cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The scalar spectrum in the viscous-convective subrange

A modified design of a fibre optic light probe was used for the measurement of turbulent concentration fluctuations and the spectra associated with these. The main object was to establish experimentally the nature of the scalar spectrum in the viscous-convective subrange. The existence of a spectral region with a (-1)-power law form supports the uniform straining model proposed by Batchelor (1959) for Schmidt numbers ( v / D ) much greater than unity. For this range, the data do not agree with the cascading process suggested by Pao (1965). An additional object was to study further the decay of the concentration fluctuations in terms of a measure of the turbulent mixing. More specifically, the limitations of applying the isotropic stationary mixing theory of Corrsin (1957, 1964 a ) to a shear pipe flow situation and the validity of the earlier data for this case (Lee & Brodkey 1964; Brodkey 1966 a, b ; and Gegner & Brodkey 1966) were investigated.
Seasonal phenology of the cerambycid beetles of east-central Illinois.

ABSTRACT We summarize field data on the species composition and seasonal phenology of the community of cerambycid beetles of east central Illinois. Data were drawn from field bioassays conducted during 2009–2012 that tested attraction of adult beetles of diverse species to a variety of synthetic pheromones and host plant volatiles. In total, 34,086 beetles of 114 species were captured, including 48 species from the subfamily Cerambycinae, 41 species from Lamiinae, 19 species from Lepturinae, 2 species from Spondylidinae, and 1 species each from Necydalinae, Parandrinae, Prioninae, and Disteniidae. Most of the best-represented species were attracted to pheromones that were included in field experiments, particularly species that use (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one as a pheromone component. The species captured and their patterns of abundance and seasonal phenology were similar to those in an earlier study conducted in Pennsylvania. The most abundant species identified in both studies included the cerambycines Ela...
The dispersion anomaly and analyst recommendations

The main objective of this study is to distinguish whether the forecast dispersion anomaly is due to Miller’s (J Finance 32(4):1151–1168, 1977) overpricing hypothesis or idiosyncratic risk, by conditioning the sample on “buy” and “sell” consensus recommendations. Observations on the long and short possibilities provided to the investors by the analyst stock recommendations can help us infer on the impact of short sale constraints even though they are not directly observed. This study provides strong evidence that the impact of analyst forecast dispersion is more pronounced in the group of stocks that receive the least favorable recommendations in a given period, even after controlling for the idiosyncratic risk, Fama–French factors (J Financ Econ 33(1):3–56, 1993; J Financ Econ 116(1):1–22, 2015) and even short-sale constraints. These results are consistent with Miller’s (1977) hypothesis, according to which if short-sale constraints bind, high opinion divergence stocks become overpriced and hence have low subsequent returns.
Effect of Germination on Cereal and Legume Nutrient Changes and Food or Feed Value: A Comprehensive Review

Cereals and legumes are the foodstuffs for most humans and animals and have been throughout recorded history. To extract “maximum nutrients for minimum costs,” the seeds of those plants have usually been treated by germinating, fermenting or selectively heat treating to increase the amount or availability of nutrients.
Fluid/Gas Exchange in Vitreous Surgery

In the past decade there have been many innovations and improvements in the field of vitreo-retinal surgery. New vitrectomy instruments, along with the intraocular SF6 and C3F8 gas and silicone oil, have permitted surgical correction of vitreo-retinal diseases previously felt untreatable. However, as a result we are now faced with increasingly complicated operations, with more complicated postoperative courses.
Design and Integrate Improved Systems for Nuclear Facility Ventilation and Exhaust Operations

Objective: The objective of this RD ASTM F1471 Standard Test Method for Air Cleaning more » Performance of a High-Efficiency Particulate Air Filter System, ASME N511: In-Service Testing of Nuclear Air Treatment, Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Systems, and ASME AG-1: Code On Nuclear Air And Gas Treatment. All of the three proposed new systems must be combined into a single experimental device (i.e. to develop a new function of the Los Alamos aerosol wind tunnel). Technical Approach: The Radiation Protection RP-SVS group at Los Alamos has an aerosol wind tunnel that was originally (2006) designed to evaluate small air samplers (cf. US EPA 40 CFR 53.42). In 2009, the tunnel was modified for exhaust stack verifications per the ANSI N13.1 standard. In 2010, modifications were started on the wind tunnel for testing HEPA filters (cf. ASTM F1471 and ASME N511). This project involves three systems that were developed for testing the 24*24*11 (inch) HEPA filters (i.e. the already mentioned mixer, diluter and metric). Prototypes of the mixer and the diluter have been built and individually tested on a preliminary basis. However, the third system (the HEPA metric method) has not been tested, since that requires complete operability of the aerosol wind tunnel device. (The experimental wind tunnel has test aerosol injection, control and measurement capabilities, and can be heated for temperature dependent measurements.) Benefits: US DOE facilities that use HEPA filters and/or require exhaust stacks from their nuclear facility buildings will benefit from access to the new hardware (mixer and diluter) and performance-based metric (for HEPA filter air flow). « less
Alfred Tarski: Lower Bounds on Theories

