cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Benefits and Challenges of Linking Green Infrastructure and Highway Planning in the United States

Landscape-level green infrastructure creates a network of natural and semi-natural areas that protects and enhances ecosystem services, regenerative capacities, and ecological dynamism over long timeframes. It can also enhance quality of life and certain economic activity. Highways create a network for moving goods and services efficiently, enabling commerce, and improving mobility. A fundamentally profound conflict exists between transportation planning and green infrastructure planning because they both seek to create connected, functioning networks across the same landscapes and regions, but transportation networks, especially in the form of highways, fragment and disconnect green infrastructure networks. A key opportunity has emerged in the United States during the last ten years with the promotion of measures to link transportation and environmental concerns. In this article we examined the potential benefits and challenges of linking landscape-level green infrastructure planning and implementation with integrated transportation planning and highway project development in the United States policy context. This was done by establishing a conceptual model that identified logical flow lines from planning to implementation as well as the potential interconnectors between green infrastructure and highway infrastructure. We analyzed the relationship of these activities through literature review, policy analysis, and a case study of a suburban Maryland, USA landscape. We found that regionally developed and adopted green infrastructure plans can be instrumental in creating more responsive regional transportation plans and streamlining the project environmental review process while enabling better outcomes by enabling more targeted mitigation. In order for benefits to occur, however, landscape-scale green infrastructure assessments and plans must be in place before integrated transportation planning and highway project development occurs. It is in the transportation community’s interests to actively facilitate green infrastructure planning because it creates a more predictable environmental review context. On the other hand, for landscape-level green infrastructure, transportation planning and development is much more established and better funded and can provide a means of supporting green infrastructure planning and implementation, thereby enhancing conservation of ecological function.
Proteasome inhibitors: from research tools to drug candidates

The 26S proteasome is a 2.4 MDa multifunctional ATP-dependent proteolytic complex, which degrades the majority of cellular polypeptides by an unusual enzyme mechanism. Several groups of proteasome inhibitors have been developed and are now widely used as research tools to study the role of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway in various cellular processes, and two inhibitors are now in clinical trials for treatment of multiple cancers and stroke.
Disturbances of the transitional circulation: Spectrum of pulmonary hypertension and myocardial dysfunction

Thirteen neonates presented with central cyanosis due to right-to-left shunting across the foramen ovale or the ductus arteriosus or both. In three infants shunting occurred secondary to pulmonary vascular obstruction, presumably related to pulmonary vasospasm (persistence of the fetal or transitional circulation). In ten neonates right-to-left shunting was associated with eart failure; seven of these neonates had systemic hypotension.
Symmetric Formulation of the S-Procedure, Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov Lemma and Their Exact Losslessness Conditions

In the robust stability analysis of linear time invariant systems, the frequency domain and uncertainty domain of interest play algebraically symmetric roles. This paper presents a new formulation of the S-procedure and the KYP lemma which emphasizes this symmetry. The new formulation provides a novel and unified approach for understanding when the KYP lemma provides an exact LMI test for robust stability. The notions of weak and strong mutual losslessness are introduced to characterize lossless S-procedure and KYP lemma. The new formulation has sufficient flexibility to accommodate some recent extensions of the KYP lemma, including the Generalized KYP lemma, the KYP lemma for nD systems, and the diagonal bounded real lemma for internally positive systems. Using the proposed framework, we also provide a lossless scaled small gain test for internally positive systems which gives an alternative proof that the structured singular value for such systems with arbitrary number of scalar uncertainties can be efficiently computed.
Electrode-surface coordination chemistry: ligand substitution and competitive coordination of halides at well-defined Pd(100) and Pd(111) single crystals

Abstract Ligand (adsorbate) substitution (displacement) and competitive-coordination (chemisorption) reactions between chloride, bromide and iodide anions have been studied at well-defined Pd(100) and Pd(111) single-crystal electrode surfaces in aqueous solutions. Experiments involved: (i) pretreatment of the Pd( hkl ) surfaces with a full monolayer of one halide followed by exposure to a dilute aqueous solution of another halide, and (ii) exposure of a clean Pd( hkl ) electrode to a solution that contained a binary or ternary mixture of the halides. The resulting monolayers were then characterized by low-energy electron diffraction. Auger electron spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption. The results were as follows: (i) the subject halides were oxidatively chemisorbed to produce well-defined halogen adlattices. (ii) In the absence of the heavier halides, chloride ions were adsorbed to form Pd(100)-(2×2)-Cl and Pd(111)-(√3×√3) R30°-Cl. (iii) These were displaced, spontaneously, irreversibly and quantitatively, by bromide ions to yield Pd(100)-(2×2)-Br and Pd(111)-(√3×√3) R30°-Br. respectively. (iv) The latter, in turn, were spontaneously, irreversibly and quantitatively displaced by iodide to produce Pd(100)-c(2×2)-I and Pd(111)-(√3×√3) R30°-I. Only Pd(100)-(2×2)-Br and Pd(111)-(√3×√3) R30°-Br were produced when the electrodes were exposed to a solution that contained a mixture of Cl − and Br − . (vi) Only Pd(100)-c(2×2)-I and Pd(111)-(√3×√3) R30°-I were produced when the electrodes were immersed in a solution that consisted of all three halides. These results, consistent with the thermal desorption data, demonstrate that the interaction of the subject halides with Pd electrode surfaces closely follows the homogeneous coordination chemistry of halo-Pd complexes: the strength of chemisorption or surface coordination decreases in the order I − > Br − > Cl − .
Dynamic learning of automata from the call stack log for anomaly detection

