cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Specific motion processing pathway deficit during eye tracking in schizophrenia: a performance-matched functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Background The neural mechanisms underlying smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) abnormalities in schizophrenia are not well understood. Previous evidence suggests that a deficit in the processing of internal representations of object motion (extraretinal motion) contributes to SPEM deficits in patients. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation was compared between patients and control subjects to determine whether schizophrenia patients exhibit abnormal cerebral activation in regions associated with extraretinal motion processing during SPEM. Methods Patients and control subjects were selected based on matched performance in the closed-loop gain. Despite similar performance on closed-loop pursuit gain, patients showed consistent deficits in extraretinal motion based on predictive pursuit. In the magnet, subjects were tested using a traditional smooth-pursuit task that elicits closed-loop response. Results Patients had reduced pursuit-related activation in several known extraretinal motion processing areas including frontal and supplemental eye fields, medial superior temporal cortex, and anterior cingulate. Patients also showed increased activation in medial occipitotemporal cortex. Conclusions These results provide functional anatomic evidence supporting reduced function in the extraretinal motion processing pathway in schizophrenia. Increased activation in medial occipitotemporal cortex suggests an increased dependence on immediate retinal motion information, which may be used to compensate for reduced extraretinal signaling during sustained visual tracking.
Dietary management of diabetes mellitus

Dietary therapy should be designed to enhance insulin therapy and improve glycaemic regulation of the diabetic dog and cat. Dietary therapy will not alleviate the necessity for insulin therapy in dogs and cats with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Preliminary work suggests that dietary therapy may ultimately be the only therapy necessary to maintain glycaemic control in cats with suspected non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Currently, the feeding of a high fibre, high complex carbohydrate diet is recommended at a caloric intake designed to correct obesity and maintain ideal bodyweight. Several small meals should be fed during the period of insulin activity, to help minimise post prandial fluctuations in the blood glucose concentration.
Using 2D Chirp z-Transforms for Near-field to Far-field Calculations

Phased arrays for radar applications are typically characterized in an instrumented near field range (NFR), and the far-field parameters are computed from these measurements. The advantages of using a 2D chirp z-transform for the far-field computations are considered
Inserting Placeholder Slack to Improve Run-Time Scheduling of Non-preemptible Real-Time Tasks in Heterogeneous Systems

This paper proposes a method to pre-schedule slack windows in a non-preemptive heterogeneous system that executes a mix of hard-periodic and soft-aperiodic tasks. The goal is to improve the acceptance rate and waiting time of aperiodic tasks without violating periodic task deadlines. The method creates an offline schedule of periodic tasks and pre-scheduled slack that models the estimated characteristics of the aperiodic tasks. At runtime, the local schedulers use this offline schedule to guide their decisions to adjust periodic task instance start times and to schedule aperiodic tasks arriving from the global scheduler. We evaluate several dynamic local schedulers. Our results show that token-based dynamic schedulers are particularly effective for reducing waiting time and increasing acceptance rate when attempting to maintain aperiodic task execution fairness.
Adaptive statistical parametric mapping for fMRI

Brain activity is accompanied by changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the differential blood oxygenation that are detectable using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The process of identifying brain activation regions can be facilitated by estimating the hemodynamic response function (HRF). There have been some remarkable new developments in statistics to handle this problem. In this paper, we introduce a novel procedure which is capable of adapting itself to any of the existing methods by improving its performance through the application of a penalized smoothing technique. Using a computer experiment and a real fMRI data set, the proposed procedure is assessed by comparing its performance very favorably to the popular SPM based method. AMS 2000 subject classifications: Primary 62H35, 62G08; secondary 62H12.
Performance trade-off between serrated edge and blended rolled edge compact range reflectors

The performance trade-off between serrated edge and blended rolled edge compact range reflectors is investigated. The edge diffracted fields which contribute to stray signals in the quiet zone have to be minimized. Consequently, an iterative approach has been developed to design serrated edges such that the edge diffracted rays from the serrations can be kept as far away as possible from the desired quiet zone area. Performance of various designs based on the number and size of serrations have been studied using a physical theory of diffraction solution. In addition, an optimized blended rolled edge design with the same size as the serrated edge reflector has also been evaluated for comparison. Finally, numerical results are presented in this paper to address the performance trade-off issue among the various designs. It is clearly shown from this study that the blended rolled edge reflector performs significantly better, which should offset the increased cost needed to construct a rolled edge reflector versus a serrated one.
On the generalized nyquist stability criterion

This paper starts with a straightforward self-contained treatment of the generalized Nyquist stability criterion based on the eigenloci of the open-loop transfer function matrix. The derivation is straightforward and does not invoke algebraic function theory, branch cuts, and Riemann surfaces. A similar criterion is derived for the distributed case where the open-loop transfer function matrices belong to the recently proposed algebra B(\sigma_{0})^{m \times m} [9], [14]. This leads to a new graphical sability test based on eigenloci which applies to distributed, possibly unstable, open-loop transfer functions.
Transport Modernization and Entrepreneurship in Nineteenth-Century Colombia: Cisneros and Friends

