cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Absence of regeneration in the MRL/MpJ mouse heart following infarction or cryoinjury.

Abstract Background Myocardial infarcts in mammals heal by scar formation rather than formation of new muscle tissue. The MRL/MpJ [Murphy Roths large (MRL) derived by the Murphy group of the Jackson Laboratory (MpJ)] mouse, however, has been reported to exhibit minimal scarring and subsequent cardiac regeneration after cryoinjury of the right ventricle. Other groups have reported that permanent and temporary ligation of the coronary artery resulted in scarring without regeneration. Methods To clarify these contradictory results, we studied the temporal evolution of infarcts in MRL/MpJ and C57BL/6 control mice from 1 to 90 days post injury and the effects of intrathoracic cryoinjury to 28 days. Results After infarction, the conversion from necrotic myocardium to granulation tissue and then to scar proceeded identically in the two groups. Infarct DNA synthesis, measured by incorporation of a 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine pulse, peaked at 4 days in both strains and did not differ between strains at any time point. Endothelial cell and total vascular density in the both the infarcted and noninfarcted cardiac tissue did not differ between groups at any time. Histological analysis of directly cryoinjured right and left ventricular myocardium showed indistinguishable wound healing in both strains, and final scar size was identical in each group. Conclusions These studies demonstrate that both myocardial infarcts and cryoinjuries in MRL/MpJ mice heal by typical scar formation rather than muscle regeneration, in a manner very similar to C57BL/6 controls. We conclude that the MRL mouse is not a model for myocardial regeneration.
Military ships and planes operating in the exclusive economic zone of another country

Abstract Countries disagree on the law governing military activities by one country in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of another country. Although the maritime countries view the Law of the Sea Convention as permitting navies to operate in the EEZs of other countries just as they operate on the high seas, some coastal countries argue that different rules apply, in order to protect coastal resources and the marine environment, as well as coastal populations. Marine scientific research can be conducted only with the consent of the coastal state, but countries disagree whether hydrographic surveying should be viewed as marine scientific research. This paper surveys recent incidents involving military activities in the EEZ and examines the competing views on these issues.
Interactive analysis and display of tabular data

A program for simple data analysis and report design is described. The design emphasizes flexibility, ease of use, and rapid interactive response. These considerations are discussed in relation to the choices that may be made in the analysis and display design process. The analysis may be directed and monitored at several points - data selection and calibration, binning, choice of data scaling, choice of graphic variable, and scaling of the graphic variable. Table rows and columns can be re-organized by operators such as ranking, sequencing and grouping, and re-computed from arithmetic combinations of existing rows and columns. Where the raw data represents different cases scored over the same attributes, profile tables can be computed in a systematic fashion. Interactive report design is supported by a variety of page layout and chart annotation directives, which can be used to embellish and adjust the default line, bar and pie charts. The program can be used interactively as well as driven from a prepared script, and uses a device independent graphic system. Although intended to be used primarily with a graphics terminal, at least half the actual use has been conventional report generation on both alphanumeric and graphic terminals.
Energy Optimization of Distributed Embedded Processors by Combined Data Compression and Functional Partitioning

Transmitting compressed data can reduce inter-processor communication traffic and create new opportunities for DVS (dynamic voltage scaling) in distributed embedded systems. However, data compression alone may not be effective unless coordinated with functional partitioning. This paper presents a dynamic programming technique that combines compression and functional partitioning to minimize energy on multiple voltage-scalable processors running pipelined data-regular applications under performance constraints. Our algorithm computes the optimal functional partitioning, CPU speed for each node, and their respective compression ratios. We validate the algorithm's effectiveness on a real distributed embedded system running an image processing algorithm.
Pollinators as mediators of top‐down effects on plants

This paper explores the idea that predators may disrupt plant–pollinator relationships and consequently inhibit reproduction in flowering plants. Amidst growing evidence that predators influence plant–pollinator interactions, I suggest that such pollinator-mediated indirect effects may be a common feature of terrestrial communities, with implications for research into top-down effects and pollination ecology. Experimental evidence of such an effect from a riparian system in northern California is provided, where crab spiders decreased seed production in inflorescences of the invasive plant Leucanthemum vulgare by reducing the frequency and duration of floral visits by pollinating insects.
PATERNAL AND PEER CHARACTERISTICS: INTERACTIONS AND ASSOCIATION WITH MALE COLLEGE STUDENTS' MARIJUANA USE