Anomaly detection based on monitoring of sequences of system calls has proved to be an effective approach for detection of previously unknown attacks on programs. This paper describes a new model for profiling normal program behavior that can be used to detect intrusions that change application execution flow. The model (hybrid push down automaton, HPDA) incorporates call stack information and can be learned by dynamic analysis of training data captured from the call stack log. The learning algorithm uses call stack information maintained by the program to build a finite state automaton. When compared to other approaches including VtPath which also uses call stack information, the HPDA model produces a more compact and general representation of control flow, handles recursion naturally, can be learned with less training data, and has a lower false positive rate when used for anomaly detection. In addition, dynamic learning can also be used to supplement a model acquired from static analysis.
A slit-and -expanded aluminum-foil matrix solar collector

Abstract This paper proposes the use of porous matrices as the heat-absorbing media in air-cooled solar collectors. Because heat-transfer and fluid-friction data have been obtained on slit-and-expanded aluminum-foil matrices, this type is particularly discussed. Porous matrices absorb solar radiation in depth, and when arranged in a parallel-flow system, their upper surface areas are subjected to cool air, so that the upper losses are minimized. They also have high heat-transfer area/volume ratios. A matrix collector is also inexpensive and simple. An analysis of heat-transfer and fluid-friction characteristics of such a collector indicates an efficiency higher than that of flat-plate collectors, and friction losses that are much lower.
Persulfides and the cellular thiol landscape

The biochemistry of sulfur touches on every aspect of cellular biology, from protein structure and function to redox regulation to defense against chemical stress. Over the last decade, posttranslational modification of protein thiols by reactive oxygen or nitrogen species has emerged as a major component of signal transduction, leading to both regulatory and inflammatory responses. A variety of disease states may thus arise as a result of dysregulation in formation of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing messenger molecules or in modification of thiols. For this reason, the pathways, products, and effects of thiol, thiolate, and disulfide modification have been the subject of intense investigation. Understanding of the extent and impact of thiol modification and metabolism has advanced through observation of physiological effects, as well as by in vivo detection of sulfur-based mediators and downstream products. In PNAS, Ida et al. (1) describe a new mass spectrometric method to quantitate low molecular-weight persulfide (RSSH) and polysulfide content in cells and a proteomic/Tag-Switch assay to detect S-polythiolated protein adducts. Their findings suggest that persulfides and polysulfides are reactive species that not only must be included among sulfur-based moieties that regulate oxidative stress and redox signaling, but in fact may be major mediators in this regard.
Report Examines U.S. Federal Earth Science Education and Training Programs

A new report that looks at 25 U.S. federal Earth science education and training programs found that they provide a wide range of opportunities for students and the interested public and help prepare students for Earth science careers. However, the programs—which range from elementary school opportunities to postdoctoral fellowships—could benefit from better networking among the programs and from incorporating rigorous assessments to determine their success. According to the 9 August report issued by a committee of the U.S. National Research Council (NRC), Earth science education in general should improve the pathway to move students along from education to the workforce and should redouble efforts to attract and retain women and underrepresented minorities.
Cow milk fat interferes with prolactin radioimmunoassay.

Abstract The concentration of prolactin (PRL) in fat-free cows milk was one-third that of whole milk while the values were similar for milk from the goat. A number of experiments were performed to determine if PRL was present in cow milk fat. The results indicate that cow milk fat introduces an artifact in the double antibody PRL RIA which overestimates the amount of prolactin in whole cow milk.
Complication of therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

A 69-year-old man underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for the evaluation of suspected hilar cholangiocarcinoma in the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Cholangiography confirmed a hilar tight stricture. A 0.035-inch soft-tipped hydrophilic guidewire was advanced into the right intrahepatic biliary …
CMOS switched-current ladder filters

