cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Site-directed mutagenesis of potential protein-coding regions in expressible cloned cDNAs of cucumber mosaic viral satellites.

Abstract Site-directed mutagenesis was used to alter potential protein-coding regions (open reading frames or ORFs) within the cloned, expressible cDNAs of two satellites of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), S-CARNA 5 and D-CARNA 5. RNA transcripts synthesized in vitro from the mutant and wild-type satellite cDNAs were tested for biological activity on tomato plants by coinfection with CMV RNAs 1, 2, and 3, and progeny CARNA 5s generated from such transcripts were isolated and sequenced. Two mutants of S-CARNA 5 were constructed in attempts to test whether the ORF (ORF IIB, beginning at nucleotide 135) responsible for synthesis in vitro of two small proteins ( M. J. Avila-Rincon, C. W. Collmer, and J. M. Kaper (1986) . Virology 152, 455–458) could be eliminated without loss of the satellite's biological activity. Biological tests with mutant transcripts that either lacked the AUG initiation codon or contained a premature translation termination codon were foiled by instability and/or reversion in the progeny. With progeny CARNA 5 of the former mutant, one of two altered nucleotides reverted, thus restoring the AUG but not the nucleotide immediately preceding it. In contrast, a mutation in the necrogenic D-CARNA 5 which altered the initiation codon of ORF I (nucleotides 11–94), whose predicted amino acid sequence is conserved in all necrogenic CMV satellites sequenced to date, was stable in biological testing and did not destroy necrogenicity. This was shown by nucleotide sequencing of the progeny CARNA 5 from necrotic test plants and by its direct comparison with wild-type D-CARNA 5 progeny in a tomato necrosis dilution assay. This experiment provides convincing evidence that a possible protein product of ORF I is not involved in the induction of tomato necrosis by D-CARNA 5.
Modal petrology of six soils from Apollo 16 Double Drive Tube Core 64002

Petrographic data form six size fractions for six samples of Apollo 16 drive tube section 64002 show source rocks similar to those of core 60009. Analysis of modal data from the 64002 core show that the upper three and lowest core soils are mature and have similar maturation histories, while the two middle soils are submature and have histories that are similar to each other but unlike those from the aforementioned soils. In all of these soils, mixing has dominated over reworking, and appears to involve two mature soils distinguished by differing source rocks and an immature, plagioclase-rich soil which is correlated with larger clasts of chalky, friable breccia. These breccias and the plagioclase-rich soil are tentatively associated with the Descartes Formation.
Does the housing market value energy efficient homes? Evidence from the energy star program

Abstract The “Energy Star” certification of residential homes is a recent attempt in the United States to improve energy efficiency in the residential sector by incentivizing home builders to “build green.” We examine the effectiveness of this program by estimating homeowners' marginal willingness to pay for Energy Star residences in Gainesville, Florida. We use single-family residential property sales in Gainesville, Florida between 1997 and 2009. Using the hedonic method, we find that homeowners are willing to pay a premium for new Energy Star homes, but that this premium fades rapidly in the resale market.
Security Metrics for Power Based SCA Resistant Hardware Implementation

Power based side-channel attacks (SCA) are well-known major threats to cryptographic devices such as smart cards or other embedded systems. Quantification of resistance or robustness of a cryptographic device against power based SCA is needed as part of the VLSI CAD design flow. The security metric used in such a quantification can be included in design constraints and optimizations just like area and delay. We investigate two SCA security metrics: (1) Kullback-Leibler divergence and (2) mutual information. These metrics are applicable at multiple design abstraction levels from logic level, net list level to layout level. If the implementation at some abstraction level does not satisfy the threshold of the SCA metric, it should be transformed until the SCA metric value is acceptable. However, computation of these metrics is significantly challenging. We propose a relatively fast logic level SCA analysis with renewal process and linear regression methodology. This fast test can be used as a first level filter for SCA vulnerability. Mutual information computation requires building more significant statistical model which involves multiple power simulations. The mutual information based SCA analysis can be exploited for more realistic and accurate verification at the physical transistor or layout level.
The Relative Toxicity of Trisodium Arsenite and Arsenious Acid to the House Fly, Musca Domestica L.

Solutions of arsenious acid and trisodium arsenite of various pH values were fed quantitatively to newly-emerged adult house flies. The solutions contained 15 grams of sucrose per 100 cc. Under these conditions, the toxicity of arsenious acid (pH 6.58 to 6.96) was indistinct from that of trisodium arsenite (pH 11.3 to 11.4), possibly the result of buffer action within the digestive tract. The M. L. D. for the two forms of trivalent arsenic was 0.14 mg. arsenic per gram of body weight. This is comparatively a large M. L. D. for an insect. Arsenious acid solutions were not repellent at any arsenic or hydrogen-ion concentration used; trisodium arsenite solutions of equivalent As concentration were not repellent at pH 11.3 and 11.4, but were distinctly repellent at higher pH values. In practice, no more alkali should be added to a house fly bait than is necessary to hold the trivalent arsenic in solution.
Impact of the Face-to-Face Interview on Prior Judgments of a Candidate

