cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Survival and Recurrence in Primary Leiomyosarcoma

Background Leiomyosarcoma is a soft tissue sarcoma whose outcome has historically been confounded by the inclusion of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Thus, we sought to determine the factors that predict survival and recurrence in patients with primary leiomyosarcoma alone.
Optical Properties of Diamond in the Vacuum Ultraviolet

The optical constants of diamond have been determined in the range 5.5 to 23 eV by applying the Kramers-Kronig relation to normal incidence reflectance data. There are two salient features in the curve for optical absorption. First, the absorption rises rapidly near 7 eV, indicating the onset of strong direct transitions. Second, a relatively sharp peak occurs near 12.5 eV. These data are discussed in terms of the energy band picture for diamond and related materials which have a similar band structure.
Role of cell membrane rupture in the pathogenesis of electrical trauma.

Abstract Heating due to current flow may not always be the primary cause of tissue damage in electrical injury. We have demonstrated that electric field strengths relevant to the clinical electrical injury problem are capable of permanently disrupting isolated skeletal muscle cells and altering the electrical properties of intact skeletal muscle in the absence of Joule heating effects. The field strengths used in these experiments are theoretically representative of fields at sites distant from the surface entry and exit points in many cases of electrical injury. These results provide further evidence that cell membrane disruption by large induced transmembrane potentials may explain the changes in the electrical properties of muscle observed in experimental electrical trauma (M. Chilbert, et al., J. Trauma 25 : 209, 1985) and thus may contribute significantly to the extensive tissue destruction associated with electrical trauma.
A model of self-consistent perception

Human perception is context-dependent. In addition to sensory context, two recent psychophysical studies have shown that context can also include previous perceptual decisions [1, 2]. In both studies, subjects were asked to estimate a stimulus parameter (orientation [1], or direction of motion [2]) after being forced to make a categorical decision (orientation to the left or right of vertical [1], direction of motion to left or right of a visual reference [2]). On each individual trial, the subjects’ estimates were consistent with their preceding decision (i.e., a decision of ”left of the reference” was followed by an estimated direction to the left of the reference). The distribution of estimates were bimodal, indicating repulsion away from the decision boundary (middle panel data from [2] for a single subject).
Tasmanian trichomycete gut fungi in aquatic insect larvae.

A fourth species of the Australasian genus Austrosmittium, A. biforme (Trichomycetes, Harpellales), has been found. This gut fungus from Chironomidae larvae collected in a Tasmanian stream has the unusual feature of producing two distinctly different sizes of trichospores. Two new Tasmanian species of the more common genus Smittium, S. compactum and S. fastigatum, are described from lotic chironomid larvae. A new species of Harpellales from Tasmanian mayfly nymphs is also described and illustrated, but not named; it may represent a new genus that has similarities to Bojamyces repens recently described from the USA. New records of other Tasmanian trichomycetes from aquatic insects are provided.
Pickleworm: survival, development, and oviposition on selected hosts.

No differences were noted in the survival and development of pickleworm ( Diaphania nitidalis (Stoll) larvae on excised foliage, flowers, and fruit of several edible cucurbit species, cultivars, and plant introductions. However, larval survival was low on foliage of Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl., the white-flowered gourd. Larvae were able to develop on bean flowers and fruit and tomato fruit. In laboratory choice tests, larvae preferred cucumber foliage to foliage of PI's 269480, 302418, and L. siceraria but readily accepted whole plants of the former 2 entries. Survival of newly hatched larvae was low on small Butternut squash plants. In large cage oviposition tests, the most eggs were laid on Early Yellow Summer Crookneck and fewest on Carolina cucumber and PI 169399. Watermelon was least preferred for oviposition in a field test.
Misfit-energy-increasing dislocations in vapor-deposited CoFe/NiFe multilayers

Recent molecular dynamics simulations of the growth of $[{\mathrm{Ni}}_{0.8}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.2}/\mathrm{Au}]$ multilayers have revealed the formation of misfit-strain-reducing dislocation structures very similar to those observed experimentally. Here we report similar simulations showing the formation of edge dislocations near the interfaces of vapor-deposited (111) [NiFe/CoFe/Cu] multilayers. Unlike misfit dislocations that accommodate lattice mismatch, the dislocation structures observed here increase the mismatch strain energy. Stop-action observations of the dynamically evolving atomic structures indicate that during deposition on the (111) surface of a fcc lattice, adatoms may occupy either fcc sites or hcp sites. This results in the random formation of fcc and hcp domains, with dislocations at the domain boundaries. These dislocations enable atoms to undergo a shift from fcc to hcp sites, or vice versa. These shifts lead to missing atoms, and therefore a later deposited layer can have missing planes compared to a previously deposited layer. This dislocation formation mechanism can create tensile stress in fcc films. The probability that such dislocations are formed was found to quickly diminish under energetic deposition conditions.
Effect of new generation surface sealants on the marginal permeability of Class V resin composite restorations.

