cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tunable digital frequency response equalization filters

Tunable digital frequency response equalization filters, which feature adjustable gain at specified frequencies while leaving the remainder of the spectrum unaffected, are advanced. The filter structure is such that the frequency response parameters are independently related to the multiplier coefficients, which permits simple frequency response adjustment by varying the coefficient values. The resulting structure exhibits low coefficient sensitivity characteristics.
Trainee Participation in an Annual Research Day Is Associated With Future Publications

Background: Residency training programs seek to train future clinicians but also to stimulate scholarly interests and develop future academic physicians. Purpose: The goal was to determine if participation in an annual departmental research day is associated with future academic productivity among pediatrics trainees. Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled all residents and fellows at our institution between 1985 and 2007. In 1985, our department began an annual Evening of Scholarship (EOS) at which both residents and fellows could voluntarily present submitted research and other scholarly work. We compared future academic productivity, measured by the number of future publications, between EOS participants and nonparticipants after controlling for confounding variables. Results: There were 526 unique participants included (residents n= 304 and fellows n= 222). Participants in EOS (n= 232) were more likely than nonparticipants to be male (53% vs. 30%, respectively, p< .001), be a fellow (63% vs...
The Concerted Nature of the Cyclization of Squalene Oxide to the Protosterol Cation

Concerted A-C ring formation: A concerted, but highly asynchronous, pathway was identified for the formation of rings A-C in the biosynthetic conversion of squalene oxide to the prosterol cation, with ring B being formed in the required boat conformation.
To T or Not to T: A Ballpark Assessment of the Costs and Benefits of Urban Rail Transportation

The debate over the costs and benefits of rail passenger transit is lively, deep, and often ideological. As with most polemical debates, the truth probably lies somewhere in the middle of extreme views. Some rail systems have benefits that outweigh their costs, while others do not. Applying a commonly used transit-fare price elasticity to 24 of the largest light and heavy rail systems in the United States and Puerto Rico, assuming a linear demand curve, and accounting for a counterfactual scenario, we find that just over half of the systems have net social benefits. Although Los Angeles’ rail system does not “pass” our back-of-the-envelope cost—benefit analysis, as the network expands, it will begin to mimic the regional spatial coverage and connectivity of its chief competitor—the auto-freeway system—and approach the fare recovery rates of other large, dense American cities.
Improving crime data sharing and analysis tools for a Web-based Crime Analysis Toolkit: WebCAT 2.2

WebCAT is a Web-based crime analysis toolkit that provides state-wide data sharing capabilities and crime analysis tools to all Virginia crime agencies in order to aid in forensics, crime prevention, and law enforcement. This paper describes the design, analysis, implementation, and testing of new capabilities for data sharing, geospatial and event analysis, and user interaction. Performance testing indicates that the new version, developed by the authors, provides increased speed of analysis and program navigation, an increased amount of crime data shared between Virginia jurisdictions, and an increased number of WebCAT analysis tools. Law enforcement agencies throughout the state can use the enhanced system to improve crime prediction and response, and consequently enhance safety for all Virginia residents.
Targeting BK (big potassium) Channels in Epilepsy

Introduction: Epilepsies are disorders of neuronal excitability characterized by spontaneous and recurrent seizures. Ion channels are critical for regulating neuronal excitability and, therefore, can contribute significantly to epilepsy pathophysiology. In particular, large conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels play an important role in seizure etiology. These channels are activated by both membrane depolarization and increased intracellular Ca2+. This unique coupling of Ca2+ signaling to membrane depolarization is important in controlling neuronal hyperexcitability, as outward K+ current through BKCa channels hyperpolarizes neurons. Areas covered: BKCa channel structure–function and the role of these channels in epilepsy pathophysiology. Expert opinion: Loss-of-function BKCa channel mutations contribute to neuronal hyperexcitability that can lead to temporal lobe epilepsy, tonic–clonic seizures and alcohol withdrawal seizures. Similarly, BKCa channel blockade can trigger seizures and status epil...
Low 1/f noise PMOS resistive mixer

This paper investigates the advantages of using PMOS devices for passive resistive mixer design. The experimental results presented in this paper demonstrate that PMOS mixers offer the advantage of higher signal to noise ratio at very low output frequencies. The significantly lower 1/f noise more than compensates for the higher conversion loss on PMOS mixer as compared to the NMOS mixer. The PMOS and NMOS resistive ring mixers were fully integrated in 0.25µm CMOS process. Both mixers exhibit very wide-band performance with RF return loss better than −10dB from 1 to 7 GHz, and high linearity with IP1dB and IIP3 better than 0 dBm and 10.5 dBm respectively over the entire bandwidth. The measured 1/f noise of the PMOS mixer is 6.3 dB lower than that of the NMOS mixer, resulting in over 3 dB better signal to noise ratio at very low output frequencies. This demonstrated the feasibility of using PMOS mixers for low 1/f noise and high linearity applications. In addition, compared to other published CMOS wide-band resistive mixers, both mixers achieve the best linearity over their entire RF bandwidth.
What's So Funny About Not Having Money? The Effects of Power on Laughter

