cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Modular Computational Framework for the Rational Design and Exploration of Synthetic Development

SUMMARY Synthetic development is a nascent field of research that uses the tools of synthetic biology to design genetic programs directing cellular patterning and morphogenesis in higher eukaryotic cells, mainly mammalian ones. Current design methods of these genetic programs proceed inefficiently, relying on trial and error processes. By contrast, computational models can act as rapid testing platforms, revealing the networks, signals, and responses required for achieving robust target structures. We introduce a computational model where contact dependent cell-cell signaling networks and cellular responses can be chosen in a modular fashion, allowing in silico recreation of known synthetic morphogenic trajectories such as those resulting in multilayered synthetic spheroids. By altering the modular components, our model also allows for the exploration of new trajectories that can result in hollowed, elongated, and oscillatory structures. Our model functions as a testing ground illuminating how synthetic biology tools can be used to create particular structures. In addition, it can provide valuable insight into our understanding of both imagined and extant cellular morphologies.
Viral Infections in Obstetric Critical Care

Viral infections can cause of variety of severe illnesses requiring critical care support in pregnant women. Pregnant women are at risk of developing more severe or fulminant forms of several common viruses, including influenza. In this chapter, we review the common viral syndromes that lead to critical illness in pregnant women, including respiratory viruses, neurologic infections, hepatitis viruses, and arboviruses. Specific therapies are lacking for many of these infections, but certain interventions, including neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza, acyclovir for herpes simplex encephalitis, and N-acetylcysteine for fulminant hepatic failure, may be lifesaving if instituted promptly.
Fast deep neural correspondence for tracking and identifying neurons in C. elegans using semi-synthetic training.

Understanding the intricacies of the brain often requires spotting and tracking specific neurons over time and across different individuals. For instance, scientists may need to precisely monitor the activity of one neuron even as the brain moves and deforms; or they may want to find universal patterns by comparing signals from the same neuron across different individuals. Both tasks require matching which neuron is which in different images and amongst a constellation of cells. This is theoretically possible in certain ‘model’ animals where every single neuron is known and carefully mapped out. Still, it remains challenging: neurons move relative to one another as the animal changes posture, and the position of a cell is also slightly different between individuals. Sophisticated computer algorithms are increasingly used to tackle this problem, but they are far too slow to track neural signals as real-time experiments unfold. To address this issue, Yu et al. designed a new algorithm based on the Transformer, an artificial neural network originally used to spot relationships between words in sentences. To learn relationships between neurons, the algorithm was fed hundreds of thousands of ‘semi-synthetic’ examples of constellations of neurons. Instead of painfully collated actual experimental data, these datasets were created by a simulator based on a few simple measurements. Testing the new algorithm on the tiny worm Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that it was faster and more accurate, finding corresponding neurons in about 10ms. The work by Yu et al. demonstrates the power of using simulations rather than experimental data to train artificial networks. The resulting algorithm can be used immediately to help study how the brain of C. elegans makes decisions or controls movements. Ultimately, this research could allow brain-machine interfaces to be developed.
The Statewide Economic Impact of Child Care-Associated Viral Acute Gastroenteritis Infections.

Introduction More than 65% of children aged ≤5 years in the United States require out-of-home child care. Child care attendance has been associated with an elevated risk of respiratory illness and acute gastroenteritis (AGE). While child care-associated respiratory disease cases are more numerous, AGE is associated with more severe symptoms and more than double the number of absences from child care. In addition, viral pathogens such as norovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus are highly infectious and may be spread to parents and other household members. As a result, child care-associated viral AGE may incur substantial economic costs due to healthcare service usage and lost productivity. Methods We used surveillance data from a network of child care centers in Washtenaw County, Michigan, as well as a household transmission model to estimate the annual cost of child care-associated viral AGE in the state of Michigan. Results We estimated that child care-associated viral AGE in Michigan costs between $15 million and $31 million annually, primarily due to lost productivity. Conclusions The economic burden of child care-associated infections is considerable. Effective targeted interventions are needed to mitigate this impact.
Adipose tissue biomarkers and type 2 diabetes incidence in normoglycemic participants in the MESArthritis Ancillary Study: A cohort study.