Recruitment interview assessments are usually accompanied with such other evidences of employability as application data (personal information and job experiences), employment test scores, and certification of educational experiences. Newman, et al. ( 1946) analyzed the reliability of interviews when accompanied with ability and personality test scores together with biographical data. Our study investigated whether an employment recruiteis initial judgment of a candidate based on written biographical data alone was modified by perceptions gleaned from a succeeding personal interview. The population studied was 67 recruiters from industry and government visiting Ohio University to evaluate graduating seniors for openings in their organizations. Be fore interviews, recruiters reviewed academic majors and grades, prior job experiences and campus activities, and faculty references for each srudent. Based on this appraisal, recruiters made initial assessments of each candidate on a rating scale as either "probably recommend," "probably not recommend," or "unable to determine." After the employment interviews, the recruiters again assessed the interviewees on the rating scale. Aggregate "before" and "after" interview judgments about 470 candidates were tabulated in chi square matrix form The data distribution indicated significant shifts in recruiters' perceptions about candidates following interviews with them. Prior to interviews, recruiters placed 304 candidates ( 6 5 % ) in the "unable to determine" category. After interviews, recruiters were noncommittal about only 80 candidates (17%) . Almost half of the responses placed initially in the "probably recommend" category shifted after interviews with the majority changed to "probably not recommend." Fewest changes occurred in the "probably not recommend" category ( 2 8 % ) with most becoming "probably recommend." In a study similar to this one, Smith, et d. (1974) observed interviewers depending heavily on previously studied application forms for discriminating information. These findings were considered consistent with those of Springbett cited by Webster (1964) that first impressions significantly affect final decisions by raters. Although the "Einstellung effect" was not supporred by data in this study, it should be recognized that most applicants in college recruiting efforts are considered only for entry-level jobs and possess scant previous job experience. Normally personnel representatives are committed to talk with all interested students; interviews are only for short periods, and interviewers lack prior contacts with candidates except through placement office data. Were some conditions modified the "Einstellung effect" might occur.
Microwave spectra and gas phase structural parameters for N-hydroxypyridine-2(1H)-thione.

The microwave spectrum for N-hydroxypyridine-2(1H)-thione (pyrithione) was measured in the frequency range 6–18 GHz, providing accurate rotational constants and nitrogen quadrupole coupling strengt...
Bioaccumulation of Gold Nanomaterials by Manduca sextathrough Dietary Uptake of Surface Contaminated Plant Tissue

We investigated the potential for bioaccumulation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) by tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) caterpillars resulting from the ingestion of plant tissue surface contaminated with ENMs. Caterpillars were fed tomato leaf tissue that had been surface contaminated with 12 nm tannate coated Au ENMs. After dosing was complete, bulk Au concentrations in individual caterpillars were measured after 0, 1, 4, and 7 days of elimination. Growth, mortality, and ingestion rate were monitored. This experiment revealed (1) no evidence that caterpillars were affected by ingestion of ENM contaminated plant tissue; (2) low bioaccumulation factors (BAF = 0.16) compared to a previous study where hornworm caterpillars were fed plants that had previously bioaccumulated Au ENMs (BAF = 6.2–11.6); (3) inefficient elimination of accumulated Au ENMs not associated with hornworm gut contents; and (4) regional differences in translocation of Au ENMs into tissues surrounding the hornworm gut, possibly the resul...
A Western Razor in Sicily

In her useful paper on Late Bronze Age razors Mrs Piggott has designated as Class II the bifid razors. For these she suggests dates ranging from about 750 B.C. to about 400 B.C. Without wishing to dispute these dates for the British examples—indeed the date of about 400 B.C. for the one from All Cannings Cross cannot be altered by much—I would suggest that such razors may have been in use some time previously if not in Britain then on the western Continent.It has been a commonly accepted view that these razors are of Sicilian origin. Sicilian tombs of the centuries before the foundation of the Greek colonies have produced a variety of razors (fig. i) and probably there is some ultimate connexion between these and bronze razors elsewhere. But the one from Cassibile that is considered to be the link between the western bifid razors and Sicily seems to be a unique feature in the island. At least I have not encountered another in the archaeological literature of Sicily, and on a recent visit to Syracuse, Dr Bernabo Brea assured me that he did not know of another Sicilian example. Hence one is inclined to suppose that the bifid razor from Cassibile is not really a Sicilian type at all but a western import. Consequently such clues as can be discovered to its date in Sicily—and these point to the vicinity of the 10th and 9th centuries B.C.—indicate at least a time when such razors were in existence somewhere in western Europe.
The Comparison of Topic Selection of Dissertation between Academic and Professional MTCSOL

