cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vector Iteration in Pointed Iterative Theories

This paper is a sequel to a previous paper S. L. Bloom, C. C. Elgot and J. B. Wright, Solutions of the iteration equation and extensions of the scalar iteration operations, SIAM J. Comput., 9 (1980), pp. 25–45. In that paper it was proved that for each morphism ⊥: 1 → 0 in an iterative theory J there is exactly one extension of the scalar iteration operation in J to all scalar morphisms such that \( I_1^{ + } = \bot \) and all scalar iterative identities remain valid. In this paper the scalar iteration operation in the pointed iterative theory (J, ⊥) is extended to vector morphisms while preserving all the old identities.
A Note on the Onsager-Casimir Relations

Day showed that for a linear anisotropic viscoelastic material the kernels in the memory integral are necessarily symmetric, if the dissipation associated with an arbitrary strain history extending from the infinite past to the infinite future is invariant under time-reversal. It is shown in the present note how these ideas can be extended to yield the Onsager-Casimir reciprocal relations, at any rate in certain cases.
Structure and Function of an Unusual Family of Protein Phosphatases: The Bacterial Chemotaxis Proteins CheC and CheX

In bacterial chemotaxis, phosphorylated CheY levels control the sense of flagella rotation and thereby determine swimming behavior. In E. coli, CheY dephosphorylation by CheZ extinguishes the switching signal. But, instead of CheZ, many chemotactic bacteria contain CheC, CheD, and/or CheX. The crystal structures of T. maritima CheC and CheX reveal a common fold unlike that of any other known protein. Unlike CheC, CheX dimerizes via a continuous β sheet between subunits. T. maritima CheC, as well as CheX, dephosphorylate CheY, although CheC requires binding of CheD to achieve the activity of CheX. Structural analyses identified one conserved active site in CheX and two in CheC; mutations therein reduce CheY-phosphatase activity, but only mutants of two invariant asparagine residues are completely inactive even in the presence of CheD. Our structures indicate that the flagellar switch components FliY and FliM resemble CheC more closely than CheX, but attribute phosphatase activity only to FliY.
The Measurement of Modernism: A Study of Values in Brazil and Mexico

Preface Chapter I. The Modernization of Values Traditional Society versus Modern Society Causes and Effects Values and Norms Career Values Three Men From Ideal Types to Variables The Components of Modernism Empirical Syndrome of Modernism Conclusions Chapter II. The Operational Definition of Modernism The Questionnaire The Samples The Scales Modernism I Stability of Modernism I in Subsamples Rotation of Axes Modernism II Conclusions Chapter III. Who Are the Modern Men? Component Value Scales Comparisons between Brazil and Mexico: Modernism III Comparisons with the United States Conclusions Chapter IV. Modern Values, Education, and Occupation From School to Job How Much Is an Education Worth? Why Do Boys Stay in School? The Prediction of Education by Father's Status and by Size of Town Values and Education Conclusions Chapter V. Modern Values and Fertility Ideals Fertility Ideals The Role of Values Family Structure in Brazil and Mexico Supporting Evidence on Family Structure Nonfamily Relationships A Theory of Causation Conclusions Chapter VI. Personal Satisfaction and Political Attitudes Job and Career Satisfaction Life Satisfaction Relations among the Three Indices of Satisfaction Satisfaction, Occupation, and Location Time Sequence: Satisfaction Relative to Aspiration Education, Occupation, and Satisfaction Income and Satisfaction Measures of Radical Orientation Status, Satisfaction, and Radicalism Mexican Manual Workers Mexican Nonmanual Workers The Ambivalent Mexican Conclusions Chapter VII. Work Attitudes The Wide Range of Views Specific Job Attitudes Rating by the Boss Conclusions Chapter VIII. Conclusions: Modernism and Development The Value Scales The Typical Modem Man Where Is the Modern Man? Validity of the Tools Values and Education Values and Family Size Satisfaction and Politics Work Attitudes Values: Means or Ends? Values and Economic Development Appendix A. Socio-Economic Status Social Stratification The Respondents' Status Indices Index of SES Measures of Parental Status Social-Class Identification Deviant Cases Time Sequence Multivariate Analysis of Identification Identification as an Intervening Variable Clerks versus Skilled Workers Conclusions Appendix B. Fathers and Sons: Intergenerational Mobility Rates of Mobility: Correlation Coefficients Father's SES, Son's Education, Son's SES Problems of Matrix Analysis of Occupational Mobility Matrices for Brazil and Mexico Education and Mobility Conclusions Appendix C. Portuguese Translation of Value Scales Appendix D. Spanish Translation of Value Scales Bibliography Index
Fan beam generated by a linear-array fed parabolic reflector

