cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Slip-related characterization of gait kinetics: Investigation of pervious concrete as a slip-resistant walking surface

Slip-related falls are a significant health problem, particularly on icy walking surfaces. Pervious concrete, a material allowing rapid exfiltration of melted ice from the walking surface, may help reduce slipping risk. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare slipping characteristics of traditional and pervious concrete walking surfaces in icy conditions using kinetic biomechanical analyses. We hypothesized that pervious concrete, in comparison to traditional concrete, would be characterized by less severe ice-related alteration of friction during gait. Healthy young participants performed gait trials on traditional and pervious concrete surfaces during dry and icy conditions. Ground reaction forces were used to determine maximal magnitude and timing of loading phase normal force, shear force, and normalized friction usage, defined as the ratio of shear to normal force normalized to static coefficient of friction. Pervious concrete, in comparison to traditional concrete, exhibited smaller ice-related increases in normalized friction usage. While ice-related delays in achieving peak friction were observed on traditional concrete, icy conditions did not have an impact on maximal shear force magnitude or timing on pervious concrete. Our results indicate a larger margin between friction forces used during walking and those that would cause a slip, suggesting that pervious concrete may be a more slip-resistant alternative to traditional concrete in icy conditions. The findings reported here may lead to pavement design recommendations for the use of pervious concrete in areas of high pedestrian traffic and elevated slipping risk.
Novel quadratic programming approach for time series clustering with biomedical application

Fundamental problems in data mining mainly involve discrete decisions based on numerical analyses of data (e.g., class assignment, feature selection, data categorization, identifying outlier samples). These decision-making problems in data mining are combinatorial in nature and can naturally be formulated as discrete optimization problems. One of the most widely studied problems in data mining is clustering. In this paper, we propose a new optimization model for hierarchical clustering based on quadratic programming and later show that this model is compact and scalable. Application of this clustering technique in epilepsy, the second most common brain disorder, is a case point in this study. In our empirical study, we will apply the proposed clustering technique to treatment problems in epilepsy through the brain dynamics analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. This study is a proof of concept of our hypothesis that epileptic brains tend to be more synchronized (clustered) during the period before a seizure than a normal period. The results of this study suggest that data mining research might be able to revolutionize current diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy as well as give a greater understanding of brain functions (and other complex systems) from a system perspective.
Carboxypeptidase Activity of the Zinc Metalloprotease in the Cement Precursor Secretion of the Barnacle, Chthamalus fragilis Darwin

Abstract The liquid cement precursor secretion (CPS) of the adult barnacle, Chthamalus fragilis , exhibits Zn-metalloprotease activity. To assess the bond specificity of the Zn-metalloprotease, samples of liquid CPS were collected by glass micropipette from the exposed bases of adult barnacles and incubated in 50 mM Tris buffer, pH 8.0, containing 10 mM Ca ++ , at 27°C or 20°C for 6 or 24 hr. in the presence of fluorescent dye-labeled synthetic C-1 and A-1 PepTag peptides. These peptides have a net positive charge and migrate toward the anode during agarose gel electrophoresis. When incubated with the C-1 PepTag peptide, CPS samples generated F1 hydrolysis fragments that failed to migrate during electrophoresis in 0.8% agarose gels, indicating the presence of proteolytic activity in the CPS. Proteolysis of the C-1 peptide was inhibited by 2.0 mM orthophenanthroline in the presence of 10 mM Ca ++ ions. No hydrolysis products were generated when samples of CPS were incubated in the presence of the A-1 PepTag peptide. This suggested that the CPS contained a Zn-metalloprotease that exhibited a preference for the carboxy-terminal lysine of the C-1 PepTag peptide. There were no indications of aminopeptidase or endopeptidase activities in the barnacle CPS. When incubated with hippuryl-lysine and hippuryl-arginine substrates, samples of CPS gave activities ranging from 111 to 319 μ mol hippuric acid formed/min/mg of CPS protein. These observations indicate that the CPS of C. fragilis contains a Zn-metallo-exoprotease with a preference for carboxy-terminal basic amino acids.
A wideband multiresonant single-element slot antenna

A very simple way of designing wideband printed antennas with excellent radiation parameters over the entire bandwidth is presented. Many existing wideband, single-element, printed antennas achieve wideband operation from different radiation mechanisms and field distributions at different frequencies, which results in inconsistent radiation patterns over their bandwidth. Unlike such antennas, the studied antenna has consistent radiation parameters over a 1.86:1 bandwidth and has very low cross polarization levels at different directions and frequencies. The antenna is a single-element slot antenna with a microstrip feed modified to create two fictitious short circuits along the slot. This results in relatively close resonant frequencies to give a wider bandwidth.
Brief paper: Analysis of partial stability problems using sum of squares techniques

