cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do alcohol use disorders destabilize the course of bipolar disorder

Abstract Objectives To determine whether long-term data implicate a negative effect of alcohol-use disorders (AUDs) on time to remission, risk of mood episode recurrence, and risk of mood switch/cycling in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). The short-term temporal sequence between alcohol use and onset of mood episodes was also examined. Methods A MEDLINE literature search was conducted for measurement-based reports of alcohol and course of bipolar disorder. Results Twenty-three original data publications were identified. Three out of 5 studies addressing the impact of AUDs on recovery from a mood episode demonstrated that alcohol did not prolong index mood episodes of any type. Six out of 11 reports evaluating the relationship between alcohol and the long term risk of mood episode recurrences suggested that high levels of alcohol intake increase the risk of a mood recurrence. Five out of 7 studies evaluating the short-term temporal sequence of AUDs and development of mood episodes among BD patients found that increased alcohol use preceded the development of new mood episodes. Four out of 5 studies examining the association between alcohol and rapid cycling indicated that AUDs were associated with higher rates of rapid-cycling. Limitations We limited our review to studies that were large enough to perform statistical testing, which may have led us to overlook informative smaller studies. Conclusions Although alcohol does not seem to affect time to mood episode remission, alcohol use destabilizes the course of illness over the long run as evidenced by associations with more rapid cycling and mood episode recurrence.
Detecting entanglement with non-hermitian operators

We derive a number of entanglement conditions that make use of expectation values of non-hermitian operators. These are applied to study entanglement in systems of optical modes and in spin systems.
Antiferromagnetic transitions in high-Tc materials

The Neel ordering transition of the 2D spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet is studied in the small in-plane anisotropy limit through extensive quantum Monte Carlo simulations on lattices as large as 96x96. At an Ising-like anisotropy energy h^A=0.0025, the system orders at T_c/kT=0.295. This striking effect and related results agree with a wide class of experiments and give some insight into these materials.
Vapor-liquid equilibrium from infinite dilution activity coefficients: measurement and prediction of oxygenated fuel additives with alkanes

Abstract Pividal, K.A., Sterner, C., Sandier, S.I. and Orbey, H., 1992. Vapor-liquid equilibrium from infinite dilution activity coefficients: measurement and prediction of oxygenated fuel additives with alkanes. 72: 227-249. Comparative ebulliometry was used to measure activity coefficients at infinite dilution for binary systems of the oxygenated fuel additives methyl tertiary butyl ether, diisopropyl ether and ethanol with alkanes. The possibility of obtaining parameters for equations of state mixing rules from infinite dilution activity coefficients data was studied. The predictive abilities of some recent equation of state mixing rules which incorporate excess Gibbs free energy models were critically evaluated, and a simple empirical technique for the evaluation of binary interaction parameters in cubic equations of state using infinite dilution activity coefficient data is proposed.
MR Imaging of Apparent 3He Gas Transport in Narrow Pipes and Rodent Airways

High sensitivity makes hyperpolarized 3He an attractive signal source for visualizing gas flow with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Its rapid Brownian motion, however, can blur observed flow lamina and alter measured diffusion rates when excited nuclei traverse shear-induced velocity gradients during data acquisition. Here, both effects are described analytically, and predicted values for measured transport during laminar flow through a straight, 3.2-mm-diameter pipe are validated using two-dimensional (2D) constant-time images of different binary gas mixtures. Results show explicitly how measured transport in narrow conduits is characterized by apparent values that depend on underlying gas dynamics and imaging time. In ventilated rats, this is found to obscure acquired airflow images. Flow splitting at airway branches is still evident, however, and use of 3D vector flow mapping is shown to provide a quantitative view of pulmonary gas supply that highlights the correlation of airflow dynamics with lung structure.
Nanoscale devices based on plasmonic coaxial waveguide resonators

Waveguide-resonator systems are particularly useful for the development of several integrated photonic devices, such as tunable filters, optical switches, channel drop filters, reflectors, and impedance matching elements. In this paper, we introduce nanoscale devices based on plasmonic coaxial waveguide resonators. In particular, we investigate threedimensional nanostructures consisting of plasmonic coaxial stub resonators side-coupled to a plasmonic coaxial waveguide. We use coaxial waveguides with square cross sections, which can be fabricated using lithography-based techniques. The waveguides are placed on top of a silicon substrate, and the space between inner and outer coaxial metals is filled with silica. We use silver as the metal. We investigate structures consisting of a single plasmonic coaxial resonator, which is terminated either in a short or an open circuit, side-coupled to a coaxial waveguide. We show that the incident waveguide mode is almost completely reflected on resonance, while far from the resonance the waveguide mode is almost completely transmitted. We also show that the properties of the waveguide systems can be accurately described using a single-mode scattering matrix theory. The transmission and reflection coefficients at waveguide junctions are either calculated using the concept of the characteristic impedance or are directly numerically extracted using full-wave three-dimensional finite-difference frequency-domain simulations.
Accuracy of counselor age estimates and satisfaction with counseling among younger and older women

