cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tamoxifen-induced growth of leiomyomas. A case report.

BACKGROUND : Tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal estrogen agonist-antagonist, is used in the treatment of breast cancer. CASE : A postmenopausal woman, aged 73, while being treated with Tamoxifen, developed continuous growth of her myomatous uterus, became symptomatic and required surgery. CONCLUSION : Tamoxifen at a dose of 40 mg/d has been associated with endometrial carcinoma. The growth of myomas seen with Tamoxifen in this patient seems to be a result of its direct agonist properties.
Cultural Policy in an Era of Budgetary Stringency and Fiscal Decentralization: The U.S. Experience

In the U.S. and a good many other advanced countries, the 1980s were marked by budgetary stringency and moves toward greater decentralization of public finances, often colored by strong ideological reactions against government intervention in social and economic affairs (although fiscal restraint and decentralization are not inherently characteristics of either right or left ideologies). In the U.S., the state governments in combination now provide considerably more direct cash support of the arts than does the Federal government and the disparity appears to be growing. In addition, the traditional major form of public financial support, Federal tax incentives for private giving, appears likely to be of declining importance.
Uterine Artery Embolization as a Uterine-Sparing Solution for Postpartum Pseudoaneurysms

Abstract Background: Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm (UAP) is an under-recognized source of postpartum hemorrhage, with high morbidity and mortality. UAP has been historically managed with hysterecto...
Impact of bridging chemotherapy on clinical outcome of CD19 CAR T therapy in adult ALL.

2520Background: Autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown to be effective in CD19+ relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-ALL but requires a 2-4 week period of cell processing and...
The FRAME: An expanded framework for reporting adaptations and modifications to evidence-based interventions

This paper describes the process and results of a refinement of a framework to characterize modifications to interventions. The original version did not fully capture several aspects of modification and adaptation that may be important to document and report. Additionally, the earlier framework did not include a way to differentiate cultural adaptation from adaptations made for other reasons. Reporting additional elements will allow for a more precise understanding of modifications, the process of modifying or adapting, and the relationship between different forms of modification and subsequent health and implementation outcomes. We employed a multifaceted approach to develop the updated FRAME involving coding documents identified through a literature review, rapid coding of qualitative interviews, and a refinement process informed by multiple stakeholders. The updated FRAME expands upon Stirman et al.’s original framework by adding components of modification to report: (1) when and how in the implementation process the modification was made, (2) whether the modification was planned/proactive (i.e., an adaptation) or unplanned/reactive, (3) who determined that the modification should be made, (4) what is modified, (5) at what level of delivery the modification is made, (6) type or nature of context or content-level modifications, (7) the extent to which the modification is fidelity-consistent, and (8) the reasons for the modification, including (a) the intent or goal of the modification (e.g., to reduce costs) and (b) contextual factors that influenced the decision. Methods of using the framework to assess modifications are outlined, along with their strengths and weaknesses, and considerations for research to validate these measurement strategies. The updated FRAME includes consideration of when and how modifications occurred, whether it was planned or unplanned, relationship to fidelity, and reasons and goals for modification. This tool that can be used to support research on the timing, nature, goals and reasons for, and impact of modifications to evidence-based interventions.
High Power Density ScAlN-Based Heterostructure FETs for mm-Wave Applications

We report on recent progress on the development of Scandium Aluminum Nitride (ScAlN) based heterostructure field effect transistors (HFETs). We are leveraging the enhanced polarization properties of ScAlN lattice-matched to Gallium Nitride (GaN) to produce heterostructures that support very large carrier densities (>3.0×1013 /cm2). We have successfully grown device-quality ScAlN/GaN heterostructures by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Using these wafers we have fabricated low resistance contacts for ScAlN barrier HFETs and demonstrated transistors which simultaneously achieve high current density (>3 A/mm), large breakdown voltage (>60 V), and good mm-wave small signal gain (>13 dB at 30 GHz). The high current density coupled with the large breakdown field strength of GaN enables both current and voltage scaling of ScAlN/GaN HFETs and enables design of transistors that overcome the Bode-Fano bandwidth limitations.
Comment on “Forward guidance: Communication, commitment, or both?” by Marco Bassetto

•Forward guidance can be cheap talk in an infinitely repeated game with the public.•Asymmetric information is necessary for cheap talk to be useful.•The central bank can build credibility over time to make cheap talk credible.•When to use forward guidance instead of general transparency remains unclear.•Adding a lower bound on interest rates does not change the main conclusions.
Desiccation and supra‐zero temperature storage of cat germinal vesicles lead to less structural damage and similar epigenetic alterations compared to cryopreservation

