cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical localization of epidermal growth factor receptor during implantation in the rabbit.

Abstract Epidermal growth factor receptor was localized immunchistochemically during implantation (gestational days 7 through 14) in the rabbit. During early implantation (days 7 through 9), immunostaining was observed in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the syncytiotrophoblastic knobs. By day 8, immunoreactivity was most pronounced in knobs interacting directly with uterine epithelium but was noted in nonknob cytotrophoblast as well. Fetal membranes, identified by day 10, were stained intensely on all days examined. In later gestation the trophoblast was stained intensely on the surface and in the cytoplasm, with some staining over nuclei. No appreciable changes in the staining pattern were observed after day 10. Uterine epithelium demonstrated epidermal growth factor receptor staining first on the antimesometrial (day 7) and then the paraplacental epithelium (day 9). After day 10, most staining was at the embryo-maternal interphase. These data suggest that the embryo and uterine epithelia can receive signals from their environment during and after implantation through the epidermal growth factor receptor.
A Comparative Investigation of Commonly Used Methods of Measuring the Identification Process

(1969). A Comparative Investigation of Commonly Used Methods of Measuring the Identification Process. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 229-242.
Mitochondrial respiratory chain of Tetrahymena pyriformis. The thermodynamic and spectral properties.

Abstract The mitochondria isolated from the ciliate protozoon Tetrahymena pyriformis carry an oxidative phosphorylation with P/O ratio of 2 for succinate oxidation and P/O ratio of 3 for the oxidation of the NAD-linked substrates. The respiration is more than 90% inhibited with 1 mM cyanide while antimycin A and rotenone inhibit at concentrations of 1000-fold higher than those effective in mammalian mitochondria. Using a combination of spectral studies and potentiometric titrations, the components of the respiratory chain were identified and characterized with respect to the values of their half-reduction potentials. In the cytochrome bc1 region of the chain a cytochrome c was present with an Em7.2 of 0.225 V and two components with absorption maxima at 560 nm and the half-reduction potential values of −0.065 and −0.15 V at pH 7.2. The cytochrome with the more positive half-reduction potential was identified as the analogue of the cytochrome(s) b present in mitochondria of higher organisms, while the cytochrome with the more negative half-reduction potential was tentatively identified as cytochrome o. In addition ubiquinone was present at a concentration of approx. 4 nmol per mg mitochondrial protein. In the spectral region where cytochromes a absorb at least three cytochromes were found. A cytochrome with an absorption maximum at 593 nm and a midpoint potential of −0.085 V at pH 7.2 was identified as cytochrome a1. The absorption change at 615–640 nm, attributed usually to cytochrome a2 was resolved into two components with Em7.2 values of 0.245 and 0.345 V. It is concluded that the terminal oxidase in Tetrahymena pyriformis mitochondria is cytochrome a2 which in its two-component structure resembles cytochrome aa3.
Visual analysis of variance: a tool for quantitative assessment of fMRI data processing and analysis.

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is widely used for the study of experimental data. Here, the reach of this tool is extended to cover the preprocessing of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. This technique, termed visual ANOVA (VANOVA), provides both numerical and pictorial information to aid the user in understanding the effects of various parts of the data analysis. Unlike a formal ANOVA, this method does not depend on the mathematics of orthogonal projections or strictly additive decompositions. An illustrative example is presented and the application of the method to a large number of fMRI experiments is discussed.
Change in algal symbiont communities after bleaching, not prior heat exposure, increases heat tolerance of reef corals

Mutualistic organisms can be particularly susceptible to climate change stress, as their survivorship is often limited by the most vulnerable partner. However, symbiotic plasticity can also help organisms in changing environments by expanding their realized niche space. Coral–algal (Symbiodinium spp.) symbiosis exemplifies this dichotomy: the partnership is highly susceptible to ‘bleaching’ (stress-induced symbiosis breakdown), but stress-tolerant symbionts can also sometimes mitigate bleaching. Here, we investigate the role of diverse and mutable symbiotic partnerships in increasing corals' ability to thrive in high temperature conditions. We conducted repeat bleaching and recovery experiments on the coral Montastraea cavernosa, and used quantitative PCR and chlorophyll fluorometry to assess the structure and function of Symbiodinium communities within coral hosts. During an initial heat exposure (32 °C for 10 days), corals hosting only stress-sensitive symbionts (Symbiodinium C3) bleached, but recovered (at either 24 °C or 29 °C) with predominantly (>90%) stress-tolerant symbionts (Symbiodinium D1a), which were not detected before bleaching (either due to absence or extreme low abundance). When a second heat stress (also 32 °C for 10 days) was applied 3 months later, corals that previously bleached and were now dominated by D1a Symbiodinium experienced less photodamage and symbiont loss compared to control corals that had not been previously bleached, and were therefore still dominated by Symbiodinium C3. Additional corals that were initially bleached without heat by a herbicide (DCMU, at 24 °C) also recovered predominantly with D1a symbionts, and similarly lost fewer symbionts during subsequent thermal stress. Increased thermotolerance was also not observed in C3-dominated corals that were acclimated for 3 months to warmer temperatures (29 °C) before heat stress. These findings indicate that increased thermotolerance post-bleaching resulted from symbiont community composition changes, not prior heat exposure. Moreover, initially undetectable D1a symbionts became dominant only after bleaching, and were critical to corals' resilience after stress and resistance to future stress.
Water resources and environmental management: issues, challenges, opportunities and options

