cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Labyrinthine Pattern Formation in Magnetic Fluids: A Mean‐Field Theory

A viscous ferroliquid is trapped between two narrowly spaced parallel sheets of glass, the Hele‐Shaw cell. The ferroliquid fills a cylindrical domain with cross section Ω and the rest of the cell is filled with a fluid of negligible viscosity. In the absence of any other forces, the effect of surface tension at the interface between the fluids is such that the liquid is at rest if Ω is circular. Starting from time t=0 a strong magnetic field perpendicular to the cell is applied, so that the ferroliquid is instantaneously uniformly magnetized in this direction. For t>0, two competing forces act on the liquid: surface tension and magnetostatic repulsion. The liquid reacts to these forces by undergoing a strongly overdamped flow, preserving its volume and its uniform magnetization. In the regime of strong magnetization, it is observed that an initially disk‐like phase configuration undergoes a fingering instability, that these fingers grow and form a labyrinth and that the domain covered by this microstructure spreads. We start from a model for the evolution of $\Omega$ proposed by Jackson, Goldstein & Cebers. Conventional analysis does not bridge the gap between the early stages (captured by the linearization) and the late stages of the evolution (described by a variational problem). Numerical analysis only captures the early stages. We present a new type of analysis for the intermediate stage. It allows us to introduce a coarse-grain description of this evolution of microstructure in a rational way: We derive an evolution equation for the local volume fraction of the gap filled by the ferroliquid. Our analysis is based on the discovery that this type of strongly overdamped flow problems can be considered as a gradient flux of the relevant energy functional.
Modeling a large population of traders: Mimesis and stability☆

Abstract We introduce a method of accurately and efficiently modeling a large population of participants in a financial market. Each participant is modeled as having an internal preference state affected by the continual arrival of exogenous information and by the behavior of others. In order to describe a community of traders, we introduce a population equation that is derived rigorously from the underlying single-agent model. The population equation is used to investigate collective behavior with mimetic interactions. We observe and study the sharp transitions in parameter space from a stable time-independent regime to instability where the demand and supply diverge sharply.
Abnormal pattern of Tie-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor expression in human cerebral arteriovenous malformations.

Objective Human cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are speculated to result from abnormal angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGF-Rs) and Tie-2 play critical roles in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. We hypothesized that the abnormal vascular phenotype of AVMs may be associated with abnormal expression of VEGF-Rs and Tie-2. Methods We measured the expression of Tie-2, VEGF-R1, and VEGF-R2 in AVMs and normal brain tissue, using immunoblotting. To assess active vascular remodeling, we also measured endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression. CD31 expression was used to control for endothelial cell mass for Tie-2, VEGF-Rs, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Immunoblotting data were presented as relative expression, using normal brain tissue values as 100%. Results CD31 was expressed to similar degrees in AVMs and normal brain tissue (99+/-29% versus 100+/-20%, mean +/- standard error, P = 0.98). Tie-2 expression was markedly decreased in all AVMs, compared with normal brain tissue (16+/-9% versus 100+/-37%, P = 0.04). VEGF-R1 expression was decreased in four of five AVMs, but the difference between the mean values was not significant (35+/-8% versus 100+/-42%, P = 0.14). VEGF-R2 expression was decreased in all AVMs, compared with normal brain tissue (28+/-6% versus 100+/-29%, P = 0.03). There was no difference in endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression between AVMs and normal brain tissue (106+/-42% versus 100+/-25%, P = 0.91). Conclusion AVM vessels exhibited abnormal expression of Tie-2 and VEGF-Rs, both of which may contribute to the pathogenesis of AVMs.
Methodologic sources of inconsistent prognoses for post-acute myocardial infarction.

purpose To investigate basic methodologic problems that could explain inconsistent and contradictory results for predictor variables in studies of prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI). materials and methods Studies on postinfarct prognosis published in English between 1979 and 1991 were identified with a MEDLINE literature search. The key words used for the computer search were: "prognosis" and "myocardial infarction" in the title and "mortality" or "survival" or "outcome" in the title or abstract. Reference lists in the reports captured by the search were examined for pertinent articles, and additional articles were sought in the index pages of two prominent journals. To be included in the analysis, a study had to fulfill the following eligibility criteria: a cohort study or randomized, controlled trial; sample size ≥50 patients; a clear identification of the time when follow-up began, after the acute phase of MI and either before or at hospital discharge; follow-up for a minimum of 6 months or median/mean of 1 year; and multivariable analysis for intervals no longer than 2 years after the MI. Eight methodologic standards addressing sources of major problems were established and applied to each study. results Of 766 reports identified, 111 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The median number of standards fulfilled was 3, the highest 6. The proportions of studies complying with each of the 8 methodologic standards were: (1) inception cohort, 60%; (2) total death as an unequivocal outcome, 54%; (3) verification of cause-specific deaths (in 62 studies analyzing cardiac death), 37%; (4) analysis of crucial variables describing baseline severity, 13%; (5) indication of quantitative scope of the spectrum of baseline severity, 20%; (6) reproducible classification of candidate predictor variables, 40%; (7) adequate identification of quantitative importance of and boundaries for statistically significant predictor variables, 39%; and (8) evaluation of impact of treatment on predictor variables, 13%. conclusions The results show that studies on postinfarct prognosis have frequently disregarded basic methodologic principles. Suitable adherence to these principles in future research will allow improved interpretation of results and can reduce inconsistent findings, while improving the applicability of the identified predictors.
Cavity quantum electrodynamics based quantum low-density parity-check encoders and decoders

