cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Segmental Motion at the N-Terminal Structural Domain in Epidermal Growth Factor

The downfield aromatic region of a 500 MHz proton NMR spectrum of mouse epidermal growth factor is shown below. Several of the resonances assigned to the Tyr-10, Try-13 and His-22 residues in mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) seem to have one or more associated “minor” resonances (labelled ‘B’ and ‘C’) (Mayo, 1984). The term “minor” defines those resonances in the NMR spectrum whose integrated intensities are less than one proton each. Based primarily on the observation of saturation transfer between these minor resonances and the Tyr-10, tyr-13 and His-22 resonances, respectively, a process of slow chemical exchange on a 500 MHz NMR time scale must be occurring between these minor resonances and their respective major resonance counterparts (labelled ‘A’). Selective saturation transfer and spin-lattice relaxation (T 1 experiments allow estimation of the exchange rate constants which range from 10 s-1 to 700 s-1 at 303K. The effect of temperature on the exchange kinetics gives the transition enthalpies (~5 kcal/mole) and entropies (~2 x10-1 kcal/mole °K) of the exchange process and allows insight into the most probable exchange mechanism. The unequal resonance intensities of the exchanging resonances rule-out 180° “flip” motions about the C α — C β bond of the tyrosines as the cause for exchange. Rotation about the C α — C β tyrosine bond also seems unlikely.
Applications to Problems in Living

If you don't run, you can't win. ( Chariots of Fire ) You got to know when to hold 'em, know when to fold 'em. (Don Schlitz, The Gambler ) O Baumeister, Heatherton, & Tice, 1994; Hamilton, Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Cather, 1993; Kirschenbaum, 1987). In keeping with our overall strategy, we begin simply and then elaborate. The issues treated in this chapter are straightforward; Chapter 13 treats matters of greater complexity. Some of the problems in people's lives stem from relatively simple snags in the self-regulatory process. These snags involve only the feedback loop and ways in which the effects of that loop can be disrupted. The problems are simple in structure, but not trivial in consequence. REGULATING WITH THE WRONG FEEDBACK Ours is a view in which people self-regulate their actions in order to keep on track in moving toward desired goals or intentions.
Radiation Therapy in the Management of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas

Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a rare form of lymphomas, characterized by skin involvement without extracutaneous involvement at diagnosis. The most common type is mycosis fungoides (MF), which represent 72 % of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas with incidence of 6.4 cases per million or approximately 3000 cases per year in the USA. Following that are CD30+ lymphoproliferative diseases which include primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (pcALCL). Both MF and pcALCL generally follow a chronic, indolent course, but with frequent skin relapses and risk of extracutaneous spread. Radiation therapy (RT) is an important palliative treatment modality in both advanced and localized cases. In this chapter, patients with advanced and early stage MF and pcALCL will be discussed. RT management in each of these cases will be addressed.
In Vivo Effects of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Remodeling.

Zoledronic acid (ZA) is an amino-bisphosphonate with very potent antiresorptive activity widely used in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease. Recently, the increasing incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw and its possible association with prolonged use of amino-bisphosphonates such as ZA has been reported. Therefore, we here studied the effects of ZA on bone remodeling in vitro and in vivo . Although ZA has been shown to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and increase bone mineralization, data on its effects on osteoblastic activity and on bone formation are conflicting. To study the effects of ZA on osteoblasts (OB), 5 week old C57BL/6 mice were treated with low and high doses of ZA intraperitoneally (IP) weekly. The dose ranged from 0.05-1mg/kg, with the highest dose recapitulating a lifetime dose of ZA over a 5 year period in an adult MM patient. Blood was collected at baseline and weekly thereafter. IP calcein injections were administered to study bone formation rates. Consistent with its known effects on bone mass and density, in vivo DXA scans in ZA-treated animals demonstrated an increase in whole body bone mineral density (BMD). ZA treatment was associated with a dose-related increase in trabecular bone at the distal femur, evaluated by microCT and confirmed by static histomorphometry. ELISA assays showed a decrease in TRACP5B (bone resorption), as expected due to the anti-osteoclastic activity of ZA. In addition to osteoclast (OC) inhibition, mice treated with ZA also showed alterations in OB activity. Specifically, serum osteocalcin (a marker for bone formation) levels were lower in ZA treated mice, and dynamic histomorphometry confirmed decreased bone formation rates. In order to study the mechanism of our in vivo observations, we tested the effects of ZA on OB, OC, and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) treated in vitro with ZA (0.01μM to 100μM) for 7, 14, and 21 days. Decreased viability during differentiation of both OB and OC was observed, without any significant effects on BMSCs. This was associated with decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, suggesting functional impairment of OB activity. Our data therefore suggests that ZA impairs OB number and activity, in addition to effects on OC and may impair normal physiologic bone remodeling. Ongoing studies will determine the molecular mechanisms whereby ZA mediates these sequelae and inform future studies of ZA use in patients with MM bone disease.
Practical aspects of system stabilization with minimum data rates

