cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DOCUMENTING COMMUNITY IN THE LATE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

This article traces a conflict that erupted in the late 19th century between the Armenians and the Suryani. This conflict, I argue, precipitated nothing less than the creation of the Suryani community itself. The dispute began over the key to a closet in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, but it quickly evolved. Soon, the Armenians and the Suryani were clashing over holy places all around Jerusalem. The dispute centered on an Ottoman administrative arrangement which had been institutionalized nearly 400 years earlier: yamaklik. The Ottoman investigators, however, were unfamiliar with this archaic arrangement and had to be reeducated as to its terms and its history. The Suryani and the Armenians offered divergent accounts. Where the Armenians furnished hard documentation, however, the Suryani could produce only claims to tradition and local practice. In this article I argue that, through this protracted conflict, the Suryani came to understand the importance of the documentary record in a post-Tanzimat Ottoman world. They thus turned to an alternative strategy that would conform to this documentary sensibility and render their community visible to the state: a series of petitions with thousands of Suryani signatures from around the Ottoman Empire.
UHF Rectenna for Implanted and Free Space Communications

The design of a UHF rectenna that is able to communicate with an RFID reader at a distance of 50 cm when it is implanted in human muscle phantom, and at a distance of 6 m when in free space, is described. The antenna has a size of 38 mm by 12.7 mm. An experimental prototype of the rectenna was fabricated on a Rogers R3010 substrate that is optimized to operate with a commercial RFID tag IC. The optimal rectenna was tested in a liquid phantom mimicking the properties of muscle. Experiments showed successful detection when the designed tag was submerged by 5 cm of liquid phantom at a detection distance of 50 cm.
Implementation of a Weekly Administrative Hour and the Impact on Case Logging and Duty Hour Reporting in Surgical Residents.

Objective To investigate the impact of a dedicated weekly administrative hour on case logging, duty hour reporting, and duty hour violations. Design Retrospective analyses of 2 timeframes pre-implementation and post-implementation of a dedicated weekly administrative hour in a surgical residency were assessed for changes in duty hour reporting, case logging, and duty hour violations. The preimplementation period spanned from July 2011 to June 2014 and the postimplementation period from July 2014 to June 2017. Setting Community-based, university-affiliated hospital. Participants A total of 79 surgical residents were included over a 6-year period. The subjects worked before and after the implementation of a weekly dedicated administrative time. Results Seven and 30-day procedure logging rates improved from 28.7% to 37.2% and 52.7% to 69.9%, respectively (p Conclusions Procedural logging and duty hour compliance improved after implementation of a dedicated weekly time for administrative duties. The year of a resident in training is related to compliance with logging and may impact the incidence of duty hour violations. Residents reported significantly fewer duty hour violations, however this may be multifactorial.
For whom, and for what, is experience sampling more accurate than retrospective report?

Abstract The experience sampling method (ESM) is often used in research, and promoted for clinical use, with the rationale that it avoids problematic inaccuracies and biases that attend retrospective measures of mental phenomena. Research suggests that averaged scores from ESM data are more accurate than retrospective ratings. However, it is not known how well individuals can remember information about momentary (rather than averaged) mental states, nor how accurately they estimate the dynamic covariation of these states. Individual differences in retrospective accuracy are also poorly understood. In two pre-registered studies, we examined differences between retrospective memory for stress and self-esteem and data gathered via experience sampling and examined whether alexithymia predicted accuracy. Results of both studies revealed substantial discrepancies between retrospective ratings and ESM ratings, especially for momentary states and their covariation. Alexithymia was positively related to recognition of stress means and variability but unrelated to recall of either stress or self-esteem, their variability, or their covariation. These findings suggest that experience sampling may be more useful than self-report when precise information is needed about the timing of mental states and dynamics among them.
Predicting Individual Preferences in Mindfulness Techniques Using Personality Traits

The growing popularity of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) has prompted exciting scientific research investigating their beneficial effects on well-being and health. Most mindfulness programs are provided as multi-faceted packages encompassing a set of different mindfulness techniques, each with distinct focus and mechanisms. However, this approach overlooks potential individual differences, which may arise in response to practicing various mindfulness techniques. The present study investigated preferences for four prototypical mindfulness techniques [focused attention (FA), open monitoring (OM), loving-kindness (LK), and body scan (BS)] and identified factors that may contribute to individual differences in these preferences. Participants without prior mindfulness experiences were exposed to each technique through audio-guided instructions and were asked to rank their preferences at the end of all practices. Results indicated that preferences for loving-kindness were predicted by empathy, and that females tended to prefer loving-kindness more than males. Conversely, preferences for open monitoring were predicted by nonreactivity and nonjudgment of present moment experiences. Additionally, higher state mindfulness was detected for individuals' preferred technique relative to other alternatives. These findings suggest that individuals tend to prefer techniques compatible with their personalities, as the predictor variables encompass trait capacities specifically relevant to practicing these techniques. Together, our results suggest the possibility that assessing individual difference and then tailoring MBIs to individual needs could be a useful way to improve intervention effectiveness and subsequent outcomes.
Infinite-Server Queue Model \(MMAP_{k}(t)|G_{k}|\infty \) with Time Varying Marked Map Arrivals of Customers and Occurrence of Catastrophes

