cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Capital flows under moral hazard

Abstract I analyze a model with moral hazard and limited enforcement in a small open economy. I find that when state contingent contracting is allowed adding the moral hazard friction improves the model's predictions along several dimensions. First, it justifies why non-contingent debt is an optimal way to finance an emerging economy. Second, it explains the limited consumption risk-sharing and high, volatile and counter-cyclical interest rates. Third, it generates realistic crisis-like dynamics in which capital inflows are brought to a halt and interest rates sky-rocket. The model also has a strong internal propagation mechanism. Limited enforcement friction, alone or together with moral hazard, has nearly no effect on the model's performance. I also construct a simple empirical test to distinguish between the two frictions and it favors moral hazard over limited enforcement friction.
The contribution of coccolithophores to the optical and inorganic carbon budgets during the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment: New evidence in support of the “Great Calcite Belt” hypothesis

[1] We describe optical observations from the Southern Ocean (SO) Gas Exchange Experiment (GasEx) during March 2008, designed to test the hypothesis that enhanced reflectance of the Southern Ocean waters was related to a high abundance of coccolithophorids. We present multiple lines of evidence in support of this hypothesis: (1) birefringence microscopy, (2) along-track measurements of acid labile backscattering, (3) analytical measurements of particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), and (4) above-water radiometry measurements made from both ship and satellite. At the SO GasEx study site (∼51°S, 38.5°W) coccolithophores and coccoliths were abundant (∼300 cells mL−1 and 20,000 coccoliths mL−1) and concentrations were stable over time scales of weeks. Enhanced concentrations of PIC were observed between the Subtropical Front (STF) and the northern part of the Subantarctic Front (SAF) and between the SAF region and Polar Front. Biogenic silica was elevated with the highest concentrations south of the STF. These results, along with other recent microscope observations of coccolithophores made by other workers around the Southern Ocean, suggest that the region of enhanced reflectance is, at least partially, due to coccolithophores. However, the PIC estimated from above-water reflectance measurements was 2–3X the PIC actually measured in the water. One possible reason for this is the presence of other sources of scattering, such as microbubbles (at least during stormy conditions). These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that this region of elevated reflectance and PIC is part of a significantly larger region which encircles the entire Southern Ocean each austral summer, a band that we call the “Great Calcite Belt.”
Mazindol effects on schedule-controlled responding of the pigeon

Abstract The effects of mazindol, a non-phenethylamine anorexic, were determined in pigeons key pecking under a multiple fixed-ratio 30 response, fixed-interval 5 min schedule schedule of food presentation. The low average rates of responding under the fixed-interval schedule were greatly increased (from 0.7 response/sec to 2 responses/sec) at doses from 0.1 to 10 mg/kg. The higher rates of responding under the fixed-ratio schedule were only decreased by increasing doses of mazindol. Throughout the fixed interval, mazindol tended to produce a constant rate of responding completely disrupting the normal, positively accelerated pattern of responding. These rate-increasing effects of mazindol were much greater than those of phenethylamines tested under similar conditions. The large increases in rates of responding under the fixed-interval component were discussed in terms of the known biochemical effects of mazindol.
The uterine lumen of the pregnant guinea-pig contains a large macrophage population.

Abstract Cellular constituents of the uterine lumen were investigated. Fourteen pregnant sows of 40+ days' gestation were anaesthetized and naturally occurring peritoneal fluid was collected. A uterine horn was delivered and 0.25 ml Gey's solution injected into the uterine lumen to collect free cells. The fluid was aspirated into a syringe and the cells extracted, counted and prepared for phagocytosis experiments and microscopy. The cells were stained with alpha-naphthyl-acetate-esterase (ANAE) to determine the fraction that was non-specific esterase-positive, a feature of mononuclear phagocytes. Differential cells counts were also made. Both uterine and peritoneal compartments yielded large numbers of cells (greater than 10 6 /ml). Peritoneal fluid cells were 47 ± 6 per cent (SD) macrophages and 49 ± 6 per cent eosinophils (the remainder being ‘other” cells); 47 ± 6 per cent also stained positively for ANAE. Uterine cells were 78 ± 12 per cent macrophages, the remainder being mostly lymphocytes (18 ± II per cent); 85 ± 13 per cent stained positively with ANAE. Electron microscopy of the uterine cells confirmed that most had morphology consistent with being mononuclear phagocytes. Uterine and peritoneal cells phagocytized carbon particles and yeast cells when incubated at 37°C. The origin and role of this macrophage population is unknown but uterine lumenal macrophages may be present to remove antigen-antibody complexes thus facilitating uptake of maternally derived IgG by the fetal yolk sac.
Juniper Pollen Hotspots in the Southwest