Ninety-one younger (M = 26 years) and 91 older (M = 69 years) women serving as pseudoclients in a larger study were asked to estimate the counselor's age in age-similar and age-dissimilar counselor-client dyads. Analyses revealed that although both age groups estimated the ages of younger counselors with similar accuracy, older counselors were inaccurately judged to be substantially older than they really were by the younger pseudoclients. This was not true for older pseudoclients. These findings suggest that the perception of the chronological age of the counselor does vary systematically by client age. In light of the relationship between accuracy of estimated age and both perceived counselor characteristics and satisfaction with counseling, these findings also suggest that a client's estimate of a counselor's age may influence her satisfaction with help, particularly when the client is younger and the counselor is older.
Viscoelastic Damping of Ortho-Planar Springs

This paper presents the design of a damped ortho-planar spring that uses viscoelastic constrained-layer damping to reduce the free response oscillations of the spring and suppress modal resonances in that response. Background, theory, and applications surrounding fully-compliant ortho-planar springs and viscoelastic damping treatments are first discussed. Next, the effect of various constrained layer thickness on the spring constant, damping ratio, equivalent viscous damping ratio, modal frequencies, and modal damping ratios are compared, and trends discussed. The results show that the equivalent viscous damping co-efficient of the viscoelastically-damped spring can be increased to nearly 2.5 times that of the reference configuration without significantly changing the size of the constraining layer or the spring constant of the ortho-planar spring. Viscoelastically-damped ortho-planar springs are also shown to successfully remove mechanical noise from a contact resistance test stand.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
The Contribution of Jonas Greenfield To the Study of Dead Sea Literature

I am thankful for the occasion to discuss Jonas Greenfield's contribution to the study of Dead Sea Literature. His untimely passing has left a great void in this, as in other scholarly fields. The loss was also personal: Jonas was a close colleague and dear friend for more than thirty years. I simply cannot refer to him as "Greenfield"; it is too impersonal. I will either give his full name, or identify him as "Jonas." For me, there is special significance to the present undertaking: Before Jonas passed away, he had been editing a collection of documents from Nahal Hever, written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and NabateanAramaic, and originally discovered by Yigael Yadin. These documents, which date to the Bar Kochba Period and before, had become his central project, and he had been moving ahead with it at a rapid pace in recent years. After Jonas' death, I accepted the assignment of bringing his project to completion, and will continue to work together with Ada Yardeni, who had been Jonas' collaborator on the Nahal Hever documents for some years. Late in 1994, Jonas, together with Ada Yardeni, published one of the major Aramaic, legal documents from Nahal Hever, with extensive notes and commentary, and with Ada Yardeni's exceptional hand copies, which have been drawn of all of the Nahal Hever documents. A similar study of yet another Aramaic document, also with Ada Yardeni, is soon to appear in Hebrew.' It should also be noted that Jonas edited the Aramaic signatures of the Greek documents from Nahal Hever, published by Naphtali Lewis in 1989.2 These publications were preceded and have been accompanied by a series of articles on particular aspects of the Nahal Hever documents appearing between the years 1988 and Jonas' death in March, 1995, and there are additional manuscripts awaiting publication. As I
The community. Where reform rolls on.

What now for health care system reform? For a look at how and where health care systems are changing regardless of progress in the national debate, we go to the community. We should be doing all we can to accelerate the change that is already under way in many communities: the formation of new partnerships among hospitals, physicians, and others, partnerships that are perhaps bringing more positive change in the way health care is delivered and costs are contained than any national mandate could. Certainly we need action at the national level to achieve coverage for all Americans. But hospitals, health systems, and physicians across the country recognize that although Congress is unlikely to act any time soon, the problems that pushed health care to the top of the national agenda—such as the tens of millions of uninsured Americans and the fear of losing coverage—are still very much with us.
The use of glipizide combined with intensive insulin treatment for the induction of remissions in new onset adult type I diabetes.

