cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of air ventilation and its suppression on inclined surface-piercing hydrofoils

Abstract Hydrofoils with significant camber and thickness can be hydrodynamically advantageous over thin low-camber hydrofoils commonly used on boats with surface-piercing hydrofoil systems, especially at lower speeds when a pronounced drag hump is usually present and cavitation is not yet an issue. The main drawback of such high-lift hydrofoils is a danger of being ventilated with air that can easily propagate from the atmosphere along the foil suction side resulting in a drop of the foil lift-drag ratio. The air ventilation is a complex physical process, modeling of which remains a challenging task. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics solver STAR-CCM+ is applied for simulating air ventilation phenomena on surface-piercing hydrofoils. A good agreement is obtained with available test data for relevant configurations. It is also shown that small fences appropriately placed on the inclined surface-piercing hydrofoil can suppress both downward air ventilation and upward water spray, resulting in greater performance of high-lift hydrofoils at moderate Froude numbers.
Hello Research! Developing an Intensive Research Experience for Undergraduate Women

This paper describes the design and implementation of a three-day intensive research experience (IRE) workshop for undergraduate women in Computer Science. Expanding on a model pioneered at Carnegie Mellon University, we developed and piloted a regional variant called HelloResearch at Indiana University. Participants were actively recruited from our own and neighboring states. Industry partners provided travel scholarships for low-income and first-generation college students, people with disabilities, and students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) across the country. The primary goal of HelloResearch was to encourage the pursuit of research careers, enabling participants to reach the highest levels of leadership in their fields. In this paper, we report on the demographics of our 92 participants, outline best practices to ensure an authentic short-term research experience for the students, describe our assessment plans, and share our survey instruments to assist others in jump-starting their own regional workshops.
Predicting the viscoelastic behavior of polymer composites and nanocomposites

Abstract Prediction of elastic moduli and some physical properties of heterogeneous media on the basis of known characteristics of constituents, their volumetric concentrations, shapes and orientations of inclusions, and the type of the lattice formed by the set of inclusions is a developed area of the theory. This chapter is devoted to expansion of the theory to viscoelastic systems mostly made from viscoelastic polymeric matrices and elastic fillers. The method is based on an elastic-viscoelastic analogy, in which the elastic moduli of constituents participating in the formulae for the effective moduli are replaced by corresponding integral operators of the theory of viscoelasticity. The next step covered in the chapter is the decoding of the functions of operators, that is, replacing the expressions containing several operators by one equivalent operator with effective parameters. This is done by using special rules of algebra of resolvent operators. The chapter contains multiple numerical examples, which can help to estimate possible effects of particular compositions. The differences between applying the theory to composites and nanocomposites are discussed. The chapter proposes prediction of elastic and viscoelastic behavior of composites and nanocomposites of geometrically similar structures using the same theory, with possible modifications taking into account the surface tension. Prediction of failure for composites and nanocomposites must be done differently. The chapter describes prediction of viscoelastic behavior of composites made from polymeric matrices and spherical, short cylindrical inclusions, hollow spherical and cylindrical inclusions, platelets with different stiffness, and spherical voids.
Quality of life, satisfaction with life, and functional mobility of young adults with arthrogryposis after leaving pediatric care.

The aim of this study was to describe satisfaction and quality of life (QOL) of young adults with arthrogryposis after leaving pediatric care. Twenty-three adults with arthrogryposis multiplex congenital (AMC) followed at a single pediatric orthopedic hospital (average age 23.6 years; range 18-36 years; 9 males, 14 females) completed questionnaires related to demographics, mobility, and activities of daily living. The Patient Reported Outcomes Measure Information System and Satisfaction with Life Scale were utilized to evaluate QOL and life satisfaction. Eighty-three percent reported general health as good/excellent, 30% lived independently, 69% were ambulatory in the community, and 57% were employed. QOL scores for physical function were lower, but other QOL scores were consistent with the general U.S. population. Average pain intensity was mild at 2.6 out of 10, with pain frequently reported in the legs and feet. Fifty-six percent were satisfied to extremely satisfied with life. Five individuals who were dissatisfied with life also reported lower physical function, higher anxiety, depression and fatigue, and pain in multiple joints. Although most young adults with AMC presented with mild pain and limitations in physical function; overall, they reported good QOL. Findings from the current study will help clinicians anticipate the needs of individuals with AMC as they transition from pediatric to adult care.
The summary diagram of host immunological pathways against infectious diseases

Abstract The host immunological pathways are re-organized to get a clear picture. There are four acute immune responses: TH1/TH2/TH22/THαβ which are corresponding to four chronic immune responses: TH1Like/TH9/TH17/TH3. Then, the four branches of immune reactions can link to four types of hypersensitivities or allergies. THfh is the stimulatory pathway to initiate adaptive acute immunity. Another inhibitory pathway Treg secreting TGF beta is the key player to shift the above acute immune responses to chronic immune responses for generating milder cytokines and other immune mediators to avoid severe destruction of organ during chronic and large scale of pathogen infection of tissue-organ. This 4×2+2 is the new diagram of host immunological pathways.
Patient interest in mental health mobile app interventions: Demographic and symptom-level differences.