Clinical Relevance Surface sealants, when applied to Class V resin composite restorations, can contribute to a significant reduction in microleakage, thus enhancing marginal integrity.
Inspire: Linking graduate students with K12 teachers to address remote sensing educational needs

The INSPIRE program links graduate students with middle school and high school teachers and students to simultaneously address the need to inspire future students in remote sensing fields as well as providing professional development opportunities for graduate students currently in those disciplines. The INSPIRE program involves each year 10 graduate students (a cumulative total thus far of 50), 5 public school teachers, and approximately 300 middle school and 300 high school students in three school districts with a majority of low-socio economic students, a demographic underrepresented in the remote sensing field in the U.S. The program has resulted in more than 400 formal lesson plans for teachers of grades 7 through 12. To date, the INSPIRE lesson plans have been accessed and downloaded more than 1000 times, resulting in widespread dissemination of the materials and far reaching impact on future generations of students entering the remote sensing field. This paper provides an overview of the program activities, impacted populations, and impact assessment and evaluation.
Plasma pressure and flows during divertor detachment

Abstract MHD theory applied to tokamak plasma scrape-off layer (SOL) equilibria requires Pfirsch–Schluter current, which, because the magnetic lines are open, normally closes through electrically conducting divertor or limiter components. During detached divertor operation the Pfirsch–Schluter current path to the divertor target is sometimes blocked, in which case theory predicts that the plasma develops a poloidal pressure gradient around the upstream SOL and a corresponding parallel flow, in order to satisfy all the conditions of MHD equilibrium. This paper reports the only known examples of detached diverted plasma in the DIII–D tokamak with blocked Pfirsch–Schluter current, and they show no clear SOL poloidal pressure differences. However, the predicted pressure differences are small, near the limit of detectability with the available diagnostics. In the more usual DIII–D `partially detached divertor' operation mode, the Pfirsch–Schluter current appears to never be blocked, and no unusual poloidal pressure differences are observed, as expected. Finally, a local overpressure is observed just inside the magnetic separatrix near the X -point in both attached and detached Ohmically heated plasmas.
Correlation effects in pion double charge exchange in the f 7/2 shell

Abstract Analog and non-analog transitions have been measured in the reactions 48 Ca(π + , π − ) 48 Ti and 48 Ti(π + , π − ) 48 Cr at pion energies of 130, 180, 235, and 292 MeV, and θ =5°. The ratios of cross sections for the different transitions are discussed in terms of different models of DCX which offer contrasting explanations.
On the distribution of the eigenvalues of the hyperbolic Laplacian for PSL(2,Z)

In this paper we show by employing the Selberg trace formula that the $t_j \log t_j$ are rather regularly distributed mod $2 \pi$ (that is, we show that some degree of cancellation occurs) where \[\lambda_0 = 0, \; \lambda_j = \frac{1}{4} + t^2_j,\; t_j > 0, \; j = 1,2,3,\cdots\] are the eigenvalues of the hyperbolic Laplacian for $\Gamma = PSL(2,{\vec Z})$ .
Multivariate Population Balances via Moment and Monte Carlo Simulation Methods: An Important Sol Reaction Engineering Bivariate Example and “Mixed” Moments for the Estimation of Deposition, Scavenging, and Optical Properties for Populations of Nonspherical Suspended Particles

Reactors or crystallizers synthesizing valuable particles can be formally described by combining the laws of continuum transport theory with a population balance equation governing evolution of the “dispersed” (suspended) particle population. Early examples necessarily focused on highly idealized device configurations and populations described locally using only one particle state variable, i.e., “size” (length or volume). However, in almost every application of current/future importance, a multivariate description is required, for which the existing literature offers little guidance. We describe here our recent research on an instructive bivariate prototype of physical interest (coagulating, sintering nanoparticles of prescribed composition, etc.) that will, hopefully, motivate a broader attack on important multivariate population balance problems, including those describing continuous molecular mixtures. We illustrate the use of both physically based bivariate “mixed” moment and Monte Carlo simulation m...
Dispermic chimerism with two abnormal cell lines, 47,XY, +21 and 47,XX, +12

Chimerism in humans appears to be a rare phenomenon that is usually discovered by accident. Here we describe a stillborn male fetus with multiple congenital anomalies which was found to have two cytogenetically abnormal cell lines, 47,XY, +21 and 47, XX, +12. The difference in sex chromosome constitution between the cell lines indicated that the fetus had dispermic chimerism. To our knowledge, this is the first report of chimerism with two abnormal cell lines.
Ion-Ice Astrochemistry: Barrierless Low-energy Deposition Pathways to HCOOH, CH3OH, and CO2 on Icy Grain Mantles from Precursor Cations

