cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two-Stage Clustering of Household Electricity Load Shapes for Improved Temporal Pattern Representation

With the widespread adoption of smart meters in buildings, an unprecedented amount of high-resolution energy data is released, which provides opportunities to understand building consumption patterns. Accordingly, research efforts have employed data analytics and machine learning methods to segment customers based on their load profiles, which help utilities and energy providers promote customized/personalized targeting for energy programs. Existing energy consumption segmentation techniques use assumptions that could reduce clusters’ quality in representing their members. Therefore, in this paper, we investigated a two-stage clustering method for capturing more representative load shape temporal patterns and peak demands through a cluster merging approach. In the first stage, load shapes are clustered (using classical clustering algorithms) by allowing a large number of clusters to accurately capture variations in energy use patterns, and cluster centroids are extracted by accounting for limited shape misalignment within the range of Demand Response (DR) timeframes. In the second stage, clusters with similar centroids and power magnitude ranges are merged using Complexity-Invariant Dynamic Time Warping. We used three datasets consisting of ~250 households (~15000 profiles) to demonstrate the efficacy of the framework, compared to baseline methods, and discuss the impact on energy management. The proposed investigated merging-based clustering also increased correlation between cluster centroids and the corresponding members by 3–9% for different datasets.
Proximal Humerus Fractures in the Pediatric Population.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to review recent literature focusing on proximal humerus anatomy, epidemiology of these fractures, diagnosis and treatment options, and clinical outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Non- or minimally displaced proximal humerus fractures treated nonoperatively do not lead to short- or long-term complication and do not cross over to operative treatment. There is a higher rate of operative management with older age, increased injury severity score, treatment at an adult hospital, and private insurance. Operative management is preferred with closed or open reduction and percutaneous pinning, but elastic nailing and plate fixation are other options with good postoperative outcomes. Pediatric proximal humerus fractures occur after fall onto the affected shoulder or arm. Diagnosis is usually made with radiographs. Understanding the proximal humerus anatomy is critical to the proper management of these injuries to aid reduction and predict remodeling potential. There is considerable debate around the management of proximal humerus fractures in the pediatric population. Treatment is based on patient age, fracture displacement, and remodeling capacity. Nonoperative management is successful in younger patients or less displaced fractures, and operative management is usually considered in older patients with more displaced fractures.
T cells in harmony: Aligning the TCR repertoire pool to identify microbiota recognizing T cells.

Microbiota-specific T cell responses have been identified for select microbes, but individual T cell receptor repertoire differences make characterizing responses across populations difficult. In this issue of Immunity, Muschaweck et al. establish a system allowing for reproducible responses between individual mice, a powerful tool for characterizing microbiota directed immunity.
Second-trimester spontaneous abortion, the IUD, and infection.

Abstract Nineteen cases of spontaneous second-trimester abortion associated with the intrauterine device (IUD) are reviewed and compared to 30 cases of spontaneous second-trimester abortion not associated with the IUD. Fifteen of the IUD's were Dalkon shields and four were Lippes loops. Sixteen of the 19 IUD-associated abortions began either with prolonged rupture of membranes or signs and symptoms of infection. Infection occurred in 18 or 19 of the cases (95 per cent) but only 30 per cent of the comparison group. Eleven major complications occurred in eight patients in the IUD group but only eight complications occurred among seven patients in the comparison group. It is suggested that when the IUD remains in utero during pregnancy, it may be a causal factor in second-trimester spontaneous abortion, and that intrauterine infection is the distinguishing characteristic of such cases. Mechanisms are suggested by which the IUD might cause infected abortion.
On Mertz and Ninnis Glaciers, East Antarctica

Two large glacier tongues, which extend substantially across the coastline of King George V Land in East Antarctica, have been studied by remote sensing (synthetic aperture radar, JERS-1). The tongue of Mertz Glacier is in a state of advance, while the Ninnis Glacier tongue is retreating. Some more specific points are: The distinctive surface structure and the form of the glacier tongues indicates that they are floating. While the tongue of Ninnis Glacier has lost about two-thirds of its area since 1913, the Mertz Glacier tongue has advanced substantially and has about doubled its areal extent over the same time period. The annual movement of the tongue of Mertz Glacier was determined as about 1.2 km. This is close to the value of the advance of the tip of the tongue since 1963, which was determined as 0.9 km year -1 .
Who Are Those Strangers in the Latin Square

We approach the human Affymetrix Latin Square data from a classical parametric statistical modeling perspective. The first stage is to formulate a reasonable model for the probe-level data based on extant knowledge of the experimental design and technology. We present some options for this and settle on a linear mixed model for the log 2 perfect match data. Upon applying this model to the data for every gene in turn, we discover that not only do the fourteen spiked-in genes appear highly significant, but that a few additional, unexpected, genes display profiles remarkably similar to those of the fourteen. Except for probe sets aimed at examining the same genes, it is likely that some short motifs might be the reason for this cross hybridization. We investigate each of these genes in more detail and offer some plausible explanations.
Effects of Haptic Feedback on Exploration