Distributed control systems implement feedback links over computer networks to transmit quantized data with finite precision. Uncertainties introduced by quantization errors can degrade the designed closed-loop performance or even destabilize the closed-loop system. The theoretical lower bounds on minimum stabilizing data rates over the feedback links were recently found for large classes of systems. In this paper, we propose several practical implementations using floating point quantization and state feedback to achieve these theoretical lower bounds. In particular, we analyze two system realizations, viz. for digital systems with plants implemented by microcontrollers where the designer has access to internal data registers and those originating from analog counterparts where no such information is available. Simulation results show that these realizations can actually achieve and in particular cases even beat the theoretical minimum. They are of significant value to the system designers.
Miniaturization of image sensors

Miniaturization has been the main driver of product innovation in image sensors and other semiconductor devices for several decades. Strategy and technology researchers, however, have somewhat overlooked the enablers of miniaturization. Using charge-coupled device image sensors as the context, we find that innovations in complementary technologies played a vital role in mitigating the technological trade-offs associated with such product innovations. In the process, we contribute to our understanding of technological evolution by relating the enabling role of complementary technologies to product innovation.
Will the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program Ever Forgive Any Loans

There is a sharp tension between the expectations that hundreds of thousands to millions of persons have regarding their right to eventually have their student loan debts forgiven under the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program, starting this fall, and the legitimate public concerns regarding the large future costs and regressive incidence of the PSLF program’s benefits. The Trump Administration has recently proposed prospectively abolishing the PSLF program for future Direct Loans. Whether or not this proposal is adopted, given the large costs of the program (which I estimate will eventually rise to $12 billion/year or more as an estimated 200,000 people/year or more will eventually seek debt forgiveness), and given the skewed incidence of its benefits in favor of mid-career doctors and lawyers, I think that there will eventually be a more aggressive push by the Administration or members of Congress for retroactive elimination of the program, or at least for a retroactive tax law amendment to include this forgiven debt as taxable income under IRS Code Section 108 as is now done for debts forgiven under the other income-based loan forgiveness plans. As a matter of positive law this article considers several contractual arguments as well as a couple of Constitutional arguments that opponents of such retroactive statutes could offer. The contractual arguments include an express loan terms argument, an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing-based argument, a promissory estoppel argument, and an unconscionability argument. Some of these arguments against retroactive PSLF program repeal have considerable merit, at least for some Direct Loan borrowers who can make certain fact-specific showings. The Constitutional arguments include the substantive due process issue that would presented by a tax law change that would have retroactive impacts extending back a decade or more. Opponents of such tax legislation might be able to get some traction on the substantive due process issue under Bowen v. POSSE (1986). They also can offer a plausible Takings Clause argument against a tax law change if the courts take the (unlikely) step of regarding the PSLF program’s tax exemption for forgiven debt as a contractual commitment, rather than as only a revocable privilege. Apart from this legal analysis the article does not take a strong normative position on these issues. I do, however, suggest that as a matter of policy a compromise that would arguably fairly balance the interests at issue here may be to continue the PSLF program, but also to retroactively repeal the tax exemption for forgiven debt so as to recapture approximately one-quarter to one-third of the benefits of debt forgiveness, and do so in a modestly progressive manner. Such a compromise should probably also include some provision for spreading the payment of those taxes over at least several years in order to avoid unduly burdening these persons with a “tax bomb” effect.
Acquisition and Extinction of the Conditioned Avoidance Response: a Comparison Between Male Rats and Estrus and Non-Estrus Female Rats

Male hooded rats were compared with non-estrus females in acquisition and extinction of an avoidance response. No differential extinction rates were found between these groups although terminal performance differences were present in acquisition. Females, which during acquisition were not in estrus, were divided into estrus and non-estrus groups in extinction. No differences were significant during early trials, but both performance and rate changes were noted thereafter, the non-estrus Ss being superior to estrus Ss on both measures. Results are discussed in terms of the influence of the estrus variable on male-female comparative studies.
Austria vs. Australia: Two Versions of the Identity Theory

According to the received view the identity theory was developed in the decade stretching from the mid fifties to the mid sixties. At the time the identity theory seemed like an outrageous minority view. In the face of near universal opposition the early identity theorists developed a remarkable esprit de corps—they emphasized the similarities and de-emphasized the differences of their respective views. This sort of team spirit may have seemed essential to win a philosophical battle; but it also helped to obscure the crucial differences between the various theories that sailed under the flag of the identity theory. Today I want to invert the strategy of the early identity theorist—I want to emphasize the differences and de-emphasize the similarities between the early versions of the identity theory.
Toe Walking: A Neurological Perspective After Referral From Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgeons.

