cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Healing and prophecy in the black spiritual churches: A need for re‐examination

The beliefs and healing and prophecy rituals of the New Orleans black Spiritual churches are similar to those of Spiritualism, a largely white movement, and Espiritismo and Santeria among Hispanics. Whereas researchers have criticized or ignored the Spiritual churches' therapeutic efforts, they have often described the others as beneficial. This article compares the religions and suggests that the therapy provided by Spiritual churches be re-examined. Instead of using a socio-medical paradigm, I analyze data collected through participant observation and ethnohistory in terms of healing in a religious context. People bring their "problems" to the Spiritual churches, and participate in rituals that draw on the religion's complex belief system. Worshipers experience wholeness and healing as their temporal lives and problems are linked to the eternal through the churches' use of a style of black cultural expression, asymmetry.
What matters in semantic feature processing for persons with stroke-aphasia: Evidence from an auditory concept–feature verification task

Background: The relationship between object concept domains (living vs. nonliving) and their underlying feature structures is a frequent area of investigation regarding semantic processing in healthy individuals and some individuals with neuropsychological impairment resulting from herpes simplex encephalitis, semantic dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. However, this relationship has been less well investigated in persons with stroke-aphasia (PWA), even though many treatments for anomia following stroke are predicated on the use of semantic feature cues.Aims: As part of a larger investigation into the influence of semantic feature processing on naming for PWA, this study examined the ability of PWA to confirm the relations between object concepts and associated semantic features.Methods & Procedures: Fifteen native English-speaking, right-handed individuals with post-stroke-aphasia responded yes or no via button press to feature verification questions designed to probe the relationships between concept do...
Verification of a Simplified Method to Evaluate the Capacities of Template-Type Platforms

This paper summarizes development of simplified procedures to evaluate storm loadings imposed on template-type platforms and to evaluate the ultimate limit state lateral loading capacities of such platforms. Verification of these procedures has been accomplished by comparing results from the simplified analyses with results from three dimensional, linear and nonlinear analyses of a variety of template-type platforms. Good agreement between results from the two types of analyses has been developed for the evaluations of both loadings and capacities. The verification platforms have included four-leg well protector and quarters structures and eight-leg drilling and production Gulf of Mexico structures that employed a variety of types of bracing patterns and joints. Several of these structures were subjected to intense hurricane storm loadings during hurricanes Andrew, Carmen, and Frederic. Within the population of verification platforms are several that failed or were very near failure. The simplified loading and capacity analyses are able to replicate the observed performance of these platforms. Realistic simulation of the brace joints and foundation capacity characteristics are critical aspects of these analyses. There is a reasonable degree of verification of the simplified methods with the observed performance of platforms in the field during intense hurricane storm loadings. These methodsmore » can be used to help screen platforms that are being evaluated for extended service. In addition, the results from these analyses can be used to help verify results from complex analytical models that are intended to determine the ultimate limit state loading capacities of platforms. Lastly, and perhaps most importantly this approach can be used in the preliminary design of new platforms.« less
The magnetic structures of RbNiCl3 and CsNiCl3

Abstract Powder neutron diffraction measurements were performed on RbNiCl3 and CsNiCl3 at temperatures above and below their respective Neel temperatures of 11°K and 4.5°K. The magnetic superlattice reflections for both compounds can be indexed on the basis of a hexagonal unit cell with dimensions a = 3 a 0 and c = c0, where a0 and c0 are the dimensions of the chemical unit cell. The magnetic structure is found to consist of an antiferromagnetic sequence of the spins along the c axis chains, along with a screw spiral propagating in the basal plane. The wavelength of the screw spiral is commensurate with the lattice, and has a value of 3a 0 2 . Single crystal measurements on RbNiCl3 have shown that for Γ ⪢ Γn the compound exhibits scattering behavior that is characteristic of a one-dimensional magnetic system.
Checkpoints: controls that ensure the order of cell cycle events

The events of the cell cycle of most organisms are ordered into dependent pathways in which the initiation of late events is dependent on the completion of early events. In eukaryotes, for example, mitosis is dependent on the completion of DNA synthesis. Some dependencies can be relieved by mutation (mitosis may then occur before completion of DNA synthesis), suggesting that the dependency is due to a control mechanism and not an intrinsic feature of the events themselves. Control mechanisms enforcing dependency in the cell cycle are here called checkpoints. Elimination of checkpoints may result in cell death, infidelity in the distribution of chromosomes or other organelles, or increased susceptibility to environmental perturbations such as DNA damaging agents. It appears that some checkpoints are eliminated during the early embryonic development of some organisms; this fact may pose special problems for the fidelity of embryonic cell division.
Apical aortic cannulation: Application of an old method with new paraphernalia

An instrument assembly consisting of a special aortic cross-clamp and double-lumen perfusion cannula is presented. The application of these instruments allows occlusion of the ascending aorta traversed by the perfusion cannula inserted directly or through the apex of the heart as well as simultaneous left ventricular venting.
Localization of mouse satellite DNA in constitutive heterochromatin.

