cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fast Automatic Phase and Amplitude Control of High-Power RF Systems

Recent progress in the design and testing of the fast feedback rf control system being developed for the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF) proton linac is reviewed. Closed-loop rf phase control with correction bandwidths greater than 200 kHz is demonstrated using a coaxitron power amplifier driving a full-scale accelerator structure. Proposed experimental studies to determine control characteristics, synthesize closedloop amplitude control systems, and study phase-amplitude interactions in 1.25-MW, 6% s duty factor klystron, triode, and crossed-field amplifier systems are outlined. Ectremely phase-stable frequency sources have been developed to supply reference signals at 201.25 MHz and 805 MHz. The design and testing techniques used to verify phase stability and mutual coherence of the harmonically related outputs are sumnarized.
Starch granule size distribution of hard red winter and hard red spring wheat: Its effects on mixing and breadmaking quality

Abstract Starch was isolated from 98 hard red winter (HRW) wheat and 99 hard red spring (HRS) wheats. Granule size/volume distributions of the isolated starches were analyzed using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. There were significant differences in the size distribution between HRW and HRS wheats. The B-granules (
Hydraulic Test of a Bioretention Media Carbon Amendment

Rain gardens effectively remove some stressors from storm water, but in most cases they show much smaller removal rates of nitrate, likely due to the high sand and low organic matter content of rain garden media inhibiting denitrification. A bench-scale experiment was conducted to test the drainage capability of media containing shredded newspaper layers as a carbon amendment. Storm water was introduced at low and high rates to bins containing zero, one, and two layers of newspaper at varying depths. While there were differences in effluent volumes and flow rates between control and newspaper treatments, surface ponding occurred in all three treatments, suggesting that some other factor besides the newspaper had an effect on drainage properties. Grain size and clay mineralogy analyses indicated the migration of finer particles into the deeper soils, which could have inhibited drainage.
Noninvasive measurement of glucose uptake by preimplantation sheep embryos and unfertilized ova

Using a noninvasive, fluorometric assay, glucose uptake was measured in individual preimplantation sheep embryos and unfertilized ova. Glucose uptake remained low through the morula stage of development. By the late morula stage, glucose uptake began to increase and was significantly higher by the blastocyst stage (P < 0.08). This pattern was similar to that reported in mice.
A Practical Guide to Differential Diagnosis of Small B Cell Lymphomas

Correct diagnosis and classification of lymphoid neoplasms depends on the integration of morphologic, immunophenotypic and molecular genetic features. The mature small B cell lymphomas despite their overlapping histomorphologies, have different clinical behavior and treatment. In this review, differential diagnosis of this category of tumors and a practical approach based on biomarkers evaluation is discussed.
Almost sure convergence of random gossip algorithms

In this paper we provide a proof of almost sure convergence to consensus for an extremely general class of edge selection processes. The proof also applies to continuous time gossip algorithms.
Gene therapy for degenerative disc disease

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a chronic process that can become clinically manifest in multiple disorders such as idiopathic low back pain, disc herniation, radiculopathy, myelopathy, and spinal stenosis. The limited available technology for the treatment of these and other pathologic and disabling conditions arising from DDD is highly invasive (eg, surgical discectomy and fusion), manifesting a certain degree of complications and unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. Although the precise pathophysiology of DDD remains to be clearly delineated, the progressive decline in aggrecan, the primary proteoglycan of the nucleus pulposus, appears to be a final common pathway. It has been hypothesized that imbalance in the synthesis and catabolism of certain critical extracellular matrix components can be mitigated by the transfer of genes to intervertebral disc cells encoding factors that modulate synthesis and catabolism of these components. The successful in vivo transfer of therapeutic genes to target cells within the intervertebral disc in clinically relevant animal models of DDD is one example of the rapid progress that is being made towards the development of gene therapy approaches for the treatment of DDD. This chapter reviews the ability of gene therapy to alter biologic processes in the degenerated intervertebral disc and outlines the work needed to be done before human clinical trials can be contemplated.
Quantile Equivalence to Evaluate Compliance With Habitat Management Objectives

