cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of Iron-Rich Fe-Al Alloys to Embrittlement by Hydrogen and Water

Iron-rich Fe-Al alloys have been tensile tested in moist air and dry oxygen at a strain rate of 3.3 {times} 10{sup {minus}4} s{sup {minus}1}. Moist air did not cause embrittlement until the composition reached 18-20% Al. Alloys with lower aluminum contents were embrittled when tested in hydrogen gas. The environmental sensitivity of these alloys was further investigated by examining the effects of strain rate on the ductility. For the most part, no significant strain rate effects were observed in the low aluminum alloys; strain rates of up to 3.3 {times} 10{sup {minus}1} s{sup {minus}1} were not fast enough to prevent embrittlement. In contrast, the ductility of Fe-35 at.% Al did increase with increasing strain rate in air and hydrogen; at a strain rate of 3.3 {times} 10{sup {minus}1} s{sup {minus}1} the elongations approached that of vacuum.
Temperature dependence of Weibull stress parameters: Studies using the Euro-material

Abstract This work demonstrates the temperature invariance of the Weibull stress modulus, m, for a 22Ni–MoCr37 pressure vessel steel through calibrations at two extreme temperatures of the ductile-to-brittle transition. This temperature invariance reflects the characterization of microcrack size distribution in the material described by the modulus. The calibrations performed here also demonstrate the clear dependence of the Weibull scale parameter, σu, on temperature. The increase of σu with temperature reflects the increase in microscale toughness of ferritic steels. The calibration procedure employs a three-parameter Weibull stress model which includes the effects of a minimum (threshold) toughness, Kmin. The calibrations suggest that Kmin increases gradually with temperature. Finally, an engineering procedure is presented to enable practical applications of the Weibull stress model for defect assessments. This procedure combines the demonstrated temperature invariance of m, a recently developed method for predicting the variation of σu with temperature using the Master Curve, and calibration of the Weibull stress parameters at one temperature. The (calibrated) temperature invariant m and the estimated σu as a function of temperature are used to predict the cumulative probability of fracture for several large datasets without direct calibration.
Photoelastic visualization of contact phenomena between real tribological surfaces, with and without sliding

Abstract The design, construction and operation of a machine for visualizing real contact interfaces and testing sliding wear is described. The bodies that form the interface are both opaque—the slider is a carbon graphite sample (National Electrical Carbon Company brush grade 634) and the rotor surface is copper. The visualization technique uses contact indentation stresses and photoelasticity to generate optical fringes (shadows) directly beneath the contact interface. The resultant fringes indicate the size and location of the islands of real contact that exist within the apparent contact region. Resolution is sufficient to distinguish two neighbouring millimetre-sized contacts. For calibration and comparison purposes, photoelastic pictures of sharp graphite pencil points and hard plastic spheres of various diameter indenting the copper slip ring surface are presented. Photographs of photoelastic images of contact interfaces between an opaque carbon sample sliding against an opaque copper slip ring are also presented. Photographs are presented that show the formation of concentrated contact (and possible evolution to thermal mounding) on the carbon slider surface. Collective data from other photographs measures the relative occurrence of concentrated contact and suggests operating and surface conditions that can discourage concentrated contact and formation of thermal mounds.
Compositional and Texture Analysis of Tantalum Thin Films by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis:

Quantitative measurements of concentrations are given for the phases present in undoped tantalum thin films by the use of energy-dispersive x-ray detectors. This diffraction method can also yield the extent of preferred orientation.
Ecosystem Linkages between Southern Appalachian Headwater Streams and Their Banks: Leaf Litter Breakdown and Invertebrate Assemblages

We examined red maple (Acer rubrum L.) leaf litter breakdown in streams and riparian zones at two sites in the southern Appalachian Mountains to understand how differences in abiotic and biotic factors influence leaf breakdown rates. Litterbags were placed in three riparian habitats differing in litter layer moisture: stream > bank > upland. Invertebrates colonizing litterbags at one site were also examined to determine how variations in community and functional structure affect breakdown rates. Leaves broke down fastest in streams and slowest in upland habitats, whereas bank habitats were intermediate and characterized by high variability. Faster leaf breakdown rates in streams appeared to be a function of greater moisture availability, a more stable thermal regime, and a higher biomass of leaf-shredding invertebrates, especially the stonefly Tallaperla. In addition, patterns of leaf breakdown and invertebrate community structure provided evidence for a stronger than expected ecological connection between the stream and the bank. Overall, detritus processing within this narrow riparian ecosystem varied considerably depending on the availability of moisture. Results from this study show that stream channel–floodplain interactions in riparian ecosystems of steep forested mountains are analogous to ones in larger downstream or low-gradient systems. Riparian zones throughout a river network display a remarkable heterogeneity in their ability to process organic matter, which is ultimately driven by changes in hydrological conditions.
Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in women with breast cancer.