The design and implementation of switched-current (SI) ladder filters is described. The basic current-mode circuits, including the SI differential integrator/summer are developed. The SI integrator/summer is shown to be directly analogous to the switched-capacitor (SC) integrator/summer; thus, all the synthesis techniques developed for the design of SC filters can be used to synthesize SI filters. Signal flowgraph synthesis of SI ladder filters is presented. The nonideal characteristics of SI ladder filters that limit their accuracy are evaluated. Clock-feedthrough and device mismatch induced errors are more severe in the present SI circuit configurations than in SC circuits. A standard digital 2- mu m n-well CMOS process has been used to implement two high-order ladder filters. Simulations accurately predict the measured results of the first integrated SI filters. The area and power dissipation are comparable to those obtained with the switched-capacitor technique. >
Collapse and generation of ultrashort optical pulses in a nonlinear optical cavity

Summary form only given. Wave collapse or singularity formation in a finite time in the solution of nonlinear partial differential equations describing systems of dispersive waves is a striking and general phenomenon of nonlinear physics. The nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLS) is a universal model of weakly nonlinear wave evolution, and is known to lead to collapse when the dimensionality of the problem is at least two. Growth of amplitudes of collapsing waves is accompanied with dramatic contraction of the wave packet. In many cases the underlying physical system is dissipative so that it is natural to account for a source of energy. A generalized forced NLS (FNLS) that includes forcing and damping terms can be written in the form i(/spl delta//spl psi///spl delta/t)=b/spl psi/-/spl nabla//sup 2//spl psi/-|/spl psi/|/sup 2//spl psi/+E. Here b=b/sub r/+ib/sub i/ is a complex constant, E is real, and /spl nabla//sup 2/ operates in 1, 2 or 3 dimensions. When b=E=0 we regain the canonical NLS. The present work has been motivated by recent studies of three dimensional space-time focusing and structure formation in nonlinear optical cavities pumped by an external train of pulses.
Reduced volume of the putamen in REM sleep behavior disorder patients.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to quantify volumes of specific subcortical gray matter nuclei implicated in Parkinson’s disease (PD) as a preliminary step for identifying a non-invasive clinical biomarker for PD. We hypothesized that REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) patients, at risk for developing PD, will demonstrate a pattern of neuronal degeneration reflected in reduced striatal volumes on T1-weighted MRI. Methods We compared measures of RBD patients confirmed by polysomnography (PSG) with groups of age/gender-matched Control subjects and early PD (EPD) patients (Hoehn & Yahr Results The matched Control and EPD groups were statistically similar to the RBD group in age, gender, handedness, and total brain volumes. The RBD group had smaller bilateral putamen volumes (both raw and normalized by brain tissue volume), in addition to some clinical impairment on the UPDRS and PDQ-39. Conclusions Reduced putamen volumes may be a structural marker for RBD and reflect a pattern of neurodegeneration that predicts the development of PD.
Sidetrack and Recompletion Risks in Oil Fields VII Sidetrack and Production Modelling with Time

The decision to undertake a sidetrack well for an already producing oil field is not only dependent on the chances of it being successful and not killing the already producing well, or on the residual producible reserves and the costs of sidetrack, but also on the likely worth relative to the net worth without the sidetrack. This paper focuses on the aspect of the timing decision: when or whether it is worthwhile to undertake a sidetrack during the anticipated lifetime of a producing field. Models of oil production with time, selling price, costs and their temporal variations are incorporated into an Excel spreadsheet code in order to demonstrate how timing influences sidetrack worth. Two simple numerical models illustrate how the choice of different production models can alter decision-making. Furthermore, the examples studied also show how sidetrack worth is a function of the fraction of the residual estimated ultimate recoverable reserves (REUR) that can be lifted by the sidetrack.
Fault attacks on dual-rail encoded systems

Fault induction attacks are a serious concern for designers of secure embedded systems. An ideal solution would be a generic circuit transformation that would produce circuits that are robust against fault induction attacks. We develop a framework for analyzing the security of systems against single fault attacks and apply it to a recent proposed method (dual-rail encoding) for generically securing circuits against single fault attacks. Ultimately, we find that the method does not hold up under our threat models: n-bit cryptographic keys can be extracted from the device with roughly n trials. We conclude that secure designs should incorporate explicit countermeasures to either directly address or attempt to invalidate our threat models
Bombesin Stimulates Prolactin and Growth Hormone Release by Pituitary Cells in Culture

Bombesin (BBS) has been previously shown to stimulate the secretion of PRL and GH in steroid-primed rats. To determine whether these effects were mediated by the central nervous system or were due to direct action on the pituitary gland, we studied the interaction of BBS with GH4C1 cells, a clonal strain of rat pituitary cells which synthesizes and secretes PRL and GH. The addition of 100 nM BBS to GH4C1 cells for 60 min increased PRL release to 140 ± 3% of the control value (mean ± SE) and GH release to 133 ± 5% of the control value. Stimulation of hormone secretion was observed within 15 min of treatment with 100 nM BBS and continued for at least 2 h. Half-maximal stimulation of PRL release occurred with 0.5 nM BBS, and a maximal effect was observed with 10 nM peptide. The BBS analogs ranatensin, litorin, and [Tyr4]BBS, each at a concentration of 100 nM, caused the same stimulation of PRL release as maximal concentrations of BBS itself. BBS stimulated hormone release selectively in two of five different...
Analysis of arrays of microstrip half-width leaky wave antennas