Background:Toe walking (TW) in children is often idiopathic in origin. Our purpose was to determine the incidence of a neurological etiology for TW in patients seen in the neurology clinic after referral from pediatric orthopaedic surgeons.Methods:We performed an Institutional Review Board approved
C2 adsorption in zeolites: in silico screening and sensitivity to molecular models

Efficient separation of ethane and ethylene has been a long-standing challenge for the chemical industry. In this study, we use molecular modeling to identify zeolite and zeotype frameworks that have the potential to be the next-generation solution for the separation of these C2 compounds. Using two different united-atom versions of the transferable potentials for phase equilibria (TraPPE) force field, the zeolitic structures in the database of the International Zeolite Association are screened for the separation of ethane and ethylene. A detailed analysis, with regards to accessibility of favorable sites and sensitivity to molecular models (also considering the explicit-hydrogen TraPPE model for ethane), is carried out on the top-performing structures. This study provides insights on the performance and limitations of molecular models for predicting mixture adsorption in zeolites.
“Securing One’s Base in Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s Ongoing Literary Theory”: An Interview

In this interview, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o shares his current ongoing thoughts on the definition of African literature, issue of language and positionality, and decolonization of African resources. Ngũgĩ argues that English and European languages are stealingAfrican literary identity. His personal commitment to write in Gĩkũyũ is less motivated by a wider readership than a concern to secure “his base”. He lays the blame on Africans for lacking self-esteem or self-conception. Decolonizing African resources, including reforming language policies, stands as a mental sanity challenge in a world where African people are stereotyped and ethnicized in comparison to their Western counterparts. He concludes his thought humorously by calling for a full control of African resources and spaces.
Residual Herbicide Effect on Interseeded Annual Clover in Southern Forage Systems

Across the southeastern United States, pyridine carboxylic acid herbicides are widely used for broadleaf weed control in permanent grass pastures. This family of herbicides has proved very successful for controlling most broadleaf weeds commonly present in southeastern pastures and hayfields. In the southern United States, producers have expressed concern when overseeding legume species into warm-season perennial sods following application of commonly used pyridine carboxylic acid herbicides, as legumes are generally highly sensitive to this herbicide family. Field experiments were established to evaluate two herbicide treatment programs (residual vs nonresidual) on crimson clover overseeded into bermudagrass sod. The residual herbicide program included aminopyralid plus 2,4-D (0.09 0.7 kg ae ha-1), and the nonresidual program included triclopyr plus fluroxypyr (0.63 0.21 kg ae ha-1) plus 2,4-D (1.12 kg ae ha-1). Herbicide programs were applied at two key timings: in spring (May) and early summer (June). Spring applications were also evaluated when used in single vs repeated annual application. Our results did not indicate soil residual herbicide issues for crimson clover planted in the fall following spring or early-summer application of aminopyralid 2,4-D at either location. Additionally, there were no cumulative negative impacts on crimson clover following 2 yr of spring herbicide application. Crimson clover cover, however, strongly decreased as grass and weed cover increased—an event that may be related to greater interspecific competition at higher levels of grass and weed cover. Soil fertility, weather, and competition from resident annual grasses and weeds strongly influenced productivity, suggesting that changes in pasture dynamics had a greater influence on clover productivity than did herbicide treatment or timing of application.Nomenclature: Aminopyralid; fluroxypyr; triclopyr; 2,4-D; bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (Pers.) L.; crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L
Repacking the White Privilege Knapsack

Contemporary college students, particularly white students, often meet classroom discussions of white privilege with great resistance. My presentation will provide an overview of an activity which asks students to update Peggy McIntosh’s 1988 article “Unpacking the Knapsack” first by editing her list and subsequently adding additional examples of privileges. Through proper instruction, this activity empowers students to critically examine their community and to develop a sophisticated understanding of the operation of white privilege within society. Students begin with a cursory analysis tweaking McIntosh’s original list but, with guidance, are able to develop novel and important items based on their own experiences with white privilege. Teachers are cautioned to be cognizant to meet the needs of and challenge all class participants.
Commentary: Sports participation at 4 years old? Thoughts on mental health-risk trajectories in the longitudinal study of Australian children - a commentary on Vella et al. (2018).

Vella and colleagues (this issue) report on children in the kindergarten cohort of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) study, using predictors from age 4 years to identify six trajectories of mental health risk from ages 4-12. Somewhat surprisingly, they find that among some predictable candidates for risk, such as sex and family income, that sports participation at age four emerges as a novel predictor of low difficulty with respect to mental health trajectories across the next 8 years. Is this a case of mens sana in corpore sano? Or is sports participation, that is, swimming, dancing, gymnastics, and team sports, a proxy for other factors? What can the various predictors and the trajectories of mental health risk from this longitudinal study tell us about interventions to reduce risk?
Moderate aging does not exacerbate cisplatin-induced kidney injury or fibrosis despite altered inflammatory cytokine expression and immune cell infiltration

Aging is a risk factor for certain forms of kidney injury due to normal physiological changes, but the role of aging in cisplatin-induced kidney injury is not well defined in humans or animal model...
Is the term ‘serials’ relevant any longer? Some thoughts on the matter…