Background Given the central role of skeletal muscles in glucose homeostasis, deposition of adipose depots beneath the fascia of muscles (versus subcutaneous adipose tissue [SAT]) may precede insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence. This study was aimed to investigate the associations between computed tomography (CT)–derived biomarkers for adipose tissue and T2D incidence in normoglycemic adults. Methods and findings This study was a population-based multiethnic retrospective cohort of 1,744 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) with normoglycemia (baseline fasting plasma glucose [FPG] less than 100 mg/dL) from 6 United States of America communities. Participants were followed from April 2010 and January 2012 to December 2017, for a median of 7 years. The intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and SAT areas were measured in baseline chest CT exams and were corrected by height squared (SAT and IMAT indices) using a predefined measurement protocol. T2D incidence, as the main outcome, was based on follow-up FPG, review of hospital records, or self-reported physician diagnoses. Participants’ mean age was 69 ± 9 years at baseline, and 977 (56.0%) were women. Over a median of 7 years, 103 (5.9%) participants were diagnosed with T2D, and 147 (8.4%) participants died. The IMAT index (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.27 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–1.41] per 1-standard deviation [SD] increment) and the SAT index (HR: 1.43 [95% CI: 1.16–1.77] per 1-SD increment) at baseline were associated with T2D incidence over the follow-up. The associations of the IMAT and SAT indices with T2D incidence were attenuated after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, with HRs of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.09–1.38) and 1.29 (95% CI: 0.96–1.74) per 1-SD increment, respectively. The limitations of this study include unmeasured residual confounders and one-time measurement of adipose tissue biomarkers. Conclusions In this study, we observed an association between IMAT at baseline and T2D incidence over the follow-up. This study suggests the potential role of intermuscular adipose depots in the pathophysiology of T2D. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00005487
Where is the Trouble in Pseudo-empirical Research?

Smedslund (Psychol Inq 2(4):325–338, 1991) has demonstrated that much of the experimental research in psychology is pseudo-empirical—empirically testing what can be determined a priori based on the meanings of everyday psychological terminology. The present article shows how Smedslund’s general perspective is consistent with certain aspects of a theoretical model of the narrative form, and how the latter provides a useful lens for making sense of pseudo-empiricism. This raises a paradox: While something along the lines of the narrative element of ‘trouble’ is required as a premise for research, trouble is not possible in the context of questions of the general relation between everyday psychological concepts. This paradox is resolved by showing how certain methodological and discursive characteristics of research—specifically, the reification and abstraction of psychological terminology, quantification, and the statistical analysis of group-level results function to obscure the absence (and impossibility) of trouble and/or to create the illusion of its presence.
Magnetic anisotropy in single-crystal high-entropy perovskite oxide La (C r 0.2 M n 0.2 F e 0.2 C o 0.2 N i 0.2 ) O 3 films

Configurational disorder can have a dominating role in the formation of macroscopic functional responses in strongly correlated materials. Here, we use entropy-stabilization synthesis to create single-crystal epitaxial $\mathrm{AB}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ perovskite thin films with equal atomic concentration of 3d transition-metal cations on the B-site sublattice. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy of $\mathrm{La}(\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{r}}_{0.2}\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{n}}_{0.2}\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{0.2}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{o}}_{0.2}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{i}}_{0.2}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (L5BO) films demonstrate excellent crystallinity, smooth film surfaces, and uniform mixing of the 3d transition-metal cations throughout the B-site sublattice. The magnetic properties are strongly dependent on substrate-induced lattice anisotropy and suggest the presence of long-range magnetic order in these exceptionally disordered materials. The ability to populate multiple elements onto a single sublattice in complex crystal structures opens new possibilities to design functionality in correlated systems and enable novel fundamental studies seeking to understand how diverse local bonding environments can work to generate macroscopic responses, such as those driven by electron-phonon channels and complex exchange interaction pathways.
Viral Immune Evasion

This chapter focuses on the study of viral immune evasion. Most viruses spread from one host to the next via secreted bodily fluids; to gain access to their target cells for replication they need to cross epithelial barriers, which can be considered the first line of host defense. Host cell apoptosis is triggered by cell stress signals responding to the virus' attempt to co-opt cellular machinery. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize viral components and elicit cytokines and chemokines, which in turn recruit natural killer (NK) cells. Natural killer (NK) cells are an essential component of the first line of defense against viruses. NK cells have two antiviral mechanisms, cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion, and they are the main source of INF-g early in infection. Viral genes that interfere with the MHCI pathway of antigen presentation to CD8 T cells were the first viral immune evasion genes to be described. Specific deletion of viral immune evasion genes has revealed the extraordinary potency of innate immune responses compared to the modest impact of the sophisticated adaptive immune system. However, all viral immune evasion genes, whether they are absolutely required for host species infection or confer a barely perceptible benefit, have been selected by the same balancing evolutionary pressures: the ability of a virus to propagate its genome within a host, the ability to spread to a new host, and the need to maintain a supply of new hosts.
Studies on Management of the Sunflower Leafcutter Bee Eumegachile Pugnata (Say) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