A methodology for algorithmic construction of Lyapunov functions for problems concerning the stability of an equilibrium with respect to part of the system variables is proposed. This methodology utilizes the previously developed sum of squares technique to determine Lyapunov certificates. Conditions for stability with respect to part of the variables are developed that allow for Lyapunov functions to be determined in terms of a sum of squares. Asymptotic stability conditions in terms of sum of squares polynomials are developed for autonomous and non-autonomous systems. An example is presented which demonstrates the methodology and gives insight into the new stability conditions.
Prediction of cellular structure in free expansion polymer foam processing

A model is presented for free expansion polymer foam processing that includes simultaneous nucleation and bubble growth. The nucleation model includes dissolved gas, small critical cluster size, elastic, and non-ideal solution effects. An influence volume approach, which couples nucleation and bubble growth, is used to account for the limited supply of dissolved gas. The resulting set of equations are solved using a combination of numerical techniques. A parametric study is conducted to examine the effects of key process variables on bubble growth, nucleation, and final bubble size distribution.
Western psychotherapy in traditional Arabic societies.

Abstract Because psychotherapy has largely been the product of Western culture, it has tended to emphasize individualism in that the self is usually defined as separate from a collective social identity. However, there has been no corresponding development of individualism in traditional Arab society. Psychotherapy has been described as a process in which one becomes aware of, and learns to express feelings and needs that were previously prohibited or unconscious. The generic goal of psychotherapy has often been described as “self-integration” or “self-actualization.” Such goals would be condemned in Arabic society, where collective identity is given precedence over the self. Although Western psychotherapy can help to alleviate internal conflicts within the Arabic client, it will often result in greater conflict between the individual and society. In fact, many of the basic techniques of psychotherapy are at odds with core beliefs of the Arabic culture. This paper presents a conceptualization in which Western psychotherapy can successfully be adapted to current Middle Eastern culture.
Tensile characteristics of PTFE sutures.

Abstract The tensile strength, load to failure and knotting characteristics of the six gauges of a new PTFE suture have been studied. In its unstressed state, the suture comprises 50% by volume of air but this diminishes upon stretching so that its diameter appears to be very large and the tensile strength low. The low surface surface friction necessitates fairly complex knotting regimens (3 = 1=3 = 2 or 3 = 1 = 3 = 3) to ensure stable knot configurations, i.e. failure of the loop before knot failure. However, the relatively simple 2 = 1 = 1 = 1 configuration was found to have an adequate tensile strength.
Disruption of automatic speech following a right basal ganglia lesion

Following a right basal ganglia lesion, a right-handed man, age 75, was unable to recite familiar verses. Serial automatic speech, singing, recitation of rhymes, and swearing were impaired, and only idioms and social greetings were preserved. Speech no longer contained overused phrases and he could comprehend automatic speech. In contrast, propositional speech was preserved in both French and Hebrew. Right basal ganglia lesions may impair production but not comprehension of automatic speech.
Precision laser ranging using extremely chirped pulses from chirped fiber Bragg gratings

Spectrally resolved interferometry combining up-chirped and down-chirped pulses allows for millimeter range resolution in laser ranging applications. Key in our approach is the use of temporally stretched optical pulses of 5 nanoseconds in duration. These stretched pulses were obtained from a femtosecond semiconductor mode-locked laser and were up-chirped and down-chirped using a chirped fiber Bragg grating and recombined to realize spectral interferometry. This approach provides a means to achieve the high pulse energies required for a laser radar application which are easy to achieve using nanosecond pulses but maintains the high spatial resolution associated with femtosecond optical pulses.
Single mothers and child support receipt in Peru

Using cross-sectional data from the National Household Surveys (2004-2012), this study presents the trend in child support receipt in Peru over this period and factors associated with child support receipt. In both descriptive and multivariate logit analyses, the likelihood of receiving support among single mothers increased substantially. Some factors related to receiving support are similar to those in other countries, particularly those related to the strength of ties between the noncustodial father and the single mother and their children. But other factors differ, and the results show an important pattern in which some of those who are more disadvantaged are more likely to receive support, perhaps because they have more needs, while other areas of disadvantage are associated with a lowered likelihood of receipt. Research and policy implications are discussed.
Four-incision radial keratotomy for low to moderate myopia.

Abstract The first 112 consecutive eyes (75 patients) to undergo four-incision radial keratotomy (RK) performed by four surgeons were evaluated retrospectively. The preoperative myopia (spherical equivalent) ranged from −1.12 to −7.00 D (95% between −1.12 and −4.25 D). The preoperative uncorrected visual acuity was 20/100 or worse in 95% of the eyes. A six-month follow-up was achieved in 95% of the eyes and 45% were followed over one year. Following four incision RK, 79% of the eyes achieved 20/40 or better vision and 82% were corrected to within 1 D of emmetropia. Following repeat RK in 15 eyes (13%), 82% had uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better, and 90% were corrected to within 1 D of emmetropia. Only 3.5% of the eyes were overcorrected by more than 1 D and only one eye had induced astigmatism greater than 1 D. For eyes with preoperative myopia up to −4.25 D over 90% achieved uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better and were within 1 D of emmetropia following primary four incision RK and a second four incisions in 13 eyes (12%). Only 3.5% of the eyes in this group were overcorrected by more than 1 D. There were no serious complications.
Akt helps stem cells heal the heart.