Abstract Sonication of nuclei from the liver and brain of male mice yields three chromatin fractions with different sedimentation characteristics: a constitutive heterochromatin fraction which sediments at 3500 g, an intermediate chromatin fraction which sediments at 78,000 g and a euchromatin fraction which is recovered by precipitation with ethanol. Cesium chloride gradient centrifugation of DNA extracted from the three fractions revealed that the DNA from the constitutive heterochromatin is composed primarily of satellite DNA and represents in excess of 70% of the satellite DNA of the genome. The implications of this findings are discussed.
A modification of the instructions to Holland's Self-Directed Search

Abstract A modification of the instructions to the Activities and Competencies sections of Holland's Self-Directed Search to allow users more flexibility in responding to items was compared to the standard set of instructions appearing in these sections in terms of resulting summary codes for the instrument and satisfaction with summary codes. Fifty male and female freshman college students between the ages of 17 and 19 were administered two versions of the SDS one week apart: one containing the standard instructions and one containing the modified instructions. Satisfaction with each resulting summary code was assessed via a 5-point Likert item. A control group of 26 subjects received the standard version of the instrument on two occasions one week apart. Results of the study indicated that the modified instructions did significantly alter users' summary codes in terms of an actual change in letter although users were not more satisfied with these summary codes. In general, satisfaction with both sets of summary codes was quite high and the modified instructions produced significantly higher scores on certain subscales of the instrument.
Confidentiality and freedom of information for epidemiological data in governmental research.

Abstract The issues of confidentiality and freedom of information are discussed for studies involving health surveillance around point sources of pollution. The problems discussed are related to protecting data after a study has been initiated. Research studies describing the impact of confidentiality on response rates are discussed. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's current and proposed procedures for handling and releasing these data are presented. These can be used by other agencies in defining their security procedures
Application of open-ended coaxial probes for detection of sand production from petroleum wells

Microwave nondestructive testing (NDT) has shown success in many industries including aerospace and infrastructure. Recently the potential for applying microwave NDT methods in the petroleum industry, specifically for detection of sand in produced petroleum fluids, was investigated. Flowing sand grains cause erosion of many components in the production system including tubing, piping and associated connections, and fluids-processing equipment. Detection of produced sand is important to planning operations and the application of sand production mitigation techniques. To this end, a simple, cost-effective microwave sensor design has been considered. This paper presents simulation and measurement results for this simplified sensor design for various production scenarios. The results indicate the proposed sensing method is sensitive to the presence of sand and may have the potential to serve as a tool for detection of produced sand in the petroleum industry.
TiReX: Replica-exchange molecular dynamics using Tinker

We present a driver program for performing replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations with the Tinker package. Parallelization is based on the Message Passing Interface, with every replica assigned to a separate process. The algorithm is not communication intensive, which makes the program suitable for running even on loosely coupled cluster systems. Particular attention is paid to the practical aspects of analyzing the program output.
Unimolecular Reactions of Vibrationally Excited CF2ClCHFCH3 and CF2ClCHFCD3: Evidence for the 1,2-FCl Interchange Pathway

Chemically activated CF2ClCHFCH3 and CF2ClCHFCD3 molecules were prepared with 94 kcal mol-1 of vibrational energy by the recombination of CF2ClCHF and CH3(CD3) radicals at room temperature. The unimolecular reaction pathways were 2,3-FH(FD) elimination, 1,2-ClF interchange and 1,2-ClH elimination; the interchange produces CF3CHClCH3(CF3CHClCD3) with 105 kcal mol-1 of vibrational energy. Rate constants for CF2ClCHFCH3 [CF2ClCHFCD3] were (3.1 ± 0.4) × 106 s-1 [(1.0 ± 0.1) × 106 s-1] for 2,3-FH [FD] loss, (1.5 ± 0.2) × 106 s-1 [(8.3 ± 0.9) × 105 s-1] for 1,2-ClF interchange, and (8.2 ± 1.0) × 105 s-1 [(5.3 ± 0.6) × 105 s-1] for 1,2-ClH [DCl] loss. These correspond to branching fractions of 0.55 ± 0.06 [0.43 ± 0.04] for 2,3-FH [FD] loss, 0.29 ± 0.03 [0.35 ± 0.04] for 1,2-ClF interchange, and 0.16 ± 0.02 [0.22 ± 0.02] for 1,2-ClH [ClD] loss. Kinetic-isotope effects were 3.0 ± 0.6 for 2,3-FH [FD] loss, 1.6 ± 0.3 for 1,2-ClH loss, and 1.8 ± 0.4 for 1,2-ClF interchange. The CF3CHClCH3 (CF3CHClCD3) molecules forme...
SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF PHOTON ECHOES FROM CONTINUUM STATES IN SEMICONDUCTORS