SummaryA previous study indicated that Eumegachile pugnata may be managed for pollination of sunflower. Additional field studies show that females prefer to nest in deep holes along the margins of nesting units (wooden blocks with holes containing drinking straws). More nests were made in units placed in dense rows of unthinned sunflower plants than were made in units placed at the field margin. An 8-fold increase in the field population was obtained in hybrid plantings and less than 1% of the bee cells were destroyed by nest associates. Mortality of immature stages differed within nesting units; egg mortality in nests constructed near edges exposed to long periods of sunlight was higher than in nests made in protected areas of the unit.
Mutants of meiosis and ascospore formation.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on mutants of meiosis and ascopore formation. Formation of spores by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes presents an opportunity to study the biochemical and genetic regulation of differentiation in single cells. Sporulation of yeasts is of particular interest, because it encompases meiosis and ascospore development. A comprehensive investigation of the genetic control of sporulation requires procedures that permit the detection of both recessive and dominant gene mutations. The detection of recessive mutations affecting meiosis and ascospore formation is complicated by the fact that these processes occur in diploid cells or cells of higher ploidy. Two systems have been developed that allow the recovery of both recessive and dominant mutations. One approach takes advantage of the life cycle of homothallic strains to obtain mutants in the homozygous condition in diploid cells. This procedure has been used with both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Another technique employs certain n + 1 disomic strains of S. cerevisiae that begin but do not complete sporulation. In this chapter, detailed methods of isolation and characterization of mutants with defective sporulation are presented. The properties of the mutants and the information they have yielded regarding the control of sporulation functions are also discussed.
Dissociation and propagation for efficient query evaluation over probabilistic databases

Queries over probabilistic databases are either safe, in which case they can be evaluated entirely in a relational database engine, or unsafe, in which case they need to be evaluated with a general-purpose inference engine at a high cost. We propose a new approach by which every query is evaluated inside the database engine, by using a new method called dissociation. A dissociated query is obtained by adding extraneous variables to some atoms until the query becomes safe. We show that the probability of the original query and that of the dissociated query correspond to two well-known scoring functions on graphs, namely graph reliability (which is #P-hard), and the propagation score (which is related to PageRank and is in PTIME): When restricted to graphs, standard query probability is graph reliability, while the dissociated probability is the propagation score. We define a propagation score for self-join-free conjunctive queries and prove that it is always an upper bound for query reliability, and that both scores coincide for all safe queries. Given the widespread and successful use of graph propagation methods in practice, we argue for the dissociation method as a highly efficient way to rank probabilistic query results, especially for those queries which are highly intractable for exact probabilistic inference.
Effects of case-based professional development on teacher technological pedagogical content knowledge

This study investigated the efficacy of case-based professional development in helping teachers build capacity for technology integration. Specifically, it examined the ways in which case discussion and case development helped teachers deepen their understanding of the relationship between technology, content, and pedagogy. Data sources included content analysis of case discussions, examination of written cases, and teacher questionnaires. Findings indicated that the use of cases enhanced teacher understanding of the inter-relations between technology, content, and pedagogy.
A distribution multi-echelon lot-size model

Abstract This paper targets a fundamental, if thus-far neglected, problem in multi-echelon inventory theory: is there an optimal number of echelons for stock storage? It shows that the answer to this question, under certain conditions, is in affirmative. As modeling framework we choose an extended lot-size model with no shortages, the usual array of underlying regularity assumption, but with the added options of storing inventory in several vertical echelons. The trade-off between stocking two different echelons on the inventory ladder is that the higher we go the lower the carrying charges are but the higher the handling charges, like delivery cost, customer dissatisfaction, etc., are, and these two have to be balanced out. The initial objective is to minimize the total cost per unit time via the determination of the lot-size, or alternatively the cycle's length, and simultaneously its distribution among the available echelons, or alternatively again the proration of the inventory cycle into sub-periods in which demand is met by different echelons. After establishing this the final objective of finding the number of echelons for which the aforementioned cost is smallest is being taken up. Under the somewhat restrictive supposition of the constancy of the set-up costs we develop a condition for a unique optimal number of stocking echelons. The paper ends with suggestions for more elaborate models, both deterministic and stochastic, for which a search for an optimal number of echelons is warranted.
Measurement of the dipole moments of single 5-d transition metal adatoms on the tungsten (110) plane☆

Abstract The surface-induced dipole moments of single 5-d transition metal atoms adsorbed on the W(110) plane have been experimentally determined from field emission work function changes. The resulting values are found to be small (less than 0.5 Debye) and exhibit a monotonically decreasing behavior across the series from Ta to Pt. This same type of d-electron dependence is also found for the relative sizes of the field emission current jumps associated with adsorption of the various atoms on the W(110) plane. The data are interpreted using the concept of charge transfer, and a qualitative discussion of the adatom polarizabilities and desorption fields in relation to this model is given.
Receiver Modeling For Coherent Lightwave Communications

Coherent lightwave communication systems have been shown to offer a 5-20 db improvement in performance compared to conventional direct detection schemes. This results in increased receiver sensitivity as well as selectivity. Aspects pertaining to receiver modeling for coherent lightwave communication systems are studied using the bit error rate (BER) and receiver sensitivity as figures of merit.
Transportation Control Measures: Federal Requirements and State Implementation Plan Development Considerations

