cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
2Deep: Enhancing Side-Channel Attacks on Lattice-Based Key-Exchange via 2-D Deep Learning

Advancements in quantum computing present a security threat to classical cryptography algorithms. Lattice-based key exchange protocols show strong promise due to their resistance to theoretical quantum-cryptanalysis and low implementation overhead. By contrast, their physical implementations have shown vulnerability against side-channel attacks (SCAs) even with a single power measurement. The state-of-the-art SCAs are, however, limited to simple, sequentialized executions of post-quantum key-exchange (PQKE) protocols, leaving the vulnerability of complex, parallelized architectures unknown. This article proposes 2Deep—a deep-learning (DL)-based SCA—targeting parallelized implementations of PQKE protocols, namely, Frodo and NewHope with data augmentation techniques. Specifically, we explore approaches that convert 1-D time-series power measurement data into 2-D images to formulate SCA an image recognition task. The results show our attack’s superiority over conventional techniques including horizontal differential power analysis (DPA), template attacks (TAs), and straightforward DL approaches. We demonstrate improvements up to $1.5\times $ to recover a 100% success rate compared to DL with 1-D input data while using fewer data. We furthermore show that machine learning improves the results up to $1.25\times $ compared to TAs. Furthermore, we perform cross-device attacks that obtain profiles from a single device, which has never been explored. Our 2-D approach is especially favored in this setting, improving the success rate of attacking Frodo from 20% to 99% compared to the 1-D approach. Our work thus urges countermeasures even on parallel architectures and single-trace attacks.
Do Volatile Firms Pay Volatile Earnings? Evidence from Linked Worker-Firm Data

Despite the importance of earnings instability, little is known about its correlates or causes. This article seeks to better understand earnings instability by studying whether volatile firms pay volatile earnings and is the first to directly test the relationship using US linked employer–employee data. The article finds a positive and statistically significant relationship using within-firm variation. In addition, this article finds that lower earning workers are passed significantly more volatility from their employing firms than are higher earning workers.
Silicon photonic integrated circuit for co-packaging with switch ASIC

Data center IP traffic is doubling every 2.5 years, driving the need to scale connectivity bandwidth on a similar cadence. At higher data rates the electrical link reach shrinks but energy efficiency does not improve significantly. Co-packaging optics close to ASICs enables data throughput scaling by reducing the SERDES power and hence overall power due to shorter electrical channels. Despite the advantages, co-packaging optics next to electronics can be challenging. This paper reviews Intel’s advancements in demonstrating industry’s first fully operational Silicon Photonic integrated circuit co-packaged with switch ASICs, describing in detail component level, integrated photonic integrated circuit (PIC) level, and transceiver module level design and performance.
Antioxidants Associated With Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Infection in Women.

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major cause of cervical cancer. Studies showed the onset of HPV carcinogenesis may be induced by oxidative stress affecting the host immune system. The association between antioxidants and oncogenic HPV remains unclear. In this study, we aim to identify antioxidants associated with vaginal HPV infection in women. Methods The associations between the 15 antioxidants and vaginal HPV infection status (no, low-risk, and high-risk HPV [LR- and HR-HPV]) were evaluated using 11,070 women who participated in the 2003-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Results We identified serum albumin and four dietary antioxidants (vitamin-A, -B2, -E, and folate) inversely associated with HR-HPV infection. Women with a low level of albumin (≤39 g/L) have a significantly higher risk of HR-HPV (OR=1.4, p=0.009 vs. >44 g/L). A nutritional antioxidant score (NAS) was developed based on these four dietary antioxidants. The women with the lowest quartile NAS had a higher chance of HR-HPV (OR=1.3, p=0.030) and LR-HPV (OR=1.4, p=0.002) compared with the women with the highest quartile NAS. Conclusions We identified five antioxidants negatively associated with vaginal HR-HPV infection in women. Our findings provide valuable insights into understanding antioxidants' impact on HPV carcinogenesis.
This Is My Body: A Reflection on Medical and Spiritual Distancing During the COVID19 Pandemic

As sentient beings and as patients, clinicians, and Catholics, we long for touch and union. With COVID19, the distancing inherent during the pandemic manifests itself in medical and spiritual ways as we yearn to connect with our patients, our physicians, and the Eucharist. Summary: As sentient beings and as patients, clinicians, and Catholics, we long for touch and union. With COVID19, the distancing inherent during the pandemic manifests itself in medical and spiritual ways as we yearn to connect with our patients, our physicians, and the Eucharist. COVID19 distancing manifests in medical & spiritual ways as we yearn to connect with our patients, our physicians, and the Eucharist. © Catholic Medical Association 2021.
For the love of music: Changing Whites’ stereotypes of Asians with mediated intergroup musical contact

This study examined whether stereotypes of warmth and competence can be changed through exposure to outgroup musical behavior. We hypothesized that exposure to an outgroup musician would result in ...
Exponential Dichotomy and Bounded Solutions of Differential Equations in the Fréchet Space

