cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical analysis of organic and conventionally cultivated Meyer lemons (Citrus meyeri Tan.) during refrigerated storage

Abstract The levels of phytochemicals in organically and conventionally cultivated Meyer lemons ( Citrus meyeri Tan.) are unknown. In this study, Meyer lemons grown in south Texas under similar climatic conditions, using organic and conventional cultivation practices, were evaluated for their levels of phytochemicals. Mature fruits were harvested in two seasons, stored at market-simulated post-harvest conditions for four weeks, and periodically evaluated for levels of phytochemicals, including flavonoids, amines, organic acids and minerals. Results indicate that organically grown lemons contain significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) higher levels of hesperidin, didymin and ascorbic acid than those cultivated in conventional system. Phenolic content was higher in organic lemons, whereas levels of citric acid and amines were higher in conventionally cultivated lemons. These results suggest that organically grown Meyer lemons are a good source of enhanced levels of flavonoids and ascorbic acid. Furthermore, storage of fruits at 10 °C up to four weeks helps maintain the levels of phytochemicals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of phytochemicals evaluation of organic and conventionally grown Meyer lemons.
Degradation of Proto-oncoprotein c-Rel by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway

The c-rel proto-oncogene product, c-Rel, belongs to the Rel/NF-κB transcription factor family, which regulates a large variety of cellular functions. The activation of NF-κB involves the degradation of the inhibitor, IκB, through the ubiquitin-proteasome (Ub-Pr)-mediated pathway. Here we report that the turnover of c-Rel is also regulated by the Ub-Pr pathway, thus adding another level of complexity to the regulation of NF-κB. High molecular weight ubiquitinated c-Rel conjugates are detected in cells and accumulate in cells treated with proteasome inhibitors. In a cell-free in vitro degradation assay, c-Rel is degraded specifically through the Ub-Pr pathway. N-terminally truncated c-Rel is readily degraded, implying the dispensability of N-terminal sequence; in contrast, a series of deletion mutants missing C-terminal sequences display a reduced susceptibility to the degradation. Interestingly, the sequence between residues 118 and 171 of c-Rel, i.e. the region immediately following the c-Rel/v-Rel homology domain, appears to play an important role in mediating ubiquitin conjugation and the subsequent degradation. Together with our previous study showing an elevated tumorigenic potential for C-terminally truncated mutants, our data suggest that the C-terminal domain of c-Rel plays an important role in mediating c-Rel degradation and growth control.
Femoral neck stress fracture presenting as gluteal pain in a marathon runner: Case report

A case is described of a 50-year-old man with a femoral neck stress fracture presenting as gluteal pain. An operative pinning procedure of the femoral neck was performed for stabilization. Femoral neck stress fractures are often misdiagnosed early in their presentation. The signs and symptoms can mimic those of more commonly seen disorders. Appropriate physiatric history and physical examination, along with indicated studies, will help prevent misdiagnosis and potentially serious complications associated with musculoskeletal pathology.
Nonlinear interaction of energetic ring current protons with magnetospheric hydromagnetic waves

In order to study nonlinear wave-particle interactions in the Earth's magnetosphere we have derived Hamiltonian equations for the gyrophase-averaged nonrelativistic motion of charged particles in a perturbed dipole magnetic field. We assume low frequency (less than the proton gyrofrequency) fully electromagnetic perturbations, and we retain finite Larmor radius effects. Analytic and numerical results for the stochastic threshold of energetic protons ({approx gt}100 keV) in compressional geomagnetic pulsations in the Pc 5 range of frequencies 150--600 seconds are presented. These protons undergo a drift-bounce resonance with the Pc 5 waves which breaks the second (longitudinal) and third (flux) adiabatic invariants, while the first invariant (the magnetic moment) and the proton energy are approximately conserved. The proton motion in the observed spectrum of waves is found to be strongly diffusive, due to the overlap of neighboring primary resonances. {copyright} American Geophysical Union 1989
ORGANIZATION OF NEUROPIL

ganglia in the nerves in coded form, as a spatial-temporal pattern of all-or-none im? pulses. Decoding of the incoming message and recoding of the appropriate outgoing response occur somewhere in the ganglia. Many of the fundamental problems of neurophysiology revolve around the related questions of the functional significance of impulse patterns in the central ganglia (codes), and of the mechanisms of central neural integration (coding and decoding). Information about impulse patterns and the properties of integrative systems can be derived from input-output analyses (Wiers? ma, 1962), but problems regarding detailed mechanism eventually require penetration into the ganglion and dissection of the integrating system itself. Let us look, then, at the organization of a central invertebrate ganglion. The em? phasis will be on arthropod material, for I am most familiar with this group; most of the comments should apply with little modification to many of the annelids, mol? luscs, and lower vertebrates.
Agency interoperation for effective data mining in border control and homeland security applications