Transport modernization and entrepreneurship in nineteenth century Colombia : Cisneros & friends
Two-phase modeling of gas purge in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell

Gas purge intended to minimize residual water in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is critical for successful shutdown and sub-zero startup. In the present work, we present a two-phase transient model describing water removal from PEFC under gas purge conditions. The role of back diffusion from the cathode to anode along with liquid water transport in the gas diffusion layers behind the drying front and vapor diffusion ahead of the drying front is highlighted. The underlying ineffectiveness of cathode-only purge is outlined. The model predictions are compared with experimental results under various purge conditions. A good match with experiments is obtained at higher purge temperatures whereas some differences in the HFR profile is observed at lower temperatures. The role of drying front morphology in addressing the observed differences between numerical and experimental results is hypothesized.
Transposons play an important role in the evolution and diversification of centromeres among closely related species

Centromeres are important chromosomal regions necessary for eukaryotic cell segregation and replication. Due to high amounts of tandem repeats and transposons, centromeres have been difficult to sequence in most multicellular organisms, thus their sequence structure and evolution are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed transposons in the centromere 8 (Cen8) from the African cultivated rice (O. glaberrima) and two subspecies of the Asian cultivated rice (O. sativa), indica and japonica. We detected much higher transposon contents (>69%) in centromere regions than in the whole genomes of O. sativa ssp. japonica and O. glaberrima (~35%). We compared the three Cen8s and identified numerous recent insertions of transposons that were frequently organized into multiple-layer nested blocks, similar to nested transposons in maize. Except for the Hopi retrotransposon, all LTR retrotransposons were shared but exhibit different abundances amongst the three Cen8s. Even though a majority of the transposons were located in intergenic regions, some gene-related transposons were found and may be involved in gene diversification. Chromatin immunoprecipitated (ChIP) data analysis revealed that 165 families from both Class I and Class II transposons were found in CENH3-associated chromatin sequences. These results indicate essential roles for transposons in centromeres and that the rapid divergence of the Cen8 sequences between the two cultivated rice species was primarily caused by recent transposon insertions.
Comparative Thickness Measurements of SiO2/Si Films for Thicknesses Less than 10 nm

We report on a comparative measurement of SiO2/Si dielectric film thickness (t < 10 nm) using grazingincidencex-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy,neutronreflectometryandspectroscopicellipsometry.Samples with nominal thicknesses of 3‐7 nm were characterized by XPS with grazing-incidence x-rays at 1.8 keV, by cold neutron reflectometry (l =0 .475 nm) and by spectroscopic ellipsometry over 1. 5e V< E < 6. 0e V. The results show good agreement between the ellipsometry and grazing-incidence XPS, with slightly lower values for the neutron reflectometry. The role of surface contamination in each type of measurement is discussed. Published in 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Solvent Exposure on the Filtration Performance of Electrostatically Charged Polypropylene Filter Media

Solvent-induced performance deterioration in corona charged polypropylene electret filter media was studied. Electret media, exposed to isopropanol (IPA) in the liquid phase, exhibited reduced filtration efficiency with negligible changes in the pressure drop across the media. Scanning electron microscopy imaging indicated no observable morphological changes after IPA exposure. Solvent-induced efficiency deterioration of electret filter media was hypothesized to originate from charge deterioration rather than charge masking. The charge of the individual fibers in filter media was characterized using electrostatic force microscopy (EFM). EFM investigation produced evidence that exposure to IPA in the liquid phase affected the electrostatic charges on fibers. Exposure to organic solvents such as xylene, toluene, and ethyl benzene has been reported to increase charge mobility in polypropylene fibers, thereby reducing the electrostatic charge and the ability of the fibers in the electret filter media to captu...
Molecular Basis of the Divergent Immunogenicity of Two Pediatric Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Vaccines