We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of bounded solutions of linear differential equations in the Frechet space. The solutions are constructed with the use of a strong generalized inverse operator.
The effects of the static and dynamic screening depending on the excitation aperture size and excitation level in photoconductive THz sources

We investigate the effects of static screening caused by the generation of electron hole-pairs and the dynamic screening due to the back action of the THz radiation by the transient photocurrent as a function of excitation aperture size and excitation level in the generation of THz radiation from photoconductor.
Self adapting limiter

A RF photonic link selectively attenuates strong interference components in a composite RF signal while passing the weaker desired frequency components. This self-adapting limiter makes use of seeded stimulated brillouin scattering in the optical fiber and covers a wide range of interference and signal frequencies.
Isolation and characterization of a temperate bacteriophage specific for Rhodopseudomonas spheroides.

Abstract The isolation of a temperature phage specific for the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas spheroides is reported. This phage, R-1, establishes a state of lysogeny and can be induced from the prophage state by exposure to mitomycin C or UV irradiation. Mutants of R-1 which grow on a standard laboratory strain (2.4.1) of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides were isolated. Although the original R-1 isolated was chloroform sensitive, the mutant which plates on strain 2.4.1 is chloroform resistant. R-1 does not grow on closely related bacteria, such as Rhodopseudomonas palustris or Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. R-1 mutants forms plaques with the same efficiency whether the plates are incubated under aerobic conditions in the dark or under anaerobic conditions in the light (phototropic conditions).
Prostate-specific antigen: characterization of epitopes by synthetic peptide mapping and inhibition studies.

To improve our understanding of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) antigenic regions, we studied the association targets of one anti-PSA polyclonal antibody and 10 anti-PSA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We also examined the ability of the mAbs to inhibit PSA enzymatic activity and block the association of PSA with α 1 -antichymotrypsin (ACT). Linear epitope mapping with a polyclonal antibody indicated the presence of six major antigenic regions in PSA. Examination of the panel of mAbs established that three of them bind to linear epitopes. Five of the mAbs inhibited >90% of PSA enzymatic activity. However, inhibition of PSA enzymatic activity and hindrance of PSA-ACT association by mAbs cannot be used to predict whether the mAbs bind to free PSA, the PSA-ACT complex, or both. Some of the mAbs may block PSA-ACT association through peripheral occlusion of the binding site, or through induction of conformational changes in PSA.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease across ethno-racial groups: do Asian-American adults represent a new at-risk population?

Background and Aim: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly common worldwide. We explored clinical, laboratory, and histological features of NAFLD as well as risk factors for histologically advanced disease among under-represented ethno-racial groups. Methods: Patient records from one NAFLD clinic in California from 1998–2008 were reviewed. Biopsies were graded using Brunt criteria by a hepatopathologist blinded to clinical data. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess associations between ethno-racial group and histological severity of NAFLD, while controlling for other factors. Results: We identified 90 biopsy-proven cases of NAFLD. Mean age was 49 years (standard deviation [SD] = 11.6), and half were female. 52% of patients were Caucasian, 20% Latino-American, 18% Asian-American, and 10% Middle Eastern-American. There were significant differences among groups with respect to age, weight, body mass index (BMI), and grade of hepatic steatosis (all P 2) steatosis (OR 3.83, P = 0.08) and severe inflammation (OR 5.42, P = 0.06). Conclusions: The findings from this ethno-racially diverse clinic-based cohort are consistent with prior studies and also suggest that Asian-Americans may be at risk for advanced NAFLD. This may have implications for the prevention, evaluation, and treatment of patients with NAFLD that merit further study.
"No Child Left Behind": Implications for School Counselors

In this qualitative study, 210 school counselors responded to a Web-based national survey exploring the effects of the No Child Left Behind legislation. They described how much they knew about the legislation, outlined the positive and negative effects of the legislation on their school counseling programs, and detailed their role in the testing process. Implications for school counselors in light of these findings are discussed.
Neonatal Sucking Behavior

A quick method using structured visual observation of infant sucking is described and validated by videotape comparison. Correlation between the two methods was highly significant, suggesting that structured visual observation may aid the clinician to quickly determine infant feeding performance. Such information may be helpful when assistance with feeding is needed.
The intermediary cell: Minor-vein anatomy and raffinose oligosaccharide synthesis in the Scrophulariaceae