In the academic field of TCSL,there are two classifications of M. A.,the Academic Master of Arts and the Professional Master of Arts. Compared to the traditional master's thesis written by the Aca- demic Masters of Arts,those written by Professional Masters of Arts incorporate more practical teaching experiences. In addition,a variety of forms such as case study and course design were adopted in their research. In this paper,the topic selection of dissertation written by both Academic and Professional Mas- ters of Arts in teaching Chinese to speakers of other languages will be compared and contrasted. The anal- ysis will focus on the rationales and the limitations of the dissertation topic selection by both Masters of Arts in this field. Hopefully,this study can provide exploratory indications for areas such as M. A. dis- sertation instructions.
Analysis on the Evolution of the U.S.Joint Technology Architecture in the Background of Net-Centric Concept

The evolution of the U.S.Joint Technology Architecture in the background of net-centric concept was introduced.The background,objective,frame,function and standards inside of the new architecture which is defined as DISR was analyzed,and the difference between JTA and DISR was circumstantiated.The effect on improving information technology was illuminated finally.
Methods for cooperative energy detection over Rayleigh channels

Cognitive radio is a new intelligent wireless communication technology based on a software-defined radio.In this paper,we first introduced the concept of cognitive radio and the ways to detect spectrum holes.Cooperative energy detection over Rayleigh channels was studied.Then the detection performance and the improvement of sensing spectrum were compared by single and cooperation methods over Rayleigh channels.Simulation and analysis results show that cooperative energy detection method can effectively eliminate the slow-fading influence and improve the detecting probability.The results had valuable implications for system design in spectrum sensing system in Rayleigh channel environments.
Optical properties of salt aerosols with and without inclusions as a function of relative humidity

Salt aerosols will undergo deliquescence as humidity is increased. This deliquescent transition dramatically affects the ability of aerosols to extinguish light. It is known that the relative humidity is very high in the viscous sublayer at the ocean surface (~98%) but decreases to an average of 80% in the surface layer. We present results of an investigation of the impact of inclusions on the deliquescence point and correlated optical properties of salt aerosols.
An R&D Approach to the Educational Challenges of the Growing Latino Population in the United States’ “New South”

The authors here outline three evidence-driven school-based initiatives of the Center for Latino Achievement and Success in Education at the University of Georgia: an afterschool program, culturally-responsive pedagogy training, and a longitudinal study of Latino students. All these initiatives focus on improving educational outcomes for Latino students throughout the state.
The sequential pathway between trauma‐related symptom severity and cognitive‐based smoking processes through perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies among trauma exposed smokers

Background and Objectives Smoking rates are markedly higher among trauma-exposed individuals relative to non–trauma-exposed individuals. Extant work suggests that both perceived stress and negative affect reduction smoking expectancies are independent mechanisms that link trauma-related symptoms and smoking. Yet, no work has examined perceived stress and negative affect reduction smoking expectancies as potential explanatory variables for the relation between trauma-related symptom severity and smoking in a sequential pathway model. Methods The present study utilized a sample of treatment-seeking, trauma-exposed smokers (n = 363; 49.0% female) to examine perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies for smoking as potential sequential explanatory variables linking trauma-related symptom severity and nicotine dependence, perceived barriers to smoking cessation, and severity of withdrawal-related problems and symptoms during past quit attempts. Results As hypothesized, perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies had a significant sequential indirect effect on trauma-related symptom severity and criterion variables. Conclusions and Scientific Significance Findings further elucidate the complex pathways through which trauma-related symptoms contribute to smoking behavior and cognitions, and highlight the importance of addressing perceived stress and negative affect reduction expectancies in smoking cessation programs among trauma-exposed individuals. (Am J Addict 2016;25:565–572)
270. Optogenetic Activation of Remnant Cone Cells Can Restore Ganglion Cell Light Responses in a Canine Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa

In retinitis pigmentosa, the rod photoreceptor cells are generally lost first followed by a slow loss of cone cells. Remnant cone cell bodies have been observed even after many years of vision loss in retinitis pigmentosa patients. Proof-of-principle studies in retinal degeneration mice have demonstrated vision restoration upon expression of the optogene halorhodopsin in remnant cone cells. However, whether this will work in a large animal model of retinal degeneration is unclear. Here we look at light responses and histology post-treatment with halorhodopsin in a dog model of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Halorhodopsin was expressed in the cone cells unilaterally in rcd1 dogs (PDE6β mutation) with mid- to late stage retinal degeneration using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors. The retinas were imaged using OCT and function was evaluated using ERG and pupillometry. The spiking activity of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in retinal patches adjacent to and distant from the point of injection was tested using multi electrode array recordings. Retinal patches were stimulated with 589 nm light of different durations/intensities. OCT revealed significant thinning of the photoreceptor layer in the retinas of the dogs. While the ERG and pupillometry data did not show a significant difference between the treated and untreated eyes, multi-electrode array recordings revealed a restoration of ganglion cell light responses (ON, OFF and ON/OFF-responses to discrete flashes and responses to 4Hz flicker, 589nm light) in the treated retinal patch compared to an untreated control patch of retina. The lowest intensities where responses become clearly detectable for two animals were 0.1 mW/cm2 and 2.8 mW/cm2 probably reflecting different levels of NpHR expression. We observed halorhodopsin expression by histology in the remnant cone cell bodies of the treated retinas. Restoration of ganglion cell responses in the treated retinal patches suggests that the retina can be sensitized to light even after major photoreceptor cell loss. Ongoing work will determine if this restoration of ganglion cell light responses in the dogs translate to being able to navigate in the light.
The 2nd Generation Proteasome Inhibitor, MLN2238: Potent Induction of Cell Death in T-Cell Lymphoma (TCL) and Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) Cell Lines and in Two Human Lymphoma Xenograft Models.

