cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lifschitz tail in a magnetic field: the nonclassical regime

We obtain the Lifschitz tail, i.e. the exact low energy asymptotics of the integrated density of states (IDS) of the two-dimensional magnetic Schrodinger operator with a uniform magnetic field and random Poissonian impurities. The single site potential is repulsive and it has a finite but nonzero range. We show that the IDS is a continuous function of the energy at the bottom of the spectrum. This result complements the earlier (nonrigorous) calculations by Brezin, Gross and Itzykson which predict that the IDS is discontinuous at the bottom of the spectrum for zero range (Dirac delta) impurities at low density. We also elucidate the reason behind this apparent controversy. Our methods involve magnetic localization techniques (both in space and energy) in addition to a modified version of the “enlargement of obstacles” method developed by A.-S. Sznitman.
Pathological and molecular assessment of sentinel lymph nodes in solid tumors

Sentinel nodes (SNs) are the first set of nodes to receive drainage and cancer cells from a primary tumor. While there may be a single SN, frequently there are one to three or more SNs. The development of sentinel node surgery over the last decade has led to dramatic changes in the surgical approach to regional nodes draining solid tumors. The surgeon can now identify, to a level of accuracy previously impossible, the regional nodes most likely to be involved with cancer in any individual patient. This new capability comes at a cost; the principles guiding the extent of nodal surgery must be completely re-examined. The extent of surgical resection required to achieve each of the goals of regional node surgery-(1) establishing prognosis, (2) obtaining regional control, and (3) improving overall survival-may no longer be simply the default "regional node resection" and may vary depending on the clinical goals. Inseparable from this new surgical technology is the methodology employed for pathologic evaluation of SNs. It is critical that pathologists and clinicians conduct definitive clinical research directed toward defining the role and impact that SN surgery has on each of these surgical goals.
The role of DE-cadherin during cellularization, germ layer formation and early neurogenesis in the Drosophila embryo

Abstract The Drosophila E-cadherin homolog, DE-cadherin, is expressed and required in all epithelial tissues throughout embryogenesis. Due to a strong maternal component of DE-cadherin, its early function during embryogenesis has remained elusive. The expression of a dominant negative DE-cadherin construct ( UAS-DE-cad ex ) using maternally active driver lines allowed us to analyze the requirements for DE-cadherin during this early phase of development. Maternally expressed DE-cad ex result in phenotype with variable expressivity. Most severely affected embryos have abnormalities in epithelialization of the blastoderm, resulting in loss of the blastodermal cells' apico-basal polarity and monolayered structure. Another phenotypic class forms a rather normal blastoderm, but shows abnormalities in proliferation and morphogenetic movements during gastrulation and neurulation. Mitosis of the mesoderm occurs prematurely before invagination, and proliferation in the ectoderm, normally a highly ordered process, occurs in a random pattern. Mitotic spindles of ectodermal cells, normally aligned horizontally, frequently occurred vertically or at an oblique angle. This finding further supports recent findings indicating that, in the wild-type ectoderm, the zonula adherens is required for the horizontal orientation of mitotic spindles. Proliferation defects in DE-cad ex -expressing embryos are accompanied by the loss of epithelial structure of ectoderm and neuroectoderm. These germ layers form irregular double or triple layers of rounded cells that lack zonula adherens. In the multilayered neuroectoderm, epidermal precursors, neuroblasts and ganglion mother cells occurred intermingled, attesting to the pivotal role of DE-cadherin in delamination and polarized division of neuroblasts. By contrast, the overall number and spacing of neuroblasts was grossly normal, indicating that DE-cadherin-mediated adhesion is less important for cell–cell interaction controlling the ratio of epidermal vs. neural progenitors.
Breast Cancer in the Very Young Patient: A Multidisciplinary Case Presentation

A case is presented that exemplifies many issues and controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in the very young. This woman was 22 years of age at diagnosis; she initially underwent breast-conservation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, retained fertility, had a subsequent uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery, and 7 years later developed a local recurrence in the breast. The discussion addresses risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer in the young; the impact of treatment on fertility; implications regarding pregnancy, and the management of local recurrence after breast conservation. The Oncologist 2002;7:547-554
Data Assimilation Experiments in the Gulf Stream Region: How Useful Are Satellite-Derived Surface Data for Nowcasting the Subsurface Fields?