Logical theories have their own complexity measures, for the problems of deciding whether a statement is true or finding a proof of a theorem. Tarski proved that the first-order theory of the real numbers is decidable, but left open its complexity. This chapter surveys exponential lower bounds proved subsequently for it.
Antihuman Fibrinolytic Streptococci

Tillett and Garner1 have recently described a hitherto unknown antihuman fibrinolytic function of hemolytic streptococci. This function is demonstrable with S. hemolyticus of human origin, but is not demonstrable with apparently identical environmental or veterinary streptococci. Since the lytic factor is not active against normal rabbit fibrin, many of the results of streptococcus research on rabbits are presumably not applicable to human pathology. We have, therefore, extended the Tillett-Garner tests to include plasma-clots from other animal species. The object of these tests was to find a laboratory animal suitable for a direct study of the topographical distribution2 and in vivo fibrinolytic function of S. hemolyticus.The S. hemolyticus used in these tests were 2 human (C 203 and K 96) and 2 veterinary (P 454 and K 158 E) strains kindly furnished by Dr. Lancefield of the Rockefeller Institute. To these we have added a number of local strains, one of special interest being J 1, originally isolated fro...
Facile, tunable, and SERS-enhanced HEPES gold nanostars

Gold nanoparticles have shown promise as effective tools in biomedicine for drug delivery, imaging, and photo thermal therapy. We present the preparation of gold nanostars (AuNSs) through a two-step approach utilizing a common Good's buffer, HEPES, as a weak reducing agent. AuNSs with tunable branch-lengths up to 30 nm in length were produced in a two-step synthesis. We have investigated the effect of the ionic strength on the AuNS growth and branch length. AuNSs were found to be near-infrared responsive and provide an augmented SERS signal, with an enhancement factor, defined as the magnitude of SERS signal amplification, of approximately 107. The unique branched morphology of the AuNSs confers optical properties advantageous for in vivo biomedical applications.
Interaction of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) with the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase δ (p125)

Interaction of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) with the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase δ (p125)
Competing Dynamic Matching Markets

While dynamic matching markets are usually modeled in isolation, assuming that every agent to be matched enters that market, in many real-world settings there exist rival matching markets with overlapping pools of agents. We extend a framework of dynamic matching due to Akbarpour et al. [2] to characterize outcomes in cases where two such rival matching markets compete with each other. One market matches quickly while the other builds market thickness by matching slowly. We give an analytic bound on the loss—the expected fraction of unmatched vertices—of this two-market environment relative to one in which all agents enter either one market or the other, and numerically quantify its exact loss, demonstrating that rival markets increase overall loss compared to a single market that builds thickness. We then look at two competing kidney exchanges, where patients with end-stage renal failure swap willing but incompatible donors, and show that matching with rival barter exchanges performs qualitatively the same as matching with rival matching markets—that is, rival markets increase global loss.
Service Learning and The Compass Trail

ABSTRACTStudents used a compass trail to show how they could perform service to their school. When students performed service learning, they completed a real task that was needed for a grateful audience conjoined with academic content in the lesson. Students worked on the school grounds and used content from their regular curriculum while looking for real-life connections to academic applications. Students became involved in real projects that they found meaningful while making contributions to the community. Students learned about geographic tools and used those tools to accomplish their service projects. The students realized that the experience was real from their preparations, through the execution of the project, and the formative evaluation.
Comparative analysis of psychological status between boarding and non-boarding middle school students in Henan

Objective To understand metal health status of boarding middle school students and analyze the psychological differences between boarding and non-boarding students. Methods A total of 21 791 middle school students among whom 14 819 were boarding students were selected from 7 provincial cities by stratified cluster sampling,and then they were investigated with loneliness question and Mental Health Inventroy of Middle School Students( MMHI-60). Results The detection rates of psychological problems in boarding and non-boarding students were 48.7% and 39.2% respectively in Henan. There were significant differences on average score of each subscale between boarding and non-boarding students no matter in boys,girls,city,country,junior high schools or senior high schools( P 0. 05),except the scores of subscales of learning stress and emotional instability of senior high school students( P0.05). The detection rates of loneliness in boarding and non-boarding students were 64. 7% and 55. 8%,boarding students' feelings of loneliness were stronger than that of non-boarding students,the differences were significant( P 0.05). Conclusion The psychological status of boarding students are worse than non-boarding students ',relevant departments should pay more attention to this phenomenon and keep an eye on boarding students' psychological status.
Analysis on Method of Decreasing the Risk of Cascading Failures in Power Systems Based on Cascading Failure Searching Model