Minor-vein anatomy, sugar content, sugar synthesis, and translocation were studied in mature leaves of nine members of the Scrophulariaceae to determine if there is a correlation between companion-cell type and class of sugar translocated. Three types of companion cell were found: intermediary cells with extensive plasmodesmatal connections to the bundle sheath; transfer cells with wall ingrowths and few plasmodesmata; and ‘ordinary’ companion cells with few plasmodesmata and no wall ingrowths. Alonsoa warscewiczii Regal., Verbascum chaixi Vill., and Mimulus cardinalis Dougl. ex. Benth. have intermediary cells and ordinary companion cells in the minor veins. These plants synthesize large amounts of raffinose and stachyose as well as sucrose. Nemesia strumosa Benth., and Rhodochiton atrosanguineum Zucc. have both intermediary cells and transfer cells and make proportionately less raffinose oligosaccharide than the species above. In N. strumosa, a single sieve element may abut both an intermediary cell and a transfer cell. The minor veins of Asarina scandens (Cav.) Penn. have transfer cells and what appear to be modified intermediary cells that have fewer plasmodesmata than other species, and occasional wall ingrowths. Asarina scandens synthesizes little raffinose or stachyose. Cymbalaria muralis P. Gaertn et al. and Linaria maroccana Hook.f. have only transfer cells and Digitalis grandiflora Mill. has only ordinary companion cells; these species make a trace of galactinol and raffinose, but no stachyose. Translocation experiments indicate that there is long-distance movement of raffinose oligosaccharide in these plants, even when it is synthesized in very small quantities in the leaves. We conclude that intermediary cells are as distinct a cell type as the transfer cell. In contrast to transfer cells, which are specialized for uptake of solute from the apoplast, intermediary cells are specialized for symplastic transfer of photoassimilate from the mesophyll and for synthesis of raffinose oligosaccharide. This supports our contention that raffinose oligosaccharide synthesis and symplastic phloem loading are mechanistically linked (Turgeon and Gowan 1990, Plant Physiol. 94, 1244–1249). Minor-vein anatomy and sugar synthesis may be useful characters in determining the phylogenetic relationships of plants in this family.
Generalized Semi-Markov Processes: Antimatroid Structure and Second-Order Properties

A generalized semi-Markov scheme models the structure of a discrete event system, such as a network of queues. By studying combinatorial and geometric representations of schemes we find conditions for second-order properties-convexity/concavity, sub/supermodularity-of their event epochs and event counting processes. A scheme generates a language of feasible strings of events. We show that monotonicity of the event epochs is equivalent to this language forming an antimatroid with repetition. This connection gives rise to a rich combinatorial structure, and serves as a starting point for other properties. For example, by strengthening the antimatroid condition we give several equivalent characterizations of the convexity of event epochs within a scheme. All of these correspond, in slightly different ways, to making a certain score space a lattice, to closing an ordinary antimatroid under intersections. We also establish second-order properties across schemes tied together through a synchronization mechanism. A geometric view based on the score space facilitates verification of these properties in certain queueing systems.
Prompt-Gamma Activation Analysis.

1Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
Photonic neural networks and learning machines

Photonic implementations of neural networks, which use electronics to furnish gain and implement neural transfer functions and establish weighted connections between neutrons using incoherent light, are discussed. Fully or partially optical implementations incorporate coherent light and volume or planar holograms to establish interconnection weights, and spatial light modulators to implement neural transfer functions. The implementation of learning algorithms on optoelectronic neural networks is also discussed. >
Differential response of mitochondrial and glyoxysomal citrate synthase to ATP.

Abstract Citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7) in glyoxysomes and mitochondria from endosperms of 4-day-old castor bean seedlings was examined for inhibition by ATP. The mitochondrial enzyme responded in the way reported previously for enzymes of animal, plant and yeast origin; that is, inhibition occurred and was competitive with respect to acetyl-CoA. On the other hand, the glyoxysomal enzyme was not inhibited. Since the function of mitochondria is to generate biochemical energy, as ATP, while that of the glyoxysome is to convert acetyl-CoA to succinate, the above results support the interpretation that inhibition of mitochondrial citrate synthase by ATP has regulatory significance.
Clusters of transmembrane residues are critical for human prostacyclin receptor activation.

Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and prevention of blood coagulation are mediated by ligand-induced activation of the human prostacyclin (hIP) receptor, a seven-transmembrane-domain G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). In this study, we elucidate the molecular requirements for receptor activation within the region of the ligand-binding pocket, identifying transmembrane residues affecting potency. Eleven of 30 mutated residues in the region of the ligand-binding domain exhibited defective activation (decreased potency). These critical residues localized to four distinct clusters (analysis via a rhodopsin-based human prostacyclin receptor homology model). Residues Y752.65 (TMII), F953.28 (TMIII), and R2797.40 (TMVII) comprised the immediate binding-pocket cluster and were shown to be essential for proper receptor activation, compared to equivalent expression levels of the wild-type hIP (WT EC50 = 1.2 ± 0.1 nM; Y752.65A EC50 = 347.3 ± 62.8 nM, p < 0.001; F953.28A EC50 = 8.0 ± 0.6 nM, p < 0.001; R2797.40A E...
Orbitofrontal activation restores insight lost after cocaine use.