Quantum information processing (QIP) relies on delicate superposition states that are sensitive to interactions with environment. The quantum gates are imperfect and the use of quantum error correction coding (QECC) is essential to enable the fault-tolerant computing and to deal with quantum errors. The most critical gate, CNOT-gate, has been implemented as a probabilistic device by using integrated optics. CNOT-gates from linear optics provide only probabilistic outcomes and as such are not suitable for large-scale computation. In this paper, we show that arbitrary set of universal quantum gates and gates from Clifford group, needed in QECC, can be implemented based on cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED). We further show that encoders/decoders for quantum LDPC codes can be implemented based on Hadamard and CNOT gates using CQED. Finally, we perform simulations and evaluate performance of several classes of quantum LDPC codes suitable for implementation in CQED technology.
The influence of substrate particle size on the microdistribution of stream macrobenthos

Substrate microhabitat preferences of ten species of benthic macroinvertebrates were investigated in a laboratory flowing water system and compared with preliminary field data. Eight particle size categories of both silted and non-silted substrates were tested in the laboratory. The correspondence between field and laboratory data indicated primary microhabitat selection on the basis of substrate particle size by the stonefly Perlesta placida, the riffle beetle Stenelmis crenata and the caddisflies Pycnopsyche guttifer and P. lepida. Broad substrate responses in the laboratory and lack of correspondence with field data indicated a secondary importance of substrate particle size in microhabitat selection by the pulmonate snail Helisoma anceps, the caddisfly Helicopsyche borealis, the cranefly Tipula caloptera, the alderfly Sialis vagans and the mayflies Caenis latipennis and Ephemera simulans. Silting had minor effects on substrate selection patterns in all species tested except Caenis latipennis and Perlesta placida in which it enhanced selection for the intersticies of coarse sediments.
Bone marrow plasmacyte values in childhood

Normal values for bone marrow plasmacytes were determined in over 50 patients, ranging in age from newborn infants to adults. Because large numbers of nucleated marrow elements were enumerated (5,000 cells), significant values were established. Comparisons were made between these values and those obtained in patients with disease states involving synthesis of immune globulin. Marrow plasmacyte values are low in normal infants and young children, but approach adult levels in later childhood, particularly after the age of 5 years. Because of the small numbers of plasmacytes normally present in the bone marrow in infancy and early childhood, the finding of low numbers of plasma cells in the bone marrow is not definitive evidence for the diagnosis of hypogammaglobulinemia in this age group.
Nonlinear absorption and carrier dynamics in slab-coupled optical waveguide amplifiers

Limitations imposed on the saturation energy of high-power slab-coupled optical waveguide amplifiers were studied for pulsed signal transmission. Loss due to the two-photon absorption and free-carrier absorption processes becomes a dominant factor for ultrashort-pulse amplification, leading to lower saturation energy. TPA and FCA coefficients are measured to be 65cm/GW and 7×10−17 cm2, respectively. Carrier-related gain recovery times vary from 160ps to 380ps at bias currents from 4A to 1A, respectively.
Targeting JAK1/2 and mTOR in murine xenograft models of Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia

CRLF2 rearrangements, JAK1/2 point mutations, and JAK2 fusion genes have been identified in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a recently described subtype of pediatric high-risk B-precursor ALL (B-ALL) which exhibits a gene expression profile similar to Ph-positive ALL and has a poor prognosis. Hyperactive JAK/STAT and PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is common in this high-risk subset. We, therefore, investigated the efficacy of the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin in xenograft models of 8 pediatric B-ALL cases with and without CRLF2 and JAK genomic lesions. Ruxolitinib treatment yielded significantly lower peripheral blast counts compared with vehicle (P < .05) in 6 of 8 human leukemia xenografts and lower splenic blast counts (P < .05) in 8 of 8 samples. Enhanced responses to ruxolitinib were observed in samples harboring JAK-activating lesions and higher levels of STAT5 phosphorylation. Rapamycin controlled leukemia burden in all 8 B-ALL samples. Survival analysis of 2 representative B-ALL xenografts demonstrated prolonged survival with rapamycin treatment compared with vehicle (P < .01). These data demonstrate preclinical in vivo efficacy of ruxolitinib and rapamycin in this high-risk B-ALL subtype, for which novel treatments are urgently needed, and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeted kinase inhibition in Ph-like ALL.
MEASUREMENT OF F(2)-ISOPROSTANES AS AN INDEX OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN VIVO

