cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Closing the Digital Health Evidence Gap: Development of a Predictive Score to Maximize Patient Outcomes

Background: Clinical studies of telemedicine (TM) programs for chronic illness have demonstrated mixed results across settings and populations. With recent uptake in use of digital health modalitie...
Modifying carbon nanotube fibers: A study relating apparent interfacial shear strength and failure mode

Abstract Achieving high strength in fiber reinforced structural composites requires effective load transfer between the high-performance fiber reinforcement, e.g., carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn, and the matrix. Various processing approaches to enhance the interaction between CNT fiber and the matrix were investigated. The apparent interfacial shear strengths (IFSS) of pristine CNT yarns, post-treated CNT yarns (cross-linked, functionalized, and polymer incorporation by resistive heating), and pre-infiltrated polymer/CNT composite fibers measured using single fiber pull-out tests were used to screen the efficacy of the processing methods. Pristine CNT yarns had a low apparent IFSS ( 20 MPa). Improved wet-out of the fiber eliminated the dry-core shear failure mode.
Stability Improvement for Multi-inverter System Based on Active Damper with Modified Resonance Detection Method

Due to wide variation of grid impedance and the interactions among the parallel gird-connected inverters, resonance phenomena and stability problems are inevitable. To address the problem, this paper proposes an improved resonance detection method applied to active dampers to improve the stability of parallel grid-connected inverters. Compared with resistive active power filters, the active damper enjoys the benefit of wide frequency range suppression of the specific harmonic and resonance with higher switching frequency and lower power rating. Further, the accuracy of resonant frequency to be compensated is guaranteed by the proposed modified resonance detection method which could estimate the system resonance frequency accurately and is applied to active dampers to suppress the interharmonics and subharmonics effectively. Finally, the simulation results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the modified detection method.
The Impact of Cosmetics Industry Social Media Marketing on Brand Loyalty: Evidence from Chinese College Students

The main aim of this study was to identify the effects of Social Media Marketing on brand loyalty from cosmetics customers. The participants in the study were college student cosmetics customers in China, and the data were collected through Chinese social media platforms such as QQ and WeChat. The hypothesized relationships were tested using stepwise multiple regression analyses. The responses to a structured questionnaire from a sample of 145 college students indicated that advantageous campaigns, relevant content, updated information, popular content, and variety of applications or platforms are all positively related to cosmetic brand loyalty among college students. These results suggest that to survive in today’s competitive market, cosmetics companies should prioritize marketing through social media to establish strong relationships with college student customers.
A data transformation process for using Benford’s Law with bounded data

Benford’s Law is an empirical observation about the frequency of digits in a variety of naturally occurring data sets. Auditors and forensic scientists have used Benford’s Law to detect erroneous data in accounting and legal usage. One well-known limitation is that Benford’s Law fails when data have clear minimum and maximum values. Many kinds of education data, including assessment scores, typically include hard maximums and therefore do not meet the parametric assumptions of Benford’s Law. This paper implements a transformation procedure which allows for assessment data to be compared to Benford’s Law. As a case study, a data quality assessment of oral language scores from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten (ECLS-K) study is used and higher risk data segments detected. The same method could be used to evaluate other concerns, such as test fraud, or other bounded datasets.
Rapid and efficient purification of ficolin-2 using a disposable CELLine bioreactor

The human opsonin ficolin-2 (L-ficolin) is an innate pattern-recognizing molecule that binds to acetylated moieties. Upon binding, ficolin-2 activates complement through the lectin pathway, opsonizing the target to promote phagocytic clearance. Ficolin-2 has been found to interact with a growing number of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Ficolin-2 also has proposed roles in host homeostasis, including the clearance of apoptotic cells. Consequently, there is an increased interest in studying ficolin-2, and access to purified ficolin-2 is necessary for these studies. Ficolin-2 purified from serum, plasma, or cell culture supernatants has been a useful tool in the characterization of ficolin-2 function; however, available protocols are laborious and inefficient, requiring additional processing of starting materials (e.g., polyethylene glycol precipitation or dialysis) and multiple steps of purification. Here, we investigated a simple solution to the problem: use of a simple, disposable bioreactor requiring only standard tissue culture equipment. Using this system, we generated cell culture supernatants containing high concentrations of recombinant ficolin-2, which permitted rapid purification of high-purity recombinant ficolin-2 without processing the supernatants. Purified recombinant ficolin-2 retained its binding capacity and supported complement activation in vitro. Bioreactor cultivation will likely be generally useful in the production of other recombinant proteins in the study of the complement system.
Research aimed at improving both mood and weight (RAINBOW) in primary care: A type 1 hybrid design randomized controlled trial

