cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Active metal brazing and characterization of brazed joints in titanium to carbon–carbon composites

The Ti-metal/C-C composite joints were formed by reactive brazing with three commercial brazes, namely, Cu-ABA, TiCuNi, and TiCuSiI. The joint microstructures were examined using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The results of the microstructure analysis indicate solute redistribution across the joint and possible metallurgical bond formation via interdiffusion, which led to good wetting and spreading. A tube-on-plate tensile test was used to evaluate joint strength of Ti-tube/ C-C composite joints. The load-carrying ability was greatest for the Cu-ABA braze joint structures. This system appeared to have the best braze spreading which resulted in a larger braze/C-C composite bonded area compared to the other two braze materials. Also, joint loadcarrying ability was found to be higher for joint structures where the fiber tows in the outer ply of the C-C composite were aligned perpendicular to the tube axis when compared to the case where fiber tows were aligned parallel to the tube axis.
Renormalizability and asymptotic freedom in quantum gravity

Abstract We discuss a previously proposed renormalizable theory of gravity involving R2μν, and N massless fermion (vector boson) fields in which the unitarity problem is resolved within a 1 N expansion. The infrared limit is precisely Einstein's theory, but the high-energy behavior is determined by the dimensionless, asymptotically free coupling of the R2μν. Various attractive possible consequences of the theory are pointed out.
Religion and positive well-being among Israeli and diaspora Jews: Findings from the World Values Survey

This study investigates the impact of selected religious indicators on two measures of positive well-being among Jews. Using data from subsamples of Jewish respondents from Israel (N = 1,023) and the diaspora (N = 859) taken from the World Values Survey, single-item measures of happiness and life satisfaction were regressed onto six measures of religiousness in the diaspora sample and onto the one religious measure available in the Israeli sample, adjusting for effects of age, gender, marital status, education, employment, and social class. Among Israeli Jews, affirming the importance of God in one's life is modestly associated with greater life satisfaction (β = 0.07, p < 0.05), but not with happiness. In the diaspora, the same measure is associated with greater happiness (β = 0.13, p < 0.01), as is more frequent attendance at synagogue services (β = 0.14, p < 0.01), but neither is associated with life satisfaction.
Neglect Benevolence in human control of robotic swarms

Robotic swarms are distributed systems whose members interact via local control laws to achieve different behaviors. Practical missions may require a combination of different swarm behaviors, where these behavioral combinations are not known a priori but could arise dynamically due to changes in mission goals. Therefore, human interaction with the swarm (HIS) is needed. In this paper, we introduce, formally define and characterize a novel concept, Neglect Benevolence, that captures the idea that it may be beneficial for system performance if the human operator, after giving a command, waits for some time before giving a subsequent command to the swarm. This raises the important question of the existence and means of calculation of the optimal time for the operator to give input to the swarm in order to optimize swarm behavior. Human operators are limited in their ability to estimate the best time to give input to the swarm. Therefore, automated aids that calculate the optimal input time could help the human operator achieve the best system performance. Our contributions are as follows. First, we formally define the new notion of Neglect Benevolence. Second, we prove the existence of Neglect Benevolence for a class of linear dynamical systems. Third, we provide an analytic characterization and an algorithm for calculating the optimal input time. Fourth, we apply the analysis to the human control of swarm configuration.
Mass Spectrometric Identification of Key Proteolytic Cleavage Sites in Statherin Affecting Mineral Homeostasis and Bacterial Binding Domains

Human salivary statherin inhibits both primary and secondary calcium phosphate precipitation and, upon binding to hydroxyapatite, associates with a variety of oral bacteria. These functions, crucia...
Urothelial Fragments in Non-instrumented Voided Urine Specimens are Associated with Low Rates of Urothelial Neoplasia

AUC suspicious for HGUC (suspicious). Materials and Methods: All urine cytologies with surgical follow-up diagnosed as AUC and suspicious were retrieved over a three-year period. All cases were independently re-reviewed by two pathologists blinded to the final diagnosis. Cytologic features evaluated included cellularity (>10 cells, 10-25 cells, 3x), nuclear irregularity, nuclear pleomorphism and hyperchromasia. Cases were considered predictive for malignancy if HGUC was found within one year of the cytology.Multivariate analysis using backwards stepwise regression was performed (JMP Pro 10 software). Results: There were 282 urine cases with surgical follow-up (223 AUC and 59 suspicious). HGUC was found in 105 of the AUC cases (48%) and 41 of the suspicious cases (70%). The most significant cytologic features that correlated with HGUC were nuclear irregularity, increased nuclear: cytoplasmic ratio and hyperchromasia (see Table). The remaining cytologic features showed no statistically significant correlation. Conclusions: Our study shows that themost important urine cytologic features to predict HGUC are the combination of increased nuclear: cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear irregularity, and hyperchromasia. These findings confirm the recently published Johns Hopkins HGUC criteria for urine cytology. Other cytologic features such as nuclear pleomorphism, chromatin pattern, and cellularity were less significant. The HGUC rate on followup of AUC was high because only cases with surgical followup were included in the study.
Spinal Sagittal Plane Deformities: Etiology, Evaluation, and Management