A new family of very favorable reaction pathways is explored involving the deposition of ions on icy grain mantles with very low energies. Quantum chemical cluster calculations at the MP2/6-31+G** level in 4H2O clusters and at the B3LYP/6-31+G** level in 17H2O clusters indicate that HCO+ and CH3 + are able to react spontaneously with one of the water molecules in the cluster to form protonated formic acid (HCOOH2 +) and protonated methanol (CH3OH2 +), respectively. It is furthermore found that these initial adducts spontaneously transfer their excess protons to the cluster to form neutral formic acid and methanol, plus solvated hydronium, H3O+. In the final case, if a CO molecule is bound to the surface of the cluster, OH+ may react with it to form protonated carbon dioxide (HCO2 +), which then loses its proton to yield CO2 and H3O+. In the present model, all of these processes were found to occur with no barriers. Discussion includes the analogous gas-phase processes, which have been considered in previous studies, as well as the competitive abstraction pathway for HCO+ + H2O.
Predictability of the Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Abstract The partial differential equation set for the horizontally homogeneous nocturnal boundary layer under first-order closure is discretized and truncated to a two-layer system. This system can be treated as a coupled four-layer ordinary differential equation set Using techniques of nonlinear dynamics, including numerical continuation and nonlinear stability analysis, characteristics of the solutions are developed. The bifurcation diagrams show classic S-shaped behavior so that the equations support multivalued solutions for certain values of external parameters. Both stable and unstable solution regimes exist with multiple, stable limit points. The results have strong implications for the predictability of the stable boundary layer in that even slight changes in initial conditions (or perturbations) would lead to quite different solutions in terms of temperature and wind speed for the regions of multivalued solutions. Practically, this means that predictions of frost or pollution dispersion may not ...
Design process of physical security as applied to a U.S. Border Port of Entry

This paper describes the design process of physical security as applied to a U.S. Border Port of Entry (PoE). Included in this paper are descriptions of the elements that compose U.S. border Security. The physical security design will describe the various elements that make up the process, as well as the considerations that must be taken into account when dealing with system integration of those elements. The distinctions between preventing unlawful entry and exit of illegal contraband will be emphasized.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Influence of the electron density profile on surface plasmons in a hydrodynamic model

The effect of the electron density profile at the surface of a metal on the surface-plasma modes is studied within the framework of a hydrodynamic model. For a sufficiently diffuse surface, higher multipole excitations can exist in addition to the usual surface plasmon. The frequency of both kinds of modes is studied in the long-wavelength limit.
Ethanol Intake and Body Weight among Smokers

desirability bias was non-random in respect to study outcome only. Dr. Heitmann's example focuses on a single scenario that unrealistically represents the probable effect of social desirability bias in epidemiological practice. It also totally ignores the matter of confounding which was the core point of the paragraph on which the example was based. We appreciate Dr. Heitmann's interest in our work and hope that continued scrutiny and dialogue in this important but neglected aspect of epidemiology will stimulate innovation in respect to dietary assessment methods and the use of dietary data based on selfreport.
What is in our environment that effects puberty

Recent studies indicate that the onset of puberty is occurring at increasingly younger ages. Many etiologies have been hypothesized to be involved, but environmental exposures are among the most worrisome. Multiple organizations have endorsed the need to study and provide clinical awareness regarding the effect of a child's environment on pubertal timing. This review article summarizes the current understanding of the major environmental influences on pubertal timing, focusing on factors for which the most scientific evidence exists. The research reviewed addresses intrinsic factors unique to each individual, naturally occurring endocrine disruptors and chemical endocrine disruptors. In each category, evidence was found for and against the involvement of specific environmental factors on pubertal timing. Ultimately, an individual's environment is likely comprised of many aspects that collectively contribute to the timing of puberty. The need for research aimed at elucidating the effects of numerous specific yet disparate forms of exposures is emphasized.
The darker side of travel: the theory and practice of dark tourism

The darker side of travel: the theory and practice of dark tourism, edited by Richard Sharpley and Philip R. Stone, Bristol, England Channel View Publications, 2009, 280 pp., US$49.95 (paperback), ...
Chromatographic mobilities and partition coefficients of synthetic corticosteroid glucosiduronates

Abstract Analytical data are presented on the free acids, the methyl esters, the methyl ester triacetates and the methyl ester triacetate semicarbazones of C-21 glucosiduronic acid conjugates of six adrenal hormones. Chromatographie mobilities of all of these compounds in three or more solvent systems are given. The stability of the steroidal glucosiduronic acids in alkali, their hydrolysis by β-glucuronidase and their partition coefficients in several solvent systems are also given.
Could EFT Have Saved the Buddha's Marriage? A Reflection on Beckerman and Sarracco

Efforts to integrate mindfulness meditation into existing Western psychoetherpay models are commonplace. While mindfulness techniques may work in concert with other models successfully, the richness of the mindfulness model of encountering the world is often lost. Using Beckerman and Sarracco's case study as an example, this paper explores some of the ways in which a more full integration of the mindfulness model might inform EFT practice.
Computing optimal rectilinear Steiner trees: a survey and experimental evaluation

Abstract The rectilinear Steiner tree problem is to find a minimum-length rectilinear interconnection of a set of points in the plane. A reduction from the rectilinear Steiner tree problem to the graph Steiner tree problem allows the use of exact algorithms for the graph Steiner tree problem to solve the rectilinear problem. Furthermore, a number of more direct, geometric algorithms have been devised for computing optimal rectilinear Steiner trees. This paper surveys algorithms for computing optimal rectilinear Steiner trees and presents experimental results comparing nine of them: graph Steiner tree algorithms due to Beasley, Bern, Dreyfus and Wagner, Hakimi, and Shore, Foulds, and Gibbons and geometric algorithms due to Ganley and Cohoon, Salowe and Warme, and Thomborson, Alpern, and Carter.
Radon at workplaces in Bavaria and experiences with remediation