Increasing haptic feedback has been shown to improve the accuracy of task performance in virtual and telemanipulated environments. This work seeks to determine how virtual object stiffness and geometry, as well as human exploration technique, affect shape understanding. During exploration of arcs with a two-degree-of-freedom haptic interface, understanding of shape geometry improved with higher radii of curvature, and identification of object stiffness was found to plateau above 450 N/m. User bias in understanding of geometry was found to be influenced by the “horizontal-vertical illusion”, where users underestimated lateral distances while overestimating vertical ones. It was found that users misperceived some differences in stiffness as differences in shape. The experience level of the user affected exploration time and the accuracy of shape understanding. The stiffness threshold found in this study indicates that limited stiffness can be used to render objects without significant loss of information, and the biases found for understanding of shape geometry can also be used to improve shape rendering.
NEW‐TYPE TERMINAL COURSE IN LANGUAGE*

UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH-Milton Allan Dickie, A.B., Washington and Jefferson College, 1909; A.M., ibid., 1910; (German): "Reinold Solfer." Lotte Olga Lohstoeter, A.B., University of Pittsburgh, 1923; A.M., ibid., 1925; (German): "Zinzendorf: An Evaluation." UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA-Emma Reynolds Hutchison, A.B., University of Southern California, 1917; A.M., ibid., 1918; (French): "The Sources of Jean Rotrou's Early Plays (1628-1634)." Charles Oran Stewart, A.B., Nebraska University, 1907; A.M., University of Missouri, 1908; (French): "The French Element in the Writings of James Russell Lowell." THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAs-Robert Clarence Stephenson, A.B., University of Texas, 1916; (Spanish Language and Literature, French Literature and Language, and English Literature): "Miguel Sanchez: A Contemporary Terentian Influence upon Lope de Vega." THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-Ewal Paul Appelt, undergraduate work in Germany; A.M., Northwestern University, 1926; (German and Education): "Sprache und Stil Eichendorffs nach seinen Prosawerken." Rebecca Punchard Flint, A.B., Wellesley College, 1914; A.M., University of Wisconsin, 1923; (French and Italian): "The Attitude of Brunetiere toward the Novelists and Poets of his Age" Cameron Charles Gullette, B. Music, Ohio University, 1918; A.B., ibid., 1920; A.M., University of Wisconsin, 1927; (French and Spanish): "The Growth of Realism in Alphonse Daudet." Ellsworth Andrews Morgan, A.B., University of Oregon, 1909; A.M., University of Wisconsin, 1927; (German and Education): "Ernst von Wildenbruch as Nationalist." YALE UNIVERSITY-Robert Chapman Bates, A.B., Yale University, 1923; (Romance Languages): "Le Conte dou Barril." Samuel Frederic Will, B.S., University of Virginia, 1923; A.M. Indiana University, 1925; (Romance Languages): "Jean de Morel, his Family, his Friends."
Interleukin-1: Biological Effects in Human Hematopoiesis

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) produces many direct and indirect effects in hematopoiesis. IL-1 stimulates hematopoietic progenitors, and enhances production of other cytokines. Experimental data suggest a role in ameliorating the myelosuppression that occurs following cytotoxic chemotherapy. Recombinant human interleukin-1 has now entered clinical trial. We conducted a phase I trial of IL-1β alone, and following a myelosuppressive dose of 5-fluorouracil in patients with cancer. A prominent neutrophilia was noted within several hours, with a later, more sustained thrombocytosis. Hypotension was dose-limiting. We observed fewer days of neutropenia following 5-FU plus IL-1 compared to IL-1 alone, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Early results from other investigators suggest a possible protective effect from chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. Preclinical data suggest that combinations of IL-1 and lineage specific growth factors may produce synergistic hematologic effects.
Modulation of Estrogen Receptor α Function and Stability by Tamoxifen and a Critical Amino Acid (Asp-538) in Helix 12