Effective interventions targeting comorbid obesity and depression are critical given the increasing prevalence and worsened outcomes for patients with both conditions. RAINBOW is a type 1 hybrid design randomized controlled trial. The objective is to evaluate the clinical and cost effectiveness and implementation potential of an integrated, technology-enhanced, collaborative care model for treating comorbid obesity and depression in primary care. Obese and depressed adults (n = 404) will be randomized to usual care enhanced with the provision of a pedometer and information about the health system's services for mood or weight management (control) or with the Integrated Coaching for Better Mood and Weight (I-CARE) program (intervention). The 12-month I-CARE program synergistically integrates two proven behavioral interventions: problem-solving therapy with as-needed intensification of pharmacotherapy for depression (PEARLS) and standardized behavioral treatment for obesity (Group Lifestyle Balance(™)). It utilizes traditional (e.g., office visits and phone consults) and emerging care delivery modalities (e.g., patient web portal and mobile applications). Follow-up assessments will occur at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. We hypothesize that compared with controls, I-CARE participants will have greater improvements in weight and depression severity measured by the 20-item Depression Symptom Checklist at 12 months, which will be sustained at 24 months. We will also assess I-CARE's cost-effectiveness and use mixed methods to examine its potential for reach, adoption, implementation, and maintenance. This study offers the potential to change how obese and depressed adults are treated-through a new model of accessible and integrative lifestyle medicine and mental health expertise-in primary care.
Chemicals of predatory mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) influence selection of oviposition site by Culex mosquitoes.

Ovipositing insects may avoid aquatic sites where there is high predation risk to their offspring, but the proximate mechanisms that mediate avoidance behavior are poorly resolved. We conducted an experiment to determine whether mosquitoes would reduce oviposition rates in pools containing chemicals of the mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), a voracious predator that is widely employed to control mosquitoes. Experimental treatments consisted of outdoor pools that contained known concentrations of fish chemicals (low, medium, or high) or no fish chemicals (control). The pools were arranged in a randomized block design, and the number of mosquito larvae in each pool served as the response variable to estimate relative oviposition rate. Members of the Culex pipiens complex were the main colonizers of the pools. The mean number of larvae per pool differed among treatments (P = 0.026) and was about three times greater in control pools compared with those receiving medium and high concentrations of fish chemicals. Pairwise comparisons indicate that only medium and high treatments differed significantly from controls, suggesting that a threshold concentration exists below which mosquitoes cannot reliably detect predators. Our data suggest that the effectiveness of Gambusia affinis in controlling mosquitoes may be compromised if adult mosquitoes respond to fish stocking by shifting to nearby breeding sites that lack fish. We discuss issues concerning the use of Gambusia in biological control programs within the context of these new findings.
OddBall: spotting anomalies in weighted graphs

Given a large, weighted graph, how can we find anomalies? Which rules should be violated, before we label a node as an anomaly? We propose the oddball algorithm, to find such nodes The contributions are the following: (a) we discover several new rules (power laws) in density, weights, ranks and eigenvalues that seem to govern the so-called “neighborhood sub-graphs” and we show how to use these rules for anomaly detection; (b) we carefully choose features, and design oddball, so that it is scalable and it can work un-supervised (no user-defined constants) and (c) we report experiments on many real graphs with up to 1.6 million nodes, where oddball indeed spots unusual nodes that agree with intuition.
IN VITRO INHIBITION OF YEAST GROWTH BY MOUSE ASCITES FLUID AND SERUM

Summers, Donald F. (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md.), and H. F. Hasenclever. In vitro inhibition of yeast growth by mouse ascites fluid and serum. J. Bacteriol. 87:1–7. 1964.—A nondialyzable heat-stable factor(s) present in experimentally produced mouse ascites fluid and in serum from these ascitic mice was shown to inhibit the invitro growth of several yeasts. The inhibitory activity was almost totally abolished by trypsin treatment of the ascites fluid, and was progressively diminished by repeated adsorption of the ascites fluid by heat-killed Candida albicans cells. A close relationship was shown to exist between growth inhibition by ascites fluid and concentration of free iron or nutrients in the growth medium. Increased concentration of nutrients or free iron caused diminution of inhibitory activity.
Choosing Filters to Make CCD Photometry Transformable to Other Detectors

Transforming CCD data is difficult. Until recently, the general transformation problem was so poorly understood that there were no established design criteria. Now, the Hilbert-space approach to photometry tells us to match the standard passbands in the least-squares sense.
Mechanisms of CNS myelin inhibition: Evidence for distinct and neuronal cell type specific receptor systems

