cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
X-Ray and Raman Topographic Studies of Gaas Implanted With 28Si+ and Pulsed Laser Annealed

Double-crystal x-ray diffraction and topography, along with Raman spectroscopy and topography are used to study lattice reconstruction and carrier activation for pulsed laser annealed Si implanted GaAs. Although lattice strain is essentially eliminated, along with the production of carrier concentrations to about 3×10 19 cm .3 at the center of laser annealed spots, incomplete removal of implant induced disorder and little dopant activation are observed in surrounding areas. Correlations of Raman and x-ray topographs suggest that concentric regions of partial melting, but without epitaxial regrowth, occur in the periphery of the laser annealed spots.
The Effects of Alarm Mistrust and Signal Duration on Alarm Reactions and Perception of Alarm Validity

Researchers have begun examining variables that may moderate the degrading effects of alarm mistrust on alarm reaction performance. We examined alarm systems of varying reliability levels (60 or 80 percent true alarms) that generated either short or long duration alarms. We studied the impact of these variables on participant response frequency and perception of signal validity. The researchers sampled 40 Old Dominion University psychology students. We predicted that participants would rate long duration alarm signals as more representative of a valid signal. We also believed that participants would use the representativeness heuristic as a response strategy. The results partially supported our hypotheses. Participants rated the long duration signals as significantly more representative of a valid signal (p<.001). However, although participants responded significantly more often to long duration alarms (p<.01), participants in the 80% reliability group responded to significantly more alarms than those in ...
Core Concepts: Neonatal Glomerular Filtration Rate

Although the placenta is the primary organ responsible for fetal clearance and electrolyte homeostasis, fetal kidneys contribute to amniotic fluid production and fetal hemodynamics. Maternal factors can significantly influence fetal urinary output and blood pressure. Maturation of neonatal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) depends on the development of renal blood flow (RBF). After birth, a marked increase in systemic blood pressure and decrease in renal vascular resistance results in elevated RBF and consequent increases in GFR. Vasoactive factors, including renin, angiotensin II, glucocorticoids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, bradykinin, and endothelin, each play vital roles in the regulation and development of neonatal GFR. Prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may affect renal endowment and place infants at risk for hypertension and accelerated loss of renal function later in life.
Effect of dexmedetomidine infusion on post-operative agitation during general anesthesia induction and maintenance in pediatric adenotonsillectomy patients

Objective To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine(Dex) infusion on post-operative agitation(POA) during general anesthesia induction and maintenance in pediatric adenotonsillectomy patients. Methods Eighty ASA Ⅰ ~ Ⅱ pediatric patients 3 ~ 13 years undergoing adenotonsillectomy,were randomly divided into two groups: the Dex group( Group D) and the control group( Group C). Before tracheal intubation,patients received either 1. 0 μg·kg-1over 10 min followed by a maintenance 0. 5 μg·kg-1·h-1of Dex infusion( Group D)( n = 40) or the same volume saline infusion( Group C)( n = 40). Mean arterial blood pressure( MAP) and heart rate( HR) were recorded. Post-operative agitation was evaluated using a 4-point scoring scale. A frequency for the patients with POD,as well as who received propofol to comfort were also recorded. Results MAP and HR were much more stable in Group D during surgery( P 0. 05). The incidence rate of POA in Group D was lower than that in Group C( P 0. 05). 10% in Group D and 32. 5% of children in Group C who experienced POA received propofol injection( P 0. 05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine reduces the incidence rate of POA underlying general anesthesia,which is securely evaluated for pediatric inpatient adenotonsillectomy.
Vasodilan® (Mead Johnson Pharm.)

Isoxsuprine directly dilates vascular smooth muscle. This relaxation may increase blood flow to certain regions.
Ru–protein–Co biohybrids designed for solar hydrogen production: understanding electron transfer pathways related to photocatalytic function

A series of Ru-protein-Co biohybrids have been prepared using the electron transfer proteins ferredoxin (Fd) and flavodoxin (Fld) as scaffolds for photocatalytic hydrogen production. The light-generated charge separation within these hybrids has been monitored by transient optical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. Two distinct electron transfer pathways are observed. The Ru-Fd-Co biohybrid produces up to 650 turnovers of H2 utilizing an oxidative quenching mechanism for Ru(ii)* and a sequential electron transfer pathway via the native [2Fe-2S] cluster to generate a Ru(iii)-Fd-Co(i) charge separated state that lasts for ∼6 ms. In contrast, a direct electron transfer pathway occurs for the Ru-ApoFld-Co biohybrid, which lacks an internal electron relay, generating Ru(i)-ApoFld-Co(i) charge separated state that persists for ∼800 μs and produces 85 turnovers of H2 by a reductive quenching mechanism for Ru(ii)*. This work demonstrates the utility of protein architectures for linking donor and catalytic function via direct or sequential electron transfer pathways to enable stabilized charge separation which facilitates photocatalysis for solar fuel production.
Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Lower urinary tract symptoms, both storage and emptying, are common among women with pelvic organ prolapse. Many reconstructive surgeons have used urodynamics as part of the standard workup in women with POP; however recently the utility of UDS and its ability to impact surgical planning have come into question. The utility of urodynamics appears to be in assessing patients with POP that do not complain of SUI clinically and in women with obstructive voiding symptoms.
Adjuvant Dexamethasone (D) ± Thalidomide (T) Improves Hematologic and Organ Responses after Risk-Adapted High-Dose Melphalan with Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (SCT) for Patients with Systemic AL Amyloidosis (AL).