U.S. transportation control measure (TCM) policies have evolved over the past several years, especially with respect to the identification of reasonably available control measures (RACM). U.S. TCM experiences are used to examine transportation conformity in light of two important emerging policy issues: identification of TCMs that are RACM and the substitution of TCMs in existing state implementation plans (SIPs). The issues associated with forming TCMs into SIPs while buffering against conformity difficulties are outlined against the background of recent U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rulemaking actions, court decisions, research findings, and various state SIP adoption efforts. Factors that are related to TCM substitution and take into consideration EPA approval actions and recent considerations raised by public interest groups and planning agencies are identified. A process for identifying candidate TCMs for RACM analysis, explicit criteria for determining RACM TCMs, insights concerning TCMs that will be most effective, and case study-derived recommendations on how to structure SIP TCM commitments are provided.
INCIDENCE OF SECOND MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS IN CHILDREN: RESULTS OF AN INTERNATIONAL STUDY

Abstract The incidence of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) in children was estimated from data provided by ten paediatric oncology centres. During 1950-70 nearly 15 000 new patients were seen at these institutions. With follow-up through 1979, 113 eligible cases of SMN were reported. To estimate the number of person-years at risk, a common set of survival distributions, specific for tumour type and calendar period, was applied to the patient entry data at each institution. The annual incidence of SMNs 5-15 years after diagnosis of first tumour was found to be 188/100 000; this represents an approximate ten-fold increase over the age-adjusted expected rate of cancer in the general population. The corresponding incidence during the first 5 years was 85/100 000/year, a seven-fold increase in risk. The estimated cumulative probability of SMN reached 3·3% at 20 years.
Real-time target tracking simulations in large disparate sensor networks

Real-time target tracking in large disparate sensor networks has been simulated with a parallelized search based data fusion algorithm using a simulated annealing approach. The networks are composed of large numbers of low fidelity binary and bearing-only sensors, and small numbers of high fidelity position sensors over a large region. The primitive sensors provide limited information, not sufficient to locate targets; the position sensors can report both range and direction of the targets. Target positions are determined through fusing information from all types of sensors. A score function, which takes into account the fidelity of sensors of different types, is defined and used as the evaluation function for the optimization search. The fusion algorithm is parallelized using spatial decomposition so that the fusion process can finish before the arrival of the next set of sensor data. A series of target tracking simulations are performed on a Linux cluster with communication between nodes facilitated by the Message Passing Interface (MPI). The probability of detection (POD), false alarm rate (FAR), and average deviation (AVD) are used to evaluate the network performance. The input target information used for all the simulations is a set of target track data created from a theater level air combat simulation.
Physician, affective, and cognitive variables differentially predict 'initiation' versus 'maintenance' PSA screening profiles in diverse groups of men.

Objectives To evaluate the relevance of demographic, physician, and psychological characteristics to PSA screening in ethnic subpopulations and ascertain whether the same characteristics distinguish men who have never had a PSA from those who screen infrequently and those who screen yearly (adhere). Design and methods Stratified cluster-sampling was used to recruit 533 men (45–70 years) from four ethnic groups: African-American; European-American; immigrant Jamaican; and immigrant men from Trinidad and Tobago. Men provided demographic and structural (insurance, regular physician, annual exam, and physician recommendation), cognitive (risk and efficacy perceptions, knowledge), and emotional variables (cancer worry and embarrassment), and reported on PSA screening history. Multinomial logistic regression used these variables to predict three screening classifications (never screened, partially adherent, and adherent). Results Multinomial logistic regression showed that minority men were less likely to report either never screening or yearly screening, while younger men were more likely. Lack of a regular physician (OR=2.87, 95% CI 1.39–5.84), an annual exam (OR=1.73, 95% CI 0.91–3.28), and low recommendation (OR=3.76, 95% CI 2.13–6.66) were associated with being categorized as a never (vs. partially adherent) screener, but only annual exam (OR=0.26, 95% CI 0.10–0.63) was associated with yearly screening. Lower cancer worry was marginally associated with never screening (OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.38–1.04), while knowledge was associated with screening yearly over time (OR=0.46, 95% CI 0.28–0.77). Conclusions Demographic, physician, and psychological variables are differentially associated with never, less than yearly, and yearly screening classifications. Minority men were unlikely to have never screened, but were also less likely to screen yearly. Physician variables were associated with the difference between not screening and partially adherent, but not between partially adherent and yearly screening suggesting that the role of physicians in PSA behaviour over time would benefit from further study.
Magnetic properties, phase transitions and microstructural effects in mixed GdLa-based glasses

Abstract Magnetic properties of amorphous Gd x La 65- x Co 25 B 10 are investigated from 4.2 to 300 K. AC susceptibility and magnetization measurements to 80 kOe are used to determine a phase diagram including paramagnetic, ferrimagnetic and spin-glass regions. For x ≲ 40 diffraction and susceptibility data indicate the increasing development of chemical short-range order and phase separation. An analysis of the magnetic structure and local-moment magnitudes is presented. Results of a scaling analysis for one paramagnetic-ferrimagnetic transition are discussed and some conclusions are drawn concerning the relationship between phase transitions and chemical short-range-order in ternary or higher-order magnetic glasses.
Induction of cytochrome P4501A in the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) by the polychlorinated terphenyl formulation Aroclor 5432