Understanding cellular and molecular damages in oocytes during exposure to extreme conditions is essential to optimize long-term fertility preservation approaches. Using the domestic cat (Felis catus) model, we are developing drying techniques for oocytes' germinal vesicles (GVs) as a more economical alternative to cryopreservation. The objective of the study was to characterize the influence of desiccation on nuclear envelope conformation, chromatin configuration, and the relative fluorescent intensities of histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 4 (H3K4me3) and at lysine 9 (H3K9me3) compared to vitrification. Results showed that higher proportions of dried/rehydrated GVs maintained normal nuclear envelope conformation and chromatin configuration than vitrified/warmed counterparts. Both preservation methods had a similar influence on epigenetic patterns, lowering H3K4me3 intensity to under 40% while maintaining H3K9me3 levels. Further analysis revealed that the decrease of H3K4me3 intensity mainly occurred during microwave dehydration and subsequent rehydration, whereas sample processing (permeabilization and trehalose exposure) or storage did not significantly affect the epigenetic marker. Moreover, rehydration either directly or stepwise with trehalose solutions did not influence the outcome. This is the first report demonstrating that the incidence of GV damages is lower after desiccation/rehydration than vitrification/warming.
Measuring Peace: Principles, Practices and Politics

Richard Caplan’s most recent book, Measuring Peace: Principles, Practices and Politics (Oxford University Press, 2019) gives a comprehensive overview of current efforts at measuring peace in order ...
Scale Insect Records from Ornamental Plants Help to Prioritize Plant Health Resource Development

Estimates about which scale insect species are most frequently encountered in U.S. landscapes and commercial production systems are largely anecdotal. This survey of records maintained across about...
Quantifying Therapists' Activities during Sensory Integration Treatment for Young Children with Autism.

There is limited research on the type and quantity of actions (activities) occupational therapy practitioners utilize when providing sensory integration treatment to children with Autism Spectrum D...
A Gap, B Gap, Economic Gap: How Athletic Scholarships Force Student-Athletes into Non-Lucrative Majors

Athletic scholarships create an economic gap when student-athletes select non-lucrative majors as opposed to lucrative majors. The Article further asserts that student-athletes should either receive the opportunity to select lucrative majors or receive the financial difference. The issue of student-athletes receiving compensation has long been debated by players and the NCAA. The NCAA asserts that they can restrict payments to athletes by arguing that their restraints have procompetitive effects on the sports market. This argument, heard by the Supreme Court over 35 years ago, won the day in NCAA v. Board of Regents. The NCAA argues that the opportunity to obtain a degree makes up for the lack of financial compensation to student-athletes. Despite this opportunity, it begs the question: “What type of degrees do athletes receive?” Countless reasons exist for why student-athletes should receive financial compensation, but another reason includes the fluctuated value of a college degree which creates an economic gap between student-athletes and non-student-athletes.
SBAR-LA: SBAR Brief Assessment Rubric for Learner Assessment.

Introduction Structured communication tools are associated with improvement in information transfer and lead to improved patient safety. Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation (SBAR) is ...
Reframing Diversity: Inclusive Teaching Practices

Location: Room D Abstract: How we frame the discussion of diversity impacts how faculty members respond to it and how they relate to students and colleagues from historically underrepresented groups. This session will discuss various ways to reframe diversity. Links: Pennsylvania State University, "An Overview of Diversity Awareness" https://extension.psu.edu/an-overview-of-diversity-awareness (Accessed September 16, 2019) (Internet Archive)Shari Saunders and Diana Kardia (1997), "Creating Inclusive College Classrooms" http://www.crlt.umich.edu/gsis/p3_1 (Accessed September 16, 2019) (Internet Archive)
Fast Analysis by Microbore HPLC

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the fast analysis by microbore high performance 1iquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC is capable of operation at much faster speeds than is now common practice, although it is theoretically incapable of the speed achieved by gas chromatography (GC). The equations necessary for the complete kinetic optimization of HPLC systems have been developed for many years. They are not widely used, however, partly because the practice of HPLC has been to employ fixed column lengths, operated at moderate pressures without serious regard to the overall analysis times. The advent of micro-LC techniques using packed columns, which in reality are a resurgence of the original HPLC designs, have produced instruments ideally suited to the requirements of high speed separations.
τ Binds and Organizes Escherichia coli Replication Proteins through Distinct Domains: DOMAIN III, SHARED BY γ AND τ, OLIGOMERIZES DnaX *

The tau and gamma proteins of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme DnaX complex are products of the dnaX gene with gamma being a truncated version of tau arising from ribosomal frameshifting. tau is comprised of five structural domains, the first three of which are shared by gamma (Gao, D., and McHenry, C. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 4433-4453). In the absence of the other holoenzyme subunits, DnaX exists as a tetramer. Association of delta, delta', chi, and psi with domain III of DnaX(4) results in a DnaX complex with a stoichiometry of DnaX(3)deltadelta'chipsi. To identify which domain facilitates DnaX self-association, we examined the properties of purified biotin-tagged DnaX fusion proteins containing domains I-II or III-V. Unlike domain I-II, treatment of domain III-V, gamma, and tau with the chemical cross-linking reagent BS3 resulted in the appearance of high molecular weight intramolecular cross-linked protein. Gel filtration of domains I-II and III-V demonstrated that domain I-II was monomeric, and domain III-V was an oligomer. Biotin-tagged domain III-V, and not domain I-II, was able to form a mixed DnaX complex by recruiting tau, delta, delta', chi, and psi onto streptavidin-agarose beads. Thus, domain III not only contains the delta, delta', chi, and psi binding interface, but also the region that enables DnaX to oligomerize.
The immediate-early gene Egr-1 regulates the activity of the thymidine kinase promoter at the G0-to-G1 transition of the cell cycle.