Abstract Background Mobile app interventions for mental health conditions (MH apps) are an accessible and effective but underutilized treatment option. Learning which patients are most interested in MH apps is important for informing stakeholders where to position these treatments within the healthcare landscape. This study examined the relationship between patient characteristics and interest in MH apps. Methods A demographically-balanced sample of 400 patients diagnosed with depression, anxiety and/or post-traumatic stress disorder were identified from VA corporate data warehouse records. These individuals were mailed an information packet explaining the study and the study survey for those who opted to participate. The survey contained questions on demographics, symptom severity and interest in MH apps. 149 participants returned completed surveys. Results Level of interest in MH apps was consistent across race, sex and education level. Patients reporting no interest in MH apps had less severe symptoms and were older than patients reporting some or high interest. Limitations Participants were Veterans in one geographic region; our sample size was not large enough to evaluate more fine-grained demographic differences; replication would be required to better understand generalizability of findings. Conclusions Findings suggest interest in MH apps may be more similar across demographic groups than previously thought. This stands in juxtaposition to interest in clinic-based services, for which men and minorities have traditionally reported less interest and show lower utilization. Findings also counter prevailing notions that MH apps will be best received by less symptomatic patients. Implications for integrating MH apps into care are discussed.
Decision making of forensic psychiatric inpatients deemed incompetent to stand trial.

This study examined decision making and its correlates among forensic psychiatric inpatients deemed incompetent to stand trial (IST). This study utilized archival data (n = 41; Mean Age = 44.27, SD...
Collective communication and behaviour in response to uncertain 'Danger' in network experiments.

In emergencies, social coordination is especially challenging. People connected with each other may respond better or worse to an uncertain danger than isolated individuals. We performed experiment...
TiO2 nanoparticles influence on the environmental performance of natural and recycled mortars: A life cycle assessment

Abstract The World Meteorological Organization has recently reported that greenhouse gases have reached their highest level since 3–5 million years ago. A continuing rise would cause serious consequences e.g., rising temperatures, death of living beings, or water pollution. Cement is associated with those levels since its production encompasses around 8% of global CO2 emissions. To increase the environmental performance of cementitious materials, different approaches could be followed, for instance, the reuse of waste materials such as recycled aggregate (RA) or the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles due to its proactive effect during service life. However, no research has been found that examined the effect of nano-TiO2 addition on recycled mortars in terms of environmental impact. Consequently, the main objective of this research is to evaluate the sustainability of TiO2 nanoparticles in mortars made with either natural or recycled aggregate. Twelve mixtures with different percentages of nano-TiO2 substitution (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% by the weight of cement) and RA replacement (0%, 50%, 100%) were studied. A life cycle assessment focused on material production (cradle-to-gate) was performed. The functional unit (FU) used was 1 m3 of mortar with a given compressive strength. The mix design was modified to meet the fixed strength defined in the FU. In terms of global warming potential, mortars with RA reduced the environmental impact when 0.5% of nano-TiO2 was added. Considering waste generation and depletion of natural resources play a crucial role in the sustainability assessment of mortars with RA. Furthermore, when the compressive strength factor was considered in the FU, RA increased the total CO2 emissions due to the higher amount of cement needed. Finally, despite the apparent harmful effect of nano-TiO2 using a cradle-to-gate approach, these nanoparticles could highly enhance environmental performance due to their effects during service life.
Individual Differences in Infants' Temperament Affect Face Processing.

Infants show an advantage in processing female and familiar race faces, but the effect sizes are often small, suggesting individual differences in their discrimination abilities. This research assessed whether differences in 6–10-month-olds’ temperament (surgency and orienting) predicted how they scanned individual faces varying in race and gender during familiarization and whether and how long it took them to locate the face during a visual search task. This study also examined whether infants viewing faces posing pleasant relative to neutral expressions would facilitate their discrimination of male and unfamiliar race faces. Results showed that infants’ surgency on its own or in conjunction with their orienting regularly interacted with facial characteristics to predict their scanning and location of faces. Furthermore, infants’ scanning patterns (dwell times and internal–external fixation shifts) correlated with their ability and time to locate a familiarized face. Moreover, infants who viewed faces with pleasant expressions showed better discrimination of unfamiliar race and male faces compared with infants who viewed neutral faces. Including temperament in the analyses consistently demonstrated its significance for understanding infant face processing. Findings suggest that positive interactions with other-race individuals and men might reduce processing disadvantages for those face types. Locating familiar adults in a timely manner is a crucial skill for infants to develop and these data elucidate factors influencing this ability.
YouTube Is a Poor-Quality Source for Patient Information on Rehabilitation and Return to Sports After Hip Arthroscopy.

