cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Accentuate the Positive; Eliminate the Negative”: Hegemonic Interest Convergence, Racialization of Latino Poverty, and the 1968 Bilingual Education Act

Derrick Bell's interest convergence thesis is a seminal framework to analyze social change within critical race theory. While interest convergence's influence has grown, two foundational questions have been raised: do interest groups act rationally; does interest convergence also offer a change prescription or only an explanation of prior events. By revisiting Bell's early influences, via the concept of hegemony, the article intervenes in these two formative debates by offering a reimagined analytic framing that I term “hegemonic interest convergence.” The article then applies this concept to analyze how broader political economic shifts shaped the struggles within which the 1968 Bilingual Education Act arose. I demonstrate that support for bilingual education stemmed from a seeming interest convergence among policymakers and Latino activists based on economic, rather than cultural, concerns regarding poor urbanizing Latino communities. In doing so, policymakers promoted the bill as a concession to redire...
A Zinc–Cerium Cell for Energy Storage Using a Sodium‐Ion Exchange Membrane

The redox flow battery with a zinc–cerium (Zn–Ce) chemistry has been developed for about 10 years. Under the traditional battery development principle, a Zn–Ce cell has to be operated with an acidic electrolyte to sustain the redox reactions of Ce compounds (Ce(IV) ↔ Ce(III)) at the positive electrode. However, the use of an acidic electrolyte poses a serious corrosion issue on Zn and limits the electrochemical potential of the Zn electrode. Here, a novel Zn–Ce battery is presented with an alkaline electrolyte at the negative electrode side (anolyte) and an acidic electrolyte at the positive electrode side (catholyte). The two different-pH liquid electrolytes are separated by a sodium-ion (Na+-ion) solid-electrolyte separator. The Na+-ion, shuttling through the solid electrolyte, is not involved in the redox reactions but rather acts as an ionic mediator to sustain the redox reactions at the negative and positive electrodes. Use of an alkaline anolyte not only eliminates the Zn corrosion problem but also enhances the cell voltage of the Zn–Ce system. In addition, the use of a solid electrolyte prevents the crossover of the liquid electrode materials (Ce(IV) or Ce(III)) and circumvents the concerns of Zn dendrite penetration.
A preconditioning approach for improved estimation of sparse polynomial chaos expansions

Abstract Compressive sampling has been widely used for sparse polynomial chaos (PC) approximation of stochastic functions. The recovery accuracy of compressive sampling highly depends on the incoherence properties of the measurement matrix. In this paper, we consider preconditioning the underdetermined system of equations that is to be solved. Premultiplying a linear equation system by a non-singular matrix results in an equivalent equation system, but it can potentially improve the incoherence properties of the resulting preconditioned measurement matrix and lead to a better recovery accuracy. When measurements are noisy, however, preconditioning can also potentially result in a worse signal-to-noise ratio, thereby deteriorating recovery accuracy. In this work, we propose a preconditioning scheme that improves the incoherence properties of measurement matrix and at the same time prevents undesirable deterioration of signal-to-noise ratio. We provide theoretical motivations and numerical examples that demonstrate the promise of the proposed approach in improving the accuracy of estimated polynomial chaos expansions.
Memory, Education, and Textbooks

The powerful link between collective memory and history is particularly salient in the educational system. This chapter analyzes the important role of school history education and social discourse in forming collective memories. Through examples from different countries, this chapter analyzes the important functions of history education and school textbooks as “the modern version of village storytellers,” authoritative narratives and “supreme historical court,” tools of ideology for glorifying, consolidating, legitimizing, and justifying, and chronicling relations with others. This chapter also discusses research methods of using history textbooks and social discourse as data and sources for research.
A quantifiable approach to approximate computing: special session

Approximate computing has applications in areas such as image processing, neural computation, distributed systems, and real-time systems, where the results may be acceptable in the presence of controlled levels of error. The promise of approximate computing is in its ability to render just enough performance to meet quality constraints. However, going from this theoretical promise to a practical implementation requires a clear comprehension of the system requirements and matching them to the design of approximations as the system is implemented. This involves the tasks of (a) identifying the design space of potential approximations, (b) modeling the injected error as a function of the level of approximation, and (c) optimizing the system over the design space to maximize a metric, typically the power savings, under constraints on the maximum allowable degradation. Often, the error may be introduced at a low level of design (e.g., at the level of a full adder) but its impact must be percolated up to system-level error metrics (e.g., PSNR in a compressed image), and a practical approach must devise a coherent and quantifiable way of translating between error/power tradeoffs at all levels of design.
Understanding the structure and reactivity of the C–S linkage in biologically active 5-arylthio-5H-chromenopyridines

