cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intracellular Localization of Enzymes of Arginine Metabolism in Neurospora

Abstract The physical basis for the confinement of carbamyl phosphate, ornithine, and arginine to specific anabolic fates has been investigated. Cell extracts of Neurospora grown in minimal medium were fractionated by differential centrifugation to determine the subcellular localization of the relevant enzymes. Carbamyl-P synthase A (arginine-specific; EC 2.7.2.5), ornithine acetyltransferase, and ornithine carbamyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.2) were found to be associated with a particulate (organellar) fraction. All three enzymes co-sediment with mitochondria on linear sorbitol gradients, and appear to be components of the mitochondrial matrix. The mitochondrial membrane limits the ability of exogenous substrates to be metabolized by these enzymes in vitro. Arginine synthesis from citrulline, putrescine synthesis from ornithine, and the catabolism of ornithine and arginine are carried out by cytoplasmic enzymes. The catabolic enzymes are found at significant levels even during growth in minimal medium, but little catabolism occurs in vivo. The results indicate that the anabolic and catabolic pathways of ornithine metabolism are, in part, separated by the mitochondrial membrane. However, the mechanisms responsible for confining carbamyl-P and ornithine to arginine synthesis and arginine to protein synthesis are more complex than the simple physical separation of the anabolic and catabolic enzymes.
Routine Opt-Out HIV Testing Strategies in a Female Jail Setting: A Prospective Controlled Trial

Background Ten million Americans enter jails annually. The objective was to evaluate new CDC guidelines for routine opt-out HIV testing and examine the optimal time to implement routine opt-out HIV testing among newly incarcerated jail detainees. Methods This prospective, controlled trial of routine opt-out HIV testing was conducted among 323 newly incarcerated female inmates in Connecticut's only women's jail. 323 sequential entrants to the women's jail over a five week period in August and September 2007 were assigned to be offered routine opt-out HIV testing at one of three points after incarceration: immediate (same day, n = 108), early (next day, n = 108), or delayed (7 days, n = 107). The primary outcome was the proportion of women in each group consenting to testing. Results Routine opt-out HIV testing was significantly highest (73%) among the early testing group compared to 55% for immediate and 50% for 7 days post-entry groups. Other factors significantly (p = 0.01) associated with being HIV tested were younger age and low likelihood of early release from jail based on bond value or type of charge for which women were arrested. Conclusions In this correctional facility, routine opt-out HIV testing in a jail setting was feasible, with highest rates of testing if performed the day after incarceration. Lower testing rates were seen with immediate testing, where there is a high prevalence of inability or unwillingness to test, and with delayed testing, where attrition from jail increases with each passing day. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00624247.
MACROBENTHIC COLONIST GUILDS AND RENEGADES IN MONTEREY CANYON (USA) DRIFT ALGAE: PARTITIONING MULTIDIMENSIONS

Accumulations of sunken drift macrophytes are known to stimulate high secondary production in submarine canyon heads, but the details of macroinvertebrate colonization of these subsidies are poorly known. I conducted a series of algal and macrofanual sampling programs and manipulative algal-placement experiments in different Monterey Canyon head sub-habitats and seasons from 1988 to 1991 to elucidate the dynamics of macroinvertebrate associations with sunken drift macrophytes, severe annual sediment-flushing events, and the physical and chemical changes associated with these agents of subsidy and disturbance. Conducting these investigations in such a highly disturbed and subsidized setting, i.e., with multiple niche axes, would enable novel insights into how biological communities are structured. Up to 5.7 × 105 individual macrofauna/m2 inhabited naturally occurring patches of sunken drift algae in Monterey Canyon's shallow head (Monterey Bay, California, USA), and the seasonally changing mosaics of macro...
Proximal Hypospadias and Risk of Acquired Cryptorchidism

Purpose: We hypothesized that boys with proximal hypospadias are at increased risk for acquired cryptorchidism.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively studied the records of 114 boys who underwent repair for proximal hypospadias and had at least 1 year of followup, and 342 age matched boys receiving well child examinations. We used chi-square analysis to determine if cryptorchidism prevalence differed between the cohorts. Association between predictor (presence and severity of hypospadias, ethnicity/race, age, medical comorbidities) and outcome (acquired cryptorchidism, primary cryptorchidism, retractile testes) variables was modeled using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.Results: A total of 22 subjects (19%) with hypospadias had 26 nonscrotal testes, of which 2 (2%) represented primary cryptorchidism, 16 (14%) acquired cryptorchidism and 8 (7%) retractile testes. A total of 12 controls (3.5%) had 15 nonscrotal testes, of which 6 (1.8%) represented primary cryptorchidism, 1 (0.3%...
Ultra-high quality factor optical resonators based on semiconductor nanowires

We propose a platform to achieve ultra-high Quality factor (Q) optical resonators based on semiconductor nanowires. By defining onedimensional photonic crystal at nanowire ends and engineering the microcavity pattern, cavities with Q of 3 x 10(5) and mode volume smaller than 0.2(lambda/n)(3) have been designed. This represents an increase of almost three orders of magnitude over the Quality factor of an as-grown nanowire. Our cavities are well-suited for the realization of nanowire-based low-threshold lasers, single-photon sources and quantum optical devices that operate in the strong-coupling limit.
Spine Loss and Other Persistent Alterations of Hippocampal Pyramidal Cell Dendrites in a Model of Early-Onset Epilepsy