In 1990 we discovered the formation of prostaglandin F(2)-like compounds, F(2)-isoprostanes (F(2)-IsoPs), in vivo by nonenzymatic free radical-induced peroxidation of arachidonic acid. F(2)-IsoPs are initially formed esterified to phospholipids and then released in free form. There are several favorable attributes that make measurement of F(2)-IsoPs attractive as a reliable indicator of oxidative stress in vivo: (i) F(2)-IsoPs are specific products of lipid peroxidation; (ii) they are stable compounds; (iii) levels are present in detectable quantities in all normal biological fluids and tissues, allowing the definition of a normal range; (iv) their formation increases dramatically in vivo in a number of animal models of oxidant injury; (v) their formation is modulated by antioxidant status; and (vi) their levels are not effected by lipid content of the diet. Measurement of F(2)-IsoPs in plasma can be utilized to assess total endogenous production of F(2)-IsoPs whereas measurement of levels esterified in phospholipids can be used to determine the extent of lipid peroxidation in target sites of interest. Recently, we developed an assay for a urinary metabolite of F(2)-IsoPs, which should provide a valuable noninvasive integrated approach to assess total endogenous production of F(2)-IsoPs in large clinical studies.
ATM sequence variants are predictive of adverse radiotherapy response among patients treated for prostate cancer.

Purpose: To examine whether the presence of sequence variants in the ATM (mutated in ataxia-telangiectasia) gene is predictive for the development of radiation-induced adverse responses resulting from 125 I prostate brachytherapy for early-stage prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Thirty-seven patients with a minimum of 1-year follow-up who underwent 125 I prostate brachytherapy of early-stage prostate cancer were screened for DNA sequence variations in all 62 coding exons of the ATM gene using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. The clinical course and postimplant dosimetry for each genetically characterized patient were obtained from a database of 2,020 patients implanted at Mount Sinai Hospital after 1990. Results: Twenty-one ATM sequence alterations located within exons, or in short intronic regions flanking each exon, were found in 16 of the 37 patients screened. For this group, 10 of 16 (63%) exhibited at least one form of adverse response. In contrast, of the 21 patients who did not harbor an ATM sequence variation, only 3 of 21 (14%) manifested radiation-induced adverse responses (p 0.005). Nine of the patients with sequence alterations specifically possessed missense mutations, which encode for amino acid substitutions and are therefore more likely to possess functional importance. For this group, 7 of 9 (78%) exhibited at least one form of adverse response. In contrast, of the 28 patients who did not have a missense alteration, only 6 of 28 (21%) manifested any form of adverse response to the radiotherapy (p 0.004). Of the patients with missense variants, 5 of 9 (56%) exhibited late rectal bleeding vs. 1 of 28 (4%) without such alterations (p 0.002). Of those patients who were at risk for developing erectile dysfunction, 5 of 8 (63%) patients with missense mutations developed prospectively evaluated erectile dysfunction as opposed to 2 of 20 (10%) without these sequence alterations (p 0.009). Conclusions : Possession of sequence variants in the ATM gene, particularly those that encode for an amino acid substitution, is predictive for the development of adverse radiotherapy responses among patients treated with 125 I prostate brachytherapy. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. ATM gene, Radiation sensitivity, DHPLC, Prostate cancer, Brachytherapy.
Maintenance of ZPA signaling in cultured mouse limb bud cells

The positional signal localized to the posterior (zone of polarizing activity or ZPA) region of the vertebrate limb is transiently expressed during development and a decline in ZPA signaling is accelerated when posterior cells are dissociated and cultured in vitro. The evidence that cultured posterior cells display a precocious decline in ZPA signal ing when compared to in vivo studies suggests that a factor present in the limb bud maintains or stabilizes ZPA sig naling during limb outgrowth and that this maintenance factor is lost and/or exhausted in in vitro studies. We have developed a new culture technique, ‘microdissociation’, which preserves extracellular components that we have found to be necessary for ZPA signal maintenance. Our data suggest that the limb bud ectoderm produces a maintenance activity that becomes stored in the extracellular matrix where it acts on limb bud cells to stabilize the activity of the ZPA signal. Using our initial characterization of this maintenance activity, we have identified a growth factor, FGF-2 (bFGF), that can replace all of the ZPA signaling maintenance activity observed in microdissocia te cultures. The existence of various members of the FGF family in the developing limb strongly argues a role for FGF in stabiliz ing ZPA signaling in vivo. SUMMARY
Rhetorical positioning of US policy statements about multilingual education – with reference to the EU