The theoretical background and the results of computer simulations and experimental studies for a parabolic reflector fed by a linear array are detailed. The concept of using a parabolic reflector antenna fed by a small linear array to generate fan-beam patterns is validated. Large angle scan along the broad-beam direction of the fan beam can be achieved by offsetting the linear array laterally. It is both empirically and numerically demonstrated that the array feed must be displaced in the reflector's axial direction to an optimum location from the focal plane in order to achieve the best antenna gain performance. As a result, the linear-array fed parabolic reflector can be used in place of a long planar array in a multifunctional reflector antenna system. >
Tailoring mixed matrix composite membranes for gas separations

Abstract Polymeric gas separation membrane materials have improved significantly over the past two decades due to systematic optimization in backbone structure. Recent evidence suggests, however, that advantages of a purely polymer-based approach are reaching diminishing returns for important separations such as O2 and N2. Zeolites, carbon molecular sieves (CMS), and rigid rod polymers offer attractive transport properties but are difficult and expensive to process. Mixed matrix composite (MMC) membranes, incorporating molecular sieving materials within polymeric substrates, may provide economical, high performance gas separation membranes if defects at the molecular sieve/polymer interface can be eliminated. In addition, careful matching of the intrinsic permeability and selectivity of the support matrix and the molecular sieve domains is necessary. Theoretical O2 permeability and O2/N2 selectivity predictions are presented for such optimized membranes of zeolite 4A and CMS in Ultem® and Udel® matrices using two idealized expressions based on classical and more recent results. Positive and desirable deviations from these idealized results can be anticipated if a continuous molecular sieving phase is formed, but this special case is not required if a proper selection of the polymer matrix is made.
Gender and the borderlands of becoming

2nd ed., by Raewyn Connell, Cambridge, Polity Press, 2009, xi + 180 pp., £14.99, €18.00, US$19.95 (paperback), ISBN 9780745645681 by Pia Pichler, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, xi + 269 pp....
The independent estimation of 11-desoxycortisol and cortisol in a single plasma sample.

A method for the determination of cortisol and 11-desoxycortisol in a single small sample of blood plasma is described. This column chromatographic method employs, successively, Florisil and silica gel columns for purification and separation of cortisol and 11-desoxycortisol. After separation of the steroids, each is measured quantitatively by use of the Porter-Silber reaction. Values were determined for cortisol and 11-desoxycortisol in the early morning blood plasma of normal subjects. The application of the method in conjunction with the SU-4885 test is illustrated by presentation of the results obtained in 2 normal subjects and in 2 patients with Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal perplasia.
NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS MASQUERADING AS CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME: 12 CASES OF FAILED CARPAL TUNNEL RELEASE

We describe 12 patients with a diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome in whom carpal tunnel release was unsuccessful and another neurologic disorder was diagnosed subsequently. Final diagnoses included polyneuropathy, radiculopathy, motor neuron disease, spondylotic myelopathy, syringomyelia, and multiple sclerosis. Sources of error by the electromyographer and treating physician were identified. Care must be taken to avoid an inappropriate carpal tunnel operation when clinical or electrodiagnostic features are atypical.
Non-equilibrium interface of a two-dimensional low-temperature crystal

We study the interface in an Ising system with nearest-neighbor interaction on a square lattice at very low temperatures, when the Wulff shape of a nucleus is almost a perfect square. Spins are randomly flipped via Metropolis-type dynamics. At moderately strong undercoolings, the step nucleation rates can be evaluated from the first principles. This permits the description of the growth of an infinite interface using a step-on-step nucleation picture. The averaged shape of the interface is universal (i.e., it does not depend on any parameters as long as the interface remains stable), and its growth rate, in appropriate variables, also has no free parameters. For finite sizes of two-dimensional crystals their growth can be dominated by nucleation of single steps, and becomes size-dependent. For both infinite- and finite-size interfaces growth rates are in good agreement with large-scale Monte Carlo simulations. At high undercoolings the interface becomes very rough, in which case the crystals switch to circular shapes, in contrast to the equilibrium Wulff expectation.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Mercury, Automated by Sequential Injection and Miniaturized in Lab-on-Valve System

Sodium borohydride-based hydride generation was automated by using programmable flow within the lab-on-valve module. Mercury vapor, generated in the reaction mixture, was extracted in a gas/liquid separator. The gas- expansion separator was miniaturized and compared with the performance of a novel gas separator that exploits the combination of Venturi effect and reduced pressure. Cold vapor atomic spectroscopy was used as a model system, with detection of mercury by absorption at 254 nm and limit of detection of 9 μg of Hg/L, using 300 μL of sample and 100 μL of borohydride. This work introduces, for the first time, sequential injection technique for hydride generation, highlights advantages of using programmable flow, and outlines means for miniaturization of assays based on spectroscopy of volatile species.
From the Editor in Chief: Looking Backward

Choosing "interesting" Web sites had become too amorphous an activity -there were too many of them, showing too much variety of content and aims. The Internet of 1997 was unsure if the expanding traffic load would lead to collapse. The Internet of 2006 debates whether differential pricing will hasten or impede the seemingly certain-to-appear living room virtual reality
Observation of defect annealing in neutron-irradiated silicon by space-charge-limited current.