Two studies tested the hypothesis that occupying a position of low power increases the likelihood of laughter, presumably as a means of gaining friends and supporters. In Study 1, participants laughed more at an interviewer's jokes when the interviewer controlled their cash rewards than in the absence of monetary contingencies. Study 2 found that low-power participants (manipulated again by expecting that someone else would decide their cash rewards) laughed more than high-power participants even when they were alone. Low power also increased laughing at a fellow low-power coworker. These findings suggest that low power motivates interest in making friends and hence increases behaviors that promote social bonding.
Classroom demonstrations with multiple modes: Virtual + reality = enhanced learning

Demonstrations can be very effective at engaging students, generating interest in a topic, and enhancing student learning. Demonstrations can occur at three different stages of a course topic: as an introduction, as a wrap-up and an aid used throughout the class discussion of a topic. A key component to an effective demonstration is active student engagement throughout the entire process. This means students are involved in discussing the purpose of the demo; predicting what will happen during the demo; discussing who developed theories to help us understand what happens during the demo; and comparing observations to predictions, as opposed to simply passively watching a demonstration. This paper presents a model for infusing demonstrations into an engineering science class and the use of this model during a semester. Demonstrations in this class incorporate both software simulation and physical models of dynamic systems. While physical models provide a concrete example, computer simulations allow the exploration of ldquowhat-ifrdquo scenarios and greater meta-cognitive activities. Assessment includes components from both faculty and students.
A partial ordering of discrete, memoryless channels

This paper is concerned with the structure of a partial ordering of discrete, memoryless communication channels. These are identified with equivalence classes of stochastic matrices into which the set of all stochastic matrices is partitioned by a relation of matrix inclusion. The relation carries over to channels and induces a partial ordering on them, having the property that if K_{1} and K_{2} are channels such that K_{1} includes K_{2} , then if a code exists for K_{2} , there exists a code for K_{1} , whose probability of error is never greater than that of the code for K_{2} . Results are derived which specify the equivalence classes of stochastic matrices corresponding to the binary and the symmetric channels and resolve the structure of the partial ordering between them.
Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia impairs angiogenesis in a murine model of limb ischemia.

Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia (HH) is an established independent risk factor for coronary, cerebral and peripheral vascular diseases. Recent studies have indicated that certain cardiovascular risk factors, including diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, impair expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endogenous angiogenesis. In this study, we investigate the impact of moderate HH on angiogen- esis and VEGF pathway in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. Upon induction of unilateral hindlimb ischemia, endogenous angiogenesis, expression of VEGF, and phosphorylation of the VEGF receptor Flk-1 were evaluated in mice heterozygous for a deletion of the cystathionine �-synthase gene (CBS) and compared with those observed in CBS�/� mice. CBS�/� mice exhibit moderate HH, as demonstrated by measuring plasma total homocyst(e)ine (tHcy) levels, which were significantly higher in these animals compared with CBS�/� mice (4.77 � 0.82 vs 2.10 � 0.28, p � 0.01). Twenty-eight days after induction of ischemia, hindlimb blood flow was significantly reduced in CBS�/� mice compared with CBS�/� animals (0.49 � 0.03, n � 12 vs 0.71 � 0.09, n � 10; p � 0.05). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between plasma homocyst(e)ine levels and the laser Doppler perfusion ratio in CBS�/� mice (p � 0.0087, r �� 0.7171). While VEGF expression and Flk-1 phosphorylation were not impaired in the ischemic muscles of CBS�/� mice, phos- phorylation of the endothelial cell survival factor Akt was significantly inhibited by homocyst(e)ine in a dose-dependent manner in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) in vitro. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that endogenous angiogenesis is inversely related to plasma levels of homocyst(e)ine in genetically engineered, heterozygous mice with moderate HH. This impairment, however, is not dependent on reduced expression of VEGF or impaired phosphorylation of its recep- tor Flk-1. In contrast, our data suggest that impaired Akt phosphorylation mediates the impairment of angiogenesis associated with HH.
The inaccuracy of simple visual interpretation for measurement of carotid stenosis by arteriography

