cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PERSUASIVE REASONING AND DEFECTIVE ACTION1

The idea that the operations of the mind are carried out discursively, even linguistically, has won wide acceptance among contemporary Thomists. What has not been explored, however, is the role of persuasion in motivating the actions of the intellect and will. This paper explores the possibility that some form of persuasive discourse is employed by the mind to move the intellect and will to precipitate action. Drawing on essentialism as a foundational ontology, I offer a prefatory theory of persuasive reasoning- 'natural rhetoric' - to explain how it is that we persuade ourselves (and others) to do things, including things that are defective.
War, Resisting the West, and Women's Labor: Toward an Understanding of Arab Exceptionalism

Countries with Muslim-majority populations often are viewed as places where women are particularly oppressed. To a degree, this perception reflects reality. Fish (2002) demonstrates that, relative to Catholic countries, Muslim countries are associated with larger male–female literacy gaps, higher male–female population sex ratios (which can reflect poorer treatment of females), and lower scores on the United Nations Development Program's (UNDP's) Gender Empowerment Measure, which focuses on political participation, economic influence, and income. Looking at the developing world, Cherif (2010) finds that Muslim countries are associated with inheritance and nationality laws that are discriminatory toward women. Some suggest that Islam itself is responsible for limitations on women's economic, political, and social freedoms. Whether referring to the substance of Islamic (shari'a) law, which treats men and women differently, or to the ways in which politicians defer to conservative interpretations of shari'a law in order to build and/or consolidate their legitimacy, or to contemporary regimes' need to appease (or at least not inflame) important Islamist constituencies who favor a subordinate role for women, many accounts of gender inequality in Muslim countries assert that “prevailing interpretations of Islamic law . . . and the attitudes it informs” are a key culprit (Cherif 2010, 1145).
How Research Funding Organizations can Increase Application of Science to Decision-Making

The Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology (CICEET) is a small competitive research program established to develop innovative science and technology to address estuarine environmental pollution and habitat degradation. To determine if and why the science we funded was being applied to mitigate these issues, we collected data from projects’ principal investigators and the intended users of their science through surveys, interviews, and progress reports. In a professionally facilitated focus group, we explored whether CICEET was organized to support the application of the science we funded. The results indicated that about a third of our investments were used to address a coastal management problem. Research was applied when the users’ trusted that the science was relevant to their work, when technologies were demonstrated, and when effective outreach occurred. The results also suggested that funding agencies could increase the likelihood of application through linking rese...
220 Hair cortisol is a reliable marker of maternal and fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity throughout pregnancy

fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity throughout pregnancy M Camille Hoffman, Kimberly D’Anna-Hernandez, Randal Ross, Mark Laudenslager University of Colorado, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Denver, CO, University of Colorado, Psychiatry, Denver, CO, California State University, Psychology, San Marcos, CA OBJECTIVE: Studies using various HPA axis markers have been inconclusive as to critical times in gestation where stress is detrimental and the appropriate biomarker with which to assess perinatal stress. Maternal salivary cortisol assessment appears promising, yet data collection requires that subjects comply with multiple precise time points. Additionally, no non-invasive marker of fetal cortisol status currently exists. The objective of this study was to determine whether maternal and fetus cortisol levels could be assessed via human hair, a stable means to access chronic HPA axis function. STUDY DESIGN: Cortisol levels were determined from the hair and saliva of 30 healthy women 3 times points in pregnancy: 15-18 and 27-30 weeks, and postpartum. Saliva was assessed 4times/day for 3 consecutive days. Neonatal hair cortisol levels were assessed post-delivery, representing cortisol deposited in utero. Maternal perception of stress was measured at each time point. RESULTS: Hair and salivary cortisol levels increased over the course of gestation. Pearson’s correlations were used to examine hair cortisol levels vs. area under the curve salivary cortisol, with significance in the 2nd and 3rd trimester (R2 0.47, 0.58; p 0.04, 0.01, respectively). Neonatal cortisol levels were higher than maternal hair cortisol levels postpartum (185.9 71.2pg/mg vs. 13.1 13.3pg/mg, p 0.001). Subject compliance with salivary cortisol collection was poorer than hair collection. No significant correlations were noted between hair or salivary cortisol and maternal perception of stress. CONCLUSION: Hair is a valid and useful tool to measure cortisol and long-term maternal and fetal HPA axis function during pregnancy. Determination of neonatal hair cortisol immediately postpartum provides a non-invasive assessment of fetal cortisol status. This method of cortisol assessment is useful in determining critical periods of stress exposure during pregnancy for mothers and babies.
Who buys what? Who does that? The case of Golden Week in Hawaii:

The purpose of this case study is to explore demographic, motivation, and consumption behaviours among Japanese tourists during Golden Week. Data for this study came from questionnaires collected f...
Assessment of Upper Extremity Postures in Novice and Expert during Simulated Carpentry Tasks