The research described in this paper continues that work by analyzing two four-element arrays of microstrip half-width leaky wave antennas of different element lengths. The experimental results are compared with calculations made using the commercial software CST Microwave Studio.
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells: many subtypes, diverse functions

For decades, rods and cones were thought to be the only photoreceptors in the mammalian retina. However, a population of atypical photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) expresses the photopigment melanopsin and is intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs). These ipRGCs are crucial for relaying light information from the retina to the brain to control circadian photoentrainment, pupillary light reflex, and sleep. ipRGCs were initially described as a uniform population involved solely in signaling irradiance for non-image forming functions. Recent work, however, has uncovered that ipRGCs are unexpectedly diverse at the molecular, cellular and functional levels, and could even be involved in image formation. This review summarizes our current understanding of the diversity of ipRGCs and their various roles in modulating behavior.
Introduction to Global Engineering: Use of Standards and Cultural Differences

This paper describes how selected engineering standards may be used to introduce students to engineering aspects of the business environment in global manufacturing. Background of the need for inclusion of global aspects of various engineering and technical cultures in engineering curriculum is included. Also mentioned are results of surveys on various impediments to successful international level business collaborations, and within multinational companies. In the course described in this paper, teaching Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) standards, their meaning and applications is based on the current ASME Y14.5 standard. Some aspects of its international counterpart, set of ISO standards, are also taught. Where appropriate, examples of common practices from selected countries and their national standards are included as well. Additionally, cultural and historic differences in matters as basic as writing numbers, abbreviations and engineering symbols, as well as some most poignant differences in common nomenclature and drafting assumptions are also addressed. Selected topics of assumptions (things that are not written on engineering print yet universally or locally understood) are also covered.
Transmitter for Telemetry of Biological Data from Birds in Flight

This paper describes a light weight, rugged, frequency modulated high frequency (HF) transmitter designed for telemetering biological data from birds in flight. The transmitter, including the batteries, weighs 36 grams, operates at 230 mc, produces 3 milliwatts of power, measures 3 inches in length and 1.25 inches in diameter, and has a range of 0.5 mile. It can be carried by pigeons and birds of larger size.
Toward Optimal Transport Networks

Strictly evolutionary approaches to improving the air transport system a highly complex network of interacting systems no longer suffice in the face of demand that is projected to double or triple in the near future. Thus evolutionary approaches should be augmented with active design methods. The ability to actively design, optimize and control a system presupposes the existence of predictive modeling and reasonably well-defined functional dependences between the controllable variables of the system and objective and constraint functions for optimization. Following recent advances in the studies of the effects of network topology structure on dynamics, we investigate the performance of dynamic processes on transport networks as a function of the first nontrivial eigenvalue of the network's Laplacian, which, in turn, is a function of the network s connectivity and modularity. The last two characteristics can be controlled and tuned via optimization. We consider design optimization problem formulations. We have developed a flexible simulation of network topology coupled with flows on the network for use as a platform for computational experiments.
Lessons from Comparing the Two Southwests: Southwest China and Northwest New Spain/Southwest US

I compare and contrast two "southwestern"" frontiers: the southwestern United States. long northeast New Spain (short hand: New Mexico) and southwest China (short hand: Yunnan). Both have been. and even today remain. frontier zones. In the 2]51 century both are also important borderlands for two of the most important players in the modern world-system. the United States and China. They share a historical orientation to the areas outside of the two states into which they were ultimately incorporated. Both brought a great deal of new practices and ideas into the incorporating states. They serve to give deep historical backgrounds which put discussions of contemporary globalization in perspective. This comparison also makes clear that the concepts of nation-state and precise borders are typically modern and that setting precise borders is a continuing project. even while borderlands remain. like the frontiers that preceded them. frontier zones. These comparisons may also yield insights into world-system expansion and incorporation.
Aortic Sinus of Valsalva-Pulmonary Artery Fistula; Diagnosis and Management

Aortic sinus of Valsalva-pulmonary artery fistula of nonlnetic etiology is an extremely rare lesion. An aortic sinus aneurysm which ruptured into the pulmonary artery was correctly diagnosed and surgically corrected without causing injury to the aortic or pulmonary valve. Because of the grave prognosis of an untreated aortocardiac fistula, the patient with the clinical syndrome suggesting this lesion should be completely evaluated and undergo surgical correction without delay, once the diagnosis is established. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a successful surgical correction of this rare cardiac lesion.
Reinforcing effects of psychostimulants in humans are associated with increases in brain dopamine and occupancy of D(2) receptors.