Rationale: Juniperus pollen is a major allergen in Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico. While the bulk of pollen may be released in rural areas, large amounts of pollen can be transported to urban areas. Major juniper species in the region include: Juniperus ashei, J. virginiana, J. pinchotii, and J. monosperma. Pollen release is virtually continuous beginning in late September with J. pinchotii and ending in May with J. monosperma. Urban areas in the region were evaluated for the potential of overlapping seasons in order to inform sensitive individuals. Methods: Burkard volumetric pollen traps were established for two consecutive spring seasons at 6 sites in northern New Mexico and 6 sites for two consecutive winter and fall seasons in Texas and Oklahoma Standard methods were used in the preparation and analysis of slides. Results: The Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex is home to over 6 million people. It is adjacent to populations of J. pinchotii, J. virginiana, and J. ashei. Peak concentration near Dallas for J. ashei in 2011 was 5891 pollen grains/m3 in January 7th. The peak date for J. pinchotii at an upwind sampling location in San Marcos, TX was November 1, 2010 and peak for J. virginiana at a nearby station in Tulsa, OK was November 1, 2010 and peak for J. virginiana at a nearby station in Tulsa, OK was February 20, 2011. Amarillo, TX is adjacent to J. pinchotii, J. ashei, and J. monosperma populations and may be subject to juniper pollen from September through May. Conclusions: Considering the overlapping distributions of juniper trees and the overlapping temporal release of pollen, sensitive patients may benefit from avoiding hotspots.
Two-photon laser-induced fluorescence studies of HS radicals, DS radicals, and I atoms

Abstract A two-photon laser-induced excitation and fluorescence technique has been used to study the A 2 Σ + -X 2 Π transition of HS and DS radicals and various high-lying 4 P o , 2 D o , and 4 D o states of the I atom. The two-photon excitation cross sections and detection sensitivity are discussed.
Re-evaluation of standard mortar bar and concrete prism tests for alkali-aggregate reactivity

The effectiveness of the mortar bar ASTM C227 and concrete prism CSA A23. 2-14A tests for evaluating the potential alkali-aggregate reactivity of classical alkali-silica, late expansive siliceous and alkali-carbonate aggregates is discussed. It is emphasized that petrographic examination is an essential preliminary step in the evaluation of potential alkali reactivity of all aggregates. The expansion limits set to differentiate between deleteriously expansive and innocuous cement-aggregate combinations by ASTM, CSA, U.S. Corps of Engineers, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and by the author are evaluated for use with classical alkali-silica, late-expanding siliceous and alkali-carbonate reactive aggregates.
Some Suggestions for Developing New Models from Existing Models

I NHERENT in the title of this session is the connotation of some degree of dissatisfaction with "old" forecasting models. I imagine that it is not so much a dissatisfaction with the old models as with their forecasting performance. No doubt this judgment of performance is based on some evaluation, and this would imply the existence of some criteria. After some thought on this issue, one might well raise the question of whether the dissatisfaction is justified. Figuratively speaking, if one constructs a very good dump truck which consistently fails to win auto races, what justification is there for the dissatisfaction based on a judgment of poor performance? In order to isolate the possible reasons for the performance and subsequent dissatisfaction, some examination of the process by which forecasting instruments are developed is necessary. In this regard, I am largely limiting myself to what might be loosely defined as econometricbased models. For this purpose I have characterized the process as consisting of the following elements: (1) the objectives in the particular problem; (2) the conceptual model of behavior-that is, the model resulting from the application of theory to the economic behavior of interest; (3) the techniques for implementing the conceptual model and deriving a forecasting instrument-that is, econometric, mathematical and statistical techniques; (4) the selection of data; (5) the synthesis of (1)-(4) into a logically consistent system. The root of the problem would appear to reside with these elements. The following alternatives are considered: (A) If the system has been rigorously and appropriately applied and one then concludes that forecasting performance is unsatisfactory, one can reject the general approach or modify some element of it. (B) Conversely, if the system has not been rigorously and appropriately applied, through error, ignorance, etc., forecasting performance is likely to be poor, but the basis for a meaning-
Vector stochastic variational expressions for scatterers with dielectric, conductive, and magnetic properties

Stochastic variational expressions are derived for the statistical moments of the vector scattering amplitude for scatterers with arbitrary linear electric and magnetic properties. This requires determination of the adjoint of the dyadic differential operator that characterizes the scatterers. The adjoint operator is presented in explicit form and is discussed in some detail. This formulation extends the vector stochastic variational principle to include electromagnetic plane wave scattering from random objects and surfaces with generally inhomogeneous and anisotropic permeability, permittivity, and conductivity. These invariant formulations appear as ratios of averages of volume integrals involving the fields within the scatterers. They are inherently simpler to evaluate than direct averages of the deterministic variational expressions that involve averages of ratios of these integrals.
Aligning the Compasses: A Journey through Compliance and Technology