Research has shown differences in working postures between experts and novices for lifting tasks, though there is limited research on upper extremity postural differences between experts and novices. This study quantified upper extremity postural differences between novices and experts while completing two simulated finished carpentry tasks: deck building and picket installation. A 16 camera, motion capture system was used to track upper extremity posture for 21 expert and 21 novice participants while performing 15 minute laboratory task simulations. A biomechanical model, built in AnyBody Modeling System, was used to extract seven different joint postures for wrist, elbow, and shoulder. In general, experts assumed more neutral postures, thereby reducing injury risk associated with non-neutral postures, though task, as expected, dictated the working posture assumed. The picket installation task imposed higher levels of non-neutral wrist and elbow postures; while the deck building imposed higher levels of ...
A Mixed-Methods Model for Educational Evaluation

After a brief review of recent federal education legislation, in particular the No Child Left Behind Act, we present a model for educational assessment that does more than focus upon high-stakes testing. This model of educational assessment represents a mixed methods approach that school districts can adopt to assist them in becoming more proactive with respect to assessment. It utilizes both qualitative and quantitative research methods, is an example of participatory action research, and demonstrates the value of this mixed methods approach to assessment. Utilizing this model gives a district a sense of empowerment and control and, most important, provides a better understanding of the real issues and challenges that a school district faces. It provides school districts with an accurate assessment of the quality their schools by utilizing a comprehensive and longitudinal perspective that accurately reflects how successful the district is in educating its students.
Rethinking Community Economic Development

In this article, the authors present arguments for a more interdisciplinary approach to community economic development. Building an alternative paradigm that includes six elements—resources, markets, institutions, society, decision making, and space—they rethink the framework that links economic theory to the practice of community economic development. Major attention is paid to the integration of economic and noneconomic factors in the practice of community economic development. In the end, the goal of this new paradigm is to more directly link the practice of community economic development to its solid interdisciplinary theoretical foundation.
Change analysis in an architectural model: a design rationale based approach

The architectural model of a system provides a high level description that enables compositional design and analysis of component-based systems. This paper focuses on the problem of evaluation and management of change in an architectural model of the system and presents a design rationale (DR) based approach to such a problem. We consider the types of design rationale knowledge relevant to architectural decisions and describe an initial prototype environment for capture and usage of such knowledge in analysis of change
Effect of a sudden infant death syndrome risk reduction education program on risk factor compliance and information sources in primarily black urban communities.

Background. In the US, a higher incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and a slower decline in the incidence of SIDS has been found among blacks when compared with white infants. The continued racial disparity in SIDS is thought to be attributable to lack of compliance with SIDS risk reduction recommendations. Objectives. To better understand the disparities in SIDS risk reduction behaviors, we sought to study compliance and information sources related to SIDS among primarily black communities in a city with a high SIDS incidence rate before and after a targeted educational campaign. Design. Pre- and post-SIDS Risk Reduction Education Program telephone surveys were performed in targeted Chicago communities with at least 86% blacks. Data collection for Survey 1 was from September 22 to November 4, 1999. Data collection for Survey 2 was from November 17, 2001, to January 12, 2002, 24 months after the aggressive implementation of a comprehensive, ethnically sensitive risk reduction program. Results. Survey 1 analyzed data from 480 mothers with an infant Conclusions. The Surveys indicate the greatest impact of the SIDS risk factor educational initiative targeted at black communities was changing behaviors regarding safe sleep locations by reducing the incidence of infants placed for nighttime and daytime sleep in adult beds, sofas, or cots. Although these data indicate considerable progress as a result of the targeted educational initiative, our findings suggest that cultural explanations for specific infant care practices must be more clearly understood to close the gap between SIDS risk factor compliance and apparent knowledge about SIDS risk factors.
Fast Multipliers for Number Theoretic Transforms

When digital filters are implemented with number theoretic transforms (NTT's), the bulk of the computation usually corresponds to multiplications in residue arithmetic. We show that, with the most commonly used NTT's, multiplication can be speeded up at the expense of small additional storage requirements.
The role of affect in knowledge transfer.

In two experimental studies of two-party information sharing, we demonstrate that affective state plays a role in the knowledge-transfer process. Study 1 (N 108 MBA students) found that affective state has a larger impact on those in need of knowledge (“receivers”) than on those in possession of knowledge (“senders”), with elated/happy receivers more likely than angry/frustrated receivers to absorb and act on new information. Study 2 (N 180 undergraduates) replicated this finding and also demonstrated that having receivers and senders in the same high-arousal affective state as each other (affective congruence) enhances knowledge transfer, regardless of whether the affective state is positive (elated/happy) or negative (angry/frustrated). These findings help fill an important gap in the literature regarding the influence of affect on knowledge transfer in groups.
Cell cycle development