Molecules based on the 5-arylthio-5H-chromenopyridine structure have been studied for a variety of medicinal applications, including liver fibrosis. We have recently found that the C–S linkage can be cleaved with Pt(II) and Au(I), something that was not previously recognized. In this current work, we examine the structure, properties, and reactivity of 5-arylthio-5H-chromenopyridines using spectroscopy, crystallography, reactivity, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and electrochemistry. We report the crystal structures of 5-arylthio-5H-chromenopyridines, as well as their DFT-calculated structures and electronic structures. The DFT calculations help to explain the electronic properties of these complexes, such as the observation that “soft” metals cleave the C–S bond. We find that the arylthio group is a good leaving group on these molecules due to the stability of the carbocation that is formed, and can be removed via reduction with NaBH4. Methoxy-substituted chromenopyridines were found to be viable at inhibiting liver fibrosis. These results will help inform the biological studies with these compounds to determine method of action and enhance development of new drug molecules with increased stability and activity based on the 5H-chromenopyridine scaffold.
The Self of the therapist in epistemological context: A multicultural relational perspective

A multicultural relational perspective to self of the therapist work is introduced as a philosophical stance and approach to clinical practice and training. It is based on three core interrelated t...
Gender differences in tobacco use among U.S. Special Olympics athletes.

Abstract Background The rise in women's tobacco use and subsequent health complications has generated an increase in gender-related tobacco use research. However, no research has examined gender's influence on tobacco use among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Objective To examine 1) tobacco use prevalence rates among men and women with IDD, and 2) correlates of tobacco use among men and women with IDD. Methods This study examined gender differences in tobacco use among a sample of 3587 adult U.S. Special Olympics athletes who participated in health screenings from 2007 to 2014. The athletes were aged 18–89 (M = 32.86); 55.8% were male. Prevalence rates were calculated for men and women, and logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine tobacco use's association with age, blood pressure, body mass index, family member tobacco use, and daily fruit and vegetable consumption for each gender. Results Women's tobacco use prevalence was 4.1%, and men's was 9.4%. The only variable significantly associated with women's tobacco use was family member use, while men's tobacco use was associated with age, systolic blood pressure, family member tobacco use, and fruit and vegetable consumption. Conclusion Results shed light on possible courses of action for reducing tobacco use among women and men with IDD. Further research is needed to develop effective prevention and intervention approaches appropriate for people with IDD.
Instructor Clarity, Humor, Immediacy, and Student Learning: Replication and Extension

This study replicates and extends three widely cited instructional communication research studies regarding instructor clarity, humor, immediacy, and students’ learning: Richmond, Gorham, and McCro...
Community Participation in Post-Disaster Shelter Programs: Examining the Evolution of Participation in Planning, Design, and Construction

National Science Foundation; Nicolas R. and Nancy D. Petry Fellowship in Construction Engineering and Management; United States Agency for International Development Office for US Foreign Disaster Assistance; Department of Education’s Graduate Assistantships in Areas of National Need (GAANN); University of Colorado Innovative Seed Grant
The Arabidopsis Twinkle homologue is targeted to mitochondria and has both DNA primase and DNA helicase activities that control mtDNA copy number

Plant mitochondrial genomes are large, complex, and may replicate by a recombination-dependent mechanism or by more than one mechanism. We have identified an Arabidopsis nuclear-encoded gene for a ...
Morphological Techniques for Study of the Kidney

The structure and function of the kidney are inextricably related, not only on a gross organ level but on a tissue, cellular, subcellular, and atomic level as well. On a tissue level, the looping shape of the nephron is a clue to its countercurrent function. On a cellular level, the elaborate shape of the proximal convoluted tubular cells provides an increased surface area and an elaborate labyrinth of extracellular spaces to facilitate active sodium reabsorption. Even on a subcellular level, the morphology of cell junctions explains the specific and varying permeabilities for the various nephron segments (Schwartz and Venkatachalam, 1974; Whittembury and Rawlins, 1971). Hence, exploitation of anatomical techniques becomes an important if not obligatory component of pathophysiological studies of the kidney.
Efficiency in the Regulatory Crucible: Navigating 21st Century ‘Smart’ Technology and Power