Managing water in an integrated and sustainable manner is currently challenging water resource managers throughout the world. It requires professionals from many disciplines working together with impacted stakeholders in crafting a strategy that is economically efficient, ecologically sound, and acceptable to all who are impacted by how this resource is managed over space and time. Such strategies can not be formed from the top down. However those at the top levels of government must be involved in facilitating a bottom-up, public participatory process of helping all those who are impacted by how water is allocated and managed achieve a shared vision of how their water resource system functions. This shared vision should include the economical, ecological and social impacts of alternative management policies, and the tradeoffs among conflicting multiple purposes for which water serves and among all economic, environmental and social objectives for which water can achieve. Appropriate technology is continually being developed that helps us manage water better, but it appears the real constraints to more effective management are often institutional or social. This paper attempts to outline some of the current water resources and environmental management issues and concerns, and suggests some ways of addressing them.
Effect of low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins, and cholesterol on apolipoprotein A‐I mRNA in Hep G2 cells

We have utilized the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, Hep G2, to study the effects of low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL), and free cholesterol on apolipoprotein (apo) A-I mRNA levels. Incubation of the Hep G2 cells with LDL and free cholesterol led to a significant increase in the cellular content of cholesterol without any effect on the yield of total RNA or in the cellular protein content. Our studies established that incubation with LDL or free cholesterol increased the relative levels of apoA-I mRNA in the Hep G2 cells. In contrast with cholesterol loading, HDL had the effect of lowering the levels of apoA-I mRNA. These results indicate the LDL and HDL pathways as well as intracellular cholesterol may be important in apoA-I gene expression and regulation.
A hydrodynamic model for the superfluid helium critical velocity in rough channels

Abstract A simple model for a Feynman type critical velocity is presented which explicitly involves surface roughness as well as channel size, and can be fitted to most low temperature critical velocities in small, rough channels.
Leveraging Knowledge for Operational Excellence

A recognition that pockets of business and process excellence existed alongside mediocrity led Texas Instruments to establish a Best Practice Sharing programme under the direction of the Office of Best Practices. The Office of Best Practices, launched in 1994, is a dedicated unit which helps Texas Instruments’ worldwide businesses to identify, access and transfer best practices. TI’s Best Practice Sharing initiative was implemented to provide a mechanism for dialogue between TI leadership and TI employees and to facilitate collaboration based on the company’s strengths and business gaps. The goal is to provide a quicker path to achieving business excellence. In addition to providing these solutions, the Best Practice Sharing project has provided TI employees with a greater sense of the synergies possible across the company and a greater feeling of shared vision. This paper reviews the TI‐BEST programme, the Best Practice Sharing initiative, and examines the lessons learnt and benefits gained from best practices knowledge sharing.
Globally convergent algorithms for nonsmooth nonlinear equations in computational fluid dynamics

In this paper we report on a computational study in which a nonsmooth discretization of the Euler equations for flow in a nozzle is solved with splitting method which is in turn globalized with the method of pseudo-transient continuation.
Rapid gelometric assay of theophylline

Abstract A simple gelometric procedure for rapid identification and determination of theophylline is described. The method is based on the observation that the addition of CuSO4 (1%) followed by the addition of Na2CO3 (2%) to theophylline forms a transparent bluish green gel. The gel is then treated with Na + K + -tartrate (4%) in 10% Na2CO3 to dissolve CuCO3Cu(OH)2 which would percipitate in the presence of excess CuSO4. The gel suspension is next centrifuged at 8000g and the supernatant is collected. The concentration of Cu2+ in the supernatant is measured spectrophotometrically at 410 nm by adding 10% NaN3 in 0.5 sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 (1:10). The decrease of absorbance at 410 nm is directly proportional to the increasing concentration of the drug in the sample (0–4 μmol). No other xanthine deriviative would form gel with CuSO4 under the above conditions.
A comparison of the emotional content of dreams recalled by young and elderly women.

Summary Twenty-four college and 37 elderly women kept diaries for six weeks, at the end of which they voluntarily submitted them for analysis. The college women selected significantly more emotions for their dreams than did the elderly women. Enjoyment-joy accounted for a significantly higher proportion of emotions in dreams of elderly than in those of college women; but anger-rage and fear-terror occurred significantly less often in dreams of the elderly. The results were interpreted as providing support for the continuity hypothesis which states that dream content is a reflection of one's daily life.
Psychometric properties of the HIV-Related Fatigue Scale.