This study investigated whether diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer produced posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adult women. One hundred sixty women with early stage node-negative breast cancer completed self-report questionnaires and underwent a full diagnostic assessment (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R). PTSD symptoms were common; however, only 3% of the women interviewed met stringent criteria for cancer-related PTSD in the 4–12 months following the completion of their medical treatment. Thus, breast cancer produced considerable distress, but low rates of PTSD, and may not fit well as a Criterion A stressor event for PTSD. Caution is urged for an assumption of a PTSD diagnosis based on self-reported symptoms.
Modeling flow-induced crystallization in fiber spinning

A brief review is given of the microstructural/constitutive model for flow-induced crystallization (FIC), developed by the authors that couples polymer microstructure (molecular orientation and crystallinity) with the macroscopic velocity/stress and temperature fields. Application of the model to melt spinning of nylons and poly(ethylene terphthalate) (PET) under both low- and high-speed spinline conditions is described. The fiber spinning model includes the combined effects of FIC, viscoelasticity, filament cooling, air drag, inertia, surface tension and gravity, and simulates melt spinning from the spinneret down to the take-up roll device (below the freeze point). For both nylons and PET, model fits and predictions are shown to be in very good quantitative agreement with spinline data for the fiber velocity, diameter and temperature fields at both low- and high-speed conditions, and, with flow birefringence data available for high speeds. The model captures the necking phenomenon for nylon and PET quantitatively and the associated extensional softening at high-speed conditions and the occurrence of the freeze point naturally at both low- and high-speed conditions.
Reflexion spaces of minimal and maximal torsion

The tangent bundle T(M) of M splits in a natural way into the direct sum of two subbundles, T(M)= T+(M)G T-(M), called the bundles of vertical and horizontal vectors. T + (M) is an involutive subbundle of T(M). Let J be the projection onto T ( M ) and S the Nijenhuis torsion tensor of J. We are concerned here with the following special cases: i) S=0 , ii) For every peM, the vectors of the form S(X, Y) span Tp+(M), where x , r~ T; (M); these might be described as the cases of minimal and maximal torsion. In case i) the bundle T (M) is involutive and M is foliated by its maximal integral manifolds. In case ii) the group of inner automorphisms acts transitively on M and the full automorphism group is a Lie transformation group.
Investigation on Cutting Temperature in Turning by a Tool-Work Thermocouple Technique

Tool-chip interface temperature is analyzed experimentally during turning of 4140 steel alloy and Inconel 718 with tungsten carbide tools using a tool-work thermocouple technique. The experimental results are compared with Loewen and Shaw’s analytical results. Based on the experimental results, an empirical model relating the tool face temperature to cutting conditions is established for 4140 steel alloys with tungsten carbide tools. Finally, the tool-chip interface is investigated with flank and crater wear to determine the effect of tool face temperature on these tool wear mechanisms.
A Planetary Boundary-Layer Model for the Somali Jet

Abstract In this paper we investigate a baroclinic boundary layer of cross-equatorial flow over the Arabian Sea with a fine-mesh (200 m) vertical resolution numerical model. The dynamical model utilizes a prescribed vertically varying pressure field from observations. The vertical variation of eddy diffusivity is parameterized. Long-term steady state on a meridional-vertical plane is obtained via integrations of the numerical model starting from an initial Ekman balance. The principal results of the study include a realistic simulation of the vertical structure of the cross-equatorial flow. The balance of forces and boundary-layer transitions between strong cross-equatorial flow, the low-level jet and an ITCZ over the northern Arabian Sea are analyzed in some detail. We note that an advective boundary layer is dominant across the equator, and the core of the low-level jet is located toward the poleward edge of the advective boundary layer. North of this region a gradual increase of upward motion is noted ...
Induction of Experimental Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome in PL/J Mice Following Immunization With β2GPI

PROBLEM: Immunization with β 2 -glycoprotein I (β 2 GPI) induces antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in normal mice and rabbits. Recently we reported early onset of autoimmunity in MRL/++ mice following immunization with β 2 GPI. There is a close association between aPL with thrombosis, recurrent fetal loss, and intrauterine growth retardation. In this study we evaluated the effect of β 2 GPI-induced aPL on pregnancy outcomes in an inbred strain of mice (PL/J). METHOD: Three groups of seven-week-old female PL/J mice (12 per group) were studied. Group A was immunized with β 2 GPI and group B with ovalbumin; group C was not immunized. After two booster injections, the mice were tested for aPL, anti-DNA by ELISA, and for ANA by indirect immunofluorescence. Platelet count and pregnancy outcomes were studied at the age of 14 weeks. RESULTS: The aPL and anti-DNA levels were higher at 12 and 14 weeks in group A; the optical densities (OD) were 1.72±0.6 and 0.699±0.25 for group A, 0.091±0.040 and 0.230±0.47 for group B, and 0.0435±0.003 and 0.119±0.026 for group C (comparing group A with groups B and C combined, P<0.001). ANA titers rose in groups A and B by age, but they were significantly higher at 14 weeks in group A. The mean titers were 1/286, 1/90, and 1/16 for A, B, and C, respectively (P<0.001). The platelet counts were not significantly different among the three groups. The litter size was significantly smaller in group A, as evidenced by the numbers of viable fetuses among the mice that became pregnant in each group: 0.75, 2.45, and 5.5 in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Seven pregnant mice in group A had complete resorption, seven pregnant mice in group B showed focal (partial) resorption areas, and only one mouse in group C had complete resorption of the embryos, as shown by histopathological studies, although the fecundity rate was similar in the three groups. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a pathogenic role for β 2 GPI-induced aPL in the development of experimental models of APS in PL/J mice.
Representation of non-spatial and spatial information in the lateral entorhinal cortex.