Following injury to the adult mammalian central nervous system, regenerative growth of severed axons is very limited. The lack of neuronal repair is often associated with significant functional deficits, and depending on the severity of injury, may result in permanent paralysis distal to the site of injury. A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms that limit neuronal growth in the injured spinal cord is an important step toward the development of specific strategies aimed at restoring functional connectivity lost as a consequence of injury. While rapid progress is being made in defining the molecular identity of CNS growth inhibitory constituents, comparatively little is known about their receptors and downstream signaling mechanisms. Emerging new evidence suggests that the mechanisms for myelin inhibition are likely to be complex, involving multiple and distinct receptor systems that may operate in a redundant manner. Furthermore, the relative contribution of a specific ligand-receptor system to bring about growth inhibition may greatly vary among different neuronal cell types. Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), for example, employs different mechanisms to inhibit neurite outgrowth of cerebellar, sensory, and retinal ganglion neurons in vitro. Nogo-A harbors distinct growth inhibitory regions, which employ different signaling mechanisms. The Nogo-66 receptor 1 (NgR1), a shared ligand binding component in a receptor complex for Nogo-66, MAG, and OMgp, participates in neuronal growth cone collapse to acutely presented myelin inhibitors, but is dispensable for longitudinal neurite outgrowth inhibition on substrate-bound Nogo-66, MAG, OMgp, or crude CNS myelin in vitro. Consistent with the idea of cell-type specific mechanisms for myelin inhibition, different types of CNS neurons possess very different regenerative capacities and respond differently to experimental treatment strategies in vivo. We speculate that differences in regenerative axonal growth among different fiber systems are a reflection of their intrinsic ability to elongate axons and their distinct cell surface receptor profiles to respond to the growth inhibitory extracellular milieu. The existence of cell type specific mechanisms to impair regenerative axonal growth in the CNS may have important implications for the development of treatment strategies. Depending on the fiber tract injured, different ligand-receptor systems may need to be targeted in order to elicit robust and long-distance regenerative axonal growth.
The Report of the President's Commission on Housing:

The system of housing finance in the United States is undergoing a period of rapid transition, and many of the nation's housing problems over the last few years have related to the financing of housing. High interest rates stymied housing demand, and inflation and unprecedented movements in interest rates placed serious strains on the system of financial intermediation that successfully provided mortgage credit in the country for more than forty years. This paper discusses some of the recommendations of the President's Commission on Housing which were intended to provide a framework to assist policy makers as the nation moves toward a broader-based, more resilient system to supply funds for housing in the future. Although the paper briefly outlines the Commission's recommendations and reviews the record regarding implementation, the primary focus is on examining the future dimensions of the nation's housing finance system.
Two forms of acetoacetyl coenzyme A thiolase in yeast. I. Separation and properties.

Abstract Two forms of acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase, both clearly separated from β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase, have been partially purified from yeast. The isoelectric points of the two enzymes are 5.3 (thiolase 5.3) and 7.8 (thiolase 7.8). Thiolase 5.3 has a molecular weight of about 1.4 x 105 daltons. It shows a ping pong pattern of kinetics and has a Km for acetoacetyl-CoA of 3.5 x 10-4 m and for CoA of 1.6 x 10-4 m. Thiolase 7.8 has a molecular weight of about 0.65 x 105 daltons. The Km for acetoaceyl-CoA is 2 x 10-5 m, while the Km for CoA is less than 10-6 m. Both enzymes are completely inhibited by iodoacetamide and both are protected from inhibition if previously incubated with substrate. However, thiolase 5.3 requires higher concentrations of substrate for protection. Both enzymes use only acetoacetyl-CoA as β-ketothioester. CoA is the best thiol substrate, but other thiol donors are active. Thiolase 5.3 has a sharp pH optimum at pH 8.8, whereas thiolase 7.8 has a broad optimum from pH 7.6 to 9. Thiolase 5.3 is not effected by treatment with sodium borohydride. When thiolase 7.8 is treated with borohydride, the enzyme is inhibited when substrate is present and is activated when substrate is absent. On the basis of kinetic properties and the effects of sodium borohydride and iodoacetamide, an enzymatic mechanism is proposed for the reaction which involves the formation of a thiolimidate intermediate.
Models of Visceral Pain: Colorectal Distension (CRD)

The visceromotor response to balloon distension of the colon is a robust behavioral model of visceral nociception in rodents and is ideally suited for studying the visceral antinociceptive activity of drugs. This unit describes, in detail, quantification of this response with the use of electromyography in both rats and mice. Keywords: Electromyography; Visceromotor; Colon; Balloon; Mouse; Rat
Use of Louvers for Guiding Fish

Abstract Late in 1951, the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation completed construction of the world's second largest pumping plant at Tracy, California. In connection with this project, it was found that facilities would have to be installed to prevent fish of several species and as short as 10 millimeters from passing into the pump intakes. Because of the magnitude of the project and lack of knowledge as to the best protective facility, a test structure with several types of fish screens was installed. Fish stopped by the screens were collected by a port and riser system. Tests revealed that none of these facilities adequately met fish protection requirements at Tracy. It was therefore necessary to consider other methods. Research by members of a team from the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Bureau of Reclamation developed a louver system for guiding fish. The louver system consists of a fence-like series of vertical steel slats set with their broad faces at right-angles to the direction of flow and place...
Evidence that the α and α(+) isoforms of the catalytic subunit of (Na+,K+)-ATPase reside in distinct ciliary epithelial cells of the mammalian eye