Estrogen receptor α (ER) is a ligand-activated transcription factor implicated in breast cancer growth. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), such as tamoxifen (4-OHT), bind to the ER and affect the position of helix 12, thereby influencing coregulator binding and ER transcriptional activation. Previous studies have shown that a triple mutation in helix 12 (3m; D538A/E542A/D545A) caused a change in ER stability and obliterated 4-OHT action (Liu, H., Lee, E. S., de los Reyes, A., Zapf, J. W., and Jordan, V. C. (2001) Cancer Res. 61, 3632–3639). Two approaches were taken to determine the role of individual mutants (D538A, L540Q, E542A, and D545A) on the activity and stability of the 4-OHT·ER complex. First, mutants were evaluated using transient transfection into ER-negative T47D:C4:2 cells with an ERE3-luciferase reporter, and second, transforming growth factor α (TGFα) mRNA was used as a gene target in situ for stable transfectants of MDA-MB-231 cells. Transcriptional activity occurred in the presence of estrogen in all of the mutants, although a decreased response was observed in the L540Q, 3m, and D538A cells. The 3m and D538A mutants lacked any estrogenic responsiveness to 4-OHT, whereas the other mutations retained estrogen-like activity with 4-OHT. Unlike the other mutants, the ER was degraded in the D538A mutant with 4-OHT treatment. However, increasing the protein levels of the mutant with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 did not restore the ability of 4-OHT to induce TGFα mRNA. We suggest that Asp-538 is a critical amino acid in helix 12 that not only reduces the estrogen-like actions of 4-OHT but also facilitates the degradation of the 4-OHT·D538A complex. These data further illustrate the complex role of specific surface amino acids in the modulation of the concentration and the estrogenicity of the 4-OHT·ER complex.
Changes in the service delivery model and home visitors' job satisfaction and turnover in an Early Head Start program

Study of the processes through which interventions achieve the intended outcomes is as important as the study of the intervention outcomes themselves. In this article, the process of imple- menting an Early Head Start program is described and related to changes in the home visitors' job satisfaction and turnover. Initially, the biggest challenge for the implementing agency was maintaining undisrupted service delivery whereas the new administration team, when hired, confronted the task of rejuvenating the program. This led to an overall restructuring of the home-based model of service delivery. Results show that, as predicted, home visitors were least satisfied with their roles, work atmosphere, and job conditions during the program make-over phase. The staff turnover rate was the highest in the pro- gram's history during this period (39%). However, these trends were reversed as the program stabilized due to the changes. These results are presented and discussed in light of the program implementation issues and changes to the service delivery model.
Physical Chemistry Online: A Small-Scale Intercollegiate Interactive Learning Experience

During the Fall 1995 semester, students from three geographically separated chemistry departments participated in a prototype two-week online learning experience in physical chemistry. The students obtained a paper entitled “How Hot is That Flame Anyway?” from a Web site at Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP), http://dirac.py.iup.edu/college/chemistry/chem-course/trialrun.html. A corrected copy of the case study (http://www.niagara.edu/~/dflame/flame1.html) along with other relevant files can be found at http://www.niagara.edu/~tjz/cases.html. The “Flame” paper (Flame1.htm 20 Kbytes) presented a scenario/case for students to use to discover the thermodynamic principles and assumptions involved when estimating flame temperatures for common fuels. The mechanism for this chemical education experiment was inter- and intra-collegiate interaction by e-mail. The entire online activity demonstrated that cooperative learning can be implemented intercollegially for a physical chemistry course. Here, in this paper, we (1) describe the background leading to the experiment, (2) list the goals and objectives of the project, (3) assess the learning process demonstrated by students during this online course segment, (4) speculate on the significance of the project, and (5) offer suggestions for other mini-online course segments based on student and faculty assessment of the process. The results from the physical chemistry online course segment are placed in the context of preparation for a full online course held during the Spring 1996 semester. URLs for various course materials are included in this paper.
Relationship between PM2.5 collected at residential outdoor locations and a central site.

Abstract Regression models are developed to describe the relationship between ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter [PM] ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) mass concentrations measured at a central-site monitor with those at residential outdoor monitors. Understanding the determinants and magnitude of variability and uncertainty in this relationship is critical for understanding personal exposures in the evaluation of epidemiological data. The repeated measures regression models presented here address temporal and spatial characteristics of data measured in the 2004–2007 Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study, and they take into account missing data and other data features. The models incorporate turbulence kinetic energy and planetary boundary layer height, meteorological data that are not routinely considered in models that relate central-site concentrations to exposure to health effects. It was found that turbulence kinetic energy was highly statistically significant in explaining the relationship of PM...
Influence of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, dextrose diuresis and aceton on cisplatin nephrotoxicity in Fischer 344 (F344) rats