To determine if glipizide could enhance remission induction in new onset type 1 diabetes compared to intensive insulin treatment alone, 27 patients with type 1 diabetes were intensively treated in an open randomized trial with subcutaneous injections for one month. The insulin was randomly either discontinued (Group A) or the insulin discontinued and glipizide begun (Group B). Three patients in Group A (22%) and 7 in Group B (54%, p <.05) underwent insulin-free remissions for 10.3 ±4.4 and 8.7 ±2.6 months, respectively (p = NS). Mean blood glucose levels during insulin treatment were lower in patients entering remissions (94 ±3 mg/dl versus 102 ±5 mg/dl, p <0.05). C-peptide levels were performed 0, 4, 8, and 24 weeks after insulin treatment. When all patients were examined, mean stimulated C-peptide levels at 4 weeks (0.58 ±0.09 pm/ml) were incrreased compared to time 0 (0.32 ±0.05 pm/ml, p <0.02). Patients not entering remission had higher 4-week stimulated values (0.67±0.12 pm/ml) compared to time 0 val...
Electron microscopic observations on a fibrous component in amyloid of diverse origins.

AMYLOIDOSIS in man and animals may be associated with other disease entities or may occur spontaneously. The relationship, if any, of the different forms of amyloid has proved difficult to ascertain, and the chemical nature of amyloid has not been established. Previous studies have indicated that it is predominantly protein in nature1,2 and have suggested that the protein is not primarily collagen3 or γ-globulin4. No chemical differences have been noted in amyloid of different sources. The precise definition of the amyloid protein has, however, been hampered by its insolubility in organic solvents.
HIGH-ELEVATION FOREST SOILS OF THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS. II : GEOMORPHOLOGY, PEDOGENESIS, AND CLAY MINERALOGY

We investigated soil mineral weathering sequences in three geologically distinct high-elevation areas of southern Appalachian spruce-fir (Picea rubens Sarg.-Abies fraseri [Pursh.] Poir) forests in order to elucidate the pedogenic factors that distinguish these unique soils from their low-elevation counterparts. Four pedons representing a developmental sequence ranging from soils having distinct spodic field morphology (E plus Bhs horizons) to those having either minimal (weak E horizons) or no spodic character (umbric epipedons/cambic horizons) were selected for further study from a total of 35 excavated pits. Whereas the mineralogy of sand and silt fractions reflected inheritance from parent materials, clay mineral suites of all soils were very similar, indicating biotic and climatic controls on weathering. Surface-horizon clay fractions were dominated by regularly interstratified mica/vermiculite and high-charge smectite, which decreased with depth in all profiles. Subsoil clay fractions were principally composed of gibbsite and hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite. Genesis of secondary 2:1 layer silicates in these soils occurs initially by the pseudomorphic transformation of biotite to both hydrobiotite and vermiculite. However, direct conversion of biotite to kaolinite is of little importance in these soils. The demonstrated mobility of Al-organic complexes out of surface horizons and the inability of hydroxy-Al interlayers to form in vermiculite in the presence of organic acids suggest that these soils are undergoing early stages of podzolization and that they are more similar to northern Appalachian Spodosols than they are to adjacent low-elevation soils of the southern mountains.
The political economy of income distribution in South Korea: The impact of the state's industrialization policies

Abstract A number of previous studies of economic growth and income distribution in South Korea, based largely on 1960s data, concluded that South Korea was an exception to Kuznets' ‘inverse U-pattern’ of income inequality. Also, it was regarded as an exception to the usual negative consequences predicted by dependency theory for an economy so dependent on foreign capital and world markets. This author presents more recent data — for the 1970s and early 1980s — in order to support his claim that the trend toward income equality that appeared in the 1960s was reversed in the 1970s. The author develops a thesis that stresses the role of the state in shaping the Korean political economy. He argues that it has been the strong South Korean developmentalist state in firm control of both domestic and foreign capital and its export-oriented industrialization policies that have been the principal determinant of the pattern of income distribution. He contests the usual explanation related to the level of economic development or external dependency per se.
Direct reconstruction methods for hyperspectral imaging with rotational spectrotomography

A new technique for hyperspectral imaging called spectrotomography collects all available photons and relies on computer tomography to reconstruct the three-dimensional data cube of an object. A rotational spectrotomographic (RST) imager is designed with a wide-aperture, objective-grating camera that is rotated in steps around its optical axis. The full range of spatial and spectral resolution is achieved by the use of a stepped-focal-length (zoom) lens to illuminate the grating. Two-dimensional projections of the object are analyzed with the use of both direct Fourier methods and filter-backprojection algorithms. The RST imager has applications to detection of optical emissions where large photon throughput is required.
The quality of innovation and the extent of the market

Abstract I present a comprehensive model of international trade in technology that considers both the demand for inventions and the supply of inventions. On the demand side, domestic and foreign firms make strategic technology adoption decisions. On the supply side, inventors compete to sell licenses for their technology to domestic and foreign firms. Countries benefit from international trade in technology because they obtain the best invention from a larger pool of inventions. International trade in technology increases the extent of the market for inventions and thereby improves the quality of innovation. Technology trade lowers prices, increases outputs, and increases the volume of trade in differentiated products. When traded products are not close substitutes, international markets for technology generate gains from trade. The results of the analysis are robust to the possibility of technology transfer either through expropriation or imitation. Protection of intellectual property rights preserves incentives for entry of inventors and improves the quality of innovation.
Fusion Relation in Products of Association Schemes

Fusion relations between the association schemes obtained by direct product and wreath product are established via a study of their matrix representations. The character table of the scheme obtained by the wreath product is described and some algebraic properties of the products are derived.
The characterization of enamel surface demineralization, remineralization, and associated hardness changes in human and bovine material.