An aging population and an increasing number of spinal surgical procedures being performed have led to an increased number of patients presenting with spinal deformities and sagittal imbalance. Although few spine surgeons perform surgery on this patient population, most will encounter this problem in their practice. Individual spinal segments alignment is important to the overall sagittal balance. It is important to understand how these segments contribute to the global sagittal balance. Normal sagittal balance implies that the head is centered over the pelvis. When the individual is pitched forward, this is said to be a positive sagittal balance. The classic etiologies for sagittal imbalance include conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis, and Harrington distraction instrumentation. Other traditional etiologies include Zeilke and Dwyer anterior instrumentation. However, nowadays we are seeing other etiologies more frequently, including postlaminectomy deformities and iatrogenic postfusion kyphosis. Pseudoarthrosis and breakdown or fractures above or below long spinal fusions have become more common etiologies. Indications for spinal osteotomies include fixed spinal global sagittal imbalance, especially if associated with pain and disability. Surgical approaches vary depending on the nature and the etiology of the deformity, its location and the presence or absence of solid fusion in the area of intended correction. It is very important to plan the corrective procedure so that the final correction ensures the patient's spine aligns in at least neutral or negative sagittal balance.
Combining Environmental Information

Workshop proceedings and summary reports will appear in scientific periodicals and will also be available in various forms as technical reports from the NISS in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. In particular, study papers from the workshop will be prepared that will serve as indicators of further research directions, as well as current summaries of the complex issue of combining environmental data. Potential applications and improvements in associated areas of scientific/statistical research include census sampling, geostatistics, and biological effect modeling. This workshop was an experiment in how to stimulate and foster research and collaborations across disciplinary lines. Its motivation derives, however, from ever-growing social, political, economic, and scientific needs; with such strong background, it is hoped that the workshop stimulus will be strong, compelling, and fruitful.
Heat inactivation studies on animal viruses. I. The inactivation of virus hemagglutinin.

Abstract The heat inactivation of virus hemagglutinin has been studied for representative viruses of the mumps, Newcastle, and influenza group. The reaction is found to be pseudo-first order, under the conditions of ionic strength and pH used. On analysis of the first-order rate constants by reaction-rate theory, it is found that a correlation exists between the value of the heat of activation and virus type.
Effect of injection technique on temporal parametric imaging derived from digital subtraction angiography in patient specific phantoms.

Parametric imaging maps (PIM’s) derived from digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for the cerebral arterial flow assessment in clinical settings have been proposed, but experiments have yet to determine the reliability of such studies. For this study, we have observed the effects of different injection techniques on PIM’s. A flow circuit set to physiologic conditions was created using an internal carotid artery phantom. PIM’s were derived for two catheter positions, two different contrast bolus injection volumes (5ml and 10 ml), and four injection rates (5, 10, 15 and 20 ml/s). Using a gamma variate fitting approach, we derived PIM’s for mean-transit-time (MTT), time-to-peak (TTP) and bolus-arrivaltime (BAT). For the same injection rates, a larger bolus resulted in an increased MTT and TTP, while a faster injection rate resulted in a shorter MTT, TTP, and BAT. In addition, the position of the catheter tip within the vasculature directly affected the PIM. The experiment showed that the PIM is strongly correlated with the injection conditions, and, therefore, they have to be interpreted with caution. PIM images must be taken from the same patient to be able to be meaningfully compared. These comparisons can include pre- and post-treatment images taken immediately before and after an interventional procedure or simultaneous arterial flow comparisons through the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Due to the strong correlation between PIM and injection conditions, this study indicates that this assessment method should be used only to compare flow changes before and after treatment within the same patient using the same injection conditions.
Modes of natural vibration for magnetic domains

Abstract We analyze wall-vibration modes for the case of plane parallel stripe domains in a uniaxial film whose easy axis is normal to the film plane, using Landau-Lifshitz equations carried to the limit of vanishing wall thickness. We take into account long-range dipole interactions and wall-moment twist due to stray fields from magnetic charges on the film surfaces. The small-amplitude wall displacement q ( k, z ) depends on the position coordinate z normal to the film plane, and on a two dimensional wave vector k parallel to the film plane. Numerically computed natural frequencies v n ( k ) depend on the number of nodes n (=0, 1, 2 …) in the dependence of q on z . Surface and bulk modes are distinguished by the z -dependence of computed eigenmodes q n ( k, z ). The spectrum of computed natural frequencies compares favorably with available experimental data.
Osteonecrosis of the hip

Osteonecrosis of the hip is the final common pathway for a group of disorders that results in ischemia of the femoral head. Etiologies include disruption of vessels, external vascular occlusion, embolization, thrombosis, cytotoxicity, and idiopathic causes. As a result of the ischemia cell death occurs and the bone is weakened leading to collapse and eventual degenerative changes to the hip. Early diagnosis is crucial for the successful treatment of osteonecrosis. Unfortunately, most patients' conditions result in total hip arthroplasty. Here we review the etiology, diagnosis and current treatment options.
Live and laugh: a journey through motor neurone disease.