Purpose To investigate the information quality on YouTube regarding rehabilitation and return to sport (RTS) after hip arthroscopy. Methods By use of private browsing and predefined search terms, 217 unique videos regarding RTS and rehabilitation after hip arthroscopy were included and systematically reviewed. A total of 164 videos were included in the final analysis. Videos were scored using 4 scoring systems: (1) Journal of the American Medical Association benchmark criteria, (2) the Global Quality Score, (3) a score for RTS after hip arthroscopy, and (4) a score for rehabilitation after hip arthroscopy. Results A large majority of the included videos provided substandard information quality, dependability, and precision. RTS videos that were uploaded by physicians had a significantly higher Journal of the American Medical Association score, Global Quality Score, and RTS score compared with commercial and personal testimony videos (P = .0003, P = .0021, and P = .0005, respectively). Physician videos pertaining to RTS were also significantly longer than videos in other categories (P = .0397). Conclusions The quality and reliability of video content on YouTube pertaining to rehabilitation and RTS after hip arthroscopy are generally poor. The educational content of YouTube videos produced by physicians is of significantly higher quality as compared with non-physicians, patient testimonials, and commercials. Clinical Relevance The quality of the information patients receive on rehabilitation and RTS after hip arthroscopy is important for successful outcomes.
Efficient tagging and purification of endogenous proteins for structural studies by single particle cryo-EM

A major bottleneck in structural biology is producing biologically relevant samples at sufficient quantities. This is particularly true for large protein assemblies where conventional techniques of gene overexpression require substantial optimization, hampering structural studies and drug development efforts. Here we describe a method combining CRISPR/Cas gene editing and fluorescence cell sorting to rapidly tag and purify endogenous human proteins from cell lines, enabling structural analysis of native proteins that are properly folded and assembled. We applied this approach to study the human proteasome from HEK cells and rapidly determined structures of major proteasomal complexes. Structures of the PA28-20S complex reveal the native subunit stoichiometry of PA28 and a distinct functional state of the complex. The efficient strategy for tagging and extracting endogenous proteins described here will enable the structural study of many challenging targets and provide more biologically relevant samples for research and therapeutic development.
Functional Communication between IP3R and STIM2 at sub-threshold stimuli is a critical checkpoint for initiation of SOCE

Abstract Stromal interaction molecules, STIM1 and STIM2, sense decreases in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]ER) and cluster in ER-plasma membrane (ER-PM) junctions where they recruit and activate Orai1. While STIM1 responds when [Ca2+]ER is relatively low, STIM2 displays constitutive clustering in the junctions and is suggested to regulate basal Ca2+ entry. The cellular cues that determine STIM2 clustering under basal conditions is not known. By using gene editing to fluorescently tag endogenous STIM2, we report that endogenous STIM2 is constitutively localized in mobile and immobile clusters. The latter associate with ER-PM junctions and recruit Orai1 under basal conditions. Agonist stimulation increases immobile STIM2 clusters which co- ordinate recruitment of Orai1 and STIM1 to the junctions. Extended synaptotagmin (E-Syt)2/3 are required for forming the ER-PM junctions, but are not sufficient for STIM2 clustering. Importantly, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) function and local [Ca2+]ER are the main drivers of immobile STIM2 clusters. Enhancing, or decreasing, IP3R function at ambient [IP3] causes corresponding increase, or attenuation, of immobile STIM2 clusters. We show that immobile STIM2 clusters denote decreases in local [Ca2+]ER mediated by IP3R that is sensed by the STIM2-N terminus. Finally, under basal conditions, ambient PIP2-PLC activity of the cell determines IP3R function, immobilization of STIM2, and basal Ca2+ entry while agonist stimulation augments these processes. Together, our findings reveal that immobilization of STIM2 clusters within ER-PM junctions, a first response to ER-Ca2+ store depletion, is facilitated by the juxtaposition of IP3R and marks a checkpoint for initiation of Ca2+ entry. Significance STIM proteins sense decreases in [Ca2+]ER and cluster in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-plasma membrane (PM) junctions where they recruit and activate Orai1. While STIM1 clustering requires substantial [Ca2+]ER decrease, STIM2 displays pre-clustering under resting conditions and regulates basal Ca2+ entry. The mechanism(s) underlying constitutive clustering of STIM2 is not known. We show herein that endogenous STIM2 assembles as mobile and immobile clusters and that Orai1 is recruited to the latter. Anchoring of STIM2 clusters is triggered by decreases in local [Ca2+]ER that is mediated by ambient activity of IP3R and sensed by the STIM2 N-terminus. This functional link between IP3R and STIM2 governs constitutive STIM2 clustering and ensures coupling of [Ca2+]ER decrease at sub-threshold stimuli with activation of Ca2+ entry.
The Political Economy of Financial Sector Supervision and Banking Crises: A Cross-Country Analysis