Abstract Enamel demineralization and remineralization were investigated in relation to change of surface microhardness. Within the investigated range of 120 hardness units from the initial, mineral loss or gain were reflected in parallel, linear changes of microhardness. Changes of one hardness unit corresponded to about 0.04 μ moles of Ca2+/cm2 of test surface. The molar Ca P ratio was 1.65 for both the demineralization as well as the remineralization process; this result indicated a stoichiometric dissolution and redeposition of hydroxyapatite in the enamel. On the basis of calculations of indenter penetration, softened enamel was shown to have gradients of mineral density from the surface inwards depending upon the demineralization method. The softening and rehardening were shown to take place in the outer 5 μ of enamel surface. The acid resistance of the rehardened enamel was similar to that of the original.
Effects of subcutaneous microtags on the growth, survival, and vulnerability to predation of small reef fishes

Marking reef fish with small, subcutaneous tags has proven to be a useful technique in ecological studies in both temperate and tropical systems. However, such tags may have adverse impacts on tagged individuals, possibly biasing estimates of demographic rates. We used field experiments on natural and artificial patch reefs to test for effects of subcutaneous acrylic paint and visual implant (VI) tags on the growth and mortality of the tropical goby Coryphopterus glaucofraenum (Gill). Growth of small ( ∼35 mm TL) fish was unaffected by tagging method. Neither acrylic paint, nor VI tags, influenced the mortality of C. glaucofraenum. We also conducted experiments in large outdoor tanks to test whether visual implant fluorescent elastomer (VIE) tags increased the susceptibility to predation of two temperate gobies, Coryphopterus nicholsii (Bean) and Lythrypnus dalli (Gilbert). For both goby species, tagged fish were no more susceptible to predatory kelp bass, Paralabrax clathratus (Girard) than untagged fish. Overall, with the exception of the slight reduction in growth of small C. glaucofraenum caused by acrylic paint tags, our results indicate that internal microtags can provide an effective means of marking small reef fish without introducing significant artifacts.
Positive definite Toeplitz matrices, the Arnoldi process for isometric operators, and Gaussian quadrature on the unit circle

Abstract We show that the well-known Levinson algorithm for computing the inverse Cholesky factorization of positive definite Toeplitz matrices can be viewed as a special case of a more general process. The latter process provides a very efficient implementation of the Arnoldi process when the underlying operator is isometric. This is analogous with the case of Hermitian operators where the Hessenberg matrix becomes tridiagonal and results in the Hermitian Lanczos process. We investigate the structure of the Hessenberg matrices in the isometric case and show that simple modifications of them move all their eigenvalues to the unit circle. These eigenvalues are then interpreted as abscissas for analogs of Gaussian quadrature, now on the unit circle instead of the real line. The trapezoidal rule appears as the analog of the Gauss-Legendre formula.
Chemisorption of ethylene, propylene and isobutylene on ordered Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys

Abstract The adsorption and decomposition of a series of alkenes – ethylene, propylene and isobutylene – on Pt(111) and the (2×2) and ( 3 × 3 ) R 30° Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys was investigated with temperature programmed desorption (TPD), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and sticking coefficient measurements. In the case of ethylene, this study extends a previous investigation [M.T. Paffett, S.C. Gebhard, R.G. Windham and B.E. Koel. Surf. Sci. 223 (1989) 449]. We report for the first time a (2 3 ×2 3 ) R 30° ordered structure for ethylene chemisorbed on the (2×2)Sn/Pt(111) surface alloy. In general for these small alkenes, sticking coefficient and TPD measurements show little or no effect of alloyed Sn on either the initial sticking coefficient or the saturation coverage of these molecules on the two Sn/Pt(111) ordered surface alloys when compared with the clean Pt(111) surface at 100 K. As was reported previously for ethylene, these Pt–Sn surface alloys have weaker propylene and isobutylene chemisorption bonding and strongly suppressed decomposition. Considering propylene and isobutylene as methyl-substituted ethylene reveals a small trend toward decreasing adsorption energy and on all of these surfaces as the amount of methyl substitution increases. The propylene adsorption energy decreases from 17.4 to 14.8 and then to 11.7 kcal mol −1 as the substrate is changed from Pt(111) to the (2×2) and the ( 3 × 3 ) R 30° alloys, as estimated by TPD peak temperatures. The isobutylene adsorption energy decreases from 17.1 to 14.7 and then to 10.8 kcal mol −1 for the same series. This implicates that the “Pt-only” three-fold hollow sites are very important for strong alkene chemisorption, since removal of these sites on the ( 3 × 3 ) R 30° alloy causes a sharper decrease in the adsorption energy than expected based upon the changes observed for the (2×2) alloy. Even though propylene and isobutylene contain allylic C–H bonds that are much weaker than the vinylic C–H bonds in ethylene, only ca. 5–7% as much propylene and isobutylene decomposes on the (2×2) alloy compared to the Pt(111) surface and no decomposition occurs on the ( 3 × 3 ) R 30° alloy. This result shows the importance of adjacent “Pt-only” three-fold hollow sites in alkene decomposition.
Experimental Validation of Computer Models for Food and Polymer Extrusion

The accuracy and validity of the mathematical and numerical modeling of extruders for polymers and for food are considered in terms of experimental results obtained on typical full-size single and twin-screw extruders. The fluid is treated as non-Newtonian and with strong temperature-dependent properties. The chemical conversion of food during extrusion is also considered. The numerical modeling is employed for steady-state transport, for a range of operating conditions. Following grid-independence studies, the results obtained are first considered in terms of the expected physical behavior of the process, yielding good agreement with observations presented in the literature. The results are then compared with detailed and qualitative experimental results available from previous investigations to evaluate their accuracy. Good agreement with experimental data is obtained, lending strong support to the mathematical and numerical models.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
An Experimental Study on Voids in Mixed Alloy Assemblies

The electronics manufacturing industry is gradually migrating towards to a lead-free environment. During this transition, there will be a period where lead-free materials will need to coexist with those containing lead on the same assembly. The use of tin-lead solder with lead-free parts and lead-free solder with components containing lead can hardly be avoided. If it can be shown that lead-free Ball Grid Arrays (BGAs) can be successfully assembled with tin-lead solder while concurrently obtaining more than adequate solder joint reliability, then the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) will accept lead-free components regardless of the attachment process or material used. Consequently, the Electronics Manufacturing Service (EMS) providers need not carry both the leaded and the unleaded version of a component. Solder voids are the holes and recesses that occur in the joints. Some say the presence of voids is expected to affect the mechanical properties of a joint and reduce strength, ductility, creep, and fatigue life. Some believe that it may slow down crack propagation by forcing a re-initiation of the crack. Consequently, it has the ability to stop a crack. The primary objective of this research effort is to develop a robust process for mixed alloy assemblies such that the occurrence of voids is minimized. Since there is no recipe currently available for mixed alloy assemblies, this research will study and 'optimize' each assembly process step. The difference between the melting points of lead-free (217°C) and tin-lead (183°C) solder alloys is the most important constraint in a mixed alloy assembly. The effect of voids on solder joint reliability in tin-lead assembly is well documented. However, its effect on lead-free and mixed alloy assemblies has not received due attention. The secondary objective of this endeavor is to determine the percentage of voids observed in mixed alloy assemblies and compare the results to both tin-lead and lead-free assemblies. The effect of surface finish, solder volume, reflow profile parameters, and component pitch on the formation of voids is studied across different assemblies. A designed experiments approach is followed to develop a robust process window for mixed alloy assemblies. Reliability studies are also conducted to understand the effect of voids on solder joint failures when subjected to accelerated testing conditions.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Traumatic Brain Injury Associated with Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Risk Factors, Evaluation, and Outcomes

Rehabilitation after spinal cord injury (SCI) involves learning new skills and adjusting to disability. The patient with SCI relies on intact cognitive processing to master these tasks. Therefore, even a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) may hinder the rehabilitation effort. Because of the similarities in the mechanisms of SCI and TBI, it is not surprising that a large percentage of patients with SCI have a concomitant TBI, and it is important to identify this complication in these patients. To aid in this identification, we review literature examining the incidence and risk factors of SCI with TBI and also review evaluation tools and outcome studies for this challenging dual diagnosis.
The Need for Clinical Decision Support Integrated with the Electronic Health Record for the Clinical Application of Whole Genome Sequencing Information