It was the neurologist who first suggested that I write about my life with motor neurone disease (MND). Other medical professionals, friends and family agreed. I started to believe I could, but in the back of my mind was the thought they were just humouring me. After all, when you have a degenerative disease like MND, everyone is more than nice to you. How I long to go back to people treating me as they did before. I forget I cannot speak now, although my brain still appears to work in the same way it always did.
Traumatic Communication Between Aorta and Left Atrium Diagnosed by Transesophageal Echocardiography

A45-year-old man was involved in a motor vehicle accident as an unrestrained driver. At the time of his arrival in the emergency room, he was hemodynamically stable but complained of severe chest pain and shortness of breath. A chest radiograph showed a wide mediastinum, and a CT scan of the chest suggested anterior mediastinal hemorrhage. A bedside transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) performed in the emergency …
Predicting the Ultraviolet Radiation Distribution in a Room with Multilouvered Germicidal Fixtures

Irradiating the upper part of a room with 254-nm ultraviolet (UV) radiation from a low-pressure mercury discharge lamp has the potential to be a relatively inexpensive method to reduce transmission of airborne infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. To protect occupants in the lower part of a room from radiation, multilouvered UV germicidal fixtures producing a horizontal, collimated beam are often used, particularly in rooms having a normal ceiling height. Knowledge of the fixture's emission characteristics and the airflow field are needed to estimate the UV dose to airborne microorganisms and assess the fixture's overall effectiveness in controlling disease transmission. In this article, a model is developed to predict the UV fluence rate at any location in the upper room for ceiling-mounted, multilouvered, pendant-type fixtures, which provide 360-degree emission in the horizontal plane. The model also predicts total UV power emitted by the fixture, which is the best single-number effectiveness index ...
Dietary sugars and carbohydrate metabolism in type II diabetes.

Diabetes, the most common metabolic disease, is responsible for the deaths of over 300,000 Americans annually. The incidence of the disease increases with age and since the U.S. population is graying, prevalence is also increasing. Obesity and family history are strong predictors of diabetes. The etiology of Type II diabetes is heterogeneous. The hyperglycemia of Type II diabetes can result from a variety of metabolic defects including impaired beta cell secretion, receptor deficiencies, or abnormal hepatic production or uptake of glucose. Other glucoregulatory hormones such as glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, thyroid hormones, somatostatin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide may contribute to the aberrations of carbohydrate metabolism. Environmental factors including stress, diet, and exercise may also contribute to the disease. Since most diabetics are obese, weight loss should be the first priority in improving status. A variety of diet and exercise regimens may help achieve this goal or even improve glucose control without weight loss. Due to the heterogeneity of the disease individualized treatment must be used to improve status of patients with the various metabolic defects of Type II diabetes.
Transformation of the product set in separation sequence synthesis

We examine the transformation of the product set in separation sequence synthesis for an all-sharp separation sequence producing nonsharp products
Application of the H3-proline topographic method to dental tissues.

Assessment is made in the present study of the applicability of the H3-proline autoradiographic topographic method to dental and supportive parodontal tissues. Furthermore, comparisons are made of the distribution and rates of matrix production of the mineralized tissues, dentin, cementum and alveolar bone at the maxillary first molars and incisors of 5-week-old, short-lived strain of BNL Swiss albino mice. The results show that tooth collagen matrix production by dentogenic and cementogenic tissues is signicantly larger than by dental or appendicular osteogenic tissues, with incisor dentin formation exceeding all surface activities evaluated to date. It is concluded that the H3-proline topographic method is a sensitive technique offering greater refinement, and a broader spectrum of analytic possibilities than presently used technology. Integrated cellular and matrical evaluation is achieved, thus adding a new dimension to the assessment of current problems in oral biology.
Measurement of gait speed of older adults is feasible and informative in a home-care setting.