The HIV-Related Fatigue Scale (HRFS) was developed to address the specific aspects of fatigue experienced by people who are HIV-positive and are not measured in any commonly used fatigue scale. The necessity for a new scale was determined after analysis of a qualitative study to explore HIV-related fatigue in which it was found that HIV-related fatigue has components related to intensity, circumstances, and consequences that must be included in the measurement of fatigue for this population. The HRFS has 56 items, most of which are on a 1-to-10 scale, drawn from five existing fatigue scales and the data from this qualitative study. The items were deemed content valid, easy to understand, and not fatiguing to complete by people with HIV-related fatigue. Cronbach's alpha for the entire tool was .94; internal consistency for each of the three preliminary subscales is reported as well. Test-retest reliability was moderate at r = .43. Further testing needs to be done, but the HRFS has the potential to be a valuable addition to the measurement of fatigue in seropositive persons.
Identification of Biochemically Distinct Properties of the Sumo Conjugation Pathway in Plasmodium Falciparum

Malaria affects millions of people worldwide, despite ongoing efforts in anti-malarial drug treatment, insecticide spraying and behavioral adaptations. Resistance to first-line anti-malarials, such as artemisinin, is becoming an increasing concern, and therefore the development of new drugs with novel targets is critical for effective malaria treatment. Many of the topline anti-malarial drugs work in part by overwhelming the parasite stress response. In eukaryotes, the oxidative stress response machinery includes antioxidants, such as glutathione and superoxide dismutase, as well as SUMOylation. SUMOylation is a post-translational modification that involves the covalent attachment of small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMOs) to proteins and is essential for normal cell growth and division. SUMO modification can lead to novel protein-protein interactions, as well as changes in substrate localization and/or function. The SUMOylation pathway has been identified in the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), however its role in the parasite and distinction from its human counterpart is still poorly understood. Using biochemical and biophysical studies, we demonstrated that human and Pf systems have distinct E1-E2 enzyme interactions, and our structural studies highlighted regions of the E1-E2 interaction domain that could be used to guide the development of parasite-specific inhibitors. We hypothesize that, like in other eukaryotes, SUMO plays an important role in parasite cell stress survival, and that parasite specific SUMOylation inhibitors could prove effective in combination with current anti-malarial drugs that work in part by overwhelming parasite stress response pathways.
Urethral closure pressure and leak-point pressure in incontinent women

Objective To examine the association between maximum urethral closure pressure and Valsalva leak-point pressure in women with genuine stress incontinence (GSI). Methods Fifty-six women with GSI were evaluated in a urodynamics laboratory. Maximum urethral closure pressure and vesical leak-point pressure were measured with multichannel urodynamic testing. The correlation coefficient and regression line were calculated. Results Forty subjects demonstrated a leak on Valsalva maneuver and, in these women, maximum urethral closure pressure and leak-point pressures were related significantly ( r = 0.62, P 2 O and absolute vesical pressure with Valsalva rather than with a change in vesical pressure. The sensitivity of leak-point pressure for predicting low urethral pressure was 100%. Conclusion There is a correlation between maximum urethral closure pressure and leak-point pressure that can provide useful information about incontinence in women.
Magnetic-field stimulated DNA oxidation

Abstract A reversible and cyclic magnetic-field stimulated DNA oxidation is described. Positioning an external magnet below the electrode attracts the DNA-functionalized magnetic particles to the surface, and stimulates the oxidation of the guanine nucleobases. Using a dual carbon-paste electrode assembly we demonstrate a spatially controlled DNA oxidation, with an `ON/OFF' switching of the electron-transfer reaction upon relocating the external magnetic field. The process can be reversed and repeated upon switching the position of the magnet, with and without oxidation signals in the presence and absence of the magnetic field, respectively. We also demonstrate a `magnetic' carbon-paste electrode, with an internal magnet, that collects the DNA-modified beads and stimulates the DNA oxidation process. The site-specific activation of the DNA oxidation holds promise for new DNA arrays and other genoelectronic applications.
Employing spatial information technologies to monitor biological control of saltcedar in West Texas

The saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhadha spp.) has shown promise as a biocontrol agent for saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) invasions in the USA. In Texas, natural resource managers need assistance in monitoring biological control of invasive saltcedars. This study describes application of a medium-format, digital camera acquiring natural colour imagery and global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies to check biological control of saltcedar in west Texas. On 8 July and 8 September 2011, natural colour airborne digital imagery was collected along a 155.8 km transect covering portions of Presidio and Brewster counties of Texas. The camera was tethered to a GPS receiver that geotagged each image and saved the coordinates to a key-hole marked up language file that was viewable on Google Earth. Saltcedar trees exhibiting severe feeding damage and those that were totally defoliated were easily identified in the imagery. The former appeared in orange to brown colour tones; the latter...
Considerations for the systematic analysis and use of single-case research.