Increases in dopamine concentration in limbic brain regions have been postulated to underlie the reinforcing effects of psychostimulant drugs in laboratory animals. However, neither the qualitative nor the quantitative relationship between drug-induced increases in brain dopamine and the reinforcing effects of psychostimulant drugs have been investigated in humans. Positron emission tomograph and [(11)C]raclopride, a dopamine D(2) receptor radioligand that competes with endogenous dopamine for occupancy of the D(2) receptors, were used to measure changes in brain dopamine after different doses of i.v. methylphenidate in 14 healthy controls. In parallel, measures for self-reports of drug effects were obtained to assess their relationship to methylphenidate-induced changes in brain dopamine. The intensity of the "high" induced by methylphenidate was significantly correlated with the levels of released dopamine (r = 0.78, p <.001); subjects having the greatest increases were those who perceived the most intense high. This relationship remained significant after partialing out for dose and concentration of methylphenidate in plasma. Furthermore, subjects for whom methylphenidate did not increase dopamine did not perceive a high. These results represent the first clear demonstration that stimulant-induced high, a mood descriptor that reflects reinforcing effects of drugs in humans, is associated with increases in brain dopamine, and also that there is a quantitative relationship between levels of D(2) receptor occupancy by dopamine and the intensity of the high.
Hippocratic Abbreviation Expansion

Incorrect normalization of text can be particularly damaging for applications like text-to-speech synthesis (TTS) or typing auto-correction, where the resulting normalization is directly presented to the user, versus feeding downstream applications. In this paper, we focus on abbreviation expansion for TTS, which requires a “do no harm”, high precision approach yielding few expansion errors at the cost of leaving relatively many abbreviations unexpanded. In the context of a largescale, real-world TTS scenario, we present methods for training classifiers to establish whether a particular expansion is apt. We achieve a large increase in correct abbreviation expansion when combined with the baseline text normalization component of the TTS system, together with a substantial reduction in incorrect expansions.
Short Communication : Effect of Storage Temperature on the Solubility of Milk Protein Concentrate 80 (MPC80) Treated with NaCL or KCL

A previous study in our laboratory showed that addition of 150 mM NaCl or KCl into diafiltration water improved the solubility of freshly made milk protein concentrate 80 (MPC80). In the present study, the objectives were (1) to evaluate the solubility of NaCl- or KCl-treated MPC80 samples kept at varying temperatures and then stored for extensive periods at room temperature (21 °C ± 1 °C); and (2) to determine if MPC80 samples stored at different temperatures and protein conformation can be grouped or categorized together. Freshly manufactured MPC80 samples were untreated (control), processed with NaCl, or processed with KCl. One set of sample bags was stored at 4 °C; second and third sets of bags were kept at 25 °C and 55 °C for 1 mo (31 d) and then transferred to room temperature (21 °C ± 1 °C) storage conditions for 1 yr (365 d). Samples were tested for nitrogen solubility index (NSI) and for protein changes by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Analysis of variance results for NSI showed 2 significantly different groupings of MPC80 samples. The more soluble group contained samples treated with NaCl or KCl and stored at either 4 °C or 25 °C. These samples had mean NSI >97.5%. The less soluble groups contained all control samples, regardless of storage temperature, and NaCl- or KCl-treated samples stored at 55 °C. These samples had mean NSI from 39.5 to 58%. Within each of these groups (more soluble and less soluble), no significant differences in solubility were detected. Pattern recognition analysis by soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) was used to assess protein changes during storage by monitoring the amide I and amide II (1,700(-1) to 1,300 cm(-1)) regions. Dominant bands were observed at 1,385 cm(-1) for control, 1,551 cm(-1) for KCl-treated samples, and 1,694 cm(-1) for NaCl-treated samples. Moreover, SIMCA clustered the MPC80 samples stored at 4 °C separately from samples stored at 25 °C and 55 °C. This study demonstrates that (1) the addition of NaCl or KCl during MPC80 manufacture reduces the deleterious changes in solubility upon prolonged storage at 4 °C or 25 °C, and (2) the solubility of samples stored at 55 °C is poor irrespective of salt treatment.
Virgil and Sannazaro's ekphrastic vision

If the Neapolitan humanist Jacopo Sannazaro (1458-1530) receives any recognition in scholarly circles these days, it is usually for his Arcadia, an elaborate pastoral in twelve books, each combining prose and verse, that forms one of the most important links between the work of Petrarch, its inspiration, and that of Sir Philip Sidney. The Arcadia, published first authoritatively in 1504, is written in Italian, as are the hundred or so surviving Rime (songs and sonnets), largely products of the last decade of the fifteenth century. But Sannazaro was also a prolific writer in Latin. It is a question worth asking why, after the success of his vernacular magnum opus, he opted to use primarily a classical language for the major poetry that occupied his attention for the opening decades of the subsequent century. Perhaps a confirmation of his allegiance to Christian humanism is one reason. Perhaps also it was his devotion to Virgil whose three great works provided him with the most telling impetus for his own achievements in the Augustan poet's tongue.
Coordination chemistry with f-element complexes for an improved understanding of factors that contribute to extraction selectivity