ABSTRACTPurpose:Although gait speed is widely recommended as a measure of activity limitation, it is not routinely used clinically with older adults. This retrospective study was undertaken to determine whether the measurement of gait speed is feasible and informative in a home care setting.Methods:
Induction and Development of Increased Ion Absorption in Corn Root Tissue

Washing excised or intact primary roots of corn ( Zea mays L., WF9 × M14) in aerated distilled water or dilute salt solutions for 2 hours induced doubling of the rate of accumulation of various nutrient ions and solutes. This response to washing depended upon aerobic metabolism, but involved no increase in aerobic respiration. Excision of root tissue was not required as the effect could be obtained with intact root systems. Increased phosphate absorption followed after a lag period of 30 to 40 minutes and continued for 6 hours before leveling off at about 3.5 times the initial rate. Chloramphenicol was not inhibitory to the development of increased absorption, while inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis were. Auxins and kinetin were also inhibitory, but so was the antiauxin, 2,4,6-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Kinetic analyses of phosphate and potassium ( 86 Rb) absorption showed no change in apparent Michaelis constant. Electron microscopic examination and analysis for membrane protein and lipid-phosphate content after washing showed no proliferation of membrane or other changes in cell structure and composition. It appears that washing augments or activates existing membrane transport mechanisms by processes involving protein synthesis.
Higher order modes in acoustically antiguiding optical fiber

We present evidence of the presence of higher order acoustic modes in acoustically antiguiding optical fiber. Microwave heterodyne measurements (∼11 GHz) on a fiber with a pure silica core and F-doped cladding reveal a Brillouin gain spectrum with two distinguishable acoustic modes. A simple model calculates the measured spectrum very well. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2347–2349, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27049
On the Occurrence of the Archiannelids, Saccocirrus and Protodrilus, on the South and West Coasts of England

IN NATURE (vol. 91, pp. 8 and 348) the present writer recorded in 1913 the occurrence—for the first time in England—of abundance of Protodrilus in many situations, and a few Saccocirrus in one situation rear Plymouth, and it was shown that both these forms have the curious preference for situations near high-water mark where fresh water trickles through or over the foreshore at low water, but covered by sea water at high tide (l.c. 348). Since 1913 the writer has searched for and found Protodrilus in similar situations and in a large number of places between Salcombe and Falmouth, and this year was successful in taking the same animal at two places on the west coast of England, namely, on September 7, near high-water mark where the Wanson (so-called) river runs into the sea at the south end of Widemouth Bay near Bude. (See Ord. Survey Map, 1 in. to mile, river Torridge, Sheet 127, 1H, 7-53), and on September 22 in a similar situation on a beach—formerly well known for shells—at Woolacombe (see O.S. Map, 1 in. to mile, Barnstaple, Sheet 119, 4C, 16-02).
Are arms transfers from the former Soviet Union a security threat? The case of combat aircraft

The post‐Cold War threat of exports of advanced conventional weaponry from the former Soviet Union has been more of a paper tiger than a reality for US defense planners. In fact, transfers have been extremely limited in number and consequence. I argue that the period from 1990 to 1997 was characterized by political, economic, and technological restraints on exports from the ex‐Soviet republics. These constraints will continue to limit transfers for the foreseeable future. Russia's plans to build up the defense industrial bases of China and India are cause for more concern. Even here, Russian arms cooperation has been problematic, and the long‐term threat is uncertain.
Cognitive and emotional sequelae of cerebellar infarct : A case report

The cerebellum has long been the subject of scientific investigation, but its role in nonmotor functions has only recently begun to receive serious consideration. Despite the growing literature linking the cerebellum to nonmotor/cognitive functions in humans, some controversy remains concerning the cerebellum's role in these processes. We present a patient who developed both specific language processing and verbal memory deficits and emotional changes in the context of normal intelligence following a bilateral cerebellar ischemic stroke. Despite having multiple localized cerebellar lesions, this patient had no significant motor problems, nor was there radiological evidence of focal forebrain lesions to which the cognitive and emotional effects might be attributed. The role of the cerebellum in cognition and the relevance of cerebellum-associated cognitive/emotional dysfunction to the practicing clinician are discussed.
Social and psychological resources and health outcomes after the World Trade Center disaster

Previous studies on community disasters tend to assess non-representative samples and use nonstandard measures of well-being. Additionally, few of these studies are longitudinal in design. In this report, we examine the consequences of the World Trade Center Disaster (WTCD) within a stress model perspective to assess level of exposure to the disaster and well-being after this event, as measured by the SF12 mental health and physical health scales. Data come from a two-wave panel study of 1681 English or Spanish speaking adults living in New York City on the day of the terrorist attacks and were collected by telephone interviews 1 and 2 years after the disaster. In ordinary least-squares regression models that contained demographic characteristics, stress risk factors, and social psychological resources as independent variables, level of exposure to the disaster was associated with poorer Wave 2 physical well-being, but not psychological health. Level of disaster exposure was not related to Wave 2 physical health, however, once the Wave 1 level of physical health was controlled, suggesting that disaster exposure did not have a lasting impact on variation in physical well-being. Results also indicated that experiencing a panic attack, negative life events, or traumatic events were related to poorer physical health. Respondents who met screening criteria for possible alcohol dependence post-disaster, experienced negative life events, or experienced traumatic events, were more likely to suffer from poorer mental health compared to those who did not meet the criteria, experience negative life events or experience traumas. We discuss these findings relative to community disasters in industrialized and developing countries.
Rapid identification of bluetongue virus by nucleic acid hybridization in solution