Technology's role in compliance is surprisingly human, and addressing those human traits up front leads to far more successful compliance outcomes. The era of big data requires big compliance, and a fundamental part of big compliance today and going forward is the reconciliation of the written rules with a very real set of technologies employed by an organization.
An ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure in a patient with a family history of malignant hyperthermia

In the EXIT (ex utero intrapartum treatment) procedure, after uterine incision, uterine relaxation is maintained to prevent placental separation and the fetus is supported via the placenta until the airway is successfully established. The traditional method to maintain uterine relaxation is with the use of high-dose potent inhaled anesthetics during general anesthesia. A patient with a family history of malignant hyperthermia required an EXIT procedure. The history of malignant hyperthermia precluded the use of potent inhaled anesthetics and an alternate plan using propofol and remifentanil infusions for anesthesia and nitroglycerin 16 μg/kg/min for uterine relaxation allowed for good surgical conditions. The presence of malignant hyperthermia required an alternate plan and close collaboration in order to ensure good patient outcome.
Selection and Standardization of Strength Tests for 4-H Club Members

Abstract Several tests of strength were examined and the reasons for their rejection are given. The growth curves were calculated and used as the basis for standard score tables. Two tests are now being used to measure improvement in strength. These ar part of a battery of fitness tests for 4-H Club members.
Mass transfer with chemical reaction during gas bubble formation in foam column reactors

Abstract A theoretical model is developed in order to predict the gas absorption rate during gas bubble formation and rise through a shallow liquid pool. The model takes a rather straightforward approach to the hydrodynamics of bubble formation and rise, allows for the general case of mass transfer with simultaneous mn th-order chemical reaction and includes a novel description of the age distribution of liquid elements at the gas—liquid interface. Model predictions are successfully verified with data from two typical industrially-important systems investigated in a laboratory foam column reactor.
Surgical prosthesis for reconstructive mandibular surgery

Abstract The construction of a surgical prosthesis for a patient undergoing a bone graft for a section of the mandible has been described. The restorations used for the stabilization of the new segment of bone incorporated those features necessary for mandibular immobilization during the healing period, and for the restoration of mastication, deglutition, and occlusal harmony.
Latent class regression model in IRLS approach

We consider latent class regressions for the simultaneous construction of several regression models by the data clusters. Maximum likelihood objective of observations belonging to at least one data segment is developed. Solution is reduced to the iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) procedure that defines coefficients of all models and the characteristics of fitting. Together with the regression models, this approach yields probabilities of each observation belonging to each of the classes. This technique can also be used for finding parameters of mixed distributions. The suggested approach enriches results of the regression modeling and clustering in practical applications.
Can oral glutamine prevent mucositis in children undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation?

Can oral glutamine prevent mucositis in children undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation?
Colisions and equilibrium

Abstract The relation between radiative equilibrium and collision processes is examined. In previous work on stochastic collision models, the requirement of detailed balance in equilibrium was used to impose constraints on the line shape. In the first part we examine various stochastic models using general sum rules and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. We conclude that different dynamical models, with characteristically different line shapes, are consistent with thermal equilibrium provided that the correct equilibrium correlations are used. These correlations can be consistently obtained using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, guaranteeing that consistent approximations are made for both the dynamics and the statistical distribution function. The line shape is determined by the dynamics and is not constrained by the equilibrium condition. In the second part we examine the effects of elastic and inelastic scattering on the energy balance in and out of thermal equilibrium for a particular dynamical model. We show that the transfer of energy from one frequency to another via inelastic scattering is balanced in equilibrium, by a corresponding change in the net absorption rate, neglected in previous calculations.
An Exploration of the Relationship Between Country of origin (COE) and the Internationalization-Performance Paradigm.

Abstract and Key Results The relationship of internationalization with firm performance continues to be a major focus of corporate strategy. While internationalization raises important issues of risk and uncertainty, cross-cultural aspects of employee conduct and consumer behavior, market structure and competition, and political and regulatory dimensions, it also provides new opportunities for growth, profitability and organizational learning. This study seeks to contribute to the topic by empirically investigating the influence of the country of origin effect (COE) on the internationalization and performance relationship. COE, as defined here, is a composite variable that serves as a proxy for differential conditions that might exist in the MNC’s home country, conditions which would impact the MNC’s performance through internalization of attributes connected with its home country. The findings of this study offer strong support for the underlying notion that a MNC’s home country impacts the internationalization-performance relationship. In particular, a positive linear relationship was found between internationalization and performance in countries with relatively small economies and which have extensive trade in their economy, while an inverted U-shaped relationship was found in countries with larger economies which have relatively moderate trade in their economy.
Creating Sacred Space: Orthodox Churches of the Ethiopian American Diaspora