The Keystone Symposium on the Cell Cycle and Development brought together biologists with an interest in how cell cycle control is integrated into the ontogenetic program of multicellular organisms, and showcased research using a wide variety of systems from both animals and plants. A clear indication from the meeting is that this research is changing the conventional wisdom on both cell cycle control and development.
FcγRIIB1/SHIP-mediated Inhibitory Signaling in B Cells Involves Lipid Rafts

One type of membrane microdomain, enriched in glycosphingolipids and cholesterol and referred to as lipid rafts, has been implicated in the generation of activating signals triggered by a variety of stimuli. Several laboratories, including ours, have recently demonstrated that the B cell receptor (BCR) inducibly localizes to the rafts upon activation and that functional lipid rafts are important for BCR-mediated "positive" signaling. In the later phases of the immune response, coligation of the BCR and the inhibitory receptor Fc gamma RIIB1 leads to potent inhibition of BCR-induced positive signaling through the recruitment of the inositol phosphatase SHIP to Fc gamma RIIB1. One potential model is that the Fc gamma RIIB1 itself might be excluded from the rafts basally and that destabilization of raft-dependent BCR signaling might be part of the mechanism for the Fc gamma RIIB1-mediated negative regulation. We tested this hypothesis and observed that preventing BCR raft localization is not the mechanism for this inhibition. Surprisingly, a fraction of Fc gamma RIIB1 is constitutively localized in the rafts and increases further after BCR + FcR coligation. SHIP is actively recruited to lipid rafts under negative stimulation conditions, and the majority of Fc gamma RIIB1-SHIP complexes localize to lipid rafts compared with non-raft regions of the plasma membrane. This suggested that this negative feedback loop is also initiated in the lipid rafts. Despite its basal localization to the rafts, Fc gamma RIIB1 did not become phosphorylated after BCR alone cross-linking and did not colocalize with the BCR that moves to rafts upon BCR engagement alone (positive signaling conditions), perhaps suggesting the existence of different subsets of rafts. Taken together, these data suggest that lipid rafts play a role in both the positive signaling via the BCR as well as the inhibitory signaling through Fc gamma RIIB1/SHIP.
The fate of nitrogen in the Orbulina universa foraminifera-symbiont system determined by nitrogen isotope analyses of shell-bound organic matter

To trace the flow of nitrogen through the foraminifera‐symbiont system, juvenile specimens of the symbiontbearing planktonic foraminifera, Orbulina universa were collected by SCUBA divers off the coast of Santa Catalina Island, California, and grown in filtered seawater solutions spiked with 15 N-labeled nitrate. Our work isolated each pathway of this symbiotic system to determine the amount of nitrogen translocated to the foraminifera from its endosymbionts and its captured diet. Our model results show that when the nitrate uptake by the symbionts is at a maximum, between 50 and 57% of the foraminiferal nitrogen was translocated from the symbionts and the remainder was derived from the captured diet. In nitrate-deficient environments, when the symbiont nitrate uptake was at a minimum, ;90‐100% of the nitrogen was transferred to the foraminifer by the symbionts from the recycled nitrogen (NH ) pool. In nitrate-deficient conditions, the primary role of the captured diet may be to provide the system with 1 4 phosphorous. Highly efficient nutrient use is particularly important to the foraminifera‐symbiont system, especially when nutrient concentrations are low. The results indicate a limited correlation between the isotopic composition of the NO in the culture solutions and the d 15 N values of the )
Emotion regulation strategies that promote learning: reappraisal enhances children's memory for educational information.

The link between emotion regulation and academic achievement is well documented. Less is known about specific emotion regulation strategies that promote learning. Six- to 13-year-olds (N = 126) viewed a sad film and were instructed to reappraise the importance, reappraise the outcome, or ruminate about the sad events; another group received no regulation instructions. Children viewed an educational film, and memory for this was later assessed. As predicted, reappraisal strategies more effectively attenuated children’s self-reported emotional processing. Reappraisal enhanced memory for educational details relative to no instructions. Rumination did not lead to differences in memory from the other instructions. Memory benefits of effective instructions were pronounced for children with poorer emotion regulation skill, suggesting the utility of reappraisal in learning contexts.
Surgering the equatorial immersion in law dimensions

More examples of immersions with one 0-dimensional multiple point are given in three and four space. Given an immersion in four space with one 0-dimensional multiple point, a geometric obstruction to finding an immersion in five space with the same property is given. A series of proposed geometric constructions is given. Completing each of these constructions will lead to further insight to Eccles's theorem and the Kervaire invariant problem.
Boston KPRO Type I: Outcomes