In the present paper, the infinite-server queue model \(MMAP_{k}(t)|G_{k}|\infty \) in transient MMAP random environment with time varying marked MAP arrival of k types of customers subject to catastrophes is considered. The transient joint probability generating functions (PGF) of the number of different types of customers present in the model at moment t and the number of different types of customers departing from the system in the time interval (0, t] are found. The Laplace-Stieltjes transform (LST) of total volume of customers being in service at moment t is defined. The basic differential equations for joint probability generating functions of the number of busy servers and served customers for transient and stationary random environment are obtained.
OSTEOPOROSIS PRESCREENING USING DENTAL PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHY WITH DEEP LEARNING

Background Known as the most common bone pathosis, osteoporosis affects millions of people every year. Clinical diagnostic methods for osteoporosis are expensive and, therefore, have limited availability in population prescreening. Recently, studies have shown that dental panoramic radiography (DPR) can provide information of bone density changes and have potential to be used in trabecular bone structure analysis. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of using deep neural networks on DPR images for osteoporosis prescreening. Materials and Methods We collected 108 DPR images from 108 patients (52 patients with osteoporosis and 56 normal individuals). We designed a deep learning algorithm for osteoporosis prescreening. The algorithm uses a multitask scheme to transfer the network pretrained on ImageNet to our data set and improves accuracy in osteoporosis prescreening. Results The leave-one-out cross-validation showed that the highest overall accuracy of osteoporosis prescreening to be 92%, demonstrating its significant advantage over previous methods. Discussion The study findings showed that using deep neural networks can significantly improve the accuracy of prescreening for osteoporosis, based on 108 DPR images.
Empirical Bayes PCA in high dimensions.

When the dimension of data is comparable to or larger than the number of data samples, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) may exhibit problematic high-dimensional noise. In this work, we propose an Empirical Bayes PCA method that reduces this noise by estimating a joint prior distribution for the principal components. EB-PCA is based on the classical Kiefer-Wolfowitz nonparametric MLE for empirical Bayes estimation, distributional results derived from random matrix theory for the sample PCs, and iterative refinement using an Approximate Message Passing (AMP) algorithm. In theoretical "spiked" models, EB-PCA achieves Bayes-optimal estimation accuracy in the same settings as an oracle Bayes AMP procedure that knows the true priors. Empirically, EB-PCA significantly improves over PCA when there is strong prior structure, both in simulation and on quantitative benchmarks constructed from the 1000 Genomes Project and the International HapMap Project. An illustration is presented for analysis of gene expression data obtained by single-cell RNA-seq.
Check This Out Lending Laptops and Other Technology

Figuring out how and which pieces of equipment to circulate has stymied many a Technology Services department. How do you decide what types of equipment to check out? Which brands/models to purchase? How long should it go out? How do you keep things in working order? How do you remedy the situation if someone damages, loses, or refuses to return something? Those are some of the questions the Technology Services Loan staff from the College of Literature, Science & the Arts at the University of Michigan have asked, answered, and continue to ask themselves as our loan service evolves and grows. With over 1,000 resources circulating out of two Loan Centers, the Loan staff must keep their eyes on the present (making sure our equipment is functioning properly and returned on time) while considering the future (how new technologies will impact our circulating collection, when to update equipment, and when to add new resource types). Included in this discussion are: The three qualities all Loan equipment must have (and when and how to give a little on one of them), Equipment life cycles and how we apply that concept in a practical sense, How usage patterns changed and continue to impact how we circulate equipment, How our partnership with the Learning Technologies Consulting group helps us anticipate areas of the collection needed to develop and grow, and Why a person-to-person reservation/checkout works for us now (rather than self-checkouts, reserving online, and kiosks).
A new source detection algorithm using FDR

The False Discovery Rate (FDR) method has recently been described by Miller et al (2001), along with several examples of astrophysical applications. FDR is a new statistical procedure due to Benjamini and Hochberg (1995) for controlling the fraction of false positives when performing multiple hypothesis testing. The importance of this method to source detection algorithms is immediately clear. To explore the possibilities offered we have developed a new task for performing source detection in radio-telescope images, Sfind 2.0, which implements FDR. We compare Sfind 2.0 with two other source detection and measurement tasks, Imsad and SExtractor, and comment on several issues arising from the nature of the correlation between nearby pixels and the necessary assumption of the null hypothesis. The strong suggestion is made that implementing FDR as a threshold defining method in other existing source-detection tasks is easy and worthwhile. We show that the constraint on the fraction of false detections as specified by FDR holds true even for highly correlated and realistic images. For the detection of true sources, which are complex combinations of source-pixels, this constraint appears to be somewhat less strict. It is still reliable enough, however, for a priori estimates of the fraction of false source detections to be robust and realistic.
On p×1 dependent random variables having each (p−1)×1 sub-vector made up of IID observations with examples