Risk-adapted dosing of melphalan (MEL) has been proposed as a means of reducing treatment-related mortality (TRM) in patients with AL undergoing SCT but recent retrospective studies show poorer response rates in patients receiving 2 of MEL (Ann Intern Med2004;140; BMT2004;34). We have prospectively studied a combined approach using risk-adapted MEL followed by adjuvant D ± T with the goals of achieving low TRM and optimal hematologic and organ response rates. To be eligible, patients with systemic AL with ≤ 2 organ systems involved and no advanced cardiac disease had to be untreated and diagnosed within 12 months of enrollment. Patients received MEL200, 140, or 100 mg/m 2 with autologous SCT based on age, renal function, and cardiac involvement (Blood2002;99). Those not achieving a hematologic complete response (CR) at 3 months post-SCT were treated with 9 months of D (20mg/m 2 , 1–3 pulses monthly) + T (50–200mg nightly), or only D if they had prior DVT or neuropathy. Forty-five patients (51% men) enrolled, a median of 57 years old (range 34–73) and 2 months from diagnosis. Dominant organ involvement was renal in 58% (n=26), cardiac in 24% (n=11), and liver/GI or peripheral nervous system in 18% (n=8). A third (n=15) had 2 organ systems involved. Twenty-one percent (8/38) had elevated serum troponin I levels (>0.06ng/ml) and 53% (19/36) had elevated serum brain natriuretic peptide levels (>100pg/ml) at baseline. Dose-assignments were MEL200 (n=15), MEL140 (n=24) and MEL100 (n=6). TRM was 4.4% (2/45), with 6 patients out of hospital and well
Halo histories versus galaxy properties at z = 0-III. The properties of star-forming galaxies

Author(s): Tinker, JL; Hahn, CH; Mao, YY; Wetzel, AR | Abstract: We measure how the properties of star-forming central galaxies correlate with large-scale environment, d, measured on 10 h-1 Mpc scales. We use galaxy group catalogues to isolate a robust sample of central galaxies with high purity and completeness. The galaxy properties we investigate are star formation rate (SFR), exponential disc scale length Rexp, and Sersic index of the galaxy light profile, nS. We find that, at all stellar masses, there is an inverse correlation between SFR and δ, meaning that above-average star-forming centrals live in underdense regions. For nS and Rexp, there is no correlation with δ at M* ≲ 1010.5 M⊙, but at higher masses there are positive correlations; a weak correlation with Rexp and a strong correlation with nS. These data are evidence of assembly bias within the star-forming population. The results for SFR are consistent with a model in which SFR correlates with present-day halo accretion rate, Mh. In thismodel, galaxies are assigned to haloes using the abundance-matching ansatz, which maps galaxy stellar mass onto halo mass. At fixed halo mass, SFR is then assigned to galaxies using the same approach, but Mh is used to map onto SFR. The best-fitting model requires some scatter in the Mh-SFR relation. The Rexp and nS measurements are consistent with a model in which both of these quantities are correlated with the spin parameter of the halo, λ. Halo spin does not correlate with δ at low halo masses, but for higher mass haloes, high-spin haloes live in higher density environments at fixed Mh. Put together with the earlier instalments of this series, these data demonstrate that quenching processes have limited correlation with halo formation history, but the growth of active galaxies, as well as other detailed galaxies properties, are influenced by the details of halo assembly.
The Mouse, a Very Small Rat, a Very Big Mistake

The second prominent member of the murine family, and equally 1 as successful as its larger family member, is the mouse. Against the background of contemporary evolutionary philosophy it is easy to see the mouse as a small rat or vice versa and on that basis alone one would expect the relaxins between the two species to be nearly identical. There is always an experiment to ruin a beautiful concept. In this case it was the publication of a mouse cDNA that encoded a relaxin with the most drastic difference yet observed, i.e., a different distribution of the disulfide bonding pattern which had become the hallmark of the relaxin/insulin family.1 While there was a fair degree of homology between other regions of the two molecules, the C-terminal cysteine had been moved out one residue relative to other relaxins. This extended the interchain disulfide loop by one extra tyrosine residue.
A Picture of the Rational Numbers: Dense But Not Complete.