Nowadays,power system cascading failures starting at a simple disturbance becomes a key factor that threatens the stability of bulk power grids.To find out effective measures to reduce the risk of cascading failures in power grids,by means of IEEE RTS 96 system a cascading failures searching model is used to analyze the impacts of the faulty probability of key lines,probability of hidden failures and transmission limits of key lines as well as adopting new control measures on risk index of cascading failures.Simulation results show that lowering the faulty probability of key lines,adding a line between two specific nodes and adopting new control measures are effective methods to reduce the risk of cascading failures,and the impact of reducing the probability of hidden failures on risk index is limited.
Genetic and Epigenetic Determinants of Environmental Injury and Disease

Genomic diversity affects gene and protein expression profiles as well as cellular functions, and modulates the individual response to environmental stimuli. With an increasingly high exposure to xenobiotics as early as during embryo development, humans are at risk of developing toxicant-related diseases at younger ages. Genetic toxicology makes use of genetic, molecular, and physiological approaches to understand the relationship between genetic makeup, the biological response to xenobiotics, and the onset of disease. This article provides an overview of studies on genetic diversity, the mechanisms that have contributed to such diversity, and the influence of repetitive sequences in shaping the human genome. Also, a section was devoted to introduce the field of epigenetics and to understand the relationship between chromatin structure and responses to environmental injury. Overall, understanding how genetic profiles, the xenobiotic detoxification machinery, and chromatin structure modulate the physiological response to toxic injury is essential both for early diagnostics of genetic risks and for implementation of preventive measures to avoid early-onset disease. In addition, by forecasting the expected cellular response to drugs, genetic profile analysis will emerge as a useful means to target the treatment of human diseases.
Limitations and variations

As befits the introduction of a new idea, my primary concerns in the dissertation so far have been twofold: to define the idea precisely, and to demonstrate its capabilities concretely. These concerns have lead to a succession of reductions in scope—from all possible problems to function optimizations to unconstrained function optimizations to specific test functions, from search strategies to population-based methods to election schemes to the mathematical definition of SIGH.
Smart Wearable Device Design for Bicycle Lights Direction Control with Speech-Recognition Function

This project focus on one wearable device of speechcontroller for bicycle light direction designed with wireless sensor network. In the brand-new design system included two-parts -- wireless speech-recognition and wireless light-direction controller by speech commander. That means user can control the bicycle lights with speech command instead of traditional manual ways which made user in danger condition especially when user riding on and comes across dark environment or encounters trucks in tunnels. This creative product can be used on bicycle handles or on helmet, in addition, it can be put on hand as one fashion watch. The wearable device includes ZigBee module with 2.4GHz wireless communication which sends light control codes to the receiver on the lights. The wearable device can be set functions both single user or group users. When in single user mode, one wearable device controls one direction-light while group mode with one controller can control many bicycles lights.
Urinary incontinence and hydration: A population-based analysis.

Aims To determine if there is an association between urinary incontinence (UI) and an objective measure of hydration status in men and women in a nationwide, population-based sample. Methods We utilized data from the 2009 to 2010 and 2011 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), cross sectional surveys of the US non-institutionalized population. Our primary outcome was moderate/severe UI measured using a validated scale. Our exposure of interest was hydration status. Urine osmolality ≥ 800 mOsm/kg defined dehydration versus adequate hydration (<800 mOsm/kg). We included men and women ≥ 20 years who had both UI and urine osmolality data. Using multivariable models, we controlled for age, race/ethnicity, BMI, chronic kidney disease, the interaction of age with osmolality, and hysterectomy (women only). Results Among the 11 482 total subjects, 9497 (83%—4882 men and 4615 women) had both UI and urine osmolality data. Compared to women, men were less likely to report UI (5.9% vs 18.9%; P < 0.001) and more likely to be dehydrated (33.4% vs 24.0%; P < 0.001). In bivariate analysis, men and women who were dehydrated had less UI than men with adequate hydration (men: 3.5% vs 7.6%; P < 0.001; women: 16.3% vs 20.0%; P = 0.02); however, dehydration was not associated with UI in men (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.6-1.0) or in women (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.4-1.5) in multivariable models. Conclusions Hydration status as defined by urine osmolality was not associated with moderate to severe urinary incontinence in men or women.
The effect of K-Tape on knee flexion/extension performance in a fatiguing task

The results of this study did not find any evidence that K-Tape delayed fatigue during an isotonic knee flexion/extension task. The slight increase in muscle oxygenation may be attributed to learning or placebo effects and need to be investigated further.
Implementation and preliminary evaluation of an Honours-Satisfactory-Fail competency-based assessment model in a Doctor of Pharmacy programme