Satellite-derived surface data have become an important source of information for studies of the Gulf Stream system. The question of just how useful these datasets are for nowcasting the subsurface thermal fields, however, remains to be fully explored. Three types of surface data—sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height (SSH), and Gulf Stream position (GSP)—are used here in a series of data assimilation experiments to test their usefulness when assimilated into a realistic primitive equation model. The U.S. Navy’s analysis fields from the Optimal Thermal Interpolation System are used to simulate the surface data and to evaluate nowcast errors. Correlation factors between variations of the surface data and variations of the subsurface temperature are used to project the surface information into the deep ocean, using data and model error estimates and an optimal interpolation approach to blend model and observed fields. While assimilation of each surface data source shows some skill in nowcasting the subsurface fields (i.e., reducing errors compared to a control case without assimilation), SSH data reduce errors more effectively in middepths (around 500 m), and SST data reduce errors more effectively in the upper layers (above 100 m). Assimilation of GSP is effective in nowcasting the deep Gulf Stream, while the model dynamics produce eddies that are not included in the GSP analysis. An attempt to optimally combine SST and SSH data in the assimilation shows an improved skill at all depths compared to assimilation of each set of data separately.
Automorphisms of the q-deformed algebra suq(1, 1) and d-Orthogonal polynomials of q-Meixner type

Starting from an operator given as a product of q-exponential functions in irreducible representations of the positive discrete series of the q-deformed algebra suq(1, 1), we express the associated matrix elements in terms of d-orthogonal polynomials. An algebraic setting allows to establish some properties : recurrence relation, generating function, lowering operator, explicit expression and d-orthogonality relations of the involved polynomials which are reduced to the orthogonal q-Meixner polynomials when d=1. If q ↑ 1, these polynomials tend to some d-orthogonal polynomials of Meixner type.
Alcohol Consumption and Pregnancies Among Youth: Evidence from a Semi-Parametric Approach

Despite a well-established correlation between alcohol intake and various risk-taking sexual behaviors, the causality remains unknown. The observed association can be easily attributed to the influence of unobserved individual characteristics rather than the influence of substance use. I model the effect of alcohol use on the likelihood of pregnancy among youth using a variety of estimation techniques. The preference is given to the semi-parametric model where the cumulative distribution of heterogeneity is approximated by a 4-point discrete distribution. Using data on 17-28 year-old women from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, I find that alcohol consumption increases the likelihood of pregnancy by 4.7 percentage points. Quantitatively similar but statistically weaker effects were found in the fully parametric models such as the two-stage least squares model and the bivariate probit model. Finally, the fully parametric models that ignore the effect of unobserved heterogeneity failed to establish this relationship.
Pituitary and Pituitary Region Tumors: Viewpoint—Fractionated Radiation Therapy

Pituitary region tumors, including functional and nonfunctional pituitary adenomas, meningiomas, and craniopharyngiomas, are important and distinct benign entities that have both distinct and shared management issues. It is important to have multidisciplinary management to achieve optimal outcomes for patients with pituitary region tumors. These patients may enjoy normal or near-normal life spans but may have lifelong tumor-related or iatrogenic morbidity that can include visual problems (visual field cuts and gaze palsies), endocrine insufficiencies that require monitoring and replacement, and neurocognitive deficits that impair important capabilities and quality of life.
Thresholds and Tolerance of Physical Pain Among Young Adults Who Self-Injure

Prevalence rates of nonsuicidal self-injury among college students range from 17% to 38%. Research indicates that individuals with borderline personality disorder who self-injure sometimes report an absence of pain during self-injury. Furthermore, self-injury in the absence of pain has been associated with more frequent suicide attempts. The present study examined pain thresholds and tolerance among 44 college students (11 who engaged in self-injury and 33 who did not). Pain thresholds and tolerance were measured using an algometer pressure device that was used to produce pain in previous laboratory research. Participants who engaged in self-injury had a higher pain tolerance than those who did not. In addition, participants who engaged in self-injury rated the pain as less intense than participants who did not. ANCOVAs revealed that depression was associated with pain rating and pain tolerance.
The Antiquity of t'ou hu

Some ten years ago Professor G. Montell published a well-illustrated and highly interesting account of the history of the Chinese game of t'ou hu a or Pitch-pot. In this game, practised in China for many centuries, two contestants attempt to toss ( t’ou ) arrows into the mouth of a narrow necked vessel ( hu ) according to very elaborate rules of procedure. He began by quoting verbatim Legge's translation of the lengthy description of the game as contained in the Lichi , b taking this as evidence that the game ‘was perfected as early as the Chou period’. He surmised that the game survived the centuries although he knew of ‘no further mention of it in the literature until the time of the Sung dynasty’, his next source dating from the 11th century.
19.4 A 0.17-to-3.5mW 0.15-to-5GHz SoC PLL with 15dB built-in supply noise rejection and self-bandwidth control in 14nm CMOS

With recent advancements in SoC integration, modern SoC architectures can employ more than 20 PLLs [1]. To address SoC clocking needs with an ever reducing power budget, a deep sub-mW to low-mW PLL having a FoM between −226dB and −234dB from 0.8GHz to 5GHz is presented. The PLL features a modular implementation and therefore could be used as the local clock source or as part of a clock-generation hub. The hub provides reference clocks to subsystems from a single platform crystal oscillator through a combination of divisions and distributions.
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for adults: reasons for optimism and for caution.

