cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Safe and Secure Integration of Mobile Computers to Critical Space-based Computing Networks

The Exploration Portable Interface Computer (EPIC) is an instantiation of a concept to provide a safe and secure generic plug-and-play data processing interface to integrate off-the-shelf portable devices into critical spaceflight computing networks. This approach allows EPIC-equipped systems to respond quickly to realtime operational needs in a space exploration environment without requiring extensive changes to the flight critical system core, and without taxing the critical system’s resources.
Ultrawide-band microwave space-time beamforming for hyperthermia treatment of breast cancer: a computational feasibility study

A new noninvasive ultrawide-band (UWB) microwave method for hyperthermia treatment of breast cancer is proposed. A train of UWB pulses are passed through a space-time beamformer and transmitted simultaneously from multiple antennas into the breast. The filters in the space-time beamformer are designed to compensate for dispersive propagation through breast tissue so that the pulses from each antenna add coherently at the treatment location and add incoherently elsewhere. Thus, the transmitted microwave energy is tightly focused at the treatment location to produce localized heating. The effectiveness of this procedure is shown by calculating the power density deposited in the breast using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) electromagnetic simulations of realistic numerical breast phantoms derived from magnetic resonance images of patients. Both supine and prone patient configurations are considered. The robustness of our approach to variations in breast density and heterogeneity is demonstrated. We also present examples of temperature distributions calculated using the FDTD method applied to a simple thermal model for the breast phantoms. The results illustrate that, within the confines of this model, our UWB approach achieves sufficiently elevated temperatures in the vicinity of small tumors while maintaining safe temperatures throughout the remainder of the breast. The promising outcome of this feasibility study suggests that further development of this technique should be pursued.
Weyl's Quadtree Algorithm for the Unsymmetric Eigenvalue Problem

Abstract Wyel's quadtree algorithm was proposed in 1924 for approximating polynomial zeros. We extend it to the unsymmetric eigenvalue problem; the extension relies on the heuristic proximity test based on the known correlation between the reciprocal of the norm of matrix inverse and the distance from the matrix to the closest singular matrix.
Self-assembly by ligand disassembly?—formation of an unusual dodecanuclear [Co(II)6Co(III)6] cluster

A sterically encumbered ‘tritopic’ picolinic-dihydrazone ligand reacts with cobalt(II) nitrate in air to give a dodecanuclear [Co(II)6Co(III)6] cluster, in which six ligands are hydrolyzed to mono-carboxylate analogues.
MODIFIED INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SALAMANDER LIFE STAGES CAUSED BY WILDFIRE-INDUCED SEDIMENTATION

A 1993 wildfire and subsequent landslides modified many streams in the Santa Monica Mountains of southern California (USA). Prior to the fire at Cold Creek Canyon, adult California newts (Taricha torosa) frequently preyed on conspecific eggs and larvae. Post-fire landslides increased the number of stream pools containing terrestrial earthworms. Earthworms were more common in adult newt diets after the fire, and conspecifics were absent. More earthworms and fewer conspecifics were present in the stomachs of adult newts in streams at burned sites than at unburned sites. In laboratory experiments, newt larvae used refuges significantly less in the presence of combined chemical cues from both newt adults and earthworms as compared to adult-newt cues alone. These data suggest that cannibalism is reduced in the presence of increased alternative prey items and that larvae can detect this reduced predation risk.
Normal brain tissue response to photodynamic therapy: histology, vascular permeability and specific gravity.

The response of photodynamic therapy on normal brain was investigated in 140 Fisher rats. The rats were injected i.p. with Photofrin II (12.5 mg/kg) and 48 h later the dural area over the frontal cortex was photoactivated with red light (630 +/- 1 nm) from an argon dye laser. Treatment was performed with optical energy densities of 140 and 70 J/cm2. Histopathology, vascular permeability and specific gravity measurements were conducted on different populations of rats at 4 h, 24 h, 72 h and 1 week after photodynamic therapy (PDT). Histopathology revealed similar gross and microscopic pathology associated with light energies of 70 and 140 J/cm2 after all time points. A large cerebral infarct approximately the size of the brain surface area treated, evolved 24 h following treatment. Evans blue extravasation indicated a small area of vascular permeability evident as early as 4 h following PDT treatment at both energy levels, with increasing permeability evident at later time points. Specific gravity measurements taken on a representative area of the lesion indicated a significant (P less than 0.01) amount of edema present at 24 h post treatment with a gradual reduction approaching control values over the time period of 1 week. The data indicate a significant amount of damage to normal brain from low PDT treatment doses.
Reversible Inhibition of Fusion Activity of a Paramyxovirus Fusion Protein by an Engineered Disulfide Bond in the Membrane-Proximal External Region