To explore the anatomical substrates for network hyperexcitability in adult rats that become chronically epileptic after recurrent seizures in infancy, the dendritic and axonal arbors of biocytin-filled hippocampal pyramidal cells were reconstructed. On postnatal day 10, tetanus toxin was unilaterally injected into the hippocampus and produced brief but recurrent seizures for 1 week. Later, hippocampal slices taken from these rats exhibited synchronized network bursts in area CA3C. Both the apical and basilar dendritic arbors of CA3C pyramidal cells were markedly abnormal in these epileptic rats. There was a considerable reduction in the density of dendrite spines, although the extent of this loss could vary among dendritic segments. Spine density on terminal segments of the basilar and apical dendrites was reduced on average by 35 and 20%, respectively. In addition, the diameters of these same dendritic segments were markedly reduced. Dendritic spine loss has previously been suggested to indicate a partial deafferentation of epileptic neurons, but this interpretation is difficult to reconcile with the critical role recurrent excitatory synaptic transmission plays in the generation of synchronized network burst. In this study, axonal arbors of CA3C pyramidal cells exhibited normal branching patterns, branching complexity, and varicosity density. This suggests that if deafferentation occurs, synapses other than recurrent excitatory ones are lost. The morphological abnormalities reported here would be expected to significantly alter electrical signaling within dendrites that may contribute importantly to seizures and other behavioral sequelae of early-onset epilepsy.
The Structure of Nuprl’s Type Theory

After my lectures on this topic were delivered in July 1995 at Markt ob erdorf, my colleagues and I made available much more related material both at the Nuprl home page on the World Wide Web (“the Web”) (www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/NuPrl/nuprl.html) and in publications [22], some soon to appear [11].
Alcohol-induced retrograde memory impairment in rats: prevention by caffeine.

Rationale Ethanol and caffeine are two of the most widely consumed drugs in the world, often used in the same setting. Animal models may help to understand the conditions under which incidental memories formed just before ethanol intoxication might be lost or become difficult to retrieve. Objectives Ethanol-induced retrograde amnesia was investigated using a new odor-recognition test. Materials and methods Rats thoroughly explored a wood bead taken from the cage of another rat, and habituated to this novel odor (N1) over three trials. Immediately following habituation, rats received saline, 25 mg/kg pentylenetetrazol (a seizure-producing agent known to cause retrograde amnesia) to validate the test, 1.0 g/kg ethanol, or 3.0 g/kg ethanol. The next day, they were presented again with N1 and also a bead from a new rat’ sc age (N2). Results Rats receiving saline or the lower dose of ethanol showed overnight memory for N1, indicated by preferential exploration of N2 over N1. Rats receiving pentylenetetrazol or the higher dose of ethanol appeared not to remember N1, in that they showed equal exploration of N1 and N2. Caffeine (5 mg/kg), delivered either 1 h after the higher dose of ethanol or 20 min prior to habituation to N1, negated ethanol-induced impairment of memory for N1. A combination of a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor and an adenosine A2A antagonist, mimicking two major mechanisms of action of caffeine, likewise prevented the memory impairment, though either drug alone had no such effect. Binge alcohol can induce retrograde, caffeine-reversible disruption of social odor memory storage or recall.
The impact of spatial resolution on the classification of plant species and functional types within imaging spectrometer data

Abstract Several upcoming hyperspectral satellite sensor missions (e.g., the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager and the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program) will greatly expand the opportunities for researchers to use imaging spectroscopy data for discriminating and mapping plant species and plant functional types (PFTs; defined in this study as combinations of leaf-type, leaf/plant duration and life form). Accurate knowledge of the spatial distribution of dominant plant species and PFTs is highly valuable to many scientific and management goals, including improved parameterization of ecosystem process and climate models, better invasive species distribution monitoring and forecasting, quantification of human and natural disturbance and recovery processes, and evaluations of terrestrial vegetation response to climate change. Most often, species-level discrimination has been achieved using fine spatial resolution (≤ 20 m) airborne imagery, but currently proposed spaceborne imaging spectrometers will have coarser spatial resolution (~ 30 to 60 m). In order to address the impact of coarser spatial resolutions on our ability to spectrally separate species and PFTs, we classified dominant species and PFTs in five contrasting ecosystems over a range of spatial resolutions. Study sites included a temperate broadleaf deciduous forest, a brackish tidal marsh, a mixed conifer/broadleaf montane forest, a temperate rainforest and a Mediterranean climate region encompassing grasslands, oak savanna, oak woodland and shrublands. Data were acquired by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) over each site, and spatially aggregated to 20, 40 and 60 m resolutions. Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) was used to classify species and PFTs at each site and across scales with overall accuracies ranging from 61 to 96% for species and 83–100% for PFTs. The results of this study show accuracy increases at coarser resolutions (≥ 20 m) across ecosystems, supporting the use of imaging spectroscopy data at spatial resolutions up to 60 m for the purpose of discriminating among plant species and PFTs. In four of the five study sites, the best accuracies were achieved at 40 m resolution. However, at coarser resolutions, some fine-scale species variation is lost and classes that occur only in small patches cannot be mapped. We also demonstrate that spectral libraries developed from fine spatial resolution imagery can be successfully applied as training data to accurately classify coarser resolution data over multiple ecosystems.
Effects of insulin and exercise on amino acid transport in rat skeletal muscle