Stlmntary.-This study investigated the relationships and interactions of fathers' personality/behavioral attributes, their childrearing practices, and adolescent peer influences and their associations with the adolescent sons' use of marijuana. Male college students (N = 246) and their fathers were administered written questionnaires. Analysis indicated that paternal personality/behavioral and childrearing variables were associated with peer factors, which in turn were related to the sons' marijuana use. Certain paternal drug models were associated with the adolescents' having friends who used drugs. In addition, the sons' lack of conscious identification with their fathers was associated with a peer rather than a parental orientation. The results on father-peer interactions suggested that the peer group impact on the adolescents' marijuana use may be affected by paternal factors. There has been a growing appreciation of the importance of the father in his son's development. Paternal attributes are associated with the son's cognitive, social, and emotional development and with the son's antisocial and drug behavior (Block, 1971; Brook, Whiteman, & Gordon, 1981; Brook, Whiteman, Gordon, & wh rook, in press; Hendin, Pollinger, Ulman, & Car, 1981; Jersild, Brook, & Brook, 1978; Lamb, 1976). At the same time, some studies (Jessor, 1976; Jessor, Chase, & Donovan, 1980; Jessor & Jessor, 1977; Jessor, Jessor, & Finney, 1973; KandeI, 1973; Kandel, Kessler, & Margulies, 1978) have shown that the adolescent is influenced by various aspects of'the peer group. While fathers' and peers' influences on adolescents' development have been documented, there have been no studies designed to examine the interrelationships and interactions of paternal and peer group factors in relation to adolescents' use of marijuana. Brook, Lukoff, and Whiteman ( 1977) suggested three alternative models (independent, mediational, interdependent) for examining the interrelationship of several domains (i.e., sets of related variables) and their association with adolescents' marijuana use. The domains in the present study were sets of factors related to fathers' personality/behavior, fathers' childrearing, and 'This study was supported by a grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 02390-02). The authors thank President Seymour Hyrnan and Dean Mildred Weil of the William Patetson College of New Jersey for their cooperation. The authors also thank Drs. Dan Lettieri and Tom Glynn for their advice.
A copper hyperaccumulation phenotype correlates with pathogenesis in Cryptococcus neoformans

Cryptococcus neoformans is a major human pathogen and a cause of meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients. Many factors contribute to the extraordinary survivability and pathogenicity of this fungus in humans, including copper homeostasis pathways. Previous work has shown that deletion of the copper-dependent regulator Cuf1 results in decreased virulence and dissemination in brain infection, suggesting that copper acquisition is important to the persistence of this pathogen. Here, we show that the minimal copper quota of C. neoformans is maintained at a high level even when grown under conditions of stringent copper limitation. Intriguingly, when this fungal pathogen is grown in standard and copper-enriched media, it sequesters even higher levels of this essential metal, achieving levels that are far higher than non-pathogenic S. cerevisiae. The hypothesis that copper acquisition plays an essential role in virulence is further corroborated by the findings that a hypovirulent CUF1-deletant strain of C. neoformans retrieved from infected mice contains almost a 6-fold lower concentration of intracellular copper than the pathogenic wild-type strain. The concentration difference arises in part from larger-sized cuf1Δ cell. Under in vitro growth conditions, the size of the cuf1Δ cells is normal and the hypertrophy phenotype is readily induced in vitro under conditions of copper starvation. Taken together, these data suggest that acquisition of extraordinary levels of copper is an important factor in the survivability of the pathogen in the copper-deplete environment of infection, and effective copper concentration may play an important role in the pathogenesis of C. neoformans.
Unilateral bronchospasm during pleurodesis in an asthmatic patient

A case of unilateral bronchospasm during pleurodesis in a patient with a history of recurrent pneumothorax and asthma is presented. The etiology of this event is not clear; however, it likely includes reflex parasympathetic bronchoconstriction due to physical stimulation of the pleural surface during pleurodesis. Treatment involved independent lung ventilation, corticosteroids, and aminophylline.
ASYMMETRIC EPOXIDATION OF ALPHA , BETA -UNSATURATED KETONES CATALYZED BY CHIRAL POLYBINAPHTHYL ZINC COMPLEXES : GREATLY ENHANCED ENANTIOSELECTIVITY BY A COOPERATION OF THE CATALYTIC SITES IN A POLYMER CHAIN

Polybinaphthyl zinc catalysts have been developed for the asymmetric epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated ketones in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Up to 81% ee has been achieved for the epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated ketones containing β-aliphatic substituents by using a binaphthyl polymer combined with diethylzinc. A very interesting positive cooperative effect of the catalytic sites in the polymer chain is observed which leads to greatly increased enantioselectivity over the corresponding monomer ligands.
Roles of Mycobacterium smegmatis d-Alanine:d-Alanine Ligase and d-Alanine Racemase in the Mechanisms of Action of and Resistance to the Peptidoglycan Inhibitor d-Cycloserine