Bone marrow–derived stem cells have been used with some success in animal models to repair ischemic damage to the heart. Overexpression of the survival-promoting signal Akt greatly enhances the ability of these cells to heal a heart after myocardial infarction (pages 1195–1201).
Women, Education, and Family Structure in India

Women, Education, and Family Structure in India. Carol Chapnick Mukhopadhyay and Susan Seymour, eds. San Francisco: Westview Press, 1994. 246 pp.
Creating a Market in American Art: the Contribution of the Macbeth Gallery

During the 1880s the market for American art hit bottom. In 1879, the successful New York art dealer, Samuel P. Avery, was forced to abandon plans he had made a decade earlier to exhibit paintings of American artists.1 The market wanted European paintings and Oriental porcelains and that is what he exhibited. On the auction block the American Art Association sold paintings by artists as well known and previously popular as Bierstadt and Church for nearly half of the price they had originally commanded.2 In his 1881 diary the artist, James McEntee, complained bitterly that the one dealer who demonstrated some interest in contemporary American painting, Gustav Reichard, charged as much as forty rather than the customary twenty-five percent commission. "I do not know if I have the energy and enterprize to fight my way. "3 Meanwhile The New York Times pleaded with collectors of American art not to sell at the depressed prices that currently prevailed.4 Such was the condition of the market for American art when in 1892, William Macbeth (1851-1917), a Scots-Irish immigrant, opened the first gallery to deal exclusively in American art. To do so he left an excellent job at a New York printmaking firm. On his Gallery's tenth anniversary, Macbeth recalled the reaction his decision had elicited: "There were many head shakings by friends who had less faith than I in the future of American Art. Looking back to that time I am of the opinion that I must have had a good deal of courage, for no one else had ventured to make the work of American artists more than a side issue in the picture business. "5
Enteric Infection with Citrobacter rodentium Induces Coagulative Liver Necrosis and Hepatic Inflammation Prior to Peak Infection and Colonic Disease

Acute and chronic forms of inflammation are known to affect liver responses and susceptibility to disease and injury. Furthermore, intestinal microbiota has been shown critical in mediating inflammatory host responses in various animal models. Using C. rodentium, a known enteric bacterial pathogen, we examined liver responses to gastrointestinal infection at various stages of disease pathogenesis. For the first time, to our knowledge, we show distinct liver pathology associated with enteric infection with C. rodentium in C57BL/6 mice, characterized by increased inflammation and hepatitis index scores as well as prominent periportal hepatocellular coagulative necrosis indicative of thrombotic ischemic injury in a subset of animals during the early course of C. rodentium pathogenesis. Histologic changes in the liver correlated with serum elevation of liver transaminases, systemic and liver resident cytokines, as well as signal transduction changes prior to peak bacterial colonization and colonic disease. C. rodentium infection in C57BL/6 mice provides a potentially useful model to study acute liver injury and inflammatory stress under conditions of gastrointestinal infection analogous to enteropathogenic E. coli infection in humans.
Endogenous prostaglandins selectively mask large arteriole constriction to angiotensin II

Television microscopy was used to observe the responses of in vivo arterioles and venules of the rat cremaster muscle to the topical application of angiotensin II (10(-8) and 10(-6) M). Neither the first- (A1) or second-order arterioles (A2) nor the first- (V1) or second-order venules (V2) constricted significantly to angiotensin II. However, after the inhibition of local prostaglandin synthesis with either mefenamic acid or indomethacin, both A1 and A2, but not the venules, gave a significant constrictor response to angiotensin II (10(-6) M). Arterioles and venules, which were preconstricted with norepinephrine, dilated to their initial baseline diameters after angiotensin II (10(-6) M), a response not observed when the microvessels were pretreated with either an angiotensin antagonist or a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor. These observations indicate that endogenous prostaglandins exert a significant dilator influence on the larger arterioles, that this dilator influence appears to oppose the constrictor effect of angiotensin II, and that angiotensin II acts on specific receptors to induce synthesis and/or release of dilator prostaglandins in large arterioles. However, prostaglandins cannot account for the absence of a venular constriction to angiotensin.
The Effect of Cultural Values, Professional Engineering Cultures, and Technology on International Joint Ventures in Mexico and the United States