UNLABELLED Studies evaluating the immunogenicity of two pediatric tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) vaccines have reported contradictory results. These vaccines are based on two different strains of the European TBEV subtype: FSME-Immun Junior is based on the Neudorfl (Nd) strain, whereas Encepur Children is based on the Karlsruhe (K23) strain. The antibody (Ab) response induced by these two vaccines might be influenced by antigenic differences in the envelope (E) protein, which is the major target of neutralizing antibodies. We used an established hybrid virus assay platform to compare the levels of induction of neutralizing antibodies against the two vaccine virus strains in children aged 1 to 11 years who received two immunizations with FSME-Immun Junior or Encepur Children. The influence of amino acid differences between the E proteins of the Nd and K23 vaccine strains was investigated by mutational analyses and three-dimensional computer modeling. FSME-Immun Junior induced 100% seropositivity and similar neutralizing antibody titers against hybrid viruses containing the TBEV E protein of the two vaccine strains. Encepur Children induced 100% seropositivity only against the hybrid virus containing the E protein of the homologous K23 vaccine strain. Antibody responses induced by Encepur Children to the hybrid virus containing the E protein of the heterologous Nd strain were substantially and significantly (P < 0.001) lower than those to the K23 vaccine strain hybrid virus. Structure-based mutational analyses of the TBEV E protein indicated that this is due to a mutation in the DI-DII hinge region of the K23 vaccine strain E protein which may have occurred during production of the vaccine seed virus and which is not present in any wild-type TBE viruses. IMPORTANCE Our data suggest that there are major differences in the abilities of two European subtype pediatric TBEV vaccines to induce antibodies capable of neutralizing heterologous TBEV strains. This is a result of a mutation in the DI-DII hinge region of the E protein of the K23 vaccine virus strain used to manufacture Encepur Children which is not present in the Nd strain used to manufacture FSME-Immun Junior or in any other known naturally occurring TBEVs.
Building Bridges for Collective Wisdom.

University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE Corresponding author: Peter P. Yu, MD, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, 795 El Camino Real, SV 301, Palo Alto, CA 94301; e-mail: yup3@pamf.org Welcome to the inaugural issue of Journal of Global Oncology (JGO), ASCO’s new online-only, open-access journal dedicated to publishing the highest quality information concerning oncology research and care delivery in countries with limited health care resources.
Factors Affecting Perceived Learning, Satisfaction, and Quality in the Online MBA: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

The authors examined how six factors related to content and interaction affect students' perceptions of learning, satisfaction, and quality in online master of business administration (MBA) courses. They developed three scale items to measure each factor. Using survey data from MBA students at a private university, the authors estimated structural equation models to explore these relationships empirically. The findings suggest that course content is the strongest predictor of all three outcomes (perceived learning, satisfaction, and quality); it is the only significant factor affecting perceived learning. They also found that professor–student interaction had a significant positive impact on satisfaction, but not on perceptions of quality. Perceptions of quality were influenced significantly by student–student interaction and mentoring–support.
Attenuating Away the Errors in Inter- and Intramolecular Interactions from Second-Order Møller-Plesset Calculations in the Small Aug-cc-pVDZ Basis Set.

Second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) treats electron correlation at low computational cost, but suffers from basis set superposition error (BSSE) and fundamental inaccuracies in long-range contributions. The cost differential between complete basis set (CBS) and small basis MP2 restricts system sizes where BSSE can be removed. Range-separation of MP2 could yield more tractable and/or accurate forms for short- and long-range correlation. Retaining only short-range contributions proves to be effective for MP2 in the small aug-cc-pVDZ (aDZ) basis. Using one range-separation parameter, superior behavior is obtained versus both MP2/aDZ and MP2/CBS for inter- and intramolecular test sets. Attenuation of the long-range helps to cancel both BSSE and intrinsic MP2 errors. Direct scaling of the MP2 correlation energy proves useful as well. The resulting SMP2/aDZ, MP2(erfc, aDZ), and MP2(terfc, aDZ) methods perform far better than MP2/aDZ across systems with hydrogen-bonding, dispersion, and mixed interactions at a fraction of MP2/CBS computational cost.
Discrimination and Social Anxiety Disorder Among African-Americans, Caribbean Blacks, and Non-Hispanic Whites

AbstractThe present study investigated the relationship between discrimination and social anxiety disorder (SAD) in a sample of African-Americans, Caribbean blacks, and non-Hispanic whites using the National Survey of American Life, the most comprehensive study of psychopathology among American blac
Reductive electrografting of benzene (p-bisdiazonium hexafluorophosphate): a simple and effective protocol for creating diazonium-functionalized thin films.

In this Article, we describe a protocol for surface functionalization of benzenediazonium hexafluorophosphate monolayers by in situ electrochemical reduction of bis(benzenediazonium) hexafluorophosphate. Due to the considerable difference in potential between the first and second reduction of this species, it is possible to form a high density of surface-bound diazonium groups by use of a mild potential which selectively reduces only one diazonium group per ring. The resulting diazonium-containing monolayer reacts readily with solutions of electron-rich aromatic compounds. The reaction with ferrocene produces a dense (2.7 × 10–10 mol/cm2) ferrocene-containing monolayer through a Gomberg–Bachmann type arylation. The resulting ferrocene group exhibits relatively rapid electron transfer to the electrode due to the conjugated linker layer as measured by alternating current voltammetry (ACV) and cyclic voltammetry. Aromatic systems with π-donor substitutents (N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyldiaminobe...
Sustainable economic analysis and constraints faced by the Naga King chilli growers in Nagaland