The following studies examined the impact of the diabetic state on cisplatin nephrotoxicity. This study also investigated the potential mechanisms for diabetes mediated reduction of cisplatin toxicity. A diabetic state was induced in male Fischer 344 (F344) rats after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 27-35 mg/kg STZ. Cisplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) nephrotoxicity was examined in normoglycemic and diabetic rats after 48 and 96 h. Cisplatin was nephrotoxic within 96 h to normoglycemic animals as indicated by an increased kidney weight, marked elevations in serum BUN levels as well as significant P less than 0.05) decreases in renal cortical slice accumulation of p-aminohippurate (PAH) and tetraethylammonium (TEA). Cisplatin failed to depress renal cortical slice accumulation of PAH and TEA in the diabetic rats. Cisplatin was also less effective in increasing BUN levels or kidney weight in diabetic rats. Further studies investigated the impact of glycosuric diuresis and ketone bodies on cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Dextrose diuresis of normoglycemic rats failed to reduce the effect of cisplatin on BUN levels, kidney weight and renal cortical slice uptake of PAH and TEA. Acetone pretreatment of normoglycemic rats also did not reduce cisplatin nephrotoxicity. These results indicate: (1) cisplatin nephrotoxicity is attenuated in the experimental diabetic state, (2) diabetes does not reduce cisplatin nephrotoxicity through glycosuric diuresis and (3) ketone body accumulation does not modulate cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
State-space design of multivariable self-tuning regulators

Abstract A state-space design for a multivariable, self-tuning regulator is presented which is based upon eigenvalue assignment. The parameters of a MIMO stochastic process are estimated at each time interval by recursive least squares, and are used to construct an equivalent state-space representation. Eigenvalue assignment of the closed-loop system is accomplished by state feedback, where the state estimate is obtained from the output of a full-order Luenberger observer. The algorithm can be used to regulate non-minimum phase and open-loop unstable systems. Three examples are given.
Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in Giant Cell Arteritis Involvement in Vascular Remodeling

Background— Both matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and -9 (MMP-9) have been postulated to play roles in the pathophysiology of giant cell arteritis (GCA) because of their ability to degrade elasti...
Technological Implications for Clinical Supervision and Practice

Abstract This paper will review and describe the use of ‘virtual’ (i.e., persons interacting in different geographic locations) technologies in clinical supervision. First, a rationale for using such technologies as a tool for doing clinical supervision will be presented. Second, a review and description of available technological resources will be offered. These include: e-mail, computer-mediated communication (CMC), videoconferencing (VC), Internet or World Wide Web, and WebTV. Third, some of the settings that have utilized such technological resources in conducting clinical supervision (i.e., psychiatry, medicine, education) and therapy will be reviewed. Ethical issues in using these technologies and implications for supervision will be explored.
Evidence for inheritance of medullary sponge kidney

Medullary sponge kidney (MSK) is associated with recurrent calcium stones. Gambaro’s group evaluated the relatives of probands with MSK. When prior imaging was not available, they performed renal ultrasounds. They demonstrated familial clustering, providing the best evidence yet that MSK is a heritable disorder. Although a small proportion of MSK cases are associated with variants of glial cell–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), the genetic basis for most instances of MSK is not known.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN ANNULAR HIGH FREQUENCY RESONATOR

We present a new high frequency resonator using a high order mode shape of an annular structure. The basic concept of an annular high frequency resonator (AHFR) is presented and the AHFR is fabricated by using a standard surface micromachining technology. Using theoretical analysis, the resonant frequency of the AHFR was expressed in a simple form. On this basis, a theoretical formula for the AHFR has been developed in terms of the structure’s geometry and material properties. The outer diameters of the 3.5µm-thick polysilicon AHFR with resonant frequencies of 100MHz, 500MHz and 1GHz are 192µm, 96µm and 61µm, respectively. This results in areas sufficient large to readily sense the filtered signal. Fundamental characteristics of the mode shape and resonant frequency of the AHFR have been discussed.
The Relationship between the SCII Introversion-Extroversion Scale and Occupational Scales

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between the Introversion-Extroversion Scale (IE) and the Occupational Scales of the 1985 Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory (SCII). The subjects were 153 female and 70 male career-counseling clients at a university counseling service. The results indicated that introversion was highly related to realistic and investigative occupations, and that extroversion was highly related to social and enterprising occupations. Also, the occupations which showed the greatest sex differences in IE tended to involve business interests, with the males being more extroverted than the females; it was suggested that males might enter business occupations at least in part to have their social needs met.
Rate-Decline Analysis for Fracture-Dominated Shale Reservoirs