THE rational numbers have the prop erty that for any two distinct rational numbers, say a and b, with a < b, there exists another rational number c, distinct from both a and 6 and such that a < c < b. For example, c = (a + b)/2 is such a number. Clearly there exists an infinite number of rational numbers between a and ?, some of which can be constructed by consider ing (a + c)/2, and so on. So, if we consider the rational numbers as points on a line with some arbitrary point taken as the origin, we see that the rational numbers are everywhere dense. By this we mean simply that between every two rational numbers there exists a third.
Material considerations for current and next generation microbolometer technology

Electrical conduction in materials used in microbolometer technology, such as vanadium oxide (VOx) and amorphous silicon (a-Si), is via carrier hopping between localized states. The hopping conduction parameters determine the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), its temperature dependence, and its relationship to resistivity. The electrical noise has a 1/f component that is also associated to the hopping parameters and thus correlated to TCR. Current research on conduction in cross linked metal nanoparticles organized in an insulating matrix shows that TCR and noise can be controlled independently, potentially allowing for precise tailoring of the detector response for differing applications.
The Political-Economic Gradient and the Organization of Urban Space

Community has once again become de rigueur in the contemporary moment. Its return to prominence coincides with efforts to transform urban governance through a familiar—yet reinvigorated—celebration of venerable social welfare traditions that have long extolled the virtues of local responsibility. American cities are enduring the transformations of a “postwelfare apotheosis,” driven by (re)cultivated affinities for devolution, welfare state retrenchment, and privatization (Katz, 2001). As historian Michael Katz argues, these trends have culminated in the trifold victory of three great forces in social welfare politics: the war on dependence, the devolution of public authority, and the dominance of market models in public policy. The fallout leads states to increasingly displace misery to already distressed cities; while cities, in turn, are left to displace misery to the streets of poor neighborhoods. In this climate, the rhetoric of community voluntarism is pervasive, locatable in the discourse of entities ranging from nonprofits, to civic associations, to multilevel corporations (Sites, Chaskin, and Parks, 2003).
Post-capillary reaction detection in capillary electrophoresis based on the streptavidin-biotin interaction. Optimization and application to single cell analysis.

Abstract A class-selective post-capillary reaction detection method for capillary electrophoresis is described in which a streptavidin–fluorescein isothiocyanate (streptavidin–FITC) conjugate is used to detect biotin moieties. The selective binding of biotin moieties to the streptavidin–FITC conjugate causes an enhancement of fluorescence proportional to the concentration of biotin present. After capillary electrophoresis the separated analytes react with streptavidin–FITC in a coaxial reactor and are then detected either by a benchtop spectrofluorometer (2.5 μM detection limit) or by an epi-fluorescence microscope (1·10−7 M detection limit). The method is used to examine biotinylated species in a crude mammalian cell lysate which was found to contain 83±3 fmol in 3600 cell volumes. In addition, it is used to examine the uptake of biotin by individual sea urchin oocytes. The results indicate that, in the oocytes, biocytin is the prevalent form of biotin and its concentration varies widely between cells (mean=2±2 μM).
Porta: Profiling Software Tutorials Using Operating-System-Wide Activity Tracing

It can be hard for tutorial creators to get fine-grained feedback about how learners are actually stepping through their tutorials and which parts lead to the most struggle. To provide such feedback for technical software tutorials, we introduce the idea of tutorial profiling, which is inspired by software code profiling. We prototyped this idea in a system called Porta that automatically tracks how users navigate through a tutorial webpage and what actions they take on their computer such as running shell commands, invoking compilers, and logging into remote servers. Porta surfaces this trace data in the form of profiling visualizations that augment the tutorial with heatmaps of activity hotspots and markers that expand to show event details, error messages, and embedded screencast videos of user actions. We found through a user study of 3 tutorial creators and 12 students who followed their tutorials that Porta enabled both the tutorial creators and the students to provide more specific, targeted, and actionable feedback about how to improve these tutorials. Porta opens up possibilities for performing user testing of technical documentation in a more systematic and scalable way.
Circle and Torus Compactifications

In Chap. 2, we have reviewed some basic properties of some examples of 6d SCFTs. In this chapter, we would like to investigate torus compactifications of the theories which appeared in the previous chapter.
Does including neck CTA in work-up of suspected intracranial hemorrhage add value?

Neck CT angiography (CTA) is frequently performed in conjunction with head CTA in patients presenting with clinical signs and symptoms concerning for acute intracranial hemorrhage, despite relatively low appropriateness (ACR Appropriateness Criteria 2–6). This decision is sometimes justified by suggesting that CTA neck findings are useful in planning subsequent catheter angiography. We investigated the value of neck CTA in patients with suspected acute intracranial hemorrhage by reviewing 220 head and neck CTAs performed in our emergency room over a 24-month period for the indication of hemorrhage or headache. Images were reviewed by two neurointerventionalists to address the value of the neck CTA for planning catheter angiography. Findings helpful for performing catheter angiography were observed on neck CTA in 22% (Cohen kappa 0.65), and included anatomical arch variants such as a bovine arch, direct vertebral artery arch origin, and aberrant subclavian artery. However, findings that might substantially prolong angiography for more than 10 min if unknown occurred in 5% (Cohen kappa 0.69). Incidental findings prompting additional imaging or significant clinical action occurred in 20%. Subarachnoid hemorrhage on noncontrast head CT was strongly associated with a need for subsequent angiography. Although CTA neck can provide helpful information for planning catheter angiography, it rarely uncovers findings that would significantly prolong the procedure if unknown. Neck CTA is therefore only recommended in patients with a confirmed intracranial hemorrhage in a pattern consistent with aneurysm or arteriovenous shunt.
Simplifying College: A Simple Guide to Composing Readable College Materials

This how-to guide aims to help higher education practitioners compose readable text for pre-college students.
Nurses' Participation in Clinical and Administrative Decisions in Different Types of Hospital Units.