Abstract Polyclonal antibodies against the canine kidney (Na + ,K + )-ATPase were used to examine the localization and distribution of this protein in intact ciliary processes (CP) from bovine eyes by indirect immunofluorescence. The basolateral surface of non-pigmented (NPE) and pigmented (PE) ciliary epithelial cells was found to be stained specifically for the (Na + ,K + )-ATPase. Immunoblot analysis of intact CP, separated PE and NPE cells by density gradients and cultured ciliary epithelial cells, revealed two forms of the catalytic subunit of the (Na + ,K + )-ATPase: the α and α(+). The α(+) form was enriched in NPE cells while α was in PE cells.
A study of the migration and stability of titania on a model Rh catalyst

Abstract We have examined growth and stability of titania overlayers which have been vapor deposited onto a Rh foil. Titania was found to grow layer by layer, with approximately 1 × 1015 TiOx. species/cm2 in the first layer. Submonolayer coverages of titania were unaffected by heating the sample to temperatures as high as 1320 K. However, heating multilayer coverages to 1320 K resulted in one monolayer remaining on the surface, with the rest migrating into the Rh. The migrating titania could be brought back to the surface by removing the top monolayer and heating the sample above 900 K under vacuum. Saturation coverages of CO were found to decrease linearly with surface titania coverage, independent of sample treatment; however, annealing to high temperatures appears to remove defects in the titania overlayer.
Representation strength in pigeon short-term memory: Effect of delay training

An attempt was madeto manipulate the strength of internal stimulus representations by exposing pigeons to brief delays between sample offset and comparison onset in a delayed conditional discrimination. In Experiment 1, pigeons were first trained on delayed conditional discrimination with either short (0.5-sec) delays or no delays. When delays were increased by 2.0 sec, birds trained with a delay performed at a higher level than did birds trained with no delays. In Experiment 2, subjects were first trained on a delayed simple discrimination. Following a circle stimulus, responses to a white key were reinforced; however, following a dot stimulus, responses to the white key were not reinforced. The pigeons were then trained on a delayed conditional discrimination involving hue samples and line-orientation comparisons with differential outcomes. Choice of vertical following red yielded food; choice of horizontal following green yielded no food. Mixed delays were then introduced to birds in Group Delay, whereas birds in the control group received overtraining. When tested on a delayed simple discrimination with hue stimuli (red and green initial stimuli followed by white response stimulus), pigeons in Group Delay tended to perform at a higher level than did birds in the control group (i.e., although the birds in both groups responded more following red than following green, birds in Group Delay did this to a greater extent than did birds in the control group). Thus, experience with delays appears to strengthen stimulus representations established during training.
Measurement of the Reactive Surface Area of Clay Minerals Using Solid-State NMR Studies of a Probe Molecule†

Understanding the surface reactivity of clay minerals is necessary for accurate prediction of natural weathering rates due to the ubiquity of clays in the environment as weathering products of primary minerals. However, the reactivity of the heterogeneous surfaces of a clay can be difficult to characterize as clay mineral edge sites often react at different rates or via different mechanisms than sites on the basal planes. Ultimately, a method is needed to probe quantitatively the reactive surface sites in order to predict clay mineral dissolution rates. In this study, solid-state NMR spectroscopy has been utilized to investigate surface hydroxyl species and their relation to clay surface reactivity. The surfaces of two kaolinite samples (KGa-1b and KGa-2) and two montmorillonite samples (STx-1b and SWy-2) were reacted with the probe molecule (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)dimethylchlorosilane (TFS), which binds selectively to reactive non-hydrogen bonded Q3Si hydroxyl sites. Quantification of 19F spins in the TFS...
Deformable Mirror Nearest Neighbor Optical Digital Computer

Many problems are efficiently computed on nearest neighbor connected machines because they involve regular grids or grids that may be envisaged as distortions from regular. Examples include image processing and finite differences and finite elements that dominate engineering and scientific computation. Previously, I proposed an optical nearest neighbor machine concept with 5-bit accuracy. The simple design in this paper uses residue number arithmetic and two deformable mirror arrays of 1000 x 1000 elements to achieve 15 million operations per second with 32-bit accuracy. I assume that an array may be set in 8 ms. Duplication of equipment by 64 times enables one billion operations per second because perfect parallelism is achievable with residue numbers and nearest neighbor concepts. It is anticipated that the increased use of deformable mirror devices in computer peripherals will advance the technology to the point where designs such as that proposed will be practical. The proposed scheme appears to be superior to outer product and optical modulo schemes for nearest neighbor computation.
An active learning approach for rapid characterization of endothelial cells in human tumors