Abstract In Germany radon exposure at certain workplaces has been regulated by the Radiation Protection Ordinance since 2001. However in Bavaria studies have been conducted since 1996. The radon exposure of all staff concerned was estimated and thereby several companies were identified where the exposure exceeded 6 mSv per year. Since then the exposure of the staff has been continuously monitored in these companies. Remediation measures specifically adjusted to local conditions led to a reduction of the exposure in many of these companies. Therefore only in 11 of the original 81 companies exposures of more than 6 mSv/a persist until today. As the Bavarian Environment Agency (LfU) oversaw the measurements and remediation measures there exists profound knowledge within the LfU of the local conditions mainly in water supply facilities as well as of the various remediation measures and their success. Furthermore, a few investigations concerning radon are carried out at workplaces not regulated by the Radiatio...
The Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α (PPARα) Agonist Ciprofibrate Inhibits Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing in Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-deficient Mice EFFECTS ON PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS

Low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-deficient mice fed a chow diet have a mild hypercholesterolemia caused by the abnormal accumulation in the plasma of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-100- and apoB-48-carrying intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL). Treatment of LDLR-deficient mice with ciprofibrate caused a marked decrease in plasma apoB-48-carrying IDL and LDL but at the same time caused a large accumulation of triglyceride-depleted apoB-100-carrying IDL and LDL, resulting in a significant increase in plasma cholesterol levels. These plasma lipoprotein changes were associated with an increase in the hepatic secretion of apoB-100-carrying very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and a decrease in the secretion of apoB-48-carrying VLDL, accompanied by a significant decrease in hepatic apoB mRNA editing. Hepatic apobec-1 complementation factor mRNA and protein abundance were significantly decreased, whereas apobec-1 mRNA and protein abundance remained unchanged. No changes in apoB mRNA editing occurred in the intestine of the treated animals. After 150 days of treatment with ciprofibrate, consistent with the increased plasma accumulation of apoB-100-carrying IDL and LDL, the LDLR-deficient mice displayed severe atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta. These findings demonstrate that ciprofibrate treatment decreases hepatic apoB mRNA editing and alters the pattern of hepatic lipoprotein secretion toward apoB-100-associated VLDL, changes that in turn lead to increased atherosclerosis.
Measurement of Water-Cryoprotectant Mutual Diffusivity in Micro-Scale Biological Tissues at Subzero Temperatures

Water-cryoprotectant mutual diffusivity (D) in biological tissues at subzero temperatures is of critical importance for optimizing tissue or organ cryopreservation procedures. Currently, there exist no attempts to measure D at subzero temperatures. We pioneered a thermal analytic method to measure this mass transfer parameter in biological tissues at the level of micro-liters. Using differential scanning calorimetry, the values of D in mouse ovaries (∼4–8μl) with ethylene glycol (EG) as cryoprotectant were measured at −20°C, −10°C, 0°C, 10°C and 20°C. The results show the Arrhenius law is strictly followed (R2 = 0.99) over this temperature range with the activation energy as 3.78 kcal/mol. The value of D with EG as the cryoprotectant at 20°C, 6.2×10−7 cm2 /s, agrees well with that previously measured using a magnetic resonance imaging method at the same temperature, 6.1×10−7 cm2 /s.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Observation of Symmetry Lowering and Electron Localization in the Doublet-States of a Spin-Frustrated Equilateral Triangular Lattice: Cu3(O2C16H23)·1.2C6H12

Cu3(O2C16H23)6·1.2C6H12, containing a Cu36+ core in an equilateral triangle geometry, has been found to be a versatile model system for investigating the spin-frustration phenomenon in a triangular lattice. It affords well-resolved EPR spectra from both of the two possible (Stotal = 1/2 and 3/2) spin states of the Cu36+ core. From 295 to 100 K, the spectra consist of a triplet, but with the central line overlapped by an additional, sharp peak, which replaces the triplet at 30 K and below. The triplet was thus assigned to the excited state with Stotal = 3/2, located at 324 ± 5 K (∼225 cm-1), with the zero-field parameters D = −535 G, E = 0, g∥ = 2.209 and g⊥ = 2.057. The singlet was attributed to the Stotal = 1/2 state, with gxx = 2.005, gyy = 2.050, gzz = 2.282, and, surprisingly, a hyperfine splitting arising from a single Cu2+ nucleus, with Azz = 157 G. The detailed magnetic measurements on a three-electron, equilateral triangular system, and the observation of symmetry lowering in the doublet ground st...
Punta del Este as Global City? competing visions of Uruguayan nationhood in a geography of exclusion

This article examines the controversies and struggles surrounding the Uruguayan workers confederation march from Montevideo to the exclusive resort city of Punta del Este in 2002. At stake were competing visions of the present and future direction of Uruguay. Punta del Este is central to the government's project of a “new” Uruguay: a service-oriented, outward-looking, and high-tech regional financial and economic center. The city presents a socially and spatially exclusive setting to showcase this new image, an exclusivity necessary in the face of the contrasting vision the protestors sought to highlight: an Uruguay of growing poverty, inequality and a questionable future.
Dermatologic manifestations of Lyme disease.