Abstract It is not easy to locate a non- N p joint probability density function (p.d.f.) such that each ( p − 1 ) -dimensional sub-vector would consist of p − 1 independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) standard normal variables, but the construction of such a multivariate distribution can be interesting. We address this problem and provide examples of this and other kinds including joint p.d.f.s where each ( p − 1 ) -dimensional sub-vector consists of p − 1 i.i.d. normal, Laplace or lognormal variables.
’Foucault's Ironies and the Important Earnestness of Theory’

Foucault’s History of Sexuality 1 cannot be understood without sustained attention to its ironies, which are written into every level from diction to structure. The little book does not intend to deliver a theory, queer or otherwise. It means rather to display and then to frustrate the desire for theory—especially when it comes to sexuality.
Multiplexed Bragg grating fiber sensors

By combining wavelength and time division multiplexing the number of sensors which could potentially be addressed increases to the tens to possibly one hundred devices, depending on the strain resolution and measurement bandwidths required. Recently developed fiber draw-tower fabrication techniques should allow the production of such fibre Bragg grating (FBG) arrays at low cost. FBG based sensors thus represent a powerful enabling technology for use in a wide range of structural sensing applications.
Don't Stand So Close to Me: Relational Distance Between Teachers and Students

“Why do schools remain if not for meeting?” The manifesto of pedagogical relation uses this question to emphasize the human connectedness of teachers and students as the sine qua non of teaching and learning. In doing so, its authors make use of spatial metaphors of proximity in order to frame their concept of educational relationships. On the one hand, relational pedagogy seeks to overcome the “exclusion,” “isolation,” “alienation,” and “frustration” that are often experienced as a result of bureaucratized systems of education. On the other, it holds that, in all forms of education, it is the relationship, more than anything else, that is taught. But theories of pedagogical relationship need not focus solely on meetings, or connections, between teachers and students. Gert Biesta’s essay “‘Mind the Gap!’ Communication and the Educational Relation,” while principally concerned with establishing the epistemological conditions for learning in the space between teachers and students, has a significant ethical message as its consequence; namely, that a relation between two subjects is defined by distance as well as proximity. Biesta’s essay reminds us that to do away with the gap or disconnect between teachers and students would be to reduce relation to identity, where no teaching or learning can take place. The distance between teachers and students establishes the respective roles that define what they do collectively as education. In other words, being attentive to teaching and learning as a kind of relation might mean keeping our distance.
Development of a New Scale for Measuring Acculturation: The East Asian Acculturation Measure (EAAM)

Given the paucity of appropriate measures to assess the acculturation patterns of East Asian immigrants in the United States, a new acculturation instrument was developed and evaluated. One-hundred and fifty nonclinical East Asian immigrants (75 males and 75 females) were administered the East Asian Acculturation Measure (EAAM) and provided demographic information concerning length of stay in the United States and gender. Satisfactory reliability is reported for the four acculturation scales: assimilation, separation, integration, and marginalization. Length of stay was not associated with separation but was significantly positively associated with assimilation and integration and significantly negatively associated with marginalization. Gender was not associated with any of the acculturation scales. The findings suggest that the EAAM may be a useful tool for researchers and clinicians to investigate the acculturation patterns of East Asian immigrants.
HUGE and Digital Strategy

In 2011, HUGE, Inc. is the fastest growing digital agency in the U.S. Its CEO, Aaron Shapiro, is considering a set of novel growth strategies to take his firm to the next level. However, the digital strategy industry in which HUGE has made a name for itself is highly fluid and constantly evolving - the options facing Shapiro and HUGE must be considered in light of an industry structure that blurs the lines across competitors, complements, and clients and could easily shift for or against digital agencies such as HUGE in the near future. Using HUGE as a focal point, students are asked to evaluate competitive dynamics in the digital strategy industry and predict the evolution of the market. They are also asked to use the unique dynamics of the digital strategy industry as a backdrop for assessing HUGE's best growth option going forward.
Independent transcriptional regulation of a single VL30 element by epidermal growth factor and activators of protein kinase C.

