cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
La Vega slit procedure for the treatment of phimosis.

Abstract Objectives. The surgical treatment of phimosis is usually circumcision. In countries in which circumcision is not widely practiced, this approach results in a phallus that is cosmetically unacceptable. We applied a ventral slit procedure to boys with severe phimosis and achieved outstanding results. Methods. All patients were selected during a 1-week medical mission to La Vega in the Dominican Republic during April 1997. Eight patients presented with severe phimosis. The patient age ranged from 3 to 7 years (mean 4.4). All patients were cleared by the team pediatrician before undergoing the procedure. Results. Eight patients underwent the procedure without complications. The operative time was less than 10 minutes in all instances. All had excellent postoperative cosmesis, were able to retract their foreskins, and voided without difficulty. A follow-up mission to La Vega in March 1998 yielded no complications involving this group of patients. Conclusions. Unlike circumcision and the dorsal slit procedure, this approach yields a phallus that on initial appearance is indistinguishable from an uncircumcised phallus. The procedure is easily performed and should be considered in the treatment of phimosis whenever foreskin preservation is desired.
Pion-pion amplitudes from the boundary condition model

The boundary condition model is used for the theoretical treatment of relativistic strong interactions of mesons( ceramic materia ) containing the dominant dynamical aspects of the Mandelstam relations as well as the correct analytic properties of the S matrix and exact unitarity. The models for the L = 0 (T = 0.2) and L = 2(T = l) channels are presented, satisfying crossing symmetry to the extent possible when ignoring higher partial waves. Values of the scattering lengths and symmetry point amplitudes are given for a few sets of model parameters. (C.E.S.)
FATTY ACIDS OF BEEF HEART SPHINGOMYELIN.

A CERAMIDE lactoside, synthesized to approximate to the structure of the tumour hapten cytolipin H1, was reported2 to have a melting point of 86° C, which appeared low for a cerebroside analogue. A 25-mg sample was absorbed on 7 g silicic acid : ‘Celite’ (5 : 2) in chloroform, and eluted with increasing methanol concentrations in chloroform. At 5 per cent methanol, about 2 mg of ceramide (m.p. 84°–86° C) was obtained, while the bulk of the material, recovered at 30 per cent methanol, had an infra-red spectrum identical to that of the original material, and a melting point of 167°–170° C (measured on a Kohfler micro-hot stage). Under the same conditions, authentic cytolipin H melted at 174°–183° C. At this point, it appeared that the original sample had contained about 10 per cent ceramide (by weight), a contaminant which could not be detected in the infra-red spectrum at that concentration. But the differences in the new melting points could be accounted for by differences in the fatty acids residues of both compounds. A preliminary attempt at the identification of the fatty acid residues of the ceramide lactoside indicated that lignoceric acid (C24, tetracosanoic acid) made up only one-third of the total fatty acids residues, while another one-third was made up on some odd-number saturated fatty acid. It was, therefore, of interest to determine the components of the fatty acid mixture in the sphingomyelin from which the ceramide was prepared for the synthesis of ceramide lactoside.
Modeling Minority Stress Effects on Homelessness and Health Disparities among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men

Sexual minority youth are more likely to experience homelessness, and homeless sexual minority youth report greater risk for mental health and substance abuse symptoms than homeless heterosexual youth, yet few studies have assessed determinants that help explain the disparities. Minority stress theory proposes that physical and mental health disparities among sexual minority populations may be explained by the stress produced by living in heterosexist social environments characterized by stigma and discrimination directed toward sexual minority persons. We used data from a sample of 200 young men who have sex with men (YMSM) (38 % African American, 26.5 % Latino/Hispanic, 23.5 % White, 12 % multiracial/other) to develop an exploratory path model measuring the effects of experience and internalization of sexual orientation stigma on depression and substance use via being kicked out of home due to sexual orientation and current homelessness. Direct significant paths were found from experience of sexual orientation-related stigma to internalization of sexual orientation-related stigma, having been kicked out of one’s home, experiencing homelessness during the past year, and major depressive symptoms during the past week. Having been kicked out of one’s home had a direct significant effect on experiencing homelessness during the past 12 months and on daily marijuana use. Internalization of sexual orientation-related stigma and experiencing homelessness during the past 12 months partially mediated the direct effect of experience of sexual orientation-related stigma on major depressive symptoms. Our empirical testing of the effects of minority stress on health of YMSM advances minority stress theory as a framework for investigating health disparities among this population.
An unexpected seasonal variability of salinity in the Beaufort Sea upper layer in 1996–1998