Abstract Equivalence estimated with linear quantile regression was used to evaluate compliance with habitat management objectives at Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge based on monitoring data collected in upland (5,781 ha; n = 511 transects) and riparian and meadow (2,856 ha, n = 389 transects) habitats from 2005 to 2008. Quantiles were used because the management objectives specified proportions of the habitat area that needed to comply with vegetation criteria. The linear model was used to obtain estimates that were averaged across 4 y. The equivalence testing framework allowed us to interpret confidence intervals for estimated proportions with respect to intervals of vegetative criteria (equivalence regions) in either a liberal, benefit-of-doubt or conservative, fail-safe approach associated with minimizing alternative risks. Simple Boolean conditional arguments were used to combine the quantile equivalence results for individual vegetation components into a joint statement for the multivariable man...
Effect of homogenization of cream on composition, yield, and functionality of Cheddar cheese made from milk supplemented with ultrafiltered milk

Cheddar cheeses were made from milks supplemented with ultrafiltered skim milk to 4.57 and 5.93% protein and from milks without supplementation to serve as controls (3.18% protein). Milks were standardized (casein-to-fat ratio of 0.7) with unhomogenized cream or homogenized (6.9/3.45 MPa) cream. The six treatments were replicated five times. Rennet clotting time decreased with protein concentration and homogenization of cream increased it. k 20 , the time to reach an ampli- tude of 20 mm on formagraph after rennet clotting time, decreased with homogenization and concen- tration. a 40 , the amplitude on formagraph after 40 min of rennet addition, increased with protein and homogenization. Cheese moisture ranged from 37.29 to 39.37% and the proportion of fat in dry matter ranged from 52.9 to 53.7%. Cheese yield adjusted to 37% moisture and 1.5% salt and adjus- ted yield per kg protein increased significantly in treatments with both protein concentration and homogenization. Fat recovered in cheese decreased with concentration in unhomogenized treat- ments while it increased in homogenized treatments. Protein recovery increased with protein concen- tration. A sensory panel did not detect any significant difference in flavor, flavor intensity, and body and texture with protein supplementation, but there was a significant increase in the body and texture scores in treatments with homogenization. Hardness of cheeses increased in treatments with concen- tration. Meltability of cheese increased with age in homogenized treatments. Free oil and free oil on fat basis decreased in treatments with homogenization and concentration. These two parameters also decreased with cheese age with a larger decrease for the homogenized treatments.
Moats and Drawbridges: An Isolation Primitive for Reconfigurable Hardware Based Systems

Blurring the line between software and hardware, reconfigurable devices strike a balance between the raw high speed of custom silicon and the post-fabrication flexibility of general-purpose processors. While this flexibility is a boon for embedded system developers, who can now rapidly prototype and deploy solutions with performance approaching custom designs, this results in a system development methodology where functionality is stitched together from a variety of "soft IP cores," often provided by multiple vendors with different levels of trust. Unlike traditional software where resources are managed by an operating system, soft IP cores necessarily have very fine grain control over the underlying hardware. To address this problem, the embedded systems community requires novel security primitives which address the realities of modern reconfigurable hardware. We propose an isolation primitive, moats and drawbridges, that are built around four design properties: logical isolation, interconnect traceability, secure reconfigurable broadcast, and configuration scrubbing. Each of these is a fundamental operation with easily understood formal properties, yet maps cleanly and efficiently to a wide variety of reconfigurable devices. We carefully quantify the required overheads on real FPGAs and demonstrate the utility of our methods by applying them to the practical problem of memory protection.
Tribal Instinct and Religious Persecution: Why Do Western European States Behave So Badly?

L'A. souligne la valeur du travail de Richardson et Introvigne concernant les relations entre Etat et nouveaux mouvements religieux en Europe. Ces auteurs ont constate une discrimination envers ces mouvements mais n'ont pas cherche a l'expliquer veritablement. Deux facteurs expliquent cette attitude : les pratiques Eglise-Etat et la secularisation.
Introducing Creativity in a Design Laboratory for a Freshman Level Electrical and Computer Engineering Course.