Recent economic developments and changes in international trade relations are increasing the number of international joint ventures that are managed by professional engineers. This trend has created a need for a greater understanding of the interaction and effect of values, culture, and technology in a multicultural environment on the likelihood of success and the performance of international joint ventures. This study discusses the cultural values, professional engineering cultures, and the effect of technology on the values of engineering managers and subordinates and how these factors affect the formation, structure, and outcomes of international joint ventures in Mexico and the United States. Furthermore, the results of this study are obtained from the Hofstede’s Value Module Survey and the Schwartz’s Value Survey to distinguish between the Mexican and United States’ cultures.
Outcomes of Thematic Apperception Test and Apperceptive Personality Test Stories

8 Thematic Apperception Test or 8 Apperceptive Personality Test stimulus pictures were shown to each of 40 college students randomly selected from a larger group of 503 students with the instructio...
Harvesting verifiable challenges from oblivious online sources

Several important security protocols require parties to perform computations based on random challenges. Traditionally, proving that the challenges were randomly chosen has required interactive communication among the parties or the existence of a trusted server. We offer an alternative solution where challenges are harvested from oblivious servers on the Internet. This paper describes a framework for deriving "harvested challenges" by mixing data from various pre-existing online sources. While individual sources may become predictable or fall under adversarial control, we provide a policy language that allows application developers to specify combinations of sources that meet their security needs. Participants can then convince each other that their challenges were formed freshly and in accordance with the policy. We present Combine, an open source implementation of our framework, and show how it can be applied to a variety of applications, including remote storage auditing and non-interactive client puzzles.
Glass Cliffs and Organizational Saviors: Barriers to Minority Leadership in Work Organizations?

Racial/ethnic minorities remain underrepresented in positions of authority. While ample scholarship has identified barriers to mobility, much less scholarship has explored the conditions under which minorities are promoted to leadership positions. Relying on a unique data set that includes all transitions among NCAA men's basketball head coaches over a 30-year period, we analyze the promotion probability and post-promotion trajectory of minority coaches. First, we find that minority coaches are more likely to be appointed in historically black colleges and universities (HBCU) due to bottom-up ascription. Second, minorities are more likely than whites to be promoted to losing teams, a phenomenon termed the glass cliff. And third, when minority coaches are unable to generate winning records they are replaced by white coaches, a phenomenon we term the savior effect. By testing mechanisms related to the mobility chances of minorities, this analysis advances our understanding of the processes that shape racial/ethnic hierarchies in organizations.
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response to prostaglandin E2 on subpopulations of human lymphocytes

Receptors for prostaglandin E2 or histamine were measured on subpopulations of human lymphocytes, using the cyclic AMP increase after exposure to prostaglandin or histamine as an indicator for the presence of receptors. The cyclic AMP response to prostaglandin E2 was similar in unfractionated lymphocytes and the T-enriched and T-depleted fractions. Within the T-enriched population, T cells bearing a receptor for the Fc portion of IgG (T gamma-cells) had a 27.4-fold rise in cyclic AMP after exposure to prostaglandin E2, whereas the remaining T cells (non-T gamma cells) had a fourfold increase. It would appear that prostaglandin receptors are concentrated on a small subfraction of T gamma cells, comprising approximately 15% of the T-cell population. The cyclic AMP response to histamine was less than twofold in all lymphocyte fractions.
Prokaryotic carbonic anhydrases

Carbonic anhydrases catalyze the reversible hydration of CO(2) [CO(2)+H(2)Oright harpoon over left harpoon HCO(3)(-)+H(+)]. Since the discovery of this zinc (Zn) metalloenzyme in erythrocytes over 65 years ago, carbonic anhydrase has not only been found in virtually all mammalian tissues but is also abundant in plants and green unicellular algae. The enzyme is important to many eukaryotic physiological processes such as respiration, CO(2) transport and photosynthesis. Although ubiquitous in highly evolved organisms from the Eukarya domain, the enzyme has received scant attention in prokaryotes from the Bacteria and Archaea domains and has been purified from only five species since it was first identified in Neisseria sicca in 1963. Recent work has shown that carbonic anhydrase is widespread in metabolically diverse species from both the Archaea and Bacteria domains indicating that the enzyme has a more extensive and fundamental role in prokaryotic biology than previously recognized. A remarkable feature of carbonic anhydrase is the existence of three distinct classes (designated alpha, beta and gamma) that have no significant sequence identity and were invented independently. Thus, the carbonic anhydrase classes are excellent examples of convergent evolution of catalytic function. Genes encoding enzymes from all three classes have been identified in the prokaryotes with the beta and gamma classes predominating. All of the mammalian isozymes (including the 10 human isozymes) belong to the alpha class; however, only nine alpha class carbonic anhydrase genes have thus far been found in the Bacteria domain and none in the Archaea domain. The beta class is comprised of enzymes from the chloroplasts of both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants as well as enzymes from phylogenetically diverse species from the Archaea and Bacteria domains. The only gamma class carbonic anhydrase that has thus far been isolated and characterized is from the methanoarchaeon Methanosarcina thermophila. Interestingly, many prokaryotes contain carbonic anhydrase genes from more than one class; some even contain genes from all three known classes. In addition, some prokaryotes contain multiple genes encoding carbonic anhydrases from the same class. The presence of multiple carbonic anhydrase genes within a species underscores the importance of this enzyme in prokaryotic physiology; however, the role(s) of this enzyme is still largely unknown. Even though most of the information known about the function(s) of carbonic anhydrase primarily relates to its role in cyanobacterial CO(2) fixation, the prokaryotic enzyme has also been shown to function in cyanate degradation and the survival of intracellular pathogens within their host. Investigations into prokaryotic carbonic anhydrase have already led to the identification of a new class (gamma) and future research will undoubtedly reveal novel functions for carbonic anhydrase in prokaryotes.
Integrating Social Media Into Existing Work Environments: The Case of Delicious