Keratoprosthesis has been used in adults since the mid-twentieth century. In early comparisons between PKs and KPros, the failure rate of PKs in high-risk patients can approach to 56 % at 3 years. However, with the advent of the Boston type I device, the outcomes of artificial keratoprosthesis implantation improved greatly. Best visual outcomes can be achieved in much less time with faster improvements overall. Complications include recurrent epithelial defects, retroprosthetic membranes, glaucoma, and a lifelong risk of endophthalmitis. There are multiple ways to prophylactically avoid these complications. In 2003, following the favorable experiences with the Boston KPro type 1 device in adults, the first infant keratoprosthesis procedure was performed. Because implantation of Boston type I keratoprostheses is still a balance between faster recovery and possible vision-threatening complications, is still an option even for people with poor prognosis, and necessitates a multidisciplinary approach and careful long-term follow-up.
Neurobehavioral Disorders and Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

Abstract The human fetus is an active participant in its own development by integrating information received from its maternal host into its neurodevelopmental program to prepare for life after birth. Because the fetal nervous system develops at precise times and in a specific sequence from conception to birth, disruption by intrauterine events in the timing or sequence of brain development results in tissue remodeling. Depending on the timing of the disruption, the function and physiological capacity of the remodeled brain is affected throughout the lifespan. Evidence from prospective and retrospective studies supports the conclusion that fetal exposures to maternal signals of psychobiological stress or being born small or early are associated with increased risk for behavioral disorders and alterations in brain structures in children and adults. A range of early-life exposures results in similar neurobehavioral “programs” suggesting a common neural mechanism. Alteration in dendritic tree complexity is one plausible mechanism that mediates the relation between fetal exposure to stress and neurobehavioral programming.
The Value Proposition for Individuals and the Public

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 represents the single most important piece of healthcare legislation since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965. When fully implemented, the law will extend insurance coverage to over 30 million Americans who had previously lacked insurance while also reforming the market for individual and small group insurance. Those who are unable to obtain health insurance through their employers will now have reliable options for obtaining insurance on their own. Although many object to some of its provisions, the Act achieves major accomplishments by extending health coverage to millions of Americans, enacting much needed reforms of private insurance market and putting in place numerous provisions that over time represent the best options of controlling the inexorable growth in the costs of providing health care to US citizens. Moreover, the status quo that many long for is likely an illusion, as accelerating rates of loss of private insurance coverage that had been present prior to enactment would likely have continued unabated.
Epileptiform Discharges With In-Vivo-Like Features in Slices of Rat Piriform Cortex With Longitudinal Association Fibers

Brain slices serve as useful models for the investigation of epilepsy. However, the preparation of brain slices disrupts circuitry and severs axons, thus complicating efforts to relate epileptiform...
Extreme ecology and mating system: Discriminating among direct benefits models in red flour beetles

We address the adaptive significance of female remating in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, a model system with an extreme mating system of little-to-no premating discrimination and rapid remating. In light of their specific ecology: the occupation of dried grain stores with no use of liquid water, we tested predictions of 4 nonmutually exclusive hypotheses addressing direct benefits that females may receive from mating: 1) topping off of sperm, 2) oviposition-stimulating seminal plasma, 3) ejaculate-derived nutrition, or 4) hydration by the ejaculate. By examining the female fitness consequences of exposure to differing humidity and nutrition environments and exposure to males manipulated to deliver different ejaculate products during mating, we found strong support only for the ejaculate hydration hypothesis. We also investigated the effects of promiscuity on males and found evidence that providing moisture in the ejaculate is costly. This is in contrast to the frequently found pattern of sexual antagonism in which males benefit from an elevated mating rate at a cost to female fitness. We found no evidence that short-term exposure to different humidity conditions influences either female remating behavior or male competitive fertilization success. We consider the role of T. castaneum’s ecology and mechanisms of postcopulatory sexual selection on the evolution of its mating system.
Evidence for Low Residue Diet in the Management of Gastrointestinal Related Conditions

The low residue diet is commonly recommended for pre-colonoscopy bowel preparation as well as in the management of some gastrointestinal conditions including inflammatory bowel disease. There is no...
Mechanism Study of Impact Wave in Impinging Jets Atomization

The physical mechanism of impact wave and mixing process in the atomization of impinging jets are computationally investigated. Using an accurate adaptive solver for surface-tension-driven interfacial flows, the simulations are found to agree well with experiment data for both wavelength of impact wave and droplet size distribution. The formation of impact wave is studied by analyzing velocity profiles and vortices contours of liquid sheet formed by impinging jets. It shows that the impact wave is caused by the interfacial shear stress which forms the capillary waves on the two sides. The interaction of waves on the two sides forces the liquid sheet to resonate at natural frequency. The effect of impact wave to mixing process of both miscible and immiscible impinging jets is also addressed.
Late Progression of Poliomyelitis Paralysis: Discussion of Pathogenesis

Progression of weakness and muscle atrophy may be seen years after paralytic poliomyelitis. This paralysis probably results from physiologic and aging changes rather than from persistent infection. Nevertheless, persistent neural infection with polioviruses can occur in animals and humans.
Effects of chloramphenicol on incorporation of glycine-2-C14 into mammalian tumor cell proteins and purines.