This essay examines the creation of places of worship by Ethiopian Orthodox congregations in North America, focusing primarily on the District of Columbia and adjacent areas in the states of Maryland and Virginia. Following a discussion of the historical background and development of church architecture in Ethiopia, the essay demonstrates that the shaping of the interior space of Ethiopian Orthodox churches in North America follows a modern model developed in Addis Ababa during the early 1960s. The study concludes with a brief analysis of painted decoration, a necessary component of the sacred space of an Ethiopian Orthodox church. (3 February 2009)
Manually and remotely operated ultra-high-vacuum double-axis mirror manipulators for the infrared beamline at the NSLS

Abstract We describe two double-axis mirror manipulators, used for remote and manual mirror adjustment in ultrahigh vacuum, and based on a single bellows. One design is based on a double gimbal, the other on a spherical bearing. Features of the design are that the two rotations operate independently and that adjustment in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the mirror can also be provided for the manual manipulator.
Health-related quality of life and comorbidity among older women veterans in the United States

Purpose This paper examines the predictors of quality of life among older women (C65 years of age) veterans in the United States focusing on the effect of comorbidity on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Methods Data from the National Survey of Women Veterans, a cross-sectional nationally representative population-based, stratified random sample of women veterans, were used with an analytic sample size of 1,379 older women veterans. The SF12 physical and mental composite scores (PCS and MCS) were used as outcome measures, and a weighted comorbidity index was used as a covariate. Results Older women veterans who are married, employed, with higher income, and higher education have better physical health (PCS). For mental health, education is positively correlated, whereas depression and posttraumatic stress disorder are negatively correlated with MCS. After adjusting for socio-demographic, mental health, and chronic health indicators, the results showed that SF12 PCS varied by VA use status for each level of Seattle Index of Comorbidity. The same pattern was not found for MCS. Conclusion For each level of comorbidity, VA users have worse HRQOL which might suggest that case mix adjustments comparing VA users and non-VA users must take into account more than comorbidity alone.
Research training in plastic surgery.

For the past 10 years, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has implemented the Outcomes and General Competencies project to further emphasize educational outcomes of residency education programs. Plastic surgery residencies have been required to follow this competency structure
Wearable technology to improve education and patient outcomes in a cardiology fellowship program - a feasibility study

Graduate medical education (GME) is a balance between providing optimal patient care while ensuring that trainees (residents and fellows) develop independent medical decision making skills as well asand the ability to manage serious medical conditions. We used one form of wearable technology (“Google Glass”) to explore different scenarios in cardiovascular practice where fellows can better their education. We specified different scenarios encountered during routine clinical care in the month of July 2013. These scenarios were chosen based on their clinical significance, the difficulty posed to early stage trainees and the possibly deleterious effects of misdiagnosis or treatment. A mock trainee wearing Google glass enacted each scenario. Live video stream from the glass was transmitted via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth which could have been received by a smartphone, tablet or personal computer. In conclusion, wearable technology has the potential to enhance medical education and patient safety once widely available. Medical institutions should work on policies regarding the use of such technologies to enhance medical care without compromising patient privacy.
Osmotic Demyelination and Hypertonic Dehydration in a 9-Year-Old Girl: Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid Myelin Basic Protein:

A 9-year-old girl was admitted for the treatment of hyper-natremic dehydration. Her history was significant for psychogenic polydipsia, hyponatremia, and a renal concentrating defect. She presented with a 2-day history of altered mental status, ataxia, lethargy, fever, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Meningitis was ruled out. Over the course of her illness, slow rehydration was maintained with a gradual decrease (10 mEq per 24 hours) of the serum sodium. Despite this care, she developed quadriparesis, and magnetic resonance imaging performed on day 6 of her illness was consistent with osmotic demyelination (central pontine myelinolysis). To rule out an excessively rapid correction of hypernatremia as the etiology of the problem, a myelin basic protein was measured in the cerebrospinal fluid that had been obtained on hospital day 1. The myelin basic protein was 649.50 ng/mL (normal, 0.07-4.10 ng/mL). The current literature is presented regarding the postulated pathogenesis of central pontine myelinolysis and suggested therapies, previous reports of central pontine myelinolysis in children are reviewed, and the potential role of myelin basic protein in its diagnosis is discussed.
Photoelectrochemical Degradation of 4-Chlorocatechol at TiO2 Electrodes: Comparison between Sorption and Photoreactivity