This study investigates the relationship between banking crises, financial supervision and institutional veto players in an empirical study consisting of 65 advanced and developing countries from 1976–2005. While the literature relating banking crises and supervision is extensive, discussions of precisely how domestic political institutions influence the design of banking supervision have not been commonplace. We test whether these political institutions which reflect checks and balances affect the probability of a banking crisis, by way of shaping the quality of a country's financial supervisory policies. We find a significant and negative relationship between banking crises probabilities and the strength of financial sector supervision. Our results highlight the important role of financial regulation and supervision in reconciling the benefits of a liberalised financial system (ie enhanced economic growth) with its costs (ie increased financial fragility).
Automated gbXML-Based Building Model Creation for Thermal Building Simulation

In the area of as-is BIM creation from point cloud, researchers start digging the potential of using point cloud as 3D scenes of the construction job site to monitor construction progresses and safety. However, limited contribution was made in the AEC/FM domain to assist decision making process on building retrofit and renovation. This paper presents a method of automatic gbXML-based building model generation from thermal point cloud. Through the proposed geometry extraction and thermal resistance value estimation techniques, the size and thermal information of the building envelope components are automatically obtained in order to quickly generate building models ready for energy performance simulation. The registered point cloud of a residential house was used as a case study to validate the proposed method.
Eviction as Opportunity: Beyond State Power and Community Resistance

Studies of insecurity and uncertainty in local communities emphasize coercive state power and unified community resistance. However, this government versus community dichotomy obscures the important local political divisions that exist in communities, important government-community linkages, and incentives that community leaders have to maintain a certain level of informality. Based on an ethnographic account of a slum demolition in Old Fadama, Ghana’s biggest slum, this on-the-ground analysis argues that forced evictions in slums can be opportunities for leaders to “cash-in” and strengthen power, political parties and politicians to mobilize support, and international NGOs to support a cause while the most vulnerable residents are left entirely unrepresented. By examining a slum demolition that leads to the continuation of the status quo, this study demonstrates how eviction threats of slum communities shape political incentives of community leaders and the strategies that residents use to contribute to the persistence of insecure and uncertain living conditions.
Optimizing the Speed of a Josephson Junction with Dynamical Mean Field Theory

We review the application of dynamical mean-field theory to Josephson junctions and study how to maximize the characteristic voltage IcRn which determines the width of a rapid single flux quantum pulse, and thereby the operating speed in digital electronics. We study a wide class of junctions ranging from SNS, SCmS (where Cm stands for correlated metal), SINIS (where the insulating layer is formed from a screened dipole layer), and SNSNS structures. Our review is focused on a survey of the physical results; the formalism has been developed elsewhere.
The role of CCN1 in glioma virotherapy with oncolytic herpes simplex virus

Oncolytic virotherapy is a tumor treatment that uses recombinant viruses capable of selectively targeting and destroying cancer cells. Clinical trials have demonstrated varying degrees of success for the therapy with limitations predominantly due to barriers to viral spread throughout the tumor and the host immune response to the virus. Understanding changes in the tumor microenvironment during oncolytic virus (OV) infection is critical to designing successful therapeutic agents. Recent experimental studies have explored the efficacy of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) derived oncolytic viruses against glioma. These studies have demonstrated an upregulation of matricellular protein CCN1 following OV infection. CCN1, also known as cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61, is a signaling protein that regulates a range of cellular activities and is known to be a powerful angiogenic inducer. Overexpression of CCN1 in glioma cells following OV infection has been shown to induce activation of an antiviral defense response including the proinflammatory activation of macrophages. In addition, CCN1 plays a role in initiating cross talk between the OV-infected glioma cells and macrophages. The infiltration of macrophages increases viral clearance and, hence, limits the success of OV therapy. Promisingly, neutralization of CCN1 in vivo has been shown to increase antitumor efficacy of OV therapy. In this work we formulate and analyze a partial differential equations model with a moving boundary for the treatment of a glioma with an HSV-1 derived oncolytic virus. Our model demonstrates agreement with these experimental studies and tests hypotheses for the neutralization of CCN1, thus providing insights towards developing more effective OV therapy.
Wide bandgap OPV polymers based on pyridinonedithiophene unit with efficiency >5%