SummaryThe effects of 2 of the isomers of chloramphenicol, one the antibiotic, the other inactive toward bacteria, were tested on 2 in vitro systems consisting of mouse ascites tumor cells. In Ehrlich carcinoma cells the antibiotic isomer inhibited the incorporation of glycine-2-C14 into protein and nucleic acid purines. The other isomer inhibited incorporation into the purines to the same extent, but did not appreciably affect entry into proteins. In lymphosarcoma cells (6C3HED), both isomers were equally effective in inhibiting the incorporation into proteins and purines. Incorporation into guanine was inhibited much more than into adenine. It is suggested that this might indicate tumor inhibiting properties. The levels of the antibiotic necessary to give significant inhibition are much higher than are required to affect bacteria.
Sliding forearm rest for parallel bars. Suggestion from the field.

PROBLEM Forearm trough canes or platform crutches have been advocated for patients with rheumatoid arthritis because they protect the joints of the hands and wrists.1 Parallel bars are standard physical therapy equipment used for teaching gait patterns when assistance for support and balance is needed.2 Using the parallel bars is difficult, however, for patients with limited or nonfunctional handgrip. This problem prompted the development of the sliding forearm rest attachment for the parallel bars, and the rationale for the forearm trough canes was the basis of its design. SLIDING FOREARM REST Construction The sliding forearm rest consists of a pair of forearm troughs* attached to a U-shaped frame. The frame is supported by four trolleys that ride on the parallel bars. The device can be fabricated by a machine shop from readily obtainable materials (Fig. 1).…
Investigation and epidemiologic analysis of a measles outbreak in an elementary school of Chongqing

Objective To investigated a measles outbreak in an elementary school in a county of Chongqing in order to describe the epidemiologic features of the outbreak and disease transmission pattern,examine risk factors of outbreak and discuss control measures. Methods All the suspected measles cases during the outbreak were investigated and specimens were collected for laboratory test.Cases were quarantined for cure and appropriate range of emergent immunization was implemented immediately.Data were collected for epidemiological description. Results 28 students acquired measles with the overall attack rate of 1.7%. Cases distributed in 10 classes,the class of the first measles case had the highest attack rate of 10.26%. 16(57.14%) of the 28 cases had no measles vaccine history. Disease spread out in the school because of delayed clinical identification of first measles case.All the cases were quarantined in hospitals for cure, there is no severe nor death case. Emergent immunization were carried out immediately in the school,2 734 students were vaccinated with a rate of 97.79%.12 005 children in Tangba county and adjacent areas were investigate for enlarged emergent immunization.11 867 children were vaccinated with a rate of 98.85%, no AEFI were reported. Conclusions Enhancing 2-dose routine vaccine coverage and mandating and implementing school entry immunization checks can effectively avert epidemic.Early warning of measles outbreak should also be strengthened and aggressive plus effective control measures should be implemented immediately confronted an outbreak.
Fighting for Our Cause: The Impact of Women's NGOs on Gender Policy Adoption in Four Former Soviet Republics

This work explores how womens nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have contributed to the policy-making process in former Soviet republics. This work uses logistic regression to explore how womens NGOs have affected the passage of violence against women and human trafficking measures in the post-Soviet states of Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia and Moldova from 1993 to 2008. The results indicate that womens groups influence the policy process beyond agenda setting and bill introduction and play an important role in the passage of violence against women and human trafficking statutes. This article adds to the literature on organized interests and the policy process in the post-Soviet region and in newly democratizing countries. Related Articles: Asal Victor and Mitchell Brown. 2010. "A Cross-National Exploration of the Conditions that Produce Interpersonal Violence." Politics & Policy 38 (2): 175-192. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2010.00234.x/abstract Hankivsky Olena. 2013. "Gender Mainstreaming: A Five-Country Examination." Politics & Policy 41 (5): 629-655. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12037/abstract Jyrkinen Marjut. 2009. "Discourses on the Sex Trade: Implications for Policies and Practices." Politics & Policy 37 (1): 73-100. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2008.00162.x/abstract Related Media: The Advocates for Human Rights. 2015. Stop Violence Against Women: A Project of the Advocates for Human Rights. http://www.stopvaw.org/ United Nations Development Programme. . Human Development Reports: Gender Development Index (GDI). http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/gender-development-index-gdi Este trabajo analiza como las ONGs enfocadas a las mujeres han contribuido al proceso legislativo en antiguos paises sovieticos. Se usa una regresion logistica para analizar como las ONGs de mujeres han influenciado la aprobacion de medidas contra la violencia en contra de las mujeres y trafico de personas en los paises post-sovieticos de Armenia Azerbaiyan Georgia y Moldavia de 1993-2008. Los resultados indican que las organizaciones femeninas han influenciado el proceso legislativo mas alla del establecimiento de una agenda y han jugado un papel importante en la aprobacion de estatutos en contra de la violencia contra mujeres y trafico de personas. Este articulo contribuye a la literatura de intereses organizados y del proceso politico en la region post-sovietica y paises en proceso de democratizacion.
Abstract 167: Predictors of Anxiety Disorder Episodes and Device Related Distress in the First Five Years following Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Placement