Abstract Production of thymidine kinase (TK) protein parallels the onset of DNA synthesis during the cell cycle. This process is regulated at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and translational levels to cause a 40- to 50-fold increase in cytosolic enzymatic activity as cells progress from G1 to S phase. Transcriptional activation of the mouse TK gene through the cell cycle is dependent upon previously characterized cis elements of the proximal promoter, called MT1, MT2, and MT3, that bind at least two different complexes: TKE during the transition of cells from quiescence (G0) to G1, and Yi later at the G1/S boundary. To identify the transcription factors involved in this regulation, we screened a mouse fibroblast cDNA expression library with a labeled MT3 oligonucleotide probe and isolated a clone that encodes Egr-1, an immediate-early transcription factor, whose expression is regulated by serum or growth factors during the G0-to-G1 transition when cells reenter the cell cycle. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrate that Egr-1 is involved in the TKE complex that binds to the MT3 element and that expression of Egr-1 induces transcription of a mouse TK-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter in transient transfections. These results suggest a role for Egr-1 in regulating expression of the TK gene at the G0-to-G1 transition.
Selective Reduction and Oxidation Reactions

Aromatization of indolines is important in completing synthetic sequences, in which the directive effects of the indoline ring have been used to achieve selective carbocyclic substitution. One type of procedure represents use of oxidants, which are known to convert amines to imines. Aromatization then provides the indole. Such reagents must not subsequently oxidize the indole. Mercuric acetate (Entry 1) is known to oxidize other types of amines and presumably reacts by an oxidative deprotonation at α- to the complexed nitrogen. 3-Acyl groups on the indole ring can generally be reduced directly to 3-alkyl groups. The reduction proceeds through the intermediate indol-3-ylcarbinol stage and carbinols prepared by other means are also susceptible to reductive deoxygenation. The facility of these reductive displacements depends upon the susceptibility of indol-3-ylcarbinols to elimination. The conversion of indoles to oxindoles can be achieved in several ways. Reaction of indoles with a halogenating agent such as NCS, NBS or pyridinium bromide perbromide in hydroxylic solvents leads to oxindoles. The reaction proceeds by nucleophilic addition to a 3-haloindolenium intermediate.
Understanding Relationship Marketing and Loyalty Program Effectiveness in Global Markets

Abstract Relationship marketing (RM) and loyalty programs (LPs) are key differentiation strategies for firms facing increasing global competition. Accordingly, global interest in RM and LPs has surged, though researchers examining these marketing activities typically apply U.S.-centric frameworks to international research contexts. To understand how RM and LPs may be influenced by factors that distinguish global markets, this review offers a comprehensive framework of both RM and LP mechanisms and considers how cultural and developmental contingency factors may alter the effects of these mechanisms on seller performance. The results from this review produce eight propositions about where specific RM and LP strategies should be most effective. By considering these mechanisms jointly, the authors also simultaneously delineate RM and LP theories and broaden the scope of global research in both domains.
Continuity in Subbing: Problems and Solutions

(1986). Continuity in Subbing: Problems and Solutions. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 59, No. 5, pp. 240-240.
The Consortium as Learning Organization: Twelve Steps to Success in Collaborative Collections Projects.

Abstract A project to share translation journals in the physical sciences among nine California academic research libraries achieved many of its goals, yet it encountered major difficulties during implementation. Based on their experience with the project, the authors offer twelve strategies for ensuring success in collaborative collections projects.
A finite element analysis of the indentation stress-relaxation response of linear biphasic articular cartilage