Abstract A liquid phase hybridization format has been adapted for the identification of bluetongue virus (BTV) with respect to serogroup and serotype. In this paper we present experiments which demonstrate the identification of bluetongue virus with respect to both serogroup and serotype. BTV serogroup-specific and BTV serotype 17-specific single-stranded RNA probes labeled with 35 S-CTP were used to identify BTV viral nucleic acids in infected cell culture lysates. Cell lysates were prepared for testing by rapid solubilization in a guanidine isothiocyanate/EDTA/dithiothreitol medium. Hybridizations were done in 12.5 μl reaction volumes for 2 h or overnight using nanogram quantities of probe. An RNAse solution was added subsequent to hybridization and incubated for 30 min. TCA-precipitable counts were collected and quantitated by scintillation counting. Specific hybridization signals were obtained in as little as 3 h in assays consisting of uninfected controls, cells infected with different BTV serotypes, and cells infected with a strain of epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer (EHDV-1). By using asymmetric single-stranded RNA probes we were able to distinguish viral mRNA and viral double-stranded RNA components. We propose this technique as an ancillary or replacement procedure for the confirmation and classification of viral isolates using an appropriate battery of nucleic acid probes. Potential applications and methods of enhancing the technique are discussed.
Comparative and developmental functional morphology of the jaws of living and fossil gars (Actinopterygii: Lepisosteidae)

The feeding mechanism of gars (Ginglym- odi : Lepisosteidae) is characterized by cranial elevation and lower jaw rotation but minimal cranial kinesis. Gar jaws have numerous, sharply pointed, elongate teeth for capture of evasive prey. Their mandibles range from rel- atively short to extremely long depending on the species. Jaw length and lever dimensions were hypothesized to affect the biomechanics of force and motion during feed- ing, according to simple mechanical models of muscles exerting force through first- or third-order levers. A mor- phometric protocol was used to measure the jaw structure of seven living and five fossil species of gar and these data were used to calculate the mechanical advantage (a mea- sure of force transmission) for both opening and closing of the mandible. Gars were found to possess low mechanical advantage (MA) and high transmission of motion, al- though gars occupy a range of biomechanical states across the continuum of force vs. velocity transmission. The long- nose gar, Lepisosteus osseus, has one of the lowest jaw closing MAs (0.05) ever measured in fishes. Intraspecific lever mechanics were also calculated for a developmental series (from feeding larvae to adults) of L. osseus and Atractosteus spatula. A characteristic ontogenetic curve in MA of the lower jaw was obtained, with a large decrease in MA between larva and juvenile, followed by a steady in- crease during adult growth. This curve correlates with a change in prey type, with the small, robust-jawed individ- uals feeding mainly on crustaceans and insects and the large, long-jawed individuals of all species becoming mainly piscivorous. Principal components analysis of functionally important morphometrics shows that several gar species occupy different regions of functional morpho- space. Some fossil gar species are also placed within func- tional morphospace using this approach. J. Morphol. 000: 000 - 000, 2005. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Wheel running attenuates microglia proliferation and increases expression of a proneurogenic phenotype in the hippocampus of aged mice

Aging is associated with low-grade neuroinflammation including primed microglia that may contribute to deficits in neural plasticity and cognitive function. The current study evaluated whether exercise modulates division and/or activation state of microglia in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, as activated microglia can express a classic inflammatory or an alternative neuroprotective phenotype. We also assessed hippocampal neurogenesis to determine whether changes in microglia were associated with new neuron survival. Adult (3.5 months) and aged (18 months) male BALB/c mice were individually housed with or without running wheels for 8 weeks. Mice received bromodeoxyuridine injections during the first or last 10 days of the experiment to label dividing cells. Immunofluorescence was conducted to measure microglia division, co-expression of the neuroprotective indicator insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and new neuron survival. The proportion of new microglia was increased in aged mice, and decreased from wheel running. Running increased the proportion of microglia expressing IGF-1 suggesting exercise shifts microglia phenotype towards neuroprotection. Additionally, running enhanced survival of new neurons in both age groups. Findings suggest that wheel running may attenuate microglia division and promote a proneurogenic phenotype in aged mice.
Enhanced Continuous-Time Unit-Specific Event-Based Formulation for Short-Term Scheduling of Multipurpose Batch Processes: Resource Constraints and Mixed Storage Policies.