Single-case research designs provide a rigorous research methodology for documenting experimental control. If single-case methods are to gain wider application, however, a need exists to define more clearly (a) the logic of single-case designs, (b) the process and decision rules for visual analysis, and (c) an accepted process for integrating visual analysis and statistical analysis. Considerations for meeting these three needs are discussed.
Our Stories: Essays on Life, Death, and Free Will

1. Introduction, "Meaning in Life and Death: Our Stories" 2. "Why is Death Bad?" 3. "Death, Badness, and the Impossibility of Experience" 4. "Death and the Psychological Conception of Personal Identity" 5. "Earlier Birth and Later Death: Symmetry Through Thick and Thin" 6. "Why Immortality is Not So Bad" 7. "Epicureanism About Death and Immortality" 8. "Stories" 9. "Free Will, Death, and Immortality: The Role of Narrative" 10. "Stories and the Meaning of Life"
Branch length heterogeneity leads to nonindependent branch length estimates and can decrease the efficiency of methods of phylogenetic inference.

Branch length estimates play a central role in maximum-likelihood (ML) and minimum-evolution (ME) methods of phylogenetic inference. For various reasons, branch length estimates are not statistically independent under ML or ME. We studied the response of correlations among branch length estimates to the degree of among-branch length heterogeneity (BLH) in the model (true) tree. The frequency and magnitude of (especially negative) correlations among branch length estimates were both shown to increase as BLH increases under simulation and analytically. For ML, we used the correct model (Jukes–Cantor). For ME, we employed ordinary least-squares (OLS) branch lengths estimated under both simple p-distances and Jukes–Cantor distances, analyzed with and without an among-site rate heterogeneity parameter. The efficiency of ME and ML was also shown to decrease in response to increased BLH. We note that the shape of the true tree will in part determine BLH and represents a critical factor in the probability of recovering the correct topology. An important finding suggests that researchers cannot expect that different branches that were in fact the same length will have the same probability of being accurately reconstructed when BLH exists in the overall tree. We conclude that methods designed to minimize the interdependencies of branch length estimates (BLEs) may (1) reduce both the variance and the covariance associated with the estimates and (2) increase the efficiency of model-based optimality criteria. We speculate on possible ways to reduce the nonindependence of BLEs under OLS and ML.
Processes dominating macro-fabric generation in periglacial colluvium

Abstract Mass wasting processes in a periglacial environment are considered to result from a combination of frost creep and gelifluction. The relative importance of these processes is often difficult to determine, but appears to be related to factors such as slope angle, soil moisture content, soil texture, and vegetation cover. Further, the importance of any one of these factors can vary from year to year, thereby making long term predictions of slope stability or reconstructions of behaviour history difficult. This study uses two-dimensional macro-fabric analysis as a recorder of the dominant mode of mass-wasting on a slope. Clast trend and plunge data were collected from 68 sites at Eagle Summit, Alaska, and examined in two separate dimensions: the plane of the slope to represent the stress-field driven by gravity; and in a vertical plane trending down the slope to represent the stress-field created by frost heaving pressures. Circular correlation tests indicate the importance of the downslope stress-field on clast position in the plane of the slope. In the vertical plane clast plunge varies according to slope. On gentle slopes, clasts tend to be steeply dipping, on moderate slopes they are parallel to the plane of the slope, and on steep slopes they are imbricated. These observations correspond to modeled experiments of slope deformation under periglacial conditions, and suggest that at the scale of the slope, mass-wasting processes are influenced by varying intensities of frost heave and gravity transfer that are conditioned by slope angle.
The Viper on the Hearth: Mormons, Myths, and the Construction of Heresy

Introduction Part I: Mormonism, Politics, and History 1. "Out of the Sphere of Religion": The Sacred, the Profane, and the Mormons 2. "This Upstart Sect": The Mormon Problem in American History 3. "Manners, Habits, Customs, and Even Dialect": Sources of the Mormon Conflict 4. "An Age of Humbugs": The Contemporary Scene 5. "This Great Modern Abomination": Orthodoxy and Heresy in American Religion Part II: Mormonism and Fiction 6. "Ground in the Presbyterian Smut Machine": The Popular Press, Fiction, and Moral Crusading 7. "The Ain't Whites...They're Mormons": Fictive Responses to the Anxiety of Seduction 8. "Murder and Mystery - Mormon Style": The Mormon Image in the Twentieth Century Notes Index
Adsorption and desorption of hydrolyzed metal ions. II. Cobalt and thorium

Abstract Adsorption of Co(II) and Th(IV) species on a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) latex, a polystyrene (PS) latex, and on silver bromide sols aged and in the nascent state has been studied as a function of pH. Removal of the counterions adsorbed at higher pH values was followed with time after the dispersions were acidified with nitric acid. Radiotracer, electrophoresis, and light scattering measurements were used to correlate the stability of these dispersions to adsorption/desorption phenomena.
Recyclable Polymer-Supported Organolanthanide Hydroamination Catalysts. Immobilization and Activation via Dynamic Transamination

A series of divinylbenzene cross-linked, amino-functionalized polystyrene resins such as aminomethylated polystyrenes of varying mesh size, piperazinomethyl polystyrene, 1,12-diaminododecanetrityl ...
A Classifier Based on Accurate Mass Measurements to Aid Large Scale, Unbiased Glycoproteomics