Abstract A single VL30 element present in the RVL-3 cell line was transcriptionally induced by both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the protein kinase C (pkC) activators 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol within 5 min of stimulation. Following TPA-induced depletion of protein kinase C activity, EGF stimulation of VL30 transcription and accumulation was unaffected while TPA effects were inhibited, implying that EGF and TPA act by separable pathways.
Natural history of asymptomatic and symptomatic gallstones

Review of the sparse literature on the prognosis of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic gallstones reveals a diversity of methods, definitions, and groups of patients, studied, which makes it difficult to draw conclusions. It appears that serious symptoms and complications develop in about 1% to 2% of patients with asymptomatic gallstones annually, with fewer complications developing in later years than in years soon after gallstones are discovered. In patients with stones with mild symptoms, rates of the development of complications are perhaps a little higher, about 1% to 3% per year. In patients who are initially mildly symptomatic, cholecystectomy for severe symptoms probably is undertaken in 6% to 8% per year in the early years, decreasing with longer follow-up. Other than symptoms, no factors related to prognosis have been established. Acute cholecystitis is the most common severe complication of gallstones. Based on follow-up studies, obstructive, jaundice, cholangitis, pancreatitis, and cancer of the gallbladder are infrequent complications. Risk of subsequent colon cancer should not ordinarily be a factor when cholecystectomy is considered. Analyses of cost-effectiveness have not demonstrated substantial differences in life expectancy between patients with asymptomatic gallstones who undergo immediate open cholecystectomy compared with watchful waiting.
A function space approach to smoothing with applications to model error estimation for flexible spacecraft control

A function space approach to smoothing is used to obtain a set of model error estimates inherent in a reduced-order model. By establishing knowledge of inevitable deficiencies in the truncated model, the error estimates provide a foundation for updating the model and thereby improving system performance. The function space smoothing solution leads to a specification of a method for computation of the model error estimates and development of model error analysis techniques for comparison between actual and estimated errors. The paper summarizes the model error estimation approach as well as an application arising in the area of modeling for spacecraft attitude control.
Ion leakage, ion reflection, ion heating and shock‐front reformation in a simulated supercritical quasi‐parallel collisionless shock

Ion reflection, ion leakage, ion heating and shock-front reformation are studied based on the simulation results of a supercritical quasi-parallel shock. The backstreaming ions upstream of the simulated shock are predominantly leakage ions. The leakage of downstream ions is regulated by the large-amplitude waves in the shock transition region. These waves not only can act as a filter to reduce the leakage ion number density, but also can energize the backstreaming ions to result in the suprathermal upstream ions. The average temperature of the leakage ions is about 100 times that of the upstream incoming ions. The average leakage ion density is about 2% ∼ 3% of the upstream ion density. Ion reflections occur intermittently due to coherent ion scattering by the large-amplitude whistler waves near the shock front. Most of the coherently reflected ions are subsequently scattered back toward the downstream to contribute to the ion heating. Only a small fraction of the reflected ions can escape upstream with an average number density about 0.1% ∼ 0.2% of the upstream ion density. The shock-front appears to reform as characterized by the decay and reappearance of the large-amplitude whistler waves near the shock ramp. We wish to propose a possible explanation for the shock-front reformation process. Insufficient dissipation in the supercritical shock can lead to a highly-steepened shock ramp, which in turn can emit large-amplitude whistler waves to result in the ion reflection event. Since ion reflections can provide additional dissipation, to counter balance the nonlinear steepening and thereby reduce the wave amplitude and turn off the ion reflection event. The cycle of under-dissipation followed by over-dissipation is proposed to be a possible cause for the shock-front reformation process.
Six2 activity is required for the formation of the mammalian pyloric sphincter

Abstract The functional activity of Six2, a member of the so/Six family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors, is required during mammalian kidney organogenesis. We have now determined that Six2 activity is also necessary for the formation of the pyloric sphincter, the functional gate at the stomach–duodenum junction that inhibits duodenogastric reflux. Our data reveal that several genes known to be important for pyloric sphincter formation in the chick (e.g., Bmp4, Bmpr1b, Nkx2.5, Sox9, and Gremlin) also appear to be required for the formation of this structure in mammals. Thus, we propose that Six2 activity regulates this gene network during the genesis of the pyloric sphincter in the mouse.
Autoregulation of thyroid iodide transport: evidence for the mediation of protein synthesis in iodide-induced suppression of iodide transport.

The role of protein synthesis in iodide-induced suppresion of subsequent iodide transport (iodide autoregulation) was studied in cat thyroid slices. Thyroid slices were pretreated for 60-120 min in the presence or absence of either excess (30 μM) sodium iodide, inhibitors of protein synthesis, or both. Tissue was then washed in the presence of 2 mM methimazole to prevent subsequent iodination reaction and remove excess iodide. Iodide transport activity was finally evaluated by measurement of the ratio of tissue to medium iodide concentrations in 90-min incubations. Addition of 0.1 mM cycloheximide during the preexposure of thyroid tissue to excess iodide had no effect on either control levels of iodide transport or iodideinduced autoregulation. However, if thyroid tissue was treated with cycloheximide alone for 1 h before preexposure to excess iodide, there was a significant reduction in the degree of iodideinduced autoregulation. Similar results were obtained with pretreatment of the tissue with 0.5 mM p...
Physiologic loading of the anterior cruciate ligament does not activate quadriceps or hamstrings in the anesthetized cat

