cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thrombocytopenia of Unusual Etiology in the Intensive Care Unit

Thrombocytopenia is a relatively common laboratory finding in the intensive care unit (ICU) that may be caused by a variety of triggers. Vancomycin may lead to the production of antibodies that could precipitate a severe drop in platelet count. The objective of the current report was to describe the development of severe thrombocytopenia during the infectious work-up of a critical care patient, where an association between vancomycin and thrombocytopenia was unexpectedly identified. The current report describes the case of a 64-year-old female who presented with dyspnea on exertion and resting hypoxia to an outside facility and was initially treated for a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. She was then transferred to Mayo Clinic for further care. After 72 h, she acutely decompensated requiring increasing oxygen support with a questionable infiltrate on chest imaging and was transferred to the ICU. She was placed on non-invasive ventilation with poor gas exchange and ultimately required intubation. Antibiotics were expanded to include vancomycin. Within 72 h of antibiotic initiation, her platelet count decreased from 379 x 10 9 /L to 7 x 10 9 /L. After a negative heparin-induced thrombocytopenia panel and serotonin assay, the antibiotics were discontinued and her platelet count subsequently increased. Despite the fact that heparin is a common culprit of drug-induced thrombocytopenia, the patient had no evidence of this association. She received three doses of vancomycin prior to the recognition of the association between this medication and thrombocytopenia. Her platelet count only started to recover once vancomycin was discontinued. In conclusion, vancomycin is commonly administered in the critical care setting and may lead to the development of thrombocytopenia. Vancomycin-induced thrombocytopenia is caused by antibodies that may remain for years after last exposure. Appreciation of the association between vancomycin and thrombocytopenia may ultimately lead to improved patient outcomes. J Med Cases • 2013;4(12):792-795 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jmc1555w
Translocation of the Zinc Finger Protein Basonuclin from the Mouse Germ Cell Nucleus to the Midpiece of the Spermatozoon during Spermiogenesis

Basonuclin was first described as a human keratinocyte zinc finger protein present in the nuclei of proliferative basal keratinocytes in the epidermis. It disappears from keratinocytes that have lost their proliferative ability and have entered terminal differentiation. We now report that basonuclin is present also in the germ cells of the mouse testis and ovary. Immunocytochemical staining detected basonuclin in the nuclei of spermatogonia and spermatocytes at various developmental stages. During spermiogenesis, it relocated from the nucleus to the midpiece of the flagellum of the spermatozoa. In the ovary, basonuclin was found mainly in the nuclei of developing oocytes. The dual presence of basonuclin in differentiated spermatozoa and oocytes suggests that it may play a role in their differentiation and the early development of an embryo.
Disease cases and their medical costs attributable to smoking: an analysis of the national medical expenditure survey

We estimate the fraction of disease cases, and the fraction of their total medical expenditures, attributable to smoking for two disease groups: (LC) lung and laryngeal cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, (CHD) cardiovascular disease, stroke and other smoking-caused cancers. We use a generalized additive model to predict the probability of disease; and a semi-parametric, two-part cost model to estimate the average difference in medical expenditures for persons with and without disease. We estimate that 53% and 13% of the medical expenditures for persons with LC or CHD are attributable to smoking.
HIFI: a high-bandwidth flow identification algorithm and its applications

In this paper, we present a high-bandwidth flow identification algorithm, called HIFI, which is designed for use by routers to identify high-bandwidth flows. Rather than maintaining the bandwidth usage states of all flows, HIFI is able to identify K highest-bandwidth flows, where K /spl ges/ 1 is a constant, using O(K) space and incurring only O(1) per sample processing overheads. We show that HIFI can be used in conjunction with well-established flow testing criteria to curb improperly behaving flows in the Internet. Applications of HIFI include identifying high-bandwidth multimedia streams that do not respond to congestion and mitigating the effects of flooding denial-of-service attacks. Our simulation shows that HIFI performs the above tasks with high accuracy and low overheads.
Monte Carlo simulation of THz multipliers

Schottky barrier diode frequency multipliers are critical components in submm and THz space based Earth observation systems. As the operating frequency of these multipliers has increased, the agreement between design predictions and experimental results has become poorer. The multiplier design is usually based on a nonlinear model using a form of harmonic balance and a model for the Schottky barrier diode. Conventional voltage dependent lumped element models do a poor job of predicting THz frequency performance. This paper describes a large signal Monte Carlo simulation of Schottky barrier multipliers. The simulation is a time dependent particle field Monte Carlo simulation with Ohmic and Schottky barrier boundary conditions included that has been combined with a fixed point solution for the nonlinear circuit interaction. The results point out some important time constants in varactor operation and describe the effects of current saturation and nonlinear resistances on multiplier operation.
Effective browsing and serendipitous discovery with an experience-infused browser