We study the dynamics of coherent emission of a semiconductor within the framework of the semiconductor Bloch equations, both in the time domain and in real space for various excitation conditions. We find that the spatial properties of the four-wave-mixing (FWM) response reflect the well-known temporal dynamics. For excitation high above the band edge, the FWM signal is emitted as a photon echo. This photon echo from continuum states of a semiconductor has the same dynamical properties as a photon echo from inhomogeneously broadened uncoupled two-level systems. However, unlike the case of two-level atoms, the polarization of the photon echo from the semiconductor continuum extends over macroscopic distances in real space. The implications of the large spatial extent of the photon echo polarization are discussed. In particular, we show that, in spite of the macroscopic size of the photon echo polarization, the wavelength of the exciting light can still be neglected.
Design management of sustainability values: a learning organization perspective

Sustainable issues are complex and intertwined, transcending traditional project boundaries and calling for a design process that supports innovation and learning. The aim of this study is to investigate how and why the management of sustainability values poses a challenge for a design team. Case study research is selected to leverage industry knowledge and the innovation of Target Value Design (TVD), an integrated design management process with a focus on client value delivery. Since one of the most challenging aspects of sustainability is its systemic nature, the design team is evaluated through the lens of a learning organization, which is grounded in systems thinking. While the TVD process supports value delivery from an organizational perspective, the evaluation of the findings points to three key considerations that affect the delivery of sustainability beyond the measures of green building criteria. First, the need to articulate explicit sustainability values in order to build a shared vision and a...
In situ proton irradiation-induced creep at very high temperature

Abstract This objective of this work was to develop an experimental facility that can perform in situ high temperature proton irradiation-induced creep experiments on a range of materials. This was achieved by designing an irradiation chamber and stage that allows for load application and removal, provides a method for controlling and monitoring temperature and proton flux, and a means to make in situ measurement of dimensional change of the samples during the experiment. Initial experiments on POCO Graphite Inc. ZXF-5Q grade ultra-fine grain samples irradiated at 1000 °C at a damage rate of 1.15 × 10 −6 dpa/s exhibited a linear dependence of measured creep rate on applied stress over a range of stresses from 10 MPa to 40 MPa.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR): High Incidence of Mutation C677T in Ashkenazi Jewish Population

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR): High Incidence of Mutation C677T in Ashkenazi Jewish Population
A multiscale DEM-LBM analysis on permeability evolutions inside a dilatant shear band

This paper presents a multiscale analysis of a dilatant shear band using a three-dimensional discrete element method and a lattice Boltzmann/finite element hybrid scheme. In particular, three-dimensional simple shear tests are conducted via the discrete element method. A spatial homogenization is performed to recover the macroscopic stress from the micro-mechanical force chains. The pore geometries of the shear band and host matrix are quantitatively evaluated through morphology analyses and lattice Boltzmann/finite element flow simu- lations. Results from the discrete element simulations imply that grain sliding and rotation occur predominately with the shear band. These granular motions lead to dila- tion of pore space inside the shear band and increases in local permeability. While considerable anisotropy in the contact fabric is observed with the shear band, anisotropy of the permeability is, at most, modest in the assemblies composed of spherical grains.
Temporal geochemical variations in volatile emissions from Mount St. Helens, USA, 1980–1994

Abstract Fumarole discharges (95–560°C) collected from the dacite dome inside Mount St. Helens crater show temporal changes in their isotopic and chemical compositions. A δ D vs. δ 18 O plot shows that condensed waters from the gases are mixtures of meteoric and magmatic components, but that the apparent magmatic end-member in 1994 was depleted by about 7‰ in δ D relative to the apparent end-member in 1980. Based on δ D modeling, approximately 63% of shallow, post-1980 magma has yet to degas. Surprisingly, Cl and F contents in the 1994 samples were only 0.47 and 3.8%, respectively, of the concentrations determined for end-member magmatic fluid in 1980. The data indicate that Cl (and F and B) is degassed from magma relatively quickly compared to water and/or that most of the Cl degassed in later years is dissolved into the shallow Mount St. Helens hydrothermal system. Because metals are often transported in magmatic and hydrothermal fluids as Cl complexes, rapid changes in surface volatile compositions may have implications for the timing and location of metals transport and deposition in some volcanoes.
On the Structure of Low-Frequency Equatorial Waves

Abstract We examine the effects of realistically sheared mean currents on low-frequency, low baroclinic mode equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves. Mean flows can induce significant small-scale zonal velocity fluctuations near the surface, can reduce pressure and velocity variations near the surface relative to those at depth, and can shift zero crossings by O(100 m). Thus the structure of dynamical modes is different than that given by the traditional model decomposition for waves in a resting ocean.
Mode‐coupling theory for self‐diffusion in polymer blends and blend solutions

The microscopic polymer mode‐coupling theory is generalized to treat diffusion in unentangled and entangled homogeneous polymer blends. Concentration fluctuations are shown to result in additional frictional resistance to chain translation, due to physical clustering and nonrandom mixing effects. The modification of the pure component effective friction coefficient depends sensitively on polymer degree of polymerization, temperature, blend composition, solution density, and nonuniversal local structure. Stronger effects are predicted for entangled systems near a liquid–liquid phase boundary. Model calculations and analytic results are presented for self‐diffusion in structurally symmetric binary mixtures. Our predictions are qualitatively consistent with existing experimental measurements. Based on the theory, new experiments are suggested for blends in which the influence of concentration fluctuations on measured diffusion constants is maximized.
Uncertainty as a function of grammatical class size

The results of this study strongly suggest that the parts of speech system in traditional grammar may serve an important function in the human coding process. A significant and positive correlation was found between coder's uncertainty for specific parts of speech in a coding task and the number of word types available for their selection in each part of speech class. This finding suggests that the parts of speech system, rather than being an arbitrary classification system imposed on language students by grammarians, may function as a type of preverbal filter system in the encoding process of translating ideas into verbal messages.
Highly clustered zein gene sequences reveal evolutionary history of the multigene family.