The focus of this paper is on US language policy statements that govern the priorities for teaching languages other than English in public schools and the language ideologies implied by specific management moves by the federal government to regulate language education, starting with the Bilingual Education Act (BEA) of 1968. Following introductory comments on language ideology, rhetorical positioning, and claims-making, this paper provides an overview of language diversity in the USA as the context for examining four major policy statements by the federal government up through the present: (1) the ‘BEA of 1968’; (2) ‘No Child Left Behind’ (NCLB), which replaced the BEA when it became law in 2002; (3) the ‘National Security Language Initiative of 2006’; and (4) the current proposal from President Barack Obama's administration, titled ‘A Blueprint for Reform’, which – if enacted – will replace ‘NCLB’. The next section provides an overview of European Union (EU) language policy in recent years to highlight t...
Direct control of the proneural gene atonal by retinal determination factors during Drosophila eye development

The determination of neuronal identity in Drosophila cells depends on the accurate expression of proneural genes. The proneural gene atonal (ato) encodes a basic-HLH protein required for photoreceptor and chordotonal organ formation. The initial expression of ato in imaginal discs is regulated by sequences that lie 3′ to its open reading frame. In this report, we show that the initial ato transcription in different imaginal discs is regulated by distinct 3′ cis-regulatory sequences. The eye-specific ato 3′ cis-regulatory sequence consists of two distinct elements we term 2.8PB and 3.6BP that regulate ato transcription during different stages of eye development. The 2.8PB enhancer contains a highly conserved consensus binding site for the retinal determination (RD) factor Sine oculis (So). Mutation of this So binding site abolishes 2.8PB enhancer activity. Furthermore the RD factors So and Eyes absent (Eya) are required for 2.8PB enhancer activity and can induce ectopic 2.8PB reporter expression. In contrast, ectopic Dpp signaling is not sufficient to induce ato 3′ enhancer activation but can induce increased levels of RD factor Dachshund (Dac) and synergize with So and Eya to increase ato 3′ enhancer activity. These results demonstrate a direct mechanism by which the RD factors regulate ato expression and suggest an important role of Dpp in the activation of ato 3′ enhancer is to regulate the levels of RD factors.
Algorithmic Motion Planning in Robotics

A survey is presented of an approach to motion planning that emphasizes object-oriented, exact, and discrete (or combinatorial) algorithmic techniques in which worst-case asymptotically efficient solutions are being sought. Following a statement of the problem, motion planning in static and known environments is treated. The discussion covers general solutions, lower bounds, the projection method, the retraction method, the expanded obstacles, the single-component approach, and a mobile convex object moving in a 2D polygonal space. Variants of the motion-planning problem are then considered, namely, optimal motion planning, adaptive and exploratory motion planning, motion planning in the presence of moving obstacles, constrained motion planning, motion planning with uncertainty, and general task planning. >
Stereotactic body radiation therapy for locally recurrent, previously irradiated nonsquamous cell cancers of the head and neck.

Background Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as a promising salvage strategy for patients with recurrent, previously irradiated head and neck cancer; however, data are limited predominantly to squamous cell carcinomas. Herein, we report the efficacy of SBRT in recurrent, nonsquamous cell cancers of the head and neck (NSCHNs). Methods In all, 34 patients with pathologically proven NSCHN were reirradiated with SBRT to a median dose of 40 Gy in 5 fractions (interquartile range, 30–44 Gy). Toxicity and quality of life were followed prospectively. Results Median follow-up was 10 months (absolute range, 0–55 months). The 6-month/1-year local control rate was 77/59%, with a 6-month/1-year overall survival of 76/59%. Local control was significantly improved for tumors <25 mL (p = .030). Acute/late grade 3 toxicity was 15/6%, with no grade 4–5 toxicity. Conclusions SBRT for previously irradiated, locally recurrent NSCHN provides promising local control, especially for tumors <25 mL, with minimal toxicity. The optimal dose for larger tumors remains to be defined. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa.

A 63-year-old obese man presented with worsening lower leg oedema, fever and chills. Physical examination revealed non-pitting oedema and hyperkeratotic papulonodules with a verrucose appearance in lower extremities, especially at posterior tibial side (figure 1). Oedema sites were warm and red. He had a history of colon cancer treated 8 years ago with surgery and radiotherapy to the lower abdomen. Chronic lymphoedema developed after radiotherapy in both …
Highly bandlimited radar signals

This paper describes a method for generating highly bandlimited or spectrally clean signals and investigates an amplification scheme for physically realizing such signals. The method for generating spectrally clean signals involves interpolating discrete-time signals with Gaussian-windowed sinc functions to obtain highly-bandlimited continuous-time signals. Using this technique, spectrally clean continuous-time signals were obtained which are reasonably efficient and have desirable autocorrelation functions as well as being bandlimited. The modulation technique is illustrated with several examples using the thirteen bit Barker code. The amplifier configuration known as LINC (linear amplification using nonlinear components) is proposed as a means of generating spectrally clean signals.
Age-related changes in proximal humerus bone health in healthy, white males