Introduction: A competency-based model of student assessment in a United States (USA) Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D) programme within a research-intensive university is described. Description: A competency-based assessment model that assigns levels of performance as Honours, Satisfactory, or Fail (H-S-F) was developed and implemented. Short-term measures of student performance in the curriculum and student experience were evaluated. Evaluation: The majority of students demonstrated competency on all assessments in either one or two attempts. Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience (IPPE) preceptor evaluations were consistent with performance of previous students in a letter graded system. Student progression statistics have improved for students within the H-S-F assessment model. Conclusion: Preliminary evaluation of the competency-based assessment model indicates that students are demonstrating mastery and competence in curricular outcomes and that the structure provides a framework that is successful in supporting student re-engagement and learning.
American Women in World War Two: The Impact of Rationing and Shortages on Eating and Food Procurement

The American household of the 1930's and 1940's was much more centered around meals than the households of today. The cultural expectation was that the table would be set with dishes, cutlery, napkins, centerpieces, and a table cloth at every meal. Working men and schoolchildren would typically come home for lunch. It was the expectation that wives would provide three meals a day, each consisting of multiple courses and at least dinner would include a dessert. The wife was expected to make these meals pleasing for her husband, filling for all, and nutritionally balanced. The woman of the house also did the budgeting, meal planning, and shopping. With the United States' entry into World War Two following the attack on Pearl Harbor, there was a stark increase in the obstacles to achieving this standard, though the expectations remained the same. Faced with limited time, a constantly changing rationing system, and wide-ranging shortages and scarcities, American shopping, cooking, and eating adapted to fit wartime needs. American Women in World War Two: The Impact of Rationing and Shortages on Eating and Food Procurement by Alicia Depler is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Parental Cultural Socialization and Adolescent Private Regard: Exploring Mediating Pathways Through Daily Experiences

Using longitudinal experience sampling data from 214 ethnic/racial minority adolescents (Wave 1 Mage = 15.24), the present study investigated how the longitudinal effect of parental cultural socialization on adolescent private regard was mediated through various daily pathways and novel constructs. Both the mean levels and variability of adolescents' ethnic feelings (i.e., private regard) and social interactions (i.e., intragroup contact) in daily situations, as well as the situational association between intragroup contact and private regard, emerged as mediators. Greater cultural socialization promoted greater and more stable ethnic feelings and interactions, as well as their situational association, all of which promoted private regard over time. This study provides a framework to explore how development occurs in daily lives.
Review: Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms in asymptomatic persons is not beneficial

Source Citation Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. Periodic health examination, 1991 update: 5. Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Can Med Assoc J. 1991 Oct 1;145:783-9.
Recursive Flexible Multibody Dynamics Using Spatial Operators

Abstract This paper presents an approach to model the dynamics of flexible multibody such as flexible spacecraft and limber space robotic systems. A large number of degrees of freedom and complex dynamic interactions are typical in these systems. This paper uses spatial operators to develop efficient recursive algorithms for the dynamics of these systems. This approach very efficiently manages complexity by means of a hierarchy of mathematical operations.
Synovial Sarcoma: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a rare sarcoma driven by a translocation between SS18 and SSX 1, 2, or 4. With approximately 800 to 1,000 cases a year in the United States, it most commonly affects young adults between the ages of 15 and 30 years. The resultant tumors are either monophasic (pure sarcomas), biphasic (a combination or epithelioid and sarcomatous components), or poorly differentiated. The hybrid transcription factor SS18:SSX alters SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling and global methylation patterns that may allow for future therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we focus on the pharmacologic management of SS, both in the curative setting, where the standard approach is wide surgical excision combined with radiotherapy and/or (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy as appropriate, and in the palliative setting. In advanced disease, chemotherapy with anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide, trabectedin, or pazopanib has been demonstrated to be more active compared with other soft tissue sarcomas. In addition, a better understanding of the molecular and immunologic characteristics of SS has allowed for the identification of new potential targets and the development of novel biology-driven therapies that are all at different stages of testing. There include targeted agents, immunotherapy, and metabolic therapies. Because the impact of these strategies for improving SS outcome is still limited, current and future research is strongly needed to better understand the tumor biology, to identify predictive biomarkers, and to improve the outcomes for patients with SS.
Fast and Precise Emulation of Stochastic Biochemical Reaction Networks With Amplified Thermal Noise in Silicon Chips

The analysis and simulation of complex interacting biochemical reaction pathways in cells is important in all of systems biology and medicine. Yet, the dynamics of even a modest number of noisy or stochastic coupled biochemical reactions is extremely time consuming to simulate. In large part, this is because of the expensive cost of random number and Poisson process generation and the presence of stiff, coupled, nonlinear differential equations. Here, we demonstrate that we can amplify inherent thermal noise in chips to emulate randomness physically, thus alleviating these costs significantly. Concurrently, molecular flux in thermodynamic biochemical reactions maps to thermodynamic electronic current in a transistor such that stiff nonlinear biochemical differential equations are emulated exactly in compact, digitally programmable, highly parallel analog “cytomorphic” transistor circuits. For even small-scale systems involving just 80 stochastic reactions, our 0.35-μm BiCMOS chips yield a 311× speedup in the simulation time of Gillespie's stochastic algorithm over COPASI, a fast biochemical-reaction software simulator that is widely used in computational biology; they yield a 15 500× speedup over equivalent MATLAB stochastic simulations. The chip emulation results are consistent with these software simulations over a large range of signal-to-noise ratios. Most importantly, our physical emulation of Poisson chemical dynamics does not involve any inherently sequential processes and updates such that, unlike prior exact simulation approaches, they are parallelizable, asynchronous, and enable even more speedup for larger-size networks.
Improv for Computer Scientists: (Abstract Only)