Trait anxiety is a dispositional factor that predisposes individuals to respond to perceived threats with more frequent and intense elevations in emotional states associated with arousal of the aut...
Random Vibration of Inelastic Structures

This paper summarizes the latest developments in random vibration of inelastic structures which are essential in developing a methodology for safety analysis and design of structures under natural or man-made hazards. The methods of modeling and analysis of hysteretic structural systems are outlined. Applications of the method to the safety evaluation of a variety of structural systems under earthquake excitation are given and compared with field evidence, including damage and collapse of buildings and the supporting soil system, and liquefaction of soil deposits.
Intrusion Detection Using WSNs

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of small, cheap, and low-powered sensors which can dynamically form a network without any infrastructure and is supported by wireless communication while the objective is to monitor environmental changes in a given area.
Recent advances in understanding and managing IgG4-related disease

IgG4-related disease was only recently discovered, so its description, management, and new discoveries related to its etiology are rapidly evolving. Because IgG4 itself is a unique antibody which is intimately related to the diagnosis of the disease, the role of plasmablasts in the pathophysiology remains an active area of discussion. Recent studies have uncovered a possible role for CD4-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes, T follicular helper cells, and M2 macrophages. The clinical presentation is variable and can be vague, as this disease affects many organs and new presentations are continuing to be described. The diagnosis depends on clinical and histopathological assessment. The mainstay of treatment is with glucocorticoids, but rituximab has recently shown promise. Monitoring disease activity using imaging modalities (including positron emission tomography) and serum markers is imperative, as relapses are common. IgG4-related disease spans many medical disciplines but is a treatable condition with which all clinicians should be familiar.
Recent Advances in Intestinal Stem Cells.

The intestine is a dynamic organ with rapid stem cell division generating epithelial cells that mature and apoptose in 3–5 days. Rapid turnover maintains the epithelial barrier and homeostasis. Current insights on intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and their regulation are discussed here. The Lgr5+ ISCs maintain intestinal homeostasis by dividing asymmetrically, but also divide symmetrically to extinguish or replace ISCs. Following radiation or mucosal injury, reserve BMI1+ ISCs as well as other crypt cells can de-differentiate into Lgr5+ ISCs. ISC niche cells, including Paneth, immune, and myofibroblast cells secrete factors that regulate ISC proliferation. Finally, several studies indicate that the microbiome metabolites regulate ISC growth. ISCs can be plastic and integrate a complexity of environmental/niche cues to trigger or suppress proliferation as needed.
Nitrate induces a type 1 diabetic profile in alligator hatchlings

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects 1 in 300 children by age 18. T1D is caused by inflammation-induced loss of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, leading to high blood glucose and a host of downstream complications. Although multiple genes are associated with T1D risk, only 5% of genetically susceptible individuals actually develop clinical disease. Moreover, a growing number of T1D cases occur in geographic clusters and among children with low risk genotypes. These observations suggest that environmental factors contribute to T1D etiology. One potential factor, supported primarily by epidemiological studies, is the presence of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water. To test this hypothesis, female hatchling alligators were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of nitrate in their tank water (reference, 10mg/L, or 100mg/L NO3-N) from hatch through 5 weeks or 5 months of age. At each time point, endpoints related to T1D were investigated: plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, testosterone, estradiol, and thyroxine; pancreas, fat body, and thyroid weights; weight gain or loss; presence of immune cells in the pancreas; and pancreatic beta cell number, assessed by antibody staining of nkx6.1 protein. Internal dosing of nitrate was confirmed by measuring plasma and urine nitrate levels and whole blood methemoglobin. Cluster analysis indicated that high nitrate exposure (most animals exposed to 100mg/L NO3-N and one alligator exposed to 10mg/L NO3-N) induced a profile of endpoints consistent with early T1D that could be detected after 5 weeks and was more strongly present after 5 months. Our study supports epidemiological data correlating elevated nitrate with T1D onset in humans, and highlights nitrate as a possible environmental contributor to the etiology of T1D, possibly through its role as a nitric oxide precursor.
Analytical prediction of ROPS static elastic-plastic behavior: Experimental and analytical results are compared. Intermediate results are used to update the model at various stages in the process

This paper outlines a method for accurately predicting the elastic-plastic force-vs.-deflection curve for a rolover protective structure (ROPS).
Religion is nonsense

The goal of psychology is to explain human thought and behavior. This includes explaining why humans think and behave religiously. About 90 years ago, Sigmund Freud (1927/1990) used psychoanalytic ...
Probable Lewy Body Dementia with a Predilection for Auditory Hallucinations.