Erythema migrams (EM), the distinctive cutaneous lesion of Lyme disease, has a variable clinical appearance, but at some point presents as a centrifugally expanding, usually erythematous, annular patch. Of 237 patients with this condition, 201 (85%) were examined initially from May through September. Thirty-four (14%) remembered having been bitten by a deer tick. The median interval from the bite to the appearance of EM was 9 days (range, 1-36 days). Forty-one (17%) of the patients had multiple EM lesions. Of the 237 patients, 128 (54%) manifested major extracutaneous signs and symptoms. Although EM also has a variable histologic picture, the presence of a deep and superficial perivascular and interstitial lymphohistiocytic infiltrate containing plasma cells is diagnostic. Spirochetes can be demonstrated with Warthin-Starry staining in approximately 40% of the biopsy specimens. Concomitant cutaneous lesions appeared on some patients before and during antibiotic therapy. Nine patients with serologic evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi infection had cutaneous lesions other than EM, including granuloma annulare (three), erythema nodosum (two), papular urticaria (two), Henoch-Schonlein-like purpura (one), and morphea (one). Whether these entities are cutaneous markers of Lyme disease or are coincidental findings is yet to be determined.
IL-12 Is Required for Anti-OX40-Mediated CD4 T Cell Survival

Engagement of OX40 greatly improves CD4 T cell function and survival. Previously, we showed that both OX40 engagement and CTLA-4 blockade led to enhanced CD4 T cell expansion, but only OX40 signaling increased survival. To identify pathways associated with OX40-mediated survival, the gene expression of Ag-activated CD4 T cells isolated from mice treated with anti-OX40 and -CTLA-4 was compared. This comparison revealed a potential role for IL-12 through increased expression of the IL-12R-signaling subunit (IL-12Rβ2) on T cells activated 3 days previously with Ag and anti-OX40. The temporal expression of IL-12Rβ2 on OX40-stimulated CD4 T cells was tightly regulated and peaked ∼4–6 days after initial activation/expansion, but before the beginning of T cell contraction. IL-12 signaling, during this window of IL-12Rβ2 expression, was required for enhanced T cell survival and survival was associated with STAT4-specific signaling. The findings from these observations were exploited in several different mouse tumor models where we found that the combination of anti-OX40 and IL-12 showed synergistic therapeutic efficacy. These results may lead to the elucidation of the molecular pathways involved with CD4 T cell survival that contribute to improved memory, and understanding of these pathways could lead to greater efficacy of immune stimulatory Abs in tumor-bearing individuals.
Complex Data Produce Better Characters

Two studies were conducted to explore the use of complex data in character description and hybrid identification. In order to determine if complex data allow the production of better characters, eight groups of plant systematists were given two classes of drawings of plant parts, and asked to divide them into character states (clusters) in two separate experiments. The first class of drawings consisted only of cotyledons. The second class consisted of triplets of drawings: a cotyledon, seedling leaf, and inflorescence bract. The triplets were used to simulate complex data such as might be garnered by looking at a plant. Each experiment resulted in four characters (groups of clusters), one for each group of systematists. Visual and statistical analysis of the data showed that the systematists were able to produce smaller, more precisely defined character states using the more complex drawings. The character states created with the complex drawings also were more consistent across systematists, and agreed more closely with an independent assessment of phylogeny. To investigate the utility of complex data in an applied task, four observers rated 250 hybrids of Dubautia ciliolata X arborea based on the overall form (Gestalt) of the plants, and took measurements of a number of features of the same plants. A composite score of the measurements was created using principal components analysis. The correlation between the scores on the first principal component and the Gestalt ratings was computed. The Gestalt ratings and PC scores were significantly correlated, demonstrating that assessments of overall similarity can be as useful as more conventional approaches in determining the hybrid status of plants. (Analytic processing; Banskia; character; character state; complexity; configural processing; Dubautia; holistic processing; phylogenetic analysis.) In current usage, morphological characters and char- acter states are abstractions that are conceptually sep- arated from the whole organism. Stevens (personal comm.) has referred to these types of characters as "atom- istic." They have little relationship to the context in which they occur. This lack of attention to the context may be one reason why it is possible to produce alternative char- acter states based on the same data (Gift and Stevens, 1997). Separating character states from their context sim- plifies them to the extent that alternative groupings are
On the reduction in multiplicative complexity achieved by the polynomial residue number system

The polynomial residue number system is known to reduce the complexity of polynomial multiplication from O(N/sup 2/) to O(N). A new interpretation of this complexity reduction is given in the context of associative algebras over a finite field. The new point of view provides a clearer understanding of the Chinese remainder theorem. >
“I Was Ready For a Mending”: Rhetorics of Trauma and Recovery in Doug Peacock's Grizzly Years and Walking it Off