Purpose To determine intraobserver and interobserver variability of carotid arteriography interpretation as well as the reliability of simple visual interpretation (SVI) or "eyeballing" of arteriography in the measurement of internal carotid artery stenoses. Methods Intraobserver and interobserver measurements of 200 carotid arteriograms were performed in a blinded fashion by two vascular surgeons (VS1 and VS2) using a digital caliber computer program similar to software available in catheterization laboratories. The distal normal internal carotid artery was used as a frame of reference. These computer-derived measurements were compared with previous SVI measurements, found by retrospective chart review, that were performed at the initial time of arteriography. Results Intraobserver agreement (VS1a vs VS1b and VS2a vs VS2b) within ±5% using the computer program was 94% and 92%. Interobserver agreement within ±5% using the computer program for the four possible combinations ranged from 43% to 48%. Interobserver agreement using the computer program increased to 83% to 88% for correct stenosis interpretation within ±20%. In the 16% to 49% category (by computer measurement), SVI would have placed the stenosis in a higher category 40% to 56% of the time. Likewise, in the 50% to 79% category, comparing SVI with the four different computer caliber measurements, SVI overestimated the stenosis to the 80% to 99% category by 30% to 44%. In the 80% to 99% category, SVI overestimated lesions in 27% to 51% of the cases. All occlusions seen on SVI correlated with computer program measurements. The computer readings in many cases downgraded the degree of carotid stenosis into a lower category and in some cases, may have led to a different treatment paradigm. SVI never underestimated carotid stenosis compared with all matched computer program measurements. Conclusions Compared with a method of objective measurement similar to that used in a catheterization laboratory, SVI overestimated most carotid artery stenoses. Given the coming era of carotid stenting and a renewed need for arteriography before carotid intervention, knowledge of variability and correct interpretation of carotid stenosis using available technology remains paramount to warranted treatment.
The diagnosis and definition of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Since June 1981, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been reported in over 10,000 individuals in the United States and in over 500 individuals from other countries. Epidemiologic evidence has suggested that a new transmissible agent is, at least in part, responsible. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) has defined this syndrome as the occurrence of opportunistic infections or Kaposi’s sarcoma in previously healthy individuals less than 60 years of age with no other underlying medical condition or therapy associated with immunodeficiency. This surveillance definition has been easily applied by clinicians from a variety of backgrounds and has been useful in monitoring the evolution of this epidemic at the national level. It has helped to define major risk groups in the population with approximately 95% of cases continuing to be restricted to homosexual or bisexual males, intravenous drug users, hemophiliacs. However, the full extent of this problem is undoubtedly underestimated by this definition.
Aerobic capacity, heart rate and estimated energy cost during women's competitive basketball.

Abstract In the present study the relative strenuousness of women's competitive basketball was evaluated in six members of the Queens College women's basketball team by use of the telemetered heart rate. Heart rates were obtained on each subject for at least one quarter during regularly scheduled games. Estimates of energy expenditure were obtained by applying each subject's activity heart rate to her heart rate-oxygen uptake curve established in the laboratory. Since the rules of women's basketball are in a state of change, measurements were obtained in both 5- and 6-player competition. In addition, changes in aerobic capacity over the season were evaluated by use of the maximum oxygen uptake test. It was concluded that: (a) Mean changes in body weight, Max [Vdot]O2, and maximum heart rate during the basketball season were not statistically significant. (b) Under playing conditions (actual play, out-of-bounds and foul shots) average heart rates ranged from 154 beats/min for a guard in a 6-player game to ...
Archiving the "Thing": Teatro da Vertigem's Bom Retiro 958 metros

An archive is a place, a thing/object, and a practice. But can “things” be archived at all, or do they rather belong to a world of endless transformation? Do “things” have a life of their own that exceeds the limits of the archive? A massive immersive performance, Bom Retiro 958 metros by Brazil’s theatre company Teatro da Vertigem, suggests that matter, although martyred by constant change and transformation, resists disappearance and calls into question what we presume remains, and what we assume disappears, from culture.
When to Attack The Trajectory of Congressional Campaign Negativity

While the study of the use of negative campaign tactics has been a prolific topic of scholarship, previous studies have been limited in their ability to test the dynamics of negativity over the cou...
Fitness Assays Reveal Incomplete Functional Redundancy of the HoxA1 and HoxB1 Paralogs of Mice

Gene targeting techniques have led to the phenotypic characterization of numerous genes; however, many genes show minimal to no phenotypic consequences when disrupted, despite many having highly conserved sequences. The standard explanation for these findings is functional redundancy. A competing hypothesis is that these genes have important ecological functions in natural environments that are not needed under laboratory settings. Here we discriminate between these hypotheses by competing mice (Mus musculus) whose Hoxb1 gene has been replaced by Hoxa1, its highly conserved paralog, against matched wild-type controls in seminatural enclosures. This Hoxb1A1 swap was reported as a genetic manipulation resulting in no discernible embryonic or physiological phenotype under standard laboratory tests. We observed a transient decline in first litter size for Hoxb1A1 homozygous mice in breeding cages, but their fitness was consistently and more dramatically reduced when competing against controls within seminatural populations. Specifically, males homozygous for the Hoxb1A1 swap acquired 10.6% fewer territories and the frequency of the Hoxb1A1 allele decreased from 0.500 in population founders to 0.419 in their offspring. The decrease in Hoxb1A1 frequency corresponded with a deficiency of both Hoxb1A1 homozygous and heterozygous offspring. These data suggest that Hoxb1 and Hoxa1 are more phenotypically divergent than previously reported and support that sub- and/or neofunctionalization has occurred in these paralogous genes leading to a divergence of gene function and incomplete redundancy. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of obtaining fitness measures of mutants in ecologically relevant conditions to better understand gene function and evolution.
Un gobierno europeo contra la austeridad