This article offers an example case of technical communicators integrating the social bookmarking site Delicious into existing work environments. Using activity theory to present conceptual foundations and concrete steps for integrating the functionalities of social media, the article builds on research within technical communication that argues for professional communicators to participate more fully in the design of communication systems and software. By examining the use of add-ons and tools created for Delicious, and the customized use of Rich Site Syndication (RSS) feeds that the site publishes, the author argues for addressing the context-sensitive needs of project teams by integrating the functionality of social media applications generally and repurposing their user-generated data.
Hydration structures near finite-sized nanoscopic objects reconstructed using inelastic x-ray scattering measurements

Recent work has shown that it is possible to use high resolution dynamical structure factor S(q ,ω )data measured with inelastic x-ray scattering to reconstruct the Green’s function of water, which describes its dynamical density response to a point charge. Here, we generalize this approach and describe a strategy for reconstructing hydration behavior near simple charge distributions with excluded volumes, with the long term goal of engaging hydration processes in complex molecular systems. We use this Green’s function based imaging of dynamics method to generate hydration structures and show that they are consistent with those of well-studied model systems. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Improved coverage and accuracy with strand-conserving sequence enrichment

Targeted next-generation sequencing is becoming a common tool in the molecular diagnostic laboratory. However, currently available methods to enrich for regions of interest in the DNA sequence suffer from drawbacks such as high cost, complex protocols, lack of clinical-level accuracy and uneven target coverage. A target-enrichment approach using complementary long padlock probes described in a recent article significantly improves on previous methods in most of these areas.
Four clinical tests of sacroiliac joint dysfunction: the association of test results with innominate torsion among patients with and without low back pain.

Background and Purpose. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between innominate torsion (asymmetric anteroposterior positioning of the pelvic innominates) and the Gillet, standing forward flexion, sitting forward flexion, and supine-to-sit tests. Subjects. A sample of 21- to 50-year-old patients with low back pain (n=150) and a comparison group of patients with upper-extremity impairments (n=138) were recruited from outpatient physical therapy facilities. Methods. The association of single and combined test results with innominate torsion (calculated from pelvic landmark data) and with presence or absence of low back pain were estimated via odds ratios, sensitivities, specificities, and predictive values. Results. Individual test sensitivities were low (8%-44%), as were negative predictive values (28%-38%), for identifying the presence of innominate torsion. Combining tests and controlling for sex, age group, leg-length difference, or iliac crest level did not improve performance characteristics. The associations of test results with low back pain were weak, with the exception of the Gillet test (odds ratio=4.57). Conclusion and Discussion. The data do not support the value of these tests in identifying innominate torsion, although the use of these tests for identifying other phenomena (eg, sacroiliac joint hypomobility) cannot be ruled out. Further exploration of the association of Gillet test results with low back pain is warranted.
Predictive validity in a prospective follow-up of PTSD in preschool children.

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the predictive validity of an alternative to the DSM-IV for diagnosing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in preschool children and prospectively explore the course of PTSD symptomatology. Method Sixty-two traumatized children, ages 20 months through 6 years, were assessed three times in 2 years with caregiver diagnostic interviews. Results PTSD diagnosis at visit 1 significantly predicted degree of functional impairment 1 and 2 years later and predicted PTSD diagnosis 2 years later but not 1 year later. The lack of 1-year diagnostic continuity may be explained by children with new traumas. Unexpectedly, overall PTSD symptoms did not remit over time, regardless of community treatment; however, reexperiencing symptoms decreased and avoidance/numbing symptoms increased with time, with avoidance/numbing symptoms increasing at a faster rate in children with PTSD at visit 1. The previous finding that arousal may cause emotional numbing was not replicated. Significantly more children were functionally impaired at visits 2 (48.9%) and 3 (74.3%) than were diagnosed with PTSD (23.4% and 22.9%, respectively). Conclusions This study demonstrates predictive validity for the alternative method of diagnosing PTSD in preschool children. The unremitting course of PTSD symptomatology in preschool children and rates of impairment that are higher than rates of diagnosis indicate the need for efficacious treatment.
Locus of control and persistence in structured and unstructured preschool classrooms