In the present study, the initial rates of amino acid transport by isolated rat skeletal muscle plasma membrane vesicles were investigated. This approach facilitates the study of the transport of naturally occurring amino acids independent of the effects of cellular metabolism. Alanine and glutamine influxes were measured using a rapid filtration technique. Transport was examined in the presence and absence of Na and the properties of membranes from control, insulin-treated, or acutely exercised rats were studied. Both alanine and glutamine were transported by Na-dependent processes. The values for maximum rate of transport (Vmax) for Na-dependent alanine and glutamine transport were 203 and 224 pmol.mg-1.s-1, respectively. The K1/2 values were 2.9 mM alanine and 1.9 mM glutamine. The Vmax for Na-dependent alanine transport was increased by insulin treatment of the animal and by acute exercise. 2-(Methylamino)-isobutyric acid (MeAIB) partially inhibited the control Na-dependent alanine influx and completely inhibited the increase due to insulin or exercise treatment, indicating the importance of both system A and a non-system A, Na-dependent carrier for alanine transport. The Vmax for Na-dependent MeAIB uptake was also increased by insulin or exercise treatments of the rats. Unlike alanine, Na-dependent glutamine transport was not affected by insulin.
Relations between the K{sub l3} and {tau}{r_arrow}K{pi}{nu}{sub {tau}} decays

We investigate the relations between the K{sub l3} and {tau}{r_arrow}K{pi}{nu}{sub {tau}} decays using the meson dominance approach. First, the experimental branching fractions (BF) for K{sub e3}{sup {plus_minus}} and K{sub e3}{sup 0} are used to fix two normalization constants (isospin invariance is not assumed). Then, the BF of {tau}{sup {minus}}{r_arrow}K{sup {asterisk}}(892){sup {minus}}{nu}{sub {tau}} is calculated in agreement with experiment. We further argue that the nonzero value of the slope parameter {lambda}{sub 0} of the K{sub {mu}3}{sup {plus_minus}} and K{sub {mu}3}{sup 0} form factors f{sub 0}(t) implies the existence of the {tau}{sup {minus}}{r_arrow}K{sub 0}{sup {asterisk}}(1430){sup {minus}}{nu}{sub {tau}} decay. We calculate its BF, together with the BF{close_quote}s of the K{sub {mu}3}{sup {plus_minus}}, K{sub {mu}3}{sup 0}, {tau}{sup {minus}}{r_arrow}K{sup {minus}}{pi}{sup 0}{nu}{sub {tau}}, and {tau}{sup {minus}}{r_arrow}{bar K}{sup 0}{pi}{sup {minus}}{nu}{sub {tau}} decays, as a function of the {lambda}{sub 0} parameter. At some value of {lambda}{sub 0}, different for charged and neutral kaons, the calculated BF{close_quote}s seem to match existing data and a prediction is obtained for the {tau}{r_arrow}K{pi}{nu} decays going through the K{sub 0}{sup {asterisk}}(1430){sup {minus}} resonance. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
A Comprehensive Updated Review of Pharmaceutical and Nonpharmaceutical Treatment for NAFLD

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the western world with prevalence of 20–33%. NAFLD comprises a pathological spectrum. Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is at one end and consists of simple hepatic steatosis. On the contrary, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) consists of steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning degeneration and can progress to cirrhosis. Despite the rising incidence, definitive treatment for NAFLD, specifically NASH, has not yet been established. Lifestyle modification with dietary changes combined with regular aerobic exercise, along with multidisciplinary approach including cognitive behavior therapy, has been shown to be an effective therapeutic option, even without a significant weight loss. Pioglitazone and vitamin E have shown to be most effective in NASH patients. Surgery and weight loss medication are effective means of weight loss but can potentially worsen NASH related fibrosis. Other agents such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, probiotics, and pentoxifylline along with herbal agent such as milk thistle as well as daily intake of coffee have shown potential benefits, but further well organized studies are definitely warranted. This review focuses on the available evidence on pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical therapy in the treatment and the prevention of NAFLD, primarily NASH.
Emerging Therapies for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common cause of liver disease in the United States. There are no drug therapies approved for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Multiple different pathways are involved in the pathogenesis and each can be the target of the therapy. It is possible that more than 1 target is involved in disease development and progression. Multiple clinical trials with promising agents are underway. Because NASH is a slowly progressive disease and treatment likely to be of prolonged duration, acceptance and approval of any agent will require information on long-term clinical benefits and safety.
Towards Networks of Search Engines and Other Digital Experts: A Distributed Intelligence Approach