La primera vez fue durante la semana de las negociaciones que condujeron al historico acuerdo del 20 de febrero. Mas tarde, en estas ultimas semanas en Atenas, que tenian su propio drama, puesto que se realizarian a una serie de pagos, incluyendo uno muy importante, cuyo acreedor era el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI). Los cuales fueron, digamos, acontecimientos que se siguieron con distinto interes en todo el mundo y especialmente en los circulos financieros.
The effect of viscosity in a tracking regulation problem for a counter-flow heat exchanger

In this paper we consider a tracking problem for a counter-flow heat exchanger. Typical models assume that convection dominates so that diffusion can be ignored and the resulting model is defined by a hyperbolic PDE. When the flow velocity becomes small or zero this hyperbolic system becomes degenerate and controllability can be lost. We employ a full flux model, which can be viewed as a parabolic approximation to the hyperbolic equations, to address this issue and illustrate that the full flux model can be used for set point control and tracking even with zero flow.
The Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis and Related Brain Stress-Response Systems and Heroin

Abstract Addictions (including addiction to opiates, alcohol, or cocaine) are chronic relapsing brain diseases, caused by drug-induced direct effects and persistent neuroadaptations at the molecular, cellular, and behavioral levels. These drug-specific neuroadapations are contributed mainly by three factors: the environment (including stress), the drug-reinforcing effects, and genetics. Results from preclinical research in animal models and basic clinical research (including human genetic studies) have shown important interactions between opiate abuse and the stress-response systems. In this chapter, we discuss the dysregulation of the stress-responsive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in opiate addiction in “HPA Axis in Human Heroin Addiction and Rodent Models” section. Similar to alcohol and psychostimulants, opiates have direct or downstream effects on several brain stress-response systems, including vasopressin and its receptor system, along with corticotropin-releasing factor and its receptor system (Arginine Vasopressin and V1b Receptor Systems section), the endogenous opioid systems (proopiomelanocortin and the μ opioid receptor and dynorphin and the κ opioid receptor) (Endogenous Opioid Systems section), and orexin and its receptor system (Orexin and Dynorphin in the Lateral Hypothalamus section). Better understanding of these stress systems, through further laboratory-based and translational studies, has the potential to identify new treatment targets for the medical therapy of heroin addiction.
Urinary biomarker incorporation into the renal angina index early in intensive care unit admission optimizes acute kidney injury prediction in critically ill children: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND The inconsistent ability of novel biomarkers to predict acute kidney injury (AKI) across heterogeneous patients and illnesses limits integration into routine practice. We previously retrospectively validated the ability of the renal angina index (RAI) to risk-stratify patients and provide context for confirmatory serum biomarker testing for the prediction of severe AKI. METHODS We conducted this first prospective study of renal angina to determine whether the RAI on the day of admission (Day0) risk-stratified critically ill children for 'persistent, severe AKI' on Day 3 (Day3-AKI: KDIGO Stage 2-3) and whether incorporation of urinary biomarkers in the RAI model optimized AKI prediction. RESULTS A total of 184 consecutive patients (52.7% male) were included. Day0 renal angina was present (RAI ≥8) in 60 (32.6%) patients and was associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation (P = 0.04), higher number of organ failure days (P = 0.003) and increased mortality (P < 0.001) than in patients with absence of renal angina. Day3-AKI was present in 15/156 (9.6%) patients; 12/15 (80%) fulfilled Day0 renal angina. Incorporation of urinary biomarkers into the RAI model increased the specificity and positive likelihood, and demonstrated net reclassification improvement (P < 0.001) for the prediction of Day3-AKI. Inclusion of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin increased the area under the curve receiver-operating characteristic of RAI for Day3-AKI from 0.80 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58, 1.00] to 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.00). CONCLUSIONS We have now prospectively validated the RAI as a functional risk stratification methodology in a heterogeneous group of critically ill patients, providing context to direct measurement of novel urinary biomarkers and improving the prediction of severe persistent AKI.
Prejudice as a response to perceived group threat: population composition and anti-immigrant and racial prejudice in Europe

L'A. etudie la representation des prejudices. Il evalue la perception de la menace que les groupes subordonnes ferraient peser sur les groupes dominants. Il estime que les conditions economiques et l'importance des groupes subordonnes par rapport aux groupes dominants expliquent ce type de perception. Il note a partir de donneees europeennes des disparites entre les 12 sur ce plan precis. Cette perception de la menace « ethnique » expliquerait le sentiment de prejudice. L'A. invite aux vues de ses analyses a revoir celles du passe
Plasma ultrafiltrable magnesium in respiratory alkalosis and acidosis.