US Customs has recently embarked on a major modernization initiative of its Information Technology systems. Drawing in data from Customs trade systems, targeting inspectors review manifest information as well as strategic and tactical intelligence to determine which shipments and containers are "high-risk." This entails a considerable level of communication and data sharing between various government agencies. Our NSF funded project, funded through the digital government program, aims at providing decision makers with the ability to extract and fuse information from multiple, heterogeneous sources in response to a query while operating under a decentralized security administration. Based on the idea of "Smart Borders", the system will utilize data available from different agencies, ports and customs divisions to supplement the profiling by targeting towards anomalies, and detect various flags raised by non-conforming shipments or abnormal behavior of inbound cargos and raise a combination of alerts. This project proposes generalizable development work, which devises solutions to accomplish secure interoperation among different government agencies. The output of this project would ideally enhance the security aspect of the Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) system by incorporating the concept of semantic interoperability, anomaly detection and subsequent spatial and geographical visualization of information that can help Customs inspectors make better decisions. This project is a collaboration between the industry, government and the academia, providing the opportunity to directly influence the practical needs of the government agency, in this case the US Customs.
Characterization of terrestrial planets identified by the Kepler mission

I outline some of the plans for following up transiting-planet candidates identified by NASA's Kepler mission. An initial spectroscopic reconnaissance will be used to sort out most of the candidates that involve eclipsing binaries instead of transiting planets. Very precise radial velocities will then be obtained for the survivors, with the goal of deriving spectroscopic orbits and planetary masses. When combined with the planetary radii derived from the transit light curves, this will provide critical information for the characterization of the planets discovered with Kepler.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Renal Cancer: Phase I Safety and Toxicity

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Renal Cancer: Phase I Safety and Toxicity R.J. Ellis, R.B. Patel, C. Kunos, Y. Zhang, J. Brindle, V. Kudithipudi, D.A. Kaminsky, and L. Ponsky; University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland, OH, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, OH, Northeastern Ohio University College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Cleveland, OH
Does Over or Under Dispersion in Inverse Binomial Data Suggest Anything? A Case in Point is the Waiting Time for Both Heart-Lung Transplants

The model is an abstraction of the reality. The selection of the usual inverse binomial as an underlying model for the number of patients waiting in months for heart and lung transplant is questionable because the data exhibit not the required balance between the dispersion and its functional equivalent in terms of the mean but rather an over or under dispersion. This phenomenon of over/under dispersion has been a challenge to find an appropriate underlying model for the data. This article offers an innovative approach with a new model to resolve the methodological breakdown. The new model is named Imbalanced Inverse Binomial Model (IIBM). A statistical methodology is devised based on IIBM to analyze the collected data. The methodology is illustrated with a real life data on the number of patients waiting in months for heart and lung transplants together. The results in the illustration do convince that the new approach is quite powerful and brings out a lot more information which would have been missed otherwise. In specific, the odds of receiving the organs are higher under an estimated imbalance in the data than under an ideal zero imbalance in all the states except Alabama. The odds are consistently higher under an estimated imbalance in the data than under an ideal zero imbalance across all the age groups waiting in months. Further research work is needed to identify and explain the factors which might have caused the imbalance between the observed dispersion in the data and its functionally equivalent amount according to the underlying inverse binomial model for the data. The contents of this article remains the foundation on which the future research work will be built.
Aperture synthesis for gravitational-wave data analysis: Deterministic sources

Gravitational-wave detectors now under construction are sensitive to the phase of the incident gravitational waves. Correspondingly, the signals from the different detectors can be combined, in the analysis, to simulate a single detector of greater amplitude and directional sensitivity: in short, aperture synthesis. Here we consider the problem of aperture synthesis in the special case of a search for a source whose wave form is known in detail: e.g., a compact binary inspiral. We derive the likelihood function for the joint output of several detectors as a function of the parameters that describe the signal and find the optimal matched filter for the detection of the known signal. Our results allow for the presence of noise that is correlated between the several detectors. While their derivation is specialized to the case of Gaussian noise we show that the results obtained are, in fact, appropriate in a well-defined, information-theoretic sense even when the noise is non-Gaussian in character. The analysis described here stands in distinction to ``coincidence analyses,'' wherein the data from each of several detectors are studied in isolation to produce a list of candidate events, which are then compared to search for coincidences that might indicate common origin in a gravitational-wave signal. We compare these two analyses\char22{}optimal filtering and coincidence\char22{}in a series of numerical examples, showing that the optimal filtering analysis always yields a greater detection efficiency for a given false alarm rate, even when the detector noise is strongly non-Gaussian.
Static Frictional Contact of the Space Shuttle Nose‐Gear Tire