An enhanced continuous-time formulation is presented for the short-term scheduling of multipurpose batch plants with intermediate due dates. The proposed formulation is based on the continuous-time formulation introduced by Ierapetritou and Floudas (Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1998, 37, 4341 and 4360) and incorporates and elaborates on several features that include (i) various storage policies (UIS, FIS, NIS, and ZW), (ii) resource constraints, (iii) variable batch sizes and processing times, (iv) batch mixing and splitting, and (v) sequence-dependent changeover times. The key features of the proposed formulation include a continuous-time representation utilizing a necessary number of event points of unknown location corresponding to the activation of a task. Also, tasks are allowed to continue over several event points, enabling resource quantities to be correctly determined at the beginning of each resource utilization. Several examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed formulation, and comparisons with other approaches are provided.
Involvement of nervous system pathways in primary Sjögren's syndrome.

A wide range of central and peripheral nervous system disorders occur in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS), although the true prevalence is an aspect which has been and remains controversial. Under-recognition of pSS and lack of consensus regarding criteria contribute to the uncertainty regarding the extent of neuropsychiatric involvement. A relatively high rate of affective and cognitive symptoms, as well as abnormal fatigue and poorly characterized pain, are features of pSS that contribute to diminishing health quality in the pSS population. This article describes the neurologic complications and controversies that surround the neurologic syndromes associated with pSS and reviews the current literature on potential immunopathogenetic mechanisms and therapy.
Wnt7a is a novel inducer of β-catenin-independent tumor-suppressive cellular senescence in lung cancer.

Cellular senescence is an initial barrier for carcinogenesis. However, the signaling mechanisms that trigger cellular senescence are incompletely understood, particularly in vivo. Here we identify Wnt7a as a novel upstream inducer of cellular senescence. In two different mouse strains (C57Bl/6J and FVB/NJ), we show that the loss of Wnt7a is a major contributing factor for increased lung tumorigenesis owing to reduced cellular senescence, and not reduced apoptosis, or autophagy. Wnt7a-null mice under de novo conditions and in both the strains display E-cadherin-to-N-cadherin switch, reduced expression of cellular senescence markers and reduced expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype, indicating a genetic predisposition of these mice to increased carcinogen-induced lung tumorigenesis. Interestingly, Wnt7a induced an alternate senescence pathway, which was independent of β-catenin, and distinct from that of classical oncogene-induced senescence mediated by the well-known p16INK4a and p19ARF pathways. Mechanistically, Wnt7a induced cellular senescence via inactivation of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, an important alternate regulator of cellular senescence. Additionally, we identified Iloprost, a prostacyclin analog, which initiates downstream signaling cascades similar to that of Wnt7a, as a novel inducer of cellular senescence, presenting potential future clinical translational strategies. Thus pro-senescence therapies using either Wnt7a or its mimic, Iloprost, might represent a new class of therapeutic treatments for lung cancer.
The cost of living, labor market opportunities, and the migration decision: a case of misspecification?

A large literature has emerged dealing with the economic and non-economic determinants of migration. Among the economic determinants of migration are income levels and rates of change in income in different areas. These variables are designed to measure labor market opportunities both currently and in the future. Invariably, studies which attempt to explain migration utilizenominal measures of income and change in income, notreal measures. Yet assuming that individuals are not subject to money illusion, they would be interested in cost of living information as well as in information regarding nominal income and change in income. This paper examines this issue empirically. We demonstrate that some cost of living variables, when included in a migration equation, enter with the expected sign and are statistically significant. We also demonstrate the failure to include such variables in a regression results in misspecification and bias involving some of the variables in the regression.
Cytotoxic and Tumor Inhibitory Agent from Polygala macradenia Gray (Polygalaceae): 4′-Demethyldeoxypodophyllotoxin

The chloroform fraction of Polygala macradenia exhibited activity against the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia and human epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx test systems. The constituent responsible for this activity was a lignan, 4'-demethyldeoxypodophyllotoxin (C21H20O7). The identity was proven by elemental analysis; PMR, IR, mass spectrometric, and melting-point determinations; and preparation of a derivative.
Breakup dominance at higher incident energy in the 40Ca(16O, 12C) reaction

Abstract Incident energy dependence of 40 Ca( 16 O, 12 C) inclusive spectra was studied, and it was found that the projectile breakup process prevails at ≈20 MeV A . Concidence measurement was then carried out between 12 C and α-particle, and the experimental results confirmed the dominance of the elastic-breakup process in the forward angles. A significant contribution of the inelastic 16 O breakup into 12 C ∗ (2 + , 4.4 MeV) and α particles is also found, proving a general trend that the lower energy portion in the inclusive spectrum is composed of the more complicated process.
Perturbation of nuclear spin polarizations in solid state NMR of nitroxide-doped samples by magic-angle spinning without microwaves