Cysteines were introduced into the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of the paramyxovirus F protein. A disulfide bond formed, and the mutant protein was expressed at the cell surface but was fusion inactive. Reduction of the disulfide bond restored fusion activity. The data indicate that in addition to dissociation of the three-helix bundle stalk domain of prefusion F, the MPER region also needs to separate for F to be able to refold and cause fusion.
Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide Regulates Arterial Elasticity in Human Arteries In Vivo

Arterial elasticity is determined by structural characteristics of the artery wall and by vascular smooth muscle tone. The identity of endogenous vasoactive substances that regulate elasticity has not been defined in humans. We hypothesized that NO, a vasodilator released constitutively by the endothelium, augments arterial elasticity. Seven healthy young men were studied. A 20-MHz intravascular ultrasound catheter was introduced through an arterial sheath to measure brachial artery cross-sectional area, wall thickness, and intra-arterial pressure. After control was established, indices of elasticity (pressure-area relationship, instantaneous compliance, and stress-strain, pressure-incremental elastic modulus (Einc), and pressure-pulse wave velocity relationships) were examined over 0 to 100 mm Hg transmural pressure obtained by inflation of an external cuff. Thereafter, the basal production of endothelium-derived NO was inhibited by N G -monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) (4 and 8 mg/min). Finally, nitroglycerin (2.5 and 12.5 g/min), an exogenous donor of NO, was given to relax the vascular smooth muscle. Elasticity was measured under all of these conditions. L-NMMA (8 mg/min) decreased brachial artery area (P0.016) and compliance (P0.0001) and increased Einc (P0.01) and pulse wave velocity (P0.0001). Nitroglycerin (12.5 g/min) increased brachial artery area (P0.001) and compliance (P0.001) and decreased pulse wave velocity (P0.02). NO, an endothelium-derived vasodilator, augments arterial elasticity in the human brachial artery. Loss of constitutively released NO associated with cardiovascular risk factors may adversely affect arterial elasticity in humans. (Hypertension. 2001;38:1049-1053.)
The Escalation of Commitment To a Course of Action

There are many instances in which individuals can become locked into a costly course of action. Because it is often possible for persons who have suffered a setback to recoup their losses through an even greater commitment of resources to the same course of action, a cycle of escalating commitment can be produced. In this paper, I review recent research on the escalation of commitment and try to integrate its complex and often conflicting determinants.
Predicting High Imaging Utilization Based on Initial Radiology Reports: A Feasibility Study of Machine Learning.

Rationale and Objectives Imaging utilization has significantly increased over the last two decades, and is only recently showing signs of moderating. To help healthcare providers identify patients at risk for high imaging utilization, we developed a prediction model to recognize high imaging utilizers based on their initial imaging reports. Materials and Methods The prediction model uses a machine learning text classification framework. In this study, we used radiology reports from 18,384 patients with at least one abdomen computed tomography study in their imaging record at Stanford Health Care as the training set. We modeled the radiology reports in a vector space and trained a support vector machine classifier for this prediction task. We evaluated our model on a separate test set of 4791 patients. In addition to high prediction accuracy, in our method, we aimed at achieving high specificity to identify patients at high risk for high imaging utilization. Results Our results (accuracy: 94.0%, sensitivity: 74.4%, specificity: 97.9%, positive predictive value: 87.3%, negative predictive value: 95.1%) show that a prediction model can enable healthcare providers to identify in advance patients who are likely to be high utilizers of imaging services. Conclusions Machine learning classifiers developed from narrative radiology reports are feasible methods to predict imaging utilization. Such systems can be used to identify high utilizers, inform future image ordering behavior, and encourage judicious use of imaging.
T. John's Court: A Reminiscence in the Form of a Book Review

Publication of a history of the Court of Appeals of Michigan provided the author of this book review, the court's first Research Director, with an opportunity to recall the controversy that surrounded the court's innovative use of a centralized research staff in the early 1970's.
Institutional Evolution, Forest Conservation, and Rapid Change in Rural Honduras

Research increasingly suggests that effective institutional arrangements constitute a critical component for environmental conservation and development efforts, but many questions remain as to how institutions form and evolve, particularly in contexts of rapid change. This study examines the evolution of institutional arrangements for forest conservation in a rural municipality of western Honduras during a period of dramatic social and economic transformation. In recent years, the municipality has experienced expansion of export coffee production, infrastructural improvements, and increasing ties to national and international markets. The municipality has created a cloud forest reserve and gained national recognition for forest conservation. The analysis examines the transformation of traditional institutions, the emergence of new ones, and factors that influence apparent successes, failures, and ongoing challenges. Building on recent scholarship on institutional diversity and complex social-ecological systems, the discussion considers the implications of ongoing transformations for local forests, land-use and land-cover change, and vulnerability (as well as adaptation) to rapid change.
100 GHz Double Heterostructure GaInAs/InP p-i-n Photodiode

We report double heterostructure GaInAs/InP p-i-n photodiodes with pulsewidths as short as 3.0 ps, bandwidths exceeding 100 GHz, and external quantum efficiency of 50%.
Deformation factor: an extracellular protein synthesized by Bartonella bacilliformis that deforms erythrocyte membranes.