Abstract A computational procedure has been presented for the solution of frictional contact problems for aircraft tires. The Space Shuttle nose‐gear tire was modeled using a two‐dimensional laminated anisotropic shell theory with the effects of variation in material and geometric parameters, transverse shear deformation, and geometric non‐linearities included. Contact conditions were incorporated into the formulation by using a perturbed Lagrangian approach with the fundamental unknowns consisting of the stress resultants, the generalized displacements, and the Lagrange multipliers associated with the contact and friction conditions. The contact friction algorithm was based on a modified Coulomb friction law. Elemental arrays were obtained by using a modified two‐field, mixed variational principle that was obtained by augmenting the functional of the variational principle by two terms: the Lagrange multiplier vector associated with nodal normal and tangential contact load intensities and a regularization...
Evaluation of hub concept for wind turbines

This paper simulates the transient response of three wind farms interconnected, rated 9MW each. Each wind farm consists of six Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) turbines rated at 1.5MW each, interfaced with power electronics on the rotor side. The three wind farms connected to the grid are built and modelled in MATLAB-Simulink. With the rapid development in Generation Interconnect Requests and development of the Hub concept, it is necessary to model the interconnection of wind farms to study the transient characteristics. The three wind farms are interconnected at a single point on the transmission line to increase efficiency and reliability. Analysis on voltage stability of wind farms due to faults on the neighbouring wind farm was done. A STATCOM was installed at the terminals of each wind farm to provide additional voltage stability and reactive power capabilities.
Regulation of cell growth by oxidized LDL.

Abstract The first reports of the influences of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) on cell function pertained to negative effects on cell growth—growth arrest, injury, and toxicity. Since these studies, it has become apparent that sublethal levels of oxLDL cause some, but not all, cells to proliferate. This review highlights the growth-promoting effects of oxLDL rather than its inhibitory or injurious effects. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and monocyte-macrophages proliferate after exposure to oxLDL; endothelial cells do not. Scavenger receptors are involved in the proliferative effects on monocyte-macrophages, whereas the effects of oxLDL on SMCs appear to be receptor independent. Lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), and structurally related lipids are among the growth-promoting constituents of oxLDL. OxLDL exerts at least a part of its effects by inducing expression or causing the release of growth factors. OxLDL (or lysoPC) can cause the release of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) from SMCs; oxLDL (or lysoPC) can induce heparin binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) synthesis and release from macrophages. An imposing array of changes in cytokine and growth factor expression and/or release can be imposed by oxLDL on a wide variety of cell types. These effects and the studies probing the cell signaling events leading to them are described.
On the Nature of Isolated and Post-Isolated Dialects: Innovation, Variation, and Differentiation.

The investigation of two historically isolated communities in the United States, Smith Island, Maryland, and the Lumbee Native American community in Robeson County, North Carolina, demonstrates that, contrary to assumption, isolated communities may be linguistically innovative and heterogeneous. Explanations are both cognitive and social. Speakers in isolated communities are not subject to the leveling pressure that comes with exposure to heterogeneous usage norms and so are free to retain intra-dialectal variation and carry through internal innovations. In addition, the close-knit networks that characterize isolated communities allow for the transmission of intricate patterns of intra-community variation, while the inward focus of such communities heightens the social semiotic importance of this variation. The present study also shows that as communities emerge from historic isolation, they do not necessarily succumb to leveling pressure. Instead, speakers’ desire to retain cultural distinctiveness may enable them to retain and even enhance their linguistic distinctiveness.
Etiologic Classification of Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease: Barlow's Disease and Fibroelastic Deficiency

Barlow's disease and fibroelastic deficiency are the two dominant forms of degenerative mitral valve disease and have unique differentiating characteristics on clinical and echocardiographic assessment. Preoperative differentiation of patients by both cardiologists and surgeons is important because the techniques, surgical skill, and expertise required to achieve a repair vary among these etiological subsets. Barlow's patients often have multiple complex lesions, thus high rates of repair are only likely to be achieved by a reference mitral valve repair surgeon. In contrast, many forms of fibroelastic disease should be repaired at a high rate by experienced general cardiac surgeons. In this article, we highlight the differentiation of Barlow's disease and fibroelastic deficiency.
Membrane-delimited cell signaling complexes: direct ion channel regulation by G proteins

Ion channels are signaling molecules and by themselves perform no work. In this regard they are unlike the usual membrane enzyme effectors for G proteins. The pathways of G protein receptor, G protein and ion channels are, therefore, purely informational in function. Because a single G protein may have several ion channels as effectors, the effects should be coordinated and this seems to be the case. Inhibition of Ca2+ current and stimulation of K+ currents would have a greater impact than either alone. Additional flexibility is provided by spontaneous noise in the complexes of G protein receptor, G protein, and ion channel. By having a non-zero setpoint, the range of control is extended and the responses become bi-directional.
FERM Domain of Moesin Desorbs the Basic-Rich Cytoplasmic Domain of l-Selectin from the Anionic Membrane Surface