Abstract Abstract 2767 Background: MLN2238 is a novel 2nd generation proteasome inhibitor with significant anti-neoplastic activity. We investigated the preclinical therapeutic efficacy of MLN2238 in TCL and HL cells through in vitro and in vivo tumor models and examined the related molecular mechanisms of action. Methods: TCL cell lines (Jurkat, Hut78 and HH) and HL cell lines (L428, L540, L1236) were treated with increasing concentrations of MLN2238 from 24 to 48 hours. Inhibitor concentrations at 50% cell viability (IC50) values were determined using Calcusyn software. Biological function of MAPK, AKT/PI3K, NFκB, and proteasome activity were analyzed using Western blot. We also interrogated pertinent signaling pathways with shRNA stable knock outs (KO) in the presence and absence of MLN2238. Cell viability was assessed by MTT and apoptosis in was measured with Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometric analysis; this was confirmed by Western blot analysis for caspase activation and PARP cleavage. In vivo tumor growth inhibition and survival of tumor bearing SCID mice was determined using xenografts derived from Jurkat (TCL) or L540 (HL) cell lines. Cells were inoculated at density of 5×106 subcutaneously (SQ). The in vivo study started with 7–8 mice for each control group and 7–8 mice for each treatment group. Once the tumor volume average reaches 100–250 mm3, the treatment and control groups were injected (5 days per week) with similar volumes of MLN2238 SQ daily or 5% cyclodextrin, respectively, for a total of 3 weeks. Results: Treatment with 50–100 nanomolar (nM) of MLN2238 resulted in time- and dose-dependent increase in cytotoxicity in all TCL and HL cell lines. The IC50 values for 72-hour treatment with MLN2238 were 38nM, 52nM, and 41nM for Jurkat, Hut78, and HH respectively, and 117nM and 39nM for L428 and L540, respectively. Further, MLN2238 resulted in dose-dependent increase in apoptosis as detected by Annexin-V/PI (p Conclusions: Altogether, we found that the novel 2nd generation proteasome inhibitor, MLN2238, induced potent cell death at nanomolar and clinically achievable concentrations in multiple TCL and HL cells lines and in associated TCL and HL in vivo xenograft models. In HL cells, the cytotoxic effect of MLN2238 appeared to be mediated in part through ERK. Further investigation is required to continue to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of cell death induced by MLN2238 and to identify potential rational novel therapeutic combinations. Clinical investigation of this novel agent in TCL and HL is warranted. Download : Download high-res image (21KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure 1 . MLN2238 treatment of Jurkat (TCL) or L540 (HL) human lymphoma xenografts resulted in significant tumor reduction. Disclosures: Off Label Use: MLN2238 for treatment of T cell lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Anchored Lentiviral Vector Episomes for Stem Cell Gene Therapy in Fanconi Anemia.

Abstract Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive, multisystem DNA repair disorder with prominent defects in the hematopoietic stem cell maintenance that result in the progressive attrition and failure in the early school age. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation has proved curative for patients with suitable donors. This, along with the characteristic survival advantage of phenotypically normal over non-corrected FA stem cells underscores the compelling rationale for stem cell gene therapy in the FA. While integrating lentiviral vectors (LV) have become the preferred platform for genetic correction in several hematologic and immunodeficiency disorders, the residual oncogenic potential by these vectors raises concerns in the FA stem cells about insertional mutagenic genetic lesions. On this backdrop, investigators are developing a new generation of non-integrating viral vectors capable of nuclear persistence through serial mitotic cycles and stable under selection to offset the comparatively lower transduction rates. Here, we review the competing approaches to develop such non-integrating lentiviral (NILV) episome vectors that faithfully replicate in the stem cells.
Chapter 8 - Combinatorial Auctions

Many auctions involve the sale of heterogenous indivisible objects. Examples are wireless spectrum, delivery routes and airport time slots. Because of complementarities or substitution effects between the objects, bidders have preferences not just over individual items but over subsets of them. For this reason, economic efficiency is enhanced if bidders are allowed to bid on bundles or combinations of different assets. This chapter surveys the state of knowledge about combinatorial auctions.
Results of pediatric endoscopic and endoscopically assisted tympanoplasty