Use of space-charge-limited current (SCLC) to observe defect annealing in neutron-irradiated silicon. From the observation of the trap-filled-limit voltage a deep-trap concentration in the irradiated unannealed crystals is found to be at least 1.4 x 10 to the 12th power per cu cm. Shallow traps are also observed. This deep-trap concentration decreases with anneal temperature up to 200 C, above which SCLC can no longer be observed. There is evidence that at least some of this decrease is due to the conversion of the deep traps to shallow traps.
Some health problems in the Somali Republic

Resume Si la plupart des maladies infectieuses sont plus ou moins jugulees dans les pays developpes, elles subsistent a l'etat latent en Somalie, ou les conditions climatologiques s'ajoutent au mode de vie semi-nomade d'environ deux tiers de la population pour faire surgir des problemes speciaux nuisant a l'efficacite de l'education en matiere de sante publique. Certaines formes d'un service de sante publique existaient des 1886, mais aucun effort bien determine ne fut deploye avant 1948 pour ameliorer leur efficacite. Des campagnes d'extirpation de la malaria et de la tuberculose ont ete entreprises cette annee-la avec l'aide l'OMS et d'UNICEF et ces organismes ont aussi accorde leur assistance pour la mise sur pied de centres de sante publique. Les problemes auxquels il faut faire face sont les difficultes administratives decoulant de l'usage officiel de trois langues, le cout des services (rien n'est compte aux beneficiaires), le manque de moyens de transport et la difficulte de garder avec les nomades le contact indispensable a tout traitement suivi. L'amelioration de la sante publique depend en tout premier lieu de l'action preventive, dans laquelle les centres sanitaires collectifs et les dispensaires mobiles pourraient assumer un role important. Les patients pourraient etre visites a domicile, methode de traitement moins couteuse ici que l'hospitalisation. La population comptant 65% d'enfants de moins de 15 ans et de femmes en âge de maternite, l'accent devrait etre mis sur les services charges du bien-etre des meres et des enfants et des cliniques pour meres et enfants devraient etre installees le plus rapidement possible. La population de la Somalie n'est pas sous-alimentee, mais la malnutrition pose un probleme qu'il faut resoudre en apprenant aux habitants a se nourrir correctement. Un autre probleme decoule des activites nefastes des rebouteux traditionnels. Bon nombre d'interventions de ces derniers, par exemple la circoncision et l'uvulotomie, peuvent entrainer des infirmites graves, voire la mort. Ces interventions devraient etre surveillees par des professionnels. La solution de la plupart des problemes de sante du pays reside dans l'education. Les personnes qui s'en chargeront le plus utilement sont sans aucun doute les educateurs sanitaires indigenes inities aux coutumes et cultures de leur propre peuple. Il importe donc de former du personnel sanitaire de toutes les qualifications et, tout specialement, des infirmieres de collectivite.
Onset of spatially chaotic waves on flowing films.

Periodic two-dimensional waves on the surface of a flowing film are generally unstable. We have investigated their breakdown experimentally to determine the process by which film flows undergo a transition to spatiotemporal chaos. The two-dimensional secondary instabilities studied here are convective (like the primary instability); both subharmonic and sideband instabilities occur, but in different ranges of frequency.
A clinicopathologic study of malignant lymphomas of the nose, paranasal sinuses, and hard palate, including cases of lethal midline granuloma.

Malignant lymphomas of the nose, paranasal sinuses, and hard palate show marked clinicopathologic, immunologic, and prognostic diversity. The clinical features and pathologic spectrum of these lesions were studied in 20 cases (11 female and 9 male cases) with a mean age of 51 years at initial presentation. Malignant lymphomas of the large cell type were most frequently encountered (11/20). The next largest category was malignant lymphoma, diffuse, mixed small and large cell type (six of 20). Two thirds, 13 of 20 cases, had morphologic features suggestive of peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Necrosis, an angiocentric growth pattern, and epitheliotropism were found in nine, eight, and three cases, respectively. Of ten cases immunophenotyped on fresh-frozen or fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, eight had a T-cell phenotype and two had a B-cell phenotype. Of 17 patients with sufficient follow-up data, ten are alive (median follow-up 33 months) and seven are dead (median survival 12 months). Patients with clinical Stages IE and IIE did not have a superior 5-year survival to those with more advanced disease. Histologic type also did not correlate with survival but this may be due to the aggressive histologic grade of the majority of cases and the retrospective nature of this study. The authors conclude that, despite the overall high-grade histologic type, the pathologic spectrum of malignant lymphomas involving this anatomic region is broad. Furthermore, some cases do not fit well into the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Working Formulation but more closely resemble the histologic features of peripheral T-cell lymphomas described in Japan. Cancer 64:2525–2531, 1989.
Lessons Learned about Barriers to Hepatitis C Testing: Implications for Policy