In the digital age, users can have perfect recall of their online experiences. In this paper, we explore how this recall can be leveraged during web browsing.We have built a system called the Experience-Infused Browser that indexes a user's digital history such as email and chat archives. As the user browses the web, it observes the contents of pages viewed, and appropriately highlights named entities on the page that the user has encountered in the past. This browser has two benefits. First, it highlights terms on the page that occur frequently in the user's communications, effectively personalizing the page for the user. Second, the system can remind the user of names that he has encountered in the past but may not remember.We evaluated how users reacted to the browser during organic web browsing. Our users have reported that it was useful on crowded web pages to surface content that they otherwise may have missed, and in recalling serendipitous connections to people that they had forgotten. Most of our users said they would use the browser beyond the experimental study, indicating that they derived clear benefit from it.
“I Like to Read, but I Know I’m Not Good at It”: Children’s Perspectives on High‐Stakes Testing in a High‐Poverty School

AbstractA significant body of research articulates concerns about the current emphasis on high‐stakes testing as the primary lever of education reform in the United States. However, relatively little research has focused on how children make sense of the assessment policies in which they are centrally located. In this article, we share analyses of interview data from 33 third graders in an urban elementary school collected as part of a larger qualitative study of children’s experiences in literacy in high‐poverty classroom. Our analysis of assessment‐focused interviews focused on two research questions related to children’s perspectives on high‐stakes testing: What patterns arise in children’s talk about high‐stakes testing? What does children’s talk about high‐stakes testing reveal about their perceptions of the role of testing in their school experiences and how they are positioned within the system of accountability they encounter in school? Drawing on tools associated with inductive approaches to lear...
Erythropoietin-induced recurrent veno-occlusive priapism associated with end-stage renal disease

This is the first report of a male hemodialysis patient experiencing recurrent dialysis-associated priapism that resolved when his concurrent erythropoietin dose was reduced from 2000 to 1500 U one time per week and held if his hemoglobin was greater than 10 g/dL. We discuss dialysis-associated priapism and the effects of erythropoietin on the coagulation cascade and male hormone levels in an effort to elucidate the etiology of priapism in this patient.
The revised Bethesda guidelines: extent of utilization in a university hospital medical center with a cancer genetics program

In 1996, the National Cancer Institute hosted an international workshop to develop criteria to identify patients with colorectal cancer who should be offered microsatellite instability (MSI) testing due to an increased risk for Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC). These criteria were further modified in 2004 and became known as the revised Bethesda Guidelines. Our study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the percentage of patients diagnosed with HNPCC tumors in 2004 who met revised Bethesda criteria for MSI testing, who were referred for genetic counseling within our institution. All HNPCC tumors diagnosed in 2004 were identified by accessing CoPath, an internal database. Both the Tumor Registry and patients' electronic medical records were accessed to collect all relevant family history information. The list of patients who met at least one of the revised Bethesda criteria, who were candidates for MSI testing, was then cross-referenced with the database of patients referred for genetic counseling within our institution. A total of 380 HNPCC-associated tumors were diagnosed at our institution during 2004 of which 41 (10.7%) met at least one of the revised Bethesda criteria. Eight (19.5%) of these patients were referred for cancer genetic counseling of which 2 (25%) were seen by a genetics professional. Ultimately, only 4.9% of patients eligible for MSI testing in 2004 were seen for genetic counseling. This retrospective study identified a number of barriers, both internal and external, which hindered the identification of individuals with HNPCC, thus limiting the ability to appropriately manage these high risk families.
Trading digital intangible goods: the rules of the game

The authors first specify the terms and conditions for the commercialization of intangible goods, and particularly digital documents, defining a mapping between the commercialization terms of the tangible goods (printed information) to the commercialization terms of the intangible goods (digital document). The meaning and limits of purchasing, accessing, redistributing, copying, preserving user anonymity, etc., are defined in accordance with the well established rules governing the trade of printed information. We next specify the requirements that a digital commercialization system of intangible goods should fulfill in order to guarantee the rights of its users (providers and consumers) like user anonymity, superdistribution, marketing policies, etc. Finally we give a brief presentation of a framework and a pilot application that we designed and implemented for the commercialization of digital documents.
‘You know, Ernest, the rich are different from you and me’: a comment on Clark's A Farewell to Alms

The American novelist Scott Fitzgerald is supposed to have said once to Ernest Hemingway, ‘You know, the rich are different from you and me.’ Hemingway replied, ‘Yes. They've got more money.’ Gregory Clark is of the Fitzgerald school. Most economic historians, among them his critics, follow Hemingway instead.
An efficient surrogate-based method for computing rare failure probability