The flow of money in U.S. energy policy choices has consequences, and the Obama administration’s 2009 federal stimulus package presents an interesting policy scenario. The current administration wants to pivot postindustrial America away from emitting global-warming gases and powering its economy with fossil fuels. Indeed, changing the energy technology and infrastructure of the United States has been the cornerstone of the Obama administration’s domestic policy. The federal government devoted significant amounts of stimulus funding to this agenda. It also maintained preferences for certain investments in energy efficiency and renewable energy through the tax code. A change of this significance revolving around a resource as essential as energy is a fundamental shift that has happened only a few times in history and could well be one of the most profound changes of the century. Even though the Obama administration’s goal was to change the technology of American energy use, the most pressing energy issues are not technological in nature; they are legal, regulatory, practical, and political. This article will follow the money in the 2009 federal stimulus package for each part of the new energy infrastructure puzzle and will chart the policy conundrums and legal barriers that each element confronts. Part I will provide an introduction to the challenges that the development of renewable energy, energy efficiency, and conservation present. Part II will focus in great detail on the development of the smart grid and renewable power in the United States, and the associated legal, regulatory, political, and practical challenges. Part III will focus on the progress of the promotion of energy efficiency and conservation measures in this country, and the primary challenges that these measures face. This article concludes that energy efficiency and conservation measures are a cost-efficient means of beginning to transform our country’s use of and relationship with energy, and that these strategic measures face dramatically fewer roadblocks to progress than do development of renewable energy and its integration into the grid.
Simple Versus Multichannel Cystometry in the Evaluation of Bladder Function in an Incontinent Geriatric Population

Bladder capacity and stability were determined among 171 incontinent geriatric patients (mean age 80 years) with 2 techniques: a simple procedure for cystometry involving incremental bladder filling by gravity and a continuous water filling multichannel cystometrogram. Bladder capacities measured by both methods in 164 patients were correlated significantly by simple linear regression (r equals 0.75, p equals 0.0001) and they were not significantly different by paired t tests (t equals 1.20, p equals 0.23). Of the patients 110 (64 per cent) had detrusor motor instability or hyperreflexia on the multichannel cystometrogram, and simple cystometry had a sensitivity of 75 per cent, specificity of 79 per cent and positive predictive value of 85 per cent for this finding. The simple procedure was practical, well tolerated and helped to provide information for management decisions that would have been difficult to obtain from many of these geriatric patients without a formal and more complex urodynamic evaluation. When performed with other simple tests of lower urinary tract function and interpreted in conjunction with a few straightforward clinical criteria, simple cystometry can be helpful to assess bladder function among incontinent geriatric patients in settings in which formal urodynamics are either unavailable or impractical.
Project AIM: Bringing Evidence-Based Programs into Community-Based Services

Project Adult Identity Mentoring (AIM) is a positive youth development program targeting HIV risk prevention in middle school students that is currently designated as an Effective Behavioral Intervention by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Project AIM has been piloted among diffuse populations of youth. This chapter discusses the implementation of Project AIM among youth at risk for joining gangs in Los Angeles and examines the appropriateness, acceptability, feasibility and accuracy of Project AIM’s delivery within community services. Specifically, evaluations are provided on the responses of relevant stakeholders, including those of case managers, parents of youth, and the youth themselves. Program staff had the capacity to deliver Project AIM with accuracy, and the responses from the youth were uniformly favorable. Results suggest that Project AIM is an excellent fit to the service setting and program mission of city-initiated gang-prevention and reduction services. A discussion provides an overview of the challenges and successes of integrating sustainable evidence-based prevention programs into existing practices.
Plasmapheresis and Total Plasma Exchange in the PICU

In its most general sense, apheresis refers to techniques for large-scale removal of selected components of the blood. “Plasmapheresis” refers to removal of plasma, “erythrocytapheresis” to removal of red blood cells, and “leukapheresis” to removal of white blood cells. The provision of apheresis for critically ill children is becoming more commonplace as the immunobiology of various acute diseases is becoming elucidated, yet is challenging due to a number of unmodifiable factors.
The Potent ITK/BTK Inhibitor Ibrutinib Is Effective for the Treatment of Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania donovani.

Background New drugs are needed for leishmaniasis because current treatments such as pentavalent antimonials are toxic and require prolonged administration, leading to poor patient compliance. Ibrutinib is an anticancer drug known to modulate T-helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 responses and has the potential to regulate immunity against infectious disease. Methods In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of oral ibrutinib as a host-targeted treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani using an experimental mouse model. Results We found that oral ibrutinib was significantly more effective than the pentavalent antimonial sodium stibogluconate (70 mg/kg) for the treatment of VL caused by L. donovani. Ibrutinib treatment increased the number of interleukin 4- and interferon γ-producing natural killer T cells in the liver and spleen and enhanced granuloma formation in the liver. Further, ibrutinib treatment reduced the influx of Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes, which mediate susceptibility to L. donovani. Finally, ibrutinib treatment was associated with the increased production of the cytokines interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 4, and interleukin 13 in the liver and spleen, which are associated with protection against L. donovani. Conclusions Our findings show that oral ibrutinib is highly effective for the treatment of VL caused by L. donovani and mediates its antileishmanial activity by promoting host immunity. Therefore, ibrutinib could be a novel host-targeted drug for the treatment of VL.
FAKENEWS in Gotham City