The patient was a 60-year-old male who initially presented to the emergency room with extreme agitation aggravated by internal stimuli as well as visual hallucinations, paranoia, and grandiose delusions. He was diagnosed with nonspecific schizophrenia and treated with risperidone, trazodone, and lithium. Approximately 16 months later, he was readmitted to the hospital trying to enter a stranger’s car that he thought was his. He was confused and was unable to give an accurate history. His psychomotor retardation and confusion were thought to be due to risperidone. When his dose was decreased, he displayed involuntary movements of the mouth and extremities, restlessness, and a patting of his head. The risperidone was switched to zyprexa in an effort to decrease extrapyramidal symptoms. About two months later, he was found unresponsive and catatonic in his car. During his stay, the patient had a fluctuation in the latency of his responses on a daily basis. He would be aware of where he was but was unable to explain why or for how long. He had a difficult time remembering names and was still exhibiting abnormal involuntary movements around the mouth and extremities. The patient’s course of initial predominantly auditory and visual hallucinations that progressed to extrapyramidal symptoms and fluctuating cognition one year later may suggest Lewy body dementia.
Primitive Roots of Unity

The hypothesis in Theorem 40 that F contain certain roots of unity can be dropped, but we give a preliminary discussion from group theory before proving this.
Theoretical Studies of Digital Holography

The diffraction theory is at the basis of development of digital holography and allows calculation of holographic images from the recorded holographic interference patterns [1]. In this chapter, we highlight some of the theoretical tools developed to enhance the capabilities of digital holography and applications.
Constructing a theoretical machines website: an agile software generation and maintenance experience

Recently, we received a Computer Research Association (CRA) grant under the Computer Research Experience for Women (CREW) program. Our research entitled Constructing a Theoretical Machines Website: An Agile Software Generation and Maintenance Experience, began as a project to provide a resource for students in CMPS 260 to construct, test, experiment with theoretical machines and to ultimately upload their machine for instructor evaluation.
AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO ACTIVATION AND SEQUENTIAL METABOLIC REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

Publisher Summary Complete activation and normal progression of the mammalian immune response depend on a specific sequence of metabolic interactions between lymphocytes and accessory cells that are modulated at discrete phases of the response by antigen-specific products. In a study described in the chapter, effective activation of the most highly specific T–B system was analyzed in terms of its dependence on the cell-mediated presentation of antigen to responder T lymphocytes. Cellular presentation of activating signals begins with the processing and degradation of antigen by accessory cells. The degree of specificity that characterizes the soluble products released by each cell system increases in the direction of evolutionary stacking, from macrophages through T–B interactive lymphoid cells. The steps exhibiting a high degree of specificity generally occur early during the activation of the immune response, and again late in the response, during its specific termination.
Three-Tiered Data Mining for Big Data Patterns of Wireless Sensor Networks in Medical and Healthcare Domains

As smartphones become an emerging interface platform between humans and systems, they also enable wireless sensors to interface with host servers. As sensors monitor application domains and sensor data is frequently polled and transmitted to a host server, the server data will be a big volume, big variety and big velocity, which is the characteristic of big data. Mining patterns from big data is a very important and active research topic since it can be used to forecast and "nowcast" for any dynamisms in application domains. However, typical data mining algorithms are not successful yet due to the characteristics of big data. This paper describes three-tied data mining paradigm. Alongside the streamline of sensor data transmission, at the microcontroller tier, sensor data sets are mined to form patterns, at the smartphone tier, negative and positive patterns are grouped and verified, and finally at the host server tier, human expertise is associated with the patterns. The contribution includes 1) lowering data transmission by mining from the lower tiers, 2) mining time-critical data earlier than it would be done at the host server tier and 3) hence urgent responses can be made timely at the proper tier.
Treatment of Urinary System Disorders

The urinary system consists of the two kidneys in which the urine is formed, the ureters which are thin tubes which conduct the urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, the urinary bladder in which the urine is temporarily stored and the urethra through which urine flows during urination. Because of the intimate association with the reproductive system there are some sex differences. In the male, the urethra leads through the prostate gland and penis and is relatively longer and thinner than the urethra of the female which leads directly from the bladder. In addition, the prostate gland lies in such a position that it may cause obstruction to the flow of urine through the urethra and prevent the complete emptying of the bladder; the female has no prostate gland or practical counterpart.
Prevention and Regression in Animal Models by Diet and Cholestyramine

Although the possibility of regression of abnormal atherosclerotic disease has long been suspected, only recently have basic but crucial animal studies been able to verify this. Most of the investigations of the atherosclerotic disease have been primarily concerned with pathogenesis of the plaque while study of prevention and regression attracted wider interest only recently. Regression of experimentally induced atherosclerotic lesions in primates has been the subject of intensive investigation during the past six years.
Swayway: midi chimes