Improvisation is viewed by many people as jazz musicians jamming in the early morning hours or comedians ad-libbing to create a funny skit, but it is so much more. Improv is about listening and moving a conversation (or music) forward in a positive and supportive manner. Above all, it is about supporting all members of the team. These precepts can be found in the Agile, UX (user experience), and the AI worlds and companies are using improv methods as a way of creating more innovative and collaborative teams and which are so necessary for success in today's work environment. Dick Costolo, the former CEO of Twitter and a computer scientist, is an accomplished improviser and credits these techniques in advancing his professional life. The skills learned through using improv are as important as the technical skills for all computer scientists and they can help one to become better a learner, listener, and communicator. This workshop will cover some of the basics of improvisation and its rules as well as ideas on how it can be used in a classroom or a place of employment. Come and learn about improv and why organizations such as IDEO, Marriott, and NASA have embraced improv to create more than just teams, but ensembles of highly functioning creative and caring individuals. This workshop is interactive and attendees will have fun learning and practicing the skills within a safe and accepting environment.
Test Suite Design for Biomedical Ontology Concept Recognition Systems

Systems that locate mentions of concepts from ontologies in free text are known as ontology concept recognition systems. This paper describes an approach to the evaluation of the workings of ontology concept recognition systems through use of a structured test suite and presents a publicly available test suite for this purpose. It is built using the principles of descriptive linguistic fieldwork and of software testing. More broadly, we also seek to investigate what general principles might inform the construction of such test suites. The test suite was found to be effective in identifying performance errors in an ontology concept recognition system. The system could not recognize 2.1% of all canonical forms and no non-canonical forms at all. Regarding the question of general principles of test suite construction, we compared this test suite to a named entity recognition test suite constructor. We found that they had twenty features in total and that seven were shared between the two models, suggesting that there is a core of feature types that may be applicable to test suite construction for any similar type of application.
Basic formulas find oscillator power gain

Traditional circuit analysis defines the power gain of an oscillator to be finite, since there is an output without an input. By defining power gain as the ratio of output power to input power, however, finite power gain can be characterized. Several simple circuit equations which can be used to find power gain in an oscillator circuit are presented and discussed.
5.34 – Tooth Pain

Teeth receive a dense complex sensory innervation that branches peripherally and centrally to activate many brainstem neurons in nucleus caudalis as well as other trigeminal subnuclei and extratrigeminal relay sites. Convergent inputs to those neurons from other orofacial tissues, modulation by higher brain areas, and competing afferent inputs shape the complexity of tooth pain perceptions, that can be sharp or dull, focused or diffuse, episodic or relentless, referred or neuropathic. Tooth pain is the most common orofacial pain, yet most of the time our teeth do not hurt. Thus, most intradental neural activity is unperceived, and concerns regulation of pulpal milieu or mastication reflexes. Tooth nerve functions are reviewed here in relation to tooth pain perceptions, diagnosis, and management.
Role of Cellular Systems in Modifying the Response to Chemical Mutagens

Neocarzinostatin (NCS) produces apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in DNA which are repaired by the AP excision repair system. Survival after NCS treatment is not determined exclusively by this repair system, presumably because of the production of other, lethal, lesions. MNNG also produces multiple lesions which may be handled by cells in different ways. In E. coli, MNNG treatment results in rapid induction of a system which removes O6-methylguanine. Inhibition of this induction with chloramphenicol results in a large increase in mutation frequency. Induction of an enzyme which removes O6-methylguanine probably accounts for the enrichment of mutations near DNA growing points. MNNG also induces multiple closely linked mutations. The production of multiple mutations but not of single-site mutations is blocked in rec A and uvr E strains. The exact nucleotide site at which DNA synthesis is blocked in vitro by reaction with mutagens can be observed in a oX174 system in which the nucleotide sequence is known. DNA polymerase I catalyzed synthesis is blocked one nucleotide before the reacted base on the template strand. In contrast, with some damaged templates, AMV reverse transcriptase can insert a base at the level of the reacted nucleotide on the template.
Language Matters: Denying the Existence of the 30-Million-Word Gap Has Serious Consequences