We attempted to elicit quadriceps and hamstring elec tromyographic responses in seven chloralose-anesthe tized cats by loading the ACL with controlled anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur using rigid fixa tion and an MTS testing machine. We did not detect reflex activity in the quadriceps or hamstring muscles of any of the cats in response to anterior tibial displace ments of up to 4 mm, with rise times ranging from 1.0 to 0.1 seconds. In four of the cats we loaded the ACL using a wire loop. Loads of up to 125 N (4 to 5 times body weight) produced no reflex activity in any of the four animals, although we consistently observed mono synaptic reflex responses to tendon taps. Whole nerve recordings from the posterior articular nerve revealed substantial activity from afferents in response to tug ging on the ACL, although we could not differentiate receptors in the ACL from those in other periarticular tissues. Thus, while traction on the intact ACL causes signals in the afferent nerves, those sign...
Low cardiac output complicating pericardiectomy for pericardial tamponade

Neoplastic involvement of the pericardium resulting in an effusion and subsequent tamponade is an emergency requiring prompt decompression, generally safely accomplished by subxiphoid pericardiectomy. However, the current case report describes a patient with florid pericardial tamponade who underwent surgical decompression with transient hemodynamic improvement, who then rapidly developed progressive, heart failure and death. This paradoxical response to pericardial decompression, similar to that seen occasionally with pericardiectomy in constrictive pericarditis, may be more frequent than currently appreciated. Its cause may relate to the sudden removal of the chronic external ventricular support from the effusion resulting in ventricular dilatation and failure.
Merging the intellectual and technical infrastructures in higher education: The internet example

Abstract The increasing infusion of information technologies is challenging the academic core of higher education. While enrichments of instructional quality are made possible by these new resources, their pervasiveness requires rethinking our notions of the student, the course, the curriculum, and other tradition bound instructional concepts and processes. Thus, within the context of given institutional missions the imperative is that academics begin to construct the necessary intellectual infrastructure to complement the maturing technical infrastructure. The Internet is the exemplification by which this message is formulated in this article. Numerous practical examples are offered in order to connect to concrete items of potential action. Brief descriptions are given of different models in which the complementing academic infrastructure might catalyze. In covering a wide range of technical and conceptual issues, this article is intended to raise awareness of the potential opportunities and suggest strategies. There are not definitive courses of action. Higher education institutions are too varied for such argument. There are, however, likely definitive outcomes derived from faculty inaction, one being a further disconnect from the functional world in which students learn. Advances in academic missions are made by design, not default. The prescient need is a plan to elevate teaching and learning quality in the new educational environment.
The Effect of Workplace Gender and Race Demographic Composition on Hiring through Employee Referrals.

This quantitative study tests whether the gender and race composition of the workplace helps explain why there are systematic differences in how employees are hired across gender and race. We find evidence that differences across racial groups in the use of employee referrals may be explained partly by differences in the race composition of the workplace. We also find evidence that recruiting source models that do not include workplace demographic composition may misestimate the effect of the new employee's race on the hiring source.
Inheritance of two qualitative traits and a proposed genetic map for their linkage group in diploid potatoes

The inheritance of two traits in diploid potatoes was studied in progenies that originated from crosses between interspecific aneuploids and established marker gene stocks. ‘Pigmented whorl’ (Pw) and ‘underleaf pigmentation’ (Ul) were determined to be controlled by single dominant genes. Pigmented whorl was linked to the already establishedF Ow I B linkage group. A preliminary genetic map was established asF Ow Pw I with the map distance between the genes being 7, 3 and 8 units, respectively.
Propagation characterization of an office building in the 60 GHz band

This work investigates the propagation characteristics of an office building in the 60 GHz band. From reflection and scattering measurements of several painted and un-painted common building materials recorded at 60 GHz, the complex permittivity and Lambert's Law scattering coefficient of each material are extracted. Diffraction measurements from two building corners at 60 GHz are also presented and analyzed. Lastly, power angular profiles of building penetration and scattering at 60 GHz are presented and used to characterize the outdoor to indoor propagation, and the significant scatterers on a building surface, respectively.
Localized magnetic moments on chromium and manganese dopant atoms in niobium and vanadium.