Moesin and calmodulin (CaM) jointly associate with the cytoplasmic domain of l-selectin in the cell to modulate the function and ectodomain shedding of l-selectin. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, we have examined the association of moesin FERM domain with the recombinant transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of l-selectin (CLS) reconstituted in model phospholipid liposomes. The dissociation constant of moesin FERM domain to CLS in the phosphatidylcholine liposome is about 300nM. In contrast to disrupting the CaM association with CLS, inclusion of anionic phosphatidylserine lipids in the phosphatidylcholine liposome increased the apparent binding affinity of moesin FERM domain for CLS. Using the environmentally sensitive fluorescent probe attached to the cytoplasmic domain of CLS and the nitroxide quencher attached to the lipid bilayer, we showed that the association of moesin FERM domain induced the desorption of the basic-rich cytoplasmic domain of CLS from the anionic membrane surface, which enabled subsequent association of CaM to the cytoplasmic domain of CLS. These results have elucidated the molecular basis for the moesin/l-selectin/CaM ternary complex and suggested an important role of phospholipids in modulating l-selectin function and shedding.
The DNA binding domain of GAL4 forms a binuclear metal ion complex.

The transcription factor GAL4 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires Zn(II) or Cd(II) for specific recognition of the UAS{sub G} sequence. An N-terminal fragment consisting of the first 63 amino acid residues of GAL4 (GAL4(63)) has been obtained by partial tryptic proteolysis of a cloned and overproduced N-terminal domain of 149 residues, GAL(149). The authors show that GAL4(63) contains the minimal GAL4 DNA binding domain. GAL4(63) binds tightly 1-2 mol of Zn(II) or 2 mol of Cd(II). {sup 113}Cd NMR of {sup 113}Cd(II)-substituted GAL4(63) reveals structural identity between the metal binding domains of GAL4(63) and that of the larger precursor GAL4(149). {sup 113}Cd(II) can be substituted for the Zn(II) in GAL4(63), and two {sup 113}Cd NMR signals are observed at 706 and 669 ppm, both suggesting coordination of {sup 113}Cd(II) to three or four -S{sup {minus}} ligands. With the exception of the N-terminal methionine, the only sulfur-containing residues are the six highly conserved cysteines. High-resolution {sup 1}H NMR of Zn(II)-GAL4(63) and Cd(II)-GAL4(63) show the two proteins to have almost identical conformations and to be present as monomers in solutions up to millimolar concentration. This leads us to postulate that GAL4 does not possess a TFIIIA-like Zn-finger but forms a binuclear metal clustermore » involving all six cysteines in a cloverleaf -like array. GAL4(63) contains about 60% {alpha}-helix, estimated from circular dichroism. Removal of the native Zn(II) causes substantial unfolding of the secondary structure. Unlike GAL4(149), the resultant apoprotein is not induced to refold by readdition of Zn(II) at low concentrations.« less
Illusory contours from pictorially three-dimensional inducing elements

Illusory-figure patterns which are composed of pictorial elements representing three-dimensional partial disks are sometimes effective and sometimes not. When they are not effective, it is apparently because they contain information that contradicts the presence of an occluding figure and/or because all of the edges within the pattern are seen as edges of various pictured surfaces of the elements.
Timely surgery in intermittent and constant exotropia for superior sensory outcome

Abstract PURPOSE: To determine whether time of strabismus surgery for patients with acquired intermittent exotropia and constant exotropia influences postoperative sensory outcome. METHODS: In a retrospective, cross-sectional study, 76 patients with acquired intermittent or constant exotropia and motor realignment were evaluated for postoperative sensory status. Age at surgery, duration of exotropia, and presence of intermittent or constant exotropia were correlated with postoperative sensory status. The 23 male and 53 female patients had an average age of 9.3 years at the time of surgery and a mean follow-up of 5.9 years. RESULTS: Patients had a significantly greater chance of having postoperative stereoacuity better than 60 seconds of arc (bifixation) if they were surgically aligned before 7 years of age ( P P P P P CONCLUSIONS: Patients with intermittent or constant exotropia may achieve superior sensory outcome with motor realignment before age 7, before 5 years of strabismus duration, or while the deviation is intermittent.
Data mining technology across academic disciplines

University courses in data mining across the United States are taught primarily in departments of business, computer science/engineering, statistics, and library/information science. Faculty in each of these departments teach data mining with a unique emphasis, although there is considerable overlap relative to course offerings, terminology, technology, resources, and faculty publications. Content analysis research aims to describe in detail the range of data mining technology differences and overlap across academic disciplines.
Plastic solar cells: Breaking the 10% commercialization barrier

Tandem solar cells provide an effective way to harvest a broader spectrum of solar radiation by combining two or more solar cells with different absorption ranges. However, for polymer solar cells (PSCs), the performance of tandem devices lags behind single-layer cells mainly due to the lack of a high-performance low-bandgap polymer with appropriate spectral response range. Here, we demonstrate a novel low bandgap conjugated polymer (~1.44 eV) specifically suitable for tandem structure. In the single-layer device, power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.5% was achieved. When the polymer was applied to tandem solar cells, we demonstrated a NREL certified PCE of 8.62% [1] . Further optimization on materials and devices of this system has lead to record breaking efficiency of 10.6%. Furthermore, the tandem devices show excellent stability due both to the intrinsic stability of the polymer and the advanced device structure.
Neuromuscular Relaxation and Reversal: An Update