d-Cycloserine (DCS) targets the peptidoglycan biosynthetic enzymes d-alanine racemase (Alr) and d-alanine:d-alanine ligase (Ddl). Previously, we demonstrated that the overproduction of Alr in Mycobacterium smegmatis determines a DCS resistance phenotype. In this study, we investigated the roles of both Alr and Ddl in the mechanisms of action of and resistance to DCS in M. smegmatis. We found that the overexpression of either the M. smegmatis or the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ddl gene in M. smegmatis confers resistance to DCS, but at lower levels than the overexpression of the alr gene. Furthermore, a strain overexpressing both the alr and ddl genes displayed an eightfold-higher level of resistance. To test the hypothesis that inhibition of Alr by DCS decreases the intracellular pool of d-alanine, we determined the alanine pools in M. smegmatis wild-type and recombinant strains with or without DCS treatment. Alr-overproducing strain GPM14 cells not exposed to DCS displayed almost equimolar amounts of l- and d-alanine in the steady state. The wild-type strain and Ddl-overproducing strains contained a twofold excess of l- over d-alanine. In all strains, DCS treatment led to a significant accumulation of l-alanine and a concomitant decease of d-alanine, with approximately a 20-fold excess of l-alanine in the Ddl-overproducing strains. These data suggest that Ddl is not significantly inhibited by DCS at concentrations that inhibit Alr. This study is of significance for the identification of the lethal target(s) of DCS and the development of novel drugs targeting the d-alanine branch of mycobacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis.
High Fidelity of Murine Hepatitis Virus Replication Is Decreased in nsp14 Exoribonuclease Mutants

Replication fidelity of RNA virus genomes is constrained by the opposing necessities of generating sufficient diversity for adaptation and maintaining genetic stability, but it is unclear how the largest viral RNA genomes have evolved and are maintained under these constraints. A coronavirus (CoV) nonstructural protein, nsp14, contains conserved active-site motifs of cellular exonucleases, including DNA proofreading enzymes, and the severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV) nsp14 has 3′-to-5′ exoribonuclease (ExoN) activity in vitro. Here, we show that nsp14 ExoN remarkably increases replication fidelity of the CoV murine hepatitis virus (MHV). Replacement of conserved MHV ExoN active-site residues with alanines resulted in viable mutant viruses with growth and RNA synthesis defects that during passage accumulated 15-fold more mutations than wild-type virus without changes in growth fitness. The estimated mutation rate for ExoN mutants was similar to that reported for other RNA viruses, whereas that of wild-type MHV was less than the established rates for RNA viruses in general, suggesting that CoVs with intact ExoN replicate with unusually high fidelity. Our results indicate that nsp14 ExoN plays a critical role in prevention or repair of nucleotide incorporation errors during genome replication. The established mutants are unique tools to test the hypothesis that high replication fidelity is required for the evolution and stability of large RNA genomes.
Kinetics, Ca2+ dependence, and biophysical properties of integrin-mediated mechanical modulation of transmitter release from frog motor nerve terminals

Neurotransmitter release from frog motor nerve terminals is strongly modulated by change in muscle length. Over the physiological range, there is an approximately 10% increase in spontaneous and evoked release per 1% muscle stretch. Because many muscle fibers do not receive suprathreshold synaptic inputs at rest length, this stretch-induced enhancement of release constitutes a strong peripheral amplifier of the spinal stretch reflex. The stretch modulation of release is inhibited by peptides that block integrin binding of natural ligands. The modulation varies linearly with length, with a delay of no more than approximately 1-2 msec and is maintained constant at the new length. Moreover, the stretch modulation persists in a zero Ca2+ Ringer and, hence, is not dependent on Ca2+ influx through stretch activated channels. Eliminating transmembrane Ca2+ gradients and buffering intraterminal Ca2+ to approximately normal resting levels does not eliminate the modulation, suggesting that it is not the result of release of Ca2+ from internal stores. Finally, changes in temperature have no detectable effect on the kinetics of stretch-induced changes in endplate potential (EPP) amplitude or miniature EPP (mEPP) frequency. We conclude, therefore, that stretch does not act via second messenger pathways or a chemical modification of molecules involved in the release pathway. Instead, there is direct mechanical modulation of release. We postulate that tension on integrins in the presynaptic membrane is transduced mechanically into changes in the position or conformation of one or more molecules involved in neurotransmitter release, altering sensitivity to Ca2+ or the equilibrium for a critical reaction leading to vesicle fusion.
Beta cell rest and recovery--does it bring patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults to euglycemia?

: Diabetes mellitus in humans is a heterogeneous disorder classified clinically into two main types. The diagnosis of type 1 versus type 2 diabetes is made phenotypically using criteria such as age at onset, abruptness of hyperglycemic symptoms, presence of ketosis, degree of obesity and the perceived need for insulin replacement. The pathogeneses of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are believed to be different. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease mediated by cellular effector mechanisms; whereas classic type 2 diabetes is not autoimmune but results from insulin resistance and a nonautoimmune insulin secretory defect. Most type 1 diabetes patients are diagnosed in childhood or young adulthood before the age of 35 years. However, there is clearly a subgroup of patients clinically diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who are greater than 35 years of age and have evidence of autoimmunity. The disease of these autoantibody-positive type 2 diabetics is often termed latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), slowly progressive type 1 diabetes, latent type 1 diabetes, and type 1.5 diabetes. This group of patients comprises approximately 10-15% of Caucasian type 2 diabetes patients. Type 1.5 diabetes patients tend to present with islet cell autoantibodies, islet-reactive T cells, higher HbA1c levels, lower C peptide, and a propensity toward insulin dependency compared to autoantibody-negative classic type 2 diabetes subjects.
Asynchronous Distributed Control System For A Mobile Robot