Objectives: To evaluate the success of pediatric endoscopic and endoscopically assisted transcanal cartilage inlay tympanoplasty. Methods: Retrospective review of single surgeon experience. Results: During a 3 year period, 30 children underwent 31 endoscopic or endoscopically assisted transcanal tympanoplasties by the senior surgeon using tragal cartilage/perichondrial inlay grafts. There were 22 boys and 8 girls, ranging in age from 3.5 to 17 years (median 6 years). All tragal cartilage grafts (31/31; 100%) survived. Twenty-seven surgeries (27/31; 82%) resulted in an intact drum (17/31; 55%) or a microperforation (10/31; 32%). In four cases (4/31; 13%) significant perforations formed in previously unaffected portions of the drum. Conclusion: Transcanal endoscopic cartilage inlay tympanoplasty offers a practical, minimally invasive approach to tympanoplasty for children of any age. It avoids postauricular or endaural incisions, tympanomeatal flap elevation, and canalplasty. Graft survival is uniform. Microperforation at the graft margins remained in 1/3 of children. Technical modifications may lead to higher rates of tympanic closure. Key words: Cartilage graft; Endoscopic ear surgery; Minimally invasive surgery; Otoendoscopy; Pediatric tympanoplasty
Injectable and protease-degradable hydrogel for siRNA sequestration and triggered delivery to the heart.

Abstract Injectable hydrogels have significant therapeutic potential for treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) through tissue bulking and local drug delivery, including the delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). As siRNA targets are identified as potential treatments for MI, hydrogels may bolster efficacy through local and sustained release. Here, we designed an injectable hydrogel to respond to local upregulation in proteolytic activity after MI to erode and release siRNA against MMP2 (siMMP2), a target implicated in deleterious remodeling. Specifically, hyaluronic acid (HA) was modified with hydrazides or aldehydes and mixed to form shear-thinning and self-healing hydrogels through dynamic hydrazone bonds and with peptide crosslinkers that degrade in response to protease activity. HA was further modified with β-cyclodextrin to sequester cholesterol-modified siRNA, limiting passive diffusion. Hydrogels eroded in response to proteases and released active siRNA that knocked down MMP2 in primary cardiac fibroblasts. In a rat model of MI, hydrogels delivering siMMP2 attenuated hydrogel erosion by ~46% at 4 weeks when compared to hydrogels delivering control siRNA, ultimately improving myocardial thickness in the infarct. Delivery of the siMMP2 hydrogel led to significant functional improvements, including increased ejection fraction (27%, 66%), stroke volume (32%, 120%), and cardiac output (20%, 128%) when compared to controls (% increase versus hydrogels with control siRNA, % increase versus saline injection alone). This report demonstrates the utility of biomaterial-based RNA delivery systems for cardiac applications.
The child in the eyes of the jury

This article reports three experiments that examine how mock jurors respond to the testimony of a child witness as compared to the testimony of a young adult and elderly witness. In Experiment 1, mock jurors viewed a videotaped recreation of a court trial in which the age of the prosecution's key witness was presented as 8, 21, or 74. Contrary to prior research in this area, the testimony of the 8-year-old witness was rated as more credible than identical testimony given by the 21-year-old witness. The elderly witness was also viewed as more credible than the young adult witness, but less so than the child witness. These findings were replicated in Experiment 2, where mock jurors read a written transcript of the same trial that was presented via videotape in Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, a survey was taken of mock jurors' beliefs about age differences in eyewitness ability. In general, mock jurors were found to hold a negative stereotype of the child witness. These findings are discussed in terms of current theory and research on juror reactions to the child witness, and the more general issue of how stereotypes influence impression formation and social judgment.
Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Ampullary Tumors

Advances in endoscopy and imaging have permitted earlier and more accurate diagnoses and staging of ampullary tumors. A markedly increased incidence of ampullary neoplasms has been observed in polyposis syndromes. The extent of primary tumor invasion greatly impacts on prognosis. The primary treatment is surgical resection, usually by pancreaticoduodenectomy, but local resection may be equally effective in early stages. Effective palliation can be achieved endoscopically in those not fit for surgery.
Use or Consequences: Probing the Cognitive Difference Between Two Measures of Divergent Thinking.