Abstract Bartonella bacilliformis, a hemotropic bacterium and the causative agent of the human disease bartonellosis, when incubated in a tryptone-based medium produces an extracellular factor, termed deformation factor (DF), which induces extensive indentations and trenches in trypsinized erythrocyte membranes. The factor is stable during storage at 4 degrees C. It can be inactivated by proteases or brief heating to 70 to 80 degrees C, can be precipitated by ammonium sulfate, is nondialyzable, and is retained by membranes with a 30,000-molecular-weight cutoff. These properties suggest that DF is probably a protein. Incubation of erythrocytes with phospholipase D renders them resistant to deformation by DF.
Predicting the length of jury deliberations

AbstractJuries represent a critical part of the criminal justice process, often entrusted to reach guilt/innocence verdicts and also asked to decide between punishment options. Unfortunately, there has been little empirical criminological research examining the variation in the length of jury deliberations and the factors that may be related to this length. This exploratory study uses data from 144 federal criminal trials in the Eastern District of Texas over a six-year period in order to examine the length of these deliberations as well as some of the legal characteristics that may be associated with deliberation length, including the number and complexity of the charges, trial length, the time between offense and indictment, and whether defense counsel was retained or appointed. Results indicate that lengthy trials, those involving a higher number of counts, and cases where there is a long length of time between offense and indictment are related to longer deliberation times while economic crimes are re...
Mode of Parasitism and Host Range of Piptocephalis Virginiana

(1957). Mode of Parasitism and Host Range of Piptocephalis Virginiana. Mycologia: Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 374-386.
Serological Survey of Effect of Measles-containing Vaccine Supplementary Immunization Activity in Shanghai,2010

Objective To investigate the impact on population measles sero-positivity after a measles Supplementary Immunization Activity( SIA) in Shanghai,2010.Methods Subjects were selected using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method in 2010.For each tested subject,3 blood samples were collected: at the time of pre-SIA,1 month post-SIA,and 1 year post-SIA.Measles immunoglobulin( Ig)G was tested.Results 453,405,and 186 blood samples were collected at the time of pre-SIA,1 month post-SIA and 1 year post-SIA,respectively.Before the SIA,the antibody positive rate was 98.23% and the geometric mean concentration( GMC) was 1,818.44 mIU /ml.One month after the SIA,the positive conversion rate( 200 mIU /ml) was 100.00%,and the GMC was 4,639.85 mIU /ml.One year after the SIA,the positive conversion rate was 96.24%,and the GMC was 1,517.49 mIU /ml.Logistic regression analysis showed that the longer the interval from the latest MCV vaccination,the greater of proportion of cases with antibody higher than pre-SIA levels.Conclusions The antibody concentration prominently increased after 1 month of SIA,but it decreased to almost the same level as pre-SIA 1 year after SIA.
Integrated Design of Budget,Business,Finance and Its Application to Electric Power Enterprises

Integrating with budget,business and finance is the key content and development direction of modern enterprise management.The existing ERP systems help electric power enterprises to uniform manage data,accounting caliber and process the most,strengthen internal control and promote intensive management level.Based on the main business scenes of the financial management,this paper analyzes the process of integrating budget with finance and business logic,puts forward improvement measures and summarizes application effects in order to provide a reference for similar enterprise informatization constructions.
Reliability and Validity of Nonradiologic Measures of Forward Flexed Posture in Parkinson Disease.

Abstract Objective To examine the intertester reliability and validity of 5 nonradiologic measures of forward flexed posture in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). Design Cross-sectional observational study. Setting University outpatient facility and community centers. Participants Individuals (N=28) with PD with Hoehn and Yahr scores of 1 through 4. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Occiput to wall status, tragus to wall distance, C7 to wall distance, photographically derived trunk flexion angle, and inclinometric kyphosis measure. Results Participants were older adults (mean, 69.7±10.6y) with a 14-month to 15-year (mean, 5.9±3.5y) history of PD. Intertester reliability was excellent for all measures (κ=.89 [cued condition] and 1.0 [relaxed condition] for occiput to wall status; intraclass correlation coefficients, .779–.897 for tragus to wall distance, C7 to wall distance, flexion angle, and inclinometric kyphosis measure). Convergent validity was supported for all measures by significant correlations between the same measures obtained during relaxed and cued conditions (eg, occiput to wall relaxed and cued) and for most measures by significant correlations between measures obtained under the same condition (eg, occiput to wall cued and tragus to wall cued). Significant correlations between tragus to wall distance, C7 to wall distance, flexion angle, and inclinometric kyphosis measure and the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale item 28 (posture) also supported convergent validity. Significant differences between tragus to wall distance, C7 to wall distance, and inclinometric kyphosis measure values under relaxed and cued conditions supported known condition validity. Known group validity was demonstrated by significant differences in tragus to wall distance, C7 to wall distance, and inclinometric kyphosis measure obtained from individuals able and individuals unable to touch their occiput to wall when cued to stand tall. Conclusions Tragus to wall distance, C7 to wall distance, and inclinometric kyphosis measure are reliable and valid nonradiologic measures of forward flexed posture in PD.
Software design for simulation driven optimization