Neuromuscular relaxants are commonly used in the provision of generalanesthesia for the majority of surgical procedures. After a brief overview of the physiology of the neuromuscular junction, pharmacology of both depolarizing and nondepolarizing muscle relaxants will be discussed. Attention will be given to side effects and factors that influence neuromuscular blockade including reversal agents. This article will provide the PACU nurse with the knowledge necessary to provide safe and effective nursing care.
Ergosterol promotes pheromone signaling and plasma membrane fusion in mating yeast.

Ergosterol depletion independently inhibits two aspects of yeast mating: pheromone signaling and plasma membrane fusion. In signaling, ergosterol participates in the recruitment of Ste5 to a polarized site on the plasma membrane. Ergosterol is thought to form microdomains within the membrane by interacting with the long acyl chains of sphingolipids. We find that although sphingolipid-free ergosterol is concentrated at sites of cell–cell contact, transmission of the pheromone signal at contact sites depends on a balanced ratio of ergosterol to sphingolipids. If a mating pair forms between ergosterol-depleted cells despite the attenuated pheromone response, the subsequent process of membrane fusion is retarded. Prm1 also participates in membrane fusion. However, ergosterol and Prm1 have independent functions and only prm1 mutant mating pairs are susceptible to contact-dependent lysis. In contrast to signaling, plasma membrane fusion is relatively insensitive to sphingolipid depletion. Thus, the sphingolipid-free pool of ergosterol promotes plasma membrane fusion.
Weibull strength statistics for graphite fibres measured from the break progression in a model graphite/glass/epoxy microcomposite

Recent statistical theories for the failure of fibrous composities focus on the initiation and growth of clusters of broken fibres within the composite. These theoreis require the probability distribution for fibre strength at the length scale of micromechanical load transfer around a cluster of broken fibres. Such lengths are of the order of 10 to 150 fibre diameters, and thus the associated strengths have previously been unmeasurable by direct means. Using Weilbull/weakest-link rules, researchers have resorted to extrapolation of tension test results from gauge lengths two orders of magnitude longer. In this paper, a technique is developed to study the break progression of a single graphite fibre in an epoxy microcomposite tape, where the graphite fibre is flanked by two, proof-tested, glass fibres. These results are interpreted using a Weibull/Poisson model of the break progression, the number of breaks in the graphite fibre as a function of applied strain, which accounts for stress decay at the fibre ends. It is shown that such extrapolations of tension test data are too optimistic. In addition, different fibres from the same yarn cross-section, apparently have different flaw populations, unlike that which occurs at longer gauge lengths.
Perishable Fiber Artifacts and Paleoindians: New Implications

Recent research demonstrates that perishable industries—notably including the manufacture of textiles, basketry, cordage, netting, and sandals—were a well-established, integral component of the Upper Paleolithic technological milieu in many parts of the Old World. Moreover, extant data suggest that these technologies played a vital and, hitherto, utterly unappreciated role in the ecological success of late Pleistocene populations, including the first Americans. This article explores the varied roles of early fiber technology in the New World and specifically examines the adaptive qualities, impact on social organization, and alteration to food procurement strategies implicit in this innovative and intensive series of interrelated industries. It is suggested that the manufacture of perishable fiber-derived artifacts was far more important in the successful colonization of this hemisphere than any of the more durable artifact classes, particularly stone.
Construction of Wannier Functions and Applications to Energy Bands

This paper is a contribution to the theory of Wannier functions. The main emphasis is on practical methods for the ab initio construction of Wannier functions for simple and composite bands from appropriate variational principles. The cases of a simple $s$ band, a hybridized $s\ensuremath{-}d$ band, and the valence and conduction bands of the diamond structure are treated in detail. The calculations of Bloch waves, energy bands, and densities of states from Wannier functions is described. Questions of uniqueness and nonuniqueness and problems due to attachment to other bands are also discussed.
The effect of different operants on spaced responding

Rats were trained to emit two operants, either touching a bar or licking an empty water tube, for water reinforcement on a reinforcement schedule which reinforced responses spaced at least 10 sec from the previous response. The results indicated that the efficiency of responding, in terms of the number of responses made for each reinforcement, was reduced for the response which was similar to the consummatory response involved in reinforcement (licking) compared to the efficiency with the other response (touching). The results indicate that the operant is an important variable, particularly where temporally delayed responding is involved.
Formation of hydronium and water–hydronium complexes during coadsorption of hydrogen and water on (2×1)Pt(110)