[1] The salinity in the upper Beaufort Sea from the mixed layer to the thermocline layer was observed by drifting buoys from 1996 to 1998. The salinity in this depth range was lower in winter and higher in the summer, the exact opposite from what one would expect from the seasonal cycle of the freshwater flux associated with the ice melting/freezing and river runoff. In this study, we calculated the daily Ekman transport and upwelling velocity in the Beaufort Sea, using both satellite and buoy data. In fall and winter months, the offshore transport of low-salinity water from the coastal area toward the interior where the buoys were located was observed to be strong. This horizontal Ekman transport led to the freshening of the surface Ekman layer in the buoy location. The convergence of the Ekman transport resulted in a strong downwelling in the offshore regions, and so the halocline and thermocline were pushed downward. The downwelling then results in the freshening of the subsurface salinity as observed by buoys. Other processes, such as lateral advection, may have also played a role in the subsurface freshening. The lack of in situ observations needed to estimate the salinity gradient makes it difficult to assess more accurately the contribution from lateral advection. A scaling analysis using the salinity climatology suggests that the lateral salinity advection, though considerably smaller than the vertical one, may not be negligible.
Effect of Solvation? Complexation of Neodymium(III) with Nitrate in an Ionic Liquid (BumimTf2N) in Comparison with Water

Complexation of neodymium(III) with nitrate has been investigated in an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (i.e., BumimTf2N), at variable temperatures (20, 50, and 70oC) by optical absorption spectroscopy. Luminescence of Eu(III) in the same ionic liquid was studied to help evaluate the complexation of nitrate with Nd(III), and lanthanides(III) in general, in BumimTf2N. In contrast to the weak complexation between Nd(III) and nitrate in water where only Nd(NO3)2+ and Nd(NO3)2 + with very low stability constants have been found, up to six successive nitrate complexes of Nd(III), Nd(NO3)j (3-j)+ where j = 1 – 6, have been observed in dry BumimTf2N. The Nd(III) nitrate complexes in dry BumimTf2N are fairly strong, with the stability constant of Nd(NO3)2+ being seven orders of magnitude higher than that in water. Data obtained by optical absorption, diffuse reflectance, and EXFAS spectroscopy helped to illustrate the coordination mode of nitrate in the Nd(III)/nitrate ...
The intrauterine contraceptive device.

Before its introduction into the United States in 1988, the copper intrauterine device (IUD) was carefully tested following the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for new drugs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) closely monitored postintroduction events for currently available IUDs for nearly a decade before concluding that IUDs were safe and effective methods of birth control. 5 Because IUDs dramatically reduce the risk of unintended pregnancy and are convenient, rapidly reversible, and cost-effective, it is remarkable that this method is so infrequently used in the United States. Less than 1% of married contracepting women in the United States use IUDs. Worldwide, the IUD is the most frequently used method of reversible contraception; 106 million women (10% of married women of reproductive age) were using IUDs for birth control in 1995. 40 In Western Europe, rates range from 7% to 19%. Many US physicians are reluctant to recommend the IUD to their patients because of the negative clinical experience and medicolegal nightmares that resulted from flaws in the Dalkon Shield and earlier misapplications of the IUD. Nevertheless, the dissemination of new scientific evidence and recent clinical experience support greater use of IUDs in the United States.
On Being Explicit Comments on Stanley and Szabo, and on Bach

Soulevant le probleme de l'incompletude du quantificateur dans le cadre de l'interpretation de la matrice descriptiviste, l'A. defend, a travers l'exemple de descriptions genitives, l'approche explicite de la restriction du domaine de quantification, developpee par W. Sellars, contre l'approche syntaxique soutenue par Stanley et Szabo, et contre l'approche pragmatique propre a Bach.
Multivariate data analysis for pattern recognition in two-dimensional NMR

Abstract A new concept for spectral interpretation is presented, relying on multivariate analysis (MVA) of two-dimensional NMR spectra. A data representation of 2D NMR spectra suitable for MVA is introduced, which is shown to have several fortunate properties. Results show that MVA can be used to separate mixtures of spin systems, regardless of coupling approximation, and to classify them. Principal component analysis (PCA) for 2D NMR is described. Two-dimensional simulations in the weak coupling approximation, of the six different coupling topologies that a four-spin system can assume, are generated and PCA is used to reduce each entire spectrum to a simple pattern. These patterns are unique to the spin systems that give rise to them. On the basis of these general models, we correctly classify the aromatic spin system from measured spectra of L-tryptophan. PCA is also used to separate spin systems in an l -tryptophan/salicylic acid mixture. These methods are shown to be fairly insensitive to spectral quality and missing peaks. Extensions of this approach to automated spectral analysis of weakly and strongly coupled systems such as biopolymers are outlined.
Victor's Justice or the Law? Judging And Punishing At The International Criminal Tribunal For The Former Yugoslavia:

The development of fair and impartial criteria for judging those accused of international crimes is one of the most critical issues facing the international community and the International Criminal...
The Volcanoes and Caldera of Talasea, New Britain: Geology and Petrology