This thesis describes a flexible framework for abstract numerical algorithms which treats algorithms as objects and makes them reusable, composable, and modifiable. These algorithm objects are implemented using the Rice Vector Library (RVL) interface, decoupling the algorithmic code from the details of linear algebra and calculus in Hilbert Space. I made many improvements to the RVL design, including abstract return types for reductions. These improvements allowed me to demonstrate the breadth of this design by incorporating semantically similar objects from other packages which had significant syntatic differences to the RVL objects. By adapting other libraries, I gain access to a variety of tools, including parallel linear algebra implementations. The benefits of the algorithm framework can be seen when abstract numerical algorithms are coupled with parallel simulators without needing to modify either the algorithm or the simulator.
The Kanemaru Legacy

Though resigning from the Diet in 1992, Kanemaru formally retired only in December 1994 when he turned 80 years old. The international media carried lengthy obituaries after Kanemaru’s death on March 28, 1996. Formal court documents revealed that Kanemaru died as he was born: a very rich man, worth a minimum of $45 million. Media polls in the late 1980s and early 1990s revealed that Japan’s citizens desired systemic changes in politics (direct election of the Prime Minister, eliminating money from the electoral process), but what they received in 1994 was a rejiggered single-seat constituency system called “the Hosokawa reforms.” Japan needs a consistent, large-scale mass movement to pressure the political system to change, become more democratic and accountable to its citizens, and avoid the reappearance of “Kanemaru politics.”
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Enterography in Crohn's Disease: Assessment of Radiologic Criteria and Endpoints for Clinical Practice and Trials

Early recognition of Crohn's disease with initiation of disease-modifying therapy has emerged as a prominent inflammatory bowel disease management strategy. Clinical practice and trials have often focused on patient symptoms, and more recently, serologic tests, stool inflammatory markers, and/or endoscopic inflammatory features for study entry criteria, treatment targets, disease activity monitoring, and to assess therapeutic response. Unfortunately, patient symptoms do not correlate well with biological disease activity, and endoscopy potentially misses or underestimates disease extent and severity in small bowel Crohn's disease. Computed tomography enterography and magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) are potential tools to identify and quantify transmural structural damage and disease activity in the small bowel. In this review, we discuss the role of computed tomography enterography and MRE in disease management algorithms in clinical practice. We also compare the currently developed MRE-based scoring systems, their strengths and pitfalls, as well as the role for MRE in clinical trials for Crohn's disease.
Managing the “Dirty Work” of Illegality:

Drawing on in-depth interviews with 45 Latinos living in a small city the author calls Sycamore City, the author examines the discourses and practices through which Mexican migrants and Puerto Ricans deal with the “dirty work” of illegality. The focus is on the “physical dirty work” performed by undocumented workers and “social dirty work” performed by workers on the margins of citizenship. This research shows that “physical dirty work” and “social dirty work” overlap when a new class of worker enters the labor market. As such, the author documents the dirty work undocumented workers perform and the ethnoracial distinctions used to gain self-worth while performing physical dirty work. In addition, this article shows that as citizens, Puerto Rican professionals offer discreet assistance when they encounter undocumented migrants. In providing assistance, these professionals diminish citizen-migrant distinctions.
Clinical Activity of Alectinib in Advanced RET-Rearranged Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Abstract Introduction Chromosomal rearrangements involving rearranged during transfection gene ( RET ) occur in 1% to 2% of NSCLCs and may confer sensitivity to rearranged during transfection (RET) inhibitors. Alectinib is an anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that also has anti-RET activity in vitro. The clinical activity of alectinib in patients with RET -rearranged NSCLC has not yet been reported. Methods We have described four patients with advanced RET -rearranged NSCLC who were treated with alectinib (600 mg twice daily [n = 3] or 900 mg twice daily [n = 1]) as part of single-patient compassionate use protocols or off-label use of the commercially available drug. Results Four patients with metastatic RET -rearranged NSCLC were identified. Three of the four had received prior RET TKIs, including cabozantinib and experimental RET inhibitors. In total, we observed two (50%) objective radiographic responses after treatment with alectinib (one confirmed and one unconfirmed), with durations of therapy of 6 months and more than 5 months (treatment ongoing), respectively. Notably, one of these two patients had his dose of alectinib escalated to 900 mg twice daily and had clinical improvement in central nervous system metastases. In addition, one patient (25%) experienced a best response of stable disease lasting approximately 6 weeks (the drug discontinued for toxicity). A fourth patient who was RET TKI–naive had primary progression while receiving alectinib. Conclusions Alectinib demonstrated preliminary antitumor activity in patients with advanced RET -rearranged NSCLC, most of whom had received prior RET inhibitors. Larger prospective studies with longer follow-up are needed to assess the efficacy of alectinib in RET -rearranged NSCLC and other RET -driven malignancies. In parallel, development of more selective, potent RET TKIs is warranted.
Immediate breast reconstruction following mastectomy in pregnant women with breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Surgical management of breast cancer in pregnancy (BCP) requires balancing benefits of therapy with potential risks to the developing fetus. Minimal data describe outcomes after mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction (IR) in pregnant patients. METHODS Retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent IR after mastectomy within a BCP cohort. Parameters included intra- and post-operative complications, short-term maternal/fetal outcomes, surgery duration, and delayed reconstruction in non-IR cohort. RESULTS Of 82 patients with BCP, 29 (35%) had mastectomy during pregnancy: 10 (34%) had IR, 19(66%) did not. All IR utilized tissue expander (TE) placement. Mean gestational age (GA) at IR was 16.2 weeks. Mean surgery duration was 198 min with IR versus 157 min without IR. Those with IR delivered at, or close to, term infants of normal birthweight. No fetal or major obstetrical complications were seen. Post-mastectomy radiation (PMRT) was provided after pregnancy in 2 (20%) patients in the IR cohort and 12 (63%) in the non-IR cohort. All patients in the IR cohort successfully transitioned to permanent implant. CONCLUSIONS This report represents one of the largest series describing IR during BCP. IR after mastectomy increased surgery duration, but was not associated with adverse obstetrical or fetal outcomes. IR with TE may preserve reconstructive options when PMRT is indicated. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:140-143. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Which Information Matters? Using Policy Capturing to Understand Civil Competency Decisions