Recent studies have highlighted both similarities and differences between the cognitive processing that underpins memory retrieval and that which underpins creative thinking. To date, studies have focused more heavily on the Alternative Uses task, but fewer studies have investigated the processing underpinning other idea generation tasks. This study examines both Alternative Uses and Consequences idea generation with a methods pulled from cognitive psychology, and a novel method for evaluating the creativity of such responses. Participants were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk using a custom interface allowing for requisite experimental control. Results showed that both Alternative Uses and Consequences generation are well approximated by an exponential cumulative response time model, consistent with studies of memory retrieval. Participants were also slower to generate their first consequence compared with first responses to Alternative Uses, but inter-response time was negatively related to pairwise similarity on both tasks. Finally, the serial order effect is exhibited for both tasks, with Consequences earning more creative evaluations than Uses. The results have implications for burgeoning neuroscience research on creative thinking, and suggestions are made for future areas of inquiry.
Emotional contagion in organizational life

Abstract Leveraging the wealth of research insights generated over the past 25 years, we develop a model of emotional contagion in organizational life. We begin by defining emotional contagion, reviewing ways to assess this phenomenon, and discussing individual differences that influence susceptibility to emotional contagion. We then explore the key role of emotional contagion in organizational life across a wide range of domains, including (1) team processes and outcomes, (2) leadership, (3) employee work attitudes, (4) decision-making, and (5) customer attitudes. Across each of these domains, we present a body of organizational behavior research that finds evidence of the influence of emotional contagion on a variety of attitudinal, cognitive, and behavioral/performance outcomes as well as identify the key boundary conditions of the emotional contagion phenomenon. To support future scholarship in this domain, we identify several new frontiers of emotional contagion research, including the need to better understand the “tipping point” of positive versus negative emotional contagion, the phenomenon of counter-contagion, and the influence of computer mediated communication and technology within organizations and society on emotional contagion. In closing, we summarize our model of emotional contagion in organizations, which we hope can serve as a catalyst for future research on this important phenomenon and its myriad effects on organizational life.
A mesocosm experiment to determine half-lives of individual hydrocarbons in simulated oil spill scenarios with and without the dispersant, Corexit

Here, we report results from a 15-day mesocosm experiment examining changes in estimated oil equivalents (EOEs), n-alkanes (n-C10 to n-C35), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and petroleum biomarkers. Water accommodated fractions (WAF) of oil and diluted chemically enhanced WAF (DCEWAF) were prepared and concentrations of oil residues determined on day 0, 3 and 15, respectively. Significant removals of n-alkane and PAHs were observed starting from day 3. The n-C17/pristane and n-C18/phytane ratios suggested that the n-alkane removal was due to biodegradation in the mesocosms. The ratios of C2-dibenzothiophenes/C2-phenanthrenes (D2/P2) and C3-dibenzothiophenes/C3-phenanthrenes (D3/P3) were found to be stable through the experiment. DCEWAF treatment had longer half-lives for most n-alkanes but shorter half-lives for most PAHs than the WAF treatment. Most petroleum biomarkers were stable throughout the experiment. However, depletion of TAS (tricyclic aromatic steroids) was observed on day 15 of DCEWAF treatment.
Continualization of Probabilistic Programs With Correction

Probabilistic Programming offers a concise way to represent stochastic models and perform automated statistical inference. However, many real-world models have discrete or hybrid discrete-continuous distributions, for which existing tools may suffer non-trivial limitations. Inference and parameter estimation can be exceedingly slow for these models because many inference algorithms compute results faster (or exclusively) when the distributions being inferred are continuous. To address this discrepancy, this paper presents Leios. Leios is the first approach for systematically approximating arbitrary probabilistic programs that have discrete, or hybrid discrete-continuous random variables. The approximate programs have all their variables fully continualized. We show that once we have the fully continuous approximate program, we can perform inference and parameter estimation faster by exploiting the existing support that many languages offer for continuous distributions. Furthermore, we show that the estimates obtained when performing inference and parameter estimation on the continuous approximation are still comparably close to both the true parameter values and the estimates obtained when performing inference on the original model.
Patient Safety Event Reporting and Opportunities for Emergency Medicine Resident Education.

Introduction: Healthcare systems often expose patients to significant, preventable harm causing an estimated 44,000 to 98,000 deaths or more annually. This has propelled patient safety to the forefront, with reporting systems allowing for the review of local events to determine their root causes. As residents engage in a substantial amount of patient care in academic emergency departments, it is critical to use these safety event reports for resident-focused interventions and educational initiatives. This study analyzes reports from the Virginia Commonwealth University Health System to understand how the reports are categorized and how it relates to opportunities for resident education.Methods: Identifying categories from the literature, three subject matter experts (attending physician, nursing director, registered nurse) categorized an initial 20 reports to resolve category gaps and then 100 reports to determine inter-rater reliability. Given sufficient agreement, the remaining 400 reports were coded individually for type of event and education among other categories.Results: After reviewing 513 events, we found that the most common event types were issues related to staff and resident training (25%) and communication (18%), with 31% requiring no education, 46% requiring directed educational feedback to an individual or group, 20% requiring education through monthly safety updates or meetings, 3% requiring urgent communication by email or in-person, and <1% requiring simulation.Conclusion: Twenty years after the publication of To Err is Human, gains have been made integrating quality assurance and patient safety within medical education and hospital systems, but there remains extensive work to be done. Through a review and analysis of our patient safety event reporting system, we were able to gain a better understanding of the events that are submitted, including the types of events and their severity, and how these relate to the types of educational interventions provided (eg, feedback, simulation). We also determined that these events can help inform resident education and learning using various types of education. Additionally, incorporating residents in the review process, such as through root cause analyses, can provide residents with high-quality, engaging learning opportunities and useful, lifelong skills, which is invaluable to our learners and future physicians.
Abstract B31: YAP1-induced cervical carcinogenesis challenges the HPV dogma