We report the properties of a new series of wide band gap photovoltaic polymers based on the N-alkyl 2-pyridone dithiophene (PDT) unit. These polymers are effective bulk heterojunction solar cell materials when blended with phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). They achieve power conversion efficiencies (up to 5.33%) high for polymers having such large bandgaps, ca. 2.0 eV (optical) and 2.5 eV (electrochemical). Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) reveals strong correlations between π–π stacking distance and regularity, polymer backbone planarity, optical absorption maximum energy, and photovoltaic efficiency.
Pharmacotherapeutic options for the treatment of preeclampsia

Purpose. Pharmacotherapeutic options for the treatment of preeclampsia are reviewed. Summary. Risk factors for the development of preeclampsia include microvascular diseases, such as diabetes mellitus; vascular and connective tissue disorders; hypertension; antiphospholipid antibody syndrome; and nephropathy. Several pathophysiological factors contribute to the development of the preeclamptic state, including vasospasm onset, coagulation system activation, increased inflammatory response, and ischemia. The specific agents used for the treatment of preeclampsia are dependent on a number of factors including symptom severity, maternal or fetal compromise, the progression to eclampsia, gestational period, and cervical status. The diagnosis of preeclampsia beyond the gestation period of 38 weeks requires delivery. The presence of maternal compromise or eclampsia at gestation greater than 20 weeks also necessitates delivery. In cases of chronic or mild hypertension, oral methyldopa may be administered on an outpatient basis. Intravenous hydralazine is a commonly administered arteriolar vasodilator that is effective for hypertensive emergencies associated with pregnancies. The most common adverse effect of hydralazine administration is unpredictable hypotension. Labetalol decreases heart rate and may be preferred because of a lack of reflex tachycardia, hypotension, or increased intracranial pressure. However, the drug of choice for the prevention and control of maternal seizures in patients with severe preeclampsia or eclampsia during the peripartum period is i.v. magnesium sulfate. Therapeutic serum magnesium levels cause cerebral vasodilation, thereby reversing the ischemia produced by cerebral vasospasm during an eclamptic episode. The results of one study indicated that women receiving magnesium sulfate therapy had a 58% lower risk of eclampsia than placebo. Conclusion. Magnesium sulfate remains the drug of choice for the prevention and treatment of preeclampsia. Alternative antihypertensive agents may provide additional benefit in the management of hypertension for preeclamptic patients.
I/O threads to reduce checkpoint blocking for an electromagnetics solver on Blue Gene/P and Cray XK6

Application-level checkpointing has been one of the most popular techniques to proactively deal with unexpected failures in supercomputers with hundreds of thousands of cores. Unfortunately, this approach results in heavy I/O load and often causes I/O bottlenecks in production runs. In this paper, we examine a new thread-based application-level checkpointing for a massively parallel electromagnetic solver system on the IBM Blue Gene/P at Argonne National Laboratory and the Cray XK6 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. We discuss an I/O-thread based, application-level, two-phase I/O approach, called "threaded reduced-blocking I/O" (threaded rbIO), and compare it with a regular version of "reduced-blocking I/O" (rbIO) and a tuned MPI-IO collective approach (coIO). Our study shows that threaded rbIO can overlap the I/O latency with computation and achieve near-asynchronous checkpoint with an application-perceived I/O performance of over 70 GB/s (raw of 15 GB/s) and 50 GB/s (raw I/O bandwidth of 17 GB/s) on up to 32K processors of Intrepid and Jaguar, respectively. Compared with rbIO and coIO, the threading approach greatly improves the production performance of NekCEM on Blue Gene/P and Cray XK6 machines by significantly reducing the total simulation time from checkpoint blocking reduction. We also discuss the potential strength of this approach with the Scalable Checkpoint Restart library and on other full-featured operating systems such as that to be deployed on the upcoming Blue Gene/Q.
Association between ocular injuries and internal orbital fractures.

Purpose The physical mechanism of orbital blowout fractures has been debated for years by surgeons. Three main theories have been promulgated, including the hydraulic theory, the contact of globe-to-orbital wall theory, and the bone buckling theory. One might anticipate a strong association of blowout fractures and traumatically induced ocular injuries with the hydraulic and globe-to-wall theories because in both, the force is delivered directly to the ocular globe. This study was performed to assess the association between orbital blowout fractures and ocular injuries. Patients and Methods Records of patients with orbital blowout fractures were collected from a single hospital. Those with complete records that included a thorough ophthalmologic examination were collected, and information about the nature of the injury to the bone and the ocular globe was tabulated. Results A total of 225 patients ranging in age from 13 to 98 years (mean, 34.9 yr) who had sustained 240 blowout fractures (15 were bilateral) met the inclusion criteria. In all, 53 fractures (22%) involved ocular injuries that were thought to be directly associated with ocular trauma. The most common positive ocular finding was commotio retinae, which was present in 21 of 60 globes with significant traumatic ocular findings. This was followed in frequency by traumatic mydriasis (19 globes) and traumatic iritis (15 globes). Most ocular injuries were minor. Conclusions The low incidence of significant ocular injury may indicate that direct contact of the globe with the traumatic force is not common. This finding gives credence to the buckling theory of blowout fracture, which seems more likely in most cases.
The utility and cost effectiveness of preoperative computed tomography for patients with uterine malignancies.