Accumulation of the polychlorinated terphenyl formulation Aroclor 5432 in aquatic species has previously been reported. Polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs) are structurally similar to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and were used in related applications. However, their biological effects have not been thoroughly studied. Effects of PCT mixtures on levels of hepatic cytochrome P4501A (P4501A) and associated ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), a common estuarine fish, were assessed here. Fish were injected intraperitoneally with PCT formulations Aroclor 5432, Aroclor 5460, or the PCB formulation Aroclor 1254, at doses of 0.32 to 100 mg/kg body weight. Elevated levels of P4501A and EROD activity were detected in fish injected with Aroclor 5432 and Aroclor 1254 doses of 32 and 100 mg/kg. Induction resulting from Aroclor 5432 was greater than that caused by equivalent doses of Aroclor 1254. Treatment with Aroclor 5460 did not result in significant induction. Because commercial PCT mixtures contain small amounts of PCBs, the PCB components may have contributed to the induction observed for Aroclor 5432. This work represents the first report of hepatic cytochrome P4501A induction caused by Aroclor 5432 in teleosts and, similar to work in mammalian systems, suggests that the effects of this mixture may bemore » at least partially mediated through Ah receptor binding.« less
Development of a ToF version of the desktop MiniSIMS: instrument design and applications

The Millbrook MiniSIMS remains a unique concept in SIMS instrumentation, incorporating static, imaging and dynamic SIMS in a single compact desktop unit. The instrument is successfully being used in a wide range of applications, in which its low cost and high sample throughput are more important than the higher specification or flexibility in configuration of conventional instrumentation. The original MiniSIMS was designed around a quadrupole mass analyser, selected as the only type able at the time to meet the size and cost criteria appropriate to a desktop instrument. However, the sequential mass scanning needed to acquire a full spectrum is inefficient and the accepted static SIMS limit may often be exceeded during analysis of small areas. Therefore a time-of-flight (ToF) version has been developed in order to increase performance in areas where a low primary ion dose is critical to the analysis. Such analyses include organic species characterisation and the identification of small area surface contaminants. The instrument design is unconventional, utilising a continuous primary beam and a pulsed secondary ion beam. This allows a high duty cycle in comparison with conventional ToF-SIMS instruments (typically >10% compared to <0.1%), and also depth profiling with simultaneous continuous etching and ToF mass analysis. The use of such a spectrometer is thus ideally matched to the concept of a high-throughput instrument with static, imaging and dynamic SIMS capabilities. The instrumental design is described and data presented to compare the practical performance of the quadrupole and ToF versions of the instrument.
Work in progress — Evolution of a system dynamic course at Penn State Behrend

Over the last five years at Penn State Behrend a Systems Dynamics course has been offered in place of a “automatic control” course. The structure, benefits and challenges involved with this course are discussed. Even though the course is primarily a lecture type course several hands on and student initiated activities have been incorporated to motivate the students. Interdisciplinary application is another emphasis of this class. Feedback from students shows that the students highly value those features. There are indications that appreciation of the “systemic” approach to the modeling of dynamic systems is being accomplished.
Effects of Sodium Hydroxide and a Chelating Agent on the Removal of Aluminum from Radioactive Sludge

Abstract An essential step during the remediation of nuclear waste by the U.S. Department of Energy involves the separation of nonradioactive components such as aluminum from high‐level waste sludges to minimize the ultimate volume to be stored in a nuclear waste repository. Plans for waste treatment at Hanford and the Savannah River Site include the use of 1 to 3 m sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at an elevated temperature to leach the aluminum from the sludge. Triethanolamine (TEA) was added to caustic leaching solutions in an effort to improve the solubility of aluminum from authentic tank‐waste sludge. High‐level radioactive waste sludge with significant amounts of gibbsite and hard‐to‐dissolve boehmite phases was used in these tests. In concept, a chelating agent such as TEA can both improve the dissolution rate and increase the aluminum concentration in the liquid phase. However, TEA could also increase the solubility of other sludge components that are potentially problematic to downstream processing. Six ...
The hemolytic-uremic syndrome in siblings: a prospective survey.