The proximal humerus is a common site for osteoporotic fracture. The current study demonstrates the rate of age-related decline in proximal humerus bone health. The data suggest aging is associated with considerable loss of bone mass, structural deterioration and reduced bone strength at the proximal humerus. The proximal humerus is relatively under investigated despite being the fourth most common site for osteoporotic fracture. A cross-sectional study was performed to assess age-related changes in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) properties of the proximal humerus in a cohort of 170 healthy, white males. Regression models estimated considerable age-related loss of DXA measured bone quantity at the proximal humerus, with areal bone mineral density modeled to decline by 29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.5–35.0%) in the 50 years between ages 30 and 80 years (p < 0.001). pQCT measures indicated aging was associated with progressive periosteal and endosteal expansion, with the later occurring more rapidly as indicated by age-related declines in cortical bone mass, area and thickness (all p < 0.01). The net result of the density, mass and structural changes was a 26% (95% CI, 13.5–38.0%) decline in pQCT estimated proximal humerus bone strength in the 50 years between ages 30 and 80 years (p < 0.001). Aging is associated with considerable declines in proximal humeral bone health which, when coupled with a traumatic event such as a fall, may contribute to osteoporotic fracture at this site.
Galileo: a tool built from mass-market applications

We present Galileo, an innovative engineering modeling and analysis tool built using an approach we call package-oriented programming (POP). Galileo represents an ongoing evaluation of the POP approach, where multiple large, architecturally coherent components are tightly integrated in an overall software system. Galileo utilizes Microsoft Word, Internet Explorer, and Visio to provide a low cost, richly functional fault tree modeling superstructure. Based on the success of previous prototypes of the tool, we are now building a version for industrial use under an agreement with NASA Langley Research Center.
Mobile telecommunications and nomadic computing in Asia

In November 1996 a number companies joined together with a research consortium known as the Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation (MCC) to form a North American team on a strategic technology benchmarking tour of Asia. The team met with several companies and government authorities. This paper describe the state-of-the art and anticipated future trends observed during the tour. In particular we found high growth in both personal digital cellular (PDC) and the personal handyphone system (PHS) which are projected to reach 50 million subscribers by 2000. We also gained insights into third generation research activities and a road map to fourth generation wireless networks.
A branch and bound algorithm for computing optimal replacement policies in consecutive k‐out‐of‐n‐systems

This paper presents a branch and bound algorithm for computing optimal replacement policies in a discrete-time, infinite-horizon, dynamic programming model of a binary coherent system with n statistically independent components, and then specializes the algorithm to consecutive k-out-of-n systems. The objective is to minimize the long-run expected average undiscounted cost per period. (Costs arise when the system fails and when failed components are replaced.) An earlier paper established the optimality of following a critical component policy (CCP), i.e., a policy specified by a critical component set and the rule: Replace a component if and only if it is failed and in the critical component set. Computing an optimal CCP is a optimization problem with n binary variables and a nonlinear objective function. Our branch and bound algorithm for solving this problem has memory storage requirement O(n) for consecutive k-out-of-n systems. Extensive computational experiments on such systems involving over 350,000 test problems with n ranging from 10 to 150 find this algorithm to be effective when n ≤ 40 or k is near n. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 288–302, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10017
Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Maxillary Sinus

ABSTRACT © J Can Dent Assoc 2006; 72(2):163–7This article has been peer reviewed. A healthy 43-year-old man was referred toour dental school’s acute care clinic withthe chief complaint of pain and swellingof the left maxillary quadrant. The patient hadjust completed a 10-day course of penicillinVK (500 mg, 4 times daily) for a presumedinfection of odontogenic origin with minimalimprovement in his symptoms. His past med-ical history revealed a 3 pack/day cigarettesmoking habit. He had been taking ibuprofenfor pain.Clinical examination showed a moderatelyfirm soft-tissue swelling in the area of the leftmaxillary buccal sulcus; its maximum dimen-sion measured 3 cm. The lesion was mildlypainful to palpation. A panoramic radiographsubmitted by the referring dentist ( Fig. 1 )revealed multiple missing and decayed teethand generalized moderate to severe peri-odontal bone loss. In the left maxillary quad-rant, teeth 22, 23 and 28 had moderate toextensive decay. Teeth 22, 24, 25, 27 and 28 hadM3 mobility. Tooth 22 was percussion sensitiveand was initially deemed by the referring clinician to be the source of the apparent infection. A poorly defined opacification wasnoted in the area of the left maxillary sinus.The floor, roof and posterior and medial wallsof the left maxillary sinus appeared intact. Anincidental dome-shaped radiopacity, consis-tent with an antral pseudocyst, was noted inthe right maxillary sinus.On further questioning, the patientreported slight paresthesia involving the distri-bution of the middle and posterior superioralveolar nerves.Te eth 22, 23, 24, 25, 27 and 28 were judgedto be nonrestorable and were extracted underlocal anesthesia. Some purulent drainage wasobtained. In light of the patient’s history ofparesthesia, a biopsy of the involved areas wasdeemed necessary to rule out the possibility ofan underlying malignant process. Surgicalexploration of the area revealed an irregular1 cm by 1 cm bony defect filled with granula-tion-like tissue on the anterior–facial wall ofthe left maxillary sinus. This soft tissue wassubmitted for histopathologic examination.We describe the case of a 43-year-old man who was referred to our dental school’s acutecare clinic with pain and swelling of presumed dental origin in the left maxillary quadrant.Radiographic examination revealed extensive dental decay and periodontal disease. On questioning, the patient admitted to paresthesia of recent onset. Paresthesia associated with pain or swelling of the jaws is an ominous sign that should alert the clinician to the possibility of an underlying aggressive neoplasm. In this case, biopsy of thelesion conﬁrmed that the patient had a rare malignant tumour of maxillary sinus origin,a sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma.
On the Efficiency-Fairness Trade-off