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines have been recommended for routine use in adults in the US since 1977. The currently approved polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) contains antigens from 23 of the more than 90 different serotypes of pneumococci. There are conflicting data on its efficacy against invasive infections, but its efficacy against non-bacteremic pneumonia, the most common manifestation of pneumococcal disease in adults, is poor.1–3 Moreover, efficacy of PPV23 declines markedly in persons over the age of 75,2 so older adults, who have both the highest incidence of and the most severe morbidity and mortality from pneumococcal infections, receive the smallest benefit. Therefore, a vaccine that is effective against non-bacteremic pneumonia and is also efficacious in the elderly would be an important advance. Conjugate vaccines might fill this role. Compared with PPV23, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) has superior immunogenicity against some serotypes.3 PCV13 has been approved by the FDA for use in adults. However, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices has not yet recommended that PCV13 replace PPV23 for routine use in adults, in part because the incremental benefit of recommending the more expensive PCV13 is unclear. Establishing the efficacy of PCV13 against pneumonia in adults and determining its efficacy in different age and risk groups would help policy makers formulate sound recommendations for use of PCV13.
What midlife women want from gynecologists: a survey of patients in specialty and private practices.

Abstract Background: This study characterized the self-reported reason for a gynecology visit among midlife women in three different practice settings. We hypothesized that women seeking specialty care were more likely to report nonvasomotor symptoms potentially related to the menopausal transition. Methods: Participants were 625 women aged 40–60 seen by gynecologists at three sites: an urban, academic, gynecologic menopause practice (Midlife Practice, or MLP) and urban (site A) and suburban (site B) locations of a general, nonacademic obstetrics and gynecology practice. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire asking them to choose and weigh the reason for their visit as “very much,” “somewhat,” or “not at all” for 15 common gynecologic and menopausal concerns. Demographic questions included age, self-rated health status, race/ethnicity, difficulty of paying for basics, and education. Comparisons between the three groups were made using parametric and nonparametric tests as appropriate. The mai...
Developing a User-Driven Framework for Generating Field Data Collection Applications

This paper describes the implementation of a web-based framework, which allows end users to build custom data collection applications. The emphasis of this project is to ease the transition from handwritten forms to electronic mobile applications for data collection.
How to use survey results.

Most library science surveys use Likert-style questions. After you read a study that reports results from Likert-style questions. After you read a study that reports results from Likert-style questions, you may think about using the results to guide some decision that you need to make. If so, then your job is to understand the validity of the results and how they apply to your decision. The researcher presents the results. You must determine how persuasive the results are for you.
Connecting Pre-service Teachers and Experienced Educators: Social Media for Lifelong Learning

Beginning teachers often feel isolated and either lack role models or find it difficult to reach out to more experienced teachers. An educational technology course connected beginning teachers with experienced educators using social media. An analysis of pre-service teachers’ (n=15) reflections indicated that online interactions with experts had provided them with resources, role models, best practice examples, and skills for technology integration and lifelong learning. The results underscore the potential of social media, professional networks, and communities of practice to provide pre-service teachers with real-world experiences and connections with experienced teachers.
Analysis of musculoskeletal disorders risk factors among workers in a chemical factory

Objective To study the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders( MSDs) in chemical factory workers and explore the risk factors of MSDs. Methods 593 chemical factory workers were selected by cluster sampling method,and cross-sectional study using the revised Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was applied,538 valid questionnaires were recruited. Results MSDs occurred primarily in the lower back with an annual prevalence of 67. 60%,followed by the shoulder and neck,with 62. 41% and 61. 87%,respectively. The proportion of MSDs involving multiple areas was 76. 64%. There were statistically significant differences in prevalence rate of MSDs among workers from different age groups,education level,marital status,rest condition,work environment,job satisfaction,the level of fatigue,type of work,length of service( except for the ankle),and personnel shortage( except for the neck and hip),overtime work( except for the neck and waist groups)( P 0. 01 or P 0. 05). Female workers had more MSDs than males( t =-4. 066,P 0. 01). The MSDs prevalence in neck,shoulder,lower back,hip and knee were higher in female workers。Multivariate logistic regression models showed that the risk factors for MSDs in the lower back were due to bending and turning,long duration of fixed posture,short-term heavy lifting,heavy labor by hand or arm,pulling and pushing things more than 5 kg weight,bending over repetitively while keeping hands below the shoulder and grasping by hands( P 0. 01). The first four factors along with gender,job dissatisfaction and the level of fatigue were the main risk factors with OR 2. 0. The prevalence of multiple MSDs for those who were dissatisfied with work was 10. 86 times higher than those who were satisfied,the rates of workers over 50 years old were 10. 64 times higher than those under 30 years old. The rates of female workers were 6. 81 times higher than male workers. Those keeping the same posture for long duration also influenced the prevalence of multiple area MSDs,OR = 5. 98. Conclusions The prevalence rate of MSDs among chemical factory workers was high,and mainly affected the lower back,shoulder and neck. Age,education level,marital status,gender,job satisfaction,the level of fatigue,length of service,type of work,work environment,rest condition,personnel shortage and overtime-work were MSD risk factors. Gender,lower back bending and turning,long periods of maintaining the same posture,short-duration heavily labor,heavy labor by hand or arm,job dissatisfaction and the level of fatigue were the risk factors for MSDs of lower back. Age,gender,and long-duration of fixed posture were risk factors for MSDs involving multiple areas.
Wireless Mesh Networks and Cooperative Relaying Technologies