sixth leucocyte culture conference, New York, 1972, Academic Press, Inc. 3. Rosenber SA, and David, JR: Inhibition of leukocyte migration: An evaluation of this in vitro assay of delayed hypersensitivity in man to a soluble antigen, J Immunol 105:1447, 1970. 4. Wybran J, Carr MC, and Fudenberg HH: The human rosette-forming cell as a marker of a popul~ttion of thymus-derived cells, J Clin Invest 51:2537, 1972. 5. Lawrence HS: Specific recruitment ofimmunocompetent cells by transfer factor, in Lawrence HS, and Bandy M, Editors: Mediators of cellular immunity, New York, 1969, Academic Press, Inc., p. 143. 6. Cooper MD, Chase HP, Lowman JT, Krivit W, and Good RA: Wiskott-Aldricb syndrome, an immunologic deftciency disease involving the afferent limb of immunity, Am J Med 44:499, 1968. 7. Oppenheim J J, Blaese RM, and Waldmann TA: Defective lymphocyte transformation and delayed hypersensitivity in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, J Immunol, 104: 835, 1970. 8. Spitler LE, Levin AS, Stites DP, Fudenberg HH, Pirofsky B, August C S, Stiehm ER, Hitzig WH, and Gatti R: The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, results of transfer factor therapy, J Clin Invest 51:3216, 1972. 9. Baldini, MG: Nature of the platelet defect in the WiskottAldrich syndrome, Ann N Y Acad Sci 201:437, 1972. 10. Krivit W, and Good RA: Aldrich's syndrome (thrombocytopenia, eczema and infection in infants), Am J Dis Child 97:137, 1959.
Altered composition and increased endothelial cell proliferative activity of proteoglycans isolated from breast carcinoma.

Background and Objectives: Proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix are vital to the growth and evolution of malignant neoplasms. The present study determined the composition of proteoglycans isolated from paired specimens of normal breast and adenocarcinoma of the breast harvested from each patient (n = 8). The proteoglycans were then tested for their ability to stimulate endothelial cell proliferation. Methods Proteoglycans were isolated by extraction with 4M guanidine hydrochloride and purified by CsCl density-gradient centrifugation. The proteoglycans were characterized and tested for their ability to simulate endothelial cell proliferation. Results In each case, the total proteoglycan content of the tumor was significantly greater than that of the corresponding normal tissue. The proteoglycans isolated from the carcinoma contained 32.2% (13.7/42.5) more chondroitin sulfate, 18.5% (5.6/30.2) less dermatan sulfate, and 29.6% (8.1/27.3) less heparan sulfate than did the proteoglycans of normal breast tissue. Proteoglycans from normal tissue did not stimulate endothelial cell proliferation, whereas those from malignant tissue stimulated proliferation by 1.3- to 1.5-fold. Conclusions These results indicate that malignant breast tissue exhibits both qualitative and quantitative changes in proteoglycan composition, which, in turn, may stimulate endothelial cell proliferation. J. Surg. Oncol. 68:250–254, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An Experimental Study of TLS Forward Secrecy Deployments

Many Transport Layer Security (TLS) servers use the ephemeral Diffie-Hellman (DHE) key exchange to support forward secrecy. However, in a survey of 473,802 TLS servers, the authors found that 82.9 percent of the DHE-enabled servers use weak DH parameters, resulting in a false sense of security. They compared the server throughput of various TLS setups, and measured real-world client-side latencies using an advertisement network. Their results indicate that using forward secrecy is no harder, and can even be faster using elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), than no forward secrecy.
Small-Signal Analysis and Optimal Design of External Ramp for Constant On-Time V $^{\bf 2}$ Control With Multilayer Ceramic Caps

Recently, constant on-time V2 control, and its variety named constant on-time control, or constant on-time ripple-based control is more and more popular in industry products due to features of high light-load efficiency, simple implementation, and fast transient response. However, subharmonic oscillation occurs when using multilayer ceramic caps due to the lagging phase of the capacitor voltage relative to the inductor current. External ramp compensation is one simple solution to solve the instability issue. However, the characteristics of constant on-time V2 control with external ramp are not fully understood and no explicit design guidelines for the external ramp are provided. This paper investigates the small-signal characteristics of constant on-time V2 control with external ramp compensation by providing a factorized, easy-to-use small-signal model. The external ramp is a critical parameter because it directly affects the position and damping of two pairs of double poles. Based on this fact, design guidelines of the external ramp for optimal dynamic performance are provided. Moreover, the effect of duty cycle is investigated. Finally, the small-signal experimental results and load transient performance are presented to verify the small-signal analysis and proposed design guideline.
Role of Surface Intramolecular Dynamics in the Efficiency of Energy Transfer in Ne Atom Collisions with a n-Hexylthiolate Self-Assembled Monolayer†

The energy-transfer dynamics associated with Ne atom collisions with a n-hexylthiolate self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surface at 20 kcal/mol collision energy are studied in chemical dynamics simulations by using both harmonic/separable and anharmonic/coupled surface models and by considering a SAM in both its classical potential energy minimum and containing a 293 K energy distribution. For the anharmonic surface, excitation of higher-energy potential energy minima arising from different intermolecular conformations of the alkyl chains and intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) between the surface modes during the collision enhance the energy transfer from Ne atom translation to the surface. IVR is efficient for the alkyl chain's torsional modes and intramolecular chain-bending modes and occurs on the time scale of the Ne atom collisions. It does not occur during the collisions for other modes, such as the higher-frequency intrachain CCC bends. This IVR between surface modes, during the co...
A Decade of Conway's Law: A Literature Review from 2003-2012