Despite primary prevention efforts to educate the public about hepatitis C, the most prevalent blood-borne human disease in the world today, most Americans remain unaware of their infection status. Widespread screening programs established to identify those at risk have been slow to emerge and difficult to implement, especially when compared to the nation's rapid response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Analysis of screening and testing practices among nurses and other clinicians within the Veterans Affairs Administration (VA), the site of the most comprehensive hepatitis C virus outreach program to date, reveals numerous barriers to reaching at-risk veterans. It is worthwhile to examine the VA experience for lessons in how to identify other Americans at risk, particularly those without access to primary care in well-funded, organized systems of care.
A taxonomy for decision models

Decision models can be classified according to the number of decision makers (x1), of decision criteria (x2), and of decisions called for (x3). If we allow eachx j to take one of the values ‘1’ or ‘m’ (many), we have 8 possible triples (x1,x2,x3) each of which defines or describes a class of decision models. The simplest and by far the most prevalent in textbooks and journals are the two (1, 1,m) and (1, 1, 1). The two classes (m, 1,x3) include most of game theory and models for fair allocation; the importance of these classes is widely comprehended. The classes (1,m,x3) are somewhat less well understood although increasingly recognized in the literature of decision models. The class (m, m, 1) has not achieved broad attention even though it relates to highly important national and worldwide problems. Finally, despite its potential importance, the class (m, m, m) has received almost no attention from modelers.
Edge effects in seed and egg predation at two neotropical rainforest sites

Depredation of seeds and eggs in a Belizian rainforest was investigated using peanuts and hen's eggs. Seed predation rates were significantly higher 500 m into the forest from the edge than 30 m and 100 m from the edge. Conversely, egg predation was higher in a 100 m zone near the edge. These edge effects were evident even though the edge was a minor road through otherwise continuous forest. In a similar study, in Veracruz, Mexico, using seeds of the canopy tree Brosimum alicastrum, seed predation followed a similar trend to that observed in Belize. Having accounted for the variation in seed production between trees, the level of predation on Brosimum seeds increased with the distance from the forest edge. The effects of habitat edges on seed and egg predators have potential implications for their dynamics in fragmented landscapes. It is speculated that when an edge is created where previously there was continuous, pristine forest, edge effects may effect the community structure through their impact on the recruitment of plants and egg-laying animals.
A System Reliability Analysis

16.8 percent j=1~~~~~~~~~ Severity offailures Weighted PerCentdown- Weighted failure A t varies time rate ~~~~~Assuming thatri >> qi,andneglecting scheduled varies time rate r n n
The Misuse of Expected Returns

Much textbook emphasis is placed on the mathematical notion of expected return and its historical estimate via an arithmetic average of past returns. But those wanting to forecast a typical future cumulative return should be more interested in estimating the median future cumulative return than in estimating the mathematical expected cumulative return. For that purpose, continuous compounding of the mathematical expected log gross return is more relevant than ordinary compounding of the mathematical expected gross return. Self-test
Membrane Peeler Cutter: Automated Vitreous Scissors and Hooked Needle

• A new instrument, the membrane peeler cutter (MPC), has a solenoid-activated right-angled microscissors (diameter, 0.9 mm) that can be used as a hooked needle as well. It has been successfully used in more than 50 vitrectomy procedures that were complicated by intraocular membrane formation at the preretinal level. It has also been helpful in the cutting of pupillary membranes.
Tunable far-infrared radiation from optically pumped potassium Rydberg transitions

We report the generation of tunable far-infrared radiation by the optical pumping of potassium metal vapor to the13p Rykberg state. Subsequent cascade by stimulated emission is measured at several wavelengths between 76 and 146 cm−1 with a conversion quantum efficiency of greater than 10 percent. Emission observed in this region are tuned up to 18 GHz by the application of a pulsed Stark field across a parallel-plate heat pipe. Cascade branching to the 11d to 10f transition at 146 cm−1 is observed which can be tuned up to 7 cm−1 in our device. Similar branching following excitation up to the 18 p state is shown to provide almost complete tunability in the far-infrared region.
The effect of payer mix on the adoption of information technologies by hospitals

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have examined the relationship between organization characteristics and hospital adoption of information technology (IT). However, no known study has examined whether patient characteristics of those treated at a given hospital influences the decision to adopt IT. PURPOSE The present study combines primary and secondary data to examine the effect of payer mix (the combination of payers that make up a given hospital's patient discharges) on IT adoption in hospitals. METHODS Survey data from Florida hospitals were combined with the state's hospital discharge database. Multiple regression analyses were used to analyze the data. RESULTS When examining Medicare, Medicaid, traditional commercial insurance, and managed-care plans, only an increase of managed-care patients, as a percentage of hospital discharges, was associated with a significant increased likelihood to adopt clinical and administrative IT applications by hospitals. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Our results suggest that increasing cost pressures associated with managed-care environments are driving hospitals' adoption of clinical and administrative IT systems as such adoption is expected to improve hospital efficiency and lower costs. Given that such cost pressures are also emergent in Medicare, Medicaid, and traditional third-party payment environments, an opportunity exists for these parties to motivate hospital IT adoption as a means for cost reduction.
Rereading Eve: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the woman's Bible, 1885–1896

(1991). Rereading Eve: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the woman's Bible, 1885–1896. Women's Studies: Vol. 19, No. 3-4, pp. 371-383.
Liquid chromatography: theory and methodology.