“This house,” a stoned Mad Hatter leers at Batman in the graphic novel Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth, “It…does things to the mind.” While there is little doubt that the cursed walls of Arkham must wreck havoc on the minds of the poor souls confined therein, what about those residents of Gotham City who are not so confined? How do Gotham’s citizens form opinions about their city—and Batman’s place therein—and what forces work to shape and refine these opinions? This chapter explores these questions, and then asks why it is that Gotham City’s citizens continue to place so much trust in the news media, while, in reality, Americans’ trust in the media only decreases.
A Long Way to Go: Collective Paths to Racial Justice in Geography

Despite decades of recognition and worry about diversity, our discipline remains persistently white. That is, it is dominated by white bodies and it continues to conform to norms, practices, and id...
Examination of Student Self-assessed Learning in a Project-based Freshman Robotics Course

This innovative practice full research paper offers insight into a course instructor’s use of three varied projects within a first-year engineering course and the students’ self-reported learning surrounding these projects. First-year courses are designed to both excite students about engineering and increase retention and thus have become a staple at many engineering institutions. However, there is space to gain a deeper understanding of how students perceive their own learning as gained from these first-year projects and how they could be impacted by different problem contexts.
Reconfigurable mid-infrared optical elements using phase change materials

Reconfigurable optical elements using the phase change material Ge 3 Sb 2 Te 6 are demonstrated for freely propagating light as well as phonon polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride. © 2019 The Author(s)
Using Modified TAGteach ™ Procedures in Increasing Skill Acquisition of Dance Movements for a Child with Multiple Diagnoses

Teaching with acoustical guidance (TAG), which involves the use of a brief and consistent sound to provide feedback on a targeted behavior, has demonstrated positive effects on the acquisition of various athletic skills. The majority of the research examining TAG has focused on typically developing learners. The purpose of this study was to evaluate modified TAGteach™ methods (a treatment package involving TAG) on the acquisition of dance movements for a child with multiple diagnoses. This study used a multiple baseline design across behaviors to examine the effects of TAGteach methods on the acquisition of novel dance movements. The participant was a child with multiple diagnoses (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, among others) who regularly participated in a dance studio program. Results indicated that the use of the modified TAGteach methods resulted in skill acquisition for three different topographies of targeted dance movements: a turn, kick, and leap. While the social validity results were varied between the participant and caregivers, responses for all topographies were higher at the conclusion of the study. The study adds to the growing TAGteach literature for sports skill acquisition and suggests an effective use in a new population. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Extracellular Vesicles in Epstein-Barr Virus Pathogenesis.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a known determinant for numerous malignancies and may contribute to autoimmune diseases. The underlining mechanisms behind EBV pathologies are not completely understood. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from infected cells have been found to produce profound effects on cellular microenvironments. Therefore, in this review, we sought to critically evaluate the roles of EVs in EBV pathogenesis and assess their potential therapeutic and diagnostic utility. EBV-altered EVs are capable of activating signaling cascades and phenotypic changes in recipient cells through the transfer of viral proteins and RNAs. Moreover, several EV-associated microRNAs have encouraging prognostic or diagnostic potential in EBV-associated cancers. Current evidence suggests that EBV-modified EVs affect viral pathogenesis and cancer progression. However, further research is needed to investigate the direct role of both viral and host products on recipient cells and the mechanisms driving viral protein and RNA EV packaging and content modification.
Investigating the Influence of Gender, Age, and Camp Type on the Outcome Achievements of Children under 10 Years of Age at Summer Camp.