Here, we highlight some recent accomplishments in f-element coordination chemistry aimed at probing the fundamental chemical differences between the 4f elements, lanthanides, and the 5f elements, actinides. The studies of particular interest are those that target improving our knowledge of fundamental chemistry to aid in increased selectivity for extractions of actinides. Two components key to understanding the challenges of actinide separations are detailed here, namely, previously described separation methods and recent investigations into the fundamental coordination chemistry of actinides. Both are aimed at probing the critical features necessary for improved selectivity of separations. This is considered a critical goal in the safe remediation of contaminated sites and reprocessing of nuclear fuel sources used in either civilian and noncivilian energy production.
How Harmful Is Unrestricted Immigration

Overall, this study concludes that the empirical case against open borders is overstated. The analysis does find overcrowding of housing and schools and a higher burglary rate for all three cities. In Miami only, migration also appears to have led to more homicides, racial violence, and ethnic voting. Overcrowding eventually dissipated over time, however, as municipalities built more schools and apartments for the newcomers. Burglaries did increase, but many of the victims were probably the immigrants themselves. Ethnic scapegoating lies at the root of ethnic voting and racial violence. The many additional murders in Miami arguably represent an atypical case of a sending country deliberately inducing the emigration of violent criminals. With the exception of crime, then, any significant effects from large-scale immigration seem manageable.
Techno-economic analysis of three different substrate removal and reuse strategies for III-V solar cells: Techno-economic analysis for III-V solar cells

The high cost of wafers suitable for epitaxial deposition of III-V solar cells has been a primary barrier to widespread use of these cells in low-concentration and one-sun terrestrial solar applications. A possible solution is to reuse the substrate many times, thus spreading its cost across many cells. We performed a bottom-up techno-economic analysis of three different strategies for substrate reuse in high-volume manufacturing: epitaxial lift-off, spalling, and the use of a porous germanium release layer. The analysis shows that the potential cost reduction resulting from substrate reuse is limited in all three strategies––not by the number of reuse cycles achievable, but by the costs that are incurred in each cycle to prepare the substrate for another epitaxial deposition. The dominant substrate-preparation cost component is different for each of the three strategies, and the cost-ranking of these strategies is subject to change if future developments substantially reduce the cost of epitaxial deposition. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of the Electric Power System's Security Monitoring System Based on Classified Protection

With the construction and development of the electric power informatization,electric power enterprise has established the basic information security protection system,take a lot of security measures,its increasingly important for security monitoring and management.According to GB/T 22239-2008 and baseline for classified protection of power industry information system,the framework of electric power information security protection monitoring system based on classified protection is presented,and security event correlation analysis rules are designed in this paper.Using the electric power system's security monitoring system,security events can be quickly and accurately locate and enhance emergency handling ability of the electric power system security protection system.
ATP and calcium modulation of nonselective cation channels in IMCD cells.

The mIMCD-3 cell line, developed from simian virus 40 transformed mice, was grown on coverslips for single-channel analysis of the apical membrane. An amiloride-sensitive nonselective cation channe...
Classification of diabetic foot infections

The treatment of diabetic foot ulcers is first determined by the presence or absence of infection. Whereas noninfected ulcers typically respond to pressure relief and debridement, the treatment of infected ulcers depends on the degree of systemic involvement and the type and number of invading pathogens. This is the basis of the new classification system proposed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and briefly described herein. The full report should be available later this year in Clinical Infectious Diseases.
Abstract 4786: Integrated high-throughput screen to identify treatment leads for pediatric AML