Wireless Mesh networks have become a focus in research of wireless broadband communications. In a switching technologies-based wireless Mesh network, the entire network is regarded as an IP subnet, so it cannot be applied in situations where large coverage is required. The use of cooperative relaying technologies can improve the transmission rate and reliability of wireless link; while the wireless Mesh network, once integrated with cooperative relaying technologies and routing technologies, can improve its spectrum efficiency and cover a wide area. However, there are many problems to be solved with respect to standardization, key technologies research and industrialization. Therefore, the application of cooperative relaying technologies in wireless Mesh networks is still a great challenge.
Electron Beam Lithography of Nanostructures

Electron beam lithography (EBL) evolved from patterning with modified scanning electron microscopes, to today’s dedicated systems for routine exploration of prototype devices at the nanoscale. Resist and substrate materials, processes, electron sources, electron optics, and software for high levels of resolution and precision are detailed. Possible future developments include higher energy beams and multi-beam systems for higher throughput. Examples of nanostructures along with fabrication issues in the fields of spintronics, photonics, patterned media for disk drives, X-ray optics, high-frequency electronics, carbon nanotubes, and nanowires are presented.
Duty toward Whom

The eminent German philosopher, Immanuel Kant, postulated the existence of two contrasting forms of commitment to an action or to a relationship. One form is the commitment of desire, or of affection or devotion, which he considered changeable or evanescent, and therefore untrustworthy. The second is the commitment of duty, or obligation, which Kant saw as more stable and far better morally (Kant, 1785/1964).
A High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Nine Sulfonamides in Milk

A High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethiazole, sulfamethazine, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfaquinoxaline in milk is described. Milk (10mL) is extracted three times (50, 40, and 40mL) with chloroform/acetone, the extract evaporated to dryness, and redissolved in 5mL potassium phosphate buffer (1.0 molar, pH 4.4). Hexane (5mL) is added to extract the lipid materials. The aqueous buffer layer containing sulfonamides is passed through a cyclobond-I solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge and the cartridge is washed with 5mL potassium phosphate buffer. The sulfonamides, which are retained on the cartridge, are then eluted with 4mL aqueous acetonitrile (20% water). The eluent is evaporated to remove acetonitrile and the final volume of the aqueous eluent is made to 4mL with ammonium acetate buffer. The eluent is analyzed by HPLC using a reverse phase column with UV detection at 265nm. The recoveries of individual sulfonamides ranged from 64.0% to 85.9% in samples fortified at 10 and 20ppb levels.
The Psychoanalytic Winnicott We Need Now: On the Way to a Real Ecological Thought

The Winnicott we need now reveals the schizoid condition of our culture. Dissociated from earthly bodies, we live as if brains alone are real and are seemingly compelled to bring ecological catastrophe upon an otherwise good-enough world. Stewarding earthly life—like facilitating care of children—involves capacities to surrender to the boundless fluidity and singular experience of being alive. However, if anything unites the sciences and the humanities today, it is befuddlement before this singular inner life. Winnicott, for whom primary process truths are elemental, is the antidote to our contemporary parlance which eradicates the psyche–somatic capacities of all living forms by imagining life as matter, subjects as objects, mind as the product of physical chemical laws, and children as a product of parents.
Stereotype Threat and Learning

Abstract Extensive research on stereotype threat has examined how worries and concerns about confirming negative performance stereotypes can harm stereotyped individuals’ performance. An impressive body of knowledge about stereotype threat performance effects has accumulated. However, only a handful of studies have shown that stereotype threat can also negatively impact learning. Although much more research is needed, in this chapter, we review and examine the work on stereotype threat and learning to date and present a model about why and how these learning effects occur. We also discuss how stereotype threat can influence reactions to feedback that occurs in learning settings and how interventions that mitigate stereotype threat can improve learning. Understanding how stereotype threat affects learning is a relatively new avenue for research on stereotype threat that has the potential to provide useful information about how to improve skill acquisition and performance for negatively stereotyped individuals.
Fan culture and motivation in the context of successful women’s professional team sports: a mixed-methods case study of Portland Thorns fandom