Books, Reviews, and Symposia Proceedings 515R Theory and Optimization 516R Theory 516R Optimization 517R Data Analysis 520R Stationary Phase Classification 520R Retention/Solute-Stationary Phase Interactions 521R Modeling/Peak Characterization/Smoothing 521R Calibration and Curve Fitting 521R Deconvolution 521R Factor Analysis 521R Miscellaneous Fundamental Studies 521R Pharmacological and Biological Applications 522R Normal Phase 522R Reversed-Phase 523R Mobile Phase Studies 524R Stationary-Phase Studies 525R Biopolymer Separations 527R Column Packings 527R Reversed Phase 529R Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography 531R
Modulation of spinal reflexes by pyramidal tract stimulation in an in vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparation from the hamster.

Electrophysiological evidence is presented showing that the pyramidal tract (PT) of the hamster modulates spinal reflexes in an in vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparation. Three spinal reflexes were studied. Stimulation of a dorsal root (DR) while recording from a ventral root (VR) of the same spinal segment evoked two reflexes: the monosynaptic reflex, and a long latency polysynaptic reflex. Stimulation of a DR while recording from a DR immediately rostral to it elicited a volley of antidromic discharges characteristic of the dorsal root reflex (DRR). The effect of PT stimulation on reflex transmission was tested by stimulating the PT at varying intervals prior to evoking a reflex. The results show that the amplitude of the monosynaptic reflex is progressively inhibited when preceded at shorter delays by a train of PT stimuli. Similarly, PT stimulation also suppresses the long latency reflex. In contrast, the PT facilitates the DRR and repeated stimulation of the PT may evoke antidromic discharges recorded from the DRs. These data from the in vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparation indicate that the PT of the hamster exerts both inhibitory and facilitatory effects on reflex transmission in the spinal cord. The present study shows that it is possible to examine the descending control of spinal circuitry using an in vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparation.
Analysis of Light Detection and Ranging Wind Speed Measurements for Wind Turbine Control

Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems are able to measure the speed of incoming wind before it reaches a wind turbine rotor. These preview wind measurements can be used in feedforward control systems designed to reduce turbine structural loads. However, the degree to which such preview-based control techniques can reduce loads by reacting to turbulence depends on how accurately the incoming wind field can be measured. This study examines the accuracy of different measurement scenarios that rely on coherent continuous-wave or pulsed Doppler LIDAR systems, in terms of root-mean-square measurement error, to determine their applicability to feedforward control. In particular, the impacts of measurement range, angular offset of the LIDAR beam from the wind direction, and measurement noise are studied for various wind conditions. A realistic simulation case involving a scanning LIDAR unit mounted in the spinner of a MW-scale wind turbine is studied in depth, with emphasis on preview distances that provide minimum measurement error for a specific scan radius. Measurement error is analyzed for LIDAR-based estimates of point wind speeds at the rotor as well as spanwise averaged blade effective wind speeds. The impact of turbulence structures with high coherent turbulent kinetic energy on measurement error is discussed as well. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global Optimum Design of Cold-Formed Steel Z-Shape Beams

Using the computational neural network model developed recently by the writers, a comprehensive parametric study is performed for global optimization of cold-formed steel I-shape beams based on the American Iron and Steel Institute specification. Design curves are presented for global optimum values of the thickness, the web depth-to-thickness ratio, and the flange width-to-thickness ratio.
Numerical Modeling of Solids Precipitation of a Binary Mixture Flowing in a Horizontal Pipeline

In this paper, 2D heat transfer and solidification process of a binary mixture of ammonium chloride and water in a horizontal pipeline were investigated numerically. A standard k-e turbulent model and an enthalpy-porosity technique were used to model the turbulent flow and solidification process in a straight pipeline. The model was validated with existing experimental results for solidification process in enclosures and channels. The governing equations of the model were solved by a control volume method. The effect of pipeline wall temperature variations on the solidification process and transport characteristics were carried out. Pressure drop in the pipeline, flow area reduction due to solidification, and quantity of formed solid, were evaluated. Information about the solidification process characteristics, such as temperature distribution, liquid fraction contours, and detailed description of transient evolution of liquid-solid interface during under variant initial wall temperature were presented and discussed.
Effect of free fatty acid mobilization on the electrophoretic mobility of α-lipoproteins in the dog