Abstract We have determined the nucleotide sequences of zein cDNA clones ZG14, ZG15, and ZG35. The three clones have 95 to 98% homology to the previously published sequence of clone A20, and 84% homology to sequences of the zein subfamily A30. Comparison of all sequences of the A30 and A20 subfamilies highlights the following features: the 5′ nontranslated regions are 68 and 57 nucleotides in length for the A20- and A30-like mRNAs, respectively, and contain at least three repeats of the consensus sequence ACGAACAAta gG ; the majority of these genes are highly clustered as judged from pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of high molecular weight maize DNA. Furthermore, we discuss a model for the evolution of the multigene family which stresses the special importance of unequal crossing-over and gene conversion in this system.
Rapid regulation of electrolyte absorption in sweat duct

Even though the same Cl channel (CFTR) is common to certain fluid transport functions that are oppositely directed, i.e., secretion and absorption, only fluid secretion has clearly been shown to be acutely regulated. It is now clear that fluid secretion activated by β-adrenergic stimulation is controlled by cAMP-mediated opening and closing of CFTR-Cl channels. Since the conductance of the human sweat duct is almost wholly due to CFTR-Cl conductance (CFTR-GCl), we sought to determine whether salt absorption via CFTR-Cl channels could also be subject to acute regulation in this purely absorptive epithelium. After α-toxin permeabilization, we found that addition of cAMP resulted in a large increase in Cl diffusion potentials across the apical membrane and a more than twofold increase in the average membrane conductance. Since the cAMP effects were dependent on Cl alone, not on Na, and since apical Cl conductance appears to be almost exclusively comprised of CFTR-GCl, we surmise that this form of electrolyte absorption like secretion is also subject to acute control through CFTR-GCl. Acute regulation of absorption involves both activation by phosphorylation (PKA) and inactivation by dephosphorylation (unknown endogenous phosphatase) of CFTR. Phosphorylation of CFTR was shown by the facts that CFTR-GCl could be activated by cAMP and inhibited by the kinase antagonist staurosporine, or by removal of either substrate ATP or Mg2+ cofactor. Inactivation of CFTR-GCl by endogenous phosphatase(s) was indicated by a spontaneous but reversible loss of CFTR-GCl upon removal of cAMP. Such loss of CFTR-GCl activity could be prevented either by application of phosphatase inhibitors or by using phosphatase-resistant ATP-γ-S as substrate to phosphorylate CFTR. We surmise that absorptive function is subject to rapid regulation which can be switched “on” and “off” acutely by a control system that is common to both absorptive and secretory processes and that this control is crucial to switching between conductive and nonconductive transport mechanisms during salt absorption.
Writing Public Policy: A Practicum

Practical experience teaches the difficulty and the messiness of democratic public policy processes. A discourse analytic perspective on rhetorical action in the institutional settings of policy work reveals the dynamics of effective agency. By simulating practical experience and by developing a discourse analytic perspective, academic instruction in professional and technical communication can show students what elected officials, governmental staff, and non‐profit non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) do to make or to implement policy.
A comparison of employment growth and stability before and after the Fort Worth tornado

Abstract This study examined the time series pattern of employment growth and stability in Fort Worth, Texas taking into account the March 28, 2000 tornado. The tornado is treated econometrically as an intervention and both the mean and conditional variance of employment growth were estimated. Overall, this regional labor market experienced a decline in the employment growth rate following the tornado. Among the sectors that exhibited differences in employment dynamics between the pre- and post-tornado periods, the mining sector experienced a significant increase in employment growth following the tornado while the service andwholesale, retail trade sectors experienced significant declines in employment growth in the post-tornado period. The manufacturing, service, and wholesale, retail trade sectors were characterized by greater stability (i.e., a lower level of employment growth volatility) in the post-tornado period than in the pre-tornado period. Interestingly, in several sectors, no differences in th...
Importance of Blue Crab Life History for Stock Enhancement and Spatial Management of the Fishery in Chesapeake Bay

Due to over-harvesting and habitat degradation, spawning stock abundance and biomass of the Chesapeake Bay blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) has declined over 80% in the last 15 years. In addition, only a small portion (11–22%) of the spawning stock migrates successfully to the historic spawning areas of the lower estuary. As a result, recent management goals to decrease harvests and increase spawning stock biomass have been adopted by the different Chesapeake Bay regulatory agencies. The crisis has also prompted an experimental assessment of the potential for stock enhancement to increase the number of spawners. While much of the current stock enhancement work has focused on assessing the competency of hatchery-reared individuals and identifying key processes that optimize survival and growth of juveniles to maturity, less attention has been paid to examining factors that influence the long-term efficacy of stock enhancement efforts. Here we discuss important interactions between blue crab life history, st...
Antiferromagnetism of Manganese