By the metric of average home attendance, the Portland Thorns of the National Women’s Soccer League are the most popular women’s professional sports team in the world. This paper investigates that ...
Enhancing Extinction Learning in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Brief Daily Imaginal Exposure and Methylene Blue: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective The memory-enhancing drug methylene blue (MB) administered after extinction training improves fear extinction retention in rats and humans with claustrophobia. Robust findings from animal research, in combination with established safety and data showing MB-enhanced extinction in humans, provide a foundation to extend this work to extinction-based therapies for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) such as prolonged exposure (PE). Methods Patients with chronic PTSD (DSM-IV-TR; N = 42) were randomly assigned to imaginal exposure plus MB (IE + MB), imaginal exposure plus placebo (IE + PBO), or waitlist (WL/standard PE) from September 2011 to April 2013. Following 5 daily, 50-minute imaginal exposure sessions, 260 mg of MB or PBO was administered. Waitlist controls received PE following 1-month follow-up. Patients were assessed using the independent evaluator-rated PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview version (primary outcome), patient-rated PTSD, trauma-related psychopathology, and functioning through 3-month follow-up. Results Both IE + MB and IE + PBO showed strong clinical gains that did not differ from standard PE at 3-month follow-up. MB-augmented exposure specifically enhanced independent evaluator-rated treatment response (number needed to treat = 7.5) and quality of life compared to placebo (effect size d = 0.58). Rate of change for IE + MB showed a delayed initial response followed by accelerated recovery, which differed from the linear pattern seen in IE + PBO. MB effects were facilitated by better working memory but not by changes in beliefs. Conclusions The findings provide preliminary efficacy for a brief IE treatment for PTSD and point to the potential utility of MB for enhancing outcome. Brief interventions and better tailoring of MB augmentation strategies, adjusting for observed patterns, may have the potential to reduce dropout, accelerate change, and improve outcomes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01188694.
Automated Characterization of Pyelocalyceal Anatomy Using CT Urograms to Aid in Management of Kidney Stones

Nephrolithiasis is a costly and prevalent disease that is associated with significant morbidity including pain, infection, and kidney injury. While surgical treatment of kidney stones is generally based on the size and quality of the stones, studies have suggested that specific characteristics of the pyelocalyceal anatomy (i.e. urinary drainage system), such as the infundibulopelvic angle (IPA), can influence the success rate of various treatment modalities. However, the traditional methods of quantifying such anatomic features have typically relied on manual measurements using 2-dimensional (2D) images of a 3-dimensional (3D) system, which can be cumbersome and potentially inaccurate. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm that automatically identifies and isolates the 3D volume and central frame of the urinary drainage system from computerized tomography (CT) Urograms, which then allows for 3D characterization of the pyelocalyceal anatomy. First, the kidney and pyelocalyceal system were segmented from adjacent soft tissues using an automated algorithm. A centerline tree structure was then generated from the segmented pyelocalyceal anatomy. Finally, the IPA was measured using the derived reconstructions and tree structure. 8 of 11 pyelocalyceal systems were successfully segmented and used to measure the IPA, suggesting that it is technically feasible to use our algorithm to automatically segment the pyelocalyceal anatomy from target images and determine its 3D central frame for anatomic characterization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method that allows for an automated characterization of the isolated 3D pyelocalyceal structure from CT images.
Rough Grammar for High Performance Management of Processes on a Distributed System

A novel methodology for high performance allocation of processors to tasks based on an extension of the rough sets to the novel rough grammar is presented. It combines effectively a global load balancing with a dynamic task scheduling on a multiprocessor machine. Our methodology does not require a priori knowledge about run times of tasks and prevents users from manual distribution of job tasks into available processors. The production rules are constructible from a concurrent program by a compiler. In order to control the flow of tasks and data the set of the rough grammar production rules is updated and rolled in a pipeline fashion through the multiprocessor net during job execution together with codes of the processes (tasks). This pipeline fashion of rolling the jobs defines the global job balancing. The rough grammar uses any operators and metrics inside its production rules (not only the concatenation). Therefore, it is active and capable of driving purposeful processing by demanding software and data on a multiprocessor (e.g., MIMD) system. Performance parameters for our dynamic management of tasks are derived and compared to a statically scheduled multiprocessor. Based on these parameters, our decentralized methodology is shown to attain a much higher performance level. For example, the speedup of the order of tenths is easily feasible for an arbitrary algorithm. Moreover, the fault tolerance is highly improved with our decentralized strategy. The production rules instantiated as a result of a distributed computation at a previous rough grammar graph level are kept as permanent checkpoints for the current computation level. More than one layer of permanent checkpoints is definable to increase the level of fault tolerance.
Memoirs of a frequent flier: Phylogenomics reveals 18 long-distance dispersals between North America and South America in the popcorn flowers (Amsinckiinae).