Abstract In the previous literature, people have found that a new species forms when hydrogen and water coadsorb on various faces of platinum. The new species was identified as “hydronium” based on a preliminary analysis of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectra. At present, this assignment is not well accepted in the literature since thermodynamically a bare hydronium ion would not be stable on platinum. In this paper we do the measurements and the calculations to tie down the identity of the species. Ab initio methods are used to estimate the vibrational spectrum of H 3 O + , and [(H 2 O) x H + ] with x =2, 3 or 4, H 3 O radicals, H 2 –H 2 O complexes and H 3 O − . We then measured better quality EELS spectra than had appeared in the previous literature for coadsorption of hydrogen and water on Pt(110). By comparing our experimental spectra and calculated spectra, we found the calculated spectrum of H 5 O + 2 and H 7 O + 3 fit our experimental data the best. These results suggest that the species which forms when hydrogen and water coadsorb on platinum is a cationic species similar to hydronium. It is probably not H 3 O + . However, it is likely that the surface includes a mixture of hydrated intermediates such as H 5 O + 2 , H 7 O + 3 and H 9 O + 4 .
Mothers with Depressive Symptoms Touching Newborns

Previous research has demonstrated the positive effects of early contact on mother–infant touching behaviours. The present study investigated whether the type of maternal touching, shortly after birth, is also determined by the mother's mood state. Mothers with depressive symptoms were compared to non-depressive mothers 1 day after delivery on how they touched their newborns following an initial feeding. The results were counter-intuitive in that no differences were found between mothers with depressive symptoms and non-depressive mothers in type of maternal touching. However, mothers with depressive symptoms talked to their infants less often and talked on the phone more often. In addition, mothers with depressive symptoms showed more neutral and negative facial expressions and fewer positive and more neutral vocal expressions.
Aquinas on management and its development

Purpose – This paper aims to present Aquinas' psychological theory of action as a useful guide for understanding decision making in management.Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual reconstruction of Aquinas' views on the structure of the moral act is shown to apply to the process of decision making in management.Findings – Grounded in a rich rational psychology, Aquinas' theory of action allows for prescription that harmonizes instrumental rationality, the will, and personal morality. It captures contemporary approaches well and provides better explanations of management success and failure than do models of rational choice. Since the exercise of practical reason can be learned, the model is optimistic about the possibility of management development.Research limitations/implications – The paper stops at the conceptual level. The interplay between reason and will, or between deliberative and prescriptive stages in decision making, opens up a field of empirical research in management.Originality/value ...
Neuropilin-1 Extracellular Domains Mediate Semaphorin D/III-Induced Growth Cone Collapse

Abstract Somatosensory axon outgrowth is repulsed when soluble semaphorin D (semD) binds to growth cone neuropilin-1 (Npn-1). Here, semD ligand binding studies of Npn-1 mutants demonstrate that the sema domain binds to the amino-terminal quarter, or complement-binding (CUB) domain, of Npn-1. By herpes simplex virus– (HSV-) mediated expression of Npn-1 mutants in chick retinal ganglion cells, we show that semD-induced growth cone collapse requires two segments of the ectodomain of Npn-1, the CUB domain and the juxtamembrane portion, or MAM (meprin, A5, μ) domain. In contrast, the transmembrane segment and cytoplasmic tail of Npn-1 are not required for biologic activity. These data imply that the CUB and MAM ectodomains of Npn-1 interact with another transmembrane growth cone protein that in turn transduces a semD signal into axon repulsion.
Effects of cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs on ketamine-induced linguopharyngeal motor activity.

Benztropine mesylate (Cogentin) and physostigmine salicylate (Antilirium), were tested for changes in tongue protrusions, retrusions, and swallowing acts in rats anesthetized with a 100 mg/kg IM injection of ketamine hydrochloride. These ketamine-induced linguopharyngeal events were monitored by means of a force displacement transducer fed onto a polygraph. Benztropine (0.05–1 mg/kg) caused mild to moderate reductions in the rate of these events for a short period of time, up to about 30 min. With physostigmine (5–25 μg/kg), linguopharyngeal activity was markedly increased, up to 50-fold by the highest dose within 5 min and returned almost to the baseline within 60 min. With lower doses, more moderate responses were obtained. If methscopolamine (1.4, 3, 6 mg/kg IM) preceded physostigmine, the physostigmine enhancement was preserved.
Management of supratentorial low-grade gliomas

Low-grade gliomas are a clinically, radiographically, and pathologically diverse group of central nervous system neoplasms. Treatment decisions are based primarily on histologic tumor type and patient age. Pilocytic astrocytomas tend to occur in younger patients, are circumscribed, and amenable to cure with gross total resection. There is no role for the routine use of postoperative radiotherapy in these patients. In contrast, infiltrative tumors, including ordinary (nonpilocytic) astrocytomas, mixed oligoastrocytomas, and oligodendrogliomas occur in middle-aged patients and are generally not curable, even with gross total resection. Postoperative radiotherapy of these infiltrative tumors appears to improve survival, particularly in adults. Several ongoing clinical trials are addressing two issues: Observation vs radiotherapy and low-dose vs high-dose radiotherapy in patients with ordinary astrocytomas, oligoastrocytomas, and mixed oligoastrocytomas.
Negative electron transfer dissociation of deprotonated phosphopeptide anions: choice of radical cation reagent and competition between electron and proton transfer.