Abstract Objective To determine the utility and cost effectiveness of preoperative computed tomography (CT) in detecting disease extent in patients with uterine carcinoma. Methods Medical records of 762 patients with uterine malignancies at hysterectomy from 1990–2006 were reviewed. Study inclusion required preoperative abdominal-pelvic CT scan. All CT findings were correlated with intraoperative and pathologic data. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test. Cost analysis was based on Medicare fee schedules. Results 250 subjects (33%), who underwent preoperative CT, comprised the study cohort. CT suggested metastases in 22 (9%) cases and altered management in 7 (3%). Incidental findings were noted in 43 cases (17%), and altered management in 7 (3%). Among complex atypical hyperplasia (CAH) and grade 1 endometrioid cancers, CT suggested metastases in 9% and demonstrated other incidental findings in 21%; management was altered in just 4% of patients. Similarly, among grade 2/3 endometrioid tumors, CT suggested metastases in 7%, and incidental findings in 14%; management was altered in 4% of cases. For high-risk histologies, CT altered management in 11% of papillary serous and clear cell cases and in 13% of sarcomas. CT findings more often altered management in women with high-risk histologies than in those with endometrioid carcinomas ( p =0.05). Expenditure of $17,622 for CT imaging is required to alter management of one patient. Conclusions Preoperative CT is costly, and rarely alters management in patients with uterine neoplasms, particularly among endometrioid carcinomas. CT may be beneficial in patients with high-risk histologies and requires further study.
Should We Extend Teacher Preparation

A s the attacks on teacher education have increased, one reform strategy seems to have gained the most adherents: the proposal to require teacher candidates to have at least five years of preservice education rather than the four now typically needed for certification. The fiveyear teacher preparat ion movement, which encompasses many programmatic variations, has powerful proponents. Among them are a special task force of the American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education (AACTE), the majori ty of the members of the National Commission on Excellence in Teacher Education, and the Carnegie Forum on Educat ion and the Economy. The Holmes Group, which includes the deans of schools of education at most of the nation's research universities, publicly calls for would-be teachers to complete five years of college and an internship before teaching full-time. Many leading schools of education (such as those at the University of Chicago and Stanford University, and Teachers College, Columbia University) now offer teacher training opportunities only at the postbaccalaureate level. Remarkably, this movement to increase the years of preservice educat ion for prospective teachers has been proceeding apace without serious opposition, despite the probabil i ty that it could decrease both the number and the quality of teacher candidates at a t ime when we expect a severe teacher shortage. Moreover, there is no evidence that ex tended p repara t ion programs make beginning teachers more effective. One reason that extended programs have not been subject to more criticism is that they come in so many shapes and sizes. Here, I am concerned with any strategy that requires students to take a m i n i m u m of five years of college-based coursework (which could inc lude pract ice teaching) before they are allowed to teach at full salary. The case for extended teacher preparat ion programs rests fundamental ly on criticisms of undergraduate programs rather than on documented benefits for postbacca laurea te preservice t eacher educa t ion . A m o n g the attacks on undergraduate programs that appear most to inf luence demands for this p roposed reform are the following:
Gender-related personality traits and ego development: Differential patterns for men and women

Two studies were designed to test the hypothesis that enhanced ego level affords the capacity to express those gender-related traits stereotypical for the opposite sex. In Study 1, 209 white male and female college students completed the Personal Attributes Questionnaire and the Loevinger Sentence Completion Test, a semiprojective measure of ego development. Analyses revealed that for women, instrumentality was related to ego development; for men, expressiveness was associated with ego level. Study 2 further tested this hypothesis using a more heterogeneous sample and several alternative measures of gender-related traits, including the Bem Sex-Role Inventory. Nontraditional gender role traits and ideals (masculinity for females, femininity for males) were associated with higher levels of ego development. Implications of the findings for ego development theory are discussed.
Total Occlusion of the Left Main Coronary Artery in a Young Woman with Survival: A Case Report:

The total occlusion of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) is rare, and the survival depends on the existence of collateral circulation. The author presents a case of total occlusion of the left main coronary artery with survival in a young woman because he thinks this is a very rare case, owing to the sex and age of the patient.
The insider–outsider model and Japanese labor unions

Abstract The insider–outsider model has been used to explain the persistence of shocks to unemployment in Japan. This model of Japanese union behavior is tested using both firm-level and aggregate-level data. The evidence does not provide support for the insider–outsider model, and thus this mechanism for persistence. However, the evidence does show that Japanese unions have a stronger preference for employment stability than U.S. unions.
Associative interference between cues and between outcomes presented together and presented apart: an integration.