PREMISE OF THE STUDY American amphitropical disjunction (AAD) is an important but understudied New World biogeographic pattern in which related plants occur in extratropical North America and South America, but are absent in the intervening tropics. Subtribe Amsinckiinae (Boraginaceae) is one of the richest groups of plants displaying the AAD pattern. Here, we infer a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of the group to evaluate the number, timing, and directionality of AAD events, which yields generalizable insights into the mechanism of AAD. METHODS We perform a phylogenomic analysis of 139 samples of subtribe Amsinckiinae and infer divergence times using two calibration schemes: with only fossil calibrations and with fossils plus a secondary calibration from a recent family level analysis. Biogeographic analysis was performed in the R package BioGeoBEARS. KEY RESULTS We document 18 examples of AAD in the Amsinckiinae. Inferred divergence times of these AAD examples were strongly asynchronous, ranging from Miocene (17.1 million years ago [Ma]) to Pleistocene (0.33 Ma), with most (12) occurring <5 Ma. Four events occurred 10-5 Ma, during the second rise of the Andes. All AAD examples had a North America to South America directionality. CONCLUSIONS Second only to the hyperdiverse Poaceae in number of documented AAD examples, the Amsinckiinae is an ideal system for the study of AAD. Asynchronous divergence times support the hypothesis of long-distance dispersal by birds as the mechanism of AAD in the subtribe and more generally. Further comparative phylogenomic studies may permit biogeographic hypothesis testing and examination of the relationship between AAD and fruit morphology, reproductive biology, and ploidy.
Variability in Immunization Practices for Preterm Infants.

Introduction The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend the same immunization schedule for preterm and term infants. However, significant delays in vaccination of premature infants have been reported. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the variability of immunization practices in preterm infants. Study Design We conducted an online survey of 2,443 neonatologists in the United States, who are members of the Section for Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine of the AAP. Questions were targeted at immunization practices in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Results Of the 420 responses (17%) received, 55% of providers administer the first vaccine at >2-month chronological age. Most providers (83%) surveyed reported delaying vaccines in the setting of clinical illness. Sixty percent reported increasing frequency of apnea–bradycardia events following immunization. More than half administer the initial vaccines over several days despite lack of supporting data. Reported considerations in delaying or spreading out 2-month vaccines were clinical instability, provider preference, lower gestational age, and lower birth weight. Conclusion This survey substantiates the variability of immunizations practices in the NICU and identifies reasons for this variability. Future studies should inform better practice guidance for immunization of preterm NICU patients based on vaccine safety and effectiveness.
Van Der Waals Coupling Between Internal Rotation and Molecular Vibrations. The Methyl Rotor Effect on IVR

New intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) lifetimes for S1, p-fluorotoluene (pFT) confirm the accelerating effect of the methyl rotor on IVR. A theory is outlined, based on van der Waals collisional interactions between the methyl hydrogens (internal rotation) and ring atoms. These interactions are modulated by ring vibrations leading to internal rotation-vibration coupling. The calculated coupling matrix elements and selection rules are sufficient to account for the special state mixing that is a prerequisite to the accelerated IVR dynamics.
Collective intelligence for enhanced quality management of IT services

Customer satisfaction and delivery excellence measure the overall quality of IT services. Services quality management relies on the insights obtained by extracting large volumes of tacit knowledge about processes, products and people. This knowledge is not automatically discoverable, as it is unstructured and widely distributed among the experts, making it challenging to drive quality across all these dimensions. To address these knowledge gaps needed for next level of quality management of IT services we apply collective intelligence methodology, by engaging a set of experts to discover knowledge through collaboration. We further augment enterprise data sources with uncovered human knowledge. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach addressing challenges in scalable knowledge discovery both as part of large-scale business transformational and on-going operational activities.
The Imperial Inka road system: exploring new paths

The royal Inka road (Qhapaq Nan), and its associated array of 2000+ provincial facilities, was the grandest work of infrastructure ever constructed in the indigenous Americas. Spanning at least 40,000 km, the road network joined the farthest reaches of the empire to Cuzco, the imperial capital, via two main routes, one in the highlands and the other hugging the coastline. Additional roads crossed the Andes, running from the coast past the Americas’ highest peaks and down into the forests and plains of the eastern lowlands. A 12-year project on the roads by professionals from six Andean nations resulted in the naming of the Qhapaq Nan as the largest archaeological site on the World Heritage list in 2014. The recent research has illuminated the organization of the network through examination of precursors, detailed descriptions of more than 200 sectors, logistical studies at the local and macro levels, GIS analyses, and explorations of human experience in traversing a landscape that the Inkas saw as populated by innumerable non-human beings. The present article discusses those issues, summarizing the results of the recent studies, and poses areas of inquiry for future research.
Preliminary Simulation Study of Combined Control and Cooperative Navigation for Underwater Vehicles