The present study was undertaken on sixty farmers during 2009–10 to examine the economic analysis of Naga King chilli and to assess the resource use efficiency and sustainability value indices of Naga King chilli on different farm size groups. The resource use-efficiency on pooled data for Naga King chilli was found to be maximum on human labour (5.388), followed by seed cost (3.458133) and it found to have negative impact on marketing cost (−3.42835) and FYM cost (−3.54689), respectively. Further it was observed that on pooled data the sustainability value indices was recorded as 0.599. As per the client satisfaction index 46.67 per cent were of medium group, followed by 30.00 per cent on low satisfied, while remaining 23.33 per cent were highly satisfied with the extension services available at present. It was further observed, on rank based quotient the foremost constraints was lack of warehouse/go down for proper storage, followed by lack of market information, problem of credit facilities, lack of transportation facilities, etc, which indicated that if such situation alter or taken care, there is great potential to enhance the Naga King chilli growers income subsequently global economy.
Monitoring Location-Specific Physical Activity via Integration of Accelerometry and Geotechnology Within Patients With or At Risk of Diabetic Foot Ulcers A Technological Report

Objective:Physical activity variability is a risk factor for diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Geographic context may influence variability. This study developed initial methods for monitoring location-specific physical activity in this population. Secondarily, preliminary comparisons in location-specific physical activity were made between patients at risk versus patients with active DFU.Methods:Five at-risk and 5 actively ulcerated patients were monitored continuously for 72 hours with physical activity and GPS monitors. A custom algorithm time synchronized the 2 devices’ data.Results:On average for all 10 subjects, 1.5 ± 2.1% of activity lacked a corresponding GPS location. 80 ± 11% of self-reported activity events per subject had a GPS identified location. The GPS identified locations were in agreement with the self-reported locations 98 ± 6% of the time. DFU participants’ weight-bearing activity was 188% higher at home than away from home. At-risk participants showed similar weight-bearing activity at home...
Can probiotics benefit children with autism spectrum disorders

Children with autism are commonly affected by gastrointestinal problems such as abdominal pain, constipation and diarrhea. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of probiotics in this population, as it hypothetically may help to improve bowel habits and the behavioral and social functioning of these individuals. The gut microbiome plays an important role in the pathophysiology of organic as well as functional gastrointestinal disorders. Microbial modification with the use of antibiotics, probiotics, and fecal transplantation have been effective in the treatment of conditions such as recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, pouchitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. The present review presents a number of reported clinical, immunological and microbiome-related changes seen in children with autism compared to normally developed children. It also discusses gut inflammation, permeability concerns, and absorption abnormalities that may contribute to these problems. Most importantly, it discusses evidence, from human and animal studies, of a potential role of probiotics in the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism.
Methylprednisolone as a Cause of Anaphylaxis Diltiazem-Induced Tetany NSAID-Induced Colonic Stricture with Ulceration and NSAID-Induced Erythema Multiforme amotrigine and Tourette Symptoms Anaphylactic Reaction after Dermal Exposure to Cephalexin

Methylprednisolone as a Cause of Anaphylaxis; Diltiazem-Induced Tetany; NSAID-Induced Colonic Stricture with Ulceration and NSAID-Induced Erythema Multiforme; Lamotrigine and Tourette Symptoms; Anaphylactic Reaction after Dermal Exposure to Cephalexin Joel Shuster; Hospital Pharmacy
Space-Object Active Control Mode Inference Using Light Curve Inversion

Several candidate methods for classifying an agile space-object active control mode are tested using simulated light curve data and a Rao–Blackwellized particle filter. The first measure to discrim...
Exomuscle: An inflatable device for shoulder abduction support

Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability. Many robots have been developed to administer movement therapies or provide physical assistance to stroke survivors suffering from movement deficits. One effective approach has been to support the weight of the arm, offloading shoulder abductor muscles that have become coupled to elbow muscles. However, patients have limited access to such robots due to the robots' complexity, cost, and bulk. To counter this problem, we developed a lightweight (350 g), inexpensive external actuator, which we call an exomuscle. We constructed a prototype exomuscle by reinforcing a plastic bladder with a fabric bag that is sewn to supporting straps. The bladder can then be inflated with pressurized air to provide expansive forces between the user's torso and arm, supporting shoulder abduction. A seam acting as a hinge joint connects the exomuscle to the torso. We demonstrate that our exomuscle reduces muscular effort by 74% in isometric tasks and 72% in dynamic reaching tasks while minimally affecting the range of motion of the shoulder and elbow (average 4% reduction) on three users ranging from 165 to 188 cm tall. Future studies will evaluate the exomuscle with users who have post-stroke motor impairments.
Characterizing Structural Changes to Estimate Walking Gait Balance