This study investigated the influence of gender, age, and camp type on outcome achievements for children (aged 6 to 10) at summer camp. The outcome achievements measured were affinity for exploration, affinity for nature, camp connectedness, friendship skills, independence, perceived competence, problem-solving confidence, responsibility, and teamwork skills. Three hundred thirteen campers were sampled from American Camp Association–accredited day and resident camps. Controlling for camper age, the study found an interaction effect between the type of camp attended and the gender of campers. Discriminant analysis indicated that differences were primarily due to achievements on the outcomes of affinity for nature and perceived competence. A discussion of implications of these findings for camp administrators concludes the paper.Subscribe to JOREL
Catalyses by Cyclodextrins Leading to Practical Usages of Cyclodextrins

It is well known that cyclodextrins can accelerate many kinds of reactions. The reactions accelerated by cyclodextrins range widely (see Table 9).
The decline of open abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery among individual training programs and vascular surgery trainees

Abstract Objective In the past decade, treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has dramatically shifted from open repair to an endovascular approach. The decreasing number of open AAA repairs (OAR) has raised concerns regarding future vascular surgeons' competence to perform this complex and high-risk procedure. Prior work has documented decreasing open aortic volume among surgical residents. However, these studies report average national case volume with a limited understanding of the variation in OAR exposure among training programs and trainees. We sought to evaluate the current open AAA repair trends among individual accredited vascular surgery training programs and vascular surgery residents to better evaluate trainees' exposure to OAR. Methods We identified elderly Medicare beneficiaries undergoing OAR and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) between 2010 and 2014. Accredited vascular surgery training program hospitals were identified. OAR and EVAR volume was aggregated at the program level and the number of senior vascular surgery trainees per year at each program was captured. The training program all-payer total AAA repair volume was calculated based on the national proportion of patients undergoing AAA covered by Medicare in the Vascular Quality Initiative. Temporal trends in program and vascular surgery trainee OAR and EVAR volume were calculated. Results A total of 119,408 (77%) EVAR and 35,042 (23%) were identified in the Medicare database between 2010 and 2014. Of these, 21% were performed among the 111 training programs, including 22,227 (73%) EVAR and 8416 (27%) OAR. The total OAR volume among training programs decreased by 38% during the study period, from a median of 29.1 to 18.2 OAR. In 2014, 25% of programs performed fewer than 10 OARs annually. Among senior vascular surgery trainees, the median number of OAR decreased from 10.0 in 2010 to 6.4 in 2014 and approximately one-half of senior trainees had exposure to fewer than five OAR in 2014. Conclusions Exposure to OAR among vascular surgery training programs has dramatically decreased, with nearly one-half of senior trainees performing fewer than five OAR in 2014. The variable and diminishing OAR exposure among vascular surgery training program highlights growing concerns surrounding competence in complex open repairs and suggest that only a small proportion of current trainees have ample opportunity to develop confidence and proficiency in this high-risk operation.
Predicting electronic cigarette dependence and perceived barriers for electronic cigarette cessation: examining the roles of fatigue severity and emotion dysregulation

Objectives: Emotion dysregulation is an important individual difference variable for substance use. Limited empirical data has evaluated the influence of emotion dysregulation on e-cigarette use an...
Administration of Preoperative Gabapentin to Patients Undergoing Laparoscopy: A Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of immediate preoperative gabapentin on postoperative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopy for benign gynecologic indications. Mat...
Modeling the interaction of numerosity and perceptual variables with the diffusion model.

Abstract Ratcliff and McKoon (2018) proposed integrated diffusion models for numerosity judgments in which a numerosity representation provides evidence used to drive the decision process. We extend this modeling framework to examine the interaction of non-numeric perceptual variables with numerosity by assuming that drift rate and non-decision time are functions of those variables. Four experiments were conducted with two different types of stimuli: a single array of intermingled blue and yellow dots in which both numerosity and dot area vary over trials and two side-by-side arrays of dots in which numerosity, dot area, and convex hull vary over trials. The tasks were to decide whether there were more blue or yellow dots (two experiments), more dots on which side, or which dots have a larger total area. Development of models started from the principled models in Ratcliff and McKoon (2018) and became somewhat ad hoc as we attempted to capture unexpected patterns induced by the conflict between numerosity and perceptual variables. In the three tasks involving numerosity judgments, the effects of the non-numeric variables were moderated by the number of dots. Under a high conflict, judgments were dominated by perceptual variables and produced an unexpected shift in the leading edge of the reaction time (RT) distributions. Although the resulting models were able to predict most of the accuracy and RT patterns, the models were not able to completely capture this shift in the RT distributions. However, when subjects judged area, numerosity affected perceptual judgments but there was no leading edge effect. Based on the results, it appears that the integrated diffusion models provide an effective framework to study the role of numerical and perceptual variables in numerosity tasks and their context-dependency.
Chapter 1 – History and Background of Cognitive Radio Technology