Currently, no available pathological or molecular measures of tumor angiogenesis predict response to antiangiogenic therapies used in clinical practice. Recognizing that tumor endothelial cells (EC) and EC activation and survival signaling are the direct targets of these therapies, we sought to develop an automated platform for quantifying activity of critical signaling pathways and other biological events in EC of patient tumors by histopathology. Computer image analysis of EC in highly heterogeneous human tumors by a statistical classifier trained using examples selected by human experts performed poorly due to subjectivity and selection bias. We hypothesized that the analysis can be optimized by a more active process to aid experts in identifying informative training examples. To test this hypothesis, we incorporated a novel active learning (AL) algorithm into FARSIGHT image analysis software that aids the expert by seeking out informative examples for the operator to label. The resulting FARSIGHT-AL system identified EC with specificity and sensitivity consistently greater than 0.9 and outperformed traditional supervised classification algorithms. The system modeled individual operator preferences and generated reproducible results. Using the results of EC classification, we also quantified proliferation (Ki67) and activity in important signal transduction pathways (MAP kinase, STAT3) in immunostained human clear cell renal cell carcinoma and other tumors. FARSIGHT-AL enables characterization of EC in conventionally preserved human tumors in a more automated process suitable for testing and validating in clinical trials. The results of our study support a unique opportunity for quantifying angiogenesis in a manner that can now be tested for its ability to identify novel predictive and response biomarkers.
Descriptive information, statistics and little known facts derived from a database of US civic hacking groups

Little descriptive information is available regarding the work of civic hackers in the US. Creating a database of civic hacker groups helps fill this gap in our knowledge. Information derived from civic hacker groups' websites and civic hackers themselves is compiled in a single database. Collectively, this information provides a valuable description of civic hacker organizations for statistical analysis and inferences. This poster presentation will provide a summary of our knowledge about civic hacker groups derived from the database analysis.
The molecular structure of bismuth oxide by Raman spectroscopy

A new method is presented for interpreting the Raman spectra of bismuth oxides. The method relies on empirical relations between bismuth-oxygen (BiO) bond lengths, bond strengths, and Raman stretching frequencies. A least-squares exponential fit of crystallographically determined BiO bond lengths and Raman stretching frequencies is presented along with a relation between BiO bond strengths, in valence units, and Raman stretching frequencies. The empirical bond length/bond strength/Raman stretching frequency relationships lead to a unique and effective method of interpreting Raman spectra of bismuth oxide species. This method allows the systematic determination of the BiO bond lengths and oxygen coordination of a BiOx polyhedron from its Raman spectrum. The utility of the method is illustrated by estimating the Raman stretching frequencies for ideally symmetric bismuth oxide structures BiO4, BiO5, BiO6, BiO7, and BiO8. As a final, practical example the method is used to determine the bond lengths and coordinations of the bismuth oxide species in the β- and δ-phases of Bi2O3. This new approach for evaluating the Raman spectra of bismuth oxide species is expected to be generally applicable to all bismuth oxides, regardless of environment, physical state, or oxidation state.
Direct isolation of human transcribed sequences from yeast artificial chromosomes through the application of RNA fingerprinting

The identification of cDNA clones from genomic regions known to contain human genes is usually the rate-limiting factor in positional cloning strategies. We demonstrate here that human genes present on yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) are transcribed in yeast host cells. We have used the arbitrarily primed RNA (RAP) fingerprinting method to identify human-specific, transcribed sequences from YACs located in the 13q12 chromosome region. By comparing the RAP fingerprints generated using defined, arbitrary primers from various fragmented YACs, megaYACs, and host yeast, we were able to identify and map 20 products transcribed from the human YAC inserts. This method, therefore, permits the simultaneous isolation and mapping of novel expressed sequences directly from whole YACs.
chip artifact CORRECTion (caCORRECT): a bioinformatics system for quality assurance of genomics and proteomics array data.

Quality assurance of high throughput “-omics” data is a major concern for biomedical discovery and translational medicine, and is considered a top priority in bioinformatics and systems biology. Here, we report a web-based bioinformatics tool called caCORRECT for chip artifact detection, analysis, and CORRECTion, which removes systematic artifactual noises that are commonly observed in microarray gene expression data. Despite the development of major databases such as GEO arrayExpress, caArray, and the SMD to manage and distribute microarray data to the public, reproducibility has been questioned in many cases, including high-profile papers and datasets. Based on both archived and synthetic data, we have designed the caCORRECT to have several advanced features: (1) to uncover significant, correctable artifacts that affect reproducibility of experiments; (2) to improve the integrity and quality of public archives by removing artifacts; (3) to provide a universal quality score to aid users in their selection of suitable microarray data; and (4) to improve the true-positive rate of biomarker selection verified by test data. These features are expected to improve the reproducibility of Microarray study. caCORRECT is freely available at: http://caCORRECT.bme.gatech.edu.
Air-spacer Self-Aligned Contact MOSFET for future dense memories

An air-spacer SAC (self-aligned contact) transistor is proposed. Air-spacer is created by removing the nitride spacer after the SAC plug has been formed. 3D mixed mode simulation shows that the 35% area benefit can be retained while improving the speed to be 10% better than a non-SAC device and switching energy to 82%.
The behavior of solid particles in a vertical turbulent boundary layer in air