More than forty years ago, Melvin Conway published his seminal paper on the relationship between software architecture and development organizations, a phenomenon now known as "Conway's Law." We reviewed the literature to see how Conway's Law has been interpreted and used over the past decade. In particular, we looked at the types of organizations to which people have applied Conway's Law and the behaviors that people consider to be prescribed or proscribed by Conway. This pilot study attempts to articulate many of the views currently held within the software engineering community regarding Conway's Law. By doing so we hope to facilitate further meaningful studies of Conway.
Intracerebral hemorrhage occurring remote from the craniotomy site.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the available clinical data on postoperative intracerebral hemorrhages that occur in locations remote from the sites of craniotomy. METHODS: The findings of 37 cases of postoperative intracerebral hemorrhages occurring remote from the craniotomy sites were reviewed (5 from our records and 32 from the literature). RESULTS: Remote postoperative intracerebral hemorrhages presented within the first few hours postoperatively in 78% of the patients and were not related to the types of lesions for which the craniotomies were performed. Supratentorial procedures that produced infratentorial hemorrhages involved operations in the deep sylvian fissure and paraclinoid region in 81% of the patients and hemorrhages in the cerebellar vermis in 67% of the patients. Infratentorial procedures that produced supratentorial hemorrhages were performed with the patient in the sitting position for 87% of the patients. The remote supratentorial hemorrhages that occurred were superficial and lobar in 84% of the patients, as opposed to deep and basal ganglionic, which are classic locations for hypertensive hemorrhages. Remote intracerebral hemorrhages occurring after craniotomies were not associated with hypertension, coagulopathy, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, or underlying occult lesions. These hemorrhages commonly led to significant complications; 5 of 37 patients(14%) were left severely disabled, and 12 of 37 patients (32%) died. CONCLUSIONS: Remote intracerebral hemorrhage is a rare complication of craniotomy with significant morbidity and mortality. Such hemorrhages likely develop at or soon after surgery, tend to occur preferentially in certain locations, and can be related to the craniotomy site, operative positioning, and nonspecific mechanical factors. They do not seem to be related to hypertension, coagulopathy, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, or underlying pathological abnormalities.
Stories of Caregiving Intersections of Academic Research and Women’s Everyday Experiences

The article analyzes contemporary discourses and practices of caregiving and mothering. Using a case study of one employed mother as a starting point, the authors engage in writing-stories that combine the analyses of their e-mail and face-to-face conversations from the last couple of years with various journal entries and interdisciplinary research. The article concludes with a final section that articulates how caregiving discourses cut across public—private binaries in contradictory and productive ways. The analysis coalesces in a final writing-story.
Rheumatic manifestations of pituitary tumors.

Pituitary tumors may cause rheumatologic problems as a result of underproduction or overproduction of one pituitary hormone. Excessive growth hormone causes destruction of cartilage by a direct action. Facial and acral changes and arthralgias may be some of the first symptoms of acromegaly. The arthritis associated with acromegaly is often devastating. Carpal tunnel syndrome is very common in patients with acromegaly. Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) has indirect effects via the action of glucocorticoid on bones, muscles, and the immune system. Proximal muscle weakness is a characteristic feature of Cushing’s syndrome. Patients with Cushing’s syndrome commonly have osteopenia and osteoporosis that lead to an increase in bone fractures. Avascular necrosis is associated with exogenous steroid administration. The effects of too much glucocorticoid or too rapid withdrawal can be severe. Gonadotropins act via the gonadal steroids and protect bone mass from loss. Prolactin is less involved in rheumatologic disease; the data for which are limited in humans. Pituitary tumors can have manifestations similar to rheumatologic disorders and should be included in the differential diagnosis of these diseases.
Permanent seed implantation for localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

Prostate brachytherapy has become a popular treatment option for localized prostate cancer with over 44,000 procedures performed in 2000. Eighty-seven percent to 93% of patients who have a serum prostate-specific antigen less than 10 ng/mL, Gleason score of 6 or less, and low risk (disease stage ≤ T2a) can be expected to have an 8 to 10 year disease-free rate. The radiation dose delivered by the implants should exceed 140 Gy in men implanted with I-125 monotherapy. Patients with intermediate- and highrisk prostate cancer would benefit from the addition of either hormonal therapy and/or external beam irradiation to the implantation of seeds. Postimplant incontinence and proctitis can be minimized by controlling high radiation doses to the urethra and rectum. Potency is preserved in 70% of men with good preimplantation erectile function. Advances in technology, such as intraoperative dosimetry, will continue to make brachytherapy an attractive treatment option for men with localized prostate cancer.
Schottky contributions in chemical thermodynamics