The authors solicited opinions from eight thought leaders in publishing and librarianship asking them to reflect on the term "serials." Is this word losing its relevance? The discussion centers around several common themes. The nature of seriality is considered. The de-emphasis of individual journals is recognized. The fact that the word "serial€ has mostly been utilized by librarians historically is acknowledged , but even in libraries the word seems to be disappearing from job titles and workflows. Technical use of the term is still evident , but will another term take its place as publication formats continue to change? The authors conclude that the word still has meaning but its future is uncertain , since as digital publishing ever increases , new terminology inevitably becomes more prevalent. The word is on its way to obsolescence because the word is more associated with traditional paper publications that are also on their way to obsolescence. There is a new online information ecosystem of article databases , mega-journals , blogs , podcasts , and social media that is phasing out both the name and the things it names.
Flipping the classroom and student learning outcomes: Evidence from an international economics course

Abstract This study applies a flipped classroom format to an international economics course. A fully-flipped format where class-time is devoted to group exercises, experiments and other active learning activities is developed and course material is delivered outside of class. In my quasi-experiment, two sections of the course were taught using this flipped format (treatment) and another two were taught using a traditional lecture (control) with measures of student interest, achievement and attendance collected. Students in the flipped sections were more interested, prepared and participated more in class. In contrast, the evidence shows that those same students attended class less often and may have achieved higher grades. Taken together, the results suggest that the flipped format may increase learning productivity and result in lower attendance for similar grades.
Optimal-Capacity, Shortest Path Routing in Self-Organizing 5G Networks using Machine Learning

Machine learning is expected to be a key enabler in 5G wireless self-organizing networks (SONs) that will be significantly more autonomous, smarter, adaptable and user-centric than current networks. This paper proposes a methodology, User Specific-Optimal Capacity Shortest Path (US-OCSP) routing, that uses machine learning to determine the resource-based optimum-capacity shortest path for a user between source and destination. The methodology takes into account two primary metrics, available capacity at network nodes (eNodeBs/gNodeBs) and distance, that are critical in determining the optimal path for an end-user. An ns-3 simulation determines the capacity, which is measured by the availability of resources [i.e., Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs)] at all possible serving network nodes between the source and destination, that is followed by implementation of Q-learning, a reinforcement type of machine learning algorithm that determines the shortest path avoiding congested network nodes so as to achieve the required throughput and/or bit rate. The ability to determine the optimal-capacity shortest path route will facilitate effective resource allocation that will optimize end-user satisfaction in a 5G SON network.
Location Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks

In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been attracting increased attention from the research and engineering communities, motivated by applications like security surveillance, border protection, combat field reconnaissance, environment and habitat monitoring, and target tracking. In these applications, a WSN typically consists of a large population of spatially distributed sensor nodes that cooperatively monitor conditions in their surroundings and report their findings to an in situ base station (BS). The BS not only collects and analyzes the incoming data, but also interfaces WSN to a higher authority. Hence, the unique role of the BS attracts adversary’s attention since it can be a single point of failure for WSN. In addition, in some applications such as target tracking, the node that detects and reports on an event could be of utmost importance for an intruder. An adversary that seeks to diminish the network utility can apply traffic analysis techniques to locate the sink of all packets (i.e., the BS) and/or the data sources in order to apply a denial of service attack, e.g., radio jamming. Countering such a threat necessitates enhanced BS and data source anonymity to conceal their identity, role, and location from external observers. This chapter analyzes the threat, highlights anonymity metrics, categorizes contemporary traffic analysis countermeasures, and discusses some of the emerging techniques.
Influence of fracture obliquity and interlocking nail screw configuration on interfragmentary motion in distal metaphyseal tibia fractures

The indications for the use of intramedullary (IM) nails have been extended to include extra-articular distal metaphyseal tibia fractures. We hypothesize that interfragmentary motion during physiologic compressive loading of distal tibia fractures is influenced by fracture obliquity and can be modulated by interlocking screw configuration. Sawbone specimens were osteotomized with frontal plane obliquities ranging from 0° to 60° and then fixed by IM nailing with six interlocking screw configurations. Interfragmentary motion was evaluated during loading in axial compression to 1000 N. Comparisons of interfragmentary motions were made (1) between configurations for the various fracture obliquities and (2) between fracture obliquities for the various screw configurations using a mixed-effects regression model. As the degree of fracture obliquity increased, significantly more interfragmentary displacement was shown in configurations with two distal interlocking screws and one proximal screw set in dynamic mode. Fracture obliquity beyond 30° causes demonstrated instability in configurations with less than two distal locking screws and one proximal locking screw. Optimizing the available screw configurations can minimize fracture site motion and shear in distal tibial fractures with larger fracture obliquities.
Characterization of 5'-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidases from Borrelia burgdorferi: Antibiotic targets for Lyme disease.