We report solid state 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments with magic-angle spinning (MAS) on frozen solutions containing nitroxide-based paramagnetic dopants that indicate significant perturbations of nuclear spin polarizations without microwave irradiation. At temperatures near 25 K, 1H and cross-polarized 13C NMR signals from 15N,13C-labeled L-alanine in trinitroxide-doped glycerol/water are reduced by factors as large as six compared to signals from samples without nitroxide doping. Without MAS or at temperatures near 100 K, differences between signals with and without nitroxide doping are much smaller. We attribute most of the reduction of NMR signals under MAS near 25 K to nuclear spin depolarization through the cross-effect dynamic nuclear polarization mechanism, in which three-spin flips drive nuclear polarizations toward equilibrium with spin polarization differences between electron pairs. When T1e is sufficiently long relative to the MAS rotation period, the distribution of electron spin polarization across the nitroxide electron paramagnetic resonance lineshape can be very different from the corresponding distribution in a static sample at thermal equilibrium, leading to the observed effects. We describe three-spin and 3000-spin calculations that qualitatively reproduce the experimental observations.
199 DEVELOPMENT OF GLYCOGEN AND PHOSPHOLIPID METABOLISM IN FETAL AND NEWBORN RAT LUNG

Fetal rat lung glycogen content decreases as phosphatidyl-choline (PC) content increases during lung maturation. We have investigated glycogen and PC metabolism in fetal and newborn rat lung. Lung glycogen concentration was maximal on day 20 of gestation (term = 22 days) and then fell to low levels by 1 day of age. Glycogen synthetase I (the active form in adult muscle) activity increased two fold from day 18 of gestation to day 21. Glycogen synthetase D activity was 6-7 times greater than synthetase I, increased two fold from day 19 to day 22 and fell by 50% after birth. Glycogen phosphorylase a (the active form) activity increased two fold from day 19 to day 22 and fell after birth. Phosphorylase b activity remained low throughout the study period. The PC content of the lungs increased by 60% from day 19 to day 1 of life. Seventy-five percent of this increase was due to an increase in the disaturated form. The rate of incorporation of 14C-choline into PC increased 10 fold from day 19 to day 1 of age. During this time, the fraction of labelled PC that was disaturated increased from 35% to 43%. This temporal relationship between decreasing lung glycogen content and increasing lung PC content and synthesis suggests that carbohydrate derived from glycogenolysis in fetal rat lung may provide substrate or energy for PC synthesis.
Fine structure of cellular inclusions in experimental measles.

Abstract The fine structure of cellular inclusions in HeLa cell cultures infected with measles virus consists of many areas of filamentous fibers and rod-like strands. The cytoplasmic bodies present a particulate-like appearance in an ordered array or crystalline-like group. The intranuclear bodies consist of randomly arrayed filaments of high electron density. The identity of the cytoplasmic measles inclusion bodies in the thin sections prepared for electron microscopy was established by comparing the adjacent thick section in the light microscope. A similarity of structure is evident in the cytoplasmic inclusion bodies of measles and distemper even when the two viruses infect different host cells.
The development, validation, and implications of a measure of consumer competitive arousal (CCAr)

Abstract This paper details the conceptual and empirical development of a 10-item scale to measure consumer competitive arousal (CCAr). Consumers experience competitive arousals in a wide variety of consumption contexts. Though the subject has been of interest in several recent studies, neither a consistent definition nor a reliable and valid measurement of the construct has been developed. The study offers a reliable and valid measurement scale of consumer competitive arousal by testing it in three pre-purchase and one post-purchase situation. The findings support three distinct dimensions of the CCAr construct (performance anxiety, rivalry, and scarcity recognition), which help shape a clear definition of the construct. Both the composite and its individual dimensions demonstrate predictive power for several behavioral and attitudinal outcomes.
Preparation of a Prototype Inactivated Hepatitis A Virus Vaccine from Infected Cell Cultures

Studies were conducted on the preparation, inactivation, safety, and immunogenicity of a prototype hepatitis A virus vaccine prepared from infected cell cultures. BS-C-1 cells maintained in medium 199 without serum were infected with the HM175 strain of hepatitis A virus and harvested after 21-28 days. The harvested virus preparation contained 6.8-7.4 (log 10) cell culture infectious doses/ml. After exposure to 1:4,000 formalin at 35 C, the infectivity titer decreased 10(6)-fold in 30 hr at an exponential rate, although virus was detected in 5.0-ml vaccine samples for up to three days. Three separate vaccine lots elicited antibody in all the guinea pigs given three doses. Owl monkeys given three doses of vaccine did not have any evidence of HAV infection but developed antibodies identifiable by radioimmunoassay and serum neutralization tests. After either oral or intravenous challenge with at least 10(6) monkey infectious doses of a virulent field strain of hepatitis A virus, none of the vaccinated monkeys shed virus in their feces or had elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase. The findings suggest that an effective inactivated whole virus hepatitis A vaccine can be prepared from cell culture.
The shape of single-layer folds at small but finite amplitude

Abstract An analytical approximation for the folding of a single viscous layer at small but finite limb-dip is used to evaluate fold shape up to limb-dips of 20°–30°. For ratios of medium viscosity to layer viscosity smaller than about 0.2 folds in the wavelength/thickness range of 4–15 develop a nearly parallel form.
Reweighted nuclear norm minimization with application to system identification