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is rapidly approaching widespread clinical application. Technology advancements over the past decade, since the first human genome was decoded, have made it feasible to use WGS for clinical care. Future advancements will likely drive down the price to the point wherein WGS is routinely available for care. However, were this to happen today, most of the genetic information available to guide clinical care would go unused due to the complexity of genetics, limited physician proficiency in genetics, and lack of genetics professionals in the clinical workforce. Furthermore, these limitations are unlikely to change in the future. As such, the use of clinical decision support (CDS) to guide genome-guided clinical decision-making is imperative. In this manuscript, we describe the barriers to widespread clinical application of WGS information, describe how CDS can be an important tool for overcoming these barriers, and provide clinical examples of how genome-enabled CDS can be used in the clinical setting.
Free mutual mate preferences in house mice affect reproductive success and offspring performance

Abstract When social constraints on the expression of mate preferences are absent, variation in offspring viability is predicted to favour females and males that display mate preferences. Earlier studies showed that female and male house mice, Mus domesticus, tested individually and mated with preferred (P) partners had higher reproductive success and better progeny performance than individuals mated with nonpreferred (NP) partners. Here we tested the effects of mutual mate preferences on reproductive success, offspring viability and performance. We conducted mate preference tests and created four types of reproductive pairings. One involved females and males that preferred each other (P–P); the second type had females that preferred the male but the male did not prefer the female (P–NP); the third had females that did not prefer the male but the male did prefer the female (NP–P). The last set consisted of females and males that did not prefer each other (NP–NP). We measured components of fitness for breeders (reproductive success) and offspring viability (birth-to-weaning viability and weight variation) as well as measures of offspring performance. There were no statistical differences in reproductive success of breeders or offspring viability and quality (weight variation) among the four types of pairings. There were, however, consistent differences between P–P versus NP–NP matings. The number of pups weaned, time to first litter, birth-to-weaning viability, pup body weight at birth and weaning, and the growth rates for pups of both sexes were consistently greater for progeny from P–P matings than NP–NP matings. Significant differences occurred among the four mating types in dominance of sons during aggression trials, nest construction and predator avoidance. Progeny from P–P matings displayed behaviour associated with higher fitness more often than progeny from NP–NP matings. These data show that breeders produce more highly competent progeny, most likely to survive, when social constraints on the expression of mate preferences in both sexes are relaxed.Copyright 2003 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cultivation, frozen storage, and clonal growth of normal human epidermal keratinocytes in serum-free media

Methods are described for serum-free culture of human epidermal keratinocytes derived from neonatal foreskin tissue. Cultures are initiated, stored frozen, and returned to active growth, all with bovine pituitary extract as the only undefined supplement. Clonal growth assays are then performed in a biochemically defined medium. The degree of stratification and differentiation in the defined medium (and also with pituitary extract) is controlled by the extracellular calcium ion concentration.
Conservation laws for dissipative systems possessing classical normal modes

Linear, viscously damped dynamical systems whose matrix coefficients satisfy a certain commutativity condition are known to exhibit the same normal modes as the ones associated with the same system in the absence of damping. Such dissipative systems are said to possess classical normal modes. In the present study, it is shown that the original equation of motion in the displacemnt vector which exhibits velocity coupling can be transformed into an equation where the velocity term is no longer present, but whose matrix coefficients are time-dependent. A commutativity condition further reduces the resulting equation into one with constant coefficients. Global and modal energy conservation laws are constructed for this equation governing the undamped position vector, and the results are expressed in terms of the original damped physical vector. As a by-product of the analysis, independent first integrals equal in number to the degrees of freedom of the system are obtained.
Classification-based wheel slip detection and detector fusion for mobile robots on outdoor terrain

This paper introduces a signal-recognition based approach for detecting autonomous mobile robot immobilization on outdoor terrain. The technique utilizes a support vector machine classifier to form class boundaries in a feature space composed of statistics related to inertial and (optional) wheel speed measurements. The proposed algorithm is validated using experimental data collected with an autonomous robot operating in an outdoor environment. Additionally, two detector fusion techniques are proposed to combine the outputs of multiple immobilization detectors. One technique is proposed to minimize false immobilization detections. A second technique is proposed to increase overall detection accuracy while maintaining rapid detector response. The two fusion techniques are demonstrated experimentally using the detection algorithm proposed in this work and a dynamic model-based algorithm. It is shown that the proposed techniques can be used to rapidly and robustly detect mobile robot immobilization in outdoor environments, even in the absence of absolute position information.
Modified Anopore™ hybrid membranes for the microfiltration of cellulose acid hydrolysis mixtures