The effect of locus of control and classroom structure on persistence and attention in preschool children was examined. Teachers' ratings of persistence were obtained for 16 children from a relatively structured classroom and for 18 children from a relatively unstructured classroom. Locus of control was measured by administering the Preschool and Primary Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Scale (Nowicki & Duke, 1974). As predicted, teachers from the structured classrooms rated externally controlled children as more persistent (r=.55, p<.05), while teachers from the unstructured classroom rated internally controlled children as more persistent (r= -.35, p<.10). Practical implications of this line of research for making classroom placement decisions are discussed.
Presentation and Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Disorders in Children

The first disorder of mitochondrial function was described by Luft in 1959. Over the ensuing decades, multiple cases of mitochondrial dysfunction were reported, and the term “mitochondrial disorder” arose to describe any defect in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The sequence of the mitochondrial genome was elucidated in 1981 by Anderson et al., and during the next 20 years, >200 pathogenic point mutations, deletions, insertions, and rearrangements were described. Most of the original cases were adults, and the diagnosis of a mitochondrial disorder in an adult patient became relatively straightforward. Adults present with well-defined “mitochondrial syndromes” and generally carry mitochondrial DNA mutations that are easily identified. Children with mitochondrial disorders are much harder to define. Children are more likely to have a nuclear DNA mutation, whereas the “classic” syndromic findings tend to be absent. This review describes both the varying presentations of mitochondrial disorders and the common laboratory, imaging, and pathologic findings related to children.
A Multitheoretical Intervention for Promoting Recovery From Extramarital Affairs

Extramarital affairs are a widespread problem for couples and for marital therapists. In this article we conceptualize affairs as interpersonal trauma and propose a multitheoretical approach for addressing characteristic responses to affairs. We also discuss how forgiveness may be a key element in promoting recovery from affairs and outline a three-stage model of forgiveness that has previously been validated by basic research. Next, we describe a marital intervention for recovery from infidelity based on a multitheoretical approach and our three-stage model of forgiveness. The treatment model consists of three stages: an “impact” stage, a “meaning” stage, and a “moving on” stage. Finally, we consider individual differences in affect and development that may moderate responses to affairs and outline additional conceptual and empirical issues directing future research.
Making The Case For The Creation Of An Academic Honesty And Integrity Culture In Higher Education: Reflections And Suggestions For Reducing The Rise In Student Cheating

Using an example from the work of one university in the United States, this case is principally an essay of reflections, thoughts, questions, and suggestions for the creation of an academic honesty and integrity culture in higher education institutions. The authors provide their thoughts and insights from their combined 30 years of teaching and administration experiences regarding this important and challenging academic area. The authors were recently involved in the revision of their business schools academic honesty policy as well as in their schools yearly conference for all faculty members full-time and adjunct in which the topic of academic honesty was the primary academic component. This article is not intended to be a research type article, though some current research on academic honesty will be presented, neither is it intended to be a detailed explication of the authors schools academic honesty policy, nor a how to article when it comes to a schools developing and implementing academic honesty policies and procedures. Rather, as the word Reflections in the articles title indicates, this paper is based on the knowledge gained by the authors in their schools revision of its policy, their participation in the conference and the presentations therein, as well as the authors own experiences from teaching management, business law, and business ethics courses for many years. The authors hope that the issues they raise, the insights they obtained, and the recommendations and suggestions they make will be helpful to their colleagues in academia in establishing a culture of academic honesty and integrity at their schools.
Reassessing Standing in Hollingsworth v. Perry: The Shareholder Derivative Suit as a Model for Public Interest Litigation

On June 26, 2013, the United States Supreme Court handed down two controversial decisions on the issue of same-sex marriage. In one, United States v. Windsor, the Court struck down section 3 of the federal Defense of Marriage Act—which provided that same-sex couples could not be recognized as spouses for purposes of federal law—as a violation of the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause.1 In the other, Hollingsworth v. Perry, the Court refused to hear a constitutional challenge to California’s Proposition 8—which amended the state constitution to define marriage as between a man and a woman—holding that the Proponents of the proposition did not have standing to defend the law in federal court.2 Although it was the first of the two cases that the Court adjudicated on the merits, it ultimately will be the latter that will have the more remarkable implications for American governance. Regardless of one’s opinion of the practical short-term results for same-sex marriage in California, the long-term consequences of the Court’s ruling will almost certainly undermine the democratic nature of state governments across the country.
RECONSTITUTION OF THE Rr COMPOUND ALLELE IN MAIZE