Sperry, Sperry, and Miller (2018) aim to debunk what is called the 30-million-word gap by claiming that children from lower income households hear more speech than Hart and Risley () reported. We address why the 30-million-word gap should not be abandoned, and the importance of retaining focus on the vital ingredient to language learning-quality speech directed to children rather than overheard speech, the focus of Sperry et al.'s argument. Three issues are addressed: Whether there is a language gap; the characteristics of speech that promote language development; and the importance of language in school achievement. There are serious risks to claims that low-income children, on average, hear sufficient, high-quality language relative to peers from higher income homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Developing a Culture of Mentorship to Strengthen Academic Medical Centers

Mentorship is central to academic medicine and its missions, and it has long played a critical role in the training and career development of physicians and scientists. A growing body of literature has documented the positive impact of mentorship on various outcomes, including research productivity, academic promotion, faculty retention, and career satisfaction. These benefits span academic medical centers' missions and have the potential to enhance biomedical research, patient care, education, and faculty diversity and leadership.In this Invited Commentary, the authors argue that a dynamic culture of mentorship is essential to the success of academic medical centers and should be elevated to the level of a major strategic priority. This culture of mentorship would capitalize on an institution's intellectual resources and seek to develop leaders in biomedical discovery, patient care, and education. The bidirectional transmission of knowledge between mentors and mentees, through both formal programs and informal relationships, can foster the growth of faculty members needed to meet the complex challenges currently confronting medical schools and teaching hospitals.Developing a culture of mentorship requires a strong commitment by leaders at all levels to nurture the next generation of physicians and scientists as well as grassroots efforts by trainees and faculty to seek out and create mentorship opportunities. The authors conclude by outlining possible mechanisms and incentives for elevating mentorship to the level of a strategic priority to strengthen academic medical centers across their missions.
Going Short: The Effects of Short-Travel Key Switches on Typing Performance, Typing Force, Forearm Muscle Activity, and User Experience

This study examined the effects of 4 micro-travel keyboards on forearm muscle activity, typing force, typing performance, and self-reported discomfort and difficulty. A total of 20 participants com...
Graduate Curriculum Initiative - COSMIC: Change Opportunity - Start Masters in Computing

The new graduate curriculum initiative, COSMIC: Change Opportunity - Start Masters in Computing, is aimed at an adult population that is typically under-served by computing programs at institutions of higher education. The COSMIC initiative provides an accelerated pathway to a professional Master of Science (MS) degree for individuals who do not have an undergraduate degree in computing, but who wish to cross over into the computing field. The COSMIC initiative is based on a highly focused summer bridge course combined with a customized curriculum pathway that allows people without computer science degrees to merge quickly and efficiently into a professional MS in Computing degree program. In this poster, we discuss our bridge course, additional bridge curriculum and its connection to our MS in Computing program; and present preliminary data from initial COSMIC cohorts. The COSMIC initiative's goal is to provide the computing profession with a documented model for training students that seek to cross over from non-computer science undergraduate degrees to work in the computing field.
Customer, Corporation, and Cause: A Comprehensive Model of Cause Selection in Cause-Related Marketing

When developing corporate social responsibility programs, marketing practitioners have to choose the domain of their activities. Whether they should decide to focus on education, healthcare, air po...
Educational Opportunity in Early and Middle Childhood: Using Full Population Administrative Data to Study Variation by Place and Age

I use standardized test scores from roughly forty-five million students to describe the temporal structure of educational opportunity in more than eleven thousand school districts in the United States. Variation among school districts is considerable in both average third-grade scores and test score growth rates. The two measures are uncorrelated, indicating that the characteristics of communities that provide high levels of early childhood educational opportunity are not the same as those that provide high opportunities for growth from third to eighth grade. This suggests that the role of schools in shaping educational opportunity varies across school districts. Variation among districts in the two temporal opportunity dimensions implies that strategies to improve educational opportunity may need to target different age groups in different places.
Measurements of weak scattering and absorption in spinel and sapphire from the near infrared to the visible

Durable window materials with minimal optical loss are important for future high-energy laser (HEL) systems that will operate at or near the megawatt level. However, potential material candidates such as spinel and sapphire have scattering and absorption levels near the 1 μm wavelength region that are undesirable for future HEL applications. Indeed, absorption measurements in these materials indicate that residual loss in this region can be associated with a weak absorption tail. This tail has been experimentally characterized for amorphous semiconductor materials, long-wave infrared glasses, and certain optical fiber materials, but no comprehensive characterization has been done on crystalline window materials. Measurements of both weak scattering and absorption are essential for understanding loss mechanisms in these low loss materials. In this work, scattering measurements on spinel and sapphire samples obtained from different vendors are reported for wavelengths of 532 nm, 633 nm, 1064 nm, and 1550 nm. These measurements were obtained using a bidirectional scatterance probability distribution function instrument. The surface and bulk absorptions of these materials at wavelengths of 355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm were also measured using photothermal common path interferometry. Additionally, a photoacoustic technique was used to obtain the absorption measurements at 1064 nm. In addition, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy measurements were made to detect any impurity bands. These measurements contribute to a better understanding of the low-loss phenomenon near the 1 μm wavelength in both spinel and sapphire.
Studying Personal Response Systems in a College Algebra Course