The TiO_2-catalyzed photodegradation of a strongly adsorbing substrate, 4-chlorocatechol, has been investigated as a function of solution concentration and pH at illuminated polycrystalline TiO_2 electrodes operated at a constant current density. The results are compared to the previously determined sorption behavior of 4-chlorocatechol. The initial rates of 4-chlorocatechol photodegradation measured at pH 3, 5, and 8 and solution concentrations of 20, 50, and 200 μM show a linear correlation with the concentration of the sorbed substrate.
Factors Influencing Health Behaviors in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, III (NHANES III)

This study investigated the influence of age, gender, race, place of residence, social networks, and socioeconomic status (SES) on health behaviors in the NHANES III, a large public domain database of approximately 16,000 subjects. Multiple regression analysis indicated that age, gender, social networks, and SES were statistically significant predictors of both positive and negative health behaviors, while race and place of residence were not. These results suggest an influence of age, gender, SES, and social support factors on health behaviors and reinforce the need for social work to take into account these factors at both the individual and public policy levels.
Clinical Dilemmas: Gastric Residuals in Tube Feeding: How Much Is Too Much?

Measurement of specific amounts of gastric residual volumes in tube-fed patients often precludes the objective of the therapy: to provide nutrition. There is no agreement in the literature regarding the exact amount of residual volumes necessary to stop or maintain feeding. Measurements of gastric residual volumes should be used in conjunction with sound clinical judgment before decisions are made to stop enteral nutrition.
National burden of disease in India from indoor air pollution

In the last decade, a number of quantitative epidemiological studies of specific diseases have been done in developing countries that for the first time allow estimation of the total burden of disease (mortality and morbidity) attributable to use of solid fuels in adult women and young children, who jointly receive the highest exposures because of their household roles. Few such studies are available as yet for adult men or children over 5 years. This paper evaluates the existing epidemiological studies and applies the resulting risks to the more than three-quarters of all Indian households dependent on such fuels. Allowance is made for the existence of improved stoves with chimneys and other factors that may lower exposures. Attributable risks are calculated in reference to the demographic conditions and patterns of each disease in India. Sufficient evidence is available to estimate risks most confidently for acute respiratory infections (ARI), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. Estimates for tuberculosis (TB), asthma, and blindness are of intermediate confidence. Estimates for heart disease have the lowest confidence. Insufficient quantitative evidence is currently available to estimate the impact of adverse pregnancy outcomes (e.g., low birthweight and stillbirth). The resulting conservative estimates indicate that some 400-550 thousand premature deaths can be attributed annually to use of biomass fuels in these population groups. Using a disability-adjusted lost life-year approach, the total is 4-6% of the Indian national burden of disease, placing indoor air pollution as a major risk factor in the country.
Agonist-promoted down-regulation and functional desensitization in two naturally occurring variants of the human serotonin1A receptor.

We recently reported two naturally occurring polymorphisms of the human serotonin1A (5-HT1A) receptor: glycine22→serine (Ser22) and isoleucine28→valine (Val28) in the putative amino-terminal domain of the receptor. To investigate the regulatory properties of these variants, the wild type (WT) and variant 5-HT1A receptors were stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells. WT, Ser22, and Val28 displayed similar high-affinity binding to [3H]-8-OH-DPAT. Competition experiments with 5-HT1A agonists and antagonists demonstrated similar pharmacological profiles. Receptor agonist-promoted down-regulation was tested by exposure to 100 μmol/L 8-OH-DPAT. After 24-h exposure, WT and Val28 underwent 59.3 ± 3.9% and 59.5 ± 1.4% reduction in receptor density respectively, whereas the degree of down-regulation was significantly lower for Ser22 (21.4 ± 4.2%). Cell treatment for 24 h with 100 μmol/L 8-OH-DPAT reduced the 5-HT-induced inhibition of cAMP accumulation by 24.9 ± 5.1% for WT and 16.4 ± 0.8% for Val28, but only by 4.8 ± 3% for Ser22. We conclude that the Ser22 variant is capable of attenuating agonist-mediated receptor down-regulation and desensitization.
How inclines affect the escape behaviour of a dune-dwelling lizard, Uma scoparia

Although previous laboratory studies have commonly determined sprinting speeds of lizards on horizontal surfaces, the speeds and slopes used during the escapes of lizards in natural habitats with variable inclines are virtually unstudied. To quantify performance and the use of inclined surfaces during escape, we took advantage of the footprints left in soft substrate and the simple surface topography of the natural dune habitat of the Mojave fringe-toed lizard, U. scoparia. The lengths of 52 escape paths ranged from 1.7-34 m, and the inclines of 1-m portions of escape paths ranged from -25 degrees to 28 degrees, which effectively encompassed the entire range of inclines in the habitat. The cumulative frequencies (N=550) of inclines along 1-m intervals of the escape paths were not a simple random sample of the habitat. Less than 10% of the cumulative distance travelled during escape was bipedal, and the escape paths were relatively straight. Trajectories of the first metre of escapes were oriented significantly away from the presumed threat (observer) but were random with respect to the orientation of both the nearest cover and steepest incline. Eleven per cent of the cumulative number (N=1382) of strides measured were within 90% of the maximum stride length within each path. Multiple regressions revealed that stride lengths (and hence speed) during escapes in the field were maximized on level surfaces with no turning. For lizards tested on a level racetrack in the laboratory, maximum speeds averaged 2.8 m/s (range=2.1-3.9) and approximated 75% of the maximum performance attained in the field.Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Environmental injustices in transnational context: Urbanization and industrial hazards in El Paso/Ciudad juárez