We present a method for improving left-right walking gait balance using structural floor vibration sensing by characterizing changes in structural properties in the sensing area. Understanding and measuring human gait balance can be used to assess overall health status, mobility, and rehabilitation progress. The key research challenge is that structural properties in the sensing area may differ from one footstep location to the next, resulting in inaccurate footstep force and balance estimations. To address this challenge, our method performs sensor selection using the insight that some sensors in the sensor network are in a similar structural region as the footstep location and, therefore, are not as effected by the observed variations in structural properties as the other sensors. We evaluate the performance of our method by conducting uncontrolled real-world walking experiments in a residential structure. This evaluation shows that our method achieves a 1.6X reduction in force estimation error and a 2.4X reduction in balance estimation as compared to the baseline approach.
Resource Rushes in Afghanistan

The idea of a resource rush in Afghanistan begins with military nation building wherein an entity such as the Task Force for Business and Stability Operations (TFBSO) from the US Department of Defense sought business opportunities with new resource extractive efforts to jump start the Afghan economy. Investment opportunities were established by obtaining all the old Soviet maps and reports, utilizing modern remote-sensing techniques, and new ground sampling programs to build up mineral-bidding packages that could be used to attract external mining companies. An extractive industries transparency initiative was also established to reduce corruption. Neighboring powerful countries such as China and India were allowed to bid successfully on, and assume control of a number of important resources.
The Vibrating Air Column

While the vibrating strings of guitars and violins are plainly visible, the sound that they produce in air is invisible. We often associate sound with air because we are used to hearing sounds that reach our ears from the air. We also learn that in the absence of air, sound cannot propagate – movies with sound propagating in outer space, not withstanding. The fact that air is so transparent is not the issue here. Sound travels through liquids such as water and solids such as steel, as well as other gases such as air; nevertheless, we cannot see sound propagating through liquids or solids either. So, what is sound? That is the first subject of this chapter. Once we understand the nature of sound, we will go on to study the modes of vibration of air that is contained in pipes, that is, air columns. These are the basic components for all wind instruments, such as the recorder, flute, and trumpet.
Aortic Arch Variants: A Practical Guide to Safe and Timely Catheterization

Background Variations in aortic arch anatomy have been extensively described from multiple perspectives including gross anatomy, embryology, associated cardiac and other anomalies, early life presentation, and cross-sectional diagnosis. There is however a paucity of literature with an emphasis on safe and timely catheterization, particularly when the variants are found during emergent or other catheter angiographic procedures without benefit of prior cross-sectional vascular imaging. The purpose of this review is to try to fill this gap. Methods A review of past 1,000 diagnostic and therapeutic catheterizations was performed to identify arch variants, which are presented in order of frequency encountered at our institutions. Results The variants are presented as illustrations and catheter angiographic images, with emphasis on safe and efficient intraprocedural diagnosis and catheterization. Conclusion Familiarity with more and less common arch variants, along with low threshold for performance of pigtail aortic arch angiography and comfort in use of general purpose and recurved catheters, will ensure success in the vast majority of encountered variations.
Quantum-Well Diode Lasers for Frequency Comb Generation

We experimentally demonstrate single-section InGaAsP/InP quantum-well diode lasers for frequency comb generation at 1.5 µm and 1.3 µm wavelengths. Their optical and RF spectra are measured and analyzed.
Eyes Wide Shut: Failures to Teach Student Journalists About Eyewitness Error:

Every news story depends on human memory one way or the other; in particular, eyewitness accounts. However, the amount of scholarly research on eyewitness misidentification in the fields of journal...
Using Sequence Mining to Analyze Metacognitive Monitoring and Scientific Inquiry Based on Levels of Efficiency and Emotions during Game-Based Learning.

Self-regulated learning conducted through metacognitive monitoring and scientific inquiry can be influenced by many factors, such as emotions and motivation, and are necessary skills needed to engage in efficient hypothesis testing during game-based learning. Although many studies have investigated metacognitive monitoring and scientific inquiry skills during game-based learning, few studies have investigated how the sequence of behaviors involved during hypothesis testing with game-based learning differ based on both efficiency level and emotions during gameplay. For this study, we analyzed 59 undergraduate students’ (59% female) metacognitive monitoring and hypothesis testing behavior during learning and gameplay with CRYSTAL ISLAND, a game-based learning environment that teaches students about microbiology. Specifically, we used sequential pattern mining and differential sequence mining to determine if there were sequences of hypothesis testing behaviors and to determine if the frequencies of occurrence of these sequences differed between high or low levels of efficiency at finishing the game and high or low levels of facial expressions of emotions during gameplay. Results revealed that students with low levels of efficiency and high levels of facial expressions of emotions had the most sequences of testing behaviors overall, specifically engaging in more sequences that were indicative of less strategic hypothesis testing behavior than the other students, where students who were more efficient with both levels of emotions demonstrated strategic testing behavior. These results have implications for the strengths of using educational data mining techniques for determining the processes underlying patterns of engaging in self-regulated learning conducted through hypothesis testing as they unfold over time; for training students on how to engage in the self-regulation, scientific inquiry, and emotion regulation processes that can result in efficient gameplay; and for developing adaptive game-based learning environments that foster effective and efficient self-regulation and scientific inquiry during learning.
Three Influential Seniors