In the electrical and computer engineering (ECE) curriculum at The University of Alabama, freshmen are introduced to fundamental electrical concepts and units, DC circuit analysis techniques, operational amplifiers, circuit simulation, design, and professional ethics. The two credit course has both lecture and laboratory components that address these topics. The laboratory has been used, in this project, to provide students an experience in design. In one of the laboratory assignments, students work in teams to design and build products giving attention to both function and aesthetics. Creativity is an important attribute for engineers practicing their profession in a global society. The creative process was exercised in the design lab by progressively engaging students through various stages including: brainstorming, formation of a construction plan, producing schematic representations, and implementing their design. In a two- year period, four laboratory exercises were developed to provide design experiences in our introductory ECE course. Assessment results show that the majority of students enjoy several aspects of the laboratory on design and creativity. At the same time, they consider this lab to be one of the most difficult ones due to its open-ended nature. Students who experienced the creative lab were somewhat more likely to state they would continue in their major. Overall, the project team concluded that the creative lab was valuable and did raise awareness of the creative process.
Holistic design and caching in mobile computing

We utilize application trends analysis, focused on webpage content, in order to examine the design of mobile computers more holistically. We find that both Internet bandwidth and processing local to the computing device is being wasted by re-transmission of formatting data. By taking this broader view, and separating Macromedia Flash content into raw data and its packaging, we show that performance can be increased by 84%, power consumption can be decreased by 71%, and communications bandwidth can be saved by an order of magnitude.
Time based metering as a component of performance-based air traffic management

Increases in air traffic volume and complexity will create substantial challenges for our nation's air traffic management (ATM) system over the coming decades. The next generation air transportation system (NextGen) is a response to those challenges, a quantum leap forward that integrates human operators, automation, and aircraft within a net-centric and collaborative environment based on precise performance-based operations and common information sharing. Performance-based ATM is a mid-term step toward NextGen that has been demonstrated in a simulation environment and shows great promise as a scalable solution that is necessary, desirable, and achievable. Performance-based ATM is a set of capabilities, validation activities, and an operational concept that is firmly aligned with the NextGen concept and represents an affordable and realistic path to its mid-term implementation. Performance-based ATM integrates advanced flight deck communications, navigation, and surveillance (CNS) capabilities with improved ground automation, procedures, and flow strategies to improve predictability and overall ATM system performance. In such an environment, time based metering is an essential element in precisely regulating traffic flows across all domains. To date, the application of time based metering in arrival airspace has been accomplished using the traffic management advisor (TMA). Time based metering is an efficient alternative to the current practice of using miles-in-trail metering and becomes particularly beneficial when strategic resolutions can be applied to problems of contention at constrained resources. The performance-based ATM concept for time based metering in part drives the need for more accurate trajectories to be used for scheduling meter times and for strategic detection of metering problems. This paper presents the time based metering concept and focuses on the en route capabilities is needed to support that concept and identifies significant issues and areas where further research is needed.
Gpc6, a novel member of the glypican gene family, encodes a product structurally related to GPC4 and is colocalized with GPC5 on human chromosome 13

Glypicans are a family of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans that appear to play an important role in cellular growth control and differentiation, as is supported by the observation that mutations in GPC3 are responsible for Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) in humans. Recently it has been shown that the GPC4 gene is tightly clustered with GPC3 on the X chromosome and that some patients with SGBS apparently have deletions affecting both genes. We report here the identification of a human cDNA encoding a novel glypican family member, glypican-6. This cDNA encodes a predicted protein of 554 amino acids and is structurally analogous to other members of the glypican gene family, but most highly related to glypican-4. A single GPC6 mRNA of 6.2 kb is detected most abundantly in the ovary, liver, and kidney, with lower levels of mRNA expression also detected in a wide range of other adult tissues. Radiation hybrid analysis mapped the GPC6 gene to human chromosome 13 very near the GPC5 gene, a member of the glypican family bearing strong similarity to GPC3.
Bicuspid aortic valve and ascending aortic aneurysm are not associated with germline or somatic homeobox NKX2-5 gene polymorphism in 19 patients.