ABSTRACTCivil competency, typically defined as one’s ability to manage one’s affairs, is an underresearched legal construct that impacts individuals, families, and communities. The legal decisions related to civil competency are designed to balance individual autonomy and safety; however, this decision-making process is not well understood. Policy capturing, an advanced methodological and statistical tool developed to uncover empirically derived decision-making policies, was utilized to assess civil competency decision making in legal contexts. Twenty-one legal professionals and 33 community-dwelling adults rated vignettes to determine civil competency. The recommendation of the psychologist in the vignette emerged as the most influential factor for participant decision making. Other significant factors included a summary of available medical records and collateral family testimony. Awareness of decision-making policies was also assessed; participants were moderately aware of their own decision making. Ho...
Resilient Privacy Preservation Scheme to Detect Sybil Attacks in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Objective: Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) have the potential to improve road safety dramatically, regulate traffic, management of parking lots and public areas. Security and Privacy are two significant concerns in VANETs, as a malicious vehicle may deliberately deceive other vehicles in the network. Analysis: Disastrously, several privacy-preserving methods are susceptible to Sybil attacks, whereby a malicious vehicle impersonates as multiple benign vehicles for gaining a disproportionately large influence. Conventional pseudonym generation schemes preserve driver’s privacy and also facilitate identifying the Sybil attacker. However, the pseudonym scheme induces a brand new issue where in a smart attacker may compromise semi-trusted RSUs and launch a Sybil attack in a particular area. Findings: This paper proposes a System for detecting misbehavior vehicles with location Privacy (SYBIL-CAP), consisting TcA - Preserving Location Privacy (TAP-LOOP), and Resilience to RSU compromise (RESUME) for identifying Sybil attacker. SYBIL-CAP provides a temporarily authorized certificate that includes the trusted certificate and secret key trajectories to vehicles to recognize compromised RSU without requiring the unique identity of vehicles. More precisely, in TAP-LOOP, a vehicle approaches a TCA to receive a location-hidden trusted certificate via RSU to conceal its sensitive information at all times. RESUME implements Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange (DHKE) algorithm between two adjacent RSUs to generate a shared secret key, appended in the temporarily authorized certificate. A vehicle identifies the compromised RSU and malicious vehicle by verifying the authorized message at a group of three consecutive RSUs. Improvement: The simulation results depict that the SYBIL-CAP largely restricts Sybil attack by detecting compromised RSU with lower overhead, compared to existing P2DAP.
Exploring HIV Risk and Ex-Offender Status Among African American Church Populations: Considerations for Faith-Based Settings:

Studies with the general population indicate that involvement in the correctional system is strongly associated with the risk of contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. However, ...
Inequalities related to trace and determinant of positive semidefinite block matrices

Abstract In this paper, we present inequalities related to trace and determinant of positive semidefinite matrices. We introduce partial determinants corresponding to partial traces and improve the inequalities shown by Fiedler and Markham [1] and Lin [3] . We also provide additional inequalities related to the partial determinants.
Sexual orientation differences in functional limitations, disability, and mental health services use: Results from the 2013-2014 National Health Interview Survey.