Determining which glycan moieties occupy specific N-glycosylation sites is a highly challenging analytical task. Arguably, the most common approach involves LC-MS and LC-MS/MS analysis of glycopeptides generated by proteases with high cleavage site specificity; however, the depth achieved by this approach is modest. Nonglycosylated peptides are a major challenge to glycoproteomics, as they are preferentially selected for data-dependent MS/MS due to higher ionization efficiencies and higher stoichiometric levels in moderately complex samples. With the goal of improving glycopeptide coverage, a mass defect classifier was developed that discriminates between peptides and glycopeptides in complex mixtures based on accurate mass measurements of precursor peaks. By using the classifier, glycopeptides that were not fragmented in an initial data-dependent acquisition run may be targeted in a subsequent analysis without any prior knowledge of the glycan or protein species present in the mixture. Additionally, from probable glycopeptides that were poorly fragmented, tandem mass spectra may be reacquired using optimal glycopeptide settings. We demonstrate high sensitivity (0.892) and specificity (0.947) based on an in silico dataset spanning >100,000 tryptic entries. Comparable results were obtained using chymotryptic species. Further validation using published data and a fractionated tryptic digest of human urinary proteins was performed, yielding a sensitivity of 0.90 and a specificity of 0.93. Lists of glycopeptides may be generated from an initial proteomics experiment, and we show they may be efficiently targeted using the classifier. Considering the growing availability of high accuracy mass analyzers, this approach represents a simple and broadly applicable means of increasing the depth of MS/MS-based glycoproteomic analyses.
Intramolecular‐intermolecular polymerization of nonconjugated diolefins

The literature dealing with the formation of cyclic recurring units in the polymerization of nonconjugated dienes by an intramolecular-intermolecular polymerization mechanism is reviewed. Carbocyclic rings and heterocyclic rings containing oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, and tin are considered.
p40 (ΔNp63) is more specific than p63 and cytokeratin 5 in identifying squamous cell carcinoma of bronchopulmonary origin: A review and comparative analysis

The therapeutic options now available for pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) are very different. The increasing demand to make a diagnosis on minimal tissue, ancillary techniques such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) are need to be highly sensitive and specific. The IHC marker p40 (ΔNp63) is a truncated isoform of p63 that is a promising IHC marker for SQCC. In this study, we have compared the specificity of p40(ΔNp63) IHC with p63 and cytokeratin 5 (CK5) on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cell blocks (CB). Thirty cases of pulmonary SQCC and 30 cases of pulmonary ADC with CB were selected. IHC for p40(ΔNp63), p63, and CK5 were performed on all paraffin-embedded CB serial sections. All cases (n = 30) of SQCC stained positive for p40(ΔNp63). All cases of bronchopulmonary ADC were negative for both p40(ΔNp63) and CK5. Six cases (20%) of bronchopulmonary ADC demonstrated nuclear staining for p63 in at least 10% of malignant cells. Our data support p40(ΔNp63) to be more sensitive and specific and possess a greater positive and negative predictive value for SQCC in comparison to p63. This study also documents that p40(ΔNp63) does not stain ADC, which p63 does in 20% of the cases. We also found that p40(ΔNp63) shows a greater sensitivity and negative predictive value when compared to CK5. In paucicellular CB the increased indices p40(ΔNp63) provides may be extremely helpful in confirming the diagnosis of SQCC, which may have significant therapeutic implications.
Estimating the economic value of wetlands: Principles, methods, and limitations

Abstract Few conceptually valid estimates of the economic value of wetlands exist. This is due, in part, to the complexity of the procedures needed to obtain such estimates in conjunction with the extensive data requirements of such procedures. In most cases, such data are lacking. This paper describes basic principles which underlie conceptually valid estimates of nonmarket and market values of wetlands and data needs for such estimates. The implications for wetlands management are explored for situations where such data are not available.
Impact of human rights on U.S. foreign assistance to Latin America

Building upon the contributions of previous studies of U.S. foreign aid, this study examines the relationship between human rights and U.S. foreign assistance. Concentrating on the years 1979–1985, the impact of human rights conditions on both economic and military aid allocations to Latin America is analyzed. The results of this analysis indicate that though other factors have a significant effect upon aid allocation, human rights are an important factor in determining the allocation of both U.S. economic assistance and U.S. military assistance. The findings suggest that those countries with better human rights conditions are likely to receive more U.S. aid than others.
Optimized machine-independent extended FORTRAN for minicomputer programming

A FORTRAN compiler is being developed to aid in writing systems and application programs for minicomputers. The compiler is machine-independent in the sense that it can be made to generate code for a new machine with relatively little effort. The FORTRAN language accepted by the compiler is extended to facilitate the writing of “systems” programs. Particular emphasis is placed on optimization of the generated code for efficiency of storage utilization.
Relevance of technology computer aided design (TCAD) to process-aware design