While dramatic improvements in survival have been achieved for children and adolescents with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), some subtypes are associated with event free survival of 8000 compounds. Compounds with >50% activity (N = 285) in the primary screen and known clinical candidates were prioritized for a secondary HTS performed in a dose-response manner (10 point curve, 0-10μM). Screening was performed using a 348-well plate format and a Biomek automation workstation for drug delivery. At 72 h cell viability was determined using Cell Titer Glo and automated Envision plate reader. Multiple drug classes had broad activity including: anti-malarials, cytotoxics (antimicrotubules, purine/pyrimidine antimetabolites, floxuridine, trimetrexate, topoI/II inhibitors), epigenetic modifiers (BET, DNMT and HDAC inhibitors), and agents targeting Bcl-2, Chk1, Parp, Hsp90, NF-eB, NAMPT, p53, proteasome, and Wee1. We validated 13 compounds from select drug classes (artesunate, cytarabine, gemcitabine, cabazitaxel, depsipeptide, panobinostat, vorinostat, ABT-199, RG117, bortezomib, carfilizomab, BMN673, MK-1775) using primary blast samples representing 3 high-risk groups (FLT3-ITD-positive, MLL-rearranged, FAB M7). Given the broad activity of gemcitabine and cabazitaxel across AML subtypes and the ability for repurposing in childhood AML, we further evaluated these agents alone and in combination in vitro. After 72h exposure, cabazitaxel was a potent inhibitor of viability in AML cell lines (IC50, 3-11nM) and primary blast samples (IC50, 3.4nM to >10μM); gemcitabine had similar activity (IC50, 3-62nM and 102nM to >10μM, respectively). The combination was evaluated using continuous and sequential administration schedules for up to 72h of treatment in several cell lines; simultaneous treatments were synergistic (CI, 0.2-0.45) and sequential treatments were additive to synergistic (CI, 0.82-0.95). Tolerable combination regimens were identified in NSG mice (5mg/kg cabazitaxel + 50mg/kg gemcitabine q3d x 4 weeks or q4d x 3 weeks) and efficacy studies in AML xenografts and primagrafts are ongoing. Further studies will aim to determine the underlying mechanisms of AML sensitivity to gemcitabine, cabazitaxel, and the combination. Our comprehensive approach to identify treatment leads provide advances in understanding the biology of a heterogeneous disease and development of novel treatment strategies with potential clinical benefit for pediatric AML. Citation Format: Christina D. Drenberg, Anang Shelat, Shelley J. Orwick, Hiroto Inaba, Raul C. Ribeiro, Jeffrey E. Rubnitz, Tanja A. Gruber, R K. Guy, Sharyn D. Baker. Integrated high-throughput screen to identify treatment leads for pediatric AML. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4786.
Quantum Transport: Atom to Transistor: Atom to transistor

In Chapter 1, I used the generic structure shown in Fig. 11.1.1a (see Section 11.1.1) to focus and motivate this book. We spent Chapters 2 through 7 understanding how to write down a Hamiltonian matrix [ H 0 ] for the active region of the transistor structure whose eigenvalues describe the allowed energy levels (see Fig. 11.1.1b). In Chapter 8, I introduced the broadening [Г 1 ] and [Г 2 ] arising from the connection to the source and drain contacts. In Chapter 9, I introduced the concepts needed to model the flow of electrons, neglecting phase-breaking processes. In Chapter 10 we discussed the nature and meaning of phase-breaking processes, and how the resulting inflow and outflow of electrons is incorporated into a transport model. We now have the full “machinery” needed to describe dissipative quantum transport within the self-consistent field model (discussed in Chapter 3) which treats each electron as an independent particle moving in an average potential U due to the other electrons. I should mention, however, that this independent electron model misses what are referred to as “strong correlation effects” (see Section 1.5) which are still poorly understood. To what extent such effects can be incorporated into this model remains to be explored (see Appendix, Section A.5). My purpose in this chapter is to summarize the machinery we have developed (Section 11.1) and illustrate how it is applied to concrete problems. I believe these examples will be useful as a starting point for readers who wish to use it to solve other problems of their own.
PLANNING FOR SILVER REQUIREMENTS

ABSTRACT This paper is intended to provide some insight into planning for silver related activities by first examining some major supply, demand, and stock issues which are likely to influence the silver market in the 1980s. Following that are some specific ideas on planning for silver and other material requirements to reduce costs and increase profits.
A Review on the Sex Differences in Organ and System Pathology with Alcohol Drinking

Hazardous consequences of alcohol consumption adversely influence overall health, specifically physical and mental health. Differences in alcohol consumption and manifestations in pathology have been observed between males and females, however research on understanding these differences is limited. Negative consequences of alcohol consumption have now been studied including sex as a significant factor. Some studies have shown differences in the severity of consequences of alcohol consumption between the sexes, both in the mental consequences and changes/ injury in various organ systems. Over time, reports in females on both the dynamics of drinking and on the hazardous consequences of alcohol consumption have grown, primarily because of more awareness, better observation, and the inclusion of sex as a factor in scientific investigations. This paper reviews role of sex differences in pathophysiological and behavioral consequences of alcohol drinking.
Signaling Versus Free Cash Flow Theory: What Does Earnings Management Reveal About Dividend Initiation?:

We examine earnings manipulation via discretionary accruals and real earnings management prior to the release of cash reserves back to shareholders. Previous research indicates that firms manage ea...
Adaptive statistics in Oracle 12c