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an overview of history and background leading to cognitive radio. It provides some of the major contributions that have led up to today's cognitive radio developments. A cognitive radio is the convergence of the many pagers, personal digital assistant (PDAs), cell phones, and many other single-purpose gadgets use today. The sophistication possible in a software-defined radio (SDR) has now reached the level where each radio can conceivably perform beneficial tasks that help the user, help the network, and help minimize spectral congestion. Radios are already demonstrating one or more of these capabilities in limited ways. A simple example is the adaptive digital European cordless telephone (DECT) wireless phone that finds and uses a frequency within its allowed plan with the least noise and interference on that channel and time slot. Of these capabilities, conservation of spectrum is already a national priority in international regulatory planning. This chapter introduces the technologies and regulatory considerations to support three major applications that raise an SDR's capabilities and make it a cognitive radio: spectrum management and optimizations, interface with a wide variety of networks and optimization of network resources, and interface with human and providing electromagnetic resources to aid the human in his or her activities.
Young Children With Hearing Impairment and Other Diagnoses: Effects of Sound-Field Amplification:

This study examined the effects of sound-field amplification (SFA) use for children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) with additional diagnosed conditions enrolled in preschool and first and se...
Growth, characterization, and stability testing of epitaxial MgO (100) on GaAs (100)

Abstract Epitaxial MgO (100) films have been grown on GaAs (100) by evaporation of Mg in the presence of 5 × 10−6 Torr of oxygen. Prior to the growth of MgO, the GaAs (100) substrate was cleaned by Ar ion sputtering and annealing. MgO (100) on GaAs (100) was in situ characterized with Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and ex situ by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and energy–dispersive X–ray spectroscopy (EDX). X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the MgO film has grown predominantly in the cubic phase with the (100) plane parallel to the GaAs (100) substrate. HRTEM results have confirmed the epitaxial growth of MgO with MgO (100)[001]║ GaAs (100)[001]. Despite the high lattice misfit, the epitaxial MgO (100) is grown on GaAs (100) due to the 4: 3 relationship (4 aMgO: 3 aGaAs) between MgO (100) and GaAs (100). The formation of a 4:3 superstructure reduces the lateral misfit between MgO (100) and GaAs (100) to ≈0.65%. To test the potential of MgO as a protection layer for III-V semiconductor based photo-electro catalytic devices for water splitting in alkaline media the reaction of MgO films with H2O and NaOH was investigated. Flake-like Mg(OH)2 structures appear to have formed on top of the MgO films treated with NaOH.
The Last Mile Problem and Its Innovative Challengers

While the growth of the e-commerce market and the on-demand economy has changed consumer behavior, this change has also directly impacted the logistics sector. Both small and large enterprises are facing difficulties in meeting the demand and expectations that retailers are putting on them. This is especially prevalent for last mile delivery services, as scaling cost and delivery output are not aligned properly. Naturally, start-ups with disrupting and innovative ideas have been founded around the globe to help bridge the gap between customer expectations, retailers demand, and logistics providers’ possibilities. The goal of this chapter is to give an introduction into the last mile problem and introduce small and large players and their ideas on how to solve the last mile problem.
Climate change threatens Chinook salmon throughout their life cycle.

Widespread declines in Atlantic and Pacific salmon (Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus spp.) have tracked recent climate changes, but managers still lack quantitative projections of the viability of any individual population in response to future climate change. To address this gap, we assembled a vast database of survival and other data for eight wild populations of threatened Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha). For each population, we evaluated climate impacts at all life stages and modeled future trajectories forced by global climate model projections. Populations rapidly declined in response to increasing sea surface temperatures and other factors across diverse model assumptions and climate scenarios. Strong density dependence limited the number of salmon that survived early life stages, suggesting a potentially efficacious target for conservation effort. Other solutions require a better understanding of the factors that limit survival at sea. We conclude that dramatic increases in smolt survival are needed to overcome the negative impacts of climate change for this threatened species. Lisa Crozier et al. assembled a database for eight wild populations of threatened Chinook salmon in the Salmon River Basin in order to evaluate climate impacts at all life stages, and model future population trajectories. They project that populations rapidly decline in response to increasing sea surface temperatures and conclude that dramatic increases in the number or survival of smolts are needed to overcome the negative impacts of climate change for this threatened species.
Sources of engineering income, 1929–34

Dealing with the annual incomes of engineers engaged in both engineering and nontechnical work, this sixth article1 of a series reporting a survey of engineering employment conducted by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics presents data, derived from reports of 52,589 engineers, tending to show that engineers engaged in technical work reach their maximum earning capacity later than those in nonengineering endeavors.
The Implementation of a Personalized Dynamic Approach for the Management of Prolonged Concussion Symptoms