Measurements of resistance and thermoelectric power of Mn show anomalies near the N\'eel temperature. A thermocouple of degassed Mn and nondegassed Mn gives evidence of a Mn transition at 100\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.
Short-contact anthralin treatment augments therapeutic efficacy of cyclosporine in psoriasis: A clinical and pathologic study

Abstract Background: Psoriasis is characterized by immune activation and increased epidermal proliferation. Cyclosporine acts by reducing T lymphocyte numbers and lymphokine production. Anthralin inhibits keratinocyte proliferation. Objective: We investigated whether topical anthralin would augment clearing of psoriasis produced by systemic cyclosporine. Methods: Twelve patients with psoriasis were treated with cyclosporine (5 mg/kg per day). Patients applied anthralin only to plaques on half of their body. They were treated until a remission or maximum benefit was achieved. Disease activity was assessed by a severity index and quantitative histopathologic markers. Results: Of the 12 patients, the skin of five cleared within 10 weeks irrespective of anthralin use. The other seven (slow responders) continued treatment for a mean of 18 weeks. Slow responders had a significantly lower severity index, a thinner epidermis, fewer CD8 + cells, and fewer proliferating keratinocytes on the anthralin-treated side than on the non-anthralin-treated side. Conclusion: The combination of cyclosporine and topical anthralin is effective in patients who are slow to respond to cyclosporine alone.
Hands-on instruction across the miles: Using a web tutorial to teach the literature review research process

Abstract A Web tutorial was developed by the author to approximate the experience of guided hands-on library instruction for distance learners The presentation of the literature review process as a linked series of problems to solve, suggested a systems thinking approach A diagram to provide both a conceptual overview of the library research process and a navigational tool for the tutorial was designed The author presents the development of the idea for the tutorial, describes its contents, and discusses its use with students
Study of natural convection in supercritical CO2 cold wall reactors: Simulations and experiments

Abstract Fluid flow patterns and temperature profiles within cold wall, high pressure supercritical fluid (SCF) reactors were investigated by simulation and experiment at conditions relevant to the deposition of copper and other metals for applications in microelectronics. Steep thermal gradients between the heated platen, the bulk fluid, and the reactor walls produce large density gradients in the supercritical fluid. Rayleigh numbers are in excess of 1 × 10 10 and the flow is highly turbulent. Natural convection and buoyancy forces dominate the flow within the reactor in both the batch (closed domain) and continuous flow (open domain) configurations. The situation is unlike that in low pressure chemical vapor deposition reactors in which thermal gradients do not give rise to significant density gradients, flow is laminar, and forced convection dominates natural convection. Temperature distributions and flow patterns within cylindrical cold wall reactors containing supercritical carbon dioxide were simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and conjugate heat transfer calculations. Good agreement with experiment was achieved. The implications of the results for reactor design are discussed.
Experimental and Computational Studies of Binding of Dinitrogen, Nitriles, Azides, Diazoalkanes, Pyridine, and Pyrazines to M(PR3)2(CO)3 (M = Mo, W; R = Me, iPr).†

The enthalpies of binding of a number of N-donor ligands to the complex Mo(P(i)Pr(3))(2)(CO)(3) in toluene have been determined by solution calorimetry and equilibrium measurements. The measured binding enthalpies span a range of approximately 10 kcal mol(-1): DeltaH(binding) = -8.8 +/- 1.2 (N(2)-Mo(P(i)Pr(3))(2)(CO)(3)); -10.3 +/- 0.8 (N(2)); -11.2 +/- 0.4 (AdN(3) (Ad = 1-adamantyl)); -13.8 +/- 0.5 (N(2)CHSiMe(3)); -14.9 +/- 0.9 (pyrazine = pz); -14.8 +/- 0.6 (2,6-Me(2)pz); -15.5 +/- 1.8 (Me(2)NCN); -16.6 +/- 0.4 (CH(3)CN); -17.0 +/- 0.4 (pyridine); -17.5 +/- 0.8 ([4-CH(3)pz][PF(6)] (in tetrahydrofuran)); -17.6 +/- 0.4 (C(6)H(5)CN); -18.6 +/- 1.8 (N(2)CHC( horizontal lineO)OEt); and -19.3 +/- 2.5 kcal mol(-1) (pz)Mo(P(i)Pr(3))(2)(CO)(3)). The value for the isonitrile AdNC (-29.0 +/- 0.3) is 12.3 kcal mol(-1) more exothermic than that of the nitrile AdCN (-16.7 +/- 0.6 kcal mol(-1)). The enthalpies of binding of a range of arene nitrile ligands were also studied, and remarkably, most nitrile complexes were clustered within a 1 kcal mol(-1) range despite dramatic color changes and variation of nu(CN). Computed structural and spectroscopic parameters for the complexes Mo(P(i)Pr(3))(2)(CO)(3)L are in good agreement with experimental data. Computed binding enthalpies for Mo(P(i)Pr(3))(2)(CO)(3)L exhibit considerable scatter and are generally smaller compared to the experimental values, but relative agreement is reasonable. Computed enthalpies of binding using a larger basis set for Mo(PMe(3))(2)(CO)(3)L show a better fit to experimental data than that for Mo(P(i)Pr(3))(2)(CO)(3)L using a smaller basis set. Crystal structures of Mo(P(i)Pr(3))(2)(CO)(3)(AdCN), W(P(i)Pr(3))(2)(CO)(3)(Me(2)NCN), W(P(i)Pr(3))(2)(CO)(3)(2,6-F(2)C(6)H(3)CN), W(P(i)Pr(3))(2)(CO)(3)(2,4,6-Me(3)C(6)H(2)CN), W(P(i)Pr(3))(2)(CO)(3)(2,6-Me(2)pz), W(P(i)Pr(3))(2)(CO)(3)(AdCN), Mo(P(i)Pr(3))(2)(CO)(3)(AdNC), and W(P(i)Pr(3))(2)(CO)(3)(AdNC) are reported.
Preventing deep vein thrombosis: a perioperative nursing imperative.