Traditional decline methods such as Arps’ rate/time relations and their variations do not work for wells producing from supertight or shale reservoirs in which fracture flow is dominant. Most of the production data from these wells exhibit fracture-dominated flow regimes and rarely reach late-time flow regimes, even over several years of production. Without the presence of pseudoradial and boundary-dominated flows (BDFs), neither matrix permeability nor drainage area can be established. This indicates that matrix contribution is negligible compared with fracture contribution, and the expected ultimate recovery (EUR) cannot be based on a traditional concept of drainage area. An alternative approach is proposed to estimate EUR from wells in which fracture flow is dominant and matrix contribution is negligible. To support these fracture flows, the connected fracture density of the fractured area must increase over time. This increase is possible because of local stress changes under fracture depletion. Pressure depletion within fracture networks would reactivate the existing faults or fractures, which may breach the hydraulic integrity of the shale that seals these features. If these faults or fractures are reactivated, their permeabilities will increase, facilitating enhanced fluid migration. For fracture flows at a constant flowing bottomhole pressure, a log-log plot of rate over cumulative production vs. time will yield a straight line with a unity slope regardless of fracture types. In practice, a slope of greater than unity is normally observed because of actual field operations, data approximation, and flow-regime changes. A rate/ time or cumulative production/time relationship can be established on the basis of the intercept and slope values of this log-log plot and initial gas rate. Field examples from several supertight and shale gas plays for both dry and high-liquid gas production, and for oil production were used to test the new model. All display the predicted straightline trend, with its slope and intercept related to reservoir types. In other words, a certain fractured flow regime or a combination of flow types that dominate a given area or play because of its reservoir-rock characteristics and/or fracture-stimulation practices all produce a narrow range of intercepts and slopes. An individualwell performance or EUR can be derived that is based on this range if the best 3-month average or the initial production rate of the well is already known or estimated. The results show that this alternative approach is easier to use, gives a reliable EUR, and can be used to replace the traditional decline methods for unconventional reservoirs. The new approach is also able to provide statistical methods to analyze production forecasts of resource plays and to establish a range of results of these forecasts, including probability distributions of reserves in terms of P90 (lower side) to P10 (higher side).
Large-bandwidth ultra-low-loss guiding in bi-periodic photonic crystal waveguides

For the first time, we experimentally demonstrate ultra-low-loss guiding in bi-periodic photonic crystal waveguides over a large bandwidth of more than 60 nm. In such bi-periodic waveguides, we achieve a propagation loss very similar to that of a dielectric ridge waveguide, which indicates that the dominant loss mechanism in these bi-periodic waveguides is due to fabrication imperfections.
Inter-nest Infanticide in Ardeids

Abstract A case of intra-specific infanticide is recorded in the Great Egret (Ardea alba) and two cases of inter-nest infanticide are reported for the Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax).
Principles of deformity correction

Abstract Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related surgery, Vol 19, No 4 (April), 2003: pp 446–450
Unilateral hypoxic-ischemic injury in neonatal rat results in a persistent increase in the density of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase immunoperoxidase staining

Abstract Little is known of the alterations in the neurochemical anatomy of the striatum following neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury. In an experimental model in rodent, it has been shown that striatal biochemical markers of dopaminergic systems appear to be relatively spared. We sought to define the morphologic correlates of this finding by staining striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive fibers with the immunoperoxidase technique. Since this model is unilateral, it is possible to examine relative changes in the density of TH-positive staining of the striatum at the population level within the same section. We find that in immature animals (3–4 weeks) there is an increase in the relative density of striatal TH-positive staining on the injured side. There is also an increase in the relative density of staining in the nucleus accumbens, in the absence of shrinkage of that nucleus. There is no relationship between the degree of density increase in the striatum, and its degree of shrinkage. This increase in relative density is a persistent change, as it is also observed in adult rats (9–12 weeks). While the functional significance of these findings are unknown, they are compatible with a relative increase in the dopaminergic innervation of the hypoxia-ischemia injured striatum.
Characterizing fluidic seals for on-board reagent delivery

The reagent delivery mechanism in a point-of-care, HIV diagnostic, microfluidic device is studied. Reagents held in an aluminum blister pack are released on the opening of a fluidic seal. The fluidic seals, controlling the flow of reagents, are characterized to reduce anomalies in the desired flow pattern. The findings of this research can be divided into three categories – 1) bonding phenomenon 2) influence of seal pattern on flow and rupture mechanics and 3) process parameters which minimize flow anomalies. Four seal patterns – line hemisphere, line flat, chevron hemisphere and chevron flat were created and tested for reagent delivery using a flow sensor and a force gauge. Experiments suggest that one of the patterns – line-flat – inducted the fewest flow anomalies. A parameter scoping exercise of the seal manufacturing process parameters (temperature, time, pressure) was performed for the line flat seal. Temperature, time, pressure / gap and distance settings which minimize flow anomalies were found.
Long-Term Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene Influenced by Bioaugmentation and Dissolved Oxygen in Aquifer Microcosms

Aerobic trichloroethylene (TCE) biodegradation was investigated in small-column aquifer microcosms repeatedly fed solutions containing 6.5 mg/L phenol or 15 mg/L lactate and 250 μg/L TCE every two ...
Damming the river: a changing perspective on altering nature