We have made magnetic susceptibility measurements on films of Nb and V, pure and doped with Cr and Mn. The results indicate the presence of localized moments on Cr and Mn dopant atoms in both Nb and V. We discuss the data in terms of a model which takes the magnetic behavior of the host metals into account. We have also measured the superconducting transition temperature, ${T}_{c}$, and the upper critical magnetic field, ${H}_{c2}$(T), of several Nb films, pure and doped with Cr and Mn. We find that ${T}_{c}$ of Nb is decreased in the presence of Cr or Mn, by amounts that are consistent with the existence of localized moments. The results for ${H}_{c2}$(T) indicate, for both Cr and Mn dopants in Nb, that the pair-breaking effect of the magnetic dopants is additive with that of the applied magnetic field.
Berseem clover seeding rate and harvest management effects on forage yields and nutrient uptake in a swine effluent spray field

A 3-year study was conducted on a Prentiss sandy loam near Pheba, Mississippi to determine optimum berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) seeding rate (SR) for dry-matter (DM) yield and nutrient uptake in an annual clover–perennial bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon L. (Pers.)] sward, fertilized in April to October with swine effluent. Seed of annual berseem clover (cv. ‘Bigbee’) was drill-seeded in October at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 kg ha−1 and harvested either twice in April and May (spring) or once in May. Yield of clover harvested twice was less than that harvested once (5410 vs. 7566 kg ha−1), but N and P uptake were greater in the double-harvest regime. Annual clover responses to SR were described by quadratic trends. Pooled across years and harvest regimes, the optimum SR for DM yield was 16·5 kg ha−1 and for P, Cu and Zn uptake, it was 15·7, 14·8 and 16·0 kg ha−1, respectively. Bermudagrass DM yield decreased linearly as SR increased by approximately 6·3 and 66·7 kg DM kg seed−1 in double- and single-harvest regimes, respectively. For clover–bermudagrass, the optimum SR for DM yield was 14·0 kg ha−1, and for P, Cu, and Zn uptake, it was 15·1, 14·6 and 15·3 kg ha−1, respectively. A SR of 14·0–14·9 kg ha−1 and a first harvest of clover in April appeared to optimize hay yields and uptake of nutrients in clover–bermudagrass. Because bermudagrass N requirement is usually met by swine effluent irrigations, overseeding annual clover would chiefly satisfy producer needs for early forage production.
Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Erythroderma Syndrome: A Clinical and Pathogenic Analysis

The syndrome of erythroderma due to beta-hemolytic streptococci is rarely seen and should be distinguished from cellulitis and toxic shock-like syndrome. The authors describe a novel syndrome of nongroup A, beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection truncal erythroderma. The characteristics of this syndrome suggest that local factors were likely operative in the cutaneous manifestations of an exotoxin-associated erythroderma.
The Moral Considerability of Invasive Transgenic Animals

The term moral considerability refers to the question of whether a being or set of beings is worthy of moral consideration. Moral considerability is most readily afforded to those beings that demonstrate the clearest relationship to rational humans, though many have also argued for and against the moral considerability of species, ecosystems, and “lesser” animals. Among these arguments there are at least two positions: “environmentalist” positions that tend to emphasize the systemic relations between species, and “liberationist” positions that tend to emphasize the attributes or welfare of a particular individual organism. Already, this classic conflict provides for some challenging theoretical clashes between environmentalists and animal liberationists. The question of moral considerability is complicated, however, by recent developments in genetic engineering. Some animals, like pigs and fish, have been genetically modified by humans to grow organs that can then be transplanted into humans. If environmental arguments for the moral consideration of species are correct, then we are released from our obligations to morally consider those animals that we have genetically modified, since they are by their nature always an “invader species.” If, instead, the welfare of the animal is of penultimate importance, then there is a case for strengthening the moral considerability of GM animals over “naturally-occurring” animals, since they bear a closer relationship to humans. This would appear to be an intractable problem, a “bad marriage,” as Mark Sagoff once proposed. This paper argues that the case of invasive transgenic animals exposes weaknesses in this classic conflict, and particularly, in the framing of this conflict. To remedy this framing problem, this paper argues for a reconceptualization of the term “moral considerability,” instead urging a strong distinction between moral considerability, moral relevance, and moral significance.
Multiple-sector isotope-ratio mass spectrometer design for high transmission efficiency

Abstract The design of multiple-sector isotope-ratio mass spectrometers has been investigated for the purpose of improving ion transmission efficiency while maintaining high abundance sensitivity. Various magnet geometries with normal and non-normal field boundaries were examined. The most favorable geometry found for tandem 90°-deflection magnets has boundaries 17° off-normal and drift lengths 1.44 times the radius of deflection. The ion beam is rendered parallel in the vertical plane at the focus of the first magnet and is brought to a stigmatic focus by the second magnet. This geometry and gives 100% transmission without the need for intermediate focusing lesnes. Complete transmission is also maintained with the addition of a cylindrical electric sector as a third stage for greater abundance sensitivity.
Temporal profile of diabetic nephropathy pathologic changes