The matrix rank minimization problem consists of finding a matrix of minimum rank that satisfies given convex constraints. It is NP-hard in general and has applications in control, system identification, and machine learning. Reweighted trace minimization has been considered as an iterative heuristic for this problem. In this paper, we analyze the convergence of this iterative heuristic, showing that the difference between successive iterates tends to zero. Then, after reformulating the heuristic as reweighted nuclear norm minimization, we propose an efficient gradient-based implementation that takes advantage of the new formulation and opens the way to solving large-scale problems. We apply this algorithm to the problem of low-order system identification from input-output data. Numerical examples demonstrate that the reweighted nuclear norm minimization makes model order selection easier and results in lower order models compared to nuclear norm minimization without weights.
Endoscopic Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Pediatric Patients: 2-Year Experience with Dextranomer/Hyaluronic Acid Copolymer

ABSTRACTPurpose: We investigated the effectiveness of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (dextranomer microspheres in sodium hyaluronan solution) as a treatment for urinary incontinence due to sphincter incompetence in children and adolescents.Materials and Methods: Patients with urinary incontinence due to neurogenic and structural causes were given a transurethral injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer to increase bladder outlet resistance. Patients were assessed at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after injection using a validated questionnaire, 1-hour pad test, ultrasonography, cystography and cystometry. Patients who remained incontinent were offered repeat injections of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer up to a maximum of 3 injections.Results: A total of 16 patients 8 to 22 years old were treated with dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer, including 3 with neurogenic bladder, 8 with bladder exstrophy after 3-stage reconstruction, 4 with penopubic epispadias and 1 with urogenital sinus. M...
Laparoscopic biopsy and ureterolysis in Erdheim-Chester disease.

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare, progressive, non–Langerhans cell histiocytosis that portends a poor prognosis. Misdiagnosis is common until adequate tissue analysis reveals the infiltrative histiocytic process. The disease process affects various organ systems, and effective treatment options are limited. Knowledge of the constellation of signs and symptoms associated with ECD is important to avoid misdiagnosis. We describe a patient who underwent laparoscopic bilateral ureterolysis and laparoscopic biopsy for presumed retroperitoneal fibrosis confirmed previously by percutaneous needle biopsy findings. The final pathologic diagnosis based on laparoscopic biopsy results was ECD. As evidenced by this case, ureterolysis offers little benefit to patients with ECD.
273 CORD BLOOD AMPICILLIN LEVELS

Cord blood ampicillin levels were studied in 30 neonates ranging in gestational age from 28 to 44 wks. (988 gms to 3620 gms). Cord specimens were obtained immediately following delivery and frozen at −70°C until tested by the microbiologic discdiffusion assay. Maternal ampicillin was administered over 15 minutes as a single 2 gms IV dose in 22 patients (1 set of twins), as a single 1 gm dose in 3 pts. and as a multiple dose of 2 gms followed in 4 hrs. by 1 gm in 4 pts. Indications for ampicillin therapy and dosage remained the responsibility of the obstetrical service; 19 mothers received drug for C-section prophylaxis, 6 for PROM and 4 for amnionitis. Interval from last ampicillin dose to delivery cord blood sampling ranged from 11 to 332 minutes (mean 84.4 mins.) and ampicillin levels ranged from 2.9 to 40 ug/ml (mean 18.7 ug/ml). No significant differences existed between levels in the C-section prophylaxis group, PROM group and amnionitis group. The mean level was 18.6 ug/ml for the C-section prophylaxis group. The mean levels at ≥ 30, ≥ 60, ≥ 90, ≥ 120, ≥ 180 and ≥ 180 minutes were 22.8 ug/ml, 15.8 ug/ml, 24.8 ug/ml, 20.8 ug/ml, 11.2 ug/ml and 6.2 ug/ml respectively. The cord ampicillin level determinations were well within the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the usual ampicillin-sensative pathogens of the newborn. No postnatal infections were noted in the 30 neonates studied. The effect of maternal ampicillin prophylaxis on neonatal outcome must await further controlled study.
Orientations and motivations: Are you a “people person,” a “thing person,” or both?

Previous theory and research suggests that individuals selectively orient primarily toward the social environment (people) or toward the physical environment (things). These orientations can be conceptualized as motivation-based complexes that influence personal preferences and interests, with consequences for important life choices. This paper examined differential orientation in two studies, one with university students and another with children. Person-thing Orientation showed sex differences and was related to occupational choices in both age groups. For university students person-thing interests were linked to academic majors, and retention within programs focused on things (e.g., science and engineering). Sex differences were greater for TO than PO, but not for students majoring in engineering. Sex differences in selective orientations to the social and physical environments were similar in children (3rd and 6th grade) and university students, suggesting processes may be underway early and may be consequential for sex differences in interests and career trajectories for STEM.