In order to produce future generations of integrated circuits (ICs), it is advantageous to have tighter coupling between process technology development and IC layout design. The first part of this paper describes a framework being developed in the technology computer aided design (TCAD) area that facilitates such coupling. The second part of the paper provides examples of coupling of product design with one of the areas within TCAD, lithography simulation. The success of optical proximity correction (OPC), for example, depends on accurate models that represent the lithography process, including photoresist performance. Some of the challenges in developing accurate resist models are addressed. In addition to OPC and the short-range effects it addresses, the impact of long-range effects is also described. Two such effects are lens aberrations and flare, with the latter being particularly dependent on the total layout.
Developing Critical Thinking Skills In The Intermediate Accounting Class: Using Simulations With Rubrics

A challenge of paramount importance facing college professors today is the development of students’ capacity for critical thinking skills. While this has long been an area of focused activity for educators, since the early 1980s in particular, it has become clear that critical thinking skills are essential to the ability of our students to compete globally. As teachers and professors at all levels have begun to focus greater attention on ways to develop critical thinking skills, we see the same trend reflected within the accounting profession. Research by Kealy (2005), Bonk (1998), Wolcott (1997), Kimmel (1995), and Doney (1993) demonstrates this interest among accounting faculty for students at both introductory and advanced levels. This paper defines critical thinking and explores tools that currently exist to develop the critical thinking skills of accounting students. Two particular tools, simulations and rubrics, are examined closely. This paper reports the results of a research study designed to assess the usefulness of rubrics, when combined with a simulation exercise, in an intermediate accounting class and its direct relationship to critical thinking skills related to performing analyses. While the use of the rubric did not appear to make a difference in the ability of students to perform complex analyses and draw conclusions in simulation exercise, the results of this research study highlight the need for accounting educators to continue to explore ways to develop strategies for improving students’ critical thinking skills.
An Einstein manuscript on the EPR paradox for spin observables

A formulation by Einstein of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen incompleteness argument found in his scientific manuscripts is presented and briefly commented on. It is the only known version in which Einstein discussed the argument for spin observables. The manuscript dates, in all probability, from late 1954 or early 1955 and hence also represents Einstein's latest version of the incompleteness argument and one of his last statements on quantum theory in general. A puzzling formulation raises the question of Einstein's interpretation of space quantization and the non-classical spin degree of freedom.
Identification and expression of two novel CLIP-170/Restin isoforms expressed predominantly in muscle.

Abstract CLIP-170 and Restin, microtubule-binding proteins originally cloned from human cells, are identical except for a stretch of 35 amino acids present in Restin, but missing from CLIP-170. Here we present the discovery of two novel isoforms of the CLIP-170/Restin gene in both chickens and humans. One of the new isoforms, named CLIP-170(11), contains an 11 amino acid insert instead of the 35 amino acid insert found in Restin. Eight of these 11 amino acids, including a helix-breaking proline residue, are perfectly conserved between chickens and humans. The second new isoform, named CLIP-170(11+35), contains both the 11 and 35 amino acid inserts in tandem. PCR analysis of chicken genomic DNA revealed that all four isoforms result from differential splicing of two exons in a region of the CLIP-170 gene that contains ∼8.6 kb of intervening sequence. We found that the CLIP-170(11) and CLIP-170(11+35) are expressed preferentially in muscle tissues. Chicken and human skeletal muscle express predominantly CLIP-170(11) and to a lesser extent CLIP-170 and CLIP-170(11+35). Adult chicken cardiac and smooth muscles also express CLIP-170(11) and CLIP-170(11+35), but CLIP-170 is the predominant isoform in these muscles as it is in all other tissues except brain. The ratios of CLIP-170 isoform expression found in embryonic and adult chicken cardiac muscles reveal that isoform expression is regulated differentially in different developmental stages as well as in different tissues.
Isolation and Characterization of a Protective Antigen-Containing Particle from Culture Supernatant Fluids of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

The mouse-protective activity of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae culture supernatant fluids exists in a polydisperse form, ranging in density from aggregates which sediment at 10,000 × g for 3 hr to soluble units which will not sediment at 198,000 × g for 12 hr. A partially purified protective antigen has been isolated from the aggregates sedimented from a concentrate of the culture supernatant fluid at 20,000 × g for 3 hr. These aggregates contained the major protective antigen or antigens of E. rhusiopathiae, since, in addition to inducing active immunity, they adsorbed essentially all of the passively protecting antibody from rabbit antiserum produced by immunization with whole culture. The protective activity in these aggregates was destroyed by trypsin and greatly diminished by muramidase and heating at 64 C, but was not affected by lipase or ribonuclease.
Improvement of Relaxation in an Atherosclerotic Artery by Gene Transfer of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase

Abstract —Gene transfer with replication-deficient adenovirus is a useful tool to study vascular biology. We have reported that overexpression of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) in carotid arteries from normal rabbits augments vasorelaxation mediated by NO. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) improves impaired relaxation of atherosclerotic vessels. We used 2 replication-deficient adenoviruses: AdeNOS, which carries cDNA for eNOS, and Adβgal, which expresses β-galactosidase. Common carotid arteries from 10 New Zealand White (NZW; plasma cholesterol, 79±13 mg/dL) and 10 Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL; plasma cholesterol, 452±39 mg/dL) rabbits were incubated in organ culture with AdeNOS, Adβgal, or vehicle alone. Carotid arteries from WHHL rabbits had mild to moderate atherosclerotic lesions. Histochemical staining for β-galactosidase and immunohistochemistry for eNOS indicated transgene expression in the endothelium and adventitia in both NZW and WHHL rabbits. Expression of eNOS determined with Western blot analysis after incubation with AdeNOS tended to be higher in vessels from WHHL rabbits than NZW rabbits. Effects of transgene expression on vascular function were examined by recording isometric tension 1 day after transduction. After precontraction with phenylephrine, acetylcholine produced significantly less relaxation in vessels from WHHL rabbits than in vessels from NZW rabbits. Relaxation in response to acetylcholine was greater in carotid arteries from both NZW and WHHL rabbits that were transfected with AdeNOS than in vessels treated with vehicle or Adβgal. Vasorelaxation in response to acetylcholine was inhibited by N ω-nitro-l-arginine. Responses to sodium nitroprusside were similar after treatment with vehicle alone, Adβgal, or AdeNOS in both groups of rabbits. Thus, overexpression of eNOS with an adenoviral vector improves impaired NO-mediated relaxation in atherosclerotic arteries.
NEST DESERTION AND APPARENT NEST PROTECTION BEHAVIOR BY BELL'S VIREOS IN RESPONSE TO COWBIRD PARASITISM

Abstract Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii) deserted 51% of nests parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in central Missouri from 1996–1998. Deserting vireo pairs fledged more host young within a season than pairs that accepted cowbird eggs when only successful nests were considered; parasitized acceptor nests never fledged any vireo young. Vireo pairs that deserted did not always desert parasitized nests. We observed five encounters between female cowbirds and Bell's Vireos at four nests. In one observation the female vireo used nest-protection behavior, which resulted in the cowbird egg appearing beneath the nest; this nest was not deserted. We found a total of eight nests where cowbird eggs remained on the ground below nests, five of which were abandoned. Nest desertion appears to benefit Bell's Vireos by allowing for unparasitized renests, but the stimuli eliciting nest desertion by Bell's Vireos remain in need of further study. Desercion de Nidos y Aparente Comportamiento Protector de Vireo ...
Alveolar epithelial surface area-volume relationship in isolated rat lungs.

In vitro studies of the alveolar epithelial response to deformation require knowledge of the in situ mechanical environment of these cells. Because of the presence of tissue folding and crumpling, ...
A REVISION OF THE NEW RIODINID BUTTERFLY GENUS DACHETOLA (LEPIDOPTERA: RIODINIDAE)

Abstract The new riodinid genus Dachetola, tribe Riodinini, is described and illustrated from Central and South America. Four species are recognized: azora Godart, [1824], and virido Lathy, 1958, are transferred from Chalodeta Stichel to Dachetola (comb. novs.), and caligata Stichel, 1911, and pione Bates, 1868, are transferred from Calospila Geyer to Dachetola (comb. novs.). Dachetola is hypothesized to be most closely related to Metacharis Butler.
Improved integer programming approaches for chance-constrained stochastic programming

The Chance-Constrained Stochastic Programming (CCSP) is one of the models for decision making under uncertainty. In this paper, we consider the special case of the CCSP in which only the right-hand side vector is random with a discrete distribution having a finite support. The unit commitment problem is one of the applications of the special case of the CCSP. Existing methods for exactly solving the CCSP problems require an enumeration of scenarios when they model a CCSP problem using a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP). We show how to reduce the number of scenarios enumerated in the MIP model. In addition, we give another compact MIP formulation to approximately solve the CCSP problems.
Interlocked positive and negative feedback network motifs regulate β-catenin activity in the adherens junction pathway

Quantitative experiments and mathematical modeling show that the activity of β-catenin in the adherens junction pathway is regulated by interlocked network motifs consisting of a positive feedback ...
Vitamin-d Resistant Rickets: A Long-term Clinical Study Of Eleven Patients

The regulation of vitamin-D dosage by means of twenty-four-hour urinary calcium values is relatively simple and requires no unusual laboratory procedures. If carefully applied, partial roentgenographic healing can occur and this status can be maintained permitting a nearly normal rate of growth and avoidance of hypervitaminosis D. The importance of avoiding hypervitaminosis D is stressed. Repeated swings from hypovitaminosis to hypervitaminosis D merely alternates one disturbance of bone metabolism for another; both deplete the skeleton. Adequate therapy must maintain the child as nearly normal as possible, despite the chronic hypophosphatemia. Under adequate vitamin-D therapy the leg deformities may improve but in our cases did not correct completely. Surgical correction is usually necessary. However, this is indicated only after regulation with adequate vitamin-D therapy. The deformities often recur if the therapy is interrupted or is grossly inadequate. The parents are always warned that this is a chronic metabolic disease which must be followed throughout life and is especially hazardous during growth for the prevention of deformities and the maintenance of a normal rate of growth, but may recur in later years. The general practitioner should also be informed that children whose rickets does not heal promptly with customary doses of vitamin D are not suffering from simple rickets and should be referred to clinics where their disease can be treated and followed adequately.
APPLICATION OF NON-HOMOGENOUS HMM ON DETECTING SECURITY FENCE BREACHING