tacted the Patient Safety First column coordinator to share a concern about surgeons not consistently ordering prophylactic measures for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). For example, she reported several instances in which patients did not have sequential compression devices (SCD) in place when their application should be a standard of care. She noted that nurses in her organization could not place the devices without orders. This column addresses patient safety concerns with regard to DVT.
Evaporative attachment of slow electrons to alkali-metal nanoclusters

The abundance spectrum of Na^-_{n~7-140} anions formed by low energy electron attachment to free nanoclusters is measured to be strongly and nontrivially restructured with respect to the neutral precursor beam. This restructuring is explained in quantitative detail by a general framework of evaporative attachment: an electron is captured by the long-range polarization potential, its energy is transferred into thermal vibrations, and dissipated by evaporative cooling. The data also affirm a formulated relation between the binding energies of cationic, neutral, and anionic clusters, and an adjustment to the prior values of dimer evaporation energies.
The dithiothreitol-stimulated dissociation of the chloroplast coupling factor 1 ϵ-subunit is reversible

Abstract The chloroplast coupling factor 1 complex (CF1) contains an ϵ-subunit which inhibits the CF1 ATPase activity. Chloroform treatment of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii thylakoid membranes solubilizes only forms of the enzyme which apparently lack the δ-subunit. Four interrelated observations are described in this paper. (1) The dithiothreitol- (DTT) induced ATPase activation of CF1(−δ) and the DTT-induced formation of a physically resolvable CF1(−δ,ϵ) from the CF1(−δ) precursor are compared. The similar time-courses of these two phenomena suggest that the dissociation of the ϵ-subunit is an obligatory process in the DTT-induced ATPase activation of soluble CF1. (2) The reversible dissociation of the ϵ-subunit of the CF1 is demonstrated by the exchange of subunits between distinguishable oligomers. 35S-labelled chloroplast coupling factor 1 lacking the δ and ϵ subunits [CF1(−δ,ϵ)] was added to a solution of non-radioactive coupling factor 1 lacking only the δ subunit [CF1(−δ)]. After separation of the two enzyme forms, via high resolution anion-exchange chromatography, radioactivity was detected in the chromatographic fractions containing CF1(−δ). (3) ϵ-deficient CF1 can be resolved from DTT pretreated ϵ-containing CF1 for several days after the removal of DTT. On the other hand, brief incubation of the DTT pretreated ϵ-containing CF1 with low concentrations of o-iodosobenzoate results in chromatographs containing only the peak of ϵ-containing CF1. A simple explanation for this phenomenon is that reduction of CF1 with DTT increases the apparent dissociation constant for the ϵ-subunit to an estimated 3.5 · 10−8 M (± 1.0 · 10−8 M) from a value of
An algorithm for optimal decoupling capacitor sizing and placement for standard cell layouts

With technology scaling, the trend for high performance integrated circuits is towards ever higher operating frequency, lower power supply voltages and higher power dissipation. This causes a dramatic increase in the currents being delivered through the on-chip power grid and is recognized in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors as one of the difficult challenges. The addition of decoupling capacitances (decaps) is arguably the most powerful degree of freedom that a designer has for power-grid noise abatement and is becoming more important as technology scales. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate an algorithm for the automated placement and sizing of decaps in ASIC-like circuits. The adjoint sensitivity method is applied to calculate the first-order sensitivity of the power grid noise with respect to every decap. We propose a fast convolution technique based on piecewise linear (PWL) compressions of the original and adjoint waveforms. Experimental results show that power grid noise can be significantly reduced after a judicious optimization of decap placement, with little change of the total chip area.
Mitigation of the deleterious effect of silicon species on the conductivity of ceria electrolytes

The deleterious effect of silicon species on the conductivity of ceria electrolytes is well documented in the literature. A simple process has been developed at Praxair that alleviates the negative effect of high concentrations of silicon species on the conductivity of ceria electrolytes. The impact of this process on the conductivity of commercially available doped ceria electrolyte powders is demonstrated and a likely mechanism for the reduction of the resistivity is proposed. The influence of this process on other properties of the ceria electrolyte is discussed.
Transformative Power of the Learning Object Debate.