The Talasea Peninsula is situated in the New Guinea island arc complex which represents the tectonically active margin of the Australian continent. The peninsula is composed of a chain of Quaternary composite volcanoes and a caldera, with lavas ranging in composition from basalt to rhyolite, although andesite is the dominant variety. The caldera is roughly elliptical in shape, 10 × 13 km, with a volume of collapse of about 75 km 3 . Located within the caldera are two fault-bounded blocks which appear to be remnants of the ancestral mountain. Post-collapse volcanic activity is found at Mt. Makalia, an andesitic volcano which has developed in the central part of the caldera. It last erupted about 80 years ago. The other volcanoes of the peninsula are largely andesitic composite cones, some of which almost certainly have been active in the last few hundred years. A large area of the peninsula is composed of acid extrusions with an average thickness of 100 m. The basalts, andesites, and dacites are often highly porphyntic, containing phenocrysts of plagioclase and diopsidic augite, with olivine in the basic members and hypersthene and a titanomagnetite in the intermediate varieties. The rhyolite and rhyodacite lavas are weakly porphyritic and are characterized by phenocrysts of pyroxene, amphibole, biotite, and quartz. The groundmass of the basic lavas is often mostly glass, but when partly crystalline, it contains plagioclase, hypersthene, and/or pigeonite (usually the latter only), augite, iron-titanium oxides, and accessory tndymite or cristobalite. The Talasea basic lavas are quartz-normative, low in TiO 2 , and show moderate absolute iron-enrichment. The series has high K/Rb ratios and is low in K 2 O in comparison to other New Guinea lava series. Numerical evaluation of crystal fractionation of a possible basaltic parent shows that this process could account for all but the acid lavas of the Talasea series; it is only the dominance of andesite that suggests that the series was generated at a depth where andesite is the low melting composition.
Effect of steam injection into two nearby layers

Equations describing heat transfer between two layers undergoing simultaneous heat injection are developed. Results are presented for realistic examples. Analyses of the results show that the interaction between adjacent layers may be significant. In particular, the growth of the steam zone in one layer may be significantly improved by injection in other layers even when the layers are reasonably far apart. Calculated steam zone volumes and oil production by steam injection may be undervalued if heat transfer between layers is not taken into account. This may result in overlooking field development opportunities.
Optimizing gated detection in high-jitter kilohertz powerchip laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Powerchip lasers provide short, reproducible ablation pulses at rates in excess of a kilohertz, but the pulse to pulse jitter resulting from their passive Q-switches has prevented previous intra-pulse gated measurements. We have performed time-resolved measurements of the analytical figures of merit for the powerchip LIBS determination of copper in aluminum under air, argon and helium atmospheres. Minimum limits of detection were measured 25–125 ns after ablation and were as much as 15× better than the ungated values. These optimal delays would not require an optical delay line in most cases as a result of the short insertion delay of modern ICCDs. Argon cover gas was found to improve LODs slightly. Using gated detection, 1064 nm laser ablation and argon cover gas, we calculate a LOD as low as 0.65 ppm of copper.
Population structure of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) is strongly affected by the landscape

Landscape features such as mountains, rivers, and ecological gradients may strongly affect patterns of dispersal and gene flow among populations and thereby shape population dynamics and evolutionary trajectories. The landscape may have a particularly strong effect on patterns of dispersal and gene flow in amphibians because amphibians are thought to have poor dispersal abilities. We examined genetic variation at six microsatellite loci in Columbia spotted frogs ( Rana luteiventris ) from 28 breeding ponds in western Montana and Idaho, USA, in order to investigate the effects of landscape structure on patterns of gene flow. We were particularly interested in addressing three questions: (i) do ridges act as barriers to gene flow? (ii) is gene flow restricted between low and high elevation ponds? (iii) does a pond equal a ‘randomly mating population’ (a deme)? We found that mountain ridges and elevational differences were associated with increased genetic differentiation among sites, suggesting that gene flow is restricted by ridges and elevation in this species. We also found that populations of Columbia spotted frogs generally include more than a single pond except for very isolated ponds. There was also evidence for surprisingly high levels of gene flow among low elevation sites separated by large distances. Moreover, genetic variation within populations was strongly negatively correlated with elevation, suggesting effective population sizes are much smaller at high elevation than at low elevation. Our results show that landscape features have a profound effect on patterns of genetic variation in Columbia spotted frogs.
Cerebral embolization in asymptomatic versus symptomatic patients after carotid stenting

Background Previous studies have investigated the development of new ischemic brain lesions on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) after carotid artery stenting (CAS). The rate of ischemic brain injury after CAS for asymptomatic stenosis has not been extensively studied but is presumed to be less likely than in symptomatic patients. This study assessed the occurrence of cerebral embolization after CAS for asymptomatic vs symptomatic carotid stenosis. Methods During an 18-month period, 40 patients undergoing CAS under filter embolic protection were prospectively evaluated. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) during CAS and preprocedural and 24-hour postprocedural DW-MRI were used to assess cerebral embolization. Univariate and nonparametric analyses were used to compare differences in cerebral embolization after CAS in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. Results CAS was performed for 23 asymptomatic (58%) and 17 symptomatic (42%) carotid stenoses. The median microembolic counts detected by TCD were 285 (interquartile range [IQR], 182-376) for asymptomatic and 313 (IQR, 170-426) for symptomatic carotid stenosis (P = .6). DW-MRI was available for assessment in 20 asymptomatic and 14 symptomatic patients. New acute cerebral emboli detected with DW-MRI occurred in 10 asymptomatic (50%) and 7 symptomatic patients (50%) undergoing CAS (P = .9). The ipsilateral and total median number of DW-MRI lesions between groups were not statistically significantly different at, respectively, 1 (IQR, 0-2.5) and 1.5 (IQR, 0-3) for asymptomatic vs 0.5 (IQR, 0-2) and 0.5 (IQR, 0-3) for symptomatic carotid stenosis (P > .5). One asymptomatic patient sustained a minor stroke after CAS. No new neurologic events occurred in symptomatic patients. The 30-day stroke-death rate was 2.5% in this series. Conclusions Cerebral embolization, as detected by TCD and DW-MRI, occurs with a similar frequency after CAS for asymptomatic and symptomatic carotid stenosis. Because postprocedural ischemic brain injury occurs in approximately half of asymptomatic patients, the safety of CAS under filter embolic protection for asymptomatic carotid stenosis is uncertain and warrants further study.
Attending to Self Care—A Good Idea for any Season!