AbstractThis paper gives results of a study on a Personal Response System (PRS). Three sections of college algebra are compared; one section used PRS and PowerPoint, one used PowerPoint, and one was considered a control. Students were given a pretest and posttest with a retired version of a mathematics ACT test, and all students gained an average of one point, with no differences found between sections. Students in the non-PRS sections outperformed students in the PRS section on several course components. Survey results from the PRS section were mixed and have been used to modify PRS use. These modifications are given, along with more recent survey results that indicate that students are more engaged with PRS.
Meinong, Alexius (1853–1920)

Alexius Meinong (1853–1920) was educated in Vienna under positivist philosopher Franz Brentano. From 1882 until his death, Meinong taught philosophy at the University of Graz, Austria. His writings focus on the relationships among thought, symbol and meaning, and their application to issues in philosophy, psychology and linguistics. In 1894 he established Austria's first experimental psychology laboratory. Meinong's work is cited today chiefly in the fields of cognitive linguistics and propositional semantics.
Examining the Social Aspect of Climate Change through Mathematics

We designed an instructional module that seamlessly integrates mathematics, environmental science, and technology to help students think critically about climate change. The results from a design experiment in a sixth-grade classroom show that our tasks not only enhanced students’ covariational reasoning in mathematics but also helped students identify the different traits of climate change they encounter every day in the news media.
Bocángel’s Silva «El Retrato»: A Textual Trojan Horse?

ABSTRACT: Gabriel Bocangel’s silva «El retrato» (c. 1638) is a textual Trojan horse in the war for poetic patronage in the early modern Spanish court. Written on the wedding of the poet’s cousin to Juan de Cetina, secretary to the Admiral of Castile, the poem is a verbal portrait of the bride that undermines not only the tradition of the descriptio puellae, but also the Count-Duke of Olivares’s power. As a panegyric of the latter’s enemy, the text employs the botanical images of the laurel and the ivy, exploiting the full sense of their symbolic meaning. As an appeal for the patronage of poetry and letters at court and an exercise in «self-fashioning» (Greenblatt), the text makes the lovers’ and the poet’s pursuits parallel to the «siege» of Daphne; the poet, as a new Apollo, sings and weaves a complex poetic fabric in which different tensions are ultimately resolved in the image of the Admiral’s laurelcrowned brow, to which both the couple’s and the poet’s ambitions aspire. KEYWORDS Bocangel; Patronage; Silva; Olivares; Baroque; Emblems. RESUMEN: La silva «El retrato» (c. 1638) de Gabriel Bocangel es un caballo de Troya en la guerra por el patronazgo poetico en el contexto de la corte espanola del siglo XVII. Escrita con motivo de la boda de la prima del poeta con Juan de Cetina, secretario del Almirante de Castilla, el poema es un retrato verbal de la novia que socava no solo la tradicion de la descriptio puellae, sino el poder del Conde-Duque de Olivares, enemigo acerrimo del Almirante. Como panegirico de este ultimo, el texto emplea las imagenes botanicas del laurel y la hiedra explotando el pleno sentido de su significado emblematico y simbolico. Como peticion de patronazgo de la poesia y las letras en la corte y como ejercicio de «self-fashioning» (Greenblatt), el texto pone en paralelo los objetivos de los amantes y del poeta con el acoso a Dafne; como nuevo Apolo, el poeta canta tejiendo un complejo tapiz en el que distintas tensiones se resuelven finalmente en la imagen de la frente del Almirante, coronada de laureles, a la que aspiran por igual las ambiciones de los amantes y del propio poeta.
Science Communication Efforts and Identity at Popular Culture Conventions

Informal science communication efforts play a large role in individuals’ science learning. The present study sought to examine a nontraditional science communication environment: popular culture co...
Development of a Model Mutagenesis System for Snapdragon

Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) has long been a very popular perennial in the United States due to its unique flower shape with a range of striking colors (Huo and Chen, 2018). Based on their height, snapdragons are typically classified into three categories: dwarf (6-15 inches), medium (1-2 feet), and tall (6-15 feet) . The dwarf variety has a dense, bushy growth pattern, producing numerous flower spikes. They grow on average 6 to 15 inches tall and are ideal plants for use as low borders or in containers. Mid-sized varieties grow 1-2 feet tall and are typically used in borders (either alone or with other bedding plants) and sometimes as cut flowers. Tall varieties range anywhere from 2 to 3 feet in height (Gilman et al. 2018). The magnificent flowers with a wide range of petal colors atop the long green spikes make the tall variety a desirable cut flower for container, bouquets, or gardens. In 2015, fresh-cut snapdragon sales increased 51.7% from 2010 and reached $12.93 million, making it a top ten fresh cut flower in United States（USDA, 2015). With all of their aesthetic attributes and versatility, snapdragons are also an important model system for genetics and molecular studies of various plant processes. For example, snapdragon pigmentation mutants produced by transposon (a type of mobile DNAs) mutagenesis have provided researchers a good way to study anthocyanin biosynthesis and subsequently aid plant breeders in developing new varieties with novel flower colors (Jackson et al. 1992). Furthermore, snapdragon has a mechanism by which transposable mutations can be regulated into active and inactive states through temperature control (Hashida et al., 2006). Advantages of this elegant transposon mutagenesis system and how it relates to plant breeding are described in this paper.
The Extraordinary ``Superthin'' Spiral Galaxy UGC 7321. II. The Vertical Disk Structure