The sister cities of El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua form one of the largest manufacturing complexes in the world, and provide a unique context in which to examine transnational pattern...
The cyclical changes in the guinea pig's uterus, cervix, vagina and sexual skin, investigated by histological and histochemical means.

THIS paper describes the cyclical changes in the uterus, cervix, vagina and sexual skin of the guinea pig, investigated by histological and histochemical means. The guinea pig was selected as a favorable animal for study since it has a protracted, well-spaced reproductive cycle and the events and histological changes of its cycle have been recorded in the classical studies of Stockard and Papanicolaou (1, 2). However, the only previous study of these structures by histochemical means was limited to the vagina (3), with respect solely to glycogen, mucus and lipides. The present study includes an investigation of all of the structures listed above with reference to the presence and distribution of cytoplasmic basophilia, mucus, glycogen, lipides, protein-bound disulfide groups, alkaline glycerophosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase and aliesterase. Thus, this paper presents much new information regarding the histochemical reactions of the guinea pig's reproductive tract. Moreover, the histochemical data of the ...
Automatic height estimation using the second subglottal resonance

This paper presents an algorithm for automatically estimating speaker height. It is based on: (1) a recently-proposed model of the subglottal system that explains the inverse relation observed between subglottal resonances and height, and (2) an improved version of our previous algorithm for automatically estimating the second subglottal resonance (Sg2). The improved Sg2 estimation algorithm was trained and evaluated on recently-collected data from 30 and 20 adult speakers, respectively. Sg2 estimation error was found to reduce by 29%, on average, as compared to the previous algorithm. The height estimation algorithm, employing the inverse relation between Sg2 and height, was trained on data from the above-mentioned 50 adults. It was evaluated on 563 adult speakers in the TIMIT corpus, and the mean absolute height estimation error was found to be less than 5.6cm.
The Muslim Brothers: Egypt's Most Influential Pressure Group

Political observers often describe the Society of Muslim Brothers (SMB) as Egypt’s most powerful opposition movement. That image suggests the group is actively contesting power and trying to supplant incumbents. In fact, the Society’s 80-year history provides scant evidence that the group seeks to rule Egypt. During the monarchy, immediately after the July Revolution, and under Hosni Mubarak’s presidency, the SMB has eschewed direct control over the state. Contrary to the Leninist picture sketched by analysts, SMB leaders have focused on swaying top policy-makers, not replacing them. Scholars should therefore revise their depictions of the Muslim Brothers and treat it as a pressure group, rather than an opposition movement. Reclassifying the SMB does not minimize its significance; popular pressure groups can influence public policy more than marginal opposition parties. The conceptual shift would clarify what is at stake in an escalating campaign of state repression. Whereas researchers focus on the Brothers’ putative quest for power, it is their clarion policy critique, especially criticism of Egypt’s regional alignment, that most aggravates Mubarak.
Polyacrylamide Electrophoretic Study of Thyroxine Binding to Human Serum

Polyacrylamide electrophoresis of normal human serum labeled with 131I-T4 results in the separation of 4 distinct zones of radioactivity. Two of these zones migrate further than albumin, one is associated with albumin and one migrates less than albumin. The four areas of T4 radioactivity were arbitrarily named Peaks I, II, III and IV. Ditnitrophenol (DNP) decreased the radioactivity associated with Peak I, barbital decreased the radioactivity in Peaks I and II, and diphenylhydantoin reduced the radioactivity in Peak IV. From these observations, and other evidence cited below, it was concluded that Peak IV in the present system was thyroxinebinding globulin (TBG) as defined by paper electrophoresis; that Peak III represented T4 bound to albumin; that Peak II corresponds to thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA); and that Peak I is free T4. The T4 capacity of Peak IV was 9.10±3.45/μg T4/100 ml. No binding maxima for T4 in Peaks I, II and III were demonstrated. Rabbit antisera to the protein in Peaks III and IV...
An integrative framework of mobile commerce consumers’ privacy concerns and willingness to use: an empirical study