In this study, the authors show that neural correlates of insight, including synaptic efficacy in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), are lost in rodents which are allowed to self-administer cocaine, suggesting a link between drug use and adaptation to changing circumstances. Optogenetic activation of OFC pyramidal neurons was able to rescue these behaviors.
An exact algorithm for a core/periphery bipartitioning problem

Abstract The discrete optimization problem associated with partitioning a set of actors into core and periphery subsets has typically been approached using approximate procedures such as exchange heuristics, genetic algorithms, and simulated annealing. Although these procedures are effective and scalable for large networks, they do not guarantee an optimal bipartition. In this paper, an exact algorithm is presented for a core/periphery bipartitioning problem. Unlike the approximate procedures in the extant literature, this new algorithm, which is based on the principles of branch-and-bound programming, affords a guarantee of an optimal bipartition. Computational results for empirical and simulated data sets reveal that the proposed algorithm is extremely efficient for networks with 40 or fewer actors, and is often scalable for networks with up to 60 actors.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Challenges for Bone Regeneration and Osseointegration

Bone regeneration is an indispensable procedure for implant placement. Original techniques based on mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy are emerging with the goal of speeding up biology, thereby reducing the osseointegration period. Many products found their way in clinical application, yet their reliability remains uncertain because many in vitro culture-related challenges are facing these cells once they are out of their biologic environment. In this commentary, these limitations are discussed with the emphasis of their impact on the performance of MSCs. Clinicians should be aware of these issues before implementing this cell-based regenerative technique.
Nutritional effects of the cyclic monomers of methyl linolenate in the rat

Low levels (0.0075, 0.0225, and 0.15%) of cyclic fatty acid methyl esters (>98% pure) were incorporated into diets of weanling rats fed different levels of protein. Animals on low protein diets (8–10% casein) exhibited decreased wt gains and feed consumption with increasing levels of cyclic esters in their diets after 6 weeks. Liver enlargements due to a significant (P<0.01) accumulation of liver lipid were noted in animals receiving 0.15% cyclic fatty acid esters in their diets.
Ultrastructural diversity in the egg chorion of Hawaiian Drosophila and Scaptomyza: ecological and phylogenetic considerations

Formation of the egg shell (chorion) inDrosophila and Scaptomyza (Diptera : Drosophilidae) is a complex developmental process involving coordinated synthesis and secretion of multiple proteins by the monolayer of follicle cells surrounding the egg. Using scanning electron microscopy, the ultrastructure of the chorion in 37 endemic Hawaiian drosophilids, representing the genera Drosophila and Scaptomyza, were analyzed and compared with 7 representative species of continental Drosophila. The detailed structure of the chorion was described for 8 chorionic regions: the respiratory filaments, follicle imprints, operculum, micropyle, dorsal ridge, ventral rim, posterior pole, and the chorion cross-section. The morphology of each region is similar among related species, but strikingly different among groups. The main functions of the chorion are to protect the developing embryo from the vicissitudes of the environment and to provide channels for gas exchange during embryogenesis. Adaptation to the diverse ovipositional substrates used by Drosophila in general, and the Hawaiian species in particular, has resulted in extraordinary diversity in the various chorionic structures. The respiratory filaments differ in number and have evolved to different lengths and degrees of porosity. Furthermore, other regions also involved in respiratory exchange (the operculum, follicle imprints, the pole region, and the dorsal ridge) have diverged in parallel to the ecological divergence. The thickness and complexity of the outer endochorion are dramatically different in various groups, providing varying degrees of mechanical strength to the eggshell, which promotes embryonic survival in the diverse microenvironments. These varied chorionic structures have been found to provide useful morphological characters for phylogenetic analyses of the drosophilids.
Heavy ion accelerators of the future

Abstract New accelerator projects for the production of beams of very heavy ions are described. Emphasis is placed on those systems which are in operation, under construction, or in an advanced stage of planning. Projects at Orsay, Dubna, Berkeley, and Darmstadt are included in this category. Other possible approaches to the acceleration of such heavy ions are discussed briefly. A summary is given of some of the many fields of research to which beams from these new accelerators may be applied.
A Mesoscale Convective Complex-Generated Inertially Stable Warm Core Vortex

Abstract A long-lived mesoscale convectively-generated vortex (MCV) associated with a mesoscale convective complex (MCC) is documented. The MCV, with a Rossby number of approximately 0.5, is investigated as a feature intrinsic to the organization of the MCC. On 6–7 July 1982 a particularly large and intense MCC developed in a region of high convective available potential energy (CAPE) but weak vertical wind shear (bulk Richardson number ∼150), and weak advection of temperature and vorticity. Convection initially was organized in a narrow line with elements propagating relative to the mean environmental flow. These elements subsequently developed a large semicircular area of stratiform precipitation and a surface mesolow to the rear. Heavy rain fell over a broad area; amounts as great as 10.9 cm accompanied by flooding were reported in central Oklahoma. As the large semicircular rain area dissipated, a three layered structure became evident: a large upper tropospheric anticyclone, a rain cooled mesoscale h...
Drug-induced long-QT syndrome and torsade de pointes: an underrated problem?