This article examines the significance of how learning objects have come to be conceptualized and utilized, particularly in higher education. While many articles critique the term and its origins, an examination of the role metaphor plays in our conceptualization of ‘data’, ‘information’ and ‘learning objects’ helps us move beyond a fixation on the term to its promise and challenges. Although much has been written about how learning objects should be developed, accessed and stored, much less has been written about how they should be designed and used. This quest for understanding of the role learning objects will play in the future of learning leads to new strategies which encompass such issues as a reusability, knowledge management, efficient infrastructure design and innovative course design.
VIRUSLIKE PARTICLES IN THE MARINE ALGA CHORDA TOMENTOSA LYNGBYE (PHAEOPHYCEAE)1

SUMMARY Polyhedral viruslike particles 170 nm in diameter were found in 3-day-old spores of the brown alga Chorda tomentosa Lyngbye grown in unsterilized seawater. In sterile seawater, spores of the same species were free of these particles and cell wall development around naked settled, zoospores and subsequent spore germination proceeded, normally. Spores containing the putative virus particles did not develop cell walls or show signs of germination. Severe lysis of cell organelles always accompanied, the presence of these particles.
Laparoscopic gastric electrical stimulation for medically refractory diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis.

Background Gastric electrical stimulator (GES) implantation is effective in certain patients with gastroparesis; however, laparotomy is often employed for placement. The aim of this study is to review outcomes of patients who underwent laparoscopic GES therapy for diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis at a large referral center.
Simulations of nanoscale and macroscopic property changes on coatings with weathering

Coatings are designed for and applied on a surface for both aesthetics and protection of the substrate. Many properties are measured to indicate performance, and eventual failure, of a coating under these two broad categories. Monte Carlo simulations have shown success in predicting trends in macroscopic properties during exposure. The Central Limit Theorem (CLT) is applicable because damage made to a coating can come from the accumulation of a vast number of very small damage events. Application of the CLT to property equations has generated additional equations for the prediction of properties of a coating with exposure, including measurable properties such as gloss, color, fracture toughness, and contact angle. These equations, when fitted to measured data, provide in sight into the mechanisms of degradation processes, since the fitting parameters are physically based. They also offer a means to scale accelerated testing measurements to early field measurements of the property of interest for predicting lifetime in varied environments.
The self‐diffusivity of dilute and dense gases

Available experimental values of the self-diffusivity at moderate pressures for 14 substances were used to establish a relationship between (ρD)* ξ and TR, where ξ = Tc1/6M1/2Pc2/3. The resulting relationship was found to reproduce 62 experimental points with an average deviation of 3.9%. For dense gases, the product of the self-diffusion and binary diffusion coefficients with density was found to be independent of density up to ρR = 1.00. Therefore, values of the self-diffusivity for dense gases can be calculated from the relationship between (ρD)*ξ and TR. For both nonpolar and polar mixtures values of the binary diffusion coefficient can be calculated from expressions developed previously for the force constants ξ/K and δ, by the use of appropriate combining rules. Les valeurs experimentales de coefficients de diffusion de 14 substances a des pressions moderees ont ete utilisees dans l'etablissement d'une equation reliant (ρD)*ξ et TR, ou ξ = Tc1/6/M1/2Pc2/3. Les valeurs calculees au moyen de cette equation presentent un ecart moyen de 3.9% lorsque comparees a 62 valeurs experimentales correspondantes. Dans le cas des gaz denses, le produit de la densite et du coefficient de diffusion des substances pures et des melanges binaires a ete trouve independant de la densite jusqu'a ρR = 1.00. En consequence, la valeur du coefficient de diffusion d'une substance pure peut ětre calcule au moyen de l'equation de (ρD)*ξ en fonction de TR. D'autre part, le coefficient de diffusion d'un melange binaire peut ětre calcule a partir d'equations precedemment developpees pour les constantes de force ξ/k et δ en utilisant des regies de combinaisons appropriees.
Mechanisms of underwater hearing in larval and adult tiger salamanders ambystoma tigrinum

Abstract 1. 1. A standing wave tube apparatus was used to determine the biophysical basis of underwater hearing in Ambystoma tigrinum. 2. 2. A. tigrinum responds to the pressure component of underwater sound, and the mouth cavity appears responsible for transduction of sound pressure. 3. 3. Near-field displacements produced by pulsations of the air-filled mouth cavity apparently stimulate the inner ear. 4. 4. Salamander head preparations with no air-filled mouth cavity respond to the particle motion component of underwater sound, but only at sound pressure levels 40 dl3 or more above levels producing clear pressure sensitivity in intact salamanders or head preparations including an air-filled mouth cavity.
Cross-platform program for likelihood-based statistical comparisons of mortality profiles on a triangular graph