This study investigates consumers’ privacy concerns and their determinants and influences in mobile commerce (mCommerce). Based on literature review, we examined the effect of information type, location awareness, personalisation, and service provider’s reputation as four determinants of privacy concerns in the mCommerce context. Our analysis of data from 135 respondents revealed that information type, location awareness, and personalisation are significant determinants of consumer’s privacy concerns. This study serves as an initial step toward proactive privacy management by mobile business vendors; other professionals can also utilise our findings to develop better privacy policies. Additionally, this study provides managers of mCommerce services seeking to enter the Chinese marketplace specific information about the mCommerce users’ willingness to use mCommerce services.
Report of Committee on Transpiration and Evaporation, 1940–41

In the following statements the members of this Committee have outlined at least a partial summary of current progress in research on transpiration and evaporation. E. A. COLMAN—Last year's Committee report described an analysis, then under way, of the annual soil-water cycles in the four types of lysimeters which form the San Dimas installation. This study was carried on in order to determine the extent to which vegetation water-economy data obtained in one kind of lysimeter would agree with that obtained in other kinds. The analysis has been completed and a manuscript prepared for publication under the title of “A study of the relative performance of four types of lysimeters”. It was shown that when compared on the same dates a linear relationship existed between the water-content of confined lysimeters 24 inches and 38 inches deep, but between them and the confined lysimeters 72 inches deep, no definite relationship was found. Comparisons between the confined lysimeters and a six-foot deep block of the same soil provided with free-draining soil-to-soil seepage-contact, showed no unique or predictable relationship between them. In Short, the soil-water cycle in one type of lysimeter is not related with any degree of assurance to the cycle in any other kind. These findings indicate that serious difficulties may be encountered in any lysimeter-study of vegetation water-economy if an attempt is made to compare results from lysimeters of different depth or type since the findings might be influenced by the characteristics of the lysimeters themselves.
A simple technique for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting evaluative data.

Best Liked/Least Liked (BLILL) is a straightforward technique for collecting information used in evaluation. The technique is composed of stages (data collection, data analysis, and data interpretation) that are characterized by the ease with which they are accomplished. Further, the technique admits of flexibility' in both range of applicability (some achievement testing and the measuring of effect) and scope of use (it can be narrowly focused or used to collect information on unintended outcomes). The technique is described here and examples are presented of its use both narrowly and broadly focused, and in service of both achievement testing and affective measurement.
Intersectional Perspective and Rural Poverty Research: Benefits, Challenges and Policy Implications

Traditionally, poverty scholarship in the U.S. focuses on the levels, trends, and effects of poverty across social categories broadly defined either by race (minorities) or gender (women) or age (children). An intersectional perspective elucidates the complexity of people's social locations by conceptualizing race, class, gender as simultaneously interacting power relations. In this work, we suggest how an intersectional approach can benefit our understanding of social inequalities in rural areas in an effort to better inform rural poverty research and policies. A related goal is to encourage a more thorough integration of class and age inequalities in intersectional scholarship. We conclude by discussing the benefits of a dialog between rural poverty research and an intersectionality perspective.
TUBULAR SECRETION OF CREATINE, TRIMETHYLAMINE OXIDE, AND OTHER ORGANIC BASES BY THE AGLOMERULAR KIDNEY OF LOPHIUS AMERICANUS

Creatine and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) are the chief nitrogenous constituents of normal Lophius urine, and both of these organic bases characteristically have high urine/plasma concentration ratios. Competition studies involving various organic bases indicate that creatine and TMAO are excreted independently by separate transport mechanisms. TMAO excretion is inhibited competitively by tetraethylammonium ion (TEA) and by cyanine dye No. 863-compounds previously shown to be transferred actively by an organic base-secreting mechanism of general occurrence among vertebrates. TEA does not inhibit competitively the active tubular reabsorption of TMAO in Squalus with doses which markedly depress its tubular excretion in Lophius. Glycine, which inhibits creatine reabsorption in the dog, does not interfere competitively with its secretion in Lophius.
Electronic neural net algorithm for maximum entropy solutions to ill-posed problems. II. Multiply connected electronic circuit implementation

For pt.I see ibid., vol.36, no.2, p.288-94 (1989). Using standard electronic components, the authors have constructed a multiply connected analog circuit that minimizes a specific cost function of its external inputs, interconnects, and node characteristics. The circuit is designed so that the cost function contains an informational entropy regularizer to give maximum-entropy solutions to ill-posed problems. The circuit performs a gradient search to achieve the minimization in a time defined by a circuit RC time constant rather than the complexity of the problem. The circuit reaches a stable equilibrium condition irrespective of the initial values of its outputs. For the circuit considered, once a partial compensation was made for the input offset voltages of the operational amplifiers used, the solution generated by the circuit was close to the 0.1% estimated for an ideal circuit. Settling times of about 15 ms were observed. The nature of the particular problem chosen required extremely high gains on the constraint nodes in the circuit. The resulting stability problems were overcome by slowing the response of the signal nodes in the circuit. >
Effect of Cultivars and Field Traffic on the Fruiting Patterns of Virgina Type Peanuts1