This paper reports a preliminary feasibility study for combined control and navigation in a loop utilizing a nonlinear second-order dynamic vehicle process model in the cooperative-navigation framework of underwater vehicles equipped with an acoustic modem, attitude, and depth sensors, but lacking a Doppler velocity log (DVL), and a surface vehicle equipped with an acoustic modem and GPS. The case of underwater vehicle navigation without a DVL is of interest in several use-cases, including (a) small and low cost underwater vehicles for which DVLs may be impractical or infeasible due to their size and cost and (b) for missions in which the vehicle’s altitude above the sea floor (or depth beneath overhead ice) exceeds the DVL acoustic bottom-lock range. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has examined the combined control and cooperative navigation of low-cost underwater vehicles without a DVL utilizing a dynamic model of the submerged vehicles motion in the cooperative navigation algorithm. The anecdotal simulation results presented herein suggest that it may be feasible to do combined control and navigation utilizing a dynamic process model without a DVL in cooperative navigation.
Comparison of Tacrolimus and Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide (PTCy) with Tacrolimus and Methotrexate (Tac/MTX) Gvhd Prophylaxis in Patients with AML Undergoing Transplantation from Matched Related or Unrelated Donors

Background Post transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy), tacrolimus, and MMF GvHD prophylaxis makes transplantation from haploidentical donors feasible without T cell depletion. In matched donor transplant recipients, cumulative incidences of grades II-IV acute, grades III-IV acute, and chronic GVHD were 51%, 15%, and 14%, respectively when single agent PTCy was used (Kanakry et al JCO 2014 32:3497-3505). However; as a single agent it was inferior to tacrolimus and methotrexate in another study (Alousi etal BBMT 2015, 906-912). We therefore hypothesized that addition of tacrolimus to PTCy may be needed to prevent severe acute GVHD and improve transplant outcomes. Methods All patients with AML undergoing first allogeneic transplant from matched sibling or at least 9/10 matched unrelated donor between 1/1/2011 to 4/30/2018 were eligible for this retrospective study if they received a melphalan or timed sequential busulfan (course AUC 20,000 umol/min) based conditioning regimen. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of tacrolimus and methotrexate 5mg/m2 on day 1, 3, 6, and 11 in the Tac/MTX cohort (n=140); and cyclophosphamide 50mg/kg given on days 3 and 4 and tacrolimus in the PTCy cohort (n=76). Results Patient characteristics were similar in both cohorts except that patients in PTCy cohort were younger with a median age of 59 years versus 63.5 years (P Outcomes and results of univariate analysis are summarized in Table1. Conclusion Tacrolimus and PostCy based GVHD prophylaxis reduces severe GVHD and improves survival.
The Future of Verbal Behavior: Integration

The future of verbal behavior research is integration. Different perspectives and research areas with their respective sets of jargon exist, which could lead one to believe in competing perspectives. However, a close inspection of various areas suggests overlap between those areas. Integrating research from across differing perspectives could result in a comprehensive understanding of verbal behavior.
Practice patterns in the conservative treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: Survey results from members of the American Society of Hand Therapy.

Abstract Study Design A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Introduction Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a complex combination of symptoms resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. A study that compares the conservative interventions identified in the literature with the actual conservative interventions being implemented by therapists for the treatment of CTS is not presently available. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study was to examine conservative interventions for CTS as reported by certified hand therapists (CHTs) within various clinical settings. The study also aimed to identify the decision-making process for the selection of CTS interventions. Method CHT members of the American Society of Hand Therapists were surveyed electronically to obtain quantitative data. Results Patient education, nocturnal orthosis, and ergonomic modifications ranked among the top conservative interventions utilized for CTS, whereas treatments such as magnet therapy, C-TRAC, and heating lamps ranked among the least utilized interventions. When selecting interventions, clinical expertise, research evidence, and patient preferences were all highly valued considerations for CHT. Discussion Our study offers a unique summary of CHT practice patterns for CTS interventions and the associated decision-making processes. It compares findings with existing literature on this topic, offering researchers and clinicians a glimpse of the CTS practice trends. Conclusion This study may serve to prioritize future research studies based on the prevalence of intervention usage among the experts. It also serves as a guide to those seeking to understand the most common interventions utilized for conservative CTS treatment.
Using Automated Prompts for Student Reflection on Computer Security Concepts

Reflection is known to be an effective means to improve students' learning. In this paper, we aim to foster meaningful reflection via prompts in computer science courses with a significant practical, software development component. To this end we develop an instructional strategy and system that automatically delivers prompts to students based on their commits in a source code repository. The system allows for prompts that instigate reflection in students to be timely with respect to students' work, and delivered automatically, thus easily scaling up the strategy.In this paper, we describe the design of a rule-based prompt delivery system, including a list of security related reflection prompts. We collect preliminary evidence for the reflection strategy in a course targeting mobile development. The evaluation provides evidence that such a system can help realize a reflection-in-action instructional strategy at scale and improve students' learning.
Up Is Down - Pharmaceutical Industry Caution vs. Federal Acceleration of Covid-19 Vaccine Approval.