Objective This study explored the types of decisions and differences in decision making that nurses made in different types of hospital units. Background The relationship between nurses' participation in decision making and the different types of hospital units where they work is not well understood. Methods Nurses' participation in decision making was explored using the Participation in Decision Activities Questionnaire. The final sample included 307 nurses in 24 nursing units in 6 hospitals. Results Nurses overall participated more in clinical than administrative decisions, and there were significant differences based on unit type. Critical care nurses had the highest and general care units the lowest levels of participation in decision making. Conclusions Nurses in critical care units participated in higher amounts and at higher levels of clinical decisions overall than either intermediate or general care units. Nurse leaders should determine barriers to decision making in general care units and explore mechanisms to increase participation by clinical nurses.
Satirizing the Debating Society in Eighteenth-Century England.

Debating societies formed among tradesmen, craftsmen, professionals, and small businessmen of eighteenth-century England with the overt purpose of “improving” their members. A body of discourse aro...
A Reexamination of the Franklin Square.

IN CHAPTER 3 of his book Magic Squares and Cubes W. S. Andrews states in concise form what is known about the particular magic square invented by Benjamin Franklin. Included in this chapter is "An Analysis of the Franklin Square" by Paul Carus. Each of these authors gives a most penetrating treat ment of the subject, and an ingenious method of construction is described. Of this method, however, Carus admits: "We do not know the method employed by Franklin; we possess only the result, but it is not probable that he derived his square according to the scheme employed here" (P112). Without recapitulating the discussion in Andrews's book, to which the reader is referred, it may be observed that the chief peculiarity of Franklin's squares?8 X 8 and 16 X 16?is their excess of rows add ing up to the required sum. The ordinary magic square has horizontal rows, vertical rows, and 2 oblique rows?that is, 2(n + 1), making 18 such rows for an 8X8 square and 34 for a 16 X 16 square. In the Franklin squares there are no oblique rows, but in place of these there are 2n horizontal "bent" rows and 2n vertical bent rows?that is, 6n rows in all, making 48 such rows for an 8 X 8 square and 96 for a 16 X 16 square. (It is understood, of course, that the usual assumption holds true? that the left and right edges and the upper and lower edges in each case touch and are continuous.) Construction of the Franklin Square The construction of Franklin's two squares and the unlimited extension of the Franklin series (as well as an equivalent number of similar squares) is simplicity itself, not involving anything comparable to Carus's "simple alternation" and "quaternate transposition" but consisting of little more than an elementary exercise in counting and copying, with the applica tion of two or three simple rules. If we are looking for some method so simple that Franklin could amuse himself with it while performing his duties as clerk in the Pennsylvania Assembly, this method recommends itself as a likely candidate. The following steps will illustrate the formation of the 8X8 square: 1. Draw an 8 X 8 square. 2. Counting from the left edge, draw a heavy broken line from top to bottom between the second and third vertical rows (that is, n/4 squares from the edge). 3. Enter the numbers from 1 through 8 along this broken line in the following zigzag manner: o) Enter a quarter (1, 2) at the bottom, a quarter (3, 4) at the top, proceed ing upward with the odd numbers at the left of the broken line, the even numbers at the right, as seen in (a) of figure 1. b) Enter the remaining half (5-8) proceeding downward in the remain ing squares, odd numbers at the right of the broken line, even num bers at the left, also as seen in (a) of figure 1.
TDDiscourse: A Dataset for Discourse-Level Temporal Ordering of Events

Prior work on temporal relation classification has focused extensively on event pairs in the same or adjacent sentences (local), paying scant attention to discourse-level (global) pairs. This restricts the ability of systems to learn temporal links between global pairs, since reliance on local syntactic features suffices to achieve reasonable performance on existing datasets. However, systems should be capable of incorporating cues from document-level structure to assign temporal relations. In this work, we take a first step towards discourse-level temporal ordering by creating TDDiscourse, the first dataset focusing specifically on temporal links between event pairs which are more than one sentence apart. We create TDDiscourse by augmenting TimeBank-Dense, a corpus of English news articles, manually annotating global pairs that cannot be inferred automatically from existing annotations. Our annotations double the number of temporal links in TimeBank-Dense, while possessing several desirable properties such as focusing on long-distance pairs and not being automatically inferable. We adapt and benchmark the performance of three state-of-the-art models on TDDiscourse and observe that existing systems indeed find discourse-level temporal ordering harder.
Determiners and Bare Nouns