Summary(1) Ultrafiltrable magnesium shows a significant increase within 25 minutes after cessation of hyperventilation in dogs as compared to the sample taken during hyperventilation, whereas total magnesium showed no changes. (2) Total and ultrafiltrable magnesium showed no significant changes during respiratory acidosis, as compared to the initial sample. A significant decrease in level of ultrafiltrable magnesium after 25 minutes on return to air breathing, as compared to the sample taken during 30% CO2 breathing, was noted. A shift of magnesium ion intracellulary is a possible explanation. (3) The results obtained in in vitro experiments show that increased phosphate level and pH changes, under the conditions of the experiments, show no effect on ultrafiltrable magnesium level, in contrast to changes previously observed with respect to ultrafiltrable calcium.
Discussion On Converted Words in the Mars Collection

Converted words are a part of sentences and phrases in the book the Mars Collection . The book has made a special comment for the converted words in Zuan4, of JuanlO and mentioned it in other chapters . The author shows her own ideas from the usages, existing contradiction and other sides.
Numerical Simulation of Magnetic Flux Leakage Field of Heat-eTPhange Tube's Defect Based on 3D Finite Element

At present,magnetic flux leakage(MFL) technology was seldom applied on internal testing for heat-eTPhange tube.The principle of MFL testing of heat-eTPhange tube was introduced,also 3D finite element model(FEM) for MFL testing of heat-eTPhange tube was established.Based on the testing principle,the laws of distribution of the MFL field are achieved with FEM numerical simulation,which are influenced by many parameters,such as geometric size(depth and diameter),thickness of testing tube and supporting plate,etc.After that,the curves are obtained representing distribution of the MFL field to above parameters.The value of numerical calculation is the theory basis for heat eTPhange tube inspection with MFL technology,also plays important role in follow-up quantized analysis of defects.
A PDP Account of Transitions in Conceptual Development.

As children gain knowledge about the world, the organization of their conceptual knowledge becomes increasingly complex, as reflected by the successive emergence of sensitivity to different types of similarity over the course of development. At the start, when judging the similarity of two objects, infants rely on perceptual similarity. By age 3, children often make these judgments based on object co-occurrence, or thematic similarity. Finally, after ages 5-6, children reliably start to prefer taxonomic similarity. Though these phenomena have been well-studied, they are often explained by reference to separate mechanisms that are stipulated to come on-line at specific ages. We present a PDP model that learns from the structure of its environment and exhibits transitions in the relative salience of perceptual, thematic, and taxonomic similarity, as observed empirically, without any changes in its underlying learning mechanism or training environment.
Linking Social Anxiety with Social Competence in Early Adolescence: Physiological and Coping Moderators

Despite relatively universal feelings of discomfort in social situations, there is considerable evidence for diversity in the social behaviors and peer experiences of socially anxious youth. However, to date, very little research has been conducted with the aim of identifying factors that differentiate socially anxious youth who are more socially competent from those who are less socially competent. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by examining whether physiological and cognitive coping responses to social stress moderate the association between social anxiety and social competence. Participants were a community sample of 123 fifth and sixth graders (Mage = 12.03). Social anxiety was measured globally and in the context of a lab-based peer evaluation situation, and social competence was assessed via teacher-reports. Physiological (i.e., skin conductance level reactivity, SCLR, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity, RSAR) and coping (i.e., disengaged) responses to social stressors were also assessed. Results indicated that SCLR and disengaged coping with peer victimization moderated associations linking global and context-specific social anxiety with social competence, such that social anxiety was associated with lower social competence at lower levels of SCLR and higher levels of disengaged coping with peer victimization. Thus, whether socially anxious preadolescents exhibit more or less competent social behavior may depend, in part, on how they respond to peer-evaluative stress. Inflexible physiological responses and disengaged coping responses may undermine social competence, whereas engaged responses may counteract socially anxious preadolescents’ tendency to withdraw from social interactions or focus primarily on threat cues.
5-azacytidine induces transcriptome changes in Escherichia coli via DNA methylation-dependent and DNA methylation-independent mechanisms