Dogs were given infusions of norepinephrine and subsequent additional infusions of propranolol and nicotinic acid over a 4-hr period. Under different physiological conditions, α-lipoproteins of three different electrophoretic mobilities were identified by means of paper electrophoresis; they were designated α-lipoproteins X, Y, and Z. During norepinephrine infusion, α-lipoprotein Y fell from 45% (of all lipoproteins) to 14%. There was a reciprocal rise in α-lipoprotein Z. On the other hand, α-lipoprotein X was not significantly changed. There was evidence that α-lipoprotein Y was progressively transformed into α-lipoprotein Z by increasing plasma FFA concentrations. The percentages of both α-lipoproteins Y and Z returned to original values after the dogs were given either nicotinic acid or propranolol. The alterations in the α-lipoprotein peaks Y and Z were rapid, being noted within 5 min of change in plasma FFA concentration. However, there appeared to be a threshold of plasma FFA concentration of 1200 μEq/liter, below which no changes in α-lipoproteins were noted. It was concluded that α-lipoprotein Y is rapidly, progressively, but reversibly transformed into α-lipoprotein Z by binding to plasma FFA above a threshold level of 1200 μEq/liter. However, α-lipoprotein X does not appear to be involved in the binding of plasma FFA.
Two Quantum Cluster Approximations

We provide microscopic diagrammatic derivations of the Molecular Coherent Potential Approximation (MCA) and Dynamical Cluster Approximation (DCA) and show that both are Φ-derivable. The MCA (DCA) maps the lattice onto a self-consistently embedded cluster with open (periodic) boundary conditions, and therefore violates (preserves) the translational symmetry of the original lattice. As a consequence of the boundary conditions, the MCA (DCA) converges slowly (quickly) with corrections \( \mathcal{O}(1/L_c )(\mathcal{O}(1L_c^2 )) \), where L c is the linear size of the cluster. However, local quantities, when measured in the center of the MCA cluster, converge more quickly than the DCA result. These results are demonstrated numerically for the one-dimensional symmetric Falicov-Kimball model
Sex-Related Differences in Metabolic Rate and Energy Reserves in Spring-Breeding Small-Mouthed Salamanders (Ambystoma texanum)

Abstract We investigated differences in metabolism and metabolic substrates between male and female small-mouthed salamanders (Ambystoma texanum) collected from breeding sites. Resting O2 consumption rates (VO2) of gravid females at 15 C were roughly double those of males and postgravid females. Whole-body triglyceride and glycogen contents were similar among males, gravid females, and postgravid females, but free glucose contents were higher in both gravid and postgravid females than in males. Respiratory quotients for all groups were ∼0.9, suggesting a relatively high dependence on carbohydrates to fuel metabolism. Our findings suggest that females have a considerably higher metabolic cost of reproduction than do males. Such differences may be associated with aspects of life history and ecology such as sexual size dimorphism, age of sexual maturity, asynchronous arrival at breeding areas, and differential survival between the sexes.
Genetically determined differences in the amylase activity of mouse submandibular glands.

SummaryExamination of 10 different inbred strains and 2 hybrids of mice indicated that the normal levels of amylase activity vary from one strain to another. Further, the activity of the enzyme in the salivary gland tissue is markedly altered by gonadectomy. The effect of such endocrinological imbalancing varies with each strain. In some strains enzyme activity remains unchanged. In some, activity increases while in others it decreases. The pattern of change was not always the same for females as for males of the same strain. In other words, we are dealing with an enzyme system which is related to the genotype, but which may be influenced in an undetermined fashion by endocrine manipulation.
A 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS 4.0-Gbit/s serial link transceiver with data recovery using oversampling

A 4-Gbit/s serial link transceiver is fabricated in a MOSIS 0.5-/spl mu/m HPCMOS process. To achieve the high data rate without speed critical logic on chip, the data are multiplexed when transmitted and immediately demultiplexed when received. This parallelism is achieved by using multiple phases tapped from a PLL using the phase spacing to determine the bit time. Using an 8:1 multiplexer yields 4 Gbits/s, with an on-chip VCO running at 500 MHz. The internal logic runs at 250 MHz. For robust data recovery, the input is sampled at 3/spl times/ the bit rate and uses a digital phase-picking logic to recover the data. The digital phase picking can adjust the sample at the clock rate to allow high tracking bandwidth. With a 3.3-V supply, the chip has a measured bit error rate (BER) of <10/sup -14/.
On Clutter Rank Observed by Arbitrary Arrays

This paper analyzes the rank and eigenspectrum of the clutter covariance matrix observed by space-time radar systems with arbitrarily configured arrays and varying look geometry. Motivated by recent applications that suggest use of nonuniform antenna arrays, a generalized theory of clutter rank is derived and demonstrated. First, a one-dimensional effective random process is defined by projecting the measurements obtained by an arbitrary space-time radar system into an equivalent one-dimensional sampling structure. Then, this projection and the Karhunen-Loeve representation of random processes are used to predict clutter rank based on effective aperture-bandwidth product. Simulated results are used to confirm the theory over a wide range of scenarios, and along the way, the well-known Brennan's rule for clutter rank is shown to be a special case of the proposed aperture-bandwidth product
Using contextual integrity to examine interpersonal information boundary on social network sites