Some theories of memory propose that the hippocampus integrates the individual items and events of experience within a contextual or spatial framework. The hippocampus receives cortical input from two major pathways: the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) and the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC). During exploration in an open field, the firing fields of MEC grid cells form a periodically repeating, triangular array. In contrast, LEC neurons show little spatial selectivity, and it has been proposed that the LEC may provide nonspatial input to the hippocampus. Here, we recorded MEC and LEC neurons while rats explored an open field that contained discrete objects. LEC cells fired selectively at locations relative to the objects, whereas MEC cells were weakly influenced by the objects. These results provide the first direct demonstration of a double dissociation between LEC and MEC inputs to the hippocampus under conditions of exploration typically used to study hippocampal place cells.
Screening for ovarian carcinoma: Hopeful and wishful thinking

Abstract OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to review the published articles on screening for ovarian carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was performed of the articles published in the English literature during the past 10 years. The articles of Herbst and Cohen, included in this panel discussion, were reviewed as part of this study. RESULTS: Compared with the prevalence of other cancers screened for by gynecologists, that of ovarian cancer is low. Neither CA 125 nor vaginal ultrasonography has consistently provided the mandatory high specificity and sensitivity values required for successful screening of a disease of low prevalence. The cost of vaginal ultrasonography and color flow Doppler studies is too high for mass screening programs. CONCLUSION: There is little evidence to support widespread screening of large populations of women who do not have familial or genetic risk factors for ovarian carcinoma. An informed patient and an informed physician should weigh the risk-benefit ratios of periodic screening versus prophylactic oophorectomy in the individual high-risk patient. The effectiveness of periodic screening has not been established or proved even for the high-risk patient. (AM J OBSTET GYNECOL 1994; 170:1095-8.)
The simulated features of heliospheric cosmic-ray modulation with a time-dependent drift model. II: On the energy dependence of the onset of new modulation in 1987

Time-dependent heliospheric cosmic-ray modulation for the period 1985-1989 is simulated by means of a time-dependent axially symmetric drift model with an emulated wavy heliospheric neutral sheet (HNS). The model is used to extend previous calculations to other energies in order to study a possible energy-dependence of the onset of new modulation at various radial distances in 1987. The model, with the outward propagating changes of the HNS as the only time-dependent parameters, is found to predict essentially no energy-dependence in the time when new modulation started in the simulated 1987. When a more practical approach in defining 'constant' modulation in 1987 is followed, the present calculations can be interpreted to indicate that the end of the recovery period in 1987 happened progressively earlier and the onset of new modulation progressively later the higher the rigidity of the cosmic rays. This period of relatively unchanged modulation is predicted to last longer with increasing radial distance.
Optimal carbon capture and storage contracts using historical CO_2 emissions levels

In an effort to reduce carbon dioxide (CO\(_2\)) emissions to the atmosphere, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology has been developed to collect CO\(_2\) from emissions generators and store it underground. Recent proposed legislation would limit the volume of emissions generated from power sources, effectively requiring some sources to participate in CCS. Both emissions sources and storage operators require incentives to enter into contracts to capture excess emissions at the source, and transport and store the CO\(_2\) underground. As the level of emissions from power plants is stochastic and carryover into future time periods is expensive, we develop a newsvendor model to determine the optimal price and volume of these contracts to maximize the expected profit of the storage operator and encourage the participation of multiple emissions sources. Because the storage operator has a limit on the amount of CO\(_2\) that can be injected each month, this limit affects the allocation of the optimal contract amounts between the emitters. The distribution of emissions and relative costs of transportation also influence the optimal policy. In addition to analytical solutions, we present data-driven methods for using correlated emissions data to determine the optimal price and volume of these contracts.
Crystal structure of 4,5-bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)imidazole.