Purpose This clinical focus article reviews the existing treatment literature on the management of prolonged concussion symptoms (PCS) for specifying treatment components that hold the most promise for effectively targeting functional goals that are disrupted due to cognitive impairments. Current evidence suggests the treatment ingredients of psychoeducation and cognitive strategy instruction can be effective for addressing changes in functioning due to perceived cognitive deficits in attention, working memory, and executive functioning. Based on the literature, we propose a personalized, dynamic approach to managing PCS that is tailored to the symptom profile of the individual client and consists of three phases, treatment setup, implementation of treatment, and discharge plan, in which the implementation phase consists of psychoeducation and strategy training. The unique aspect of this approach is the use of individualized status tracking measures on goal progress as well as strategy use and perceived strategy helpfulness to empirically guide treatment. Client performance directs clinical decisions, and the clinician adapts treatment components in order to facilitate functional change. Conclusion We provide a case example of an adolescent client treated in our university clinic to demonstrate the implementation of the proposed personalized and dynamic approach to PCS management.
COVID-19, Telehealth, and Pediatric Integrated Primary Care: Disparities in Service Use.

Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (COVID-19) may increase pediatric mental health needs due to its social, economic, and public health threats, especially among Black, Indigenous, and People of Color and those served within disadvantaged communities. COVID-19 protocols have resulted in increased provision of telehealth in integrated primary care (IPC) but little is known about pediatric telehealth IPC utilization during the pandemic for diverse and traditionally underserved groups. Methods A comparative study was conducted to explore variability between in-person (pre-COVID-19; n = 106) and telehealth (mid-COVID-19; n = 120) IPC consultation utilization among children 1-19 years old served through a large, inner-city primary care clinic. Logistic regression modeling was used to examine the association between service delivery modality (i.e., in-person vs. telehealth) and attendance, referral concerns, and several sociodemographic variables. Results Service delivery modality and attendance, referral concerns, and race/ethnicity were significantly associated. The odds of non-attendance were greater for children scheduled for telehealth, the odds of children with internalizing problems being scheduled for telehealth were greater than those with externalizing problems, and the odds of Black children being scheduled for telehealth were less compared to White children. Conclusion Though telehealth has helped provide IPC continuity during COVID-19, findings from this study show troubling preliminary data regarding reduced attendance, increased internalizing concerns, and disparities in scheduling for Black patients. Specific actions to monitor and address these early but alarming indications of telehealth and Covid-19 related behavioral health disparities are discussed.
Rheology, Setting Time, and Compressive Strength of Class F Fly Ash–Based Geopolymer Binder Containing Ordinary Portland Cement

AbstractThis paper investigates the incorporation of ordinary portland cement (OPC) to adjust/improve the workability, setting time, and compressive strength of Class F fly ash (FA)–based geopolyme...
Master Standard Data Quantity Food Production Code. Application to production of roast entrées under actual operating conditions in a hospital food service

Analysis of 13 macro elements showed wide variability in production times because of differences in performance of individual employees and/or fluctuations in product demand.
One-year follow-up of treatment outcomes and patient opinions of Retraining and Control Therapy (ReACT) for pediatric functional seizures

Abstract Retraining and Control Therapy (ReACT), a short-term treatment for pediatric functional seizures (FS), has been demonstrated to improve FS in children compared to supportive therapy. However, long-term maintenance of FS-reduction after ReACT is unclear. This study aims to assess seizure frequency 1 year after ReACT and determine patient and parents’ opinions of ReACT. Children with functional seizures who previously completed ReACT and their parents were asked to report 30-day FS frequency 1 year after completing ReACT. They also reported if ReACT was helpful. Paired samples t-tests were used to compare FS frequency before ReACT to 1 year after and to compare FS frequency in 30 days after ReACT to 1 year after. Fourteen children (Meanage = 15.43) and their parents participated. Seven-day FS frequency for patients at 1-year follow-up (Mean = 0.15) was significantly lower than 7-day FS frequency pre-ReACT (Mean = 5.62; p = 0.005). No differences were found when comparing FS frequency during 30 days post-ReACT (Mean = 0.29) and in 30 days before 1-year follow-up (Mean = 0.71). This study confirms long-term maintenance of FS-reduction after ReACT and supports the efficacy of targeting FS directly as opposed to mood or stress for reducing FS. Additionally, children and parents believe ReACT is beneficial.
WE‐AB‐BRA‐02: Development of Biomechanical Models to Describe Dose‐Volume Response to Liver Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) Patients