This editorial refers to ‘Epidemiology of symptomatic drug-induced long QT syndrome and torsade de pointes in Germany’ by G. Sarganas et al ., on page 101. Drugs that cause an acquired disorder of myocardial repolarization with a characteristic prolongation of the QT interval on electrocardiogram (ECG) are numerous and widely used for a variety of cardiac and non-cardiac indications. This exposes many patients, who are on these medications, to the risk of a lethal form of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia known as torsades de pointes (TdP). Indeed, one of the most frequent causes of restrictive drug labelling or withdrawal has been prolongation of the QTc interval associated with fatal cardiac arrhythmias.1 While our increasing understanding of the molecular and cellular changes that are induced by drugs that produce this phenomenon, and our ability to acquire and analyse huge quantities of electrocardiographic data have complemented our clinical observations,2 it has been noted that the incidence of drug-induced TdP remains difficult to estimate and may, in fact, be much higher than the literature suggests.3 In this issue of the Journal , Sarganas et al .4 have posited that this underestimation of the incidence of drug-induced long-QT syndrome (diLQTS) and TdP may be the result of under-reporting. They attempted to address the problem using active surveillance. In this study, between 2008 and 2011, patients were actively screened at 51 Berlin-area hospitals for diLQTS/TdP using …
Perspectives on African American men's health

The overall life expectancy of African American men significantly lags behind that of other major demographic groups in the United States. African American men as a group suffer extremely high rates of cancer, heart disease and many other conditions that cause substantial morbidity as well as premature and unnecessary loss of life. However, it is now widely accepted that lifestyle and environmental factors play a major role in shaping mortality and morbidity outcomes in the United States. As a result, substantial opportunities exist for improved health outcomes among African American men through intervention involving disease prevention education and lifestyle modifications aimed at promoting as well as maintaining health promoting behavioral change. This commentary examines key contributory factors to preventable morbidity and mortality among African American men as well as promising interventions for reducing existing health disparities. Such adverse factors include limited heath care access, relative underutilization of the healthcare system compared with other demographic groups, suboptimal overall levels of physical activity, poor dietary habits leading to excessive caloric intake, tobacco and alcohol use, substance use disorders (often with co-morbid infectious diseases), sexual risk behaviors, unrecognized mental health disorders driving high homicide and suicide rates, and greatly disproportionate rates of incarceration. Several intervention methodologies with potential for widespread replication are discussed. In addition, African American men's health is presented as an integral but commonly overlooked aspect of African American community health, with wide ranging impact on African American women and children in terms of economics, relationships and overall health status. Language: en
Flow dichroism of capsid DNA phages. I. Fast and slow T4B

Flow linear dichroic studies have been conducted on phage T4B in its fast and slow forms. The behavior of the phages is well represented by an equivalent ellipsoid model using the Peterlin-Stuart theory. The measurements permit the evaluation of the optical factor of the DNA in the phage and the rotary diffusion coefficient of the phage particle. Both these quantities change during the slow–fast conversion. The rotary diffusion results are in good agreement with those obtained by other workers with other methods. The optical factor is negative, indicating a net alignment of DNA helices parallel to the phage axis. The results exclude certain simplified models for the packaged DNA but do not lead to a unique structural conclusion. The flow dichroism experiment and its interpretation are described, and a simple method of calculating optical factors for complicated but cylindrically symmetric structures is presented.
Fixing the Failing Heart

Heart failure has emerged as an enigma in cardiovascular medicine. In contrast to the overall trend of decreasing death rates attributable to heart disease and stroke, the prevalence of heart failure and the resultant death toll are greater than ever before. Moreover, the improved diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic methods now available for most cardiac disorders have barely made a dent in the prognosis for patients with heart failure. Despite reversal of symptoms, standard treatment for heart failure is associated with only a modest improvement in survival. Transplantation remains the only effective therapy for patients with severe end-stage disease, and that option is very much limited by a shortage of donor organs. To those of us who are committed to alleviating the health burden of cardiovascular disease in the nation, heart failure represents at once the best, most pressing research opportunity and the worst, most difficult clinical problem. Its increasing prevalence accentuates the gulf between our accomplishments, which have been substantial in improving the nation's cardiovascular health, and the work that is still needed. Annual heart failure death rates in the United States tripled between 1974 and 1994, and the morbidity from this disease, which leaves patients exhausted and bedridden, is staggering. Ironically, the upward trend in heart failure is likely an undesired outcome …
A virus-producing cell line developed by transformation of human parapharyngeal cells with SV40.