A nonlinear optical chromophore, 4,5-bis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)imidazole, was investigated by X-ray crystallography. The study focused on coplanarity among several aromatic rings, including phenyls and imidazole. Two phenyl rings with NMe2 groups are twisted by 46.39(3)° from each other. However, they are twisted by 23.05(5)° and 46.84(3)° from the imidazole, respectively. These unequal twists were elucidated by different conjugation pathways from the donors to the acceptor. The phenyl ring with the NO2 group is twisted by only 6.76(6)° from the imidazole.
PINUS BUCHANANII, A NEW SPECIES BASED ON A PETRIFIED CONE FROM THE OLIGOCENE OF WASHINGTON

A silicified seed cone of Oligocene age from the Olympic Peninsula of Washington represents a new species of Pinus. The cone was about 8 cm long and 3 cm at its widest diameter in the living condition. Its scale apices are thickened and each has a dorsal umbo. Internal cone construction confirms the assignment of the new species to Pinus and suggests affinity with the subsections Australes and Ponderosae of the section Pinus, subgenus Pinus. The cone is peculiar in having a stout bract trace that is slightly concave on its adaxial side and in having resin canals that diverge from the axial secretory system toward the bract but constrict markedly and terminate before entering the bract. THE NEW SPECIES described in this report is based on a single silicified specimen found in one of many rounded silt-sandstone boulders that occur on the beach near the mouth of Jansen Creek along the northern edge of the Olympic Peninsula. These boulders come from the Oligocene Twin Bridges Formation (Arnold and Hannibal, 1913) which is exposed at the inland edge of the beach. Boulders like those lying loose on the beach occur in place in these exposures. The single specimen (Fig. 1) was found by Mr. William Buchanan of Clallam Bay, Washington, and the new species is named in his honor. While the specimen consists of less than half of the original cone, its cellular structure is well preserved permitting anatomical description and comparison with other fossil and modern cones.
Clearing the next hurdles in the treatment of acute ascending aortic syndrome

Improvements in the treatment of acute ascending aortic dissection have occurred slowly. In our institution, the mortality rate dropped from around 30–15% in the mid-1980s as we learned to standardize repair with the use of circulatory arrest and improved techniques for obtaining haemostasis [1]. Since that time, further improvements in care have led to acute mortality rates consistently between 5 and 10% for all comers at the Cleveland Clinic. Other centres of excellence have demonstrated similar improvements in survival, but the pace of improvement has not occurred as quickly or extensively one would like, as evidenced by recent reviews of the International Registry of Aortic Dissection (IRAD) and large national administrative databases [2–4]. The mean mortality has decreased by 4% over a decade, but the national average is still greater than 20%. Analysis of these large databases is important because it demonstrates that larger volume centres and more experienced surgeons have significantly better outcomes. The problem with these databases is that they lack the granularity to assess details critical to making those improvements. Something that has consistently been found to be the most important factor in predicting survival is the presence of malperfusion at presentation [2]. In an analysis of acute outcomes after emergency type A dissection repair from Geirsson et al., the overall mortality rate was 12.7%, and was strongly associated with malperfusion. In patients with malperfusion, it was 25.8% compared with only 3.1% in those without [5]. We have also seen increased mortality in patients presenting with malperfusion. It is possible that, as a tertiary referral centre drawing from a large region, there may be an element of selection such that patients with the worst cases of malperfusion do not get transferred. Nonetheless, we have seen that as many as 40% of patients referred for DeBakey type 1 dissection will have an element of malperfusion to distal vascular beds [6]. It is this consequence of the acute dissection process that seems to be the most malignant contributor to the pathophysiology of acute dissection. Fortunately, timely treatment can relieve associated tamponade, correct acute aortic valve insufficiency and re-establish coronary and brain perfusion so that most patients will recover from the acute event. This has been the standard of care for over two decades and has led to an increasing appreciation for what happens to patients in the chronic state [7]. Although we have seen some improvement in early survival at centres of excellence, long-term survival after emergency repair of type A dissection is still poor with a 10-year survival of 60% at 10 years for a group of relatively young (mean age 45–62 years) patients [2–5,8].
A display quotient and a display number for radiographic evaluation of films and radiation quality.

Abstract This experimental study of the evaluation of dental radiographic films compares the information obtained by use of the “average gradient,” a display quotient, and a display number. The display quotient and the display number were found to be superior to the “average gradient” in distinguishing films and a wide variety of radiation qualities. The film and radiation quality which yields the largest value for the display quotient should be used when visualization is required for structures having a range of physical surface densities between 0 and 15 mm. of aluminum.
Oxidative stress disrupts nitric oxide synthase activation in liver endothelial cells

Oxidative stress may mediate vascular disruption associated with a loss of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and a hypersensitivity to the constrictor effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1). We hypothesize that this is due, in part, to uncoupling of ET(B) receptors from eNOS activation. Thus, we tested whether oxidative stress (OS) affects liver vascular relaxation by reducing basal and ET-1-induced NO production. Primary sinusoidal endothelial cell cultures were pretreated with H(2)O(2) (25 microM) for 1 or 6 h before a 10-min ET-1 stimulation. OS resulted in a significant basal and ET-1-induced decrease in NO production. Acute OS increased the monomeric form of the inhibitory protein caveolin-1 (1.2 +/- 0.05 vs 0.9 +/- 0.02, p < 0.01) and increased the eNOS-caveolin association as determined by coimmunoprecipitation (1.24 +/- 0.04 vs 0.97 +/- 0.04, p < 0.05). ET-1 stimulation further exacerbated these effects. Subacute OS inhibited ET-1-induced eNOS phosphorylation of serine 1177 (activation residue) (1 +/- 0.07 vs 1.6 +/- 0.04, p < 0.05) and dephosphorylation of the inhibitory residue threonine 495 (1.5 +/- 0.08 vs 0.7 +/- 0.02, p < 0.01). Additionally subacute OS resulted in dissociation of eNOS from ET(B) (0.8 +/- 0.09 vs 1.2 +/- 0.06, p < 0.05). Our findings indicate that acute and subacute oxidative stress result in the inhibition of induced nitric oxide synthase activity through distinct mechanisms dependent on caveolin-1 inhibition, ET(B) dissociation, and eNOS phosphorylation.
Long-term overstory and understory change following logging and fire exclusion in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest

Abstract In many forests of the western US, increased potential for fires of uncharacteristic intensity and severity is frequently attributed to structural changes brought about by fire exclusion, past land management practices, and climate. Extent of forest change and effect on understory vegetation over time are not well understood, but such information is useful to forest management focused on restoring biodiversity and resilience to these ecosystems. We re-measured three large (4 ha) historical “Methods of Cutting” (MC) plots in mixed-conifer forest of the central Sierra Nevada installed in 1929 to evaluate the effects of different logging methods. Trees ⩾10 cm were surveyed across the entire plots and understory vegetation (tree seedlings, shrubs, and herbaceous species) was quantified within quadrats in the old-growth condition in 1929 prior to logging, later in 1929 after logging, and again in 2007 or 2008. We also compared forest structure in the MC plots with an adjacent unlogged “control” area and collected fire scar samples from nearby stumps to evaluate the historical fire regime. The contemporary tree density in the MC plots (739 trees ha −1 ) was 2.4 times greater than the 1929 pre-logging density (314 trees ha −1 ). Trees in the small and intermediate size classes (10–75 cm dbh) were significantly over-represented, and trees in the larger size classes (>90 cm dbh) generally significantly under-represented, compared with historical conditions. The proportion of pine dropped from 37% of tree basal area in 1929 to 21% in 2007/08. Density of small to intermediate sized trees was similar in the contemporary logged and unlogged control plots, suggesting that over the long term, ingrowth may have been influenced more by lack of fire than historical logging. Change to non-tree vegetation was most pronounced for shrub cover, which averaged 28.6% in 1929 but only 2.5% in 2008. CART analysis indicated that the highest shrub cover in 1929 was in areas having four or fewer trees growing within 15 m to the south of the quadrat, suggesting that reduced light was the most likely explanation for the decline over time. Herbaceous species richness in 2008 was significantly lower than in 1931, two years after logging, but did not differ significantly from 1929, prior to logging. Understory vegetation should benefit from thinning or prescribed fire treatments that lead to a greater abundance of higher light environments within stands.
Low-resistance n-type polycrystalline InAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Abstract We report growth and electrical properties of low-resistance, silicon-doped polycrystalline InAs (poly-InAs) by molecular beam epitaxy. The material was characterized by Hall measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission line measurements. The resistivity of poly-InAs is found to have a strong dependence on film thickness and grain size as well as the density of the crystallite grains. The low-resistivity poly-InAs is proposed as an extrinsic emitter contact material in III–V heterojunction bipolar transistors similar to the polycrystalline silicon used as contacts in silicon bipolar junction transistor technology.
Multi-Objective Mechanism Design Using a Bi-Level Game Theoretic Formulation

This paper considers the design of a high speed mechanism as a multi objective optimization problem wherein the kinematic and dynamic criteria are optimized simultaneously. The kinematic criteria include minimization of the structural error and a minimization of deviation of the transmission angle from its ideal value. The dynamic criterion used is minimization of the peak torque required to drive the input link over a cycle. A Stackelberg (leader-follower) game theoretic approach is proposed to solve the multiobjective problem. Three variants, wherein both the kinematic and the dynamic criteria are treated as the leader, are considered. The design variables are the mechanism dimensions. A computational procedure using sensitivity information is proposed for approximating rational reaction sets needed for capturing exchange of information between the leader and the follower problems. A numerical example dealing with the design of a path generating 4-bar mechanism is presented. It is shown that significant improvement in both kinematic and dynamic performance measures is simultaneously achieved using the proposed approach.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Shakespeare's Tempest and Eliot's Waste Land: “What the Thunder Said”

An exploration of the theme of art in Shakespeare's Tempest casts light on Eliot's use of the play in The Waste Land. Art has powers of redemption because it involves qualities of restraint, balance, timing - of “government” in the broadest sense - which are analogous to those required in the control of a life, a state, or a destiny. A further analogy is suggested between receptivity to the harmonious and healing effects of art and a character's capacity for compassion. the qualities of control and compassion involved in the creation of and response to art are those necessary to attaining a “clear life”: art is a means of redemption because it teaches us to “give, sympathize, and control.” the key to releasing the curse on the modern Waste Land, the means to the feeling and remembrance that might revitalize it, are precisely those actions and attitudes which Shakespeare's last play affirms as central. Correspondences exist between the play and poem of which Eliot was no doubt aware, as he wove allusions to the play throughout his work: “What the Thunder Says” is, in the deepest sense, what The Tempest says - “give, sympathize, control.”
Solution equilibria of copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes of glycyl peptide amides