This paper deals with a basic issue: How does one approach the problem of designing the “right” objective for a given resource allocation problem? The notion of what is right can be fairly nebulous; we consider two issues that we see as key: efficiency and fairness. We approach the problem of designing objectives that account for the natural tension between efficiency and fairness in the context of a framework that captures a number of resource allocation problems of interest to managers. More precisely, we consider a rich family of objectives that have been well studied in the literature for their fairness properties. We deal with the problem of selecting the appropriate objective from this family. We characterize the trade-off achieved between efficiency and fairness as one selects different objectives and develop several concrete managerial prescriptions for the selection problem based on this trade-off. Finally, we demonstrate the value of our framework in a case study that considers air traffic management. This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.
High temperature pile irradiation of the n‐heptane‐hydrogen system

A pilot unit for the high-temperature irradiation of flowing reactants was designed for the beam port of a nuclear reactor. Radiation-thermal cracking of the n-heptane-hydrogen system was studied with molal H2/C7 ratios from 0 to 5 at 250 lb./sq. in., 600° to 750°F., 2 to 8 min. residence time, and up to 3,600 rep./min. Although conversions were low, the decomposition rate was significantly increased by radiation giving G values > 103. Product distributions were not significantly altered by radiation. These results, while different from low-temperature data, appear consistent with other published high-temperature results. Radiation yields were found to be reasonably linear with total dose from 0 to 14 krep., but a twofold increase was observed in passing from a molal H2/C7 ratio of 0 to 0.5.
Prepayment Risk in Adjustable Rate Mortgages Subject to Initial Year Discounts: Some New Evidence

This paper uses microlevel data to examine recent prepayment performance of adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) employing the competing risk methodology developed by Deng, Quigley and Van Order (2000). We find support for the teaser rate and adjustment date effects implied by the theoretical model of Kau et al. (1993). In addition, we find that teased ARMs bear prepayment risk related to their discount, contrary to results reported by VanderHoff (1996) and Green and Shilling (1997). Finally, and contrary to the usual finding for fixed-rate mortgages, we find that loan age has a negative effect on prepayment risk for ARMs, consistent with the phenomenon that borrowers with high mobility and/or propensity to refinance exit the pool early.
Soft-encoding distributed coding for parallel relay systems

In the paper, a new distributed coding scheme for parallel relay systems is proposed, in which a sender communicates to a destination that is two hops away via two (or more) parallel relays. The key idea is the exploitation of a (rate-1) soft convolutional encoder at each of the parallel relays, to collaboratively form a simple but powerful distributed analog coding scheme to achieve efficient forwarding of soft reliability messages. We detail the encoding and decoding process of the proposed soft-encoding distributed coding. As the input of the encoder would affect the overall performance, we analyze what form of messages at the relay is most appropriate to be forwarded to the destination. The range-limited log likelihood ratio (range-limited LLR) is chosen as the input. The optimality of the range-limited LLRs as the best form of relaying messages is verified by the simulation results. Our new distributed coding scheme can obviously outperform the existing ones.
Prognostic Value of the MULTIPLE MINI-INTERVIEW for Emergency Medicine Residency Performance

, Abstract—Background: The Multiple Mini-Interview (MMI) uses short, structured contacts, and is known to predict medical school success better than traditional interviews and application materials. Its utility in Emergency Medicine residency selection is untested. Objectives: We investigate whether it provides additional information regarding future first-year resident performance that can be useful in resident selection. Methods: From three Emergency Medicine residency programs, 71 interns in their first month completed an MMI developed to focus on desirable resident characteristics. Application data were reviewed. First-year resident performance assessments covering the American Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) core competencies, along with professionalism and performance concerns, were obtained. Multiple logistic regressions were employed and MMI correlations were compared with program rank lists and typical selection factors. Results: An individual’s score on the MMI correlated with overall performance (p < 0.05) in single logistic regression. MMI correlated with ACGME individual competencies patient care and procedural skills at a less robust level (p < 0.1), butnot with anyother outcomes. Rank list position correlated with the diagnostic skill competency
Structure and function of the class C tetracycline/H+ antiporter: three independent groups of phenotypes are conferred by TetA (C)