Dams have served society for over 4500 years. Through time, functions and uses have been notably altered. There has been a significant proliferation in purposes for constructing dams to control stream flow and secure water storage. Technological changes have been paralleled with construction of ever-larger dams to gain control of larger water supplies. This study of dams is presented in the context of environment and societal needs. Dams act as geomorphic agents as well as water management structures. It is essential to anticipate a barrier's long-term environmental influence as well as to measure its long-term role in serving society. The analysis considers the varied magnitudes of dams and their respective functions to serve ever-larger populations. Dam size is a reflection of the changing dependence of society on specific water functions/services. As nature has its rhythm of change, the challenge is to fit human use into nature with minimal adverse environmental impacts. As with agriculture, dams have become part of the domesticated landscape.
Periodontitis and gestational diabetes mellitus: exploring the link in NHANES III.

Objectives: The authors hypothesized that women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy would exhibit more severe periodontal disease than controls without a history of diabetes during pregnancy. Methods: Data from NHANES III provided information for 4,244 women ages 20–59. One hundred and thirteen had a history of GDM (GDM+), while 4,131 had no history of diabetes before or during their pregnancies (GDM-). Women were further classified by the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus (DM+ or OM-) at the time of their NHANES 111 examination. Periodontal disease (PO) was defined as one or more teeth with one or more sites with probing depth ≤4mm, loss of affachment ≤2mm, and bleeding on probing. Results: The PD prevalence among women who were GDM+DM- was 9.0% and 4.8% for those who were GDM-DM-. PD prevalence for women who were GDM+DM+ was 30.5% and 11.6% for GDM-DM+ subjects, respectively. A logistic regression model, controlling for age, calculus, smoking, and income estimated women who were GDM+DM+ were more likely to have periodontal disease than women who were GDM-DM- and women who were GDM-DM+. The GDM+DM- group also tended to be more likely to have PD than the GDM-DM- and GDM-DM+ groups. However, the odds ratios were not statistically significant. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy may be at greater risk for developing more severe periodontal disease than pregnant women without GDM.
Geography and Fragility

This article introduces the topic and offers an overview of the issue. The author argues that despite the dismantling of the Iron Curtain in 1989 there is still a gap of indifference (which sometimes translates into suspicion and misunderstanding) that separates Western from Eastern Europe when it comes to the exchange of ideas and the dissemination of knowledge. While East European intellectuals most often feed themselves on West European authors, intellectual fashions and cultural products, their Western counterparts pay comparatively little attention to what comes, intellectually, from the East – as though the traffic of ideas between Eastern and Western Europe is only one way. On closer inspection, however, this may be due in part to a sense of existential fragility, insecurity and dislocation that characterizes the “East European mind” itself. The author traces briefly this characteristic in the works and opinions of such authors as Czeslaw Milosz, Arthur Koestler, Milan Kundera, Krzysztof Kieslowski...
Electron microscopy of soybean lipid bodies

Soybean lipid bodies in situ are small (0.2~0.5μm in diameter) and have an affinity for plasmalemma, protein bodies, endoplasmic reticulum and other cell organnelles but not for mitochondria or nuclei. Isolated lipid bodies contain 15% protein after extensive washing and have densities ranging from less than 1.0066 to 1.0788. We concluded that lipid bodies are surrounded by a specific delimiting membrane.
Assessing Competency for Concealed-Weapons Permits — The Physician's Role

Many local law-enforcement agencies in the United States ask physicians to assess the physical and mental competence of applicants for concealed-weapons permits. But physicians may have legal and ethical concerns, and we lack standards for making these determinations.
Toward a free-space parallel optoelectronic computer: a 300-MHz optoelectronic counter using holographic interconnects

We built and tested one of the key components of a free-space holographically interconnected stored-program optoelectronic computer: a counter. The counter is constructed with 1-ns-latency optoelectronic NOR gates and is interconnected with holographic optical elements. Two synchronization methods were also demonstrated: the gate-and-strobe method and the time-of-flight method. These counters represent prototypical optoelectronic finite-state controllers. They were developed to demonstrate the feasibility of providing optoelectronic controllers for optoelectronic processors.
Spectrofluorometric analysis and electrical conductivities of styrene and methylmethacrylate polymers by adding symmetrical polymethine dyes