Doug Peacock, known as the inspiration for Edward Abbey's George Hayduke in the environmentalist comedy The Monkey Wrench Gang, has published his own accounts of their relationship and his conservationist work. These memoirs recount his experiences with PTSD after serving in Vietnam and argue for grizzly bear conservation. By using trauma to establish identification with the audience, the texts encourage readers to value other species and their own while resisting the totalizing tendencies of Burkean consubstantiality. The texts build identification and preserve difference through narrative structure and appeals to collective memory that encourage empathy yet stress the specificity of personal experience.
Programming with narrowing: A tutorial

Narrowing is a computation implemented by some declarative programming languages. Research in the last decade has produced significant results on the theory and foundation of narrowing, but little has been published on the use of narrowing in programming. This paper introduces narrowing from a programmer's viewpoint; shows, by means of examples, when, why and how to use narrowing in a program; and discusses the impact of narrowing on software development activities such as design and maintenance. The examples are coded in the programming language Curry, which provides narrowing as a first class feature.
Glaze and slip pigment analyses of Pueblo IV period ceramics from east-central Arizona using time of flight-laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (TOF-LA-ICP-MS)

This paper presents the results of glaze-paint and slip analysis of 161 White Mountain Red Ware ceramic samples (AD 1275e1325) from east-central Arizona. Time of flight-laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (TOF-LA-ICP-MS) analysis is used (1) to establish viability of the technique for measuring chemical compositions of glazes and slips, and (2) to establish a methodology for inferring this structured variability, specifically delineating the presence of specific pigment mixtures or ‘‘recipes’’ used by prehistoric potters in the Greater Southwest. These data bear on archaeological questions about craft production, exchange, technology, and social organization. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Denken, Sprache und Gedächtnis

Denken, Sprechen, Behalten und Erinnern sind fur uns lebensnotwendige, wenn auch ganz selbstverstandliche Vorgange. Jeder von uns hat damit eine Fulle eigener Erfahrungen gesammelt. Jetzt werden Sie, vermutlich zum ersten Mal, an wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen dieser Prozesse herangefuhrt.
Experiments in nonsmooth control of distributed manipulation

This paper describes an experimental modular distributed manipulation system upon which one can implement a variety of control schemes. We have shown elsewhere that when one includes the nonsmooth effects of friction into a model of distributed manipulation, nonsmooth feedback laws must generally be used to control distributed manipulators. We summarize results obtained with this experimental system that confirm the validity of control schemes proposed by the authors in recent papers. We describe the control algorithms in some detail and include specifics of the experimental set-up and experimental results.
Atom-specific thermal vibration amplitudes in stoichiometric NiAl: Agreement of neutron diffraction and ab initio-based molecular dynamics

Abstract The use of Rietveld refinement using powder neutron diffraction data provides a unique means to measure the atom-species-specific mean square thermal displacements; while molecular dynamics (MD) using ab initio-based atomistic potentials provides a means of calculating predictively these same quantities without any fitting or use of experimental data whatsoever. In this paper application of this neutron-diffraction-based technique to a metallic system is reported for the first time and it is found that the differences in thermal amplitudes for Ni and Al are in close agreement with our ab initio-based MD predictions, and that absolute values are about a third greater.
Broadband microwave matching of high speed photodiodes

Broadband impedance matching of high-speed photodiodes over the 2-4-GHz frequency range was demonstrated. An accurate two-port model was constructed to model the impedance and transmission properties of the detector. This model was used in the successful design of four-element pseudo-bandpass network to match 150 Omega and 250 Omega matching resistances to 50 Omega . The 150- Omega network was integrated with a commercially available high-speed photodiode to achieve better than 1.6 VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio) across an octave bandwidth, with an associated 4-dB improvement in link insertion loss and sensitivity. A 250- Omega matching network similarly achieved better than 2.1 VSWRs across the 2-4-GHz band with a 6-dB improvement in link insertion loss and sensitivity. >
The World and the West: The European Challenge and the Overseas Response in the Age of Empire

Part I. Conquest: 1. The Pattern of Empire 2. Technology and power 3. The politics of Imperialism Part II. Culture Change under Imperial Rule: 4. Culture change in plural societies: South Africa and Central Asia 5. Culture change in Mexico 6. Administrative choices and their consequences: examples from Bengal, Central Asia, Java, and Malaya Part III. Conversion: 7. Christian missions in East Africa 8. Varieties of defensive modernization 9. Meiji Japan: revolutionary modernization 10. Ottoman reactions to the West Part IV. The Drive for Independence and the Liquidation of Empires: 11. Non-European resistance and the European withdrawal 12. Personal and utopian responses: millenarianism 13. The search for viable independence: Indonesia 14. Paths to viable independence: Ghana.
Relationships of dietary zinc/copper ratios to plasma cholesterol and liver trace mineral deposition in young rats fed saturated and unsaturated fats