Although privacy problems in Social Network Sites (SNS) have become more salient than ever in recent years, interpersonal privacy issues in SNS remain understudied. This study aims to generate insights in understanding users' interpersonal privacy concerns by expounding interpersonal privacy boundaries in SNS. Through a case analysis of Friendship Pages on Facebook, this paper identifies users' interpersonal privacy concerns that are rooted from informational norms outlined in the theory of contextual integrity, as well as the tensions that occur within and cross these informational norms. This paper concludes with a discussion of design implications and future research.
The Influence of Platelet Collagen Receptor Polymorphisms in Hemostasis and Thrombotic Disease

Extracellular collagens modulate the rate of platelet activation and thereby markedly influence hemostasis and thrombosis. Platelet receptors for collagens, such as the integrin alpha(2)beta(1), platelet glycoprotein (GP) VI or, indirectly, the GPIb complex, are unexploited targets of pharmacological control, and polymorphisms of these receptors have recently become factored into the genetic risk for thrombosis. Seemingly contradictory findings already exist with regard to the contribution of GPIbalpha and integrin alpha(2) polymorphisms, but these discrepancies will be resolved once there is better standardization of clinical studies. There is already substantial evidence that GPIbalpha VNTR A or B alleles, the GPIbalpha-5C allele, and integrin alpha(2) allele 1 (T(807)) each contribute to increased risk for morbidity in thrombotic disease. However, larger, prospective genetic and epidemiological studies are needed to clarify the role of each of these polymorphisms, the contribution of other platelet receptor polymorphisms, and the synergistic effects of combinations of these factors. In addition, in vitro studies that establish the functional relevance of these polymorphisms will provide sound biological explanations for the results of clinical correlation studies.
Elders’ Experiences of the Death of an Adult Child

The death of a child can result in complicated grief. Thirty-one adults, 60 years of age or older, who lost an adult child, participated in a qualitative study using a focus group format that allowed them to discuss their experience. A hermeneutical approach was used to develop an overall thematic description of what it meant to an older person to lose an adult child. Four major themes emerged: losses, limited influence/decision making power, regrets, and decreased quality of life. Suggested interventions to prevent complicated grief in elders who experienced the death of an adult child include attentive listening, storytelling, and the use of metaphors.
Measuring costs from permitted gaming: concepts and categories in evaluating gambling's consequences.

This paper addresses the methodology of cost–benefit analysis as applied to policy alternatives regarding legally sanctioned gambling in its various forms. Existing economic studies regarding the social costs of gambling are reviewed and critiqued. Distinctions are made between definitions of social costs that are defined as actions which result in negative changes in aggregate social wealth (the “narrow” definition), and those which also include internal nonmarket costs that are borne by individual gamblers and their immediate families and acquaintances (the “broader” definition). This distinction is important because of its bearing on economic policies that are primarily concerned with economic efficiency versus policies that are more paternalistic, which attempt to protect individuals from self-damage or self-destruction by restricting their ranges of choice. Whether societies choose to prohibit or severely restrict permitted gambling, or allocate substantial resources to mitigate its negative side effects, rests largely on which of these perspectives regarding social costs they find more appropriate. Finally, the issue of social protection through restrictions on the availability of gambling to the entire population, versus a strategy tailored toward identifiable “problem” gamblers, is discussed.
Comparison of acoustic model adaptation techniques on non-native speech

The performance of speech recognition systems is consistently poor on non-native speech. The challenge for non-native speech recognition is to maximize the recognition performance with a small amount of available non-native data. We report on acoustic modeling adaptation for the recognition of non-native speech. Using non-native data from German speakers, we investigate how bilingual models, speaker adaptation, acoustic model interpolation and polyphone decision tree specialization methods can help to improve the recognizer performance. Results obtained from the experiments demonstrate the feasibility of these methods.
Bondage in Time: Footbinding and Fashion Theory

(1997). Bondage in Time: Footbinding and Fashion Theory. Fashion Theory: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 3-27.
Abstract 19236: Effect of Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device on Diastolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure-to-Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure Gradient in End Stage Heart Failure Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension

Background: Continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) reduces transpulmonary gradient (TPG) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in end-stage HF patients with pulmonary venous hyper...
Atomistic simulation of frictional anisotropy on quasicrystal approximant surfaces

J. Y. Park et al. [Science 309, 1354 (2005)] have reported eight times greater atomic-scale friction in the periodic than in the quasiperiodic direction on the twofold face of a decagonal Al-Ni-Co quasicrystal. We present results of molecular-dynamics simulations intended to elucidate mechanisms behind this giant frictional anisotropy. Simulations of a bare atomic-force-microscope tip on several model substrates and under a variety of conditions failed to reproduce experimental results. On the other hand, including the experimental passivation of the tip with chains of hexadecane thiol, we reproduce qualitatively the experimental anisotropy in friction, finding evidence for entrainment of the organic chains in surface furrows parallel to the periodic direction.
Direct laser fabrication of nanostructures on Si(001)