Knowledge of the fruiting patterns of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) is useful in determining the most feasible band widths for pesticides and other amendments, designing new peanut equipment and adapting new production practices for specific cultivars. The fruiting patterns and the effect of field traffic on these patterns were determined on five large-seeded Virginia type peanut cultivars with variant growth habits. Cultivars differed in fruiting patterns with the bunch growth type having a significantly higher percentage of their pods near the taproot than the runner types. The bunch types, NC 17 and NC-FLA 14 had 73.5 and 66.5% of their total fruit within a 13-cm wide section centered over the taproot whereas, the runners, VA 72R and Florigiant, and the intermediate type, NC 5, had 42.8, 45.5 and 45.3%, respectively, in a similar position. At the 0.05 level of probability, field traffic had no significant effect on the fruit distribution of the bunch cultivars, but NC 5, VA 72R and Florigiant (at 0.10 level) produced significantly less fruit on the side of the row subjected to field traffic during the fruiting season.
A Thermodynamic Interpretation of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion

Abstract The authors have tabulated bacteria that mediate or facilitate various pairs of half-cell reactions affected by bacteria in otherwise kinetically unfavorable electrochemical cells. Nernst ...
ARCELLITES STELLATUS NEW SPECIES, A NEW MEGASPORE FROM THE LOWER CRETACEOUS OF MARYLAND, USA

D ispersed megaspores with affinities to aquatic heterosporous ferns are relatively common in mesofossil assemblages from the Early Cretaceous to the Recent. Extant heterosporous ferns are free floating or shallow rooted freshwater plants, with a dominantly tropical to warm-temperate distribution (Tryon and Lugardon, 1991). Their heterosporous life cycle (including both megaspores and microspores) is likely to be an adaptation to their aquatic habit (Collinson, 1991; Hemsley et al., 1999; Kar and Dilcher, 2002). Thus the abundance of heterosporous fern megaspores, or the presence of heterosporous fern macrofossils, within a stratigraphic interval may be indicative of a shallow, calm, freshwater depositional environment (Hall, 1963; Batten et al., 1996; Rich et al., 2001). Recent investigations using molecular and morphological data have linked the Salviniaceae Lestiboudois, 1826 and Marsileaceae Mirbel in Lamarck and Mirbel, 1803 in a monophyletic clade (Salviniales Britton, 1901) within the larger leptosporangiate fern clade (Rothwell and Stockey, 1994; Pryer et al., 1995; Pryer, 1999; Pryer et al., 2001). Regardless of their close evolutionary relationship, megaspores of the Salviniaceae and Marsileaceae are very different morphologically. A character that may unite the group is possession of an acrolamella. An acrolamella is used herein for a modification of the perine above the laesura that does not incorporate the exine (Tschudy, 1966; Hall, 1975; Schneider and Pryer, 2002). Azolla Lamarck, 1783 (Salviniaceae) megaspores have a densely fibrous perispore, with numerous floats attached to a small tripartite acrolamella (‘gula’ in Kempf, 1969; Hall, 1974), and Salvinia Seguier, 1754 (Salviniaceae) megaspores have a vacuolate perispore and a weakly developed tripartite acrolamella (‘gula’ in Kempf, 1971; Tryon and Lugardon, 1991). Modern Marsileaceae megaspores have an inner columellate and outer gelatinous perispore and a strongly reduced (or absent, cf. Marsilea Linnaeus, 1753), typically hexapartite acrolamella …
Reminder Systems for Reducing No-shows in General Practices

Personal services businesses such as doctor's offices operate based on an appointment schedule to maximize the utilization of the personnel and equipment. Some businesses deal with a no-show rate of customers that cuts into profits when it is not possible to charge the customer for the full impact of missed appointment. We develop a model to understand the investment and ongoing expense that the firm should put into such systems when customers act strategically. We also consider how reminder systems interact with overbooking policies.
Introduction to OCL

Summary form only given, as follows. Visual modeling languages are appealing because "a picture tells more than a thousand words." The UML is such a visual language and is well known for its graphical notation and diagramming techniques. However, pictures often only tell half of the story and additional information needs to be captured in a different way. For this reason the UML includes the Object Constraint Language (OCL), a textual language which allows a UML modeler to specify these additional constraints. This tutorial shows the importance of constraints as an object-oriented modeling technique and how they add value to the visual modeling techniques and help "telling the complete story." The OCL language itself and the connection with the visual UML diagrams is thoroughly explained. The final part of the tutorial will show how one can achieve a good balance between the visual and constraint modeling in UML.