Background Bicuspid aortic valve is the most common congenital anomaly, occurring in 1% to 2% of the population. It is the most common reason for aortic valve replacement, and such individuals are at significantly increased risk of aortic complications. Despite the clinical significance of bicuspid aortic valve, its genetic basis remains unclear. The homeobox gene NKX2-5 occupies a central position in the hierarchy of cardiac determinants, and mutations in this gene are associated with bicuspid aortic valve in mice. We therefore investigated the presence of mutations in NKX2-5 among patients with bicuspid aortic valve and associated aneurysm. Methods Germline DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and somatic DNA from diseased aortic tissues of 19 patients with bicuspid aortic valve and associated aortic aneurysm. Three patients with trileaflet aortic valve and aneurysm served as control subjects. The entire NKX2-5 coding sequence, including intron-exon boundaries, was screened for mutation by means of polymerase chain reaction, followed by DNA sequencing. Results Direct sequencing revealed a change in somatic (aortic) DNA 239A→G, leading to synonymous amino acid alteration of Glu21Glu in one patient with bicuspid aortic valve and 1 control subject. There were no other alterations detected in the coding regions of germline or somatic genes. A known polymorphic change in the 3′ untranslated region adjacent to exon 2 was detected in both bicuspid aortic valve and control samples. Discrepancies between germline and somatic DNA sequences were observed. Conclusion Our study fails to demonstrate an association between bicuspid aortic valve and NKX2-5 mutation, as has been seen in mice. Our findings support the importance of sequencing somatic, as well as germline, DNA.
IT Outsourcing: Assessing the Antecedents and Impacts of Knowledge Integration

In this paper, we empirically examine the factors that drive outsourced information systems development (ISD) project success in the post-contractual stage - that is, after the decision to outsource has been made. Specifically, we examine the impact of client expertise, vendor expertise, and project modularity on the client's and vendor's knowledge integration capabilities during the outsourcing relationship. In addition, we examine the differential impact of each firm's integrative capabilities on the success of outsourced ISD projects. We empirically examine these issues using project-level survey data from 114 U.S. firms engaging in ISD outsourcing projects.
Who Am I Without You? The Influence of Romantic Breakup on the Self-Concept:

Romantic relationships alter the selves of the individuals within them. Partners develop shared friends and activities and even overlapping self-concepts. This intertwining of selves may leave individuals’ self-concepts vulnerable to change if the relationship ends. The current research examines several different types of self-concept change that could occur after a breakup and their relation to emotional distress. Across three studies, using varied methodologies, the authors examined change in both the content (Study 1a and 1b) and the structure of the self-concept, specifically, reduced self-concept clarity (Studies 1 through 3). As predicted, individuals experienced self-concept content change and reduced self-concept clarity post-breakup. Additionally, reduced clarity uniquely predicted post-breakup emotional distress.
Characterization of the Streptococcal C5a Peptidase Using a C5a-Green Fluorescent Protein Fusion Protein Substrate

A glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-C5a-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein was designed for use as a substrate for the streptococcal C5a peptidase (SCPA). The substrate was immobilized on a glutathione-Sepharose affinity matrix and used to measure wild-type SCPA activity in the range of 0.8 to 800 nM. The results of the assay demonstrated that SCPA is highly heat stable and has optimal activity on the synthetic substrate at or above pH 8.0. SCPA activity was unaffected by 0.1 to 10 mM Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and Mn(2+) but was inhibited by the same concentrations of Zn(2+). The assay shows high sensitivity to ionic strength; NaCl inhibits SCPA cleavage of GST-C5a-GFP in a dose-dependent manner. Based on previously published computer homology modeling, four substitutions were introduced into the putative active site of SCPA: Asp(130)-Ala, His(193)-Ala, Asn(295)-Ala, and Ser(512)-Ala. All four mutant proteins had over 1,000-fold less proteolytic activity on C5a in vitro, as determined both by the GFP assay described here and by a polymorphonuclear cell adherence assay. In addition, recombinant SCPA1 and SCPA49, from two distinct lineages of Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci), and recombinant SCPB, from Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci), were compared in the GFP assay. The three enzymes had similar activities, all cleaving approximately 6 mol of C5a mmol of SCP(-1) liter(-1) min(-1).
Models for polyurethane hydrolysis under moderately acidic conditions: A comparative study of hydrolysis rates of urethanes, ureas, and amides