After the Haneda Airport incident, the mass media heaped all sorts of abuse on the student activists of the Zengakuren and Bund, calling us “gangster student activists” (Asahi Shimbun newspaper), “political bike gang” (Shūkan Asahi weekly), and “central staff of academic-cap revolution” (Shūkan Yomiuri weekly). Since by that time there were no activists who were boorish enough to still be wearing the four-cornered academic caps, this was a laughable anachronism. The Chair of the Zengakuren, Kentarō Karōji, was a witty dandy, who was in ecstasy, ordering a biker gang-style leather jacket stitched with the word “red lightning” on the back.
The Burgeoning of Mechanically Interlocked Molecules in Chemistry

Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), such as rotaxanes, catenanes, and molecular knots, have attracted significant interest because of their unique properties originating from their mechanically bonded components. Recently, MIMs have been employed in increasingly diverse architectures thanks to the tools of rational molecular design and the ability to incorporate functions in a precise manner. Here, we discuss advances in MIM synthesis, the fundamental understanding of their working processes, and applications exploiting their singular behavior. This review covers some of the most recent studies demonstrating the widespread interest in MIMs by scientists pursuing the ultimate goal of designing functional molecular machines that surpass their natural analogs or exhibit unprecedented properties.
A Delicate Balance between Antiferromagnetism and Ferromagnetism: Theoretical and Experimental Studies of A2MRu5B2 (A=Zr, Hf; M=Fe, Mn) Metal Borides

Metal-rich borides with the Ti3 Co5 B2 -type structure represent an ideal playground for tuning magnetic interactions through chemical substitutions. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) and experimental studies of Ru-rich quaternary borides with the general composition A2 MRu5 B2 (A=Zr, Hf, M=Fe, Mn) are presented. Total energy calculations show that the phases Zr2 FeRu5 B2 and Hf2 FeRu5 B2 prefer ground states with strong antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions between ferromagnetic (FM) M-chains. Manganese substitution for iron lowers these antiferromagnetic interchain interactions dramatically and creates a strong competition between FM and AFM states with a slight preference for AFM in Zr2 MnRu5 B2 and for FM in Hf2 MnRu5 B2 . Magnetic property measurements show a field dependence of the AFM transition (TN ): TN is found at 0.1 T for all phases with predicted AFM states whereas for the predicted FM phase it is found at a much lower magnetic field (0.005 T). Furthermore, TN is lowest for a Hf-based phase (20 K) and highest for a Zr-based one (28 K), in accordance with DFT predictions of weaker AFM interactions in the Hf-based phases. Interestingly, the AFM transitions vanish in all compounds at higher fields (>1 T) in favor of FM transitions, indicating metamagnetic behaviors for these Ru-rich phases.
Abstract P122: P-wave Axis is Associated With All-Cause Mortality in Diabetes: The ACCORD Trial

Introduction: Abnormal P-wave axis (PWA) has emerged as a novel marker of risk for both cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in the general population, though this relationship has not be...
STOMP: A Tool for Evaluation of Scheduling Policies in Heterogeneous Multi-Processors.

The proliferation of heterogeneous chip multiprocessors in recent years has reached unprecedented levels. Traditional homogeneous platforms have shown fundamental limitations when it comes to enabling high-performance yet-ultra-low-power computing, in particular in application domains with real-time execution deadlines or criticality constraints. By combining the right set of general purpose cores and hardware accelerators together, along with proper chip interconnects and memory technology, heterogeneous chip multiprocessors have become an effective high-performance and low-power computing alternative. One of the challenges of heterogeneous architectures relates to efficient scheduling of application tasks (processes, threads) across the variety of options in the chip. As a result, it is key to provide tools to enable early-stage prototyping and evaluation of new scheduling policies for heterogeneous platforms. In this paper, we present STOMP (Scheduling Techniques Optimization in heterogeneous Multi-Processors), a simulator for fast implementation and evaluation of task scheduling policies in multi-core/multi-processor systems with a convenient interface for "plugging" in new scheduling policies in a simple manner. Thorough validation of STOMP exhibits small relative errors when compared against closed-formed equivalent models during steady-state analysis.
In search of positive mental health: Personality profiles and genetic polymorphisms