In this paper, we present an efficient numerical method for evaluating rare failure probability. The method is based on a recently developed surrogate-based method from Li and Xiu [J. Li, D. Xiu, Evaluation of failure probability via surrogate models, J. Comput. Phys. 229 (2010) 8966-8980] for failure probability computation. The method by Li and Xiu is of hybrid nature, in the sense that samples of both the surrogate model and the true physical model are used, and its efficiency gain relies on using only very few samples of the true model. Here we extend the capability of the method to rare probability computation by using the idea of importance sampling (IS). In particular, we employ cross-entropy (CE) method, which is an effective method to determine the biasing distribution in IS. We demonstrate that, by combining with the CE method, a surrogate-based IS algorithm can be constructed and is highly efficient for rare failure probability computation-it incurs much reduced simulation efforts compared to the traditional CE-IS method. In many cases, the new method is capable of capturing failure probability as small as 10^-^1^2~10^-^6 with only several hundreds samples.
Diagnostic tests in jaundice: WHO is to choose, the doctor or the computer?

A model has been developed for ordering diagnostic tests in jaundiced patients. The system proceeds in two steps: (i) diagnostic hypotheses are calculated for each patient from the results of physical examination and routine biological investigations; (ii) given these hypotheses, the most efficient test (out of 22) for reaching the final diagnosis is selected using four criteria: diagnostic value, risk, financial cost, and time in obtaining the result. This model was tested in 62 patients. In 43 of them (69%), the selected test was sufficient for reaching a diagnostic accuracy of 100%. In this group of patients, a mean of 3.7 (range 1–6) tests per patient was ordered by physicians. In the 19 remaining patients, the selected test was not sufficient for the final diagnosis, thus requiring a multiple choice process. It is suggested that such a system could help physicians to improve the care of patients by more efficient ordering of diagnostic tests.
Linear Multi-Degree-of-Freedom System Stochastic Response by Using the Harmonic Wavelet Transform

The wavelet transform is used to capture localized features in either the time domain or the frequency domain of the response of a multi-degree-of-freedom linear system subject to a nonstationary stochastic excitation. The family of the harmonic wavelets is used due to the convenient spectral characteristics of its basis functions. A wavelet-based system representation is derived by converting the system frequency response matrix into a time-frequency wavelet tensor. Excitation-response relationships are obtained for the wavelet-based representation which involve linear system theory, spectral representation of the excitation and of the response vectors, and the wavelet transfer tensor of the system. Numericalresults demonstrate the usefulness of the developed analytical procedure.
An improved approach to application-specific power electronics education. Curriculum development

This paper presents an innovative power electronics curriculum spanning the undergraduate and graduate programs. The curriculum develops the basic concepts of the field and applies them to modern industrial challenges to solve practical problems. It is based on three fundamental disciplines: switching devices, circuits and topologies and control and drives. The curriculum, which will facilitate the development of optimal systems, bridges the gap between power semiconductor devices and circuit design. An underlying principle of the curriculum is the development of optimal application-specific power electronics systems, achieved primarily through optimization of power semiconductor devices. The curriculum is described in detail with an emphasis on the courses pertaining to power semiconductor device physics and converter circuit design. The role of advanced computer-aided design tools is also identified and shown to facilitate an application-specific device design and optimization methodology. To further illustrate the effectiveness of this approach, two industry-relevant course projects performed in the curriculum are presented in detail.
The cultural politics of gesture Reflections on the embodiment of ethnographic practice

■ Ethnographers enter the field as legible signs of otherness to their interlocutors. In this article, I explore the ramifications of my personal experience of being variously `read' in the course ...
Liquid-crystal microlens arrays using patterned polymer networks

A real-time dynamically tunable-focus microlens array made from a polymer-liquid-crystal (LC) composite is demonstrated. The polymer was first patterned in microlens array cavities by lamination, and the LC-monomer mixture was then injected to the molded polymer cavities and finally stabilized by UV light-induced networks. Using this new fabrication method, we demonstrated a lens with a spherical shape and a glazed surface. This LC-based microlens can reach approximately 100% light efficiency for linearly polarized light. The saturation voltage of the lens is approximately 60 Vrms, and the response time is approximately 30 ms.
The Capital Gains Preference: Imperfect, but Useful

In this article, Viard argues that the capital gains preference is a valuable but imperfect feature of today’s tax system.
Intractable Hiccups Due to Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm

This is the third reported case of a posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm presenting as intractable hiccups (IH). A previously healthy 29-year-old woman was admitted with a 2-week history of hiccups occurring >100 times per minute. Symptoms persisted despite numerous noninvasive therapies. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiogram of the brain showed a left PICA aneurysm that was confirmed by catheter angiography. Symptoms resolved following suboccipital craniotomy and resection. Although rare, PICA aneurysm is a potentially curable cause of IH.
Physiological levels of thrombospondin-1 decrease NO-dependent vasodilation in coronary microvessels from aged rats

Advanced age increases the potency of thrombospondin-1 action on coronary arterioles, resulting in increased superoxide production and suppressed vasodilation. CD47 blocking antibodies attenuate th...
Analysis of Stress and Fatigue Life of Commercial Vehicle Driving Axle Housing

Drive axle housing is the main load-bearing and force-transmitting component of vehicle,fatigue failure is often brought about by alternating loads.By setting up the 3D model of a drive axle housing,this paper carries out the fatigue life analysis to find out the dangerous position in both test condition and actual working condition.This study verifies that the stress and fatigue life of the drive axle housing can satisfy the design requirements.
On-line Power Flow Calculation for Anshan Distribution System

A three-phase on-line power flow algorithm is studied based on the Anshan 10 kV distribution system,which has a good solution to such problems as admittance matrix’s singularness,large memory demand,the number of known conditions being less than that of the unknown,convergence influenced by zero-sequence current injection.The long-term performance of the on-line power flow program for Anshan distribution system shows that this method has the advantage of reliable convergence and high speed calculation and is suitable for on-line power flow calculation for distribution system.
Relationship and possible causal effect of selected variables to treadmill endurance running performance.

Abstract Seventy-one male university students completed a battery of structural anthropometric, motor fitness, circulatory-respiratory, and psychological tests. The battery was divided into three testing sessions, varying in length from 1 to 11/4 hr. Each subject completed the sequence of testing by performing an all-out treadmill run at 7 miles per hour, 8.6 percent grade. The range of scores, mean, and standard deviation for each of 90 variables were presented, together with a correlation matrix of variables most closely associated with the treadmill run time. Through the results of three multiple regression analyses, a tentative division of the structural anthropometric, neuromuscular, circulatory-respiratory, and psychological areas, in terms of percent net explained variance was presented. Thus, the conclusion that treadmill run performance is dependent on the interrelationship of numerous factors was supported. The contention was advanced that the reason for the insignificant unique contribution (in...
Functional limitations, body perceptions, and health outcomes among older African American women.

OBJECTIVES African American women experience greater difficulties in physical function and disproportionately higher rates of obesity compared to other racial-ethnic gender groups; however, positive body perceptions may buffer against negative psychological and health-related outcomes associated with functional decline. METHOD Associations among satisfaction with and importance placed on body shape and function, body mass index (BMI), physical function, general health, pain, and emotional well-being were assessed among an urban-dwelling, community-based sample of African American women ages 65 and older (n = 111). RESULTS Higher BMI was associated with worse health and physical function and lower satisfaction with body shape and function. Body perceptions moderated the association between physical function and 2 health-relevant outcomes: pain and emotional well-being. Women who were functioning well and reported high importance of body shape and function demonstrated the lowest levels of pain and highest levels of emotional well-being, and women low in physical functioning who were low in satisfaction with body shape and function had the highest levels of pain. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that there is significant variation among African American women and risk for negative health outcomes, particularly for women with varying perceptions of body functionality and body satisfaction. (PsycINFO Database Record
Understanding the Role and Training of Interdisciplinary Professions: Emergency Medical Technicians

Understanding the role and training of all healthcare professionals is essential for RNs who are responsible for delegating, receiving, and transferring patient care too. An educational program which educates nursing students about the role, and training of EMTs was designed in an attempt to enhance interprofessional collaboration, communication, and the safe transfer of patients across the two professions. EMTs were selected as a profession of interest related to the acute, and often frantic environment in which RNs and EMTs interact. The purpose of the educational program was to educate program participants related to the role, and training of the varying certifications of EMTs within the New England area. The review of literature examined components of effective communication within healthcare settings, identified patient safety concerns related to ineffective communication, and examined the role and training of varying EMT certifications within the New England area. The educational program utilized an interactive PowerPoint lecture, scenarios, group discussion, and handouts to facilitate learning. Seventeen SNA members from RIC attended the program which was evaluated through the use of a post education evaluation tool. 100% of program attendees completed the voluntary post education surveys. Analysis of post education evaluation tool results, which evaluated attendees interest in program content, presenters’ delivery of content, and the program design where predominantly positive. No participants strongly disagreed with any of the provided Likert scale questions. Educating RNs on the role and training of the varying healthcare professionals they routinely interact, receive, and transfer patient too will decrease communication errors, and improve quality of care.
High frequency jet ventilation in respiratory failure secondary to respiratory syncytial virus infection: A case series