Abstract This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the response of solid particles to a zero-pressure gradient, vertical, turbulent boundary layer in air. Two different size classified glass beads, 50 and 90 μm dia (Re ≈ 1 and 4, respectively), were independently dispersed in the air flow with a 2% mass loading. Velocities of both the contaminant particles and the seeded air flow were measured using laser Doppler anemometry. The data show that the light particle loading had no effect on either the mean flow or the turbulence properties of the air boundary layer. The measured r.m.s. velocity fluctuations of both particle sizes nearly equaled the flow turbulence intensity in the streamise direction but were strongly attenuated in the normal direction. This paper presents a model for predicting the mean particle behavior to within 2% and the particle r.m.s. velocities to within 50%.
A Videotape to Improve Parental Knowledge of Lead Poisoning

Background.—Disadvantaged children are at high risk for lead poisoning. Their parents often have poor knowledge of lead poisoning and do not know how to prevent lead poisoning in their child. Objective.—To assess an educational videotape's impact on parental knowledge and behavior about lead poisoning. Design.—Prospective study by self-administered parental survey immediately before (pretest) and after (posttest 1) well visits and mailed 2–4 weeks later (posttest 2). The intervention group watched the videotape immediately after the pretest. Setting.—Pediatric clinic in tertiary care hospital. Participants.—Consecutive sample of parents of 6-month-old to 6-year-old children (n = 146). Main Outcome Measures.—Survey included demographic questions, the shortened Chicago Lead Knowledge Test (sCLKT), and questions about parental behaviors. Results.—Mean pretest scores were 5.8 (SD, 2.8) and 5.3 (SD, 2.2), posttest 1 scores were 6.0 (SD, 2.6) and 10.6 (SD, 2.1), and posttest 2 scores were 6.1 (SD, 2.8) and 9.5 (SD, 2.8) of 14 in the control and intervention groups, respectively. Control and intervention group posttest 1 and posttest 2 score differences were statistically significant (P Conclusions.—The videotape significantly increased sCLKT scores and behaviors that may decrease children's risk of developing lead poisoning. Improvement persisted throughout the study period.
Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of model red fluorescent protein chromophores.

Here we describe the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of two compounds designed to model the chromophore in DsRed, a red fluorescent protein. Comparison with model green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophores indicates that the additional conjugation in the DsRed models can account, in part, for the red-shifted absorption and emission properties of DsRed compared to those of GFP. In contrast to the GFP models, the DsRed models are fluorescent with quantum yields of 0.002−0.01 in CHCl3.
Displacement cascades and defect annealing in tungsten, Part III: The sensitivity of cascade annealing in tungsten to the values of kinetic parameters

Abstract A study has been performed using object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) simulations to investigate various aspects of cascade aging in bulk tungsten (W) and to determine its sensitivity to the kinetic parameters. The primary focus is on how the kinetic parameters affect the intracascade recombination of defects. Results indicate that, due to the disparate mobilities of SIA and vacancy clusters, annealing is dominated by SIA migration even at 2050 K. It was found that for 100 keV cascades initiated at 300 K, recombination is dominated by the annihilation of large defect clusters, while for all the other primary knock-on atom (PKA) energies and temperatures, recombination is primarily due to the migration and rotation of small SIA clusters, while the large SIA clusters escape the simulation cell. The annealing efficiency exhibits an inverse U-shaped curve behavior with increasing temperature, especially at large PKA energies, caused by the asymmetry in SIA and vacancy clustering assisted by the large differences in their mobilities. This behavior is unaffected by the dimensionality of SIA migration, and it persists over a broad range of relative mobilities of SIAs and vacancies.
Konservativ-funktionelle Behandlung von Patellafrakturen: Indikationen — Techniken — Ergebnisse

Grundlagen: Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Klarung der Frage, ob und welche Patellafrakturen ohne Operation konservativ-funktionell behandelt werden konnen.
Eytan: The early development of a gifted child artist

Abstract: The early graphic development of a precociously gifted child artist, Eytan, for whom a continuous record of drawings exists, is examined in the light of a set of theoretically‐based questions. These concern the course of graphic development, the role of perspective drawings, and the extent to which a precocious achievement of perspective drawing in childhood is a mark of pathology. The issue of giftedness as precocious development or as the mark of unique qualities, and the relationship between art and cognition are also considered.
Sublingual administration of tacrolimus: current trends and available evidence