Determiners and bare nouns raise questions about the interface between morphosyntax and semantics. On the syntactic side, the primary issue is whether bare nouns have a null determiner making all n...
Immunosuppressive therapy for eye diseases: Effectiveness, safety, side effects and their prevention

Ocular inflammation is a significant cause of ocular morbidity and visual impairment. Topical, periocular, intraocular, and systemic corticosteroids are highly effective for treating appropriate forms of ocular inflammation. However, their use may be constrained by local and/or systemic side effects, especially if long-term therapy is required. As a result, immunosuppressive agents increasingly have been used to manage ocular inflammation alongside or in place of corticosteroids. The four categories of agents used today are antimetabolites [primarily methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and azathioprine]; T-cell inhibitors (usually cyclosporine, less often tacrolimus or sirolimus); alkylating agents (cyclophos-phamide and chlorambucil); and biologic agents [tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, lymphocyte inhibitors, and interleukin inhibitors]. The primary goals of immunosuppressive therapy are (1) to control inflammation when corticosteroids fail to do so; (2) to prevent corticosteroid-induced toxicity when the necessary corticosteroid dosage exceeds the desired or safe level (corticosteroid sparing); and (3) to treat specific high-risk uveitis syndromes known to respond poorly to corticosteroids alone. Growing evidence shows the effectiveness of immunosuppressive drugs in achieving these goals, as well as improved visual function, prevention of ocular complications, and in some cases even disease remission. However, these agents also have side effects, which must be considered in each patient's management. In this report, we summarize the effectiveness and safety of immunosuppressive drug therapy utilized in the treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases.
Adaptive Functioning in High-Risk Preschoolers: Caregiver Practices Beyond Parental Warmth

Prior research on caregiving behaviors associated with resilience in children exposed to adversity has focused primarily on broad constructs, such as parental warmth and supportiveness, as protective factors. In an effort to provide more precise analysis of caregiver behaviors related to adaptive functioning in high-risk preschoolers, the present study used a multi-method design to examine the unique and joint relations of specific emotion socialization behaviors and parental warmth with adaptive functioning in preschool-aged children. Participants were 124 children aged 3–6 years from Head Start programs and their primary caregiver. Caregivers and teachers reported on preschoolers’ functioning across multiple domains (emotion regulation, social competence, school readiness, and low levels of emotional/behavioral problems), and caregivers’ emotion coaching, validating, and invalidating behaviors were measured with self-report and observation. The emotion socialization behaviors together accounted for significant variance on a global index of adaptive functioning after accounting for exposure to adversity, with emotion coaching serving as a unique predictor. Further, parental warmth moderated the association between particular behaviors (caregiver-reported emotion coaching and observed emotional invalidation) and adaptive functioning. These results suggest that engaging in emotion socialization behaviors in the context of a warm and supportive relationship can promote positive developmental outcomes in high-risk preschoolers.
Formation and Annealing of Kr Precipitates in Ni Thin Films

Precipitation of Kr implanted into Ni at temperatures between 25 and 560°C, and the annealing behavior up to 600°C of Kr precipitates produced at room temperature have been studied with TEM. At implantation temperatures below about 300°C, Kr precipitation is driven by stochastic (non-diffusional) processes, and the precipitate size-distribution is monomodal. Precipitates with radii less than about 30A are solid Kr while larger precipitates are in the liquid or gas state. The crystal axis of the solid precipitates are aligned with the axis of the Ni. At higher implantation temperatures, the size-distribution evolves with dose from monomodal to bimodal. The small precipitates are solid Kr while large precipitates are faceted and nonsolid. The average Kr lattice parameter increases with increases in average precipitate size produced by either increasing Kr concentration or implantation temperature. During annealing of room temperature implanted Ni, little growth occurs until temperatures at which solid Kr melts. After Kr melting, precipitates become mobile leading to coalescence and rapid growth. Growth towards an equilibrium shape after coalescence frequently results in additional coalescence and catastrophic swelling. Rate theory modelling of both precipitation and annealing has suggested that solid Kr inhibits precipitate motion, and that Kr melting during implantation or thermal annealing is a precursor to rapid growth by coalescence due to precipitate migration.
Association of personality profiles with coping and adjustment to cancer among patients undergoing chemotherapy