In this paper, we present a reliable and accurate low computational complexity classifier for a fence intrusion detection sensor. The sensor, a standalone perimeter security sensor, classifies six different types of intrusion attempts on chain-link fences. The designed classifier, a dynamic sequence analyzer followed by a static classifier, obtains more than 95 percent accuracy in intrusion classification. Furthermore, its computational simplicity allows for the classifier to be run on the sensor’s 16 MIPS processor. The sequence analyzer, a HMM with time-dependent transition probability matrix; localizes the most probable time window of different intrusion classes. Then, the static classifier utilizes the analyzer output in intrusion classification. The implemented HMM, a specific set of non-homogenous HMM, has been defined and trained using the Baum-Welch technique. The nonhomogenous HMM accuracy in intrusion localization surpasses homogenous HMM; while the designed classifier achieves three percent improvement comparing to a HMM classifier.
Integration of Nanoparticles Into and Onto Optical Fiber Sensors

Metallic and semi-conducting nano-particles were incorporated into and on the surface of optical fibers to form sensors and other optoelectronic devices on standard telecommunications grade optical fibers. Optical fibers provide a macroscopic platform to exploit the wide range of functionality inherent in nanostructures and nano-particles. Several ways of forming sensitive and robust chemical sensors, based on plasmon resonances of metallic islands and nano-particles, were demonstrated. These nano-particles were formed on tip or surface of the optical fibers by thermal or plasma arc annealing of very thin (4 -12 nm) gold films, that were deposited by electron beam deposition and sputtering. Development of in-line optical fiber structures, involving single mode or multimode optical fibers fused to an arrangement of coreless and graded index fibers, was also carried out. This enabled light propagating in the core of the optical fiber to expand to the surface of the coreless fiber and to effectively interact with nano-particles on the surface and the environment. Metallic and semiconducting nano-particles were also incorporated inside an optical fiber matrix and this could enable us to effectively characterize novel materials and possibly form optical switches. Moreover, these optical fiber sensors and devices were integrated into textile structures to explore the possibility of formation of optoelectronic textiles.
Comparison of Characteristics Between Three-line Early Hybrid Rice and Two-line Early Hybrid Rice

In this article,we analyzed the status of 34 early hybrid rice combinations which were registered and released in Hunan Province during 1986—2005,and compared the differences in major characters between twoline early hybrid rice and three-line early hybrid rice based on the data of the regional trials from 2001 to 2005.Two-line early hybrid rice had relatively higher yield, shorter growth duration,and stronger resistance to rice blast than three-line early hybrid rice,but it was inferior in the performance of rice quality(chalky rice percentage) and plant height.However,for all of the early hybrid rice combinations,it is necessary to shorten the growth duration,decrease the chalky rice percentage and improve the disease resistance, especially the resistance to rice blast.The key issues to further raise the yield of early hybrid rice were put forward.
An approach to the diagnosis of anaerobic pleuropulmonary infections.

Guidelines for the collection and transportation of appropriate respiratory specimens for identification of anaerobes are emphasized. Procedures useful in the diagnosis of anaerobic infections of the lung and pleura and the role of antimicrobial susceptibility testing in such infections are described.
Comparison of Nucleic Acid Hybridization Assays and Biochemical Characterization Tests for the Confirmation of Listeria monocytogenes.

A comparison was made of various biochemical and nucleic acid hybridization assays used for the confirmation of Listeria monocytogenes. Identification and confirmation tests included traditional carbohydrate utilization tests, several types of hemolysis assays, an immunocompromised mouse-pathogenicity test, the API® LISTERIA identification system, the Biolog GP MicroPlate™, a prototype Biolog Listeria MicroPlate™, and two nucleic acid hybridization assays (a slot-blot assay and the commercially available AccuProbe™ L. monocytogenes culture confirmation test). A panel of 44 Listeria isolates, including representatives from all six existing Listeria species, was tested. A considerable number of the L. monocytogenes isolates tested gave ambiguous reactions on the CAMP-hemolysis assay. In many instances, the Biolog GP MicroPlate™ was unable to differentiate L. monocytogenes from other Listeria species. Reactions on the prototype Listeria MicroPlate™ mirrored those of traditional biochemical tests, but additio...
Multimodal Therapy in the Management of Advanced Penile Cancer

A multimodal approach to therapy is increasingly used in treating men with advanced penile cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy improves outcomes in chemotherapy-naive men with node-positive positive disease, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy can downstage bulky nodal disease sufficiently to permit surgery and has the potential to offer durable long-term survival. However, there remain several unanswered questions in this field, and international collaboration in the form of clinical trials is required to optimize treatment and improve survival in men with advanced penile cancer.