Objectives The authors investigated sexual orientation differences in risk for mental health morbidity, functional limitations/disability, and mental health services use among adults interviewed in the nationally representative 2013-2014 National Health Interview Survey. Method Respondents were 68,816 adults (67,152 heterosexual and 1,664 lesbian, gay, and bisexual [LGB] individuals), age 18 and older. Fully structured interviews assessed sexual orientation identity, health status, and services use. Using sex-stratified analyses while adjusting for demographic confounding, the authors compared LGB and heterosexual individuals for evidence of mental health-related impairments and use of mental health services. Results LGB adults, as compared to heterosexual adults, demonstrated higher prevalence of mental health morbidity and functional limitations. However, this varied by gender with LGB women evidencing elevated risk for both mental health and substance abuse (MHSA) and non-MHSA limitations. Among men, sexual orientation differences clustered among MHSA-related limitations. Overall, LGB adults were more likely than heterosexual adults to use services, with the source of functional limitations moderating these effects among men. Conclusion MHSA-related morbidity is a significant concern among LGB individuals and is associated with higher levels of functional limitations/disability. The findings highlight that LGB persons use MHSA-related treatment at higher rates than heterosexuals do, and, among men, are more likely to do so absent MHSA or non-MHSA-related functional limitations. This presents a unique set of concerns within the integrated care setting, including the need to deliver culturally competent care sensitive to the context of probable sex differences among LGB individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record
Sacrococcygeal teratoma: late recurrence warrants long-term surveillance

Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a rare childhood malignancy. Although overall survival is favorable, recurrent tumors are associated with poor outcomes. As most recurrences occur within 3 years of presentation, the utility of long-term surveillance is uncertain. Patients with SCTs evaluated and managed by our pediatric surgery department between 1986 and 2013 were included. Details pertaining to laboratory values, operative findings, tumor histology, management, recurrence, and outcomes were recorded and analyzed. During the study period, 40 children with the diagnosis of SCT were managed by our practice. Five (13%) developed a recurrence. The median age at the initial resection was day of life two (range day of life 0–2.5 years). The median time to recurrence was 5 years (range 5 months–15 years). Among those with recurrences, mature teratoma was the most common histological type on the initial resection (n = 3), with yolk sac and immature teratomas comprising the other two. At the time of recurrence, three patients had mature teratomas, and all are alive and well following resection. Two patients had yolk sac tumors at the time of recurrence and both died. SCT can recur many years after the initial resection. Our findings suggest that all patients with SCT should be closely followed into adulthood.
Effect of various levels of dietary starch on glycogen replenishment in the light working horse

ABSTRACT Nine Quarter Horses were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square with replication to determine the effect of various levels of dietary starch on glycogen replenishment in the light working horse. Horses were fed Coastal bermudagrass hay at 1% BW/d with remaining calories met by a high (HS), medium (MDS), or low starch (LS) concentrate. Horses were transitioned to 1 of 3 diets over 7 d for a 14-d treatment period where they were then worked to fatigue in a standardized exercise test. Total diets provided an average of 1,206.67, 844.61, and 263.13 g of starch/d in HS, MDS, and LS, respectively. Horses were lightly exercised for 30 min 3 d/wk. Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken from the biceps femoris at rest, immediately after the standardized exercise test, and 24 and 48 h after exercise. Venous blood samples were taken at rest, immediately after exercise, 10 min after recovery, and 24 h after exercise. There was a greater resting muscle glycogen concentration (P = 0.009) when comparing HS with MDS (10.25 vs. 8.28 μg/mg wet weight). There was a greater concentration of glycogen 24 h after exercise (P = 0.04) when comparing LS with HS (9.52 vs. 7.68 μg/mg wet weight). High starch used more glycogen than MDS or LS. A slight reduction in glycogen after exercise for MDS and LS indicated that fat or protein may have been used as substrate for exercise. Results indicated that feeding 1,206.67 g of starch/d did not yield an advantage in recovery time over a MDS or LS diet.
Multiple psychosocial health problems and sexual risk among African American females in juvenile detention: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Objectives African American girls in juvenile detention are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and other psychosocial health problems, yet few studies have examined associations between experiencing multiple psychosocial health problems and sexual risk behaviors and STD diagnosis. Method The study included 188 detained African American girls aged 13–17 years. We conducted three sets of logistic regressions. First, bivariate analyses assessed associations among seven psychosocial factors (substance use disorder; depression; post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]; emotional abuse; pregnancy coercion; physical abuse; and sexual abuse) and four outcomes (early sexual initiation; condomless sex; multiple sexual partners; self-reported STD) to examine their interrelationships. Second, we examined associations between experiencing multiple psychosocial factors and outcomes. Third, psychosocial factors were categorized into four domains: substance use disorder; mental health (depression, PTSD); psychological abuse (emotional abuse, pregnancy coercion); and violence (physical abuse, sexual abuse) and included as independent associations with each outcome to assess their relative importance. Results Multiple interrelationships among psychosocial factors and outcomes were identified. An increase of one psychosocial health problem was associated with an 18% to 27% increased odds of sexual risk behaviors or a previous STD diagnosis. Reporting violence was associated with increased odds of having multiple partners (odds ratio = 3.31; confidence interval = 1.57–6.97), and experiencing psychological abuse was associated with increased odds of reporting an STD diagnosis (odds ratio = 3.95; confidence interval = 1.62–9.63). Conclusion Multiple psychosocial health problems, particularly psychological abuse and violence, are associated with sexual risk and STDs in this vulnerable population.
Low-Velocity Impact Behavior of Sandwich Structures with Additively Manufactured Polymer Lattice Cores