In this paper we describe the subsumption architecture, a design methodology for multiprocessor control systems. The architecture is based on a new decomposition of problems into task-achieving behaviors. This decomposition allows us to incrementally construct more competent robots by adding new behaviors. We demonstrate this by showing how two different control systems can be built on top of the same set of core behaviors. We have implemented both systems and have run them on a real mobile robot. The details and performance of each will be discussed.
Optimum storage allocation for a file in steady state

A file of fixed-length records in auxiliary storage using a key-to-address transformation to assign records to addresses is considered. The file is assumed to be in steady state, that is that the rates of additions to and of deletions from the file are equal. The loading factors that minimize file maintenance costs in terms of storage space and additional accesses are computed for different bucket sizes and different operational conditions.
File-access characteristics of parallel scientific workloads

Phenomenal improvements in the computational performance of multiprocessors have not been matched by comparable gains in I/O system performance. This imbalance has resulted in I/O becoming a significant bottleneck for many scientific applications. One key to overcoming this bottleneck is improving the performance of multiprocessor file systems. The design of a high-performance multiprocessor file system requires a comprehensive understanding of the expected workload. Unfortunately, until recently, no general workload studies of multiprocessor file systems have been conducted. The goal of the CHARISMA project was to remedy this problem by characterizing the behavior of several production workloads, on different machines, at the level of individual reads and writes. The first set of results from the CHARISMA project describe the workloads observed on an Intel iPSC/860 and a Thinking Machines CM-5. This paper is intended to compare and contrast these two workloads for an understanding of their essential similarities and differences, isolating common trends and platform-dependent variances. Using this comparison, we are able to gain more insight into the general principles that should guide multiprocessor file-system design.
Hemodynamic changes in the infant cortex during the processing of featural and spatiotemporal information

Over the last 20 years neuroscientists have learned a great deal about the ventral and dorsal object processing pathways in the adult brain, yet little is known about the functional development of these pathways. The present research assessed the extent to which different patterns of neural activation, as measured by changes in blood volume and oxygenation, are observed in infant visual and temporal cortex in response to events that involve processing of featural differences or spatiotemporal discontinuities. Infants aged 6.5 months were tested. Increased neural activation was observed in visual cortex in response to a featural-difference and a spatiotemporal-discontinuity event. In addition, increased neural activation was observed in temporal cortex in response to the featural-difference but not the spatiotemporal-discontinuity event. The outcome of this experiment reveals early functional specialization of temporal cortex and lays the foundation for future investigation of the maturation of object processing pathways in humans.
Observed spectral invariant behavior of zenith radiance in the transition zone between cloud-free and cloudy regions

The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's (ARM) new Shortwave Spectrometer (SWS) looks straight up and measures zenith radiance at 418 wavelengths between 350 and 2200 nm. Because of its 1-sec sampling resolution, the SWS provides a unique capability to study the transition zone between cloudy and clear sky areas. A surprising spectral invariant behavior is found between ratios of zenith radiance spectra during the transition from cloudy to cloud-free atmosphere. This behavior suggests that the spectral signature of the transition zone is a linear mixture between the two extremes (definitely cloudy and definitely clear). The weighting function of the linear mixture is found to be a wavelength-independent characteristic of the transition zone. It is shown that the transition zone spectrum is fully determined by this function and zenith radiance spectra of clear and cloudy regions. This new finding may help us to better understand and quantify such physical phenomena as humidification of aerosols in the relatively moist cloud environment and evaporation and activation of cloud droplets.
Status of Professional Couples in Psychology

Biographic data from the 1958 and 1973 APA membership directories provide information on the status of professional couples in psychology. The “professional couple syndrome” is examined as well as myths surrounding explanations of the greater success of husbands. Changes over the fifteen-year period are presented for chronological age, professional age, status of degree-granting institution, current employer, status of employer if an academic institution, and current position. Findings show the couples are remarkably similar in all characteristics except one: Husbands hold higher positions than their wives. This finding persists even among couples who graduated from the same university in the same year and are employed at the same institution. Evidence of discrimination is clear for 1958. Although wives made progress by 1973, the effects of sexism are still present. Data from several studies of APA membership indicate the couples are similar to other psychologists. Women psychologists continue to occupy lower and nonsupervisory positions.
Separating the stratospheric and tropospheric pathways of El Niño-Southern Oscillation teleconnections

The El Ni˜ no‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major driver of Northern Hemisphere wintertime variability and, generally, the key ingredient used in seasonal forecasts of wintertime surface climate. Modeling studies have recently suggested that ENSO teleconnections might involve both a tropospheric pathway and a stratospheric one. Here, using reanalysis data, we carefully distinguish between the two. We first note that the temperature and circulation anomalies associated with the tropospheric pathway are nearly equal and opposite during the warm (El
Cooperative Digital Asset Management in the Scientific Field: Strategies, Policies, Interoperability and Persistent Identifiers