Despite significant developments in mass spectrometry technology in recent years, no routine proteomics sequencing tool is currently available for peptide anions. The use of a molecular open-shell cation is presented here as a possible reaction partner to induce electron transfer dissociation with deprotonated peptide anions. In this negative electron transfer dissociation (NETD) scheme, an electron is abstracted from the peptide anion and transferred to the radical cation. This is demonstrated for the example of the fluoranthene cation, C16H10+•, which is reacted with deprotonated phosphorylated peptides in a 3-D ion trap mass spectrometer. Selective backbone cleavage at the Cα−C bond is observed to yield a and x fragments, similarly to electron detachment dissociation (EDD) of peptide anions. Crucially, the phosphorylation site is left intact in the dissociation process, allowing an identification and localization of the post-translational modification (PTM) site. In contrast, NETD using Xe+• as the rea...
Estimation of the age composition of current IUD users: example of Taiwan, Republic of China.

3 models making use of matrix algebra are developed to estimate age composition of current IUD users over a period of time. These stochastic models were developed in response to concern in regard to the impact of IUD programs on fertility. The respective assumptions of the 3 models are 1) annual number of insertions constant 2) number of insertions a linear function of time and 3) number of insertions an exponential function of time. Model 1 is used to demonstrate the shift in the age composition of current IUD wearers in Taiwan over a period of time. In Taiwan the age 20-24 IUD subgroup will decrease from 6.8% of the total IUD group in 1965 to 3.5% in 1975 while during that time the age 40-44 subgroup will increase from 11.5% to 26.8%. Thus the index of births averted will decrease by about 15% in 10 years. Thus also the demographic impact of the IUD program is tending to lessen over time.
Arbitrage in fractal modulated black-scholes models when the volatility is stochastic

In this paper an arbitrage strategy is constructed for the modified Black–Scholes model driven by fractional Brownian motion or by a time changed fractional Brownian motion, when the volatility is stochastic. This latter property allows the heavy tailedness of the log returns of the stock prices to be also accounted for in addition to the long range dependence introduced by the fractional Brownian motion. Work has been done previously on this problem for the case with constant "volatility" and without a time change; here these results are extended to the case of stochastic volatility models when the modulator is fractional Brownian motion or a time change of it. (Volatility in fractional Black–Scholes models does not carry the same meaning as in the classic Black–Scholes framework, which is made clear in the text.) Since fractional Brownian motion is not a semi-martingale, the Black–Scholes differential equation is not well-defined sense for arbitrary predictable volatility processes. However, it is shown here that any almost surely continuous and adapted process having zero quadratic variation can act as an integrator over functions of the integrator and over the family of continuous adapted semi-martingales. Moreover it is shown that the integral also has zero quadratic variation, and therefore that the integral itself can be an integrator. This property of the integral is crucial in developing the arbitrage strategy. Since fractional Brownian motion and a time change of fractional Brownian motion have zero quadratic variation, these results are applicable to these cases in particular. The appropriateness of fractional Brownian motion as a means of modeling stock price returns is discussed as well.
Heteronuclear zero-quantum two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance as a conformational probe

Abstract In many cases the proton spectrum of a sample is not interpretable due to extensive overlap of signals. Indirect detection of the proton spectral information via a heteronueleus, whose signals are resolved, can allow determination of the proton spectral parameters needed for conformational and structural investigations. Previous research has shown that the single-quantum heteronuclear two-dimensional experiment can be used to obtain proton spectral information via a heteronucleus for a wide range of samples. In this article heteronuclear zero-quantum spectroscopy is shown to be a competitive technique for indirectly detecting proton spectral information. The zero-quantum approach is distinctly different from the single-quantum technique. Among the advantages of the zero-quantum experiment is the simplicity of the result which is a spectrum directly corresponding to the heteronuclear decoupled proton spectrum.
Band Broadening During High-Throughput Mutation Detection in Microchannels