The R(r):standard allele in maize, which conditions anthocyanin pigmentation in plant and seed tissues in the presence of appropriate complementary factors, is associated with a tandem duplication. The proximal member of the duplication carries P, the plant pigmenting determiner and the distal member member carries S, the seed pigmenting determiner. Derivatives from R(r) that have lost S function are designated r(r). They represent either losses of the distal member of the duplication (P derivatives) or mutations of S to s (P s). Derivatives that have lost P function are designated R(g), and represent either losses of the proximal member of the duplication (S derivatives) or mutations of P to p (p S).-All four possible types of r(r)/R(g) heterozygotes were tested for their capacity to yield R(r) reconstitution by crossing over. No R(r) derivatives were obtained from P/S heterozygotes, a result consistent with the view that P and S occupy corresponding positions in homologous chromosome segments. R(r) reconstitution was detected in both tandem duplication heterozygotes P s/S and P/p S, and was found to be about ten times more frequent in the latter. The ratio of R(r) reconstitution in the two heterozygotes is a function of position of the anthocyanin marker within the duplicated segment. The data from these heterozygotes allow one to measure the distance between P and S, that is to say, the genetic length of the duplicated segment. This distance was found to be 0.16 map units. The highest frequency of R(r) reconstitution was obtained from P s/p S heterozygotes, since direct pairing (see PDF) as well as the p//s type of displaced pairing have the potential to produce R(r) derivatives. One of the R(g) derivatives used in this study, R(g) (6), was found to back-mutate in some sublines to R(r). The basis for this instability remains unknown.
Institutional Change and Management of Public–Nonprofit Partnerships

This article focuses attention on the institutional context of cross-sector collaboration and its effects on partnership management. Drawing on fieldwork and 54 interviews from 2011 to 2013, we investigate an innovative public–nonprofit partnership within a local unit of the National Park Service. The collaboration demonstrates the power and potential of public–nonprofit partnerships while revealing tensions that cross-sector activities can provoke in an organizational field. We focus on two ongoing processes of institutional change in the nonprofit sector that shape these dynamics: (a) managerialism and (b) empowered agency. We illustrate these processes and suggest that they alter the context for partnerships in national parks, particularly with respect to capacity and control. We conclude by offering several propositions about institutional change and the broader implications of a shifting context for public–nonprofit partnerships.
Traumatic Lesions of the Ureter

The protected location of the ureter makes injury rather uncommon. Although the incidence of surgically induced injuries to the urinary tract is low, iatrogenic trauma is the leading cause of ureteral injuries (Table 2.1) (Brubacker and Wilbanks 1991; Dowling et al. 1986; Bright and Peters 1977). The majority of iatrogenic ureteral injuries occur during gynecologic surgery, with more than half occurring during simple hysterectomy for benign disease (Brubacker and Wilbanks 1991; Zinman et al. 1978). Urinary tract surgery is responsible for about 30% of the injuries; abdominal surgical procedures such as abdominal perineal resection, pelvic tumor surgery, lyses of adhesions, aortic bypass surgery, and orthopedic and neurosurgical procedures account for the remaining relatively small group of ureteral injuries. Penetrating and blunt trauma are responsible for a small number of ureteral injuries but pose major management problems because there are often associated injuries to other structures (Guerriero 1989).
An interface-fitted adaptive mesh method for elliptic problems and its application in free interface problems with surface tension

This work presents a novel two-dimensional interface-fitted adaptive mesh method to solve elliptic problems of jump conditions across the interface, and its application in free interface problems with surface tension. The interface-fitted mesh is achieved by two operations: (i) the projection of mesh nodes onto the interface and (ii) the insertion of mesh nodes right on the interface. The interface-fitting technique is combined with an existing adaptive mesh approach which uses addition/subtraction and displacement of mesh nodes. We develop a simple piecewise linear finite element method built on this interface-fitted mesh and prove its almost optimal convergence for elliptic problems with jump conditions across the interface. Applications to two free interface problems, a sheared drop in Stokes flow and the growth of a solid tumor, are presented. In these applications, the interface surface tension serves as the jump condition or the Dirichlet boundary condition of the pressure, and the pressure is solved with the interface-fitted finite element method developed in this work. In this study, a level-set function is used to capture the evolution of the interface and provide the interface location for the interface fitting.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma following treatment for Hodgkin's disease. Case report and review of the literature.

A patient in whom an undifferentiated non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma developed after treatment for Hodgkin’s disease is described. The second tumor occurred eight years after the initial diagnosis, two years after the completion of combined radiation therapy and combination chemotherapy. The pertinent literature is reviewed, with an emphasis on the potential risk of multimodal antineoplastic treatment’s causing secondary neoplasms.
I'll Have Fries with That: Increasing Choice Complexity Promotes Indulgent Food Choices