Abstract Three classes of nonfouling substances, poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (POEM), poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA), and perfluoroalkyl tagged poly(ethylene glycol) surfactants (fPEG) were covalently tethered onto the surface of Anopore™ membranes (nominal pore size 0.2 μm) to form a series of organic–inorganic hybrid membranes. These membranes were then used for the microfiltration of cellulose acid hydrolysis mixtures. Flux recoveries of over 80% after three filtration cycles were observed for the hybrid membranes. Thus the fluxes of the three synthesized hybrid membranes could be largely recovered by washing with methanol and water after the microfiltration of cellulose hydrolysis mixtures. In contrast the bare membranes showed much lower flux recoveries. It was also shown that the grafted polymer layer improves the stability of the membranes in acidic environment. The synthesized membranes were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which were used to understand the morphology and chemical compositions of the membrane surfaces, and the results of these methods correlate with the microfiltration data presented. Mathematical modeling of the microfiltration data indicates that the pore constriction model best describes the fouling behavior of the bare Anopore™ membrane, while the cake filtration model fits the data most satisfactorily for the three groups of hybrid membranes. The current work presents an alternative approach to membrane design for biomass related separations.
Church and State Relations: The Changes Wrought by Constantine

Church and State relations a topic of public debate. There are many issues involved here public religious observances, government assistance or exemptions extended to church groups, legislation reflecting particular religious and moral teachings to name a few. We cannot escape the fact that religion and the churches have a special status in our country, and that they exercise a considerable influence on society and even on government policy. It is historically instructive to see how many of the contemporary patterns and practices in respect to Church and State go back to that crucial period of initial recognition of the Church by the State under the emperor Constantine. For it was in that period that the Church and its clergy first received certain privileges and exemptions from the State, and that the State began to clothe itself in Christian forms and ceremony. I should like therefore to examine the changes which took place in Church and State relations under Constantine, particularly the legislation affecting the Church. I want to ask how, if at all, these changes were prepared for, how they were effected, and how, from the perspective of the Church, they were justified. The earliest Christians lived, of course, in a non-Christian and usually hostile society. The Church's claim to an exclusive revelation ruled out any possibility of syncretism or co-existence with the other cults of the Roman empire. The Church's position was analogous to that of Judaism with its rigid monotheism, but the Jews existed not merely as a religion but also as a nation with a long history. Their claim to special status was one of birthright. The Church, on the other hand, chose not to remain a sect of Judaism but rather to open itself to the world. It could not claim legal status as a nation, nor could it expect toleration as a religion without acknowledging the official emperor cult. Still, as the New Testament indicates, the relationship of Church and State did not become at once a matter of open conflict. There are at least three attitudes toward the State to be found in the New Testament.' There is the attitude of Luke, especially in the Acts of the Apostles, which views the
Beyond Credibility of Doing Business in China: Strategies for Improving Corporate Citizenship of Foreign Multinational Enterprises in China

This study examines the perceptions of Chinese executives concerning corporate social responsibilities in their Chinese subsidiaries of foreign multinational corporations in China. These Chinese subsidiaries are found in the elementary stage of corporate citizen development even though their headquarters are in the advanced stage. The key challenges of moving Chinese subsidiaries to be better corporate citizens in China are specific Chinese business culture, intellectual property rights, internal due process, insufficient Chinese government support, and lack of knowledge of Chinese subsidiaries. Through this study, foreign multinational corporations need to invest in social capital that facilitates the transfer of knowledge of comprehensive corporate responsible practices from the headquarters to their Chinese subsidiaries, and to encourage their Chinese subsidiaries to be more actively engaged with external business partners that support corporate social responsibility.
Motor design innovations using thermoplastic structural and insulating components

Molded thermoplastic structural and insulating parts are providing cost savings in a widening range of small and medium-sized motors. The authors discuss the development of multifunctional designs that reduce costs of motors for appliances, other consumer products, and various industrial equipment. It is concluded that recent designs in stators and end brackets made of engineering thermoplastics show that motor designers are taking increased advantage of these materials. The latest designs show the consolidation of more functions into fewer parts and wider use of integrally molded assembly features. >
Evaluations of Dangerousness

The Supreme Court decided in O'Connor v. Donaldson that mentally ill people who were not dangerous and who could survive safely in the community could not be kept in a mental hospital against their will. In 1976, a project evaluated the legality of the commitments of 107 patients in a State mental hospital. The review was conducted by three panels, each composed of a law student, a resident psychiatrist, and a social worker. Evaluations of a patient's dangerousness were made on the basis of information from the patient's hospital records, an interview with the patient's primary therapist at the hospital, and interviews with the patient. Analysis of project recommendations revealed that commitment decisions were more related to the clinical outlook of the evaluators than to the patient's behavior. Language: en
Hematologic associations of leg ulcers