systems, general-and special-purpose search engines. Instead of choosing between e.g. Google, Bing and Baidu, a user may want to get integrated results from all three search engines (and more) via a single search query. The user may also want results orsuggestions to questions implied by, but not explicitly stated, in his query. Ideally, the combined results from different searchengines will be relevance-ranked, taking into account each user's individual preferences. There exist "expert systems" thatintegrate results or recommendations from multiple different websites and/or other search engines -- e.g., the meta-search engines for finding the best flights and airfares. However, these meta-search engines do not (i) relevance-rank on behalf of the end-user, (ii) learn over time, which websites/individual search engines are most trustworthy and relevant to a particular user, (iii) maintain a quality assurance model of the individual sources of information or recommendation that they harvest, or (iv) create sub-queries or new queries based on inference of the user intent, and not merely what the user has explicitly asked for. We propose a unified framework to address all these issues. In particular, our goal is to enable the end-user to seamlessly obtain integrated expertise from a variety of sources, so that those recommendations are ranked based on both (a) the user's preferences and (b) different individual sources' of recommendation reputation and trustworthiness. Our vision for achieving these goals is to have a decentralized, transparent market-place of search engines, recommenders and knowledge bases, where the burdens of integrating, ranking and evaluating quality of different knowledge sources are taken off the end-user.
A Systematic Summary of Systematic Reviews on the Topic of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Background:There has been a substantial increase in the amount of systematic reviews and meta-analyses published on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).Purpose:To quantify the number of systematic...
Selling and Sales Management in Action: The Training of Sales Managers: An Exploratory Study of Sales Management Training Practices

In recent years increasing interest has been shown in researching the sales management position. However, little research exists describing the training of sales managers. This article reports the results of an empirical study of national sales training executives (members of the National Society of Sales Training Executives-NSSTE) which focused on current practices used in the training of sales managers in American businesses. Additionally, the study addressed the content of that training. A discussion of the findings with managerial implications and future research directions is provided.
Nonlinear Dielectric Behavior of a Secondary Relaxation: Glassy D-Sorbitol.

We have studied the nonlinear dielectric behavior of a glass-forming liquid, d-sorbitol, with particular attention to its exceptionally intense Johari–Goldstein (JG) type secondary relaxation. It is found that this β-relaxation displays significant nonlinear dielectric effects, but these differ qualitatively from their α-process counterparts. High fields increase the amplitudes of the secondary modes (rather than reducing their time constants), consistent with a field induced increase of fictive temperatures. This result implies that the amplitudes of the secondary modes fluctuate in the glassy state, consistent with MD simulations reported for a liquid displaying a JG relaxation. The nonlinear features of this secondary process are reminiscent of those found for the excess wing regime, suggesting that these two contributions to dynamics have common origins.
Monitoring Leachate in Ground Water by Corrected Resistivity Methods

Surface electrical resistivity methods were employed in a study monitoring the movement of fly ash leachate at a landfill site. Because the monitoring took place during the various seasons of the year, the ground water temperatures were not constant. Therefore, it was difficult to directly correlate changes in surface resistivity through time with changing ground water contamination because the temperature effect on resistivity could possibly mask the salinity (contamination) effect. Laboratory determinations were made of the resistivity of samples from well borings in the study area as a function of temperature, saturation and salinity. The laboratory sample container consisted of a plastic box 4 in. by 3 in. by 2 in. The resistivity was measured using a Wenner electrode configuration with a 1 in. electrode spacing. The results of the laboratory studies were used to adjust all of the surface resistivity measurements to a common ground water temperature. After correction, the surface resistivity measurements positively identified the direction of the leachate movement, as well as changes in the concentration of the leachate with time.
Metastasectomy, intralesional resection, or stabilization only in the treatment of bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma.

Background The mainstay of treatment for bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma is surgery. We assessed if there was a difference in local recurrence, reoperation, and survival between patients who underwent metastasectomy, intralesional curettage, or stabilization only for renal cell carcinoma metastasis to the appendicular skeleton, and if there was a difference in these outcomes based on margin status. Methods This retrospective study included 183 patients; 48% underwent metastasectomy (n = 88, margins: 64 negative; 20 positive; 4 unclear), 30% intralesional curettage (n = 54), and 22% stabilization only (n = 41). Results The recurrence rate differed and was highest after stabilization only (39%), followed by intralesional curettage (22%), and metastasectomy (12%) (P = 0.003). However, we found no difference in reoperation rate (P = 0.847). Survival was better in patients who underwent metastasectomy (P = 0.020). The recurrence rate was lower in patients who had a negative margin (5%) as compared to those with a positive margin (26%) (P < 0.001). However, we found no difference in reoperation rate (P = 0.97). Negative margins showed better survival (P < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings emphasize the importance of obtaining negative margins in patients with a good life expectancy, as lower recurrence rate can be attained at a not significant additional risk for reoperation, with a potential impact on survival. J. Surg. Oncol. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
175 LOW CONCENTRATION EFFECTS OF A CARBOXY DERIVATIVE OF A BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE ON EXCITATORY JUNCTION POTENTIALS AT A CRAYFISH NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION.