Objective Specific personality traits are associated with differential use of various coping strategies. Few studies have examined the relationship between personality and coping in oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy. We, therefore, examined the relationship between previously identified personality profiles (ie, Distressed [14.3% of total sample], Normative [53.8%], Resilient [31.9%]) and measures of coping and adjustment. Methods Patients (n = 1248) undergoing chemotherapy for breast, gastrointestinal, gynecological, or lung cancer completed measures of personality (NEO-Five Factor Inventory), coping (Brief COPE), and psychological adjustment to cancer (Mental Adjustment to Cancer [MAC] scale). Differences in coping and adjustment among the three personality profiles were evaluated using analysis of variance. Results On the Brief COPE, the Distressed class endorsed lower use of Active Coping, Positive Reframing, Acceptance, Emotional Support (ie, "engagement" coping); and greater use of Denial, Venting, Behavioral Disengagement, Self-Blame (ie, "disengagement" coping) compared to the Normative and Resilient classes. On the MAC scale, the Distressed class scored higher on Anxious Preoccupation, Helplessness/Hopelessness, Fatalism, and Avoidance, and lower on Fighting Spirit, compared to the other two classes. Conclusions In this sample of oncology patients receiving chemotherapy, patients in the Distressed personality class showed a reduced repertoire of adaptive coping strategies, while those in the Resilient class reported greater use of adaptive or engagement coping strategies. Further work should examine the potential mediating or moderating role of coping and adjustment in the relationships between personality and patient outcomes. Interventions to enhance beneficial and reduce harmful coping strategies in cancer patients should be evaluated.
Higher Education and the School-Work Mismatch in an Evolving Labor Market

In relation to an evolving labor market, the main focus of this paper is to examine whether the traditional model of higher education is effectively matching graduate skills to labor market demand. In light of a growing student debt burden and proposals for significant expansions in higher education funding aid, this paper also assesses the orthodox view that a traditional college education is a human capital investment that yields a growing college wage premium. The paper reviews the existing literature on the school-work skills mismatch and concludes that there may be a need to rethink higher education policies to prepare future generations for an increasingly dynamic and evolving labor market.
Studying the history of tumor evolution from single-cell sequencing data by exploring the space of binary matrices

Abstract Single-cell sequencing data has great potential in reconstructing the evolutionary history of tumors. Rapid advances in single-cell sequencing technology in the past decade were followed by the design of various computational methods for inferring trees of tumor evolution. Some of the earliest of these methods were based on the direct search in the space of trees. However, it can be shown that instead of this tree search strategy we can perform a search in the space of binary matrices and obtain the most likely tree directly from the most likely among the candidate binary matrices. The search in the space of binary matrices can be expressed as an instance of integer linear or constraint satisfaction programming and solved by some of the available solvers, which typically provide a guarantee of optimality of the reported solution. In this review, we first describe one convenient tree representation of tumor evolutionary history and present tree scoring model that is most commonly used in the available methods. We then provide proof showing that the most likely tree of tumor evolution can be obtained directly from the most likely matrix from the space of candidate binary matrices. Next, we provide integer linear programming formulation to search for such matrix and summarize the existing methods based on this formulation or its extensions. Lastly, we present one use-case which illustrates how binary matrices can be used as a basis for developing a fast deep learning method for inferring some topological properties of the most likely tree of tumor evolution.
Accumulation of 3H-Lysine in Limbic and Brainstem Structures

The current literature is filled with numerous references concerning the effect of stimulation or lesion placement in limbic or brainstem regions on the function of the neuroendocrine system. Both anatomical and physiological evidence (Colvin et al. 1968, Hayward 1970, Innes and Michal 1970, Kawakami et al. 1968, Mietkiewski and Miskowiak 1969, Komisaruk et al. 1967, Shimada and Gorbman 1970, Terasawa and Timiras 1968, Martini 1969) suggest a functional interrelationship between these two components of the CNS which in turn may influence the hypothalamic release of factors regulating the anterior pituitary gland. With our interests in protein synthesis in the CNS (Ford 1967, Ford and Rhines 1969a, b, Ford and Rhines 1970a, b), particularly in relation to accumulation of amino acids in different types of neurons, we thought it would be of interest to compare amino acid accumulations in neurons and brain regions associated with limbic, neurosecretory and brainstem areas as compared to other regions of the CNS.
Trait-Augmented Games with Limited-Skill Agents

We present a framework populated by limited-skill agents whose cognitive abilities fall short of full rationality in two ways. First, the agents are incapable of considering all of the available ac...
The anatomy of the armoured ground cricket, Acanthoplus speiseri Brancsik 1895 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Hetrodinae)

ix GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW 1 Explanation of Dissertation Format 11 SECTION I. EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY 14 Abstract 14 Introduction 14 Body Tagmata 16 The head 16 The thorax 32 The abdomen 55 References 67 SECTION II. ENDOSKELETAL PROCESSES 69 Abstract 69 Introduction 70 Body Tagmata 70 The head 70 The thorax 77 The abdomen 92 References 98 SECTION III. INTERNAL ANATOMY 1: GENERAL MUSCULATURE AND THE GROSS MORPHOLOGIES OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL AND THE DORSAL BLOOD VESSEL 101 Abstract 10
Adjuvant Nivolumab in Esophageal Cancer - A New Standard of Care.