Abstract Background Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease, the most common tick-borne illness in the United States. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that the occurrence of Lyme disease in the U.S. has now reached approximately 300,000 cases annually. Early stage Borrelia burgdorferi infections are generally treatable with oral antibiotics, but late stage disease is more difficult to treat and more likely to lead to post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome. Methods Here we examine three unique 5′-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine (MTA/SAH) nucleosidases (MTNs or MTANs, EC 3.2.2.9) responsible for salvage of adenine and methionine in B. burgdorferi and explore their potential as antibiotic targets to treat Lyme disease. Recombinant Borrelia MTNs were expressed and purified from E. coli. The enzymes were extensively characterized for activity, specificity, and inhibition using a UV spectrophotometric assay. In vitro antibiotic activities of MTN inhibitors were assessed using a bioluminescent BacTiter-Glo™ assay. Results The three Borrelia MTNs showed unique activities against the native substrates MTA, SAH, and 5′-deoxyadenosine. Analysis of substrate analogs revealed that specific activity rapidly dropped as the length of the 5′-alkylthio substitution increased. Non-hydrolysable nucleoside transition state analogs demonstrated sub-nanomolar enzyme inhibition constants. Lastly, two late stage transition state analogs exerted in vitro IC50 values of 0.3–0.4 μg/mL against cultured B. burgdorferi cells. Conclusion B. burgdorferi is unusual in that it expresses three distinct MTNs (cytoplasmic, membrane bound, and secreted) that are effectively inactivated by nucleoside analogs. General significance The Borrelia MTNs appear to be promising targets for developing new antibiotics to treat Lyme disease.
World Trade Center exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder, and subjective cognitive concerns in a cohort of rescue/recovery workers.

Objective To determine whether World Trade Center (WTC)-exposure intensity and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with subjective cognitive change in rescue/recovery workers. Method The population included 7875 rescue/recovery workers who completed a subjective cognition measure, the Cognitive Function Instrument (CFI), between 3/1/2018 and 2/28/2019 during routine monitoring, indicating whether they had experienced cognitive and functional difficulties in the past year. Higher scores indicated greater self-perceived cognitive change. Probable PTSD, depression, and alcohol abuse were evaluated by validated mental health screeners. Logistic regression assessed the associations of WTC exposure and current PTSD with top-quartile (≥2) CFI score, and of early post-9/11 PTSD with top-quartile CFI in a subpopulation (N = 6440). Models included demographics, smoking, depression, and alcohol abuse as covariates. Results Mean age at CFI completion was 56.7 ± 7.7 (range: 36-81). Participants with high-intensity WTC exposure had an increased likelihood of top-quartile CFI score (odds ratio[OR] vs. low exposure: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.07-1.64), controlling for covariates. Current and early PTSD were both associated with top-quartile CFI (OR: 3.25, 95%CI: 2.53-4.19 and OR: 1.56, 95%CI: 1.26-1.93) respectively. Conclusions High-intensity WTC exposure was associated with self-reported cognitive change 17 years later in rescue/recovery workers, as was PTSD. Highly WTC-exposed subgroups may benefit from additional cognitive evaluation and monitoring of cognition over time.
Impact of anesthesia exposure in early development on learning and sensory functions

Each year, millions of children undergo anesthesia, and both human and animal studies have indicated that exposure to anesthesia at an early age can lead to neuronal damage and learning deficiency. However, disorders of sensory functions were not reported in children or animals exposed to anesthesia during infancy, which is surprising, given the significant amount of damage to brain tissue reported in many animal studies. In this review, we discuss the relationship between the systems in the brain that mediate sensory input, spatial learning, and classical conditioning, and how these systems could be affected during anesthesia exposure. Based on previous reports, we conclude that anesthesia can induce structural, functional, and compensatory changes in both sensory and learning systems. Changes in myelination following anesthesia exposure were observed as well as the neurodegeneration in the gray matter across variety of brain regions. Disproportionate cell death between excitatory and inhibitory cells induced by anesthesia exposure can lead to a long-term shift in the excitatory/inhibitory balance, which affects both learning-specific networks and sensory systems. Anesthesia may directly affect synaptic plasticity which is especially critical to learning acquisition. However, sensory systems appear to have better ability to compensate for damage than learning-specific networks.
Environmental Humility, “Wicked Problems,” and Green Space Activity: A Collaborative Approach to Sustainable Behaviors