Purpose Crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii ) neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) use the neurotransmitter glutamate to elicit excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) using NMDA and non-NMDA receptors. The D3 stereoisomer of the malonic acid (carboxy) derivative of buckminsterfullerene (D3) has been shown to have a reversible inhibitory effect on NMDA receptors at very low concentrations. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the lowest concentration of D3 that is effective for suppressing crayfish NMJ EJPs. Materials/Methods The crayfish9s first walking limb is removed and dissected at the meropodite to expose the excitatory nerve and at the propodite to expose the opener muscle that controls the crayfish9s dactylopodite. The limb is then submerged in Van Harreveld9s (Van H, pH 7.3 ± 0.1) solution and a nerve stimulator electrode is applied to the opener muscle9s excitatory nerve. Standard intracellular electrophysiological techniques were used to measure EJPs. To evoke short-term EJP facilitation, a 30 Hz stimulus was applied for 10 seconds prior to each data collection. 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 μM D3 was then added directly to the exposed opener muscle. EJPs were again recorded and compared to control. The experiment is concluded by changing bath with Van H 3 times to washout the D3, allowing a post-control EJP measurement. Results Following application of 12.5 μM D3, EJPs were suppressed to 23% of control level with 76% EJP recovery after wash-out. At 10 μM, EJPs were suppressed to 79% of control level with full EJP recovery after washout. At 7.5 μM, EJPs were suppressed to 82% of control level with full EJP recovery after washout. At 5.0 μM, no EJP suppression was noted. Discussion 7.5 μM appears to be the lower limit of D39s effectiveness in EJP suppression at the concentrations studied. The effects of D3 on crayfish EJPs appear to be fully reversible at 7.5 and 10 μM. There appeared to be a large drop in suppressive ability of D3 between 12.5 μM and 10 μM. No evidence of EJP enhancement was found at any of the concentrations tested. Further study of D39s effects on EJPs between the concentrations of 5 and 10 μM is warranted to determine the absolute lower limit of D39s effectiveness. Supported by the Arnold C., Barbara M. and Georgianna Fossa Spinal Cord Injury Research Fund and the IU School of Medicine Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Program. D3 was provided by Dr. L. Dugan, UCSD.
Nanoparticle Delivered Human Biliverdin Reductase-Based Peptide Increases Glucose Uptake by Activating IRK/Akt/GSK3 Axis: The Peptide Is Effective in the Cell and Wild-Type and Diabetic Ob/Ob Mice

Insulin's stimulation of glucose uptake by binding to the IRK extracellular domain is compromised in diabetes. We have recently described an unprecedented approach to stimulating glucose uptake. KYCCSRK (P2) peptide, corresponding to the C-terminal segment of hBVR, was effective in binding to and inducing conformational change in the IRK intracellular kinase domain. Although myristoylated P2, made of L-amino acids, was effective in cell culture, its use for animal studies was unsuitable. We developed a peptidase-resistant formulation of the peptide that was efficient in both mice and cell culture systems. The peptide was constructed of D-amino acids, in reverse order, and blocked at both termini. Delivery of the encapsulated peptide to HepG2 and HSKM cells was confirmed by its prolonged effect on stimulation of glucose uptake (>6 h). The peptide improved glucose clearance in both wild-type and Ob/Ob mice; it lowered blood glucose levels and suppressed glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. IRK activity was stimulated in the liver of treated mice and in cultured cells. The peptide potentiated function of IRK's downstream effector, Akt-GSK3-(α, β) axis. Thus, P2-based approach can be used for improving glucose uptake by cells. Also, it allows for screening peptides in vitro and in animal models for treatment of diabetes.
The effect of hypothermic ischemia on recovery of left ventricular function and preload reserve in the neonatal heart.

Neonatal and adult myocardium respond differently to ischemia. In addition, the neonatal heart possesses a limited preload reserve. The effect of uninterrupted hypothermic ischemia on recovery of left ventricular function and preload reserve was studied in two groups of isolated rabbit hearts: group 1 (neonates, n = 8), 7 to 10 days old; group 2 (adults, n = 15), 6 to 12 months old. Peak left ventricular systolic pressure, the first derivative of left ventricular systolic pressure, and heart rate were measured at left ventricular pressures of 0, 5, 10, and 15 mm Hg before and after 120 minutes of global ischemia at 27° C. Before ischemia, left ventricular systolic pressure increased significantly at each increment of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure for both groups of hearts. After hypothermic ischemia, recovery of left ventricular systolic pressure was significantly reduced at each level of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure among neonatal hearts (range 75% to 79% of control values). The postischemic recovery of left ventricular systolic pressure in the adult hearts was markedly reduced from baseline values (range 43% to 53% of control values) and was significantly worse than that of neonatal hearts at each level of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (p
Mastering The Journey To Continuous Compliance: Process Improvements For Excelling At CCNE Accreditation