Widespread anecdotal use of sublingual tacrolimus administration has arisen, although little literature exists to guide practice. Given the paucity of data, we conducted a survey to evaluate the practice of sublingual tacrolimus administration at transplant centers across the United States and evaluated the literature that is currently available. A 10-question online survey assessing the current state of sublingual tacrolimus use was distributed to pharmacists at transplant centers that each performed more than 100 solid organ transplantations in 2013. In addition, a literature review was performed by searching the PubMed database to identify available evidence for the sublingual administration of tacrolimus. The online survey was completed by 59 (65.6%) of the 90 targeted transplant centers, representing 51.3% of all solid organ transplantations performed in 2013. Sublingual administration of tacrolimus was used in all solid organ transplant populations, with ~67% of lung transplant centers using this route for tacrolimus. The most common dose conversion was 2 mg oral to 1 mg sublingual, with 92% of centers opening oral capsules and administering the contents sublingually. Home use of sublingual administration and use in the pediatric population was uncommon. Seven peer-reviewed reports and one abstract were identified in the literature review. Seven of the eight publications reported favorably on sublingual administration, although no consistent dose conversion or method of administration was elucidated. The majority of the transplant centers surveyed found sublingual tacrolimus a viable alternative when oral administration is unavailable. A large robust prospective evaluation of sublingual administration of tacrolimus is imperative to provide the most effective care to solid organ transplant recipients and to ensure optimal safety for both patients and providers who administer the drug.
Expression and function of the murine B7 antigen, the major costimulatory molecule expressed by peritoneal exudate cells.

Abstract The murine B7 (mB7) protein is a potent costimulatory molecule for the T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated activation of murine CD4+ T cells. We have previously shown that stable mB7-transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells but not vector-transfected controls synergize with either anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-induced or concanavalin A-induced T-cell activation, resulting ultimately in lymphokine production and proliferation. We now have generated a hamster anti-mB7 monoclonal antibody. This reagent recognizes a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 50-60 kDa. The mB7 antigen is expressed on activated B cells and on peritoneal exudate cells (PECs). Antibody blocking experiments demonstrate that mB7 is the major costimulatory molecule expressed by PECs for the activation of murine CD4+ T cells. This suggests an important role for mB7 during immune-cell interactions. We have also surveyed a panel of murine cell lines capable of providing costimulatory activity. Our results indicate that mB7 is the major costimulatory molecule on some but not all cell lines and that there may be additional molecules besides mB7 that can costimulate the activation of murine CD4+ T cells.
Mobilization of ferritin iron in erythroblasts by chelating agents.

Abstract Intracellular ferritin in newt ( Triturus cristatus ) erythroblasts was accessible to the chelating effects of EDTA and pyridoxal phosphate. EDTA (0.5–1 mM) promoted release of radioactive iron from ferritin of pulse-labelled erythroblasts during chase incubation, but its continuous presence was not necessary for ferritin iron mobilization. Brief exposure to EDTA was sufficient to release 60–70% of ferritin 59 Fe content during ensuing chase in EDTA-free medium. EDTA also suppressed cellular iron uptake and utilization for heme synthesis, but these activities were restored upon its removal. Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (0.5–5 mM) also stimulated loss of radioactive iron from ferritin; however, ferritin iron release by pyridoxal phosphate required its continued presence. Unlike EDTA, pyridoxal phosphate did not interfere with iron uptake or its utilization for heme synthesis. Chelator-mobilized ferritin iron accumulated initially in the hemolysate as a low-molecular-weight component and appeared to be eventually released into the medium. No radioactive ferritin was found in the medium of chelator-treated cells, indicating that secretion or loss of ferritin was not responsible for decreasing cellular ferritin 59 Fe content. Moreover, there was no transfer of radioactive iron between the low-molecular-weight component released into the medium and plasma transferrin. These results indicate that chelator-released ferritin iron is not available for cellular utilization in heme synthesis and that ferritin iron released by this process is not an alternative or complementary iron source for heme synthesis. Correlation of these data with effects of succinylacetone inhibition of heme synthesis and with previous studies indicates that the main role of erythroid cell ferritin is absorption and storage of excess iron not used for heme synthesis.
Attenuation coefficient of millimetre-wave two-wire surface-wave transmission lines

The two-wire line is shown to have an attenuation coefficient in millimetre wavelengths which is about the same as the attenuation constant of RG-98/U rectangular waveguide. The attenuation coefficient is also shown to agree with Sommerfeld's equation. The field extent is shown to be of reasonable value.
Photoluminescence studies of quantum-well structures in pulsed magnetic fields

Abstract Magneto-photoluminescence spectroscopy at low temperatures has proved to be a powerful technique for investigating the electronic states of quantum well-type semiconductor heterostructures and offers a complimentary tool to electrical transport studies. We have established a magneto-optical facility at NHMFL-LANL and have undertaken a comprehensive investigation of magneto-excitonic and Landau transitions in a large variety of undoped and doped quantum-well structures. Fiber optic probes are used to switch between steady state (to 18 T) and pulsed (to 65 T) magnetic fields applied perpendicular (Faraday geometry) and parallel (Voigt geometry) to the growth axis of the 2D layers. The pulsed field mode requires that the spectroscopic data acquisition to be obtained in 1–2 ms in the `flat-top' region at the peak of the field. A broad range of samples have been investigated in pulsed magnetic fields as a function of temperature, sample geometry, and high pressure. Examples include single and coupled double quantum wells, modulation-doped quantum wells, and single interface heterojunction structures.
Substance Abuse and Mental Retardation: Balancing Risk Management with the “Dignity of Risk”:

Substance abuse (SA) is a documented issue for many people with mental retardation/developmental disabilities (MR/DD). However, little empirical data exist regarding the appropriateness or effectiv...
Electrostatic effects during surfactant adsorption

Abstract The adsorption of surface-active materials is often modeled with empirical semiempirical equations which frequently fail to account for key features such as the effect of chain length and electrostatic interactions either between the adsorbing molecules themselves or between the adsorbents and the adsorbing surface. A mean field theory, which incorporates electrostatic effects, has been used in this study to overcome these deficiencies and predict the adsorbed amount as well as the conformation of surface-active species. For simple surfactants (linear alkyl sulfates) the model predictions for adsorption isotherms exhibit the correct behavior, although the amount adsorbed predicted at saturation is lower than that observed experimentally. The adsorbed molecules are predicted to have very flat conformations under most conditions with significant extension occurring only when the surface density of the adsorbing surface becomes large enough that complete exclusion of the surfactant from the surface is imminent. The potential for local maxima and minima in adsorption isotherms is also demonstrated.
Enrichment of 18O in the nucleic acid bases

Abstract 18O enrichment in uracil, 1-methyluracil, 3-methyluracil, 1,3-dimethyluracil, thymine, and 5-bromouracil was effected in H218O with a trace of SOCl2 in sealed glass tubes and heated for 15 hr at 100°. Mass spectral analyses estimate the percentages of enrichment and due to the characteristic fragmentation pattern of uracil derivatives, 18O incorporation at C4 and C2 can be ascertained. The differences in the rates of incorporation of these compounds were rationalized in terms of steric, electronic, and tautomeric effects. These results give conclusive evidence for the formation of tetrahedral intermediates at C4 and C2.
Abundance and characterization of simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) isolated from a size-fractionated genomic library of Brassica napus L. (rapeseed).

A size-fractionated library of Brassica napus L. (rapeseed), composed of 15000 clones, was screened for the presence of GA-, CA-, and GATA-simple-sequence repeats (SSRs). GA-SSRs were four- and five-fold more abundant than CA- and GATA-SSRs, respectively, and present at a frequency of approximately one SSR for every 100 kb of DNA. Following the sequencing of 124 positive clones, primer pairs were designed and evaluated for seven selected SSRs. Products were amplified in an array of individuals of B. napus, B. oleracea and B. rapa, demonstrating that the seven SSRs were conserved among species. Two SSRs were polymorphic. Among 11 accessions, the dinucleotide (GA)-repeat, B.n.9A, yielded 12 fragments, while the tetranucleotide-repeat (GATA), B.n.6A2, revealed two fragments. Automated, fluorescence-based detection of polyacrylamide gels has been employed to simultaneously increase throughput, reduce unit cost, improve analytical resolution, and expedite data acquisition of SSR analysis. Though initial financial investment and technical capabilities may prevent some from directly employing our documented approach, SSR analysis warrants further investigation as a tool in genetic studies for enhancing both the conservation and utilization of genetic resources.
Immune status, antibiotic medication and pH are associated with changes in the stomach fluid microbiota

The stomach acts as a barrier to ingested microbes, thereby influencing the microbial ecology of the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The stomach microbiota and the role of human host and environmental factors, such as health status or medications, in shaping its composition remain largely unknown. We sought to characterize the bacterial and fungal microbiota in the stomach fluid in order to gain insights into the role of the stomach in GI homeostasis. Gastric fluid was collected from 25 patients undergoing clinically indicated upper endoscopy. DNA isolates were used for PCR amplification of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and fungal internal transcribed spacers (ITS). RNA isolates were used for 16S rRNA cDNA generation and subsequent PCR amplification. While all stomach fluid samples are dominated by the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria (>99% of sequence reads), the transcriptionally active microbiota shows significant reduction in Actinobacteria (34%) and increase in Campylobacter (444%) (P 4 (70%; P<0.05). Immunosuppression correlates with decreased abundance of Prevotella (24%), Fusobacterium (2%) and Leptotrichia (6%) and increased abundance of Lactobacillus (3844%) (P<0.003). We have generated the first in-depth characterization of the human gastric fluid microbiota, using bacterial 16S rRNA gene and transcript, and fungal ITS amplicon sequencing and provide evidence for a significant impact of the host immune status on its composition with likely consequences for human health.
Airplane Accident Fatalities Increase Just After Newspaper Stories About Murder and Suicide

Fatal crashes of private, business, and corporate-executive airplanes have increased after publicized murder-suicides. The more publicity given to a murder-suicide, the more crashes occurred. The increase in plane crashes occurred primarily in states where the murder-suicides were publicized. These findings suggest that murder-suicide stories trigger subsequent murder-suicides, some of which are disguised as airplane accidents.