The Swayway is an audio/MIDI device inspired by the simple concept of the wind chime.This interactive sculpture translates its swaying motion, triggered by the user, into sound and light. Additionally, the motion of the reeds contributes to the visual aspect of the piece, converting the whole into a sensory and engaging experience.
Airborne SAR Focusing in Time Domain: Effects of External DEM Errors

In this paper we derive a simple model to describe the distortions on focused airborne SAR data rising from the usage of inaccurate external information of the topography of the illuminated area. The model is based on the assumption that an accurate time-domain strategy is applied to focus the data. Moreover, perfect knowledge of the aircraft trajectory is also assumed, in order to better highlight the relation between true topography and airborne SAR focused data. The presented model takes into account the coupling between the trajectory deviations affecting the aircraft flight track and the topography errors. A closed form expression for both the amplitude and phase distortions corrupting the focused signal is provided. To validate the presented analysis some simulation results relevant to a realistic SAR acquisition scenario are finally shown.
Suspected Renal Impairment Following Isopropanol Ingestion.

A 33-year-old white man with a history of alcohol abuse presented to the emergency department for voluntary alcohol detoxification several hours after consuming approximately 8–10 oz (237–296 mL) of rubbing alcohol (isopropanol). He complained of anxiety and nausea and had at least 1 episode of reported hematemesis. At times, the patient was tachycardic but remained hemodynamically stable with blood pressure between 120s–140s/70s–100s mmHg. Notable laboratory values on admission include an increased anion gap of 24 mEq/L (reference range, 0–12 mEq/L), and increased plasma creatinine concentration of 1.27 mg/dL (reference range, 0.72–1.25 mg/dL). The patient's baseline plasma creatinine concentration had previously ranged from 0.80 to 0.95 mg/dL, 6–12 months before this hospitalization. Trace amounts of urine ketones were detected. The patient's urine drug screen was positive for acetaminophen, and ethanol and presumptive positive for benzodiazepines. Volatile testing using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection yielded an ethanol concentration of <10 mg/dL and a plasma isopropanol concentration of 33 mg/dL (reference range <10 mg/dL). The patient received normal saline, diazepam, thiamine, metoclopramide, promethazine, ondansetron, and folic acid for supportive care of isopropanol ingestion, alcohol withdrawal, nausea, and apparent acute kidney injury due to the increased creatinine. The laboratory received a call from one …
The response of surface buoyancy flux-driven convection to localized mechanical forcing

We present laboratory experiments in which both a buoyancy and mechanical forcing are imposed on the surface of a rectangular tank filled with freshwater. The buoyancy forcing is generated by a saltwater source at the surface that drives a sinking half-line plume along one endwall, and the mechanical forcing is generated by a continuous flow of freshwater across the surface of the tank. A steady-state circulation is achieved when the advection of salt by the plume is matched by the diffusion of salt through the upper boundary. The surface stress drives flow in the same direction as the plume, resulting in a convective cell whose depth is determined by the interplay of the two forcings. When the surface stress is relatively weak, the steady-state flow is described by a high-Rayleigh number ‘recycling box’ model for horizontal convection (Hughes et al. in J Fluid Mech 581:251–276, 2007). Once the stress is strong enough to overturn the stratified waters, a region of localized mixing develops. The immediate consequence of this regional turbulence is a net input of stabilizing buoyancy in the form of fresher water into the plume, which renders it too weak to penetrate to the bottom boundary. In general, the plume is unable to recover a full-depth circulation within the experiment time frame. The resulting flow can be described by the recycling box model with a spatially varying turbulent diffusivity parameterized by the characteristics of the turbulent eddy that develops in the mixing region. This work applies experimental techniques to show that, with adequate mechanical forcing, a buoyancy-driven circulation will develop localized mixing that significantly alters the overall structure and density distribution of the circulation for relatively long timescales. The experimental results corroborate the recycling box model as a valid descriptor of the flow structure in such systems.
Anyon optics with time-of-flight two-particle interference of double-well-trapped interacting ultracold atoms

The subject of bianyon interference with ultracold atoms is introduced through theoretical investigations pertaining to the second-order momentum correlation maps of two anyons (built upon spinless and spin-1/2 bosonic as well as spin-1/2 fermionic ultracold atoms) trapped in a double-well optical trap. The two-particle system is modeled according to the recently proposed protocols for emulating an anyonic Hubbard Hamiltonian in ultracold-atom one-dimensional lattices. Because the second-order momentum correlations are mirrored in the time-of-flight second-order interference patterns in space, our findings provide impetus for time-of-flight experimental protocols for detecting anyonic statistics via interferometry measurements of massive particles that broaden the scope of the biphoton interferometry of quantum optics.