The indentation problem of a thin layer of hydrated soft tissue such as cartilage or meniscus by a circular plane-ended indenter is investigated. The tissue is represented by a biphasic continuum model consisting of a solid phase (collagen and proteoglycan) and a fluid phase (interstitial water). A finite element formulation of the linear biphasic continuum equations is used to solve an axisymmetric approximation of the indentation problem. We consider stress-relaxation problems for which analytic solution is intractable; where the indenter is impermeable (solid) and/or when the interface between the indenter and tissue is perfectly adhesive. Thicknesses corresponding to a thin and thick specimen are considered to examine the effects of tissue thickness. The different flow, pressure, stress and strain fields which are predicted within the tissue, over time periods typically used in the mechanical testing of soft tissues, will be presented. Results are compared with the case of a porous free-draining indenter with a perfectly lubricated tissue-indenter interface, for which an analytic solution is available, to show the effects of friction at the tissue-indenter interface, and the effects of an impermeable indenter. While these effects are present for both thin and thick tissues, they are shown to be more significant for the thin tissue. We also examine the effects of the stiffness of the subchondral bone on the response of the soft tissue and demonstrate that the subchondral bone substrate can be modeled as a rigid, impermeable boundary. The effects of a curved tissue-subchondral bone interface, and the early time response are also studied. For physiologically reasonable levels of curvature, we will show that the curved tissue-subchrondral bone interface has negligible influence on the tissue response away from the interface. In addition, the short-time stress-relaxation responses of the tissue (e.g., at times less than 1s) demonstrate the essential role of the fluid phase in supporting the load applied to the tissue, and by extrapolation to shorter times characteristics of normal joint motion, suggest the essential role of a biphasic model in representing soft tissue behavior in joint response.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the order-disorder phase transition in solid NaNO 2

We present molecular dynamics simulations of solid NaNO 2 using pair potentials with the rigid-ion model. The crystal potential surface is calculated by using an a priori method which integrates the ab initio calculationswith the Gordon-Kim electron gas theory. This approach is carefully examined by using different population analysis methods and comparing the intermolecular interactions resulting from this approach with those from the ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations. Our numerics show that the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition in solid NaNO 2 is triggered by rotation of the nitrite ions around the crystallographical c axis, in agreement with recent x-ray experiments [Gohda et al., Phys. Rev. B 63, 14101 (2000)]. The crystal-field effects on the nitrite ion are also addressed. An internal charge-transfer effect is found.
MACROALGAL RECRUITMENT IN A HIGH MARSH CREEK OF NORTH INLET ESTUARY, SOUTH CAROLINA1

The temporal and spatial variability in recruitment patterns of macroalgae were stuided by evaluating the appearace of propagules on marble tiles set over a depth gradient in a high marsh tidal creek in North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina. Ulvoids and Porphyra occurred over a wide range of depths in the intertidal zone unlike Ectocarpus and members of the Florideophycease, which grew over a more restricted zone. Ulvoid propagules were the most abundant, attaining maximum densities at 0 and -15 cm mean low water (MLW) at all seasons except winter. In summer, coincident with high tubbidity, ulvoid densities decreased at -15 cm MLW but not in other seasons. Ulvoid densities at 0 MLW were depressed in January, February was preceded with the lowest recoreded temperatures and salinities during the study period, while the decrease in July was preceded by the highest recorded temperature. The number of taxa was highest in April and September, representing winter-spring and summer-fall transition periods, respecitively. The biomass of adult forms was higher on the tiles than on naturally occurring substrala, perhaps due to lack of stable suitable substrata in the field. Inhibition of subsequent recruitment by initial recreuitment was evident only on tiles submerged in October. The initial recruitment pattern of Porphyra rosengurtii coll et Cox and Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngbye seem to determine the biomass distribution of adult forms, while that of ulvoids may be altered later by other factors. The considerable decrease in the number of adult forms compared to the initial denisties of propagules indicales high juvenile mortalities.
The role of Fe–S proteins in sensing and regulation in bacteria

Fe-S clusters are key to the sensing and transcription functions of three transcription factors, FNR, IscR and SoxR. All three proteins were discovered in Escherichia coli but experimental data and bioinformatic predictions suggest that homologs of these proteins exist in other bacterial species, highlighting the widespread nature of Fe-S-dependent regulatory networks. In addition, the nearly ubiquitous citric acid cycle enzyme, aconitase, plays a role in translational regulation in E. coli and Bacillus subtilis when it loses its Fe-S cluster. Although these regulatory proteins have the common feature of containing an Fe-S cluster, they differ in the physiological signals that they respond to. Therefore, these regulatory factors provide insights into the chemical versatility of Fe-S clusters.
What’s in a Name? Two Approaches to Evaluating the Label Feminist

Across two studies, we employed unique approaches to investigating the meaning of the label feminist using a sample of undergraduates from a large Northeastern university in the U.S. In Study 1 (N = 60), we utilized an impression formation paradigm to investigate the meaning of the label feminist when applied to typical college student. The results revealed that feminist males were rated less favorably than nonfeminist males and feminist females were rated more favorably than nonfeminist females. In Study 2 (N = 112), we examined the context-free associations that people have with the label feminist using two implicit attitude measures. Females reported positive implicit associations with the label feminist while males expressed neutral to slightly negative implicit associations with feminists.
On oriented quantum algebras derived from representations of the quantum double of a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra

Abstract Let H be a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra over a field k. We study the simple left modules M of the Drinfel'd double D(H) and characterize them when H is graded with commutative cocommutative bottom term. In the special case when H is a Taft (Hopf ) algebra or a close relative, we calculate the character of M and give an explicit description of oriented quantum algebra structures on End(M) related to a very natural oriented quantum algebra structure on D(H). The R-matrices associated with End(M) are spin preserving.
History, Knowledge, and Essence in the Early Marx

A careful study of the concept of essence which is found in Marx's early writings will show that his theory of knowledge does not involve, as is often claimed, the acceptance of an unknown thing-in-itself and does not imply that we can only know objects as they have been constituted for-us. We can know things as they are in-themselves. To show this will also require that we recognize and explain how the early Marx can hold that the object of knowledge is both constituted and that it reflects or copies things as they are in-themselves.
Beam-like bending of variable-thickness sandwich plates

Differential equations are derived for the beam-like bending, due to force and thermal loading, or linearly elastic sandwich plates that have thickness variation in one direction (the direction of bending), are symmetric about a middle surface, and have cores that are deformable in transverse shear. In the derivation, the face sheets are treated as membranes, the core is assumed to be inextensible in the thickness direction, and all core stresses on cross sections normal to the middle surface are assumed to be negligible except for the transverse shear. No restriction is placed on the nature or magnitude of the thickness variation, and the participation of the face-sheet membrane forces in resisting transverse shear by virtue of their inclinations is taken into account. In the latter respect, the present work differs from previous treatments of variable-thickness sandwich plates, which have neglected this participation. Numerical and experimental results show that this neglect can lead to significant errors if the tranverse shear modulus of the core is low and the thickness variation appreciable. 19 references.
Disclosing patents' secrets

The patent system is built on a grand bargain: To gain exclusive rights to practice their inventions, inventors must disclose their proprietary knowledge publicly. Economists have studied incentive benefits of exclusivity while implicitly assuming that disclosure of know-how in patent applications is costly for inventors. Yet, apart from facilitating diffusion of knowledge, disclosing know-how in a patent may privately benefit inventors by deterring rivals' duplicative research and development (R&D), preempting competitors' efforts to patent similar technology, and reducing informational asymmetries between patentees and potential investors [supplementary materials (SM)]. Understanding to what extent disclosure is viewed as a cost or a benefit by patenting inventors provides insights into our complex patent system and allows better policy-making to advance the diffusion of technical knowledge.
Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steel at Temperatures Below 100 C — A Review

Abstract The environmental and metallurgical factors in the intergranular stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel at temperatures below 100 C has been examined. The behavior of anne...
Covalent modification of aromatase by a radiolabeled irreversible inhibitor

Abstract 7α-Substituted 4-androstene-3,17-diones are effective inhibitors of aromatase. The microsomal enzyme complex has a greater affinity for several of these inhibitors than for the substrate androstenedione, with 7α-(4'amino)phenylthio-4-androstene-3,17-dione being the most potent competitive inhibitor of the series. A potential affinity analog, the bromoacetamide derivative of the amino compound, has been synthesized in both unlabeled and 14 C-labeled forms via a condensation of bromoacetic acid with the amino compound using DCC. Inactivation studies with the unlabeled inhibitor showed a time-dependent, first-order inactivation of aromatase enzymatic activity. Androstenedione, when incubated in varying concentrations with the irreversible inhibitor, provided protection from inactivation. Binding studies with radiolabeled inhibitor and microsomal aromatase preparations showed that irreversible binding had occurred. SDS-electrophoresis, followed by fluorography, identified four major microsomal proteins that were radiolabeled, with the protein band at 52,000 mol. wt predominating. Similar studies with a solubilized aromatase preparation decreased the amount of nonspecific binding. Thus, covalent bonds between the irreversible inhibitor and the aromatase cytochrome P450 molecule were formed.
Expecting and Accepting: The Temporal Ambiguity of Recovery Identities.

This paper has two complementary agendas. One is to develop a formal analysis of temporal ambiguity in self-identification. This refers specifically to having two conflicting orientations toward the future with regard to one's identity (e.g., a temporary expecting orientation and a permanent accepting orientation). I use the recovery identity (e.g., alcoholic, anorexic, agoraphobic) as a temporally ambiguous case because this identity is established as a means to an end but is susceptible to becoming an end in itself through identification with the disorder label. My analysis is based on the recovery narratives of individuals who have disidentified with their disorder labels; this allows for a consideration of the entire recovery career, from entry to exit. My second agenda is to explore the underresearched phenomenology of exiting from recovery identities specifically. Both of these agendas contribute new insight into identity research, labeling theory, and the sociology of mental health.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and disseminated histoplasmosis.