Objective: To describe the utility of high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) as a rescue therapy in patients with respiratory failure secondary to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) that was refractory to conventional mechanical ventilation. Design: Descriptive study by retrospective chart review. Setting: Pediatric intensive care unit at a tertiary care children’s hospital. Patients: Infants on mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure due to RSV. Interventions: Use of high frequency jet ventilation. Main Results: Eleven patients were placed on HFJV. There was sustained improvement in ventilation on HFJV with a mean decrease in PCO2 of 9 mmHg at 24 hours and 11 mmHg at 72 hours. There were no significant changes in oxygenation by oxygenation index. No patients required extracorporeal support or suffered pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum or subcutaneous emphysema. Ten of 11 (91%) patients survived to discharge from the hospital. Conclusions: HFJV may represent an alternative therapy for RSV induced respiratory failure that is refractory to conventional mechanical ventilation.
Towards Equitable and Sustainable Urban Space: Introduction to Special Issue on “Urban Land and Sustainable Development”

The unprecedented wave of global urbanization has exerted increased pressure on urban land and made land-use sustainability an urgent concern. This Special Issue examines patterns, structures, and dynamics of urban land use from the economic, social, and, to a lesser extent, environmental standpoints, in light of the goal of equitable and sustainable development. This introduction discusses the background and design of the Special Issue and highlights the contribution of the selected papers.
Development of the Oriental Latrine Fly, Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae), at Five Constant Temperatures.

Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) is a forensically important fly that is found throughout the tropics and subtropics. We calculated the accumulated development time and transition points for each life stage from eclosion to adult emergence at five constant temperatures: 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ° C. For each transition, the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles were calculated with a logistic linear model. The mean transition times and % survivorship were determined directly from the raw laboratory data. Development times of C. megacephala were compared with that of two other closely related species, Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) and Phormia regina (Meigen). Ambient and larval mass temperatures were collected from field studies conducted from 2001–2004. Field study data indicated that adult fly activity was reduced at lower ambient temperatures, but once a larval mass was established, heat generation occurred. These development times and durations can be used for estimation of a postmortem interval (PMI).
Simultaneous measurement of in-plane and through-plane thermal conductivity using beam-offset frequency domain thermoreflectance

Transient thermoreflectance (TTR) techniques are ubiquitous methods for measuring thermal conductivity of bulk materials and thin-films. Both through-plane thermal conductivity k⊥ and in-plane thermal conductivity k∥ should be independently measured in transversely anisotropic materials. When these properties are measured using conventional TTR techniques, the accuracy of the k∥ measurement is dependent on the accuracy of measuring k⊥ and vice versa. This is especially problematic for thin-films measurements as uncertainty in k⊥ (∼5%) can propagate and grow for uncertainty in k∥. In this paper, we present a method for the simultaneous measurement of k⊥ and k∥ using beam-offset frequency domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) with robust uncertainty estimation. The conventional diffusive heat transfer solution is analyzed to show that offset and heating frequency can independently control the sensitivity to directional thermal conductivity and extract values for k∥ and k⊥. Numerical uncertainty analyses demonstrate that sweeping both heating frequency and beam offset results in a reduction of measurement uncertainty. This modified measurement technique is demonstrated on crystalline alumina (c-Al2O3), amorphous alumina (a-Al2O3), quartz, fused silica, and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite.
A Model to Predict Risk for Late Cytomegalovirus Reactivation after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematological Malignancies.

Abstract Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is associated with increased morbidity and mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). The incidence of “late” CMV reactivation occurring after post-SCT day 100 has increased over time. We analyzed clinical factors associated with the occurrence of late CMV antigenemia in a group of consecutive recipients of allogeneic SCT for hematological malignancies at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center surviving at least 100 days after SCT. Recipients of T cell depleted, syngeneic or cord blood grafts were excluded. 269 subjects at risk for CMV reactivation were studied with a median follow-up of 14 months after SCT; of these, 144 subjects (54%) experienced early CMV reactivation while 89 subjects (33%) experienced late CMV reactivation. In univariate analyses, factors associated with a significantly increased risk of late CMV reactivation included prior early CMV antigenemia, SCT for a lymphoid diagnosis (HR=2.4, p=0.002), use of a matched unrelated donor (MUD) or mismatched-related (MMR) donor (HR 1.8 vs. recipients of matched-related (MR) allografts, p=0.003), day 100 lymphocyte count Download : Download high-res image (221KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure
A new use for old photos: Archaeological landscape reconstruction in the Big Bend