In this paper we present a series of activities carried out within the National Research Council of Italy (CNR) and aimed at the development of a unique, certified and open archive of CNR’s digital research products. Starting from the description of CNR’s distributed library system, we then briefly talk about CNR’s involvement in OA initiatives and the role played by CNR’s Information System Office in providing technological tools for digital asset management. Afterwards we try to point out some criticalities of OA archives. We then talk about the solution we propose for the development of a unique, certified and open archive using a cooperative approach that takes into account previous experiences, existing repositories, policy and organizational issues. We also present the processes we designed for content ingestion and validation and the strategies for persistent identification. We finally illustrate the technical solutions we have developed as prototype proposals for the community.
Battling Onward: The Debate Over Field Research in Developmental Economics and its Implications for ComparativePolitics

Victory has finally been declared after a fierce internecine struggle, but the conflict will never be recorded in the Correlates of War dataset. In fact, except for a few notable exceptions, news of the battle has hardly seeped into political science journals at all; and its impact has certainly not been appreciated by the group best positioned to capitalize on the terms of victory – comparative scholars with deep country knowledge.
Rent seeking and organizational governance: limiting losses from intra-organizational conflict

Rent seeking activity is largely assumed to be a phenomenon involving efforts to obtain unearned benefits from government. However, rent-seeking losses are far more general than that case. This paper demonstrates that efforts to curtail rent-seeking losses can explain much about organizational design.
Autonomy and Delinquency

A number of theorists argue that delinquency stems from the adolescent's need for autonomy. In particular, the systematic blockage of this need in the United States is said to lead to delinquency by reducing social control and increasing the adolescent's level of frustration and anger. This theory is tested by examining the effect of the need for autonomy on delinquency among a national sample of adolescent boys. Data support the theory, indicating that (1) the need for autonomy is able to explain individual and group variations in delinquency, and (2) the effect of the need for autonomy is explained largely by level of social control and frustration/anger.
NEC violation in mimetic cosmology revisited

Abstract In the context of Einstein gravity, if the null energy condition (NEC) is satisfied, the energy density in expanding space–times always decreases while in contracting space–times the energy density grows and the universe eventually collapses into a singularity. In particular, no non-singular bounce is possible. It is, though, an open question if this energy condition can be violated in a controlled way, i.e. , without introducing pathologies, such as unstable negative-energy states or an imaginary speed of sound. In this letter, we will re-examine the claim that the recently proposed mimetic scenario can violate the NEC without pathologies. We show that mimetic cosmology is prone to gradient instabilities even in cases when the NEC is satisfied (except for trivial examples). Most interestingly, the source of the instability is always the Einstein–Hilbert term in the action. The matter stress-energy component does not contribute spatial gradient terms but instead makes the problematic curvature modes dynamical. We also show that mimetic cosmology can be understood as a singular limit of known, well-behaved theories involving higher-derivative kinetic terms and discuss ways of removing the instability.
Sports Leagues and Organizations

Introduction We are all familiar with the fact that athletic competition is often organized in sports leagues. The major professional leagues immediately spring to mind: the National Football League (NFL), National Hockey League (NHL), National Basketball Association (NBA), and Major League Baseball (MLB). There are leagues everywhere, however: recreational bowling, golf, softball, and tennis leagues are local fixtures for many adults. For children, there are Little League Baseball, Pop Warner Youth Football, high school leagues, and many others. At the college level, we call them conferences rather than leagues, but the Pacific-10 (PAC-10), Big Ten, Southeastern Conference (SEC), and Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) are the same as other sports leagues in many respects. They have schedules, rules for postseason play, championships, rules for revenue sharing, and so on. There are also organizations that put on athletic competition for individual athletes: the PGA Tour and Ladies PGA (LPGA) in professional golf, the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and Women's Tennis Association (WTA) in professional tennis, the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) in professional bowling, and various others for boxing, equestrian events, figure skating, speed skating, and track and field. For individual sports, tournaments or specific events rather than a season-long schedule of systematic competition are organized to determine a champion.
Comparison of Watermelon and Carbohydrate Beverage on Exercise-Induced Alterations in Systemic Inflammation, Immune Dysfunction, and Plasma Antioxidant Capacity