This mixed-methods qualitative study examined the relationship between community service activity, environmental humility, and participation in volunteer outdoor (i.e., green space) programs. Under...
Rapid Implementation of an Inpatient Telehealth Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background Relaxation of laws and regulations around privacy and billing during the COVID-19 pandemic provide expanded opportunities to use telehealth to provide patient care at a distance. Many health systems have transitioned to providing outpatient care via telehealth; however, there is an opportunity to utilize telehealth for inpatients to promote physical distancing. Objective This article evaluates the use of a rapidly implemented, secure inpatient telehealth program. Methods We assembled a multidisciplinary team to rapidly design, implement, and iteratively improve an inpatient telehealth quality improvement initiative using an existing videoconferencing system at our academic medical center. We assigned each hospital bed space a unique meeting link and updated the meeting password for each new patient. Patients and families were encouraged to use their own mobile devices to join meetings when possible. Results Within 7 weeks of go-live, we hosted 1,820 inpatient telehealth sessions (13.3 sessions per 100 bedded days). We logged 104,647 minutes of inpatient telehealth time with a median session duration of 22 minutes (range 1–1,961). There were 5,288 participant devices used with a mean of 3 devices per telehealth session (range 2–22). Clinicians found they were able to build rapport and perform a reasonable physical exam. Conclusion We successfully implemented and scaled a secure inpatient telehealth program using an existing videoconferencing system in less than 1 week. Our implementation provided an intuitive naming convention for providers and capitalized on the broad availability of smartphones and tablets. Initial comments from clinicians suggest the system was useful; however, further work is needed to streamline initial setup for patients and families as well as care coordination to support clinician communication and workflows. Numerous use cases identified suggest a role for inpatient telehealth will remain after the COVID-19 crisis underscoring the importance of lasting regulatory reform.
Effects of Langevin friction and time steps in the molecular dynamics simulation of nanoindentation

In the simplest form of molecular dynamics (MD), the system evolves according to Newton's equations of motion with its total energy conserved. Moreover, to model systems at constant temperatures, a...
Clinical Reasoning: A 14-year-old boy with acute weakness, paresthesias, and headache.

A 14-year-old boy with a history of atrial tachycardia presented to the emergency department with acute right foot weakness. One month prior to presentation, he had a self-resolving diarrheal illness and bacterial pneumonia treated with antibiotics. Two weeks later, he endorsed a dull headache, increased irritability, and neck pain. One week prior to presentation, he developed intermittent urinary retention and episodes of flushing and redness of his right face. He fell 5 days prior to presentation and in the ensuing days, he complained of bilateral hip pain and paresthesias that progressively spread to involve bilateral thighs. On the day of presentation, the patient noticed weakness of his right ankle and foot. There was no history of fever. He denied joint pain, swelling, rash, or facial droop, but he did endorse mild sound sensitivity.
Tutorial on Conversational Recommendation Systems

Recent years have witnessed the emerging of conversational systems, including both physical devices and mobile-based applications. Both the research community and industry believe that conversational systems will have a major impact on human-computer interaction, and specifically, the RecSys community has begun to explore Conversational Recommendation Systems. Conversational recommendation aims at finding or recommending the most relevant information (e.g., web pages, answers, movies, products) for users based on textual- or spoken-dialogs, through which users can communicate with the system more efficiently using natural language conversations. Due to users’ constant need to look for information to support both work and daily life, conversational recommendation system will be one of the key techniques towards an intelligent web. The tutorial focuses on the foundations and algorithms for conversational recommendation, as well as their applications in real-world systems such as search engine, e-commerce and social networks. The tutorial aims at introducing and communicating conversational recommendation methods to the community, as well as gathering researchers and practitioners interested in this research direction for discussions, idea communications, and research promotions.
Semitic evidence on some problems of Indo-European prehistory

Correspondences in vocabulary and morphology between early IE and Semitic languages reveal some far-reaching prehistoric contacts, whether or not traceable to a remote common language older than pr...
Adjusting for protein quality by food source may affect nutrient density metrics.

Methods to assess nutrient density of foods, commonly known as nutrient profiling (NP), typically include protein as a component. In this study, the goal was to apply a correction for protein quality by food source to selected NP algorithms. Analyses of 378 component foods of the Fred Hutch food frequency questionnaire showed that animal-source foods (ie, meat, eggs, and dairy) along with some soy products and nuts were the only foods that provided > 20% of the daily value (DV) of protein per 100 g or per 100 kcal. Most beans, pulses, legumes, grains, and vegetables provided <10% DV of protein per 100 g or per 100 kcal. Adjusting for protein quality using a simplified Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) had consequences for point-based NP models (namely, Nutri-Score) and for continuous nutrient density scores (namely, Nutrient Rich Foods). Quantitative methods that use protein content to capture nutrient density may require a protein-quality adjustment, especially when adapted for use in low- and middle-income countries where protein quality is an issue of public health concern.
Fungal Diversity and Dynamics during Grape Wine Fermentations with Different Sulfite Levels and Yeast Inoculations