Escherichia coli K-12 strains contain DNA cytosine methyltransferase (Dcm), which generates 5-methylcytosine at 5′CCWGG3′ sites. Although the role of 5-methylcytosine in eukaryotic gene expression is relatively well described, the role of 5-methylcytosine in bacterial gene expression is largely unknown. To identify genes that are controlled by 5-methylcytosine in E. coli, we compared the transcriptomes of cells grown in the absence and presence of the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine. We observed expression changes for 63 genes. The majority of the gene expression changes occurred at early stationary phase and were up-regulations. To identify gene expression changes due to a loss of DNA methylation, we compared the expression of selected genes in a wild-type and dcm knockout strain via reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Our data indicate that 5-azacytidine can influence gene expression by at least two distinct mechanisms: DNA methylation loss and a mechanism that is independent of DNA methylation loss. In addition, we have identified new targets of 5-methylcytosine-mediated regulation of gene expression. In summary, our data indicate that 5-azacytidine impacts the composition of the bacterial transcriptome, and the primary effect is increased gene expression at early stationary phase.
A retrospective evaluation of contrast‐induced kidney injury in dogs (2006–2012)

Objective To evaluate a population of dogs for evidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Design A retrospective case review between 2006 and 2012. Setting A university teaching hospital. Animals A total of 1,217 client-owned dogs that were administered intravenous iodinated contrast agents were reviewed for evidence of CIN. Inclusion required a measured serum creatinine within 1 week prior as well as within 1 week following administration of contrast. Eighty-six dogs with 92 contrast administrations qualified for inclusion. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results CIN was defined as an increase in >44.2 μmol/L (0.5 mg/dL) from baseline creatinine concentration within 1 week following administration of an intravenous iodinated contrast agent. A total of 7.6% of contrast administrations (7/92) fulfilled the definition of CIN. The creatinine postcontrast administration as well as the change in creatinine concentration was significantly higher in the CIN group than in the non-CIN group (median postcreatinine 150 μmol/L [1.7 mg/dL] versus 70.7 μmol/L [0.8 mg/dL], median change in creatinine 53 μmol/L [0.6 mg/dL] versus 0 μmol/L). Patient signalment, initial creatinine, number of total contrast administrations, dose of contrast received, duration of anesthesia, IV fluid administration, administration of nephrotoxic agents, and use or vasopressor therapy were not significantly different between groups. Conclusions The temporal association between contrast administration and renal injury in these cases highlights the potential for CIN in dogs. Due to the retrospective nature of this study, a causal association between contrast administration and renal injury cannot be determined. A prospective study is needed to further evaluate CIN in dogs.
Field modulation in heavily-doped thin-body p+InGaAs for tunnel FETs

As dimensions of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) are reduced, short-channel effects become the fundamental limitation. Recently, the interband tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) has been proposed as a possible candidate for the next generation switch because of its intrinsic low subthreshold swing, low off-state leakage, and low static power dissipation [1]. In one of its realization schemes [2], field modulation of a heavily doped thin-body channel is required, sweeping the Fermi level in the channel above and below the valence band edges (for p+ channel and conduction band for n+ channel). In this work, we investigated the field modulation in p+InGaAs using atomic layer deposition (ALD) oxides as gate dielectrics. InGaAs was chosen as the channel material for its' small bandgap and carrier effective mass [3].
Complementing Operating Room Teaching With Video-Based Coaching.

Importance Surgical expertise demands technical and nontechnical skills. Traditionally, surgical trainees acquired these skills in the operating room; however, operative time for residents has decreased with duty hour restrictions. As in other professions, video analysis may help maximize the learning experience. Objective To develop and evaluate a postoperative video-based coaching intervention for residents. Design, Setting, and Participants In this mixed methods analysis, 10 senior (postgraduate year 4 and 5) residents were videorecorded operating with an attending surgeon at an academic tertiary care hospital. Each video formed the basis of a 1-hour one-on-one coaching session conducted by the operative attending; although a coaching framework was provided, participants determined the specific content collaboratively. Teaching points were identified in the operating room and the video-based coaching sessions; iterative inductive coding, followed by thematic analysis, was performed. Main Outcomes and Measures Teaching points made in the operating room were compared with those in the video-based coaching sessions with respect to initiator, content, and teaching technique, adjusting for time. Results Among 10 cases, surgeons made more teaching points per unit time (63.0 vs 102.7 per hour) while coaching. Teaching in the video-based coaching sessions was more resident centered; attendings were more inquisitive about residents’ learning needs (3.30 vs 0.28,P = .04), and residents took more initiative to direct their education (27% [198 of 729 teaching points] vs 17% [331 of 1977 teaching points],P Conclusions and Relevance Video-based coaching is a novel and feasible modality for supplementing intraoperative learning. Objective evaluation demonstrates that video-based coaching may be particularly useful for teaching higher-level concepts, such as decision making, and for individualizing instruction and feedback to each resident.
NOTES Hernia Repair

Hernias are one of the most commonly treated general surgical problems, with over 20 million procedures per year. Despite the frequency of occurrence, modern techniques remain troubled by long-term recurrence and chronic pain syndromes postoperatively. Innovative techniques such as employing a natural orifice approach to the abdomen have the potential to reduce some of the concerns about current hernia operations. While there are scattered case reports about human NOTES hernia repairs, there has been an abundance of animal work demonstrating safety and feasibility. Work remains before widespread adoption of such a technique could take place.
Is Guillain Barré Syndrome Likely in This Patient