We study how the period of transient thermal gradient impacts on morphologies of nanostructures on the Si(001) surface. Strain-free, self-assembled nanodots as well as periodic nanowires are fabricated directly on Si(001) surfaces by applying high power laser pulses on the surface interferentially. The morphologies of the nanostructures are studied by atomic force microscopy. Generally, the laser irradiated surfaces show nanowires but nanodots are also observed. The nanowire width increases with interference period. The narrowest nanowires observed have the width smaller than 50 nm, which is four times smaller than the interference period while the nanodots have a base width of 43 nm and height of 8 nm.
Discrete Surface Evolution and Mesh Deformation for Aircraft Icing Applications

Robust, automated mesh generation for problems with deforming geometries, such as ice accreting on aerodynamic surfaces, remains a challenging problem. Here we describe a technique to deform a discrete surface as it evolves due to the accretion of ice. The surface evolution algorithm is based on a smoothed, face-offsetting approach. We also describe a fast algebraic technique to propagate the computed surface deformations into the surrounding volume mesh while maintaining geometric mesh quality. Preliminary results presented here demonstrate the ecacy of the approach for a sphere with a prescribed accretion rate, a rime ice accretion, and a more complex glaze ice accretion.
Survey of medical x-ray protection situation and evaluation of quality control inspection in community service center of Beijing

To evaluate medical x-ray radiation protection in Beijing community service center,and to provide scientific evidence for radiation protection work,according to national standards,31 community service centers' radiation protection places,74 medical diagnostic x-ray machines were tested and evaluated.51 radiation workers,the worker who hold the radiation worker card occupied 96.1%,in the 53 radiation places,the pass rate of the door and windows in control room was 100%,the pass rate of the door and windows in patients room was 86.8%,the area and ventilation of machine room accord to the national standards,the pass rate of medical diagnostic-ray machines performance was 90.5%.It was conduded to strengthen the training of radiation workers,improve the radiation protection of waiting area,and reduce the incidence of public radiation hazards.
Research on Characteristics of Inflow Performance for ASP Oil Well

Based on description of the rheological characteristics of ASP combination flooding formation fluid using the constitutive model of viscoelastic fluid,the basic differential equations of flow of ASP reservoir fluid in porous medium were established and numerically calculated using finite differential method,on the works of above mentioned,the productivity of ASP oil well was forecasted using Lagrange interpolation method,the rheological parameters which affected productivity of ASP oil well were analyzed. By means of relative analysis of the results of theoretical arithmetic and the measured data of 5 oil wells of the forth oil recovery factory in Daqing,the percentage of error is less than 20%,the results indicate that the method using rheology of ASP reservoir fluid which is described using viscoelastic fluid constitutive equation model can predicated productivity of ASP oil well very well.
Abstract IA27: The patient biosphere: Tumors live in people

Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; November 30-December 3, 2015; Austin, TX Ecosystems are interactive systems involving communities of species and their abiotic environment. Tumors are ecosystems in which cancer cells act as invasive species interacting with native host cell species. As they grow, tumors fundamentally alter their microenvironment, disrupting the homeostasis of the host organ and eventually the patient as a whole. Lethality is the ultimate result of deregulated cell signaling and regulatory mechanisms as well as inappropriate host cell recruitment and activity that lead to the death of the patient. These processes have striking parallels to the framework of ecological biology: multiple interacting ecosystems (organ systems) within a larger biosphere (body), alterations in species stoichiometry (host cell types), resource cycling (cellular metabolism and cell-cell signaling), and ecosystem collapse (organ failure and death). In particular, as cancer cells generate their own ecosystem, displacing and co-opting normal cell function, resulting in systemic host (patient) effects that result in cytokine-mediated lethal syndromes that cause of majority of cancer patient deaths. Citation Format: Kenneth James Pienta, Sarah R. Amend. The patient biosphere: Tumors live in people. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA27.
Wave equations for the growth and coupling of nonlinear processes in droplets

For a liquid cell, the standard equations for the growth and coupling of nonlinear waves are one-dimensional along the copropagation direction of the input and nonlinear beams. For a liquid droplet, however, the input intensity is concentrated (with ~200×enhancement) in a small region along the principal diameter just within the droplet shadow face. Generated nonlinear waves propagate around the rim because the droplet acts as an optical cavity (with Q > 106) for specific wavelengths that satisfy the morphology-dependent resonances (MDR′s).
Exploring Cruise Passengers’ Demographics, Experience, and Satisfaction with Cruising the Western Caribbean

Each year millions of people vacation aboard cruise ships, some carrying thousands of passengers and crew members. These ships are small, floating cities that offer many options for food and entertainment and calling at various ports in the Caribbean. This study aims to explore cruise passengers experience and their satisfaction. Exploratory factor analysis was performed and revealed that the “environment factor” had the most influence on cruise passengers’ experience. Subsequently, a multiple regression was conducted to identify variables that affect passengers’ satisfaction; clean unpolluted environments, and sun-sea-sand continue to be the top variables affecting tourists’ satisfaction in the Caribbean. Based on these findings recommendations are made to the cruise companies and Caribbean governments in order to have more effective marketing campaigns and to retain and/or attract cruise passengers through the offering of positive means in the cruise experience.