Microbial communities during grape wine fermentations are diverse and dynamic. High-throughput sequencing (molecular methods enabling precise identification of microbial communities) was used to identify fungal diversity during fermentation of grape juice with different sulfite levels and yeast inoculations. Fermentation (0, 14, and 21 days) was evaluated in two grape varieties, Noble (Vitis rotundifolia) and Vignoles (Vitis hybrid), fermented at three sulfite levels (0, 10, and 20 mg/L) with three yeast inoculations (uninoculated, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Torulaspora delbrueckii). Fungal taxonomy of both varieties included six to seven phyla and 115 to 129 genera. The indigenous microbiota was affected by sulfite level and yeast inoculation and varied by grape variety. Sulfite levels had minimal effect on fungal communities but did affect fermentation dynamics. Increasing sulfite additions did not affect the fermentation performance of S. cerevisiae but did affect the fermentation of uninoculated juice and T. delbrueckii-inoculated juice. The primary fungal genera (Podosphaera, Candida, Phialemoniopsis, and Meyerozyma)—those present at a relative abundance >1%—were the same for both varieties but at different relative abundance. Similar fungal diversity patterns were observed for both varieties, with a decrease in diversity at day 14 and an increase at day 21 of fermentation. Juices inoculated with T. delbrueckii were rapidly colonized by Torulaspora spp. at day 0 for both varieties, whereas Saccharomyces spp. dominated by day 14 when inoculated with S. cerevisiae, especially in Noble. The most abundant genera in uninoculated juice were Hanseniaspora and Zygoascus for Noble and Hanseniaspora and Saccharomyces for Vignoles. Understanding grape juice microbial communities and the dynamics of these communities during fermentation provides insight for wine production using spontaneous fermentations or non-Saccharomyces species and information on the effect of sulfur dioxide on these novel fermentations.
A rare presentation and management of thrombosis of an aberrant right subclavian artery related to thoracic outlet syndrome.

ObjectivesWe present a case in which a 44-year-old female smoker with a complex medical and surgical history presented with acute upper limb ischemia.MethodsThe patient was diagnosed with thoracic ...
Unreviewable: The Final Installment of the “Epic” Obamacare Trilogy

Over the past decade, Obamacare has faced three existential legal challenges. And in each “installment [of the] epic Affordable Care Act trilogy,” the Supreme Court rebuffed those attacks. First, NFIB v. Sebelius saved the ACA’s individual mandate as an exercise of Congress’s taxing power. Second, King v. Burwell held that the ACA, which subsidizes only health care exchanges “established by the State,” also subsidizes the federal exchange. And this past term, California v. Texas held that the latest challenge to Obamacare was unreviewable. After three rounds, Obamacare remains undefeated before the Supreme Court. And the vote wasn’t even close. Seven members of the Court found that plaintiffs lacked standing. Justice Samuel Alito dissented with Justice Neil Gorsuch. They found that the state plaintiffs had standing, the mandate was unconstitutional, and certain portions of the ACA that injure the states should be enjoined. However, the majority and dissent did not address my preferred theory of standing-through-inseverability, which was also advanced by the solicitor general. This article for the Cato Supreme Court Review—my fourth—considers the legal arguments that California v. Texas declined to reach. In the end, the ACA survived once again. Justice Alito wrote that “in all three episodes, with the Affordable Care Act facing a serious threat, the Court has pulled off an improbable rescue.” He lamented, “once again the Court has found a way to protect the ACA.” Justice Alito predicted, “[o]ur Affordable Care Act epic may go on.” Soon enough, the trilogy will become a quadrilogy. You can check out of the Hotel California v. Texas any time you like. But I can never leave.
Low-Power and Area-Efficient Fully On-Chip ECG Motion Artifact Removal Circuitry utilizing Band Pass Filter based R-peak Detection Scheme

This paper presents a circuit-level implemented algorithm for removing ambulatory ECG motion artifacts and baseline wander in the analog domain and real-time. The designed circuit is in response to the outpatient diagnosis and treatment needs especially required during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this approach, the R-peaks, as useful components of ECG signals, are detected by a band pass filter and excluded from the baseline wander detection path leading to SNR improvement of 9.82 dB. Thanks to switch capacitor biquad filter, integrator and double sampling sample and hold (S/H) circuits for realizing moving average, linear interpolation and delay chain circuits, this method can be implemented fully on-chip in the analog ECG sensor frontend. Therefore, power consumption and chip area are reduced drastically due to extra digital components elimination. The algorithm is realized in 0.18µm CMOS technology with 1.8 V power supply and 6.5 µW power consumption.
Degraded Broadcast Channels

Let A = {1,..., a}, B = {1,..., b}, and C = {1,..., c}. Let w1(· | ·) be the c.p.f. of a d.m.c. A → B, and w2(· | ·) the c.p.f. of a d.m.c. B → C. Write A n * for the Cartesian product of n A’s, with similar definitions for B n * , C n * , and, later, for D n * . There are three individuals I, II, III who act as follows: I wishes to send to II an arbitrarily chosen pair (i, j) of messages over the d.m.c. w1(·|·), and the message j to III over the d.m.c. w3(·|·), where $$ {\omega _3}\left( {{s_2}\left| {{s_1}} \right.} \right) = \sum\limits_{s = 1}^b {{\omega _2}} \left( {{s_2}\left| s \right.} \right){\omega _1}\left( {s\left| {{s_1}} \right.} \right) $$ $$ 1\underline{\underline < } \,{s_1}\underline{\underline { < \,}} \,a,1\underline{\underline < } \,{s_2}\underline{\underline < } \,c $$ .
Microarray analysis of trophoblast cells.