Sandwich panel structures are widely used in aerospace, marine, and automotive applications because of their high flexural stiffness, strength-to-weight ratio, good vibration damping, and low through-thickness thermal conductivity. These structures consist of solid face sheets and low-density cellular core structures, which are traditionally based upon honeycomb folded-sheet topologies. The recent advances in additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing process allow lattice core configurations to be designed with improved mechanical properties. In this work, the sandwich core is comprised of lattice truss structures (LTS). Two different LTS designs are 3D-printed using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and are tested under low-velocity impact loads. The absorption energy and the failure mechanisms of lattice cells under such loads are investigated. The differences in energy-absorption capabilities are captured by integrating the load–displacement curve found from the impact response. It is observed that selective placement of vertical support struts in the unit-cell results in an increase in the absorption energy of the sandwich panels.
Purification and properties of α-actinin from rabbit skeletal muscle

Abstract The 6-S α-actinin species can be purified from a P 15–25 α actinin fraction by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The resulting P 15–25 (DEAE) fraction is eluted as a single peak upon rechromatography on 4% agarose or DEAE-cellulose columns, although the rechromatography on DEAE-cellulose removes a very small amount of aggregates from the P 15–25 (DEAE) fraction. Sedimentation diagrams of the P 15–25 (DEAE) fraction show that approx. 85% of the protein in this fraction sediments with an s ° 20, w = 6.23 and about 10–15% sediments with an observed s value of 9.1. The 9.1-S component may be an aggregate of the 6.2-S species. The P 15–25 (DEAE) fraction exhibits 2–3-fold higher specific activity in the turbidity assay of α-actinin activity than the original P 15–25 fraction. Amino acid composition of the P 15–25 (DEAE) fraction is clearly different from the amino acid composition of actin, demonstrating that α-actinin is a separate protein component of the myofibril and is not simply an unusual form of denatured actin. These results also show that the 6-Sα actinin species does not exhibit marked aggregating tendencies and that the large aggregates prevalent in earlier α-actinin preparations were probably due to the presence of denatured actin in these preparations. By using purified α-actinin, it was shown that the stoichiometry of the α-actinin-F-actin interaction is 0.41 parts of P 15–25 (DEAE) to 1 part of F-actin. This corresponds to a molecular ratio of one α-actinin to ten G-actin monomers. Tropomyosin and α-actinin compete for the same or closely located binding sites on actin, but at 0°, α-actinin appears able to displace tropomyosin from F-actin. The presence of α-actinin was demonstrated in low-ionic-strength extracts of glycerinated fiber bundles of rabbit psoas muscle; this extraction causes removal of both Z-lines and M-lines. Incubation of Z-line-extracted fibrils with the P 15–25 α-actinin fraction caused moderate reconstitution of Z-lines in these fibrils. Since the Z-line constitutes about 6% of the dry mass of the myofibril, but α-actinin makes up only about 1% of the myofibrillar protein, the Z-line is probably composed of substances in addition to α-actinin.
Variation in Child Language

This article surveys some of the work in child language variation within the context of an historical perspective. An additional focus is on the possible contribution child language variation may make to language variation studies as a whole. For example, the concept of variable speaker, variable language, necessary to child variation when both developmental and dialectal variation are being examined, may be useful in a situation in which increased mobility throws the assumption of stability in the adult speaker into question.
Did they login?: Patterns of Anonymous Contributions in Online Communities

Researchers studying user behaviors in online communities often conduct analyses of user interaction data recorded in system logs e.g., an edit in Wikipedia. Such analysis relies on collating interactions by a unique identifier such as a user ID. However, if users can contribute without being logged-in (i.e., anonymously) analysis of interaction data omit part of a user's experience. Problematically, anonymous traces are unlikely to be randomly distributed, so their omission can change statistical conclusions, with implications for both research and practice. To understand the impacts on conclusions of leaving out anonymous traces, we conducted an analysis of system logs from two online citizen science projects. Attributing anonymous traces with user IDs, we found that (1) many users contribute anonymously, though with varied patterns; and (2) attributing anonymous traces diminishes empirical evidence used to support theory and change the results of system algorithms. These results suggest anonymous traces have implications for research on user behaviors and the practices associated with using such data to tailor user experiences in online communities.
Stereoselective rearrangement of trichloroacetimidates: application to the synthesis of alpha-glycosyl ureas.