Esophageal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related illness and death throughout the world. Because there is no effective screening or early detection, most patients present with locally advance...
Fluid Catalytic Cracking

The sections in this article are Introduction and Overview History FCC Today Position in a Modern Petroleum Refinery Environmental Issues FCC Unit Hardware and Operations Unit Types Heat Balance Modes of Operation Regeneration Mode—Partial Burn vs. Full Burn Resid Processing Petrochemical Mode (Light Olefins) FCC Feeds Sources and Trends Molecular Types Characterization Effects on FCC Unit Operation Conradson Carbon and Feed Heaviness Feedstock Composition Metals: Ni, V, Na and Fe Sulfur Nitrogen The Chemistry of Catalytic Cracking Carbocations Formation of Carbocations Isomerization Reactions CarbonCarbon Bond Breaking by Beta-Scission Hydride Transfer (also Referred to as Hydrogen Transfer) Heteroatom Chemistry: Sulfur FCC Catalysts Description and Formulation Zeolite Component Zeolite Modifications Zeolite Activity and Selectivity Effects Matrix Commercial Matrices Effect of Matrix on Selectivity Characterization ZSM-5 Additives FCCU Environmental Emissions Controls Overview—Catalyst Versus Hardware Particulates Carbon Monoxide (CO) Sulfur Oxides (SOx) Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Laboratory Evaluations and Pilot Plant Testing Accelerated Aging of Catalysts Simulation of Metals Poisoning Reactor Types—Fixed Bed vs. Fluid Bed vs. Transport Phase Temperature Profile and Isothermal vs. Adiabatic Testing Summary and Future Trends in Catalytic Cracking Keywords: fluid catalytic cracking; petroleum refining; petrochemicals; zeolites; reactors; emissions
Diminished Voices: Polling, the Press, and the Representation of Black Perspectives in Political Discourse

In 1968, following a wave of civil unrest in large metropolitan areas across the United States, the Kerner Commission charged the news media to both expand its coverage of the Black community and incorporate African American perspectives into all aspects of news reporting. Since that time, a range of scholars have noted a reduction in the perpetuation of stereotypes of African Americans in news media. However, few studies have explored how the press represents African Americans as political subjects. Through content analysis of 163 news articles that cover reporting on public opinion by The Los Angeles Times between 2009 and 2016, and in-depth interviews with political elites, this paper examines how news media represent the views of Black voters when the press engages in polling and reports on mass opinion. I find moderate levels of quantification of Black attitudes, but very limited substantive reporting on African American political interests and perspectives, which fails to meet the standard set by the Kerner Commission. I argue that the lack of substantive coverage in discourse that quantifies public opinion contributes to the marginalization of Black voices and undermines the political significance of an ethno-racial subgroup that continues to contend for full incorporation into the American polity. Interviews with Black elected officials and community leaders reveal that this lack of attention to the views of Black voters has important implications for policy-making and the advancement of Black political interests.
Use of a Surgical Stepdown Protocol for Cost Reduction After Transsphenoidal Pituitary Adenoma Resection: A Case Series.

Objective No established standard of care currently exists for the postoperative management of patients with surgically resected pituitary adenomas. Our objective was to quantify the efficacy of a postoperative stepdown unit protocol for reducing patient cost. Methods In 2018–2020, consecutive patients undergoing transsphenoidal microsurgical resection of sellar lesions were managed postoperatively in the full intensive care unit (ICU) or an ICU-based surgical stepdown unit based on preset criteria. Demographic variables, surgical outcomes, and patient costs were evaluated. Results Fifty-four patients (27 stepdown, 27 full ICU; no difference in age or sex) were identified. Stepdown patients were also compared with 634 historical control patients. The total hospital length of stay was no different among stepdown, ICU, and historical patients (4.8 ± 1.0 vs. 5.9 ± 2.8 vs. 4.4 ± 4.3 days, respectively, P = 0.1). Overall costs were 12.5% less for stepdown patients (P = 0.01), a difference mainly driven by reduced facility utilization costs of –8.9% (P = 0.02). The morbidity and complication rates were similar in the stepdown and full ICU groups. Extrapolation of findings to historical patients suggested that ∼$225,000 could have been saved from 2011 to 2016. Conclusions These results suggest that use of a postoperative stepdown unit could result in a 12.5% savings for eligible patients undergoing treatment of pituitary tumors by shifting patients to a less acute unit without worsened surgical outcomes. Historical controls indicate that over half of all pituitary patients would be eligible. Further refinement of patient selection for less costly perioperative management may reduce cost burden for the health care system and patients.
Sex-dependent development of enhanced sympathoexcitation in sedentary versus physically active rats.