The accreditation process of a nursing program requires self-assessment, peer evaluation, and identifying areas of improvement. In 2008, the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) began offering a 10-year accreditation with a Continuous Improvement Progress Report (CIPR) at the fifth year. This article focuses on an in-depth analysis of a system in which the school of nursing utilized an ad hoc committee to complete the CIPR. Reports generated by the ad hoc committee concluded that need for improvement was warranted related to policy review. An action plan for continuous compliance generated implementation of policy software and the creation of an academic support specialist position. An ad hoc committee completed the CIPR rather than paying faculty overload hours; policy was an exemplar. Faculty development, team performance, and accountability resulted in a plan for continual compliance that can be adopted in other nursing schools to meet CCNE accreditation.
New Formalist Interpretation

The preceding chapters have tried to present, theorize, and argue for some of the contemporary critical practices known as New Formalist or New Formalism. They have also attempted to situate these practices in relation to formalist criticism of the twentieth century as it evolved from the essays of T. S. Eliot to the New Critics themselves, and in relation to some other theoretical and philosophical projects such as contemporary critical theory, Cassirer’s philosophy of symbolic forms, and Gadamer’s “philosophical hermeneutics.” Except for the discussion of Keats’s “Bright Star” that closes Chapter 2, the textual analyses have been extremely brief and subordinated to one or another theoretical or methodological argument. The present chapter will try to present a more concrete and circumstantial case for New Formalist criticism by offering a variety of textual analyses, and by exploring — with examples — the place of close reading in New Formalism, in critical practices that do not claim to be formalist, and indeed in a variety of non-literary disciplines. In I. A. Richards’ quaint but still useful terminology, this chapter marks a transition from an emphasis on principles of literary criticism to an emphasis on practical criticism — criticism or interpretation in practice.
Insider Ownership and Financial Analysts’ Information Environment Evidence From Dual-Class Firms

We examine the association of insider ownership with financial analysts’ forecast accuracy and dispersion in a sample of U.S. dual-class firms. Insider ownership exerts two effects: a positive ince...
Use of a highly parallel microfluidic flow cell array to determine therapeutic drug dose response curves.

A high-throughput, microfluidic flow cell array (MFCA) system has been modified to enable drug screening against small-volume cell-, and tissue cultures. The MFCA is composed of a 3D channel network that simultaneously flows fluids through forty-eight 830 μm by 500 μm flow cells, which physically divide and fluidically seal an existing culture into multiple compartments when docked onto the surface of a cell or tissue culture dish. The modified system provides temperature (37 °C) and CO2/pH level controls, while continuously flowing solutions (media or other liquid such as drug suspensions) over the cells/tissues. These assays were enhanced and validated using inverted microscopy and fluorescent staining techniques which also allow real time viability and toxicity assessments. This work presents the results of this new generation in vitro drug testing assay performed using this modified MFCA system. This setup allows the testing of 48 drug combinations on 48 different cell-, tissue specimen at once under flow conditions. All 48 flow cells were utilized to test 5 different concentrations of cisplatin (CDDP). CDDP solutions in various concentrations were continually flowed over cultured human ovarian cancer cells for 48 h. Viability assessments were performed using red-orange calcein and SYTOX ® Green nucleic acid stains. Cells were imaged at the beginning and end of the experiment (48 h). In order to compare and validate MFCAs suitability as drug screening assay, MTT assays were performed on cells. We found that both, MTT and MFCA assays generated dose-response curves with similar profiles. Innovative advantages of the MFCA system include the ability of handling smaller amounts of solutions compared to conventional and current state of the art drug screening and cell viability/toxicity methods. It also provides the ability to continually deliver fresh solution to the cell samples, while eliminating wastes that are produced. Based on our here reported findings MFCA may have a strong potential of providing a more physiological model than current state of the art static MTT assays.
Pollination and Reproductive Biology in a Hill Prairie Population of Nothocalais cuspidata (Asteraceae: Cichorieae)

Nothocalais cuspidata (Pursh) Greene (Asteraceae) is a plant species of conservation concern in Missouri; it typically occurs as isolated populations in hill and sand prairies which are themselves rare and fragmented habitats. The present study was undertaken to understand its reproductive biology as a hill prairie member and the possibility of reduced reproductive output in this isolated habitat. Nothocalais cuspidata is an early spring-flowering, nonclonal, primarily self-incompatible perennial that exhibits a 4 wk flowering phenology with most florets open to cross-pollination over a 2–3 wk period. The attractive UV reflective florets were visited by six species of halictid and solitary bees. The study population did experience depressed reproductive output in 2014 compared to 2004, with open-pollinated florets producing 19.1% fewer fruits than in 2004 along with a 37% decline in population size over a 13 y period. We suggest the depressed fruit production experienced is likely due to the unpredictable spring weather associated with early flowering and sporadic pollinator visitation in an isolated habitat leading to large variations in reproductive success over time or a reduction in compatible mating types as the population declines.
Synthesis of 2-Alkenyl-Tethered Anilines.