Consuming carbohydrate- and antioxidant-rich fruits during exercise as a means of supporting and enhancing both performance and health is of interest to endurance athletes. Watermelon (WM) contains carbohydrate, lycopene, l-citrulline, and l-arginine. WM may support exercise performance, augment antioxidant capacity, and act as a countermeasure to exercise-induced inflammation and innate immune changes. Trained cyclists (n = 20, 48 ± 2 years) participated in a randomized, placebo controlled, crossover study. Subjects completed two 75 km cycling time trials after either 2 weeks ingestion of 980 mL/day WM puree or no treatment. Subjects drank either WM puree containing 0.2 gm/kg carbohydrate or a 6% carbohydrate beverage every 15 min during the time trials. Blood samples were taken pre-study and pre-, post-, 1 h post-exercise. WM ingestion versus no treatment for 2-weeks increased plasma l-citrulline and l-arginine concentrations (p 0.05), however, the rating of perceived exertion was greater during the WM trial (p > 0.05). WM puree versus carbohydrate beverage resulted in a similar pattern of increase in blood glucose, and greater increases in post-exercise plasma antioxidant capacity, l-citrulline, l-arginine, and total nitrate (all p < 0.05), but without differences in systemic markers of inflammation or innate immune function. Daily WM puree consumption fully supported the energy demands of exercise, and increased post-exercise blood levels of WM nutritional components (l-citrulline and l-arginine), antioxidant capacity, and total nitrate, but without an influence on post-exercise inflammation and changes in innate immune function.
Introduction: Interpreting America’s Two Constitutions—Looking Through an Environmental Lens

America’s Environmental Legacies focuses on one big issue in the current environmental debate: the capacity of the American political system to respond to ecological, social, and economic threats. Any particular response consists of an agenda determining how we perceive the situation and the policies we recommend, the constraints placed on the policy-making process by our written Constitution, and the direction our collective will takes in seeking resolution of these challenges. This collective will is our unwritten constitution and can be found in the values, habits, and traditions of American culture. The term “the American Constitution” must be understood, therefore, as referring both to the formal, written document created in Philadelphia in 1787 and to the environmental legacies articulated and passed down by key members of our Founding generation. Looking at our constitution in both of these senses reveals the sources of our crises and the deeper American values we can tap into for resolution of these interconnected challenges.
Application of ℓ 1 inversion to underwater acoustic signal processing

A novel method to solve ill-posed problems is presented with a brief mathematical introduction. The method generates l 1 solutions that have few strong components in contrast to l 2 solutions with minimum energy. The method is compared with l 2 method using numerical and at-sea data with various numbers of samples and with background noise levels. [Work was funded by ONR]
Ethical treatment of youthful offenders: Issues for psychologists

The treatment of youthful offenders in correctional settings presents psychologists with a range of challenging ethical concerns. The inherent discord between psychologically based goals and correc...
31st Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics (WWND2015)

These are the proceedings of the 31st Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics, which was held in Keystone, Colorado, in January 2015. As in previous years, the unique character of this conference series has allowed us to bring together nuclear scientists with very different interests to discuss recent progress and scientific achievements. Out of the 63 contributions at WWND 2015 we have selected these 18 representative manuscripts. The topics capture the range of theoretical and experimental advances in our field. On the experimental side we saw very exciting results from the RHIC beam energy scan program, trying to characterize the exact energy required for a hadronic system to transition to deconfined Quark Gluon Matter. At the achievable LHC energies the focus was on the comparison of the data from the p–p, p–Pb and Pb–Pb runs. On the theory side this system size dependence of the experimental measurements led to a detailed evaluation of the initial conditions as well as a profound discussion on how small a QGP system can be. These results were complemented by the most recent continuum extrapolated data from lattice in order to model the complete evolution of the relativistic heavy ion system. These proceedings of the 31st Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics again provide a snapshot of the status of the field. The articles, many of which were written by some of the most promising young scientists in the field, are documenting the excitement and achievements that are characteristic for modern day nuclear science. Rene Bellwied (University of Houston) Frank Geurts (Rice University) Anthony Timmins (University of Houston)
Editorial: Group Work Camp

Welcome to this special issue of Groupwork, which features papers on the International Association for Social Work with Groups (IASWG) sponsored Group Work Camp. Before beginning my thoughts on the historical relevance of summer camps and their importance to modern groupwork practice, I must note that this editorial is decidedly American. The camp history I present is closely related to the development of the recreation movement in the U.S. during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This history highlights the relationship between summer camps and groupwork and the important role groupwork played, and continues to play, in summer camps. In many ways this analysis is apropos as the IASWG Group Work Camp originated in the U.S. and is deeply indebted to this history.
The “Supplementary” Historian? Li Zhao’s Guo shi bu as Mid-Tang Political and Social Critique