In recent years, 'stimulus competition' in the study of acquired behavior has referred exclusively to (a) associative competition between cues trained in compound (e.g. overshadowing and blocking). Rarely cited are older experiments cast in the verbal learning tradition, now complemented with data from humans and rats in Pavlovian preparations, that demonstrate (b) competition between cues separately trained with a common outcome (i.e. proactive and retroactive interference). Similarly neglected are numerous examples of (c) competition between outcomes separately trained with a common cue within the verbal learning literature (also proactive and retroactive interference) as well as within the Pavlovian literature (i.e. counterconditioning). Recent data demonstrate (d) competition between outcomes trained in compound, thereby completing the four cells of a 2x2 matrix (competing stimuli trained together vs. trained apart and the competing stimuli being cues or outcomes) which highlights the ubiquitous nature of associative stimulus interference/competition. Most contemporary theories of acquired behavior can account for the phenomena in one or at most two cells of this matrix. Whether a common mechanism underlies the phenomena in all four cells of the matrix is currently unclear, but until such time as data preclude a common mechanism, parsimony encourages efforts to develop a model that encompasses all four cells. Here we offer a tentative model that addresses all four cells, albeit with two processes.
A mutation in MYD88 (L265P) supports the survival of lymphoplasmacytic cells by activation of Bruton tyrosine kinase in Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) L265P somatic mutation is highly prevalent in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) and supports malignant growth through nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). The signaling cascade(s) by which MYD88 L265P promotes NF-κB activation in WM remain unclear. By lentiviral knockdown or use of a MYD88 inhibitor, decreased phosphorylation of the NF-κB gatekeeper IκBα and survival occurred in MYD88 L265P-expressing WM cells. Conversely, WM cells engineered to overexpress MYD88 L265P showed enhanced survival. Coimmunoprecipitation studies identified Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) complexed to MYD88 in L265P-expressing WM cells, with preferential binding of MYD88 to phosphorylated BTK (pBTK). Increased pBTK was also observed in WM cells transduced to overexpress L265P vs wild-type MYD88. Importantly, MYD88 binding to BTK was abrogated following treatment of MYD88 L265P-expressing cells with a BTK kinase inhibitor. Inhibition of BTK or interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 and 4 (IRAK-1 and -4) kinase activity induced apoptosis of WM cells, and their combination resulted in more robust inhibition of NF-κB signaling and synergistic WM cell killing. The results establish BTK as a downstream target of MYD88 L265P signaling, and provide a framework for the study of BTK inhibitors alone, and in combination with IRAK inhibitors for the treatment of WM.
Weber-Christian panniculitis: A review of 30 cases with this diagnosis

Abstract Background: More than 60 years ago, Christian described a panniculitis that was later termed Weber-Christian disease . Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether this is a specific disease or a nonspecific disease that embraces several specific conditions. Methods: We studied 30 cases diagnosed as Weber-Christian panniculitis and found it possible to make a more specific diagnosis. Results: In 12 patients, findings were compatible with erythema nodosum. Six patients had phlebitis or postphlebitic syndrome. Factitial panniculitis was diagnosed in five patients, and trauma had a role in the conditions of another three patients. Cytophagic panniculitis, lymphoma, and leukemia were recognized in one patient each. The lesion was lobular in almost all cases, and the presence of lipophagia was noted in 19 biopsy specimens. Granulomatous, neutrophilic, and lymphocytic pathologic changes were present in nine, eight, and eight tissue specimens, respectively. Conclusion: The recognition of distinct disease patterns of fat lesions as fat necrosis with pancreatic disease, α 1 -antitrypsin panniculitis, lupus and connective tissue disease panniculitis, involution lipoatrophy, lipomembranous panniculitis, factitial panniculitis syndromes, calcification panniculitis, lipophagic lipoatrophy, and cytophagic panniculitis has lessened the need for a less specific panniculitis category. All these diseases have been reported in the literature as "Weber-Christian disease." Because separate and distinct forms of fat lesions have been described, we believe that the eponym should be abandoned and that more specific diagnoses should be made on the basis of pathogenesis or cause. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;39:56-62.)
Experimental investigation of electrodeless discharge lamps as excitation sources for atomic fluorescence flame spectrometry