Three general routes for the synthesis of (E)-2-alkenyl-tethered anilines have been developed. The first route involves a 3-aza-Cope rearrangement of N-allylic anilines in the presence of a Lewis acid. The requisite N-allylic anilines were prepared by the addition of vinylmagnesium reagents to the corresponding aldimines. The second route details a direct cross-metathesis of 2-allylic or 2-homoallylic anilines with styrenes. The third route involves a palladium-catalyzed C–N cross-coupling of aryl halides. Taken together, these three strategies allowed access to the requisite aniline substrates with pendant alkenes at the 2-position with excellent trans selectivities.
Alzheimer’s Disease as the Product of a Progressive Energy Deficiency Syndrome in the Central Nervous System: The Neuroenergetic Hypothesis

The decreased availability of metabolizable energy resources in the central nervous system is hypothesized to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. More specifically, the age-related decline in the ability of glucose to cross the blood-brain barrier creates a metabolic stress that shifts the normal, benign processing of amyloid-β protein precursor toward pathways associated with the production of amyloid-β plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles that are characteristic of the disease. The neuroenergetic hypothesis provides insight into the etiology of Alzheimer's disease and illuminates new approaches for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment.
Influence of Dielectric Constant on Ionic Transport in Polyether-Based Electrolytes

We use all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to study the effect of polymer polarity, as quantified by the dielectric constant, on the transport properties of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) doped polyethers. Our results indicate that increasing the host dielectric constant leads to a decrease in ionic cluster sizes and reduction in correlated motion of oppositely charged ions. This causes the ionic conductivity to more closely approach the Nernst-Einstein limit in which ionic conductivity is only limited by the diffusivities of Li+ and TFSI–. We compare our results to recent experimental observations which demonstrate similar qualitative trends in host polarity.
Lights, Camera, Action! Teaching Play and Social Skills to Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Through Video Modeling

Video modeling is an evidence-based treatment procedure that has been used to teach a wide variety of skills to children with autism spectrum disorder. In this chapter, after the background literature of video modeling is presented, and why it works so well is discussed, a thorough description of procedures to do your own video modeling and apply it to play and/or social skills is provided. Specifically, everything you need to know to make your own videos, including how to write your own scripts, how to get good actors, how to film your sequences, scene setup, and filming technique, is provided in this chapter. Samples are provided that can be used as guides for your own inventions. Finally, exactly how to do the video modeling procedure, based on past successful research experience, is presented. This chapter includes details you need to know to do successful video modeling for play and/or social skills.
Substance use and use disorders and treatment receipt among adults in families receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), 2003-2014.

Abstract Background/purpose Legalization of marijuana for medical and/or recreational use in some U.S. states has increased attention to substance use and related problems. However, little attention has been paid to these phenomena among adults in families receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) whose adverse life experiences may put them at elevated risk of substance use disorders (SUDs). Methods Data from the 2003–2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were used to test trends in past-month binge drinking and past-year marijuana, other illicit drug, and any illicit drug use and to examine SUD prevalence and treatment correlates among adults in TANF families. Results While rates of binge drinking and any illicit drug use remained steady, marijuana use increased from 15.8% in 2003/2004 to 21.6% in 2013/2014, a 36.7% increase. Increased marijuana use was strongly related to changes in marijuana risk perception. Among adults in TANF families, 19.5% of men and 10.8% of women had a past-year SUD, but only one in five received treatment. Those aged 18–25, Black or Hispanic women, and those who had children at home when surveyed were less likely to have received treatment. Discussion Preventive efforts to address substance use, especially marijuana use, among adults in TANF families are needed. Moreover, given greater odds of unmet SUD treatment need among these economically disadvantaged adults, particularly racial/ethnic minority women and those who are in emerging adulthood, uninsured, and have children at home, measures to provide more inclusive services such as integrated behavioral health care are needed.
THEORY OF FRACTAL GROWTH PROCESSES

A review is given of irreversible growth processes which give rise to scale-invariant fractals A qualitative criterion is given to decide which processes produce fractals. A new scaling law is proposed for aggregate density profiles.
A Comprehensive Study of Wide Area Data Movement at a Scientific Computing Facility

Wide-area data transfer is central to distributed science. Network capacity, data movement infrastructure, and tools in science environments continuously evolve to meet the requirements of distributed-science applications. Research and education (R&E) networks such as the U.S. Department of Energy’s Energy Sciences network and Internet2 provide multiple 100 Gbps backbone networks. Large scientific facilities and research institutions have 100 Gbps wide-area network connectivity, and 10 Gbps wide-area network connectivity is common for a lot of R&E institutions. Many of these institutions employ Science DMZs, dedicated data transfer node(s), and high performance data movement tools to improve wide area data transfer performance. Large facilities may use 10 or more dedicated data transfer nodes to meet the needs of their users. In this work, we analyze various logs pertaining to wide area data transfers in and out of a large scientific facility to obtain insights on data transfer characteristics and behavior. We also show some of the inefficiencies in the state-of-the-art data movement tool and discuss approaches to address these inefficiencies.
Qualitative Consumer Research on Acceptance of Long-Acting Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Products Among Men Having Sex with Men and Medical Practitioners in the United States.