Diabetic nephropathy, by far, is the most common cause of end stage renal disease in the US and many other countries. In type 1 diabetes, the natural history of diabetic nephropathy is tightly linked to evolution of classic lesions of the disease, namely glomerular basement membrane thickening, increased mesangial matrix, and reduced glomerular filtration surface density. These lesions progress in parallel and correlate with increased albumin excretion rate and reduced glomerular filtration rate across a wide range of renal function. In fact, the vast majority of the variances of albumin excretion and glomerular filtration rates can be explained by these glomerular lesions alone in type 1 diabetic patients. Although, classic lesions of diabetic nephropathy, indistinguishable from those of type 1 diabetes, also occur in type 2 diabetes, renal lesions are more heterogeneous in type 2 diabetic patients with some patients developing more advanced vascular or chronic tubulointerstitial lesions than diabetic glomerulopathy. More research biopsy longitudinal studies, especially in type 2 diabetic patients, are needed to better understand various pathways of renal injury in diabetic nephropathy.
Color vision is altered during the suppression phase of binocular rivalry

Increment-threshold spectral sensitivity functions were determined during the dominance and suppression phases of binocular rivalry. The shapes of the functions obtained during the dominance phase exhibited three maxima at approximately 440, 530, and 610 nanometers and resembled functions obtained for nonrivalrous control conditions. However, the functions measured during suppression had a single broad peak near 555 nanometers and were adequately described by functions measured with flicker methods during nonrivalrous conditions. The results indicate that binocular rivalry differentially attenuates opponent-color information relative to achromatic information.
Beyond the Debates: Measuring and Specifying Student Consumerism

Existing discourses suggest numerous aspects of the faculty-student relationship are affected by a student consumerist ideology, but no clear definition of “student consumerism” emerges, and there are no tools for systematically measuring the phenomenon. Using data from 527 undergraduates at a large, public university, we provide an operational definition via development of the Consumerist Attitudes Toward Undergraduate Education scale. Correlations between “Consumerism” and four additional scales indicate that a consumerist approach is distinct from many of the concerns associated with it. These findings provide new tools to advance the discussion of student consumerism and its effects on teaching and learning.
Scheduling the monitoring of EDP controls in online systems

The aspects of internal control which troubles executives most is the increasing dependence of their organizations on computers for financial reporting and operational effectiveness. Given the growing number of computer applications, particularly those of a more complex nature—exemplified by data base management systems, distributed networks, and online processing—there is a need for tools to help in establishing and monitoring controls in such systems. To date, those who have addressed this issue have concentrated on models for choosing between alternative systems of control. In this paper, we address what we view as a more pressing issue—that is, the development of models to guide management and systems designers in establishing the frequency of monitoring internal controls. With the increased capability for embedding audit modules in the processing system, the question of frequency of monitoring becomes a concern in the systems design, itself.
How do you treat patients with myalgia who take statins

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) are safe and effective in lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. As a result, they confer an all-cause mortality benefit across a wide range of patient groups. The utility of statins is limited by their adverse effects, including myalgias and rhabdomyolysis. These clinical events, plus other symptoms, constitute what is termed statin myopathy. This review summarizes current concepts of statin myopathy and presents strategies to minimize statinassociated myopathic complaints.
Consumption and portfolio policies with incomplete markets and short-sale constraints: The infinite dimensional case☆

Abstract We employ a martingale approach to study a dynamic consumption-portfolio problem in continuous time with incomplete markets and short-sale constraints. We introduce a notion of minimax local martingale and transform the dynamic problem into a static problem of maximizing expected utility over the consumption bundles that satisfy a single budget constraint formed using that measure. We establish the existence of and characterize the minimax local measure, provide sufficient conditions for the dynamic consumption-portfolio problem to have a solution, and relate the optimal policies to the solution of quasi-linear partial differential equation.
Prions: Novel Pathogens of Environmental Concern?

On March 13, 2006, the U.S. Department of Agriculture announced the third case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSE or “mad cow” disease in the United States, the eighth confirmed case in North America. A ninth case was announced a month later by Canadian officials. While North America is not expected to experience a BSE outbreak of the magnitude as that in the United Kingdom 180,927 cases as of March 1, 2006, www.defra.gov.uk , the causal link between BSE and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease vCJD in humans has focused government and industry attention on preventing human exposure to the disease agent. The geographic range of a related disease, chronic wasting disease CWD of North American cervids members of the deer family , has expanded rapidly in the last six years. Once believed to be confined to parts of northeastern Colorado and southeastern Wyoming, CWD is now present in captive and wild deer populations in fourteen states and two Canadian provinces www.nwhc.usgs.gov/disease-information/chronicwasting-disease/north-america-CWD-map.jsp . Management responses in several states and provinces have involved significant reductions in wild cervid populations and depopulation of game farms. There is no evidence that CWD is transmissible to humans, however, recent research has demonstrated the experimental transmission of CWD to squirrel monkeys Marsh et al. 2005 and that CWD agent is present in deer muscle Angers et al. 2006 . These findings may intensify concern by scientists, wildlife managers, and the general public about potential human exposure to CWD agent. BSE, CWD, CJD, and scrapie a natural infection of sheep and goats belong to a family of infectious, neurodegenerative diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies TSEs or prion diseases. TSEs are characterized by long incubation periods, spongiform degeneration of the brain, accumulation of PrPSc a misfolded form of a normally benign cell-surface prion protein PrPC , loss of coordination and, in humans, personality changes and memory loss Prusiner 1998 . These diseases have long preclinical phases, and once clinical symptoms
Parmelia pustulifera, a new lichen from southeastern United States