Abstract The aqueous solution equilibria of the copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes of glycinamide, glycylglycinamide and glycylglycylglycinamide have been determined by pH titration at 25° and I = 0·10 (NaClO 4 ). Protons are ionized from terminal amide nitrogens as well as from peptide nitrogens. Simultaneous ionization of peptide protons is observed for the nickel(II) complexes of glycinamide and glycylglycylglycinamide. However, the glycylglycinamide complex ionizes two amide protons separately with p K a values of 8·52 ± 0·02 and 9·34 ± 0·02. At higher pH a third proton is ionized from a coordinated water molecule with p K a = 10·5.
Real-time depth enhanced monocular odometry

Visual odometry can be augmented by depth information such as provided by RGB-D cameras, or from lidars associated with cameras. However, such depth information can be limited by the sensors, leaving large areas in the visual images where depth is unavailable. Here, we propose a method to utilize the depth, even if sparsely available, in recovery of camera motion. In addition, the method utilizes depth by triangulation from the previously estimated motion, and salient visual features for which depth is unavailable. The core of our method is a bundle adjustment that refines the motion estimates in parallel by processing a sequence of images, in a batch optimization. We have evaluated our method in three sensor setups, one using an RGB-D camera, and two using combinations of a camera and a 3D lidar. Our method is rated #2 on the KITTI odometry benchmark irrespective of sensing modality, and is rated #1 among visual odometry methods.
New speech act verbs in American English

(1990). New speech act verbs in American English. Research on Language and Social Interaction: Vol. 24, No. 1-4, pp. 449-459.
GRID and Multiphonon States.

The development of the GRID technique for determining nuclear level lifetimes of excited low-spin states populated in thermal neutron capture reactions has resulted in the ability to perform detailed studies of proposed multiphonon excitations for the first time. This paper discusses the experimental evidence for multiphonon excitations determined using the GRID technique. In deformed nuclei several good examples of {gamma}{gamma} K{sup {pi}} = 4{sup +} excitations have been established, whereas the experimental evidence gathered on K{sup {pi}} = 0{sup +} bands is contradictory, and any interpretations will likely involve the mixing of several different configurations. In vibrational nuclei the GRID technique has helped to establish the existence of multiple quadrupole phonon excitations in {sup 114}Cd, and an almost complete set of quadrupole-octupole coupled states in {sup 144}Nd.
Synthesis of well-ordered ultra-thin titanium oxide films on Mo(112)

Abstract Well-ordered Mo(1 1 2)–(8 × 2)-TiO x films were grown on the Mo(1 1 2) surface. Two preparation methods, direct growth on the Mo(1 1 2) surface and indirect growth by deposition of Ti onto monolayer SiO 2 /Mo(1 1 2), were used. The latter method was found to be more reproducible with respect to film quality as determined by low-energy electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy. The well-ordered (8 × 2)-TiO x film, for which a structure is proposed, was determined to be 1 ML and the Ti to be in an oxidation state of +3 using Auger spectroscopy, high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Cleavage of DNA by the Insulin-Mimetic Compound, NH4[VO(O2)2(phen)]

The kinetics and mechanism of cleavage of DNA by the insulin-mimetic peroxo-vanadate NH4(VO(O2)2(phen)), pV, are described. In the presence of low energy UV radiation or biologically common reducing agents, pV decomposes into the monomer, dimer, and tetramer of vanadate and an uncharacterized compound of V 4+ as shown by 51 V NMR, ESR, and absorption spectra. The rate of photodecomposition of pV is reduced in the presence of calf thymus DNA, indicating that a decomposition product of the peroxo-vanadate, that is important in the destruction pathway of the complex, is interacting with DNA. This species, probably a short-lived complex of V 4+ , may also be responsible for the observed catalytic decomposition of pV in the absence of DNA by ascorbate. If closed circular pBR322 DNA is present when the peroxo-vanadate is destroyed by either UV radiation or reducing agents, the polymer may have its sugar-phosphate backbone broken. Closed circular DNA (form I) is converted into nicked circular DNA (form II) and linear DNA (form III). The amounts of the various forms produced as a function of irradiation time and peroxo-vanadate concentration were fit to a kinetic model to derive rate constants for the conversions. The kinetic analysis shows that pV is a single-strand nicking agent which exhibits some base and/or sequence preference. Furthermore, the pH dependences of the rates for conversion of form I to form II and for conversion of form II to form III are different, indicating that the nature of the chemistry at the site of cleavage on DNA influences further cutting by activated pV. Reduced amounts of DNA breakage in the presence of various salts and metal binding ligands indicate that a short-lived reactive complex of V 4+ , not the V 4+ species detected by ESR at long irradiation times, is important in the cleavage process. The susceptibility of pV to decomposition by biologically common reducing agents suggests that metabolites of the agent, and not the compound itself, are responsible for its insulin-mimetic effects.
Impulse control or selective attention: Remedial programs for hyperactivity