![Figure][1] A 25-year-old Guatemalan man presented to the hospital with abdominal distension and fever. A computed tomography scan showed marked hepatosplenomegaly and bulky abdominal adenopathy. A complete blood count showed pancytopenia: white blood count, 7.7 × 109/L; hemoglobin, 7.0 g/
Brothers and Sisters: Nature and Importance of the Adult Bond

Abstract The closeness, importance and nature of adult sibling relationships were examined in a preliminary study. Forty-eight males and 87 females aged 17 to 84 years were subjects. Each completed a questionnaire about themselves and relationships with their siblings. Results indicated that females were closer to their siblings than were males, same-sex sibling pairs were closer than cross-sex pairs, and younger subjects were closer to their siblings than were older subjects. The nature of the relationship between siblings was very positive with few negative feelings reported. Sex, sexual makeup of the sibling pair, and age also affected the nature of the relationship and topics discussed between siblings.
Attention and Sensory Interactions within the Occipital Cortex in the Early Blind: An fMRI Study

Visual deprivation early in life results in occipital cortical responsiveness across a broad range of perceptual and cognitive tasks. In the reorganized occipital cortex of early blind (EB) individuals, the relative lack of specificity for particular sensory stimuli and tasks suggests that attention effects may play a prominent role in these areas. We wished to establish whether occipital cortical areas in the EB were responsive to stimuli across sensory modalities (auditory, tactile) and whether these areas maintained or altered their activity as a function of selective attention. Using a three-stimulus oddball paradigm and event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, auditory and tactile tasks presented separately demonstrated that several occipital regions of interest (ROIs) in the EB, but not sighted controls (SCs), responded to targets and task-irrelevant distracter stimuli of both modalities. When auditory and tactile stimuli were presented simultaneously with subjects alternating attention between sensory streams, only the calcarine sulcus continued to respond to stimuli in both modalities. In all other ROIs, responses to auditory targets were as large or larger than those observed in the auditory-alone condition, but responses to tactile targets were attenuated or abolished by the presence of unattended auditory stimuli. Both auditory and somatosensory cortices responded consistently to auditory and tactile targets, respectively. These results reveal mechanisms of orienting and selective attention within the visual cortex of EB individuals and suggest that mechanisms of enhancement and suppression interact asymmetrically on auditory and tactile streams during bimodal sensory presentation.
Electron transfer of peroxidase assemblies at tailored nanocarbon electrodes

Abstract In bioelectrochemistry, the catalytic function of redox enzymes depends largely upon the nature of the working electrode material. One major example of this phenomenon is the improvement of biogenic analyte detection at graphitic carbon with increased edge plane character in the graphene lattice. In our laboratories, we have found that the edge plane character of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) prepared using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can be tuned via selective doping with nitrogen, termed N-CNTs. In this report, we extend these studies to investigate the influence of N-doping of nanocarbons on the electron transfer of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) using spectrophotometric enzyme activity assays and electrochemical measurements. Our findings demonstrate that HRP adsorption at N-CNTs increases by a factor of two relative to that of nondoped CNTs, with surface coverages, Γ m , of 75 ± 4 and 33 ± 5 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) U/mg, respectively. Surprisingly, however, only ∼40% of the HRP adsorbed at N-CNTs is electroactive, as assessed by voltammetry of the HRP Fe 2+/3+ redox response. By contrast, HRP adsorbed at nondoped CNTs is nearly 100% electroactive, suggesting that the nature of the HRP adsorption (e.g., electrostatic, van der Waals) and geometric factors of heme orientation affect the biocatalytic performance. We also describe studies that utilize the properties of both nondoped CNTs and N-CNTs with adsorbed HRP for unmediated, quantitative H 2 O 2 sensing.
Inferential Word-Decoding Weakness in Reading Disabled Children.

Evidence is presented that a large number of reading disabled (RD) children, especially younger ones, exhibit impaired inferential thinking in a head-fitted word-decoding task. This weakness is theorized to be linked to a lag in the development of phonological sensitivity. Recent work is reviewed that suggests phonological sensitivity can be enhanced by direct instruction, with carry-over benefits to word-recognition skill.
Distributed Memory for Both Short and Long Term

Neuropsychology points to the wide distribution of cortical memory networks. Electrophysiology and neuroimaging indicate that working memory, like long-term memory, is a widely distributed function, largely neocortical. Most of the evidence available from those three methodologies suggests that both working memory and long-term memory share the same substrate: a system of broad, partly overlapping and interconnected neocortical networks. Working memory appears mostly, if not completely, characterized by the sustained activation of one widely distributed network of long-term memory. That activation is at least in part sustained by reentrant excitatory loops through the different neuronal assemblies that constitute the network and that represent the associated features of the memorandum.
Designing for families

In this Special Interest Group (SIG) we plan to focus on discussions and activities surrounding the design of technologies to support families. Many researchers and designers study domestic routines to inform technology design, create novel interactive systems, and evaluate these systems through real world use. Bringing together researchers, designers and practitioners interested in technologies for families at a SIG provides a forum for discussing shared interests including methods for gaining an understanding of the user, metrics for evaluating interventions, and shared definitions of the concept of the family.
A study of biochemical parameters associated with ovarian atresia and quality of caviar in farmed white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy

Abstract Morphological and biochemical changes in white sturgeon (N = 11) plasma and ovarian follicles were monitored during late vitellogenesis and follicular atresia using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR, 4000–400 cm − 1 ), with the objective to predict ovarian regression. Spectral features of plasma were correlated with ovarian follicular atresia based upon changes in spectra of sex steroids and vitellogenin. Principal Component Analysis could differentiate ovarian maturity during vitellogenesis and onset and progression of ovarian regression. It was possible to predict the ovarian conditions (late vitellogenesis vs. early atresia) about 70% of the time using Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy models. We conclude that FT-IR spectroscopy provides a useful tool for predicting ovarian maturity and optimal time of roe harvest.
Double-diffusive convective flow and interface morphology during transient ga-5% In alloy melting

Abstract A directional melting experiment of a rectangular sheet of Ga–5 wt% In in a horizontal temperature gradient is described. Real-time radioscopy is used to visualize in situ the solid structure, the interface morphologies, and the flow patterns. Information on unstable double-diffusive convection layers, their time-dependent characteristics of formation, growth, and merging, are obtained. Co-existence of convection and conduction layers in the melt, the interaction between double-diffusive convection layers, the development of solute stratification in the melt, and the dynamic solid/liquid interface morphologies are discussed.
Interannual variability of deep convection over the tropical South American sector as deduced from ISCCP C2 data

The interannual variability of deep convection over the South American sector and regional hydrometeorological anomalies are studied using International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) data for 1984–1988. Satellite-derived convection anomalies are compared with regional rainfall and river runoff anomalies. At the height of the austral summer, the deep convective clouds (DCC) and ISCCP depict the centres of intense convection over central Amazonia and the mouth of the River Amazon, as well as the enhanced convection over north-east Brazil, which is related to the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Positive/negative regional hydrometeorological anomalies are consistent with positive/negative anomalies in the deep convection over northern Amazonia, the mouth of the River Amazon and north north-east Brazil, whereas this is not always true over southern Amazonia and southern Brazil. Over north-east Brazil and the mouth of the River Amazon, abundant rainfall and large DCC are both in agreement with variations in the latitudinal position and intensity of the Atlantic ITCZ, which extends between 4°N and 5°S along the Atlantic coast, where the precipitation maximum is found. The related rainfall anomalies over Amazonia and north-east Brazil during years with anomalously warm or cool surface waters in the central equatorial Pacific (e.g. the El Nino event in 1987), are consistent with the convection anomalies as depicted by the ISCCP deep convective clouds. For the Amazon Basin and north-east Brazil, DCC based on 2.5°×2.5° horizontal resolution explained about 50 per cent of the variance of rainfall at individual surface stations. A new finding is the enhanced convective activity located at the east side of the central Andes and over central Amazonia around 5°S, with a region of reduced convection in between. These two subcentres are oriented west-east and are part of the summertime semi-permanent centre of convection over the Amazon Basin, and have not been identified previously from the analysis of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) or highly reflective clouds. These subcentres of large DCC exhibit interannual variations in intensity and location, where the centre located near the east flank of the Andes shows a wider range of latitudinal variations than that located over central Amazonia. South of this area convection and rainfall decreases rapidly.
Application of the cognitive apprenticeship framework to a middle school robotics camp

This paper details the development and implementation of a summer robotics camp for middle school children. The Cognitive Apprenticeship (CA) model is used as the framework for developing the camp. Specifically, methods such as modeling, coaching, scaffolding, articulation, reflection, and exploration are integrated throughout the camp structure. Activities include the use of an engineering notebook, debugging logs, and various cognitive challenges, all supervised by a team of expert mentors. During the two-week summer camp, participants realized a positive shift in attitudes towards science, developed common engineering design skills, and showed increased proficiency in the reasoning pattern of isolation of variables. The CA framework, in conjunction with robotics are an excellent way to build interest in STEM and develop skills in engineering, science, and computational thinking.
A Role for Methionine in Division of Chlorella Vulgaris.