To see the effect of conjugation on molecular weight and conductivity, three symmetrical polymethine dyes are added in polymers either before or after polymerization. Dyes have conjugated bonds between nitrogen atoms. Among three dyes, it was observed that as conjugation increases, the conductivity also increases. Previous study with polyethylvinylketone and polymethylvinylketone support the idea that increased conjugation will increase the molecular weight and conductivity. For these polymers also, the dopant, phosphorylchloride increased the conductivities due to the double bond being transferred to the main chain and increased conjugation. The same method developed in this work can be applied to methyl methacrylate and styrene polymers to see the relationship between molecular weight, conductivity, and fluorescence intensity. When dyes were added to methylmethacrylate and styrene monomers before polymerization, much higher conductivities were obtained. Conductivity values are directly proportional to the irradiation times and molecular weights. Four-hour irradiation time results in a maximum molecular weight of 6.4 × 105 and a maximum conductivity of 2.25 μS for MMA polymers. Spectrofluorometric analysis of methyl methacrylate polymers indicates that as molecular weight of the dyes increases, the emission intensities at 375 and 425 nm also increases. In the same way, increased molecular weight of polymer also results higher emission intensities. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Estrogen replacement therapy and endometrial cancer: The elusive link

Estrogen replacement therapy has been in widespread use in the past two decades in the treatment of symptoms commonly associated with the perimenopausal period. In recent years, several retrospective studies have indicated that an association between estrogen replacement therapy and endometrial cancer may exist. These research findings and their critiques are reviewed. Implications for further use of estrogen replacement therapy are delineated.
A new design and analysis of compliant spine mechanism for caterpillar climbing robot

Due to low energy consuming and being suitable for climbing robots to scale various vertical wall using spines, this approach inspired by animals and insects is employed in the design of our modular caterpillar climbing robot. According to the caterpillar robot mechanism configuration, spines can be driven passively. To improve the probability of engagement and disengagement of spines, the trajectory and the compliant driving mechanism of spines are discussed in depth in this paper. Then a model of one module of the robot is built for detail design. The driving torque of active joint is also analyzed. In the end, the movement of a spine is simulated by Adams, whose results verify the feasibility of our design and the validity of analysis.
TOP MANAGEMENT TURNOVER AND CEO SUCCESSION: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF TURNOVER ON PERFORMANCE

One strategic action which is often taken by firms in need of a turnaround is to bring in a new chief executive officer (CEO). Many observers argue, however, that having done this the new CEO must replace large numbers of top managers in order to effect a change in the firm's interactions and subsequent performance. Critics of this perspective insist that just the opposite is true. Substantial levels of turnover may only serve to further disrupt the organization decreasing performance still more. This controversy is addressed in the following study using a sample of 84 firms all of which experienced CEO succession during the year 1980. Analyses rely on a three-year-period pre-succession and three-year period post-succession. Three hypotheses are proposed. First, poor performance prior to CEO succession leads to greater turnover afterward. Second, that turnover is curvilinearly related to performance after the succession. And, finally, that successor type (i.e. whether the CEO was an inside or outside candidate) is related to the level of turnover in upper level management positions in the post-succession period. the results from tests of these hypotheses are presented, and the implications of these findings are discussed.
Fade statistics for Gaussian beam waves in moderate-to-strong turbulence

The performance of lasercom systems operating in the atmosphere is reduced by optical turbulence, which causes irradiance fluctuations in the received signal. The result is a randomly fading signal. In this work, fade statistics obtained from experimental data were compared to theoretical predictions based on the lognormal and gamma-gamma distributions. The probability of fade and expected number of fades per second were calculated from the irradiance fluctuations of a Gaussian beam wave propagating through the atmosphere on a horizontal path, near ground, in the moderate-to-strong turbulence regime. Irradiance data was collected simultaneously at three receiving apertures of different size. Atmospheric parameters were inferred from the measurements and used to calculate the parameters for the theoretical distributions. A new integral expression for the expected number of fades based on the gamma-gamma distribution was developed and shown to make a significant difference compared to the existing approximation.
The Factorial Validity of Brief Satisfaction Scales in a Survey of 58 Korean-American Interracial Couples:

Responses to modified versions of the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale and the Kansas Parental Satisfaction Scale were obtained from a nonrandom sample of 58 Korean-American interracial couples living near Fort Riley and Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. The items were factored using principal axis factoring with varimax rotation. Each scale's items loaded on the factors as expected, with some minor exceptions, for both the English and Korean translations.
The Double-Heterostructure Concept: How It Got Started

The double-heterostructure (DH) concept for lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) grew out of the prelaser context of increasing the speed of the early bipolar junction transistors. The 1954 idea was to change the energy gap itself, with a graded-gap base, or a wide-gap emitter. This led to the 1957 more general concept of quasi-electric fields and potentials in structures with a position-dependent energy gap. This paper gives a personal chronological account of the evolution of these concepts toward the 1963 proposal of the DH laser, including some blind alleys and blunders along the way.
Determination of the denuded zone in Czochralski-grown silicon wafers through MOS lifetime profiling