Three studies showed that the way that options are presented in a choice set—as combinations of intersecting attributes or in a more sequential “a la carte” choice format—affects the degree to which consumers adhere to their goals in the consumption setting. Specifically, using the context of food consumption and healthy eating, results showed that consumers were more likely to make double indulgent choices, the choice of both an indulgent entree and an indulgent side item, when choosing from a menu consisting of predetermined “combination meals” than when selecting among the same entree and side options in an a la carte fashion. Studies 2 and 3 implicated a goal distraction mechanism in driving the effect; the combination format, with its cross-cutting of product choices into various combinations, reduces the salience of goal-related constructs on implicit measures. In showing that different product presentation formats can affect the degree to which consumers make goal-consistent choices, the current work adds to work on the effects of environmental influences on goal progress and goal achievement. Implications for encouraging goal-consistent behavior in the context of healthy eating as well as other important consumer goal contexts are discussed.
Ingeneue: A Software Tool to Simulate and Explore Genetic Regulatory Networks

Here I describe how to use Ingeneue, a software tool for constructing, simulating, and exploring models of gene regulatory networks. Ingeneue is an open source, extensible Java application that allows users to rapidly build ordinary differential equation models of a gene regulatory network without requiring extensive programming or mathematical skills. Models can be in a single cell or 2D sheet of cells, and Ingeneue is well suited for simulating both oscillatory and pattern forming networks. Ingeneue provides features to allow rapid model construction and debugging, sophisticated visualization and statistical tools for model exploration, and a powerful framework for searching parameter space for desired behavior. This chapter provides an overview of the mathematical theory and operation of Ingeneue, and detailed walkthroughs demonstrating how to use the main features and how to construct networks in Ingeneue.
Atmospheric Pressure Ammonia Synthesis Using Non-thermal Plasma Assisted Catalysis

This paper described a novel and green approach on catalytic ammonia synthesis using non-thermal plasma (NTP). The process studied in this paper involves the synthesis and absorption of ammonia under atmospheric pressure and low temperature. The effects of operational parameters including applied voltage, frequency, gas component and flow rate on ammonia synthesis under NTP conditions are studied in this paper. In addition, different selected catalysts and absorbents were investigated under different conditions of NTP treatment and the ammonia efficiency was reported and analyzed. Ru catalyst with carbon nanotube support, along with Cs promoter and micro porous absorbents including Molecular Sieve 13X and Amberlyst 15 yield the highest ammonia efficiency in this process. Results further indicated that frequency and applied voltage of 10,000 Hz and 6000 V, with N2:H2 feed ratio of 3:1 provided the optimized efficiency of ammonia synthesis of 2.3 gNH3/kWh.
Anatomy of Authoritarianism in the Arab Republics

By examining the system of authoritarianism in eight Arab republics, Joseph Sassoon portrays life under these regimes and explores the mechanisms underpinning their resilience. How did the leadership in these countries create such enduring systems? What was the economic system that prolonged the regimes' longevity, but simultaneously led to their collapse? Why did these seemingly stable regimes begin to falter? This book seeks to answer these questions by utilizing the Iraqi archives and memoirs of those who were embedded in these republics: political leaders, ministers, generals, security agency chiefs, party members, and business people. Taking a thematic approach, the book begins in 1952 with the Egyptian Revolution and ends with the Arab uprisings of 2011. It seeks to deepen our understanding of the authoritarianism and coercive systems that prevailed in these countries and the difficult process of transition from authoritarianism that began after 2011.
Learning to Use Systemic Functional Linguistics to Teach Literary Analysis: Views on the Effectiveness of a Short Professional Development Workshop

Learning to analyze literature involves developing an ability to identify important aspects of a text and learning where to find evidence of that importance. Systemic functional grammar (SFG) is a theory of language that connects linguistic form to the meaning being constructed; thus, it offers a useful foundation for analyzing literature. This chapter describes a two-hour professional development workshop carried out to introduce English language arts (ELA) teachers to SFG and show them ways to help their ELLs develop an ability to carry out systematic, language-based literary analyses that connect with research across the curriculum, thus addressing Common Core Standards. Teachers’ views regarding the workshop and the usefulness of this approach are discussed, using data collected during the workshop and subsequent focus group interviews.
Novel microwave synthesis of half-sandwich [(η6-C6H6)Ru] complexes and an evaluation of the biological activity and biochemical reactivity

We have used a novel microwave-assisted method to synthesize a pair of half-sandwich ruthenium–arene–thiosemicarbazone complexes of the type [(η6-C6H6Ru(TSC)Cl]PF6. The thiosemicarbazone (TSC) ligands are 2-(anthracen-9-ylmethylene)hydrazinecarbothioamide and 2-(anthracen-9-ylmethylene)-N-ethylhydrazinecarbothioamide derived from 9-anthraldehyde. The complexes are moderately strong binders of DNA, with binding constants of 104 m−1. They are also strong binders of human serum albumin, having binding constants of the order of 105 m−1. The complexes show some in vitro anticancer activity against human colon cancer cells, Caco-2 and HCT-116, with positive therapeutic indices. They did not show any activity as antibacterial agents against the organisms that were studied. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.