Normal cultures of epithelial appearance were initiated by trypsinization of a surgically resected, histologically normal branchial cyst. Cellular morphology was consistent with derivation from the stratified squamous epithelium of the cyst or from vascular endothelium, although electron micrographs of the cultured cells failed to show any junctional complexes. Infection with SV40 produced transformants which were also epithelioid in appearance. These grew vigorously for 22 to 50 population doublings (about 23 to 32 subcultures, depending upon regimen) and then became quiescent. During this evolution, virus was detectable at all stages by both direct isolation (cell extracts) and cocultivation with permissive cells. In two sublines in which selection for rapidly growing cell types occurred, virus was detected only by cocultivation. The work confirms that of others in the finding that normal human epithelial cells are susceptible to transformation by oncogenic viruses, but are apparently less responsive than are fibroblasts to such transforming agents. It also suggests that subcultivation techniques that maintain the populations of transformed cells at low density tend to select against cell strains that are continuous producers of infectious virus.
The contact angle on an elastic substrate. 1. The role of disjoining pressure in the surface mechanics

Abstract Using the correct physical mechanism for the transmission of the surface tension stress of a free liquid interface to the substrate, viz., the disjoining pressure of the substrate/liquid/vapor system, the macroscopic and microscopic structure of three-phase contact for a liquid drop on a linearly elastic substrate is elucidated. A variational treatment which includes the elastic free energy with the surface energies is shown to yield the augmented Young–Laplace equation for the drop shape and a natural boundary condition at the microscopic contact line, which produces the important result that the microscopic contact angle is zero—a conclusion which is also valid on a rigid substrate within the confines of the Derjaguin approximation for the intersurface forces. The macroscopic contact angle—the angle that the drop appears to make at the contact line when the system is observed on length scales greater than the range of the disjoining pressure in the system—is shown to obey Young's equation with a line-tension-like correction term. The correction depends directly on the height of the substrate deformation at microscopic contact and explicit expressions for the deformation in terms of integrals over the disjoining pressure are exhibited. For typical van der Waals-type disjoining pressures the effect of the elasticity of the substrate is shown to be very large for low Young's modulus materials (hydrogels) but to be essentially negligible for typical inorganic materials with high moduli (oxides and clays).
Optimal Number of Stock Holdings in Mutual Fund Portfolios Based on Market Performance

Among the decisions that most mutual fund portfolio managers make is the number of stocks to hold. We posit that there is an optimal number of stocks for each mutual fund, reflecting the trade-off between diversification benefits versus transactions and monitoring costs. We find a significant quadratic relation between number of stock holdings and risk-adjusted returns for U.S. equity mutual fund portfolios during 1992–2000. Moreover, we find that changes in the number of stocks held over time are more highly correlated with mutual fund flows than with funds' investment returns.
M-matrix characterizations.I—nonsingular M-matrices

Abstract The purpose of this survey is to classify systematically a widely ranging list of characterizations of nonsingular M -matrices from the economics and mathematics literatures. These characterizations are grouped together in terms of their relations to the properties of (1) positivity of principal minors, (2) inverse-positivity and splittings, (3) stability and (4) semipositivity and diagonal dominance. A list of forty equivalent conditions is given for a square matrix A with nonpositive off-diagonal entries to be a nonsingular M -matrix. These conditions are grouped into classes in order to identify those that are equivalent for arbitrary real matrices A . In addition, other remarks relating nonsingular M -matrices to certain complex matrices are made, and the recent literature on these general topics is surveyed.
Affiliative Behavior, Ultrasonic Communication and Social Reward Are Influenced by Genetic Variation in Adolescent Mice

Social approach is crucial for establishing relationships among individuals. In rodents, social approach has been studied primarily within the context of behavioral phenomena related to sexual reproduction, such as mating, territory defense and parental care. However, many forms of social interaction occur before the onset of reproductive maturity, which suggests that some processes underlying social approach among juvenile animals are probably distinct from those in adults. We conducted a longitudinal study of social investigation (SI) in mice from two inbred strains to assess the extent to which genetic factors influence the motivation for young mice to approach one another. Early-adolescent C57BL/6J (B6) mice, tested 4–6 days after weaning, investigated former cage mates to a greater degree than BALB/cJ (BALB) mice, irrespective of the sex composition within an interacting pair. This strain difference was not due to variation in maternal care, the phenotypic characteristics of stimulus mice or sensitivity to the length of isolation prior to testing, nor was it attributable to a general difference in appetitive motivation. Ultrasonic vocalization (USV) production was positively correlated with the SI responses of mice from both strains. Interestingly, several USV characteristics segregated with the genetic background of young mice, including a higher average frequency and shorter duration for the USVs emitted by B6 mice. An assessment of conditioned place preference responses indicated that there was a strain-dependent difference in the rewarding nature of social contact. As adolescent mice aged, SI responses gradually became less sensitive to genetic background and more responsive to the particular sex of individuals within an interacting pair. We have thus identified a specific, genetic influence on the motivation of early-adolescent mice to approach one another. Consistent with classical theories of motivation, which propose a functional relationship between behavioral approach and reward, our findings indicate that reward is a proximal mechanism through which genetic factors affect social motivation during early adolescence.
A BiCMOS Technology Featuring a 300/330 GHz (fT/fmax) SiGe HBT for Millimeter Wave Applications