A new method for the stereoselective synthesis of α-glycosyl ureas, via nickel-catalyzed [1,3]-rearrangement of glycosyl trichloroacetimidates, has been developed. The α-stereoselectivity at the anomeric carbon of the resulting trichloroacetamides depends on the nature of the cationic nickel catalyst. This method is applicable to a number of trichloroacetimidate substrates. The α-glycosyl trichloroacetamides can be directly converted into α-glycosyl ureas in the presence of amines. In all cases, the stereochemical integrity at the urea linkages remains intact.
Investigation of Skull-Based Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair: A Single-Institution Comprehensive Study of 116 Cases Over 10 Years.

Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks have been historically difficult to diagnose and treat because their cause can widely vary. There are insufficient diagnostic predictors and no clinically accepted standards for their treatment. This large institutional study reports on the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of patients presenting with CSF leak over 10 years and aims to identify potential comorbidities and risk factors for primary and recurrent leaks. Methods Patients diagnosed with CSF leak from 2007 to 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The data included medical history, body mass index, surgical treatment, and postoperative outcomes. Results A total of 116 cases were identified. The location of leaks was 91 CSF rhinorrhea and 28 CSF otorrhea (3 both). The average BMI for females was greater than that of males (P = 0.01). Causes of leak were 64 noniatrogenic, 47 iatrogenic, and 9 traumatic. A total of 108 patients underwent surgical treatment. Sixty-nine were treated by endoscopic approaches, 42 involved open approaches, and 83 involved the placement of a lumbar drain. Eighteen patients had a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and 6 had a lumbar-peritoneal shunt. A total of 78 patients (72.22%) had an associated encephalocele with the CSF leak. The average length of stay was 7.73 days (0.76). The average length of follow-up was 1.58 years (0.22). The primary repair rate was 80.17% (n = 93) and the overall repair outcome was 99.14% (n = 115). Conclusions The overall CSF repair outcome was 99.14% over 10 years at a single institution. Despite this high percentage, CSF leaks continue to be a complex problem and require vigorous multidisciplinary work with close follow-up and use of multiple imaging strategies.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome on Facebook: Qualitative Descriptive Content Analysis to Guide Prevention Efforts.

Background: Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID), which includes the diagnosis of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), is a leading cause of infant mortality in the United States. Despite prevention efforts, many parents continue to create unsafe infant sleep environments and use potentially dangerous infant sleep and monitoring devices, ultimately leading to sleep-related infant deaths. Analyzing Facebook conversations regarding SIDS may offer a unique maternal perspective to guide future research and prevention efforts. Objective: This study aims to describe and analyze conversations among mothers engaged in discussions about SIDS on a Facebook mother’s group. We were interested in understanding maternal knowledge of SIDS, identifying information sources for SIDS, describing actual infant sleep practices, exploring opinions regarding infant sleep products and monitoring devices, and discovering evidence of provider communication regarding SIDS. Methods: We extracted and analyzed 20 posts and 912 comments from 512 mothers who participated in a specific Facebook mother’s group and engaged in conversations about SIDS. There were 2 reviewers who coded the data using qualitative descriptive content analysis. Themes were induced after discussion among researchers and after the study objectives were addressed. Results: The theme of social support emerged, specifically informational and emotional support. A variety of informational sources for SIDS and safe sleep were identified, as was a continuum of infant sleep practices (ranging from unsafe to safe sleep per the American Academy of Pediatrics standards). There was widespread discussion regarding infant sleep products and monitoring devices. Embedded within conversations were (1) confusion among commonly used medical terminology, (2) the practice of unsafe infant sleep, (3) inconsistency in provider communication about SIDS, and (4) maternal anxiety regarding SIDS. Conclusions: We uncovered new findings in this analysis, such as the commonality of infant sleep products and monitoring devices and widespread maternal anxiety regarding SIDS. Additionally, mothers who participated in the Facebook group provided and received informational and emotional support regarding SIDS via this social media format. Such results can guide future prevention efforts by informing health communication regarding SUID and safe sleep. Future provider and public health agency communication on the topic of SUID and safe sleep should be simple and clear, address infant sleep products and monitoring devices, address maternal anxiety regarding SIDS, and address the common practice of unsafe sleep.
Fluorescent Antenna Proteins from the Bioluminescent Bacteria

The emission spectrum from bioluminescent bacteria has been observed to depend on the type of bacteria. Photobacterium phosphoreum species usually show bioluminescence maxima around 472 nm and Photobacterium leiognathi species to slightly longer wavelength. A certain strain (Yl) of Vibrio fischeri, has a yellow bioluminescence with maximum at 542 nm. These differences have been explained as due to the bioluminescence originating from the fluorescence transition of an “antenna” protein, participating in the bioluminescence reaction along with the enzyme bacterial luciferase. The bioluminescence from a number of coelenterates involves a similar participation of an antenna protein, the famous “Green-Fluorescent Protein” being the origin of the bioluminescence emission from these organisms.