Abstract Hematologic abnormalities can cause or promote cutaneous ulceration in two ways: by cell proliferation within the skin and subsequent necrosis, or through circulatory impairment which may be complicated by anemia. By their nature systemic problems, hematologic disorders can affect any cutaneous site, but the legs are often the first site of such ulceration for several reasons: high venous hydrostatic pressures, coexisting arterial or venous insufficiency, and frequent cutaneous vasoconstriction and chilling in cold environments, which may further embarass tenuous circulation or precipitate cold-related vascular syndromes. To facilitate consideration of the hematologie associations of leg ulceration, these conditions have been divided into four categories: nonmalignant red cell disorders, proliferative disorders, disorders with an important hematologic association, and disorders of coagulation.
A Hybrid Computational Approach for the Prediction of Small Non-coding RNAs from Genome Sequences

Researching the bacterial gene expression is a meaningful way to control and prevent the diseases which caused by bacteria. Recent researches indicate non-coding RNAs (ncRNA / sRNA) perform a variety of critical regulatory functions in bacteria. Since sRNAs have the consistent sequence characteristics, the genome-wide searching for sRNAs, especially the computational method, have become an effective way to predict the non-coding RNAs. This article proposes a hybrid computational approach for prediction of small non-coding RNAs which integrates three critical techniques, secondary structural algorithm, thermo-dynamic stability analysis and sequence conservation prediction. Relying on these computational techniques, our approach was used to search for sRNAs in Streptococcus pyogenes which is one of the most important bacteria for human health. This search led five candidates of sRNA to be predicted as the key components of known regulatory pathways in S. pyogens.
Interaction of a partially fluorinated long-chain nicotinate with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine.

The interaction of a partially fluorinated long-chain nicotinate, F-NA18, a compound of interest as a chemopreventive agent, with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) was investigated in monolayers at the air-water interface and in fully hydrated bilayers and compared with its hydrocarbon analog, NA18. For the monolayer studies, the compression isotherms of mixtures of F-NA18 with DPPC were recorded at various compositions on a hydrochloric acid subphase (pH = 1.9–2.1, 32 ± 2°C). Analysis of the composition dependence of the average molecular area at constant film pressure and of the dependence of the breakpoints of the phase transitions suggests that F-NA18 is miscible with DPPC at the air-water interface, whereas NA18 shows some degree of immiscibility. In differential scanning calorimetry studies, only one major phase transition was observed for F-NA18-DPPC mixtures, whereas NA18-DPPC mixtures exhibited a complex phase behavior. The differences in the phase behavior of the respective mixtures may be the result of the geometric packing constraints of F-NA18 versus NA18. Therefore, for biomedical applications, the use of a partially fluorinated tail may offer advantages over simple hydrocarbon systems because, in addition to the chain length, the position and degree of fluorination can be adjusted.
Accuracy of Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography Within the Clinical Practice of the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z4031 Trial to Diagnose Clinical Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is recommended for diagnosis and staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Meta-analyses of FDG-PET diagnostic accuracy demonstrated sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 78% but were performed in select centers, introducing potential bias. This study evaluates the accuracy of FDG-PET to diagnose NSCLC and examines differences across enrolling sites in the national American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG) Z4031 trial. Methods Between 2004 and 2006, 959 eligible patients with clinical stage I (cT1-2 N0 M0) known or suspected NSCLC were enrolled in the Z4031 trial, and with a baseline FDG-PET available for 682. Final diagnosis was determined by pathologic examination. FDG-PET avidity was categorized into avid or not avid by radiologist description or reported maximum standard uptake value. FDG-PET diagnostic accuracy was calculated for the entire cohort. Accuracy differences based on preoperative size and by enrolling site were examined. Results Preoperative FDG-PET results were available for 682 participants enrolled at 51 sites in 39 cities. Lung cancer prevalence was 83%. FDG-PET sensitivity was 82% (95% confidence interval, 79 to 85) and specificity was 31% (95% confidence interval, 23% to 40%). Positive and negative predictive values were 85% and 26%, respectively. Accuracy improved with lesion size. Of 80 false-positive scans, 69% were granulomas. False-negative scans occurred in 101 patients, with adenocarcinoma being the most frequent (64%), and 11 were 10 mm or less. The sensitivity varied from 68% to 91% ( p = 0.03), and the specificity ranged from 15% to 44% ( p = 0.72) across cities with more than 25 participants. Conclusions In a national surgical population with clinical stage I NSCLC, FDG-PET to diagnose lung cancer performed poorly compared with published studies.
The Dentition in Rothmund’s Syndrome

A study was made of a family afflicted with Rothmund’s syndrome. Particular attention was given to the morphology of the tooth crowns. Dental abnormalities were found in the afflicted siblings as well as the “normal” members of the family. The genetic hypothesis given for this situation existing in the extended family is one of autosomal recessive inheritance.