Cryogenic heat-capacity determinations provide a useful tool for the determination of the energetic spectrum of condensed phases and also reveal information on their discrete electronic level structures as well. We have been interested in applying these techniques to actinide elements and have in recent months been working up the techniques to unravel the corresponding data for the lanthanide compounds—where opposite trends in cationic masses and molar volumes provide an opportunity to test theories useful for the resolution of excess heat capacity from lattice contributions.
Modeling and Simulation of an M1 Abrams Tank with Advanced Track Dynamics and Integrated Virtual Diesel Engine

Abstract New capabilities for simulating a tracked vehicle are presented, including an advanced dynamic track model, a high-fidelity diesel engine system model, and an integration scheme to perform a coupled simulation of vehicle/powertrain dynamics. These capabilities are essential for understanding the interplay of vehicle dynamics and powertrain dynamics, including track vibration (and durability). Suspension response and engine performance. The dynamic track model considers the track as an equivalent continuum and captures longitudinal and transverse track vibrations, static sag, and superposed translation. A low-order discrete model is developed by employing modal track coordinates. The continuum approximation for the track is validated through experiments on a representative track span. This track model is extended and implemented into a commercial multibody dynamics code—DADS—through development of a new user-support-force element that integrates the track element with the vehicle hull and suspensi...
Protein kinase Calpha contains two activator binding sites that bind phorbol esters and diacylglycerols with opposite affinities.

Based on marked differences in the enzymatic properties of diacylglycerols compared with phorbol ester-activated protein kinase C (PKC), we recently proposed that activation induced by these compounds may not be equivalent (Slater, S. J., Kelly, M. B., Taddeo, F. J., Rubin, E., and Stubbs, C. D.(1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 17160-17165). In the present study, direct evidence is provided showing that phorbol esters and diacylglycerols bind simultaneously to PKCα. Using a novel binding assay employing the fluorescent phorbol ester, sapintoxin-D (SAPD), evidence for two sites of high and low affinity was obtained. Thus, both binding and activation dose-response curves for SAPD were double sigmoidal, which was also observed for dose-dependent activation by the commonly used phorbol ester, 4β-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). TPA removed high affinity SAPD binding and also competed for the low affinity site. By contrast with TPA, low affinity binding of SAPD was inhibited by sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol (DAG), while binding to the high affinity site was markedly enhanced. Again contrasting with both TPA and DAG, the potent PKC activator, bryostatin-I (B-I), inhibited SAPD binding to its high affinity site, while low affinity binding was unaffected. Based on these findings, a model for PKC activation is proposed in which binding of one activator to the low affinity site allosterically promotes binding of a second activator to the high affinity site, resulting in an enhanced level of activity. Overall, the results provide direct evidence that PKCα contains two distinct binding sites, with affinities that differ for each activator in the order: DAG > phorbol ester > B-I and B-I > phorbol ester > DAG, respectively.
Dysfunctional swallowing in the pediatric patient: clinical considerations.

When caring for the pediatric patient with impaired or dysfunctional swallowing, the clinician must consider clinical issues unique to this age group. These include growth and development of the swallowing apparatus, maturation of feeding behavior, oral feeding and the development of parent-child bonding, and adequate nutrition for growth. This article will review these issues and examine their impact on the evaluation and treatment of the infant and child with dysfunctional swallowing.
Realism, Relativism and Rhetoric A Response to Comments on `Realism, Empiricism and Social Constructionism'

It is claimed here that the social constructionist `critiques' of scientific realism advanced by Jonathan Potter (1992) and John Shotter (1992) fail, both because they seriously misrepresent scientific realism, and because they provide no arguments or evidence to undermine the linguistic and epistemological objectivity of theories in natural and psychological science. A number of qualifications of scientific realism are made in the light of Rom Harrd's (1992) criticisms, which support a form of global epistemological relativism about scientific theories, but not forms of local epistemological relativism with respect to competing explanatory theories.
Advanced multivariable control of a pilot-plant distillation column

Commande multivariable d'une colonne avec prelevement lateral. Le controleur est compose d'un nouveau compensateur de retard multivariable couple a des controleurs PI classiques
Magnetic Properties of Random-Mixture Graphite Intercalation Compounds

Abstract Random-mixture GICs such as stage-2 NicMn1-cCl2 GICs and stage-2 CocMn1-cCl2 GICs provide model systems for studying 2D random spin systems with spin frustration effects. The magnetic properties of these compounds have been studied by dc and ac magnetic susceptibility, and low field SQUID magnetization measurements. An irreversible effect of magnetization for stage-2 NicMni1-cCl2 GICs (0.8 ≤ c ≤ 1) and stage-2 CocNi1-cCl2 GICs (0 ≤ c ≤ 1) indicates an occurrence of cluster glass phase below a critical temperature where the spin directions of ferromagnetic clusters are frozen because of frustrated interisland interactions.