Some people put an emphasis on self care at the first of the New Year. Others think that getting your body in shape for summer is important. Actually, attending to one's self-care is something that...
Smoke movement in elevator shafts during a high-rise structural fire

In high-rise fires, smoke is often the leading cause of fatalities. Therefore, in the event of a fire, the ability to predict the movement of smoke throughout a tall structure is of vital importance. Smoke moves depending on a number of interacting and complex factors including weather conditions, building construction, operation of HVAC equipment, as well as the location and intensity of the fire. Smoke often travels long distances from the fire floor, and in the particular case of a high-rise fire, smoke frequently moves to upper floors via open passages such as elevator shafts and stairwells. A network model is described that is capable of accounting for all of the complex interactions among the variables that affect the movement of smoke via an elevator shaft and ultimately into occupied floors within the structure. The program is used to identify and assess the important factors that strongly influence the movement of smoke during a structural fire. The results are used to recommend construction practices and the operation of floor pressurization equipment that will diminish the volume of smoke delivered to upper floors in a high-rise building. Keywords: Fire safety; Smoke movement; Elevator shafts; Neutral pressure plane; Fire pressure distribution; Floor pressurization; High-rise fires
Spectrum Of Peritoneal Mesothelioma In Childhood: Clinical And Histopathologic Features, Including Dna Cytometry

Different types of peritoneal mesothelioma (PM) occur in children and adults. All these share certain histopathologic features but differ in other aspects, such as age of occurrence, site and sex predominance, etiology, and biologic behavior. The article describes four patients, two with cystic PM (one of whom had multiple recurrences) and two with malignant PM (one of whom had pleural metastases). These cases illustrate the variable behavior of this tumor in childhood and highlight the difficulties encountered in diagnosis and treatment. Three different groups of mesothelioma are recognized: a classic, asbestos-related, malignant mesothelioma of adults, typically occurring in the pleural cavity; a multicystic mesothelioma, predominantly affecting the pelvic peritoneum of young women and associated with a good prognosis; and mesotheliomas in children, which are not associated with asbestos exposure and have an unpredictable biologic behavior requiring individual treatment strategies. In the patients studied, DNA index measured by flow cytometry showed a difference between the cystic (aneuploid) and malignant (diploid) tumors. The proliferative rate (S phase) of the tumor was low in all four cases.
What Definitions of Learning Disability Say and Don't Say A Critical Analysis

In this article, we analyze critically available definitions of learning disability (LD). The general problem of definition is discussed first followed by a discussion of individual LD definitions from the earliest to the latest. We conclude that LD definitions fail to provide substantive insight into the nature of the condition. The reasons for this failure are discussed in relation to the nature of definition and the difficulties in providing operational definitions of LD that are meaningful and significant. Finally, means for resolving the problem of definition are discussed.
Coming to the wrong decision quickly: why awareness tools must be matched with appropriate tasks

This paper presents an awareness tool designed to help distributed, asynchronous groups solve problems quickly. Using a lab study, it was found that groups that used the awareness tool tended to converge and agree upon a solution more quickly. However, it was also found that individuals who did not use the awareness tool got closer to the correct solution. Implications for the design of awareness tools are discussed, with particular attention paid to the importance of matching the features of an awareness tool with a workgroup's tasks and goals.
Effect of oxidative iodination of epidermal growth factor on its binding and secretion by hepatocytes.