The Flood Control Act of 1944 and the Pick-Sloan Plan1 were intended to provide flood relief and reliable sources of hydropower and irrigation water for the Missouri River Basin. Construction of th...
Cisplatin Analogs Confer Protection against Cyanide Poisoning

Cisplatin holds an illustrious position in the history of chemistry most notably for its role in the virtual cure of testicular cancer. Here we describe a role for this small molecule in cyanide detoxification in vivo. Cyanide kills organisms as diverse as insects, fish, and humans within seconds to hours. Current antidotes exhibit limited efficacy and are not amenable to mass distribution requiring the development of new classes of antidotes. The binding affinity of the cyanide anion for the positively charged metal platinum is known to create an extremely stable complex in vitro. We therefore screened a panel of diverse cisplatin analogs and identified compounds that conferred protection from cyanide poisoning in zebrafish, mice, and rabbits. Cumulatively, this discovery pipeline begins to establish the characteristics of platinum ligands that influence their solubility, toxicity, and efficacy, and provides proof of concept that platinum-based complexes are effective antidotes for cyanide poisoning.
Starstruck: Cosmic Visions in Science, Religion, and Folklore

Many social scientists, me included, believe that humanity is in an era of transition. It is generally agreed that, with roots in the nineteenth century, it began in earnest in the early twentieth ...
Intermittent hypoxia in utero damages postnatal growth and cardiovascular function in rats.

Obstructive sleep apnea is common in human pregnancy. Following maternal exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia, a hallmark of sleep apnea, both sexes of rat offspring showed growth retardation, ...
The Case for Hippos in Colombia

Drug lord Pablo Escobar imported 4 Hippopotamuses ( Hippopotamus amphibius ) onto his private estate in Colombia in the 1980s. Since his arrest and assassination, the hippos have escaped the confines of the property and have begun to reproduce in the wild of Colombia. They now number approximately 60 individuals. The presence of such a large, and possibly dangerous, species in a new habitat raises several moral and ecological questions and dilemmas. It is unknown what effect these animals may have on their new environment, or the threat that they pose to the people living near them. In an effort to mitigate possible risks to the environment and local populations the Colombian government initiated an effort to castrate all males in the herd. However, it is unlikely that these efforts will be very effective in curbing the population growth of the animals. South America lost most of its large species of animals during the Quaternary Extinction and it is possible that the hippos are filling a gap that still exists in the ecology of the continent. The rewilding efforts occurring around the world aim to restore and protect natural processes and habitats by introducing (or reintroducing) apex predators or keystone species. Perhaps further research could shed light on possible positive influences that the Hippos have on the South American environment and responsible ways to avoid risks to local populations.
Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization and Human Cell Cycle Genes

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a technique of nucleic acid hybridization that permits the microscopic visualization of a nucleic acid target. FISH is primarily used to map genes to their respective chromosomal locations, but has many other potential applications to the study of human cell cycle genes.
From Here I Saw What Happened and I Cried: Carrie Mae Weems’ Challenge to the Harvard Archive

In the early 1990s, the artist Carrie Mae Weems appropriated daguerreotypes of enslaved people that are housed in Harvard University’s Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. These incendiary images of Drana, Jack, Renty and Delia had been commissioned by Harvard Zoology Professor Louis Agassiz in the mid-1800s, supposedly in order to illustrate his theory of racial difference. However, Weems had signed a contract with the Peabody promising not to use the images without their permission, and she did not seek such approval before including the daguerreotypes in her now-famous series "From Here I Saw What Happened and I Cried." Harvard threatened to sue Weems on the grounds of copyright infringement and breach of contract, though when Weems invited Harvard to conduct what she understood to be a difficult conversation about law, history, and race "in the courts," Harvard demurred.In this essay, I consider the copyright and contract claims that Harvard might have depended upon in its litigation. With respect to the copyright infringement claim, I query whether the fair use doctrine’s requirement that an appropriator "transform" borrowed images or text might have provided Weems with a defense. This question ushers me into an extended meditation on the meaning of transformation as it relates to art, history, law, seeing, and slavery. I also query whether Harvard actually owned these images at all; such property ownership proves the foundation for their contract claim. I conclude that Harvard did indeed own these daguerreotypes, but struggle against that determination, since this property was wrested from Drana, Jack, Renty and Delia through violence and atrocity. In the interests of peace, remembrance, and racial justice, I maintain that no valid property law should recognize such a chain of title. Borrowing from the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, I draft a proposed law that would recognize the relics of enslaved people as cultural property and require the federally funded museums that now own them to give them back to the descendants of America’s enslaved peoples.
Legal Separation: The Relationship between the Law School and the Central University in the Late Nineteenth Century