The class C tetracycline/H+ antiporter, TetA(C), confers nine distinct phenotypes in Escherichia coli: resistance to tetracycline, reduced culture density at stationary phase (growth yield), increased supercoiling of plasmid DNA, delayed growth in succinate minimal medium, complementation of potassium uptake defects, increased susceptibility to cadmium, increased susceptibility to fusaric acid, increased susceptibility to bleomycin and increased susceptibility to several classes of cationic aminoglycoside antibiotics. These nine phenotypes were resolved into three 'linkage' groups based on their patterns of suppression by mutations of the tetA(C) gene of plasmid pBR322. Group I includes resistance to tetracycline, increased susceptibility to cadmium and reduced growth yield. Group II includes delayed growth in succinate minimal medium and complementation of potassium uptake defects. Group III includes increased supercoiling of plasmid DNA and increased susceptibilities to fusaric acid, bleomycin and cationic aminoglycosides. Phenotypes of Groups II and III, but not Group I, also were conferred by a chimeric gene encoding a fusion between the N-terminal 34 residues of TetA(C) and the C-terminal 429 residues of a structurally-similar protein, the E. coli galactose/H+ symporter, GalP. In contrast, none of these phenotypes was conferred by a chimeric gene encoding a fusion between the N-terminal 34 residues of TetA(C) and a structurally-dissimilar protein, TEM beta-lactamase. These results demonstrate that the three groups of linked phenotypes are dependent on different elements of the TetA(C) amino acid sequence, implying that TetA(C) confers these phenotypes by at least three independent mechanisms.
Economically Irrational Pricing of 19th Century British Government Bonds

British government bonds formed the deepest, most liquid, and most transparent financial market of the 19th century. This paper shows that those bonds had long periods, extending over decades, of anomalous behavior, in which Consols, the largest and best known of these instruments, were noticeably overpriced relative to equivalent gilts which offered the same interest rate and the same guarantee of payment. The British government did take advantage of this market inefficiency, but apparently to a lesser extent than it could have.This finding and similar ones for other comparable pairs of British gilts appear to provide the most extreme counterexamples documented so far to the Efficient Markets Hypothesis and to the Law of One Price. They also offer a promising test case for exploring the effects of mass psychology on economic behavior. It appears that several communities held divergent views on the values of securities that standard theory provides unambiguous answers for.The Supplement for this paper is available at the following URL: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2435437
Accuracy of diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas on fine needle aspiration: A multi-institution experience of ten cases.

Introduction: Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPTP) is a neoplasm of uncertain origin and indolent biologic behavior with distinctive morphological features occurring predominantly in young women. This tumor has an excellent prognosis compared to neuroendocrine and acinar cell carcinoma, which are close differential diagnoses based on morphology, hence making it crucial to diagnose SPTP correctly. Objectives: To discuss the cytomorphological features of 10 cases of SPTP reported in two institutions and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in establishing the diagnosis of SPTP. Methods: Ten diagnosed cases of SPTP were retrieved from the computerized endoscopy and pathology databases of our two tertiary care institutions. Nine patients had subsequent histological follow-up available. Eight patients underwent EUS-FNA while one patient each had ultrasound and computed tomography-guided FNA. The rapid on-site evaluation was carried out in all 10 cases, and additional material was retained for cell block preparation. Immunohistochemical (IHC) stains ranging from synaptophysin, progesterone receptor, chromogranin, β-catenin, CD10, and NSE were applied on cell blocks. Histological sections of all resected specimens were reviewed, and findings were correlated with those obtained by FNA. Results: Adequate material was obtained in all ten cases. IHC stains helped to confirm the cytological impression of SPTP. Histological examination of resection specimens, available in 9/10 cases, confirmed the cytological diagnosis. Conclusions: FNA particularly that obtained with EUS guidance is an effective tool in the accurate diagnosis of SPTP.
Role of Subplasmalemmal Mitochondria in Angiotensin II-Mediated Contraction.

Nearly 2 decades after the seminal work by Sundaresan et al,1 which established the requirement of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during platelet-derived growth factor–initiated signal transduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), it is now well accepted that enzymatically generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) play pivotal roles as signaling molecules during both physiological and pathological conditions. In fact, virtually all cellular programs in VSMCs including differentiation,2 growth,3 contraction,4 and migration5 use ROS as a part of their signaling machinery. Article, see p 1013 ROS are produced from a sequential 1- or 2-electron reduction of molecular oxygen. Mitochondria are classically linked to ROS generation, which are formed as a by-product of mitochondrial respiration.6 In addition, VSMCs contain a variety of other sources of ROS, including xanthine oxidase,7 lipoxygenases,8 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases.9 The NADPH oxidase multienzymatic complexes are major sources of superoxide (O2·–) and H2O2, which in this cell type have been shown to participate in the signaling pathways of growth and differentiation and in the mediation of the effects of vasoactive peptides such as angiotensin II (AngII).10 In particular, the Nox1-based NADPH oxidase is activated downstream of the AngII type 1 receptor in VSMCs,11 where it is required for AngII-induced hypertension …
Clinical Features of Reported Ethylene Glycol Exposures in the United States