Abstract A complex repertoire of trophoblast gene products governs the multifaceted functions performed by the placenta during the relatively short period of pregnancy. Cloning and sequencing the human as well as other mammalian genomes allow investigators to gain better insight into the function of trophoblast genes. Our ability to identify transcripts by their nucleotide sequences and determine their expression patterns enables us to glean information on gene function. Although the molecular principles underlying microarray are not new to biology, the high throughput, low reaction volumes, fluorescent labeling, accurate detection, and robust analysis software makes this approach most appealing to today's researchers, when compared with standard filter blotting techniques. This chapter focuses on DNA microarray of the human placental transcriptome as a means to identify alterations in gene expression in different physiological or pathological conditions.
From Slavery to Servitude: The African and Asian Struggle for Freedom in Latin America and the Caribbean

(2007). From Slavery to Servitude: The African and Asian Struggle for Freedom in Latin America and the Caribbean. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 45-48.
THE CAPITALIZATION OF INSURANCE PREMIUMS IN HOUSE PRICES

This study uses Miami-Dade County, Florida home sales, and Citizens Property Insurance Corporation data for the period 2004 through 2009 to measure the capitalization effect of increases in premiums on house prices. Using hedonic pricing models, spatial autocorrelation models, and difference-in-differences models, we find that new information was conveyed to homeowners in the higher risk areas by the 2004/2005 storms and that consumers appear to use the insurance premium as a “risk signal.” We also find some support for the hypothesis that the risk of potential hurricane losses is communicated to potential homebuyers through windzone maps.
YBa2Cu3O7-x/Au/Nb device structures

Fabrication and testing of planar and edge geometry YBaCuO/Au/Nb superconductor/normal-metal/superconductor (SNS) device structures is described. Weak-link devices of this type serve as sensitive probes of the electrical quality of the YBaCuO/Au interface. The devices are fabricated using laser-ablated, in situ, c-axis-oriented YBaCuO thin films, with both annealed and unannealed YBaCuO/Au interfaces. The planar SNS structures are formed by sequential, in situ deposition of YBaCuO, Au, and Nb, followed by etching, planarization, and wiring electrode definition to produce junctions ranging from 5 to 20 micron on a side. Resulting RnA products are 1-10 x 10 to the -8th ohm-sq cm with critical current densities up to 5 kA/sq cm. For the edge geometry devices, the YBaCuO film edges are patterned using Ar ion milling, followed by a low energy ion cleaning step and in situ deposition of Au and Nb. Devices with areas in the 10 to the -7th to 10 to the -8th sq cm range have been fabricated with RnA products lower than 10 to the -8th ohm-sq cm and critical current densities up to 3kA/sq cm. Both types of devices show ac Josephson steps under microwave irradiation. The best results have been obtained with annealed YBaCuO/Au interfaces.
Mechanism of autophosphorylation of Escherichia coli nitrogen regulator II (NRII or NtrB): trans-phosphorylation between subunits.

Abstract Nitrogen regulator II (NRII or NtrB) is a homodimeric signal-transducing protein kinase/phosphatase responsible for the transcriptional regulation of the Ntr regulon in Escherichia coli. NRII is a member of a large family of proteins that are part of the related two-component signal transduction systems. We studied the mechanism of NRII autophosphorylation by using purified components. Alteration of the site of NRII autophosphorylation to asparagine (H-139-->N [H139N]) or deletion of the C-terminal 59 amino acids of NRII (ter291) resulted in proteins that were not autophosphorylated upon incubation with ATP. Alteration of glycine 313 to alanine resulted in a protein (G313A) that was phosphorylated to a lesser extent than the wild-type protein. Unlike wild-type NRII and H139N, G313A could not be efficiently cross-linked to [alpha-32P]ATP, suggesting that the G313A mutation affects nucleotide binding. Fusion of maltose-binding protein (MBP) to the N-terminal end of NRII resulted in a protein (MBP-NRII) that autophosphorylated normally. We developed a procedure for forming mixed dimers in vitro from these proteins. In mixed dimers consisting of MBP-NRII and H139N, only the MBP-NRII subunit is phosphorylated. In contrast, in mixed dimers consisting of MBP-NRII and G313A, phosphorylation is predominantly on the G313A subunit. We also demonstrated that the G313A and H139N proteins could complement for the autophosphorylation reaction when they were treated so as to permit the formation of mixed dimers and that the wild-type and H139N proteins could phosphorylate the ter291 protein. These results indicate that the autophosphorylation reaction occurs within the dimer by a trans, intersubunit mechanism in which one subunit binds ATP and phosphorylates the other subunit.
James M. Buchanan (1919

This essay is an entry into the 2005 Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers, where we detail the life and upbringing of James Buchanan. In doing so, we pay particular service to his academic development and contributions, which culminated in his winning the 1986 Nobel Prize in Economics