Cycling temperature gradient electrophoresis represents a promising method for performing high-throughput DNA mutation detection in a microfluidic platform. Sweeping the temperature between an “all denatured” and “all annealed” state eliminates difficulties introduced by the low thermal mass of the system, while still preserving a mobility difference between the wild type and mutant alleles. We describe a theoretical analysis of this method of mutation detection, based on a multiple-time scales analysis that is valid when the DNA experience many temperature cycles before reaching the detector [1]. We focus on the band-broadening incurred by the interplay between the relaxation time of the chemical system and the thermal oscillations. New results are presented for the case where the denaturing and annealing reactions proceed at identical rates. Our analysis indicates that this separation would be best operated at low electric fields.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Abstract 3858: Chronic myeloid leukemia in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor knockout mouse.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a sensor of environmental toxins such as TCDD and its activation by these ligands can lead to immune system impairment, endocrine disruption and cancer. However, the normal physiological functions of AhR are still under investigation. We have previously reported the presence of large uric acid stones in the urinary bladder of AhR-/- mice and have traced this uric acid to rapid degradation of cells. In order to identify the cells that are dying, we examined the immune system of these mice. AhR -/- mice develop splenomegaly, increased number of megakaryocytes, increased circulating white blood cell count, enlarged lymph nodes, abnormalities in the bone marrow with many immature blast cells and severe myeloid cell infiltration into the liver and other tissues. The immune phenotype in these mice worsens as they age. The AhR -/- mouse phenotype, diagnosed as chronic myeloid leukemia, is similar to that of ERβ -/- mice but there is no loss of ERβ in AhR-/- mice. These studies suggest a novel mechanism for the development of chronic myeloid leukemia. Citation Format: Ryan Butler, Margaret Warner, Jan-Ake Gustafsson. Chronic myeloid leukemia in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor knockout mouse. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3858. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3858
Strength in Numbers: Networks as a Solution to Occupational Traps

The “new classical” theory states that families in low-skill occupations with low levels of human capital can stay poor from one generation to the next, while families in high-skill occupations with correspondingly high levels of human capital stay wealthy, despite being endowed with the same level of ability on average. This paper proposes an informal institutional mechanism—the community-based network—through which families belonging to the same neighbourhood or kinship group can bootstrap their way out of such low-skill occupational traps. The insight from the dynamic model that is developed is that once they form, new networks providing mutual support to their members and substituting for inherited parental human capital and wealth will strengthen most rapidly in historically disadvantaged communities, generating a correspondingly high level of intergenerational mobility. These predictions are successfully tested using unique data from India. The analysis in this paper, coupled with an emerging empirical literature on networks and migration, provides a new perspective on mobility in developing countries, with restrictive traditional networks decaying even as new networks supporting collective mobility form and strengthen over time.
Prompt-gamma compensation in Rb-82 myocardial perfusion 3D PET/CT

To compare the diagnostic accuracy of Rb-82 myocardial perfusion three-dimensional (3D) PET with and without prompt-gamma compensation (PGC). Retrospective, single center study of 76 patients who had rest and adenosine stress Rb-82 myocardial perfusion 3D PET. All studies were acquired using a Siemens Biograph-40 PET/CT scanner and were reconstructed with and without PGC. Fifty-seven patients (mean age 63 ± 11 years, 26 men) had coronary angiography within 40 days of Rb-82 imaging. Nineteen patients (mean age 43 ± 7 years, 10 men) had low likelihood of coronary artery disease (CAD). All PET images were scored by consensus of two blinded readers on a standard 5-point scale using a 17-segment left ventricular model. A normal PET test was defined as a summed stress score of less than four. Obstructive CAD at coronary angiography was used as the gold-standard and was defined as luminal stenoses ≥50% in one or more major coronary arteries. The prevalence of obstructive disease at coronary angiography was 68% (39/57). The mean summed stress score was 12 ± 12 for PGC images and was 18 ± 14 for non-PGC images. Sensitivity and specificity for obstructive CAD were 90% (95% CI 88-99) and 72% (95% CI 52-93) for PGC images and 95% (95% CI 88-100) and 22% (95% CI 3-41) for non-PGC images. PGC in Rb-82 3D PET improves the specificity for obstructive CAD at coronary angiography with no significant loss in sensitivity.
The effects of welfare on children living out-of-home

L'article de Brandon et Fisher est examine a partir de la question : des parents celibataires vivant dans des Etats offrant des allocations familiales moindres sont-ils plus enclins a abandonner leur role parental? Meme si la dissolution familiale est allee croissant ces dernieres annees, il n'y a pas de donnees qui permette de tester directement cette hypothese. De plus, c'est dans les Etats les plus genereux quant aux allocations qu'on observe le pourcentage le plus important d'enfants places. Ainsi, les donnees disponibles actuellement soulevent plus de questions qu'elles n'en resolvent
Radiographic evaluation for pulmonary metastases in sarcoma patients

The records of 130 patients with soft tissue and bone sarcomas were retrospectively analyzed to identify the subgroups of patients that would benefit from tomographic studies for pulmonary metastasis. Sixty-six of 96 patients with a normal conventional chest roentgenogram (CXR) had tomography to diagnose pulmonary metastasis. Of the 53 patients who had primary disease and a normal CXR followed by tomography, only 1 (1.9%) had metastases identified on tomograms. Of the 13 patients who had locally recurrent sarcoma and a CXR plus tomographic studies, 2 (15%) had metastases detected on tomogram only. Tomographic studies detected significantly more sarcoma patients with pulmonary metastasis in the group with locally recurrent disease than in the group with primary disease (P < 0.05).