A key metabolic role can be ascribed to methionine on the basis of many demonstrable biochemical functions, even though these reactions have not all been proven to exist within one organism. Methionine is a constituent of proteins, (although there are instances in which it is reported absent (3) ) it also is a source of methyl groups for a number of cellular components, undoubtedly through the intermediate, S-adenosylmethionine, the actual methyl donor (9). Of the many transmethylations that are known a few seem to be more directly linked than others to plant cell division. The incorporation of the methyl group into lignin (6, 7) and into pectin (21, 25, 26) indicates a need for methionine in cell wall formation. There is also evidence from work with animals that the methyl group can be used to a limited degree for purine and pyrimidine synthesis (16,17). In microorganisms such a use has not been found (13), although S-adenosylmethionine can act as methyl donor to several non-naturally occurring purines (23). In plants, transmethylation from methionine is known to occur during the synthesis of several plant alkaloids (4, 5, 8, 12, 33) which as a chemical class show many resemblances to the purines and pyrimidines, but a specific connection between these reactions and plant nucleic acid synthesis is unknown. Other sulfurcontaining metabolites, notably sulfhydryl compounds, are recognized as playing a significant, although speculative (34, 35) role in the division of cells in general; recently data have been presented which show sulfur to be necessary for cells of Chlorella ellipsoidea to divide (14, 15). Similar evidence for methionine, however, is sparse. The idea that methionine may be intimately associated with division, stems from the observation that selenomethionine, a structural, competitive analogue of methionine, will prevent cells of Chlorella vulgaris from dividing but will allow them to maintain other cellular activities that lead to growth into giant cells (31). Analysis of these giant cells has revealed that there are increases in the rate of respiration, dry weight, and protein, and that the newly formed proteins lack methionine but contain other sulfur amino acids derived from sulfate (32). The ability of selenomethionine to replace methionine in several biological and biochemical systems (10, 11, 18, 36) suggests that in the uncoupled C. zulgaris cell there exist processes that can operate despite the substitution. The selective uncoupling effect, however, strongly implies that methionine participates in a specific, irreplaceable manner in the division mechanism of the C. vulgaris cell. This report is one of a series designed to characterize more fully the relation of methionine to division. The experiments described here were performed to see if additional methionine analogues could uncouple growth from division and if the response to selenomethionine occurred in organisms other than C. vulgaris.
Validity of transhepatic pulp pressure measurements.

Cineangiographic studies were undertaken in conjunction with pressure measurements to determine the reliability of transhepatic pulp pressure manometry in assessing portal pressure. Pressure measurements obtained by wedged hepatic vein and/or umbilical-portal vein catheterization were used as a reference. An accurate index to intrasinusoidal pressure was provided when the needle was introduced into the sinusoidal bed and created a vascular “puddle.” Pressures were inaccurate when the needle entered a hepatic venule, the subcapsular space, or a bile duct. Reversible increases in transhepatic pressure were noted with proliferation of sinusoidal-mesenchymal cells attendant to acute liver injury or hyperplasia of the endoplasmic reticulum following administration of drugs that are metabolized in microsomes.
Non-steady state cracking in ceramic matrix composites

A micromechanics analytical model based on the consistent shear lag theory is developed for predicting the failure modes in a fiber-reinforced unidirectional ceramic matrix composite. The model accounts for the relatively large matrix stiffness. The fiber and matrix stresses are established as functions of the applied stress, crack geometry, and most importantly, the microstructural properties of the constituents. From the predicted stress, the mode of failure is established based on the point stress criterion. The role of the microstructural properties on the failure mode and ultimate strength is assessed.
A comparative study of changes in vertical dimension of occlusion using different investing mediums

A controlled investigation was conducted in which 50 sets of dentures were processed with different investing mediums. The most accurate results in maintaining the vertical dimension of occlusion of dentures during processing were obtained with artificial stone and a layer of silicone rubber.
The pro region of Toxoplasma ROP1 is a rhoptry-targeting signal.

Abstract The rhoptries of Toxoplasma gondii are regulated secretory organelles involved in the invasion of host cells. Rhoptry proteins are synthesised as pre-pro-proteins that are processed first to pro-proteins upon entrance into the secretory pathway, then processed again to their mature forms late in the secretory pathway. The pro-mature processing site of the rhoptry protein ROP1 has been determined, paving the way for understanding the role of the pro region in rhoptry protein function. We demonstrate here that the ROP1 pro region is sufficient for targeting a reporter protein (amino acids 34–471 of the Trypanosoma brucei VSG117 protein) to the rhoptries. These results, together with our previous work showing that rhoptry targeting is unaffected by deletion of the pro region, indicate that the ROP1 protein contains at least two signals that can function in rhoptry targeting.
Differing perceptions in defining safe independent living for elders

This exploratory study was conducted to determine whether fundamental differences in perceptions exist among elders, young and middle-aged adults, and nurses in their view of what factors constitute a safe independent living arrangement for elders. A convenience sample of 335 was surveyed on perceptions of the importance of situation factors (ie, ADL [activities of daily living] skills, instrumental activities, functional abilities, environmental factors) to independent living and the degree of interference of diseases and symptoms with elder independent living arrangements. The results reveal that there are fundamental differences in perceptions about factors related to safe independent living for elders among the groups. Nurses perceived that certain diseases and symptoms caused more interference with independent living, whereas nonnurses tended to be more concerned about bathing, climbing steps, and home and property maintenance. Age, level of education, gender, and race also were found to be significant predictors of the perceptions of situation factors related to independent living. More specific research is needed to determine whether these fundamental differences hold true when an actual elder living situation is at issue.