Individuals vary greatly in their mental health and these differences may play a critical role in stress resistance, risk reduction and illness recovery. Here we ask how these differences may be related to normal variation in personality and genotype. One hundred healthy college students completed measures of mental health (Mental Health Continuum-Short Form [MHC-SF]), personality (NEO Five Factor Inventory) and adverse childhood experiences. Participants also provided saliva samples, genotyped for both the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), each assayed for naturally occurring polymorphisms, 5-HTTLPR (short/long) and BDNF (valine/methionine). Mental health correlated strongly with the NEO triad of conscientiousness-extraversion-neuroticism, with largest contributions to MHC-SF scores for conscientiousness, followed by extraversion and then neuroticism. The personality trait interaction of extraversion × conscientiousness uniquely accounted for approximately 44.22% 44.62% of the variance in MHC-SF scores. Polygenic comparisons showed a significant gene × gene interaction, with highest mental health for 5-HTTLPR-S, Met carriers. Together these results provided support for distinct yet interacting roles of personality and genetics in the phenotypical expression of mental health.
The Standardized Contracts of United States Automobile Manufacturers

The automobile industry in the United States is large, very complex and has great economic power. The major manufacturers are run as bureaucratic structures designed to operate efficiently at all levels. Those people and organizations that deal with the manufacturers have patterned their conduct to accommodate this model of economic efficiency. However, new models of automobiles must be designed several years before they are offered to the public and the demand for new automobiles fluctuates significantly. Bureaucratic operation in the service of economic efficiency, time-span and fluctuating demand are all critical factors which are reflected in many different kinds of exchange transactions found in this industry. In this paper we will consider some of the exchange relationships between the manufacturers, and their suppliers, their dealers and their customers in order to generalize about contract as it is found in this kind of large scale industry. This discussion will be limited to practices within the United States and the consequences of those practices under its legal system. We lack data for a full comparative analysis. Nonetheless what is said here is likely to have relevance in other nations. The automobile manufacturers are important transnational corporations and their practices are models for other large corporations. While the precise legal techniques used will differ, it is likely that the goal of risk avoidance and minimization will be pursued in all nations in which such organizations operate.
Composition and origin of lung fluid proteome in premature infants and relationship to respiratory outcome.

Background Infants born at extremely low gestational age are at high risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and continuing lung disease. There are no early clinical biomarkers for pulmonary outcome and limited therapeutic interventions. Objectives We performed global proteomics of premature infant tracheal aspirate (TA) and plasma to determine the composition and source of lung fluid proteins and to identify potential biomarkers of respiratory outcome. Methods TA samples were collected from intubated infants in the TOLSURF cohort before and after nitric oxide treatment, and plasma was collected from NO CLD infants. Protein abundance was assayed by HPLC/tandem mass spectrometry and Protein Prospector software. mRNA abundance in mid-gestation fetal lung was assessed by RNA sequencing. Pulmonary morbidity was defined as a need for ventilatory support at term and during the first year. Results Abundant TA proteins included albumin, hemoglobin, and actin-related proteins. 96 of 137 detected plasma proteins were present in TA (r = 0.69, p<0.00001). Based on lung RNAseq data, ~88% of detected TA proteins in injured infant lung are derived at least in part from lung epithelium with overrepresentation in categories of cell membrane/secretion and stress/inflammation. Comparing 37 infants at study enrollment (7–14 days) who did or did not develop persistent pulmonary morbidity, candidate biomarkers of both lung (eg., annexin A5) and plasma (eg., vitamin D-binding protein) origin were identified. Notably, levels of free hemoglobin were 2.9-fold (p = 0.03) higher in infants with pulmonary morbidity. In time course studies, hemoglobin decreased markedly in most infants after enrollment coincident with initiation of inhaled nitric oxide treatment. Conclusions We conclude that both lung epithelium and plasma contribute to the lung fluid proteome in premature infants with lung injury. Early postnatal elevation of free hemoglobin and heme, which are both pro-oxidants, may contribute to persistent lung disease by depleting nitric oxide and increasing oxidative/nitrative stress.
Non-linear Analysis for Operational Safety Verification of Cyber Physical Systems

Reach set approximation is an important tool for operational safety analysis of Cyber -Physical systems (CPS). However, industrial CPS typically experience non-linear dynamics. Piece-wise linearization is popularly employed to simplify the continuous dynamics with certain approximation errors, which typically increase non-linearly with respect to size of each piece (simplex). In this paper, we utilize ExReach that employs a novel reach set estimation algorithm for non-linear hybrid systems and show the use on practical medical cyber-physical system examples such as artificial pancreas and ventilators. In addition, we compare the performance of ExReach with existing tools such as Flow* on six non-linear systems with dimensions varying from 2 to 28. ExReach outputs a tighter over-approximation of the reach set of the CPS than Flow* or C2E2.
Application of back-translation: a transfer learning approach to identify ambiguous software requirements