This article examines the Tang dynasty anecdote collection Guo shi bu 國史補 (Supplement to the History of the State), compiled by Li Zhao 李肇 (?-after 827) in part as a critique of imperial government and elite social mores of the early decades of the ninth century. A quantitative analysis of topic frequency and distribution in the collection reveals Li Zhao’s techniques for depicting the corruption or political brilliance of the reigns of Tang emperors, as well as his admiration of powerful aristocratic clans, and his disdain for social climbing, perspectives that likely stemmed from his experiences as an official in Xianzong’s court and his elite family background. Understanding the organization, underlying themes, and structure of individual anecdotes of the Guo shi bu allows us to see the ways that anecdotes and “miscellaneous” histories ultimately shaped official accounts of the Tang dynasty. Cet article examine la collection d’anecdotes d’epoque Tang Guo shi bu 國史補 (supplement a l’histoire de l’Etat) compilee par Li Zhao 李肇 (?-apres 827), et la considere en partie comme une critique du gouvernement imperial et des mœurs des elites au debut du ixe siecle. Une analyse quantitative des themes traites, dans leur frequence et leur repartition au sein de l’ouvrage permet de reveler les techniques mises en œuvre par Li Zhao pour decrire la corruption ou le rayonnement politique des regnes des empereurs Tang successifs, son admiration pour les grands clans aristocratiques, et son dedain pour les parvenus et l’ascension sociale. Li herite certainement cette vision de son experience en tant que fonctionnaire a la cour de Xianzong ainsi que de son ascendance au sein des elites. Une telle comprehension de l’organisation du Guo shi bu , de ses themes sous-jacents et de la structure des anecdotes prises individuellement nous permet de mieux saisir comment les anecdotes et les miscellanees ont fini par determiner le contenu des histoires officielles de la dynastie des Tang.
Morisco Prophecies at the French Court (1602-1607)

This article presents a case study of a rebellion conspiracy organized by a group of Moriscos—Spanish Muslims forcibly converted to Catholicism—in the early seventeenth century. In order to carry out their plans, these Moriscos sought assistance from the French king Henry IV (r. 1589-1610). Analyzing a Morisco letter remitted to Henry IV and multiple archival sources, this article argues that prophecy served as a diplomatic language through which Moriscos communicated with the most powerful Mediterranean rulers of their time. A ‘connected histories’ approach to the study of Morisco political activity underscores the ubiquity of prophecies and apocalyptic expectations in the social life and political culture of the early modern Mediterranean. As a language of diplomacy, apocalyptic discourse allowed for minor actors such as the Moriscos to engage in politics in a language that was deemed mutually intelligible, and thus capable of transcending confessional boundaries.
MFTA : Transform Size N = p 2

In chapters 8 to 11, multiplicative algorithms were designed for the FFT of transform sizes N, N a prime, a product of distinct primes and a product of relatively primes. These algorithms start with the multiplicative ring-structure of the indexing set, in the spirit of the Good-Thomas PFA and compute the resulting factorization by combining Rader and Winograd small FFT algorithms. The basic factorization is $$F\pi =CA$$ (1) where C is a block diagonal matrix with small skew-circulant blocks (rotated Winograd cores) and tensor product of these small skew-circulant blocks, and A is a pre-addition matrix with all its entries being 0, 1 or −1.
Efficacy of Low-dose Cyclophosphamide and Interleukin-2 in Melanoma

ABSTRACT We have studied the effects of low-dose recombinant Interleukin-2 (IL-2) preceded by low-dose cyclophosphamide on malignant melanoma. Thirty eight outpatients, with ages ranging from 25–75 years, were treated with IL-2, 3.6 million Cetus units/m2 i.v., daily for 5 days on 2 successive weeks beginning 3 days after 350 mg/m2 of i.v. cyclophosphamide. This schedule was repeated at least twice more with a 1-week interval between cycles, usually at the same dosage level. Ten of the 38 patients (26.3%) had a clinically significant remission: 2 complete (5.3%), 7 partial (18.4%), and 1 ongoing, long-term (>18 mo) “minor” response (2.6%). Four others (10.5%) had shorter minor responses and four (10.5%), a mixed response. One patient with disease restricted to the skin had a complete remission, while the other patient with a complete remission had had three lung nodules and an enlarged hilar lymph node. It was gratifying that one of the major sites of disease responding to treatment was the liver. Two complete and 2 partial remissions (i.e., > 50% regressions for > 4 wk at this site) were obtained in 10 patients with liver involvement. Lung metastases also responded, in 4 of 16 patients (1 complete and 3 partial remissions). Subcutaneous nodules responded in 7 of 21 patients (2 complete, 5 partial remissions), while lymph node metastases diminished significantly in 4 of 14 patients (1 complete, 3 partial remissions). The median duration of response was 9 months (range, 1.5-20 months), with 4 patients treated for more than one year. Toxicity was moderate and controllable, and only two patients required hospitalization, both overnight. LAK cell activation was induced in 24 of 38 patients, including all 9 of the major responders. Conversely, none of 14 patients without LAK activation had a significant clinical remission. This regimen appeared to be as effective in melanoma as those involving ex vivo activation of LAK cells, and was more tolerable than therapy with high doses of IL-2.
Neurohumoral Regulation of HCO3- Secretion by Choroid Plexus