Abstract Experimental details of constructing electrodeless discharge tubes are given. The electrodeless discharge tubes are evaluated with respect to design and construction of an optimum source for use in atomic fluorescence flame spectrometry. By means of a statistical evaluation of data, it is shown that source intensities useful for the production of atomic fluorescence are directly related to lamp diameter, gas fill pressure, and form of element (metal or metal iodide) but are independent of the weight of metal or metal iodide introduced into the lamp. The optimum lamp diameter, gas fill pressure, and form of the element for production of analytically useful electrodeless discharge tubes and the spectral characteristics of the resonance lines produced by several electrodeless discharge tubes are given in tabular form. Problems encountered in the production of analytically useful sources for a number of elements are discussed. Resonant cavities and directional antennas as means of coupling microwave power into metal electrodeless discharge tubes are compared. For the studies presented here, the “A” type antenna with a quartz jacket for insulation around each source proved to give the greatest atomic fluorescence signals. Limits of detection for sixteen metals and analytical curves for fourteen metals excited by electrodeless discharge tubes in atomic fluorescence flame spectrometry are given to indicate the analytical utility.
Simplified adaptive control of an orbiting flexible spacecraft

Abstract The paper presents the design of a new simple adaptive system for the rotational maneuver and vibration suppression of an orbiting spacecraft with flexible appendages. A moment generating device located on the central rigid body of the spacecraft is used for the attitude control. It is assumed that the system parameters are unknown and the truncated model of the spacecraft has finite but arbitrary dimension. In addition, only the pitch angle and its derivative are measured and elastic modes are not available for feedback. The control output variable is chosen as the linear combination of the pitch angle and the pitch rate. Exploiting the hyper minimum phase nature of the spacecraft, a simple adaptive control law is derived for the pitch angle control and elastic mode stabilization. The adaptation rule requires only four adjustable parameters and the structure of the control system does not depend on the order of the truncated spacecraft model. For the synthesis of control system, the measured output error and the states of a third-order command generator are used. Simulation results are presented which show that in the closed-loop system adaptive output regulation is accomplished in spite of large parameter uncertainties and disturbance input.
An algorithm for finding optimal integration lattices of composite order

In this paper we describe a search algorithm that can be used to determine good lattices of orderN whenN=NLNR has two nontrivial integer factors. This algorithm is based on relationships between an integer latticeAR of orderNR and its various sublattices all of orderN. Using this we have determined all four dimensional good lattices of order 599 or less. Our list has 23 entries.
Valoración integral de la enfermedad coronaria mediante TC-perfusión con estrés farmacológico

Technological advances in multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) like second-generation dual source scanners have made it possible to evaluate myocardial perfusion as well as the anatomy of the coronary arteries in patients with suspected coronary disease; until recently, this application was confined to other imaging modalities. In this brief communication, we report a cardiac CT imaging protocol that combines CT coronary angiography with the analysis of ventricular function, perfusion, and myocardial viability in a single examination, thereby enabling a comprehensive assessment of coronary disease.
Pooling Experiments Over Time to Quantify the Dynamics of Dryland Winter Wheat Yield Response

This research had a dual purpose: (i) statistical estimation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield response as a function of plant available water and applied N fertilizer from an 8-yr experiment in north-central Montana and (ii) illustration of the modeling methods that are appropriate in this type of research. Summer-fallowed and re-cropped treatments were pooled to obtain an indirect estimate of the extra amount of N made available by summer fallow, as well as to improve the implicit experimental design by providing the necessary variation in plant available water, particularly soil water at seeding. The statistical model was nonlinear regression with an error components disturbance term entering multiplicatively. A new flexible functional form is presented for crop response; it is a polynomial generalization of the Mitscherlich single-factor equation. A major task was to validate the regression model by coosidering various types of specification errors, such as accounting for all concomitant factors associated with pooling the experiments over time. Mineralized N during summer fallow was found to be a negatively sloped linear function of precipitation during the fallow period; the average amount was 24.5 kg ha −1 . Nitrogen and water have strong interactions in shaping the yield response surface, and at high levels of both factors, more of either depresses yield. The depressing effect of N on yield at very low levels of water was clearly discerned
Self-administered urology questionnaire Description and initial evaluation

A self-administered Urology Questionnaire designed to record urologic symptoms, provide an agenda for the physician-patient interview, and teach nonurologists the significance of specific symptoms was developed and administered to 27 male patients. Information from the questionnaire was compared to standard urologic histories recorded by house-officers and medical students. The questionnaire was superior to the standard histories in detecting and recording major urologic symptoms, especially those dealing with sexual function. The symptoms were legibly recorded by the questionnaire, and generally the patient's attitude was one of acceptance.