Experiments were undertaken to determine whether the method of iodination of epidermal growth factor (EGF) affects its binding to rat liver plasma membranes and its uptake, processing, and secretion into bile by intact rat hepatocytes. EGF was iodinated using one of three oxidative reagents: chloramine T (CT), lactoperoxidase (LP), or monochloride (MC). Quantitative receptor binding studies on plasma membranes isolated from male rat livers with either CT-, LP-or MC-125I-EGF indicated no significant difference in the apparent binding constants of the three preparations. To determine whether these three preparations were capable of forming a covalent-like complex with the EGF receptor, they were individually incubated with isolated plasma membranes and subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions, followed by autoradiography. Each preparation formed a major radioactive protein band of ∼180 kD, identified as the EFG receptor by immunoprecipitation with monoclonal anti-EGF receptor antibodies. Furthermore, even unlabeled EGF incubated with plasma membranes formed this same 180 kD band, as revealed on Western blots using anti-EGF antibody. The biliary secretion of CT-, LP-, and MC-125I-EGF was compared by injecting each one into rat portal veins and measuring the total and immunoprecipitable radioactivity in bile. The amount of immunologically intact CT-125I-EGF in bile was significantly greater than the others, whereas MC-125I-EGF transport was significantly reduced. We conclude that the method of iodination does not affect the covalent-like binding properties of EGF. Furthermore, since unlabeled EGF displayed these same binding properties, oxidative iodination procedures per se do not account for the covalent-like association between EGF and its receptor. However, the method of iodination used did affect the intracellular transport and processing of EGF by hepatocytes. The structural modification responsible for this alteration in transport properties has yet to be determined.
The chemistry of hetero-allene and -allylic derivatives with rhodium and iridium III. Elimination of hetero-allene molecules from rhodium(I)-hetero-allylic-phosphine complexes. The first complex with η2-coordinated Ph2PS−

Abstract Carbon monoxide causes elimination of the hetero-allene molecules ptolNNptol and PhNCO in Rh(PPh3)2[Ph2PC(Nptol)Nptol] and Rh(PPh3)2[Ph2PC(NPh)O], respectively. The resulting complex in both cases is [Rh(CO)2(PPh2)(PPh2)]n. In the reaction of RhCl(PPh3)3 with Ph2P(S)C(Nptol)NHptol or Ph2P(S)C(O)NHPh in the presence of a base, a similar elimination occurs yielding the liberated heterocumulene and Rh(PPh3)2(SPPh2). This complex is the first example of a specieswith a side-on coordinated Ph2PS-moiety. We have also prepared this compound and other species, containing η2SPPh2, via direct interaction of RhCl(PPh3)3 and IrCl(PPh3)2(C8H14) with Ph2P(S)H. Upon reaction with CO, the chelating PPh2 group is displaced by CO to give complexes with an end-on coordinated Ph2PS− ligand. Finally, Rh(PPh3)2(SPPh2) incorporates three moles of PhNCS, one by insertion and two by disproportionation, to yield Rh(PPh3)(PhNC)(PhNCS2)[Ph2P(S)C(S)NPh].
Detecting multiple moving objects in crowded environments with coherent motion regions

We propose an object detection system that uses the locations of tracked low-level feature points as input, and produces a set of independent coherent motion regions as output. As an object moves, tracked feature points on it span a coherent 3D region in the space-time volume defined by the video. In the case of multi-object motion, many possible coherent motion regions can be constructed around the set of all feature point tracks. Our approach is to identify all possible coherent motion regions, and extract the subset that maximizes an overall likelihood function while assigning each point track to at most one motion region. We solve the problem of finding the best set of coherent motion regions with a simple greedy algorithm, and show that our approach produces semantically correct detections and counts of similar objects moving through crowded scenes.
Epidemiology of Tinnitus in Adults

1. Many studies have addressed the prevalence of tinnitus, but the definition of tinnitus has varied. 2. Some studies have reported that as many as 80% of the adult population experience tinnitus at some point. 3. Six large population studies in different countries reported prevalence of prolonged tinnitus, varying between 4.4 and 15.1% for adults and between 7.6 and 20.1% for individuals below the age of 50 years. One of the studies reported that 2.4% of the population responded “yes” to the description of tinnitus as “tinnitus plagues me all day.” 4. A study in four cities in England found that tinnitus, on average, occurred in 17.5% of the participants in the age group of 40–60 years and 22.2% in participants above the age of 60 years. 5. Since tinnitus has many forms and its prevalence varies with age and, to some extent, gender, the prevalence of tinnitus cannot be described by a single number. 6. The prevalence of tinnitus increases monotonically up to the age of approximately 70 years, above which the prevalence either becomes constant or decreases slightly with age. 7. The prevalence of tinnitus is lower in women up to 75 years, above which the gender difference becomes small. 8. There is some evidence that noise exposure increases the risk of tinnitus. 9. The odds of having tinnitus increases with the degree of hearing loss when measured at 4 kHz. 10. While reported “trouble hearing” increases monotonically with age, “bothersome tinnitus” increases with age only up to the age group of 65–74, after which it becomes independent of age or decreases slightly with age.
The distribution of star formation and metals in the low surface brightness galaxy UGC 628