The paper presents a 0.13 mum SiGe BiCMOS technology for millimeter wave applications. This technology features a high performance HBT (fT = 300 GHz /fmax = 330 GHz) along with various newly developed millimeter wave features, such varactor, Schottky and p-i-n diodes and other back end of line passives
Hypoplastic acute leukemia

There have been few reports of acute leukemia presenting with a hypocellular bone marrow. All patients diagnosed as having acute leukemia were identified during a recent six-year interval who had blast cells plus promyelocytes of greater than 30% and marrow cellularity of needle biopsy less than or equal to 50%. Of 195 patients analyzed, 15 (7.7%) fulfilled the criteria. Ten patients were men and five women; the median age was 68 years with a range of 40-82. Seven complained of fatigue of 6-12 months duration, five were seen with occult infection, and three were asymptomatic. Hepatosplenomegaly was absent in 93% and none had lymphadenopathy. Fourteen patients were pancytopenic with median leukocyte count at presentation of 1.5 X 10(9)/liter, hemoglobin of 9.0 g/dl, and platelet count of 55 X 10(9)/liter. Circulating blast cells were not observed in ten patients; in the other five they were less than 0.7 X 10(9)/liter. The morphology of all cases appeared myeloid and Auer rods were seen in three patients; however, in one the peroxidase was negative. Classification according to FAB criteria revealed ten to be M1, three to be M2, one M4, and one L2. Median survival of the entire group was seven months. Of seven patients receiving no chemotherapy, two survived longer than 1 year (14, 24.5 months), one is alive at 7+ months, and the median survival was seven months. Eight patients with life-threatening complications received various combination regimens including an anthracycline, cytosine arabinoside, 6-thioguanine, vincristine, and prednisone. Five died of treatment complications; two achieved durable complete remission and are free of disease at 17 and 27 months. It can be concluded that hypoplastic acute leukemia is a distinct nosologic entity affecting primarily older patients with myeloid leukemia. Remission induction therapy in patients who are seriously ill has a low success rate, and in some patients prolonged survival is possible with supportive care alone.
The effect of particle aspect ratio on the electroelastic properties of piezoelectric nanocomposites

Piezoelectric materials offer exceptional sensing and actuation properties; however, they are prone to breakage and difficult to apply on curved surfaces in their monolithic form. One method of alleviating these issues is through the use of?0?3 nanocomposites, which are formed by embedding piezoelectric particles into a polymer matrix. Material of this class offers certain advantages over monolithic materials; however, it has seen little use due to its low coupling. Here we develop micromechanics and finite element models to study the electroelastic properties of an active nanocomposite, as a function of the aspect ratio and alignment of the piezoelectric filler. Our results show that the aspect ratio is critical for achieving high electromechanical coupling, and with an increase from?1 to?10 at?30% volume fraction of piezoelectric filler the coupling can increase to 60 times its initial value and achieve a bulk composite coupling as high as 90% for a pure PZT-7A piezoelectric constituent.
ON THE ELLIPTIC CASE OF THE RESTRICTED PROBLEM OF THREE BODIES AND THE REMOTE HISTORY OF THE EARTH-MOON SYSTEM

Jacobi integral and the elliptic case of the restricted problem of three bodies, and study of the remote history of the earth-moon system
The state of the art in the study of technology transfer—a brief survey

Technology transfer involvesthe movement of new concepts, processes or products from one area of science or engineering technology to another. The nature of the literature dealing with technology transfer is described. Discursive or ‘wisdom’ literature predominates indicating a great concern with the problem by industry and government. There are some case studies that provide insights into various aspects of the process, but there are very few empirically based field studies. Apart from research on the diffusion of innovation and studies in other allied areas, little theory building with accompanying field tests of propositions has been done. It is now appropriate to begin such studies to obtain information that will provide a more sound basis for government policy and industry investment in R&D.
Reinforcement of Performance Estimation in Introductory Psychology

64 undergraduates enrolled in two sections of introductory psychology estimated their performance on each of four upcoming classroom tests. One section (n = 30, 14 men and 16 women) received extra credit for accurate predictions of their test scores and the other section (n = 34, 15 men and 19 women) received no reinforcement. On each of the four tests, the group who received reinforcement produced significantly more accurate predictions of their scores.
Converting cell lines representing hematological malignancies from glucocorticoid-resistant to glucocorticoid-sensitive: Signaling pathway interactions

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), protein kinase A (PKA) and mTOR pathways modulate the apoptotic effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) in human lymphoblastic leukemia CEM cells. We now show that manipulation of these pathways converts several cell lines, representing other lymphoid malignancies, from GC-resistant to GC-sensitive. Basal levels of phosphorylated JNK and ERK were elevated in the GC-resistant cells. Treatments that directly or indirectly reduced phosphorylated JNK and ERK resulted in Dex sensitivity in five resistant lymphoid cell lines. Sensitivity to GC-driven apoptosis correlated with GC-dependent increases in phosphorylated and total glucocorticoid receptor, and in increased levels of the pro-apoptotic protein Bim.
Corrosion fatigue of a precipitation-hardened Al-Li-Zr alloy in a 0.5 M sodium chloride solution