The purpose of the present study was to compare various cognitive treatment approaches for ameliorating the difficulties of hyperactive children on tasks requiring sustained vigilance and accuracy. Differential training techniques comparing training in attention to inhibitory control indicated that a combination of attentional and inhibitory control strategies was most efficacious in enhancing cognitive performance of these children. The findings from the present research further were interpreted to support the hypothesis suggesting that problems with impulse control and attention occur concurrently in hyperkinetic children, although remediation in attentional deploying strategies is necessary for enhancing cognitive performance of these children. The results from this study further indicated that training hyperkinetic children solely in inhibitory control simply is not sufficient for enhancing cognitive performance.
Rank pattern-based selection of input/output ARMA model order

Rational transfer functions are standard models for radar targets and adaptive beamforming. Fitting these models essentially involves estimating the transfer function ''poles and zeroes.'' A key preliminary step in this estimation process is to determine the numbers of poles and zeros, or equivalently to determine the order of the corresponding ARMA model. A pattern-based method of order selection using matrix ranks is proposed for input/output (I/O) ARMA models, where ARMA model inputs and outputs are each observed in additive noise with known variances. This I/O ARMA model encompasses two distinct scenarios: observational studies in which all observations-those of both inputs and outputs-are erred, and controlled experiments in which outputs are observed with error while inputs are known without error. The proposed rank pattern method exploits the eigenvalue structure of the covariance matrices associated with the observed data and performs well for short data records at moderate SNRs.
Theoretical study of O chemisorption on NiO

Abstract Unrestricted Hartree-Fock calculations are reported on the chemisorption of oxygen on the (100) surface of nickel oxide. Binding energy curves for neutral and ionized oxygen above a surface nickel are presented. These wells are insufficiently deep to explain observations, and it is suggested that defect sites are active in observed catalytic reactions.
Calf exercise-induced vasodilation is blunted in healthy older adults with increased walking performance fatigue.

Vascular aging as measured by central arterial stiffness contributes to slow walking speed in older adults, but the impact of age-related changes in peripheral vascular function on walking performance is unclear. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that calf muscle-specific vasodilator responses are associated with walking performance fatigue in healthy older adults. Forty-five older (60–78 yrs) adults performed a fast-paced 400 m walk test. Twelve of these adults exhibited fatigue as defined by slowing of walking speed (≥ 0.02 m/s) measured during the first and last 100 m segments of the 400 m test. Peak calf vascular conductance was measured following 10 min of arterial occlusion using strain-gauge plethysmography. Superficial femoral artery (SFA) vascular conductance response to graded plantar-flexion exercise was measured using Doppler ultrasound. No difference was found for peak calf vascular conductance between adults that slowed walking speed and those that maintained walking speed (p > 0.05); however, older adults that slowed walking speed had a lower SFA vascular conductance response to calf exercise (at highest workload: slowed group, 2.4 ± 0.9 vs. maintained group, 3.6 ± 0.9 ml/kg/min/mm Hg; p < 0.01). Moreover, the initial increase in SFA vascular conductance from rest to exercise was positively correlated with the change in walking speed for all adults (rho = 0.41, p = 0.005). In conclusion, these results suggest that calf exercise hemodynamics are associated with walking performance fatigability in older adults.
Damage threshold measurements: Self-focusing or intrinsic damage?

The laser-induced damage (LID) thresholds of pure fused silica (Corning 7980) have been measured with single temporal mode nanosecond pulses at 1064 nm. The laser beam has been focused by spherical and conical lenses into 1.6 μm diameter spots. In the case of pseudo-Bessel beam (conical lens) which inherently was not subjected to self-focusing the threshold has been close to the intrinsic threshold in fused silica. However, the measurement with pseudo-Gaussian beam (spherical lens) has shown about 30% lower value of threshold. Complete identity in the cross-section distributions of beam intensities and considerable difference in measured thresholds indicate that self-focusing influence on the LID of dielectrics even for tight focused laser beams.
Behavioral Effects of Tularemia and Sandfly Fever in Man

hospitalized and nonhospitalized volunteers. After exposure, men continued to work normally during incubation periods; decrements in performance first appeared in coincidence with onset of illness and became maximal when symptoms were greatest. Patterns of decrements were similar in bacterial and viral illnesses, but the degree was greater on the average with tularemia than with sandfly fever (drops to 69% and 80% of baseline, respectively). Measured decrements were general, rather than specific to any of several behavioral functions, and average decrements were clearly related in timing and magnitude to the presence and severity of illness. Estimates of motivation and extensive clinical and psychological tests provided no insight with regard to differences among individual volunteers in the ability to maintain performance at levels observed before illness; such differences were essentially maximal in range, even with as few subjects as the 16 in the studies on tularemia. Among subjects who were equally febrile, some showed no decrements in performance, whereas others were unable to work at all.
Apolipoprotein E4 enhances attachment of Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae elementary bodies to host cells.

Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae is an intracellular respiratory pathogen known to cause community-acquired pneumonia. Infection with this organism has been associated with atherosclerosis, inflammatory arthritis, and other chronic diseases, many of which also have been associated with possession of the e4 allele at the APOE locus on (human) chromosome 19. An earlier study from this laboratory suggested that some relationship exists between apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4), the product of the e4 allele, and the pathobiology of C. pneumoniae. A standard attachment assay and real time PCR targeting a sequence on the C. pneumoniae chromosome were used to monitor host cell binding of elementary bodies (EB) of that organism. Our data indicate that 3-fold more EB of strain AR-39 attach to an e3 homozygous human cell line transfected with a plasmid expressing the e4 coding sequence than to the same cell line harboring empty vector, vector containing an irrelevant insert sequence, or vector containing the DNA sequence encoding apoE3. The quantitative real time data were confirmed by immunolabeling of chlamydial inclusions in parallel attachment and infection assays. Experiments using Chlamydophila trachomatis EB showed no enhancement of attachment in the presence of the e4 allele in any assays. These observations indicate that apoE4 enhances attachment of C. pneumoniae EB, but not those of C. trachomatis, to target host cells.
Drug-metabolizing enzyme, transporter, and nuclear receptor genetically modified mouse models.

Determining the in vivo significance of a specific enzyme, transporter or xenobiotic receptor in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics may be hampered by gene multiplicity and complexity, levels of expression and interaction between various components involved. The development of knockout (loss-of-function) and transgenic (gain-of-function) mouse models opens the door to the improved understanding of gene function in a whole body system. There is also growing interest in the development of humanized mice to overcome species difference in drug metabolism and disposition. This review, therefore, aims to summarize and discuss some successful examples of drug-metabolizing enzyme, transporter, and nuclear receptor genetically modified mouse models. These genetically modified mouse models have proven as invaluable models for understanding in vivo function of drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters and xenobiotic receptors in drug metabolism and transport, as well as predicting potential drug-drug interaction and toxicity in humans. Nevertheless, concerns remain about interpretation of data obtained from such genetically modified mouse models in which the expression of related genes is altered significantly.
Hemodynamic Changes after Surgical MAZE: Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Stiff Left Atrial Syndrome?

Purpose Surgical MAZE procedure remains an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation but may result in hemodynamic changes with development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to left-sided heart disease, previously unreported in the literature. Methods and Materials A review of all patients undergoing MAZE procedure between 1/1/1999 and 12/31/2004 was performed. All patients had pre- and post-operative 2D echocardiograms (>3 months after MAZE). Estimated right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) cutoff ≥40 mm Hg on echocardiogram was suggestive of elevated right-sided pressures. Exclusion criteria included congenital heart disease, pre-operative RVSP >40 mm Hg, pre-op pulmonary hypertension, and mitral stenosis. Right heart catheterization was performed on patients with unexplained dyspnea in post-operative setting. Results Forty-one patients (26 males) with an average age of 63±10 years met inclusion criteria. The majority of patients (26/41, 63%) had post-op RVSP ≥40 mm Hg. Median pre-op RVSP was 32 mm Hg (IQ 27;37) with an increase in post-op RVSP to 41 mm Hg (IQ 33;58). Increase in RVSP was significant at 5 years (13±16 mm Hg; p=0.0005) post-Maze corresponding with an increase in RV size at 5 years and worsening RV systolic function. Eight patients underwent right heart catheterization. Mean RVSP was 53±13 mm Hg with a right atrial pressure of 14 ± mm Hg. Mean pulmonary artery pressure was 35±7 mm Hg with mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 19±5 mm Hg and mean v wave of 27±6 mm Hg. Mean transpulmonary gradient was 16±6 mm Hg. Development of PH adversely impacted 10-year survival (p=0.03). Conclusions Surgical MAZE can by complicated by PH seen both noninvasively and invasively. The hemodynamic pathophysiology is mediated by left atrial noncompliance or Stiff Left Atrial Syndrome and may be a significant complication following surgical MAZE procedure, warranting further investigation.
The ultraviolet spectrum and continuum energy distribution of the bright quasar H1821 + 643

The first UV observations of the bright QSO H1821 + 643 are reported. With V = 14.2 mag and z = 0.297, H1821 + 643 is the second brightest object in the sky at z above 0.1. The IUE data are combined with new optical spectroscopy, and existing IR and X-ray data, to reveal a strong optical/UV 'big bump', which continues past the Lyman limit in the rest frame of the QSO. A possible turnover at the high-frequency side of the UV continuum constrains fits of a thin accretion disk model to a large black hole mass and high accretion rate, but a small disk size. The shape of the UV continuum was found to be variable, with a hardening of the spectrum when the source was brighter. Because of its location, only 3 deg from the ecliptic pole, H1821 + 643 will be an important object for simultaneous UV and soft X-ray monitoring to test for a common origin of the UV bump and soft X-ray excess.