We introduce the MUSCEL Program (MUltiwavelength observations of the Structure, Chemistry and Evolution of LSB galaxies), a project aimed at determining the star-formation histories of low surface brightness galaxies. MUSCEL utilizes ground-based optical spectra and space-based UV and IR photometry to fully constrain the star-formation histories of our targets with the aim of shedding light on the processes that led low surface brightness galaxies down a different evolutionary path from that followed by high surface brightness galaxies, such as our Milky Way. Here we present the spatially-resolved optical spectra of UGC 628, observed with the VIRUS-P IFU at the 2.7-m Harlen J. Smith Telescope at the McDonald Observatory, and utilize emission-line diagnostics to determine the rate and distribution of star formation as well as the gas-phase metallicity and metallicity gradient. We find highly clustered star formation throughout UGC 628, excluding the core regions, and a log(O/H) metallicity around -4.2, with more metal rich regions near the edges of the galactic disk. Based on the emission-line diagnostics alone, the current mode of star formation, slow and concentrated in the outer disk, appears to have dominated for quite some time, although there are clear signs of a much older stellar population formed in a more standard inside-out fashion.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Folding of Supported Graphene

The controlled folding of graphene structures driven by molecular interactions with water nanodroplets is analyzed taking into account interactions with supported substrates such as silicon dioxide (SiO2), hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) on SiO2. The interaction between unsupported graphene and a water nanodroplet is strong enough to induce folding on graphene nanostructures. However, when the graphene is supported on SiO2, the attraction between graphene and the substrate prevents graphene from folding but if the substrate is a hydrophobic surface such as HMDS or a solvent such as IPA, the interaction between graphene and the substrate is weak, and depending on the geometry of the graphene structure, folding is possible. The selection of an acceptable substrate and graphene geometry opens the possibility of a controlled fabrication of graphene-based capsules, scrolls, sandwiches, and rings able to carry a payload.
Thioglycollate inactivation of posterior pituitary antidiuretic principle as determined in the rat.

Summary and ConclusionsAfter intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection, an aqueous solution of sodium thioglycollate markedly reduces water diuresis in rats and cannot be used by either route to demonstrate unequivocally whether posterior pituitary antidiuretic principle has been inactivated. By the intravenous route in rats, thioglycollate does not interfere with diuresis and can be shown, as in the dog, to abolish the antidiuretic action of Pitressin. Therefore, there is no controlled experimental evidence that Pitressin contains more than one antidiuretic principle.
Host Preference and Development of the Parasitoid Brachymeria intermedia in Lymantria dispar, Galleria mellonella, and Choristoneura fumiferana

Aspects of development and host preference of the pupal parasitoid Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) were examined in 3 hosts: the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L., and the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens). At 23°C, the parasitoid developed most rapidly in wax moth, followed by spruce budworm, and gypsy moth. In all hosts, ♀ development required 2 more days than male, and ♀ adults were heavier. The weight of B. intermedia females from spruce budworm was lighter than from the other hosts. Developmental rates and emergence from gypsy moth were optimum at 28°C, with 23° less favorable and 18° approaching the lethal minimum. Emergence was reduced in wax moth pupae aged 0, 1, and 9 days. Parasitoids presented 2 hosts preferred gypsy moth to wax moth or spruce budworm and showed no preference between wax moth and spruce budworm.
INCREASED MEMBRANE ORDER OF ERYTHROCYTES IN ALCOHOLICS AS MEASURED BY FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION : A POSSIBLE MARKER FOR TOLERANCE IN ALCOHOLICS

The erythrocyte membranes from 9 healthy non-alcoholic controls and 8 alcoholic patients (fulfilled DSM-III-R criteria for alcohol dependence) were compared for changes in membrane order as measured by fluorescence polarization. The mean amount of change in fluorescence polarization in response to in vitro exposure to ethanol was significantly less in the alcoholics than controls. This increased membrane order of the peripheral blood erythrocytes suggest the presence of pharmacodynamic tolerance to ethanol in the alcoholic patients.
Differential endorsement of suicidal ideation and attempt in bipolar versus unipolar depression: a testlet response theory analysis.

Abstract Background Published data concerning differences in suicide risk across the mood disorders spectrum remain mixed. The current study used testlet response theory methods to evaluate differences in the endorsement of suicidal ideation and attempt in an epidemiological sample of individuals with bipolar and unipolar depression. Method Participants with lifetime history of bipolar I ( n =1154), bipolar II ( n =494), and unipolar ( n =5695) depression were drawn from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, which included 4 structured queries concerning suicidal ideation/attempt. We estimated differential item functioning between groups with a 2-pl parametric item response model. Results Endorsement of suicide items increased as a function of underlying depression severity. Equating for severity, endorsement of suicidal ideation and attempt was generally more frequent in bipolar versus unipolar depression, and in bipolar I versus bipolar II depression. Yet findings were not consistent across all suicide items, and differences were small in magnitude. Limitations The NESARC relied upon lifetime endorsement of suicide items, and suicide risk was only evaluated within the context of a major depressive episode. Thus, this study could not evaluate endorsement of suicide items within the context of (hypo)manic or mixed states. Conclusion Although there were some group differences, patterns of item endorsement were more similar than different. These data support a transdiagnostic model of suicide that emphasizes underlying depression severity over mood disorder class.
Surveillance of HFMD in Jinniu District in 2011