The hydrolysis of model structures found in the hard blocks of polyurethanes has been studied under moderately acidic and neutral conditions. These include a series of N-alkyl and N-phenyl urethanes and ureas; for comparison purposes the corresponding amides and a carbonate ester based on bisphenol A were also studied. Of all functional groups the urethane was the most resistant to hydrolysis and the amide the most labile. Also, the N-phenyl compounds were hydrolyzed faster than the corresponding alkyl derivatives. The carbonate ester underwent relatively rapid hydrolysis. Polyether containing polyurethanes, known to be relatively stable to hydrolysis, are discussed as to which polymer segments provide the weakest links under hydrolytic conditions.
Computational intelligence meets the NetFlix prize

The NetFlix Prize is a research contest that will award $1 Million to the first group to improve NetFlixpsilas movie recommendation system by 10%. Contestants are given a dataset containing the movie rating histories of customers for movies. From this data, a processing scheme must be developed that can predict how a customer will rate a given movie on a scale of 1 to 5. An architecture is presented that utilizes the fuzzy-adaptive resonance theory clustering method to create an interesting set of data attributes that are input to a neural network for mapping to a classification.
Endotoxin influence on lipolysis in isolated human and primate adipocytes

Abstract The influence of E. coli endotoxin on basal and norepinephrine-stimulated lipolysis as well as on cyclic AMP accumulation was studied in human and rhesus monkey adipocytes. The effect of indomethacin on lipolysis was also investigated. Human and rhesus adipocytes exhibited qualitatively similar responses to norepinephrine (0.59–11.8 μ M ). There was a positive correlation between cell volume and basal lipolysis in human, but not in rhesus, cells. A positive correlation was also noted between cell volume and the response to endotoxin and to norepinephrine in human cells. The increment in response to norepinephrine after endotoxin treatment, however, was negatively correlated to basal lipolysis. Endotoxin (0.32 μg/0.5 ml of cell suspension) increased basal free fatty acid release and significantly enhanced norepinephrine-stimulated glycerol release from rhesus adipocytes. In human fat cells, basal release of glycerol was stimulated by endotoxin at all concentrations used, whereas basal FFA release was increased at endotoxin concentrations of 0.032 and 0.320 μg/0.5 ml of cell suspension. Endotoxin significantly depressed norepinephrine-stimulated release of FFA at all endotoxin concentrations without significantly influencing concurrent glycerol release. Treatment of rhesus fat cells with endotoxin and endotoxin plus indomethacin resulted in significant increases in cAMP content. In human fat cells, endotoxin alone did not influence cAMP concentration; however, exposure to norepinephrine or to endotoxin plus indomethacin resulted in significantly increased levels of cAMP.
Contested Industry Dynamics

Research on legitimacy in studies of organizations, institutions, and industries is marked by a proliferation of terms and categories and often confounds issues of evaluation, contestation, and legality, particularly in addressing industries and legitimacy. We connect an institutional conception of societal logics with standard conceptions of industry belief systems to present a framework and research strategy for examining the multilevel enactment of belief systems and discursive struggles central to the legitimacy dynamics of industries. We illustrate this framework with evidence from the U.S. tobacco and gambling industries to identify and interpret recurring legitimacy struggles. As such, we offer an example of how to better understand legitimacy issues by expanding the levels through which we examine processes of debate and evaluation.
Stratospheric Vacillation Cycles

Abstract A quasi-geostrophic β-plane channel model is used to study wave-mean flow interaction in the stratosphere. The zonal mean circulation in the model is driven by differential radiative heating (parameterized in terms of a “Newtonian cooling”) and by horizontal eddy heat fluxes due to vertically propagating planetary waves excited by steady forcing at the lower boundary. We find that for sufficiently low-amplitude wave forcing the response is a steady stratospheric circulation very close to radiative equilibrium conditions. However, when the wave forcing is raised beyond a critical amplitude (typically of order 150 m) the response is no longer steady; rather, the mean zonal flow and eddy components oscillate quasi-periodically. We conclude that oscillations in stratospheric long waves do not necessarily reflect oscillating tropospheric forcing but may occur even in the presence of steady forcing.
An Algorithm for Automatically Tuning the Weights of Performance Indices for Monitoring Power System Loading or Security