Database Management Systems (DBMS) continue to be the foundation of mission critical applications, both OLTP and Analytics. They provide a safe, reliable and efficient platform to store and retrieve data. SQL is the lingua franca of the database world. A database developer writes a SQL statement to specify data sources and express the desired result and the DBMS will figure out the most efficient way to implement it. The query optimizer is the component in a DBMS responsible for finding the best execution plan for a given SQL statement based on statistics, access structures, location, and format. At the center of a query optimizer is a cost model that consumes the above information and helps the optimizer make decisions related to query transformations, join order, join methods, access paths, and data movement.The final execution plan produced by the query optimizer depends on the quality of information used by the cost model, as well as the sophistication of the cost model. In addition to statistics about the data, the cost model also relies on statistics generated internally for intermediate results, e.g. size of the output of a join operation. This paper presents the problems caused by incorrect statistics of intermediate results, survey the existing solutions and present our solution introduced in Oracle 12c. The solution includes validating the generated statistics using table data and via the automatic creation of auxiliary statistics structures. We limit the overhead of the additional work by confining their use to cases where it matters the most, caching the computed statistics, and using table samples. The statistics management is automated. We demonstrate the benefits of our approach based on experiments using two SQL workloads, a benchmark that uses data from the Internal Movie Data Base (IMDB) and a real customer workload.
Ribosomal Proteins from Rabbit Reticulocytes: Numbers, Molecular Weights, Relative Amounts and Phosphorylation by Protein Kinases

The ribosomal proteins from the 40S and 60S subunits of rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes have been analyzed by 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Seventy-one proteins, 32 in the 40S subunit and 39 in the 60S subunit, were identified. Molecular weights for each protein were determined. Analysis of this data suggests that the ribosomal particles are homogeneous in protein composition. Four protein kinase activities were purified from the supernatant fraction. Three of these had similar substrate specificity with respect to histone, casein and ribosomal proteins. A fourth enzyme, specific for casein, was shown to phosphorylate different ribosomal proteins than the other three enzymes. The protein bands serving as substrates for the protein kinases were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Two proteins from the 40S subunit and nine from the 60S subunit were substrates for the protein kinases.
Once More, with Feeling: The 'Tax Cuts and Jobs' Act and the Original Intent of Subpart F

For the first time since 1913, Congress is considering abandoning the principle that US residents should be subject to tax on all income “from whatever source derived.” Specifically, the House proposed tax reform legislation, the so-called “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”, would completely exempt from US taxation dividends from “Controlled Foreign Corporations”. This is therefore a good occasion for considering the reasons we tax such dividends in the first place. In the course of investigating the Stanley Surrey papers at the Harvard Law School Library, we discovered a remarkable report that support the view that the main impetus behind Subpart F was to protect the U.S. corporate tax base. The report explains some of the problems encountered by the IRS in the international arena, and goes on to recommend limits on deferral. By doing so, it sheds some light on the “original intent” of Subpart F and its relation to territoriality. Finally, the paper explains why the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act international provisions would do little to prevent the kind of profit shifting that Subpart F was enacted to prevent and recommends to return to the original intent of Subpart F and subject foreign income to the same rate as domestic income.
Stromal cell-laden 3D hydrogel microwell arrays as tumor microenvironment model for studying stiffness dependent stromal cell-cancer interactions.

Abstract Tumor properties such as growth and metastasis are dramatically dependent on the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the diversity of the TME including the stiffness and the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as the involvement of stromal cells , makes it extremely difficult to establish proper in vitro models for studying tumor growth and metastasis. In this research, we fabricated a stromal cell-laden microwell array system with tunable stiffness ranging from 200 Pa up to 3 kPa, which covers the stiffness range of normal and cancerous mammary tissues, to study the effect of ECM stiffness on stromal-cancer interaction. Our results showed that, tumor spheroids closely interacted with the pre-adipocyte stromal cells encapsulated within the microwell array, influencing their differentiation and maturation degree in a stiffness related manner. They inhibited adipogenesis in high stiffness tissue constructs that were at breast cancer stiffness range, while the inhibition effect diminished in the low stiffness tissue constructs that were at normal human breast tissue range. Furthermore, the 3D structure of tumor spheroids was shown to be important for the inhibition of the adipogenesis, as conditioned media from monolayer culture of cancer cells did not show any significant effect. These results show, for the first time in literature, that stromal-cancer interactions are highly dependent on ECM stiffness. The biomimetic TME platform developed here is a powerful organ-specific cancer model for studying the involvement of stromal cells in early mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis, and could be powerful platform for high-throughput drug discovery.
Paternity Leave‐Taking and Father Engagement

Evidence suggests that paternity leave-taking is associated with higher levels of father involvement, but research has been limited in its focus on cross-sectional analyses and indicators of father involvement used. This study utilizes national longitudinal data to examine whether paternity leave-taking is associated with two indicators of father engagement when children are infants, whether paternity leave-taking is associated with trajectories of father engagement during the first few years of a child's life, and whether the relationships between paternity leave and father engagement are explained by fathering commitments and attitudes. Results suggest that longer periods of leave are associated with more frequent engagement in developmental tasks and caretaking when children are infants as well as during the first few years of children's lives. There is also evidence that father attitudes partially explain the relationships between length of paternity leave and father engagement.