Key points The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) may contribute to sex-based differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on over activation of the sympathetic nervous system observed in sedentary male rats; however, the added influence of the reproductive cycle in females is currently unknown. To our knowledge this is the first study to demonstrate greater increases in sympathetic nerve activity in response to direct activation of the RVLM in female versus male rats prior to the onset of the reproductive cycle, which persisted after the onset of the reproductive cycle. Lower resting blood pressures in females also suggest peripheral adaptations contribute to sex-based differences in CVD. Sedentary versus physically active conditions appear to promote higher resting sympathetic outflow independent of age and sex. Our results demonstrate the importance of examining sedentary conditions in the context of sex-difference and the reproductive cycle in contributing to sympathetic overactivity associated with cardiovascular disease. Abstract Female reproductive hormones are considered cardioprotective based on higher risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in post- versus pre-menopausal women. Similarly, based on epidemiological studies, a sedentary lifestyle is also a major risk factor for CVD. The mechanisms by which sedentary conditions contribute to CVD, and their influences in the presence and absence of female reproductive hormones are unknown. We hypothesized that sexually immature male and female rats would have similar centrally-mediated regulation of blood pressure, but upon sexual maturation, female rats would have lower resting blood pressure and centrally-mediated sympathoexcitation compared to age-matched males. We also predicted resting sympathetic activity would increase upon exposure to sedentary versus active conditions (voluntary wheel running) in males but not in females. We recorded splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA) and blood pressure in four-, eight- and sixteen-week-old male and female rats under Inactin anesthesia before and during microinjections of glutamate (1-100 mM) into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Four-week-old female rats had lower resting blood pressure and greater sympathoexcitation following activation of the RVLM, as did eight- and sixteen-week-old female rats, independent of age or activity condition. Sedentary animals had higher baseline SSNA compared to active animals, independent of sex or age. Our results reveal a complex influence of the interactions between the female reproductive cycle and sedentary conditions. They also demonstrate the importance of examining sedentary conditions in the context of sex- and female reproductive cycle-dependent incidences of cardiovascular disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Study of catalyst performance of two inorganic/organic and inorganic/inorganic hybrid catalysts on the CO2 cycloaddition to propylene oxide: kinetics and thermodynamics

The behavior of two hybrid catalysts: inorganic/organic (KI/chitin) and inorganic/inorganic (KI/amorphous silica-alumina) on the CO2 cycloaddition to Propylene oxide has been compared. Conversions ...
WAVES GENERATED BY HORIZONTAL MOTION OF A WALL

An experimental investigation of the characteristics of surface waves generated by the time dependent horizontal motion of a vertical wall in water has been made, and the results compared with the numerical solutions obtained by Noda (1969) using linear theory. The experiments were made in two test flumes using various water depths, wall displacements and velocities of wall motion to determine the range of validity of the linearizaed solutions. The comparison of linear theory with the experimental data show the theory can be useful to the design engineer even for nonlinear waves at small distances from the wall.
'Sufficient' Capacity: The Contrasting Capacity Requirements for Different Documents

In Anglo-American law, the concept of mental "capacity" is used to measure the degree to which an individual has the "mental ability to understand the nature and effects of one's acts" as determined by a medical or cognitive assessment of an individual's mental ability. Based on an individual's mental capacity, the law decides whether the individual had sufficient capacity to engage in the action in question. The legal concept of mental capacity, therefore, is the basis for "when a state legitimately may take action to limit an individual's rights to make decisions about his or her own person or property." Different actions require different levels of mental capacity. The more complex the act or decision, the greater the level of capacity required; the requisite level of capacity varies with the situation. The required degree of legal capacity can be thought of as existing on a spectrum so that the legal capacity sufficient to perform certain acts may be considered insufficient to perform others. For example, the legal capacity required to make a will ("testamentary capacity") is lower than that required to enter into a valid contract. Consequently, in many jurisdictions, even though an individual has been found to lack the capacity to contract, the individual may still be found to have the requisite capacity to make a valid will. This article discusses the levels of capacity required to undertake a variety of legal acts, including executing valid wills, trusts, gifts, powers of attorney and contracts. This article also explores a doctrine that is closely related to the determination of testamentary capacity, the doctrine of "undue influence." Undue influence lies in the shadow land between testamentary capacity and the capacity to contract and is used by probate courts to invalidate the will of an individual whose capacity level is high enough for testamentary capacity, but too low to enable the testator to resist the importuning of another.
A proposed extended cavity for coaxial relativistic klystrons

The quality factor of a coaxial klystron cavity is relatively low due to the coupling to the TEM mode which can propagate in the annular channel. This leads to low efficiency, especially at high frequency, e.g., X-band. To mitigate this effect we replace the usual cavity with an extended length, active cavity. The cavity consists of either a coaxial structure partially loaded with dielectric material or with a periodic structure. The interaction of the electrons is with the TM 01 mode within the cavity, which extends over several wavelengths. Outside the loaded section only the TEM mode can exist. At the boundaries the TM 01 mode and the TEM mode are coupled therefore part of the power gained by the former mode is transferred to the TEM mode in the channel. One of the advantages of this system is the fact that the interaction length is larger than the wavelength, the local electric field intensity lower and therefore the breakdown probability is reduced. A theoretical analysis of the device is discussed including analytical and simulation work. Typical results for a 7 kA, 400 kV beam show an equivalent gain of 1 dB/cm can be expected at 9 GHz.