BACKGROUND: Ethylene glycol is highly toxic and represents an important cause of poisonings worldwide. Toxicity can result in central nervous system dysfunction, cardiovascular compromise, elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis and acute kidney injury. Many states have passed laws requiring addition of the bittering agent, denatonium benzoate, to ethylene glycol solutions to reduce severity of exposures. The objectives of this study were to identify differences between unintentional and intentional exposures and to evaluate the utility of denatonium benzoate as a deterrent. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Using the National Poison Data System, we performed a retrospective analysis of reported cases of ethylene glycol exposures from January 2006 to December 2013. Outcome classification was summed for intentionality and used as a basis for comparison of effect groups. There were 45,097 cases of ethylene glycol exposures resulting in 154 deaths. Individuals more likely to experience major effects or death were older, male, and presented with more severe symptoms requiring higher levels of care. Latitude and season did not correlate with increased exposures; however, there were more exposures in rural areas. Denatonium benzoate use appeared to have no effect on exposure severity or number. CONCLUSION: Deaths due to ethylene glycol exposure were uncommon; however, there were major clinical effects and more exposures in rural areas. Addition of denatonium benzoate was not associated with a reduction in exposures. Alternative means to deter ingestion are needed. These findings suggest the need to consider replacing ethylene glycol with alternative and less toxic agents. Language: en
An innovative service-learning project to develop cultural competency in undergraduate nursing students

Abstract A service-learning opportunity was implemented with fundamental nursing students in an associate degree program to develop cultural competency. Research has supported service-learning as an effective teaching modality. It is the responsibility of undergraduate nursing programs to prepare their nursing students with adequate cultural skills to care for ethnically and culturally diverse populations.
Fast track article: Backlogged queue based MAC frame aggregation

Frame aggregation is a wireless link optimization mechanism that aims to reduce transmission overheads by sending multiple frames as the payload of a single MAC frame. Aggregation mechanisms need to address two main performance concerns. Naive aggregation schemes can wait to aggregate until enough data for pre-decided aggregated frame lengths is available, which can result in delay penalties due to variations in traffic type or load levels. The second possible performance side effect is that the increase in the aggregated frame length may result in an increased packet error rate in noisy environments. Adaptive aggregation methods have previously been proposed to deal with the above problems independently. In this study, a backlogged queue (BQ) aggregation approach is proposed that considers both these aspects, and also ensures inter-operability with other WLAN devices that are not capable of frame aggregation. The length of the backlogged queue is used as an indicator for delay-optimal framing, and, using modeling, the study shows that it is always beneficial to perform BQ frame aggregation up to the wireless MTU even in the presence of noise. Performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm on the ORBIT testbed shows throughput improvements of up to 56% in the presence of channel noise and 25% in scenarios with high contention over using a simple 802.11e based TxOP. An experimental case study shows improvement in FTP file transfer times of up to 11% while preserving performance for real-time traffic.
Gender, Language, and Historical Interpretation

Oliver H. Kelley and his family settled on the farm in the mideighteen hundreds. He experimented with new agricultural techniques and was influential in organizing farmers in his own region as well as nationally. He was part of a group that founded the Grange. In 1961, having previously purchased it, the Grange gave Kelley's farm to the Minnesota Historical Society. A National Landmark, the site is now operated by the Society.
Doing the Right Thing: The Evolving Role of Human Dignity in American Sentencing and Corrections

Human dignity plays a central and constitutive role within the German and Dutch criminal justice systems. It influences not only the overall approach to, and accepted purpose of, punishment, but also the types of sanctions that are typically doled out, the setup of their prisons, and the conditions in which prisoners find themselves once in custody. Although human dignity is not the paramount value in the American criminal justice system, this article contends that recent criminal justice reform efforts implicate human dignity into system practices to a greater degree than ever before. While the reform efforts are prompted by a concern for efficiency and efficacy, policymakers are increasingly relying on research that indicates that more humane and individualized treatment of offenders is a key component to achieving desired public safety outcomes. The article starts with a brief discussion of how human dignity became a central value of the European system and contrasts this with the historically weaker sway human dignity has played in the American system. It then demonstrates that the principle of human dignity is gaining influence through recent legislative reform efforts in the United States as well as changes in correctional training and supervision practices.
The Conditions of the Creative Industries Spring up and for Its Thinking

According to the intension of the creative industries, there are 3 conditions of upraise of creative industries: the viewpoint of value of respect for creative idea is established; Intellectual property with protection is the foundation for the market trade system perfectly; The science and technology offer prerequisite of demand, method and efficiency mechanism. Then from STS viewpoint, the paper have discussed the relation for creative idea and new economic times, the influence of culture for science and technology, as well as gets problem that brought from the industrialization of creative idea and the commercialized by the protection of intellectual property.