Abstract Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with oral Truvada® prevents HIV infection. However, the adherence to pill taking required for efficacy has sparked interest in developing new antiretroviral...
Diet Supplementation with Soy Protein Isolate, but Not the Isoflavone Genistein, Protects Against Alcohol-Induced Tumor Progression in DEN-Treated Male Mice.

Diethylnitrosamine-treated male mice were assigned to 4 groups: a casein-based 35% high fat ethanol liquid diet (EtOH), an EtOH diet made with soy protein isolate protein (EtOH/SOY), an EtOH liquid diet supplemented with genistein (EtOH/GEN) and a chow group. EtOH feeding, final concentration 5% (v/v), continued for 16 wks. EtOH increased incidence and multiplicity of basophilic lesions and adenomas compared to the chow group, (p < 0.05). The EtOH/SOY group had reduced adenoma progression when compared to the EtOH and EtOH/GEN group, (p < 0.05). Genistein supplementation had no protective effect. Soy feeding significantly reduced serum ALT concentrations (p < 0.05), decreased hepatic TNFα and CD-14 expression and decreased nuclear accumulation of NFκB protein in EtOH/SOY-treated mice compared to the EtOH group (p < 0.05). With respect to ceramides, high resolution MALDI-FTICR Imaging mass spectrometry revealed changes in the accumulation of long acyl chain ceramide species, in particular C18, in the EtOH group when compared to the EtOH/SOY group. Additionally, expression of acid ceramidase and sphingosine kinase 1 which degrade ceramide into sphingosine and convert sphingosine to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) respectively and expression of S1P receptors S1PR2 and S1PR3 were all upregulated by EtOH and suppressed in the EtOH/SOY group, p < 0.05. EtOH feeding also increased hepatocyte proliferation and mRNA expression of β-catenin targets, including cyclin D1, MMP7 and glutamine synthase, which were reduced in the EtOH/SOY group, p < 0.05. These findings suggest that soy prevents tumorigenesis by reducing inflammation and by reducing hepatocyte proliferation through inhibition of EtOH-mediated β-catenin signaling. These mechanisms may involve blockade of sphingolipid signaling.
Politician’s Priority for Cadaver Donor Kidneys

A 73 year old state governor, a heavy drinker for 40 years, developed advanced nutritional cirrhosis of the liver, pancreatic cystic disease, and chronic renal failure of undetermined cause. During his initial hospitalization, the patient receives a call of encouragement from the President of the United States. After checking “matches,” the director of the transplant program announces that the governor will receive a combined liver and kidney transplant. As media representatives gather in the hospital’s conference room, the chief transplant surgeon explains the intended operations to the television news audience, using anatomical charts. A reporter for a conservative magazine asks how is it possible for an old man to receive organs while young people continue on an indefinite waiting list?
“It’s Its Own Thing”: A Typology of Interpersonal Sugar Relationship Scripts:

Although academics have focused on sugaring in various parts of the globe, sugar relationships in the United States have largely been ignored. The few studies that address these arrangements in the...
TF-Net: Deploying Sub-Byte Deep Neural Networks on Microcontrollers

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have become an essential component of various applications. While today’s DNNs are mainly restricted to cloud services, network connectivity, energy, and data privacy problems make it important to support efficient DNN computation on low-cost, low-power processors like microcontrollers. However, due to the constrained computation resources, it is challenging to execute large DNN models on microcontrollers. Using sub-byte low-precision input activations and weights is a typical method to reduce DNN computation. But on byte-addressable microcontrollers, the sub-byte computation is not well supported. The sub-byte inputs and weights need to be unpacked from bitstreams before computation, which incurs significant computation and energy overhead.In this paper, we propose the TF-Net pipeline to efficiently deploy sub-byte DNNs on microcontrollers. While TF-Net allows for a range of weight and input precision, we find Ternary weights and Four-bit inputs provide the optimal balance between model accuracy, computation performance, and energy efficiency. TF-Net first includes a training framework for sub-byte low-precision DNN models. Two algorithms are then introduced to accelerate the trained models. The first, direct buffer convolution, amortizes unpacking overhead by caching unpacked inputs. The second, packed sub-byte multiply-accumulate, utilizes a single multiplication instruction to perform multiple sub-byte multiply-accumulate computations. To further accelerate DNN computation, we propose two instructions, Multiply-Shift-Accumulate and Unpack, to extend the existing microcontroller instruction set. On the tested networks, TF-Net can help improve the computation performance and energy efficiency by 1.83× and 2.28× on average, respectively.
Design of a Planar Wideband Yagi-Uda Antenna for Millimeter Wave SAR Imaging Application

In this paper, a wideband planar Yagi-Uda antenna was designed for millimeter wave synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging application. A series of simulations were performed to investigate the effect of each part of the antenna on its radiation characteristics. The designed antenna can achieve ~16% (~55 – 65 GHz) bandwidth (S11<-10 dB), ~7 dB gain, and ~85o and 90o half-power beam-width (HPBW) in the E- and H-planes, respectively. Subsequently, the antenna was manufactured and tested, showing close agreement between its simulated and measured characteristics. Finally, the imaging performance of the designed antenna was examined through several SAR imaging experiments.