Corrosion fatigue (CF) experiments have been performed on a high-purity Al-2.5Li-0.12Zr alloy in a deaerated 0.5 M sodium chloride solution as a function of aging time. The results of these tests were compared to the results of fatigue tests performed in dry air to investigate the effect of aging on the CF susceptibility of the alloy. It was found that the high cycle fatigue strength of the alloy was dramatically reduced by the aqueous environment. Examinations of the relative fatigue strength (ΔσNaCl/Δσair) indicated that the underaged (UA) alloys were more susceptible to CF than the overaged (OA) alloys over the stress ranges studied, but the difference of the susceptibility between the UA and the OA alloys was reduced by decreasing the applied cyclic stress. The evidence suggests that, for the UA Al-Li-Zr alloys, the CF resistance is determined by both slip-enhanced dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement at high stress ranges, while at low stress ranges, the CF life is predominantly controlled by pitting-induced crack initiation regardless of the aging condition of the alloy.
Pattern and Outcome of Presentation at the Children Emergency Unit of a Tertiary Institution in The Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: A One Year Prospective Study

Background : Children emergency unit is a very important in hospitals offering paediatric services. Most of the studies done in Nigeria have been retrospective which most times do not capture the total picture of presentations as some are lost due to poor record keeping. Aim : To determine the true pattern and outcome of presentations at the children emergency unit in our hospital through a prospective study. Materials and Method : All presentations at the children emergency unit of Delta State University Teaching Hospital Oghara since its inception in December 2010 till November 2011 were recorded and all the information about each patient from the biodata to the outcome of each presentation were analysed. Result : A total of five hundred and twenty patients were seen within this period. Non- emergency patients represented 10.2%. There was a male preponderance, and over 90% were five years and below. Malaria was the commonest presentation at 16.7% followed by acute respiratory infections at 14.4%. Mortality was 2.3% with meningitis and severe anaemia each accounting for 33.3%. 66.7% of the total deaths were in infants. Discussion : Malaria is the commonest presentation. Over 10% were “cold cases”. Triaging will reduce mortality as this will give the emergency physician undistracted attention to more serious patients. Death in infancy still represents the highest contributor to the over- all mortality. Conclusion : Presentation at the children emergency unit has largely remained the same over the years. However prospective studies should always be done to establish true picture of presentation at children emergency units and efforts to select truly emergency patients will help in rendering better services. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.12753 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 170-173
Local contour characteristics as determinants of pattern discrimination.

Szrmmary.-Subjects were required to discriminate complex random polygons which had the same global shapes but differed in local contour characteristics. Discrimination was most often successful when local contour features comprised a few long line segments or when they were relatively complex. Local contour features of intermediate sized elements and intermediate complexity played a smaller role in discrimination. Presentation time and interstimulus interval effects, and their interaction were observed. A two-factor explanation was offered for the effect of the contour variable. The importance of global and local features of patterns in visual perception has been the focus of several recent studies (Navon, 1977; Foster, 1978; Hoffman, 1980; Kimchi, 1988; IGmchi & Palmer, 1982, 1985; Hughes, Layton, Baird, & Lester, 1984; Paquet & Merikle, 1988). Generally, local features consist of relatively smaller elements which form global or relatively larger patterns. These studies have employed a variety of forms such as dots, letters, and simple geometric forms. The results of these experiments suggest that both global and local features are involved in pattern perception. In addition to task and time variables, relative size of the patterns, the number of elements they contain, and their luminance affect the role of local features in pattern perception (Kinchla & Wolf, 1979; Kimchi & Palmer, 1982, 1985; Hughes, et al., 1984).
Effect of Innovan® on Subcortical Structures in Monkeys

UMMARY The effect of Innovan on cortical and certain subcortical structures was observed in three Macaque monkeys. The drug was administered in two different doses. In the first experiments, the dose was calculated from the recommended dosage for humans. In the second experiments, the dose was five times larger. Short runs of high-voltage activity occurred in all animals at irregular intervals. They appeared only when the larger dose was administered and were not accompanied by any clinical or behavioral manifestations. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Bei drei Macacusaffen wurden die Wirkungen von Innovan auf die korti-kalen und gewisse subkortikale Strukturen beobachtet. Das Mittel wurde in zwei verschiedenen Dosierungen verabreicht. Bei den ersten Versuchen wurde die Dosis entsprechend der beim Menschen ublichen Dosierung berechnet. Bei den zweiten Versuchen war die Dosis funfmal so hoch. Bei alien Tieren traten in unregelmassigen Abstanden kurze Perioden einer hochvoltigen Akti-vitat auf. Sie erschienen jedoch nur unter der hoheren Doserung und waren weder von klinischen noch von Verhaltensausserungen begleiet.