A new species inParmelia subgenusParmelia sect.Hypotrachyna,P. pustulifera, is described from southeastern United States. It is similar in chemistry and fine structure of the cortex toP. livida Taylor and in gross morphology toP. formosana Zahlbr.
Hidden Markov Modeling of Waiting Times in the 1985 Yellowstone Earthquake Swarm

Earthquake swarms occur in many regions of the world. The study of earthquake swarms is very limited, and most contributions are descriptive. In this paper we propose use of a hidden Markov model to estimate the distribution of waiting times for swarm earthquakes and apply this approach to the largest earthquake swarm in the history of the Yellowstone area. Hidden Markov modeling is superior to modeling using either single distributions or finite mixture distributions because of the heterogeneity of data and temporal dependencies in earthquake sequences.
Effect of niobium filaments on mechanical response and fracture characteristics of dispersion strengthened copper alloy and copper–niobium microcomposite

Abstract In this study, the microstructure, tensile deformation, cyclic stress amplitude-controlled fatigue and final fracture behavior of a microcomposite based on an oxide dispersion strengthened copper matrix were examined. Specimens of the microcomposite and an unreinforced dispersion strengthened copper counterpart were cyclically deformed, over a range of cyclic stress amplitudes, at both ambient and elevated temperatures. Increase in test temperature was found to have a detrimental influence on the cyclic fatigue life of the copper–niobium microcomposite. Temperature was found to have little influence on the cyclic fatigue life of the unreinforced dispersion strengthened microstructure. For both the unreinforced and reinforced materials macroscopic fracture was reminiscent of brittle failure over the entire range of stress amplitudes. However, on a microscopic scale cyclic fracture revealed features reminiscent of locally brittle and ductile mechanisms. The mechanical properties and cyclic fatigue behavior of the microcomposite are discussed in light of the mutually competitive influences of intrinsic composite microstructural effects, cyclic stress amplitude, test temperature and macroscopic aspects of fracture. The conjoint influence of the reinforcing niobium filaments and the oxide dispersoids in governing the response of the copper matrix is also discussed.
Mirna-448 is a Precursor of Ros-Derived Dystrophic Cardiomyopathy

NAD(P)H oxidases (NOXs) are of one the major sources of ROS in heart. Recently we reported that NOX2-mediated oxidative stress drives the development of cellular phenotype of cardiac dystrophy. Here we investigated the role of miRNAs in upregulation of NOX2 gene expression. Initial screening with a microRNA target prediction on-line database identified a number of microRNAs that are potential regulators of NOX2 genes. Following qRT-PCR screening of these microRNAs showed a drastic 10-fold down-regulation of miR-448 in hearts of young dystrophic mice. The latter correlated with overexpression of the Ncf1 gene, encoding the NOX2 regulatory subunit p47phox. Specificity of Ncf1 targeting by miR-448 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. To study the effect of miR-448 silencing on molecular, cellular and functional properties of normal hearts, we intravenously injected wild type mice with LNA-NC and LNA-miR-448 inhibitors. qRT-PCR, western blotting, confocal imaging of ROS and intracellular Ca2+ signals and echocardiography were employed. Acute inhibition of miR-448 resulted in an increase in Ncf1 expression as well as enhanced ROS production and augmented intracellular Ca2+ signaling in isolated cardiomyocytes. In addition, prolong (over one month) inhibition of miR-448 led to the deterioration of cardiac functions and development of dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia. Overall, WT mice with inhibited miR-448 mimicked many features of dystrophic cardiomyopathy. Our data suggest that downregulation of miR-448 relieves inhibition of translational initiation of Ncf1 in dystrophic cardiomyopathy. It results in an increase in Ncf1 expression and consequently in oxidative stress and enhanced Ca2+ signaling in dystrophic heart well before cardiac dysfunction becomes evident.
Metal complexes of alkylating agents—I Complexes of aziridinyl substituted phosphine oxides: potential anti-cancer agents

Abstract Complexes of phosphine oxides substituted with aziridine and 2-methylaziridine have been prepared with both transition and nontransition metals. Despite the similarity of these ligands to hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), the replacement of the dimethylamino group with the aziridine function apparently reduces the coordinating ability of the ligand. The ligands used in this work are compounds of known anti-cancer potential. Initial screening results for anti-tumor activity of the complexes are presented.