We explore the vertical light distribution as a function of galactocentric radius in the edge-on (i = 88°) Sd "superthin" galaxy UGC 7321. UGC 7321 is a low-luminosity spiral (MB,i = -17.0) with a diffuse, low surface brightness stellar disk and no discernible bulge component. Within ~ 025 (~725 pc) of the disk center the global luminosity profile of UGC 7321 can be reasonably characterized by an exponential function with a scale height hz ~ 29 (~140 pc) in H and hz ~ 31 (~150 pc) in R, making this among the thinnest galaxy disks known. Near the disk center we derive a ratio of disk scale length to global disk scale height hr/hz ~ 14 in both H and R; near the edge of the disk, hr/hz ~ 10. At intermediate galactocentric radii (025 ≤ |r| ≤ 15), the disk of UGC 7321 becomes less peaked than an exponential near the galactic plane. At these radii the vertical luminosity profiles can be well reproduced by a linear combination of two isothermal disk components of differing scale heights. These fits, together with the strong disk color gradients by Matthews, Gallagher, & van Driel, suggest that UGC 7321 has multiple disk subcomponents comprised of stellar populations with different ages and velocity dispersions. Thus even examples of the thinnest pure disk galaxies exhibit complex structure and signatures of dynamical heating.
SPEAR: Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Query Processing over High Velocity Data Streams

With the advent of IoT and emerging 5G technology, real-time streaming data are being generated at unprecedented speed and volume having both temporal and spatial dimensions. Effective analysis at such scale and speed require support for dynamically adjusting querying capabilities in real-time. In the spatio-temporal domain, this warrants data as well as query optimization strategies especially for objects with changing motion states. Contemporary spatio-temporal data stream management systems in the distributed domain are mostly dominated by specify-once-apply-continuously query model. Any modification in query state requires query restart limiting system responsiveness and producing outdated or in worst case erroneous results. In this paper, we propose adaptations of principles from streaming databases, spatial data management, and distributed computing to support dynamic spatio-temporal query processing over high-velocity big data streams. We first formulate a set of spatio-temporal data types and functions to seamlessly handle changes in distributed query states. We develop a comprehensive set of streaming spatio-temporal querying methods and propose geohash based dynamic spatial partitioning for effective parallel processing. We implement a prototype on top of Apache Flink, where the in-memory stream processing fits nicely with our spatio-temporal models. Comparative evaluation of our prototype demonstrates the effectiveness of our strategy by maintaining high consistent processing rates for both stationary as well as moving queries over high velocity spatio-temporal big data streams.
Chronic and progressive deficits after a single closed head injury in mice

Abstract Background Acute injury following brain trauma may evolve into a chronic and progressive disorder. Assessment of chronic consequences of TBI must distinguish between effects of age and injury. Methods C57BL/6 mice receive single closed head injury (CHI) and are analyzed at 14DPI or 180DPI for cortical atrophy and 7DPI or 180DPI for behavioral outcomes. Results CHI induces ipsilesional atrophy at 14DPI that increases 180 DPI due to an effect of age. On open field, injured mice develop a turn bias at 180DPI not present at 7DPI. On rotarod, injured mice have shorter latencies at 7DPI, but not at 180DPI due to worsening performance of aging uninjured mice. On beam walk, both groups at 180DPI more slowly traverse a 2cm and 1cm beam than at 7DPI. Foot-faults show no significant effects of age or injury. Limb position was assessed using Deeplabcut™ markerless tracking followed by computation of absition (integral of limb displacement over time) using custom Python scripts. On the 2cm beam, age increased absition in all limbs of uninjured mice and both forelimbs of injured mice. Injury increased left hindlimb absition at 7DPI. On the 1cm beam both forelimbs and the left hindlimb of injured mice at 180DPI have larger absition than uninjured mice at 180DPI or injured mice at 7DPI. These data suggest chronic and progressive motor deficits of injured mice at 180DPI. Conclusions A single impact produces ipsilesional cortical atrophy and chronic and progressive motor deficits. Quantitative behavioral analysis reveals deficits not seen using standard outcomes.