Using Yale Law School as an example, this Article describes the interaction between university-affiliated law schools and the larger university during a crucial period in the development of legal education: the last third of the nineteenth century. At the same time, the Article contrasts Yale with other law schools of the day to show what made Yale unique and how Yale’s nineteenth-century idiosyncrasies would come to shape legal education at other schools in the twentieth century. Part I examines the university administration’s attitude toward the law school and how it typified law school-university relations in the late nineteenth century. Part II assesses the educational philosophies of the law school faculty, comparing and contrasting their views on legal education and professionalization with those of other law teachers of the time. Understanding this period in Yale’s development provides insights into law school-university relations and the prevailing justification for university-affiliated legal education after the Civil War.
Propylthiouracil-induced chemical hypothyroidism with high-dose tamoxifen prolongs survival in recurrent high grade glioma: a phase I/II study.

Background High-dose tamoxifen has had disappointing results as a palliative therapy in recurrent glioma. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a thyroid hormone modulated naturally occurring antagonist of tamoxifen-induced cytotoxicity. Thyroid function was suppressed to reduce IGF-1 levels in glioma patients and high-dose tamoxifen administered. Materials and methods Propylthiouracil was used to induce chemical hypothyroidism in 22 patients with recurrent glioma. Tamoxifen was started within one month and given in escalating doses from 40 mg twice a day up to 80 mg 3 times a day. No significant toxicity developed. Results Eleven out of 22 patients became hypothyroid. No patients experienced symptoms of clinical hypothyroidism. Median survival was significantly longer in the hypothyroid group (10.1 months versus 3.1 months); p = 0.03. There was a significant decrease in blood levels of IGF-1 (p = 0.02). in hypothyroid patients. Conclusion Patients treated for recurrent high-grade gliomas with high-dose tamoxifen had significantly longer survival when chemical hypothyroidism was induced with propylthiouracil.
Misrepresentation: The Restatement's Second Mistake

The contract defenses of mistake and misrepresentation, while conceptually distinct in theory, contain an inefficient amount of overlap in practice. This is because a misrepresentation of one party, when believed, results in a mistaken belief of the other. Each produces a failure of consent resulting from at least one party’s misconception of the facts, and each may result in rescission coupled with restitution. The coextensiveness of the defenses suggests that, absent an overriding normative justification, the legal test and remedy should be the same for each. Such a normative justification exists only in the case of fraudulent misrepresentation which, unlike mistake or non-fraudulent misrepresentation, involves the intentional infliction of a dignitary harm. In such cases, punishment and deterrence are appropriate normative goals. Because punishment and deterrence are best achieved through provision of a punitive remedy rather than through determination of the remedy’s availability, they present no impediment to the adoption of a single defense in lieu of separate defenses of mistake and misrepresentation. Furthermore, punishment and deterrence are not fully achieved by the commonly available remedy of rescission coupled with restitution, which may impose reputational cost but leaves the wrongdoer in a financial position no worse than if fraud had not been committed. Accordingly, this Article recommends the adoption of a single defense of misconception coupled with a grant of discretion to courts for punitive damages in cases of fraud. Eliminating separate defenses and allowing an expanded remedy on the basis of intentionally false assertions would promote simplicity, efficiency, and predictability while buttressing the unique role of the fraud defense in contract law.
ω-3 PUFAs, Breast and Prostate Cancer: Experimental Studies

Although human epidemiological and clinical studies to date have failed to provide conclusive data on a protective effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on breast and prostate cancer, cell culture and animal studies present a more positive story. Experimental models investigated include various human cancer cell lines, rats with chemically induced tumors, mice with transplantable and human xenograft tumors, and, more recently, transgenic models. They have suggested a number of biological targets for ω-3 PUFAs that impact cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasiveness, and metastasis, i.e., ω-3 PUFAs may have multifactorial properties in preventing and inhibiting cancer. These models have uncovered numerous mechanisms for the anti-cancer activity of ω-3 PUFAs with the most frequently cited being their ability to block the metabolism of ω-6 PUFAs into agents that promote many facets of the malignant behavior of cancer cells.
Discharge destination following pancreaticoduodenectomy: A NSQIP analysis of predictive factors and post-discharge outcomes.