Objective To understand the current epidemic status of hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD) in Jinniu district,and thus to supply a basis for preventing and controlling HFMD.Methods Data were collected from national surveillance system in Jinniu CDC in 2011 and were statistically analyzed.Results Totally 2,177 HFMD infectors were reported,with 31 severe cases and no death;the incidence of HFMD in 2011 was 183.40/105.The main infected cases were kindergarten children and scattered children.Conclusion The overall prevention and control situation are comparatively well,yet pertinent measures such as health education should be carried out timely to prevent the prevalence and outbreak of the disease.
Towards Automatic Inference of Kernel Object Semantics from Binary Code

This paper presents Argos, the first system that can automatically uncover the semantics of kernel objects directly from a kernel binary. Based on the principle of data use reveals data semantics, it starts from the execution of system calls i.e., the user level application interface and exported kernel APIs i.e., the kernel module development interface, and automatically tracks how an instruction accesses the kernel object and assigns a bit-vector for each observed kernel object. This bit-vector encodes which system call accesses the object and how the object is accessed e.g., read, write, create, destroy, from which we derive the meaning of the kernel object based on a set of rules developed according to the general understanding of OS kernels. The experimental results with Linux kernels show that Argos is able to recognize the semantics of kernel objects of our interest, and can even directly pinpoint the important kernel data structures such as the process descriptor and memory descriptor across different kernels. We have applied Argos to recognize internal kernel functions by using the kernel objects we inferred, and we demonstrate that with Argos we can build a more precise kernel event tracking system by hooking these internal functions.
An International Perspective Sub Professionals in Pharmacy

Abstract One of the most vexing issues confronting the profession of pharmacy in the United States today is related to the utilization of nonpharmacists to assist the licensed practitioner in carrying out his pharmaceutical duties. The nonpharmacist has acquired a number of titles including assistant, aide, technician or auxiliary. Whether or not these subprofessional personnel are needed, and if so, in what number and under what kind of academic training, are questions yet to be resolved in the United States. Yet in other nations such subprofessionals do exist. They function within the profession of pharmacy and are trained under diverse curricula.
Information Security Policy Compliance : An Empirical Study on Escalation of Commitment

This study aims to facilitate a new understanding on employees’ attitude towards compliance with the requirements of their information security policy (ISPs) through the lens of escalation. Escalation presents a situation in which employees must decide whether to persist in or withdraw from a non-performing task. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Agency Theory, our model delineates three mediating factors in explaining attitude: work impediment, information asymmetry, and safety of resources. We also propose information security awareness as an independent variable having an indirect effect on attitude through mediating factors. The proposed model is tested using the data collected from 376 employees working in the banking industry. The results of the PLS analyses show that while information asymmetry and safety of resources have significant impacts on attitude, work impediment does not. The results also show that ISA has significant impact on all three mediating factors.
New four-quark Delta S=2 local operator.

We describe a new four-quark \ensuremath{\Delta}S=2 local operator, which we dub the ``dipenguin'' operator. Its form is derived and its K\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} $^{0}$-to-${K}^{0}$ matrix element is estimated. Also, we comment upon bag-model evaluations of K\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} $^{0}$-to-${K}^{0}$ matrix elements of (V-A)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}(V-A) operators.
696. TLR9 Signaling Mediates Transgene Antibody Formation

Recent success in gene therapy clinical trials have shown great promise towards developing efficacious treatments, however antibody formation to the therapeutic protein resulting in treatment attenuation still remains a concern. Driven by the immunologic stimuli of vector administration, transgene expression can elicit a humoral response against “non-self” protein, as these antigens were not presented during the process of central tolerance induction. Previously, we have shown that TLR9 signaling is necessary to mount a CD8+ T cell response that reduces expression of non-secreted transgene product. Here, we show that TLR9 signaling is also involved in driving the activation of B cells to secrete transgene-specific neutralizing antibody. Delivery of the viral vector and the effect of TRL9, route of administration, and promoter on the immune response to transgene expression was studied using the human IDUA gene, which is mutated in the lysosomal storage disorder, mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I). IV administration of C57Bl/6 mice with AAV9.hIDUA under the control of a universal CMV promoter resulted in the production of neutralizing IgG antibodies and loss of transgene activity measured in serum. Surprisingly, when administered to TLR9 knockout mice, antibody formation was very modest to not detectable and IDUA activity maintained at a steady state. Next, we administered AAV9 vectors with expression driven by different promoters, including the universal promoters, CMV and CB7, and the liver-restricted promoter, TBG. Mice that received vectors containing universal promoters demonstrated elevated IgG to hIDUA, while those with liver-specific expression did not. Co-administration of the TBG- and CMV-containing vectors did not inhibit IgG formation, demonstrating that expression in non-liver tissue drives the immune system to a humoral response, and overcomes the potential tolerogenic effect of liver-specific expression. In ongoing experiments, hIDUA constructs containing CpG motifs that are known to bind efficiently to TLR9 will be used to assess the impact of TLR9 signaling on transgene-specific neutralizing antibody production. Overall, our results suggest that TLR9 signaling is important for the development of anti-transgene antibodies.
Clinical outcomes following resection of giant spinal schwannomas: a case series of 32 patients