Aims: HPV infections are common in women but only rarely cause cervical cancer, suggesting that individual genetic susceptibility may play a critical role in the establishment of persistent HPV infection and development of cervical cancer. The molecular mechanisms underlying cervical cancer development remain unclear. Although our previous in vitro studies have shown that YAP1 plays a role in the malignant transformation of cervical epithelial cells, whether YAP1 contributes to the cervical carcinogenesis in vivo is unknown. This study aims to determine whether YAP1, alone or interacting with HPV, contributes to cervical carcinogenesis in vivo. Methods: Cellular and transgenic mouse models were developed to evaluate the role of YAP1 in cervical carcinogenesis. Results: Keratin-14 promoter-driven expression of constitutively active YAP1 (YAPS127A) in mouse cervical epithelial cells induced invasive cervical cancer, suggesting that hyperactivation of YAP1 is sufficient to induce cervical cancer development. Cervical epithelial cell-specific HPV and YAP1 double knockin mouse models showed that HPV synergizes with YAP1 to promote the initiation and progression of cervical carcinogenesis. Our mechanistic studies demonstrated that hyperactivation of YAP1 in cervical epithelium not only increased the putative HPV receptor molecules and cellular susceptibility to HPV infection, but also disrupted the host cell innate immune system, resulting in failure of HPV viral recognition, suppression of type I IFN production, inhibition of the IFNRs/JAKs/STATs pathway, and blockage of production of antiviral interferon-stimulated genes. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the YAP1 oncogene plays a central role in cervical cancer development. The synergism between hyperactivated YAP1 and high-risk HPV may be a key driver of cervical cancer initiation and progression. Our finding challenges the dogma that HPV is a necessary agent for the development of cervical cancer, uncovers a novel mechanism for the cervical carcinogenesis, and provides new targets for developing strategies to improve prevention and treatment of cervical cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Cheng Wang. YAP1-induced cervical carcinogenesis challenges the HPV dogma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Hippo Pathway: Signaling, Cancer, and Beyond; 2019 May 8-11; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(8_Suppl):Abstract nr B31.
Deep learning models for global coordinate transformations that linearise PDEs

We develop a deep autoencoder architecture that can be used to find a coordinate transformation which turns a non-linear partial differential equation (PDE) into a linear PDE. Our architecture is motivated by the linearising transformations provided by the Cole–Hopf transform for Burgers’ equation and the inverse scattering transform for completely integrable PDEs. By leveraging a residual network architecture, a near-identity transformation can be exploited to encode intrinsic coordinates in which the dynamics are linear. The resulting dynamics are given by a Koopman operator matrix K. The decoder allows us to transform back to the original coordinates as well. Multiple time step prediction can be performed by repeated multiplication by the matrix K in the intrinsic coordinates. We demonstrate our method on a number of examples, including the heat equation and Burgers’ equation, as well as the substantially more challenging Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation, showing that our method provides a robust architecture for discovering linearising transforms for non-linear PDEs.
Civil Liberties on the Homefront: Korematsu and the National Security Justification

Throughout much of American history, the national security justification has been a powerful tool of the government in seizing powers that resulted in the curtailment of civil liberties. During the Quasi-War with France, Congress passed the Alien and Sedition Acts to criminalize speech critical of the government. During the Civil War, President Lincoln unilaterally suspended the writ of habeas corpus and authorized the detention of thousands of political prisoners, including dozens of delegates of the Maryland state legislature and several newspaper publishers. During World War I, Congress enacted several laws that severely restricted civil liberties, including widespread censorship of the press. Perhaps the most notorious example of the use of the national security justification that resulted in the deprivation of civil liberties was the internment of over 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry in concentration camps in the western United States during World War II. The exclusion of these people (nearly two-thirds of which were American citizens) from their homes was later upheld by the Supreme Court in Korematsu v. United States. By itself, this decision was and is widely regarded as one of the nation’s worst. Yet, the Court’s ruling was just the beginning of the story. Information uncovered in the years since revealed that the government knew its national security justification was lacking and yet still misled the Court by withholding, altering, and destroying key evidence. It would not be until 2011 when the government, through the Solicitor General’s office, would acknowledge this error; and not until 2018 for the Supreme Court to formally acknowledge that Korematsu was wrongly decided. Korematsu’s revealed story provides historians and the public alike with key lessons about the trust its citizens place in the government in times of crisis and how Americans' views have shifted over time. The case also raises important and timely questions about how deferential the courts should be to claims of national security by the executive branch when civil liberties are at stake, and whether the courts can fairly adjudicate such claims.
Sex- and Brain Region-specific Changes in Gene Expression in Male and Female Rats as Consequences of Methamphetamine Self-administration and Abstinence.