The construction of mortality profiles to investigate age-at-death patterns is a typical component of most faunal analyses. While many methods exist for constructing and comparing mortality profiles, plotting the percentages of juvenile, prime, and old individuals on a triangular graph, or ternary diagram, remains a popular method for making comparisons. Typically, these comparisons are made visually, but because sample sizes are often small, any differences may be the product of sampling rather than meaningful contrasts in depositional history. To overcome this problem, here we present a likelihood-based method for making statistical comparisons of mortality profiles on a triangular graph, and we make available a cross-platform computer program that implements the method. Although we developed the method with mortality profiles in mind, in principle, it can be used to analyze any kind of artifact for which there are three distinct categories.
Variability in the mass flux of the Ross ice streams, West Antarctica, over the last millennium

We synthesize previously published remote-sensing observations, radar data and model output to obtain a 1000 year ice flow history for the Siple Coast ice-stream system in West Antarctica to investigate the timing and magnitude of changes in mass flux. The synthesized history shows significant short-term variability in ice-stream shear margin and grounding line position due to internal variability of the coupled system. The chronology highlights the interplay between adjacent ice streams, which implies that the behavior of any individual ice stream should not be examined in isolation. Furthermore, individual events cannot be fully interpreted without an understanding of the broad-scale, long-term variability in the ice sheet. In the context of this millennium-scale history, we interpret the relatively recent stagnation of Kamb Ice Stream (KIS) as just one stage in the thermodynamic cycle of an ice stream in this region. The changes in mass balance that result from the KIS stagnation may thus be viewed as century-scale 'noise' relative to the longer-term trend. Understanding and characterizing this noise is a necessary step before accurate model-based predictions of ice-sheet mass balance for the next century can be made.
Nanoparticles: A Route to Post-Shrink Information Systems

Single crystal semiconductor nanoparticles provide a novel path to monolithic integration of lattice mismatched and even chemically incompatible materials. This in turn provides an avenue to reliable, high performance, integrated information systems that go well beyond today's integrated circuits. This paper reviews aspects of this work including single crystal silicon nanoparticle transistors and full-spectrum silicon quantum dots as light emitting structures.
Covalent Attachment of Synthetic DNA to Self-Assembled Monolayer Films

The covalent attachment of thiol-modified DNA oligomers; to self-assembled monolayer silane films on fused silica and oxidized silicon substrates is described. A heterobifunctional crosslinking molecule bearing both thiol- and amino-reactive moieties was used to tether a DNA oligomer (modified at its terminus with a thiol group) to an aminosilane film formed on silica surfaces. A variety of aminosilanes, crosslinkers and treatment conditions have been tested to identify optimal conditions for DNA immobilization using this approach. The DNA films which result have been characterized using UV spectroscopy, water contact angle measurement, radiolabeling and hybridization methods.
An Algebra of Hybrid Systems

Abstract Hybrid systems are heterogeneous systems characterised by the interaction of discrete and continuous dynamics. We present a trajectory-based algebraic model for describing hybrid systems; the trajectories used are closely related to streams. The algebra is based on left quantales and left semirings and provides a new application for these algebraic structures. We show that hybrid automata, which are probably the standard tool for describing hybrid systems, can conveniently be embedded into our algebra. Moreover we point out some important advantages of the algebraic approach. In particular, we show how to handle Zeno effects, which are excluded by most other authors. The development of the theory is illustrated by a running example and a larger case study.
Endovascular Management of Distal ACA Aneurysms: Single-Institution Clinical Experience in 22 Consecutive Patients and Literature Review

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Distal ACA aneurysms remain difficult to treat with endovascular therapy, but improved technology and experience allows for the treatment of some of these aneurysms with excellent results. The purpose of this study was to assess the status of endovascular treatment of distal ACA aneurysms by comparing our results with recent endovascular and microsurgical series of distal ACA aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2000 and 2008, a total of 22 consecutive patients (14 women; mean age, 58.4 years) with distal ACA aneurysms underwent coil placement at Barrow Neurological Institute. Clinical presentations, radiographic findings, endovascular management, and outcomes were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 22 patients, 13 (59%) presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Six patients were HH grade I or II, 1 was grade III, 5 were grade IV, and 1 was grade V. Frontal lobe hematomas occurred in 5 patients with ruptured aneurysms. The mean aneurysm size was 7.5 mm (range, 2.8–25 mm); 55% were smaller than 7 mm. Twelve aneurysms (55%) arose from the origin of the callosomarginal artery (55%). Complete occlusion was achieved in 50% of the cases and near-complete occlusion in 45%. The few periprocedural complications included 1 retroperitoneal hematoma and 1 intraoperative rupture. Four patients had thromboembolic events adequately treated intraprocedurally with abciximab. No deaths occurred in the patients treated. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of the patients and aneurysms treated in our series were comparable to previous reports of endovascular treatment of ACA aneurysms with respect to rupture status. Periprocedural morbidity and mortality rates in our series fared well compared with previous reports, as did our combined rate of complete or near-complete occlusions. Recent advances in endovascular devices and techniques have improved outcomes of distal ACA aneurysms.