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to review clinical outcomes following resection of giant spinal schwannomas. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective review of a case series of patients with giant spinal schwannomas at a tertiary cancer hospital. RESULTS Thirty-two patients with giant spinal schwannomas underwent surgery between September 1998 and May 2013. Tumor size ranged from 2.5 cm to 14.6 cm with a median size of 5.8 cm. There were 9 females (28.1%) and 23 males (71.9%), and the median age was 47 years (range 23–83 years). The median follow-up duration was 36.0 months (range 12.2–132.4 months). Three patients (9.4%) experienced recurrence and required further treatment. All recurrences developed following subtotal resection (STR) of cellular or melanotic schwannoma. There were 3 melanotic (9.4%) and 6 cellular (18.8%) schwannomas included in this study. Among these histological variants, a 33.3% recurrence rate was noted. In 1 case of melanotic schwannoma, malignant transformation occ...
ZnO nanoparticle-based optical sensors fabricated by high current density electrodeposition and flame oxidation

Near ultraviolet light is widely applied for bactericidal treatments. In order to study the relation between bacteria inactivation and light power, near-UV sensors with low detection limit and high sensitivity are desired. Based on previous research results of applying wide bandgap metal oxide semiconductors for UV/near-UV sensors, we developed an in-situ fabrication process for ZnO nanoparticle-based near-UV sensors using high current density electrodeposition and flame oxidation. The developed sensors exhibit microporous texture decorated with nanoparticles. The sensors showed well-defined near-UV responses with high sensitivity and fast recovery.
Tremble and tremor: Etymology, usage patterns, and sound symbolism in the history of English.

Human beings have been shaking for millennia, and among the tremor disorders, essential tremor is the most common.1,2 The original usage of the curious word essential in this particular disease context has been the focus of prior historical study.3 The word essential was used towards the end of the 19th century in order to indicate a medical diathesis that was often familial and occurred in isolation from other neurologic signs.3 However, the historical origins of the English word tremor and its related verb tremble are a different matter and, to our knowledge, have not been considered previously. Furthermore, earlier English speakers' choice of these particular words and sound combinations to describe shaking has not been explored. In this collaboration between a neurologist and a historical linguist, we study the etymology (i.e., origins and first recorded usages), historical usage patterns, and phonology (i.e., sounds) of the words tremor and tremble in English. Also, we thread into this discussion considerations of semantics (i.e., lexical meaning). Our goal is to enhance our understanding of the historical origins, development, and meaning of medical terminology commonly used in clinical practice.
Multidimensional Tracking of GPCR Signaling via Peroxidase-Catalyzed Proximity Labeling

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play critical roles in regulating physiological processes ranging from neurotransmission to cardiovascular function. Current methods for tracking GPCR signaling suffer from low throughput, modification or overexpression of effector proteins, and low temporal resolution. Here, we show that peroxidase-catalyzed proximity labeling can be combined with isobaric tagging and mass spectrometry to enable quantitative, time-resolved measurement of GPCR agonist response in living cells. Using this technique, termed "GPCR-APEX," we track activation and internalization of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor and the β2 adrenoceptor. These receptors co-localize with a variety of G proteins even before receptor activation, and activated receptors are largely sequestered from G proteins upon internalization. Additionally, the two receptors show differing internalization kinetics, and we identify the membrane protein LMBRD2 as a potential regulator of β2 adrenoceptor signaling, underscoring the value of a dynamic view of receptor function.
KNEE ARTHROGRAPHY: Evolution and Current Status

This article explores arthrography of the knee beginning with a brief historical perspective of conventional knee arthrography and culminating in direct and indirect MR arthrography of the knee. This article discusses the advantages of MR arthrography in the radiologic assessment of the postoperative meniscus, abnormalities of articular cartilage, and synovial-based processes.
Assessing the value of endoscopic ultrasound in predicting symptom severity and long-term clinical course in chronic pancreatitis

Abstract Background To date, no studies have evaluated the correlation between number of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) criteria met for chronic pancreatitis (CP) and symptom severity over the course of the disease. This study assessed the relationship between number of EUS-based diagnostic criteria for CP and CP severity over time. Methods A University of Louisville database was queried for patients undergoing EUS due to concern for chronic pancreatitis between 2005 and 2016. Patients were grouped based on EUS criteria met for CP and groups were compared along outcome and procedural variables. Results Of a total of 243 patients, 24, 129, and 90 patients met 1–3, 4–5, and ≥6 EUS diagnostic criteria, respectively. Median follow-up time was 33 months. Along all follow-up parameters, number of diagnostic criteria was positively correlated with an increased percentage of patients requiring operative intervention for chronic pancreatitis on univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusions In addition to the role of EUS criteria in establishing the diagnostic severity of patients with symptomatic chronic pancreatitis, the number of EUS-based criteria may help predict patients who will eventually require operative intervention and thus prompt referral to a pancreatobiliary surgeon earlier in the course of a patient's disease.