Ambiguous requirements are problematic in requirement engineering as various stakeholders can debate on the interpretation of the requirements leading to a variety of issues in the development stages. Since requirement specifications are usually written in natural language, analyzing ambiguous requirements is currently a manual process as it has not been fully automated to meet the industry standards. In this paper, we used transfer learning by using ULMFiT where we pre-trained our model to a general-domain corpus and then fine-tuned it to classify ambiguous vs unambiguous requirements (target task). We then compared its accuracy with machine learning classifiers like SVM, Linear Regression, and Multinomial Naive Bayes. We also used back translation (BT) as a text augmentation technique to see if it improved the classification accuracy. Our results showed that ULMFiT achieved higher accuracy than SVM (Support Vector Machines), Logistic Regression and Multinomial Naive Bayes for our initial data set. Further by augmenting requirements using BT, ULMFiT got a higher accuracy than SVM, Logistic Regression, and Multinomial Naive Bayes classifier, improving the initial performance by 5.371%. Our proposed research provides some promising insights on how transfer learning and text augmentation can be applied to small data sets in requirements engineering.
Defying the odds: horseplayers and female jockeys

The effect of a jockey’s sex on both pari-mutuel betting odds and race outcomes is examined for a three-year sample of North American thoroughbred races. The results reveal that for all races in to...
Real-World Experience of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel and Tisagenlecleucel for Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive B-cell Lymphomas: A Single-Institution Experience.

Abstract Background CD19-directed chimeric antigen T-cell receptor (CAR-T) therapies have revolutionized the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) aggressive B-cell lymphomas (aBCL). The results of the landmark ZUMA-1 and JULIET trials have been reproducible in real-world settings across multiple institutions, and patients with double (DHL) or triple (THL) hit lymphomas have demonstrated non-inferior outcomes compared to non-DHL/THL counterparts. Materials and Methods This retrospective cohort study included 53 patients with R/R aBCL who received CAR-T from October 2017 to June 2020 at the University of California, Los Angeles. Patient characteristics, lymphoma-related variables and outcomes of interest were summarized using descriptive statistics and compared between groups by Fisher's exact test. Kaplan-Meier methods were used for analysis of OS, progression free survival (PFS), and duration of response (DOR). Univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis were performed to evaluate for significant prognostic variables. Results With a median follow-up of 15.2 months, this cohort demonstrated overall response rate and complete response rate of 72% and 64% (n = 34), respectively. The median DOR, PFS and OS were not reached, 7.9 and 17.7 months, respectively. By univariate analysis, DHL/THL status was the only clinical feature significantly associated with relapse post-CAR-T (OR 5.9, P = .015). Conclusions Our single-institution, real-world cohort of R/R aBCL patients demonstrated similar efficacy outcomes to those of the ZUMA-1 and JULIET trials and published real-world studies. Our findings suggest DHL/THL patients may benefit from novel CAR-T constructs, maintenance strategies with immunomodulatory agents or allogeneic-HCT.
Using GIS to Investigate the Role of Recreation and Leisure Activities in the Prevention of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of recreation and leisure activities in the prevention of emotional and behavioral disorders. The number of children having emotional and behavioral disorders identified in the schools continues to rise every year. The chapter presents evidence that neighborhood‐level risk factors should be considered when interventional programming is being planned. Recreational and leisure activities are found to be effective in reducing behavior problems in children. Children in at‐risk neighborhoods have access to such activities. Geographic information system (GIS) software and information available on the internet can be used to create community resource maps. Early interventionists can use these maps to locate recreational facilities, identify area strengths, and deficiencies. By changing the structural characteristics of neighborhoods, such as the economic and social resources available, it is likely to make significant changes for children and families in inner‐city communities.
Human Cloning: Legal Aspects

Human cloning debates fall into two broad categories: reproductive and therapeutic. Both varieties of human cloning have important legal aspects from ownership of genetic material, stem cell research, the dignity and respect for human life, reproductive rights of individuals, among other things, to the rights of potentially cloned individuals. Two basic facts complicate the legal issues with cloning: the biological technology needed to achieve human cloning can be found in most good labs, and writing and enforcing laws on either kind of human cloning is difficult to achieve. And even though there is a general consensus about the need to ban reproductive cloning in the world community, the views concerning therapeutic cloning are varied and have complicated the legal matters internationally and in individual nations. It is certain that regulations will continue to change at a rate slower than the biological technology. Key concepts: Reproductive cloning is cloning where the live birth of another individual is intended, and has been consistently opposed by all government and most individuals. Therapeutic cloning is cloning for purposes other than the live birth of an individual, and has seen support by some governments and many individuals. UNESCO or the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization which functions as a mechanism that attempts to gain universal agreements on emerging ethical issues related to science and education. The UK has a clear prohibition on reproductive human cloning, but works to keep laws current with and relevant to technological advances. The EU supports funding for embryonic stem cell research, but has banned human cloning. The USA has a complex mix of state and federal regulations and interlocutors often conflate the cloning issues with the abortion debate, which gives rise to strong objections to both types of cloning and to stem cell research. Keywords: cloning; law; human rights; international regulation; genetics