Abstract The effects of copper and zinc supplements on weight gains, plasma total and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels and liver trace mineral levels were studied in young rats fed either coconut oil or corn oil. Dietary factors included 1.5 ppm and 6 ppm copper, 7.5 ppm and 30 ppm zinc, and the two fat sources. Weight gains and levels of total and HDL-cholesterol were higher in rats fed corn oil than in rats fed coconut oil. Increases in dietary zinc were associated with increases in total and HDL-cholesterol levels in rats fed corn oil, while increases in copper supplements were associated with decreases in total and HDL-cholesterol levels in rats fed either fat source. Supplements of 30 ppm zinc resulted in decreases in total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios in rats fed coconut oil but had no apparent effect on these ratios in rats fed corn oil. Thus, zinc may be a more important factor than copper in the reduction of this ratio, particularly if saturated fatty acids predominate in the diet. Increases in dietary copper were associated with increases in liver copper levels of rats fed either fat source. Increases in either dietary copper or zinc resulted in decreases in liver iron deposition in rats fed both fat sources. Results of this study indicate that a dietary zinc/copper ratio of 5 may be required for optimum growth of young rats.
Patterns of nitrogen accumulation and cycling in riparian floodplain ecosystems along the Green and Yampa rivers

Patterns of nitrogen (N) accumulation and turnover in riparian systems in semi-arid regions are poorly understood, particularly in those ecosystems that lack substantial inputs from nitrogen fixing vegetation. We investigated sources and fluxes of N in chronosequences of riparian forests along the regulated Green River and the free-flowing Yampa River in semi-arid northwestern Colorado. Both rivers lack significant inputs from N-fixing vegetation. Total soil nitrogen increased through time along both rivers, at a rate of about 7.8 g N m(-2) year(-1) for years 10-70, and 2.7 g N m(-2)year(-1) from years 70-170. We found that the concentration of N in freshly deposited sediments could account for most of the soil N that accumulated in these floodplain soils. Available N (measured by ion exchange resin bags) increased with age along both rivers, more than doubling in 150 years. In contrast to the similar levels of total soil N along these rivers, N turnover rates, annual N mineralization, net nitrification rates, resin-N, and foliar N were all 2-4 times higher along the Green River than the Yampa River. N mineralization and net nitrification rates generally increased through time to steady or slightly declining rates along the Yampa River. Along the Green River, rates of mineralization and nitrification were highest in the youngest age class. The high levels of available N and N turnover in young sites are not characteristic of riparian chronosequences and could be related to changes in hydrology or plant community composition associated with the regulation of the Green River.
First Impressions From Faces Among U.S. and Culturally Isolated Tsimane’ People in the Bolivian Rainforest:

The authors examined the generalizability of first impressions from faces previously documented in industrialized cultures to the Tsimane' people in the remote Bolivian rainforest. Tsimane' as well as U.S. judges showed within-culture agreement in impressions of attractiveness, babyface- ness, and traits (healthy, intelligent/knowledgeable, dominant/respected, and sociable/warm) of own-culture faces. Both groups also showed within-culture agreement for impressions of other- culture faces, although it was weaker than for own-culture faces, particularly among Tsimane' judges. Moreover, there was between-culture agreement, particularly for Tsimane' faces. Use of facial attractiveness to judge traits contributed to agreement within and between cultures but did not fully explain it. Furthermore, Tsimane', like U.S., judges showed a strong attractiveness halo in impressions of faces from both cultures as well as the babyface stereotype, albeit more weakly. In addition to cross-cultural similarities in trait impressions from faces, supporting a universal mechanism, some effects were moderated by perceiver and face culture, consistent with perceiver attunements conditioned by culturally specific perceptual learning.
A dose-finding study of oral misoprostol for labor augmentation

OBJECTIVE: We designed a dose-finding trial of oral misoprostol administered for labor augmentation. STUDY DESIGN: Healthy, nulliparous women in active labor and diagnosed with arrest of dilation were enrolled in cohorts of 10 at a time. Five regimens were studied: (1) 25 μg every 4 hours, (2) 50 μg every 4 hours, (3) 100 μg every 4 hours, (4) 50 μg every 2 hours, and (5) 75 μg every 4 hours. RESULTS: A total of 46 women were enrolled. Baseline uterine activity approximately doubled with 4 of the regimens and tripled with the highest dosage regimen (100 μg) (P < .001). The 100-μg regimen was truncated due to excessive uterine hyperstimulation (40%). CONCLUSION: An oral dose of 75 μg of misoprostol given at a 4-hour interval for a maximum of 2 doses is the highest tolerated dose. Randomized, controlled trials will be required before a regimen is employed routinely.
Relating CMOS inverter lifetime to DC hot-carrier lifetime of NMOSFETs

The authors report that comparison with measured 75-MHz CMOS ring-oscillator speed degradation suggests that quasi-static circuit aging simulations using DC stress data do not underestimate circuit degradation. Roughly speaking, 10% degradation in NMOSFET linear current results in only about 1.3% increase in CMOS inverter propagation delay. This 10% current degradation occurs in an inverter-based circuit over a time that is about six times the MOSFET DC lifetime at maximum I/sub sub/ and about 30 times the DC lifetime at maximum I/sub sub//sup 3//I/sub ds//sup 2/. >
Get In Rhythm Before Class