The choroid plexuses are largely responsible for the secretion of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The primary driving force for secretion is the active transport of sodium (Fig. 1). Sodium is transported across the epithelium by a two-step process: the first is entry into the epithelium from the blood across the basolateral membrane down the electrochemical potential gradient (~110 mV); the second is active extrusion out of the cell into the ventricles of the brain by Na/K pumps on the brush border membrane. There are about 107 pumps/cell and these exhibit the usual properties of classical Na/K pumps, i.e., 3 Na+ are exchanged for 2 K+, the process is electrogenic, the Km for Na+ is ~7 mM, the Km for K+ is ~1 mM, and the pump turns over at 300–600 times per minute. Electro-neutrality is maintained by the net flux of anions (Cl- and HCO- 3) into the ventricles. This net secretion of NaCl and NaHCO3 is more than adequate to account for the observed rates of CSF secretion (see Wright et al. 1977).
Atypical postural control can be detected via computer vision analysis in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder

Evidence suggests that differences in motor function are an early feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). One aspect of motor ability that develops during childhood is postural control, reflected in the ability to maintain a steady head and body position without excessive sway. Observational studies have documented differences in postural control in older children with ASD. The present study used computer vision analysis to assess midline head postural control, as reflected in the rate of spontaneous head movements during states of active attention, in 104 toddlers between 16–31 months of age (Mean = 22 months), 22 of whom were diagnosed with ASD. Time-series data revealed robust group differences in the rate of head movements while the toddlers watched movies depicting social and nonsocial stimuli. Toddlers with ASD exhibited a significantly higher rate of head movement as compared to non-ASD toddlers, suggesting difficulties in maintaining midline position of the head while engaging attentional systems. The use of digital phenotyping approaches, such as computer vision analysis, to quantify variation in early motor behaviors will allow for more precise, objective, and quantitative characterization of early motor signatures and potentially provide new automated methods for early autism risk identification.
Proceedings of the 24th edition of the great lakes symposium on VLSI

Welcome to the 24th edition of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI (GLSVLSI) 2014 held in Houston, Texas. GLSVLSI is a premier venue for the dissemination of manuscripts of the highest quality in all areas related to VLSI, devices and system level design. The venue of this year's GLSVLSI is Houston, which not only has a "Lake Houston" nearby but also is located right next to "Great Gulf of Mexico". You will enjoy the beautiful scenery surrounding Houston as well as the program over the two and a half days of this year's GLSVLSI activity. As for the technical meeting, GLSVLSI 2014 was a resounding success: 179 papers were submitted, including authors from 30 different countries, of which 49 papers were accepted for oral presentation at the symposium (a 27.4% acceptance rate). With poster papers, a total of 76 papers will be presented at the symposium and published in the conference proceedings. The final technical program consists of 29 full presentations and 20 short presentations in 15 oral sessions and 27 posters in two poster sessions. Of these papers in the program, 55.8% are from North America, 18.2% from Asia, 20.8% from Europe, and 5.2% from South America/Australia. GLSVLSI 2014 starts on Wednesday, May 21st, in the morning with an invited keynote talk "VLSI Systems for Neurocomputing and Health Informatics" by Keshab Parhi, University of Minnesota, followed by technical sessions on Reliability, CAD, Energy Efficient Systems, and System Design Methodologies, and an inspiring and entertaining dinner keynote talk "Create, then Innovate" by Gene Frantz. Then, the technical program continues on Thursday, May 22nd with the second invited keynote talk "Smart Nodes of Internet of Things (IoT): A Hardware Perspective View & Implementation" by Edgar Sanchez-Sinencio, Texas A&M University, followed by technical sessions which present the latest industrial and academic research covering topics such as Fault-tolerance, Application-specific Circuits and Systems, Reconfigurable Elements, and System-level Optimization. The conference will end by the noon of Friday, May 23rd after the third keynote talk "EDA for Extreme Scale Systems" by Alex Jones, University of Pittsburgh, and sessions on topics of Reconfigurable Systems, Analog Design, Low Power Design, and Emerging Technologies during the morning. Overall, there are 15 regular sessions in the technical program including a session where the "best paper award" candidates will have the opportunity to present their outstanding work.
Exchange current density model for the contact-determined current-voltage behavior of solar cells

An analytic expression for the current–voltage [J(V)] behavior of a solar cell as limited by equilibrium exchange current densities of both carriers at both contacts is derived. The partial currents at both contacts to a generic semiconductor absorber are assumed to be linearly proportional to the excess carrier concentration at the interface with the contacts (e.g., as with Schottky-like contacts). The assumption that the quasi-Fermi levels in the absorber are approximately flat leads to an algebraic solution for the applied voltage as a function of current, which is inverted to obtain the analytic J(V) curve. The J(V) curve reveals distinct behavior associated with electrons and holes, separately, and allows for the determination of all critical performance parameters. In particular, it demonstrates how the characteristic features of the J(V) curve depend on the relative rate at which a particular carrier (electron or hole) is collected at one contact vs the other, rather than the relative rate of electron vs hole collection at a single contact. Furthermore, the model provides a unified explanation of how majority carrier extraction limitations cause nonideal J(V) behaviors such as S-shaped curves and dark/light crossover (i.e., failure of superposition). The efficacy and limitations of the model when applied to Schottky-type and doped semiconductor contacts are discussed. The work serves as a theoretical guide to scientists studying solar cells that are thought to be primarily limited by their contacts.