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that radiotherapy treatment for liver metastases causes marked liver hypertrophy in areas receiving low dose and atrophy/fibrosis in areas receiving high dose. The purpose of this work is to develop and evaluate a biomechanical model-based dose-response model to describe these liver responses to SBRT. Methods: In this retrospective study, a biomechanical model-based deformable registration algorithm, Morfeus, was expanded to include dose-based boundary conditions. Liver and tumor volumes were contoured on the planning images and CT/MR images three months post-RT and converted to finite element models. A thermal expansion-based relationship correlating the delivered dose and volume response was generated from 22 patients previously treated. This coefficient, combined with the planned dose, was applied as an additional boundary condition to describe the volumetric response of the liver of an additional cohort of metastatic liver patients treated with SBRT. The accuracy of the model was evaluated based on overall volumetric liver comparisons and the target registration error (TRE) using the average deviations in positions of identified vascular bifurcations on each set of registered images, with a target accuracy of the 2.5mm isotropic dose grid (vector dimension 4.3mm). Results: The thermal expansion coefficient models the volumetric change of the liver to within 3%. The accuracy of Morfeus with dose-expansion boundary conditions a TRE of 5.7±2.8mm compared to 11.2±3.7mm using rigid registration and 8.9±0.28mm using Morfeus with only spatial boundary conditions. Conclusion: A biomechanical model has been developed to describe the volumetric and spatial response of the liver to SBRT. This work will enable the improvement of correlating functional imaging with delivered dose, the mapping of the delivered dose from one treatment onto the planning images for a subsequent treatment, and will further provide information to assist with the biological characterization of patients’ response to radiation.
Apparent Involvement of a Plasmid in Phaseotoxin Production by Pseudomonas phaseolicola.

Abstract Three naturally occurring toxigenic strains (HB-36, G-50, and HB-33), one nontoxigenic strain (HB-20), and one ultraviolet light-induced toxinless mutant (G-50 Tox−) of Pseudomonas phaseolicola were examined by dye-buoyant density equilibrium centrifugation for the presence of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid. All strains contained plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid. Comparison of the plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid of different strains by agarose gel electrophoresis showed that strain G-50 harbored three plasmids, whereas the rest of the strains contained two plasmids each. Irrespective of their toxigenicity, all strains shared the large-sized first plasmid band, but differed with respect to other plasmids. Restriction endonuclease analyses of the plasmids indicated that a 22.50-megadalton plasmid was common to two of the toxigenic strains (HB-36 and G-50). However, strain HB-33, which is also toxigenic, contained a much smaller plasmid (4.23 megadaltons). It is hypothesized that this small plasmid may have arisen by a recombination event from a larger plasmid.
Persistent illumination-induced changes in polycrystalline TiO2 majority carrier concentration

Abstract In polycrystalline semiconductors for which grain boundaries mediate a persistent change in majority carrier concentration on super-bandgap photostimulation, the change generally involves an increase. Capacitance–voltage measurements on thin-film polycrystalline anatase TiO 2 demonstrate a photostimulated increase or decrease in majority carrier concentration, depending on film thickness. With the help of photoreflectance measurements, the results are interpreted in terms of deep-gap energy states that reside near grain boundaries, whose charge occupation is “frozen in,” depending on synthesis history. Photostimulation provides the mechanism by which these states equilibrate with the band edges.
Detection of neuraminidase stalk motifs associated with enhanced N1 subtype influenza A virulence via Raman spectroscopy.

Oligonucleotides corresponding to neuraminidase (NA) stalk motifs that have been associated with enhanced influenza virulence have been identified using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). 5'-Thiolated ssDNA oligonucleotides were immobilized onto a hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) coated Au nanoparticles (AuNP). Three synthetic RNA sequences corresponding to specific amino acid deletions in the influenza NA stalk region were attached to the CTAB-modified AuNPs. Two of these sequences were specific to sequences with amino acid deletions associated with increased virulence, and one was a low virulence sequence with no amino acid deletions. Hybridization of synthetic matched and mismatched DNA-RNA complexes were detected based on the intrinsic SERS spectra. In addition, this platform was used to analyze RNA sequences isolated from laboratory grown influenza viruses having the NA stalk motif associated with enhanced virulence, including A/WSN/33/H1N1, A/Anhui/1/2005/H5N, and A/Vietnam/1203/2004/H5N1 strains. Multivariate feature selection methods were employed to determine the specific wavenumbers in the Raman spectra that contributed the most information for class discrimination. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test identified 884 and 1196 wavenumbers as being highly significant in the high and low virulence spectra, respectively (p 95% sensitivity and specificity in both synthetic RNA sequences as well as the isolated viral RNA. This study demonstrates the feasibility of SERS for direct identification of influenza NA stalk mutations associated with virulence without sample amplification or labeling.