Music may be played before class to introduce material, to consider current events, or to reflect on historical happenings of that day. The response from students is overwhelmingly positive.
Large Intestinal Carcinogenesis. II. Histogenesis and Unusual Features of Low-Dose Azoxymethane-Induced Carcinomas in F344 Rats

The histogenesis of large intestinal carcinomas was studied by use of a low dose (2 mg/kg/wk) of azoxymethane [(AOM) CAS: 25843-45-2] administered im to inbred F344 rats. No evidence of benign polyp was seen, and the carcinomas in this model did arise directly from the flat mucosa. In marked contrast to the standard dose (8 mg/kg/wk) studies, low-dose AOM carcinogenesis yielded the following unusual features: a) There was a very high incidence of readily metastasizing mucinous adenocarcinomas that were extremely aggressive and easily transplantable; b) the carcinomas, microscopic and macroscopic, were localized predominantly in the proximal large intestine; c) foci of atypical early neoplastic (or so-called dysplastic) crypts as well as early carcinomas were frequently associated with the lymphoid aggregates in the intestinal wall; d) Paneth cells were commonly seen to be associated with these atypical crypts and/or early carcinomas associated with the lymphoid aggregates; and e) there was a virtual lack of the dilated, distorted, or hyperdistended crypts in noncarcinomatous epithelia. The significance of the lack of dilated, distorted, hyperdistended crypts and the similarity of this finding with the findings in the low incidence of colon cancer in the Japanese population are discussed.
Exploring Dimensions of Advocacy in Service: A Content Analysis Extending the Framework of Counselor Community Engagement Activities in Chi Sigma Iota Chapters

ABSTRACTCounselor Community Engagement (CCE) is a collaborative process whereby counselors and community members identify, plan, and execute strategies that promote wellness and human dignity within the community. Although Chi Sigma Iota (CSI) has an established framework for CCE inspired by Dr. Jane E. Myers (10 Key Considerations), no study has explored the use of this framework in practice. Using directive content analysis methodology, these researchers examined the 2013–2014 CSI Chapter CCE activities (n = 247), confirming the degree to which the 10 Key Considerations reflect CCE activities and refining the framework to support purposeful engagement and advocacy with individuals, groups, and communities. Implications for practice and suggestions for future research are provided.
Effects of food density on the behavior and distribution of nonbreeding American Flamingos in Yucatan, Mexico

We sampled potential food items of American Flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber) in the Celestun Estuary, Yucatan, Mexico, from October 1992 to January 1993, to explore the influence of food density and distribution on flamingo behavior in relation to the ideal free distribution model. Food items were found in the substrate and vegetation and were dominated by four groups: gastropods (40%), muskgrass bulbils (26%), crustaceans (11%), and chironomids (10%). Overall, food was patchily distributed and food abundance decreased over time. Flocks initially concentrated in areas where food was most abundant, but appeared to deplete food resources in these areas after which they dispersed throughout the Celestun Estuary. Time spent feeding also was lower in the first two time blocks (χ = 26%) when food was most abundant, and then increased and remained constant (56%) in the remaining five time blocks. Mean flock size was 457, and did not differ among locations through time, except in the last time block when flocks tended to be larger (χ = 821). We concluded that the distribution of flamingo flocks was consistent with the ideal free model based on food density and distribution, but that major perturbations (storms) can dramatically affect flamingo distribution. However, relative payoff for individuals within flocks has yet to be determined
Home sweet home? Home physical environment and inflammation in children.

Abstract The home environment includes important social and physical contexts within which children develop. Poor physical home environments may be a potential source of stress for children through difficult daily experiences. Using a sub-sample from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (N = 425), we consider how the home physical environment affects stress-related immune system dysregulation in children ages 3–18 years. Results indicated that children in poorer quality homes had higher inflammation (measured by C-reactive protein). The associations were particularly strong for younger children. We also found that part of the home physical environment association with CRP worked through increased risk of obesity for children living in low-quality homes. Future research should assess how home physical environments could be improved to reduce stress and improve health outcomes in children.
Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Containing N,N′-Diamidocarbenes

A series of Ru-based olefin metathesis catalysts containing N,N′-diamidocarbenes (DACs) were synthesized and studied. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that the Ru−Ccarbene distances (1.938(5)−1.984(4) A) measured in the DAC-supported complexes were relatively short, particularly in comparison to the range of Ru−Ccarbene distances typically observed in analogous N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) supported complexes (1.96−2.03 A). While the Tolman electronic parameters (TEP) of various DACs (2056−2057 cm−1) were calculated to be similar to that of PCy3 (2056 cm−1), the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of diethyl diallylmalonate facilitated by DAC-supported Ru complexes proceeded at a relatively slow rate. However, unlike the phosphine-containing complexes, the DAC analogues catalyzed the RCM of diethyl dimethallylmalonate to its respective tetrasubstituted olefin. A series of electrochemical experiments revealed that the Ru complexes bearing a DAC ligand underwent oxidation at significantly higher potential...