Sunitinib malate (Sutent, SU011248) is an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for treatment of renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. We report a case of a patient who developed Guillain-Barre syndrome after initial treatment with sunitinib, with recurrent symptoms upon reintroducing the drug. This is the first report of such an effect. The literature on chemotherapy-induced Guillain-Barre syndrome is also reviewed. Oncology providers should be aware of this rare but potentially serious possible adverse effect of sunitinib.
From Cellular Electrophysiology to Electrocardiography

Since many cardiac pathologies manifest themselves at the cellular and molecular levels, extrapolation to clinical variables, such as the electrocardiogram (ECG), would prove invaluable to diagnosis and treatment. One ultimate goal of the cardiac modeler is to integrate cellular level detail with quantitative properties of the ECG (a property of the whole heart). This magnificent task is not unlike a forest ranger attempting to document each leaf in a massive forest. Both the modeler and ranger need to place fundamental elements in the context of a broader landscape. But now, with the recent genome explosion, the modeler needs to examine the “leaves” at even much greater molecular detail. Fortunately, the rapid explosion in computational power allows the modeler to span the details of each molecular “leaf” to the “forest” of the whole heart. Thus, cardiac modeling is beginning to span the spectrum from DNA to the ECG, from nucleotide to bedside.
Freud’s Rejection of Hypnosis, Part I: The Genesis of a Rift

Modern psychoanalysis begins with Sigmund Freud's study of hypnosis and the treatment of the grand hysterics of the fin de siecle. In the process of developing his own paradigm, Freud came to reject the use of hypnosis and turned his attention away from the severe hysterias. These decisions began what has become, notwithstanding noteworthy exceptions, over a century of estrangement and disengagement between the fields of hypnosis and psychoanalysis. The current communication reviews the 75 archived Psychoanalytic Electronic Publishing resources from Freud's scientific work and correspondence in which reference is made to hypnosis. A close examination of Freud's stated rationales for abandoning hypnosis suggests that both the ideas he developed and the rift between hypnosis and psychoanalysis that they created may prove to have been problematic as well as innovative. They and their consequences merit thoughtful review and critical reconsideration.
Motives of the Serial Killer

For many people, social scientists and laymen alike, serial murderers have been summarily relegated to the realm of evil. The very existence of serial killers1 turns up the rhetoric on evil. Why would someone be motivated to kill repeatedly if not as a manifestation of some evil force? However, just as we observe the behaviors of most serial killers to be “crazy”—yet not most killers themselves- we find ourselves in a similar position with respect to the evil of their deeds. While we may describe the series of killings as evil, the perpetrators are of decidedly human substance. Their “evil” is borne of their willful intent to destroy human life. Serial murderers do not inhabit a kind of “otherness,” but rather reveal extreme aspects of our very selves. My own experiences with them have taught me to accept them -but not what they do-unconditionally, as human beings. This permits a window into their killings; and access to a comprehensibility with regard to their motives.
Photobiology of RNA Viruses

Studies on the photochemistry and photobiology of viruses have paralleled studies on their structure, replication, and genetic organization. Nonionizing radiation, because of its relative specificity of action, has served as a dissecting tool in many types of investigations.
Is Oral Temperature an Accurate Measurement of Deep Body Temperature? A Systematic Review

Context: Oral temperature might not be a valid method to assess core body temperature. However, many clinicians, including athletic trainers, use it rather than criterion standard methods, such as ...
The Future of Women in Aviation: Trends in Participation in Postsecondary Aviation Education

THE FUTURE OF WOMEN IN AVU TION: TRENDS IN PARTICIPA TION IN POSTSECONDARY A VU TION EDUCA TION David C. Ison Abstract The purpose of this research was to evaluate the trends in participation by women in postsecondary aviation programs in the United States both at the student and faculty levels. Data concerning the number of students who completed baccalaureate degrees in aviation was collected via the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). It was found that 560 (10.5%) students among the 5,355 total that completed a degree in an aviation related field in 2007 were female. Also, of 434 full-time aviation faculty members employed at 74 different aviation programs meeting the criteria of this study, 35 (8.1%) were found to be female. 84 faculty were identified in an academic leadership positions and of these individuals, 10 (1 1.9%) were women. These participation rates were found to be higher than those found among the aircraft pilot population and in the aviation industry in general. The level of involvement of women in aviation higher education in recent years has shown no significant improvement among students, however, there has been a small increase among faculty in comparison to the findings of four out of five previous studies. Over the past three decades, the enrollments of women in postsecondary education have grown significantly. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the percentage of undergraduate students who are women grew fiom 42.3 in 1970 to 56.1 in 2000 (U.S. Department of Education, 2004). By 2005 this number had risen further to 57.4% (National Center for Education Statistics, 2008). These figures, however, are averages across all majors and fields of study. Historically, though, there have been certain subjects in which women have lagged such as in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields (Turney, 2004; Babco, 2003). In particular, women have consistently been underrepresented throughout the aviation industry (Hedge, 2007). The importance ofdiversity in higher education has been highlighted by a variety of research (Fassinger, 2008; Umbach, 2006; Lockwood, 2005; Turney, et al, 2002; Willdorf, 2000; Brinson and Kottler, 1993; Luedtke, 1993). Thus an assortment of programs and initiatives has been undertaken over the years to improve women and minority representation in general and
Microalbuminuria in acute burn injury.