Up Is Down The resolution of dueling perspectives from President Trump and industry leaders on Covid-19 vaccine progress will grow out of conflicting currents of clinical trial design, immunology, ...
Transient Global Amnesia as a Possible First Manifestation of COVID-19

Evidence of involvement of the nervous system in COVID-19 disease is accumulating. We describe a case of a 53-year-old man presented with classic syndrome of transient global amnesia with symptoms lasting less than 24 hours and mild transient unexplained fever. Workup including brain MRI, electroencephalogram, and chest X ray was negative and the patient was discharged. The day after discharge, the patient started to experience the classic respiratory and systemic COVID-19 illness and was eventually readmitted with hypoxic respiratory failure and positive COVID-19 test a week after the first hospital discharge. The case highlights the importance of neurological syndromes as presenting prodrome to the respiratory illness of COVID-19.
Treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A clinician's guide-2001

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is manifest by interesting pathophysiology. Understanding these mechanisms and roles of current therapeutic modalities is the key to successful treatment of symptomatic patients. There is now a diverse armamentarium of treatments, including medical therapy, pacemaker therapy, surgical therapy, and most recently catheter-based therapy. Careful advice, with emphasis on proven therapies and potential pitfalls, is crucial to facilitating the appropriate choices by patients. It is the purpose of this monograph to provide a rational approach to therapy, which must be individualized for each patient.
Sporadic Alzheimer’s triad: age, sex, and ApoE

Abstract Sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (sAD) has a multifactorial etiology, with age, sex, and the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype established as the top three risk factors. sAD affects men and women differently in many aspects. Women have a higher risk of developing sAD and represent approximately 68% of all sAD cases. In addition, sex has been indicated to modulate the risk impact of genetic factors in the development of sAD and the patient response to sAD treatment. This chapter reviews both clinical and preclinical evidence on the interaction between sex and ApoE genetic polymorphism in the pathophysiology of sAD as well as the influence of the ApoE genotype on the treatment effects of estrogen-containing hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Findings from the majority of the studies indicate that the e4 allele of the ApoE gene, the most potent genetic risk for sAD, confers a greater negative impact on women than on men. However, the question of which ApoE genotype can benefit from HRT remains to be elucidated. Further clarification of age–sex–ApoE interactions and understanding of the underlying mechanisms have important implications for population-targeted approaches for improved sAD diagnosis and intervention.
Testing the relationship between intraspecific competition and individual specialization across both behavior and diet.

Individual specialization within populations is increasingly recognized as important in both ecology and evolution, but researchers working on intraspecific variation in behavior and diet infrequently interact. This may be because individual specialization on diet and behavior was historically difficult to investigate simultaneously on the same individuals. However, approaches like stable isotope analysis that allow hindcasting past field diets for laboratory organisms may provide opportunities to unite these areas of inquiry. Here, we tested the role of intraspecific competition on individual specialization through analysis of both behavior and diet simultaneously. We focused on intraspecific competition as a mechanism that might drive individual specialization of both diet and behavior. We conducted this study in Vilas County, Wisconsin, United States (US), using rusty crayfish Faxonius rusticus from six lakes across a relative abundance gradient. We conducted six assays to measure individual specialization of behavior and used stable isotope analysis to measure individual specialization of diet. We then related both measures of individual specialization to relative abundance of F. rusticus using linear and quadratic models. We found a unimodal relationship between intraspecific competition and individual specialization of diet for F. rusticus, likely because some preferred resources are unavailable to specialize on at the highest densities of this well-studied crayfish invader. Conversely, we found greater support for a linear relationship between individual specialization of behavior and intraspecific competition, perhaps because specialization by behavior is not inherently resource-limited. Our results show that dietary and behavioral specialization may exhibit different responses to increased intraspecific competition, and demonstrate a potential technique that can be used to investigate individual specialization of diet and behavior simultaneously for the same individuals and populations.
Direct sampling algorithms based on the factorization method for inverse scattering

We will discuss three direct sampling algorithms that can be used for recovering scatterers from far-field measurements. Two of the indicators are motivated by the factorization method where one is based on Tikhonov regularization. The resolution analysis is studied and implemented numerically.