A technique is presented that can determine whether a denuded zone exists in Czochralski-grown silicon wafers and, if so, how deep into the substrate it extends. Measurements taken after oxygen out-diffusion and precipitation anneals show agreement with denuded zone measurements taken using section topography and angle lapping/ chemical etching. The defect mechanisms that are being monitored by this technique include enhanced thermal generation due to defect states. They also include increased electron-hole pair generation due to impact ionization, which is caused by distortion of the potential lines near precipitates (oxide and/or metal precipitaties). Another defect mechanism, injection of unannihilated thermal donors, is shown to be less significant.
A Simple Reinforcement System for Methadone Clients in a Community-Based Treatment Program

Clients in a community-based methadone treatment program earned stars for attending counseling sessions as scheduled and for providing clean urines. These stars were later redeemed for contingent rewards (food or gas coupons or bus tokens) according to one of three randomly assigned reward schedules, including high reward (four stars per prize), low reward (eight stars per prize), or delayed reward (those who had to wait 3 months to earn a prize). Clients in the high-reward condition showed a pattern of increasing the number of stars earned for group sessions and clean urines across the 3-month intervention. All clients, independent of reward condition, attended significantly more group counseling sessions during the months that contingent reinforcers were available than in the months prior to, and after, the intervention. Finally, urinalysis data indicated that, in the postintervention period, high-reward clients had fewer dirty urines than did low-reward or delayed-reward clients. This study suggests that a simple system of recognizing client progress with stars and modest prizes for performing specific behaviors can be an effective tool in increasing clinic attendance rates and reducing positive urines.
Dynamic content-page identification for media-rich websites

Knowledge of the information goal of users is critical in website design, analyzing the efficacy of such designs, and in ensuring effective user-access to desired information. Determining the information goal is complex due to the subjective and latent nature of user information needs. This challenge is further exacerbated in media-rich websites since the semantics of media-based information is context-based and emergent. A critical step in determining information goals lies in the identification of content pages. These are the pages which contain the information the user seeks. We propose a method to automatically determine the content pages by taking into account the organization of the web site, the media-based information content, as well as the influence of a specific user browsing pattern. Given a specific browsing pattern, in our method, putative content pages are identified as the pages corresponding to the local minima of page-content entropy values. For an (unknown) user information goal this intuitively corresponds to modeling the progressive transition of the user from pages with generic information to those with specific information. Experimental investigations on media rich sites demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique and underline its potential in modeling user information needs and actions in a media-rich web.
Nonimmune fluorescent protein staining of neoplasms

Abstract The nonimmunospecific tissue binding of protein-fluorochrome conjugates has been investigated. Such binding was specific in attachment to benign tissue, excluding malignant tissue, when fluorescein or rhodamine isocyanate was use according to the method of Hughes and Louis (1959) . When fluorescein or rhodamine isothiocyanate was substituted, no such selectivity was demonstrated.
NMR investigations of 13C labeled alkyl modified silica

In liquid chromatography, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in solute interaction with bonded alkyl groups is a topic which continues to generate interest. The most commonly employed stationary phases are octyl and octyldecyl modified silicas. Such surfaces typically are synthesized via monoor trireactive silanes. In the past, the bonded groups on these surfaces have been viewed as rather rigid hydrophobic “arms” (1, 2). During the last few years, a more dynamic nature has been suggested (37). The lack of nonchromatographic evidence to support either of these views is clearly evident. Although nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy have been utilized to examine chemically modified phases (8, 9), such studies have been carried out under conditions which little resemble the chromatographic environment. In the case of NMR experiments, cross-polarization magic-angle spinning has been the technique used. Thus, the information obtained, although interesting, does not directly address solute-surface interaction where solvation plays a major role. Conventional 13C FT NMR has been used widely to investigate molecular dynamics and phase transitions. The application of this technique to chromatographic type surfaces has been limited due to problems of signal intensity and resonance width. Weak signals result from the low surface coverage typical of liquid chromatographic packings (5 to 10%) coupled with the low natural abundance of 13C nuclei. Broad resonances arise from hindered molecular mobility. These drawbacks may be overcome by selectively labeling individual methylene units in the attached hydrocarbon chains. Since sufficient enrichment produces a spectrum with a single resonance, an added advantage is that interpretation is simpler. Likewise, such experiments also may be carried out on low field instrumentation. Similar approaches have been reported by others to study the molecular motion of macromolecules and adsorbed species (10, II). The labeled alkylchlorosilanes given in the first column of Table 1 were synthesized as previously reported (12, 13). Chemical shift and percent enrichment information for the labeled carbon in the synthesized monomer also are included. The chemical shift values relative to TMS were collected in CDCl,. Chromatographic surfaces were prepared by reacting each of the labeled chlorosilane monomers with LiChrosorb SI-60 10 P silica using conditions described elsewhere