Microalbuminuria is a known finding in inflammatory states. We hypothesized that urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) would correlate with injury severity and resuscitation demands after acute burns. This pilot study evaluated 30 adults admitted within 12 hours of injury with burns ≥10% total body surface area burn injury (TBSA). The urinary ACR was calculated for each patient at 7 to 12 hours, 19 to 24 hours, and 43 to 48 hours following burn injury. Microalbuminuria was defined as a urinary ACR ≥20 mg/g. Study patients (23 males, 7 females) had a mean age of 42.9 + 14.0 years and a median TBSA burn injury of 18.8%. Inhalation injury was present in 10 of the study patients, and all patients with inhalation injury had microalbuminuria at the time of admission. One study patient died. Median time from burn injury to resuscitation was 30 hours, and the median fluid requirement was 4.2 ml/kg/%TBSA. Microalbuminuria was not uniformly present in burn-injured patients during the first 48 hours after injury. ACR values early in the hospital course correlated with higher lactate concentrations early after burn injury. However, ACR correlated with neither injury severity nor resuscitation demands after burn injury during any studied time range. Microalbuminuria does not have apparent clinical utility in burn-injured patients, and other markers of injury severity and resuscitation demands should be sought.
Comparing the Health of Relocated Public Housing Residents and Current Residents of a Historically Black Community: The Moderating Role of Social Cohesion:

This study examined the effects of public housing relocation on the physical and mental health and overall self-reported health status of relocated residents. As a contrast, health outcomes of relo...
Anthology for Hearing Form: Musical Analysis With and Without the Score

Hearing Form: Musical Analysis With and Without the Score is a complete course package for undergraduate courses on musical forms, with comprehensive coverage from the Baroque to the Romantic. Placing emphasis on listening, it teaches students to analyze music both with and without the use of a score, covering phrase endings and cadences, harmonic sequence types, modulations, formal sections, and musical forms. Hearing Form is supported by a workbook, its own full-score anthology, and a companion website containing an instructor’s manual, test bank, audio streaming of recordings for the pieces in the anthology, and downloadable sound files. The second edition has been updated to include: Additional score-based exercises More music of the Romantic era and more vocal music New scores included in the Anthology, with twice as many composers represented With an engaging and practical approach informed by recent scholarship, Hearing Form enables students to recognize musical elements both by sight and by ear. Please note: this is the Hearing Form anthology only. For the Hearing Form textbook, order ISBN 978-1-138-92968-5. For the textbook and anthology set, order ISBN 978-1-138-90069-1.
Unique characteristics of optical coherence tomography (OCT) results and visual acuity testing in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody positive pediatric patients.

Abstract Background Optic nerve involvement in anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated syndrome (MOG ab syndrome) tends to have unique features. Few studies have reported optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures like retinal nerve fiber layer thickness findings in the setting of pediatric MOG ab syndrome. Objectives The aim of this study is to compare visual acuity between MOG ab positive and MOG ab negative pediatric cohorts and examine correlations with OCT findings. Methods We included outpatients less than 18 years of age who had optic neuritis (ON) of at least one eye and who completed visual testing and OCT in the study. ON was defined based on clinical or OCT findings. Antibody testing was obtained using cell-based assay. The primary analyses of interest investigated differences in low-contrast visual acuity stratified by the defined RNFL ranges and by antibody positivity. Results We analyzed 28 eyes from 14 anti-MOG ab patients (MOG-ON cohort), 18 eyes from 9 anti-AQP4 ab (AQP4-ON cohort) patients and 26 eyes from 13 patients who tested negative for both the antibodies (seronegative ON cohort). MOG-ON eyes with zero reported clinical events had lower RNFL thickness, than the minimum RNFL thickness of either the seronegative-ON or AQP4-ON eyes with zero clinical attacks in most retinal segments. Within the lowest range of the RNFL (RNFL Conclusions Patients with anti-MOG antibody mediated CNS disorders can suffer from subclinical ON events with significant reductions in RNFL. Despite equally significant damage to the optic nerve, MOG-Ab positive patients have relatively preserved visual acuity.