Abstract Introduction Pancreaticoduodenectomy is a complex surgical procedure. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated non-home discharge destination and to characterize outcomes after non-home discharge. Methods 10,719 pancreaticoduodenectomy cases contained in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Targeted Pancreatectomy dataset (years 2014–2016) were examined with univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results 1336 patients (12.5%) were discharged to rehabilitation, skilled care, or acute care facilities. Preoperative factors significantly associated with non-home discharge on multivariate analysis were female gender, older age, elevated BMI, poor functional status or dyspnea, smoking, low albumin, COPD, and ascites. Intraoperative factors significantly associated with non-home discharge destination on multivariate analysis were longer operative time, open surgery, softer pancreatic texture, drain placement, and jejunostomy tube placement. A nomogram was generated for estimating probability of non-home discharge immediately after surgery. Conclusion Preoperative and intraoperative factors can be used to predict probability of non-home discharge immediately after completion of pancreaticoduodenectomy.
The Development of a Program to Assist Schoolage Children in Coping with the Death of a Classmate

Cancer remains the leading cause of death in children due to disease in the United States. Approximately 6,400 children are diagnosed with cancer each year. It is a fact, that although the survival rate has increased over the past two decades, approximately one-half of these children will succumb to their disease. Often, children who have failed to respond to treatment may wish to continue to attend school and participate in extracurricular activities with their peers, as long as physically possible. Most children are aware they are dying and will share this information frankly with their friends and classmates. This information may be viewed as frightening and confusing by their fellow students.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1‐[2‐Cyano‐3,12‐dioxooleana‐1,9(11)‐dien‐28‐oyl]‐4‐ethynylimidazole. A Novel and Highly Potent Antiinflammatory and Cytoprotective Agent.

A small series of new N-acyl(acetylenic)imidazole analogues (I) is synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activity.
Developmental comparisons of boars and barrows: I. Growth rate, carcass and muscle characteristics.

The rate of gain, carcass measurements and three muscles were evaluated in 65 crossbred boars representing 13 litters that were allotted at 4 wk of age to slaughter weight and treatment groups as follows: 1) 105 kg, castrated; 2) 105 kg, intact; 3) 118 kg, intact; 4) 132 kg, intact and 5) 145 kg, intact. One barrow and four boars within a litter constituted a replicate and each replicate was penned separately. The growth rate of all boars to 105 kg constituted one group and was compared with the growth rate of barrows to 105 kg live body weight. Average daily gain from 4 wk until 105 kg did not differ significantly between boars and barrows. Growth rate of the boars continued at an increasing rate until they reached 87.3 kg live weight, while maximum daily gain of barrows occurred at 76.3 kg live weight or 11 kg less than that of boars. At 105 kg, boars had 31.3% less 10th rib backfat thickness and 2.9% greater carcass length than barrows, but longissimus muscle area did not differ. Barrows had greater backfat thickness at 105 kg than 145-kg boars. As live weight increased from 105 to 145 kg, carcass length, 10th rib backfat thickness and longissimus area of boars increased (P less than .01) linearly. Fat-free muscle weights of the brachialis (BR), semitendinosus (ST) and longissimus (L) did not differ between boars and barrows at 105 kg. Boars at 105 kg had 1.3 and 1.7% more moisture in the BR and ST, respectively, than barrows. Percentage protein, total intramuscular fat and fiber diameter in the BR, ST and L muscles did not differ between boars and barrows at 105 kg or with increasing live weight in boars. Total RNA increased linearly (P less than .05) in the BR and ST as boars increased in live weight from 105 to 145 kg.
Does Surveillance-Detected Disease Progression Yield Superior Patient Outcomes in High-Grade Glioma?

Background Standard follow-up care for patients with high-grade glioma (HGG) involves routine surveillance imaging to detect disease progression, assess treatment response, and monitor clinical symptoms. Although logical in nature, evidence supporting this practice is limited. We hypothesize patients with tumor recurrence detected on routine surveillance imaging will experience superior outcomes relative to symptomatic detection, using measures of survival and postrecurrence neurologic function. Methods Adult patients receiving treatment for HGG at our institution from 2004 to 2018 were identified, and data including tumor characteristics, imaging results, neurologic status, and survival were extracted from the medical records of patients meeting inclusion criteria. All participants were followed for a minimum of 12 months, or for survival duration. Survival and neurologic function differences were assessed using log rank and 2-sample t tests with 2-sided 0.05 alpha level of significance. Results Of the 74 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 47 (63.5%) had recurrence detected via routine surveillance imaging, and 27 (36.5%) had symptomatic detection outside of the surveillance schedule. Neither median overall survival (14.8 months for surveillance and 15.7 months for symptomatic; P = 0.600) nor postrecurrence neurologic function (assessed by Karnofsky Performance Scale Index and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) differed between the surveillance and symptomatic detection groups (P = 0.699 and P = 0.908, respectively). Conclusions Recurrence detection occurring via routine surveillance imaging did not yield superior patient outcomes relative to symptomatic detection occurring outside of the standard surveillance schedule in patients with HGG. Further evaluation of surveillance imaging and alternative follow-up methods for this patient population may be warranted.