Abstract Sex differences in METH use exist among human METH users and in animal models of METH addiction. Herein, we tried to identify potential differences in gene expression between female and male rats after Methamphetamine self-administration (METH SA). Rats were trained to self-administer METH using two 3-hours daily sessions for 20 days. Cue-induced drug seeking was measured on withdrawal days 3 (WD3) and 30 (WD30). Rats were euthanized twenty-four hours after WD30. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP) were dissected to measure mRNA expression. Both female and male rats increased their METH intake and showed increased METH seeking during withdrawal. Female had higher basal level expression of hypocretin receptor 1 (Hcrtr1) and prodynorphin (Pdyn) mRNAs in the PFC and HIP. Basal corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (Crhr1), Crh receptor 2 (Crhr2), hypocretin receptor 2 (Hcrtr2) and opioid receptor kappa 1 (Oprk1) mRNA levels were higher in the PFC of females. Male rats had higher basal levels of Crh and Crhr1 in HIP. METH SA was associated with increased Crh and Crhr1 in the HIP of both sexes and Crhr2 only in female HIP. Importantly, increased Crh and Crhr1 mRNA levels correlated positively with incubation of METH craving in both sexes, supporting their potential involvement, in part, in the regulation of this behavioral phenomenon. When taken together, our results identified sexual dimorphic baseline differences in rats. We also detected dimorphic responses in animals that had self-administered METH. These observations highlight the importance of understanding the molecular neurobiology of sex differences when therapeutic interventions are planned against METH addiction.
Modeling features of addiction with an oral oxycodone self-administration paradigm

Prescription opioid use is an initiating factor driving the current opioid epidemic. There are several challenges with modeling prescription opioid addiction. First, prescription opioids such as oxycodone are orally self-administered and have different pharmacokinetics and dynamics than morphine or fentanyl. This oral route of administration determines the pharmacokinetic profile, which is critical for establishing reliable drug-reinforcement associations in animals. Second, intravenous opioid self-administration is typically performed with intermittent drug self-administration sessions in a separate environment from the home cage. This does not recapitulate prescription opioid use, which is characterized by continuous drug access in the patients homes. To model features of prescription opioid use and the transition to abuse, we developed an oxycodone self-administration paradigm that is administered in the homecage. Mice voluntarily self-administer oxycodone in this paradigm without any taste modification such as sweeteners, and exhibit preference for oxycodone, escalation of intake, physical signs of dependence, reinstatement of seeking after withdrawal, and a subset of animals demonstrate drug taking that is resistant to negative consequences. This model is therefore translationally relevant and can be useful for studying the neurobiological substrates specifically relevant to prescription opioid abuse.
Understanding Online Teaching Effectiveness: Nursing Student and Faculty Perspectives

Abstract Background Online teaching has expanded over the past few decades, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, characteristics of online teaching effectiveness and quality remain understudied. Purpose This study examined perceptions of online teaching effectiveness from nursing faculty and student perspectives. Methods The findings presented are from phase 1 of a three-phase, mixed methods research project. In this phase, a qualitative descriptive design was used to analyze data obtained from focus group interview sessions. A purposive sampling of faculty (N = 15) and students (N = 17) from one midwestern, public university participated in five focus groups. Results Seven themes emerged through qualitative data analysis of faculty focus group data. Student focus groups yielded six themes. Faculty and students identified challenges and strategies for effective online teaching. Student and faculty perceptions of online teaching effectiveness aligned for many themes. Conclusion Study findings have distinct implications for nursing education. Identifying the characteristics of online teaching effectiveness provides the foundation for establishing tangible constructs and robust evaluation, broadening the impact on learning outcomes, faculty development, and educational practice.
Ottoman Empire Effects on 21st Century European Muslim Immigration

This research looked at how four historical wars during the Ottoman empire had effects on European attitudes and views on 21st century Muslim immigration. These wars included the War of Granada, the Polish Ottoman War, and the Balkan Wars including the Armenian Genocide. One prominent leader, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey, and the leader of the War of Turkish Independence was also researched. The research provides an overview of European challenges regarding the integration of Muslim immigrants, and how the rise in social and political animosities towards Muslims has caused major concerns for European state governments. This includes Muslim lack of cultural assimilation into host nation communities and a rise in Islamic extremism and Islamophobia. A mixed methodology approach was used to research historical literature on the four main wars and on modern-day immigration issues and security concerns, and statistical data from EUROstats on the number of immigrants coming into EU countries, and how these countries rank in terrorist threats. Two theories; Intergroup Threat Theory and Social Identity Theory were researched to recognize how fear, resulting from stereotypes can result in hostility towards certain groups. The research shows that European attitudes towards Muslim immigrants, and the atrocities on civilians during the four main wars during the Ottoman empire, have revived a deeply rooted negative view of Muslims.