This paper presents an algorithm for automatically updating the coefficients of performance indices (PI) used to monitor power system's security, loading or network adequacy, as the system operating conditions change. The objective of the algorithm is to maximize the effectiveness of the PI in terms of predicting operating limit violations. This is accomplished by tuning the PI coefficients so that the PI measures the robustness of the operating point to system changes in terms of how far the point is from the operating limits. The approach taken is to formulate the coefficient optimization problem as a constrained volume maximization problem, in which the PI coefficients are used to maximize the volume of an approximate convex set (defined by the PI) inside the set of all feasible operating points. By exploiting the salient properties of the volume maximization problem, an efficient sequential gradient minimization algorithm has been developed to tune the PI coefficients. This algorithm was implemented to tune the coefficients of the PI used to rank contingencies of the EPRI 39-bus system in accordance to the severity of voltage problems.
Protein degradation of smooth bromegrass, switchgrass, and big bluestem in grazing cattle1

The objective of this 2-yr study was to estimate the influence of plant maturity on protein escaping ruminal degradation in steers grazing a cool-season grass, smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.; SB), and 2 warm-season grasses, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.; SG) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman; BB). Three ruminally fistulated steers strip grazed monocultures of SB, SG, and BB at 3 stages of plant development (vegetative, stem elongation, and reproductive). Omasal samples were collected after total rumen evacuation to evaluate escape protein. Diet samples were also collected after rumen evacuation and a 45-min grazing period. Purine-N was used to quantify microbial contributions to total omasal-N. Total diet CP was greater (P < 0.01) for SB than for SG and BB. Total diet CP was least (P < 0.01) at the reproductive stage for each grass. Escape protein, calculated as a percentage of DM (EPDM), was similar in SB, SG, and BB, with an average of 5.0% across maturities. The EPDM average of SG and BB decreased (P < 0.05) from vegetative to reproductive stages, whereas EPDM of SB remained constant, even slightly increasing at the reproductive stage. Escape protein as a percentage of CP (EPCP) in SG and BB was greater (P < 0.05) than that in SB (43.2 vs. 24.1%). Maturity had little influence on EPCP. Microbial contributions to escape protein averaged 36.4% with this technique, with variation due to species and maturity.
The Second Generation: Ednah Dow Cheney Carries Margaret Fuller's Feminist Transcendentalism into the Early Progressive Era

In the nineteenth century, the Transcendentalist and women’s movements combined to alter the discussion on the politics of womanhood, developing creative space for progressive individuals to actively make change in the expansion of human rights. Ednah Dow Cheney, a young widow and single mother in the mid­1850s, merged the spirit of Transcendentalism that she inherited from her family and friends and her burgeoning passion for social activism to become a dedicated public servant. An early attendee of the Conversations of Margaret Fuller, author of Woman in the Nineteenth Century and a pioneer in the field of feminist Transcendentalism, Cheney borrowed Fuller’s radical ideas and translated them into real action. Throughout the second half of the 1850s and into the early twentieth century, Cheney founded the New England School of Design and the New England Women’s Club and managed the New England Hospital for Women and Children, the Boston Education Commission of the Freedmen’s Aid Society, and lectured for the New England Suffrage Association and the Concord School of Philosophy. More significantly, she continued through the century to become a feminist intellectual in Fuller’s vein.
Needed Research on the Effectiveness of Farm Products Promotions

FARMERS are becoming interested in the possibilities of promotion and advertising. Of course, this interest is not entirely new. For several decades, farm products have been advertised and promoted not only by processors and distributors, but also by farmer-cooperatives, trade associations, and occasionally by state governments. Farm groups have had some interest in programs of this kind. But their main interest has been in the efficiency of production and to a considerable extent in the efficiency of marketing. Until recently the typical farmer did not concern himself a great deal about the "demand creation." This situation is rapidly changing. The enormous surpluses of farm products in recent years, together with the desire to avoid effective production controls, have dramatized the need for expanding markets for farm products. To some extent this can be done by subsidies such as those now being used to expand exports and to divert surplus farm products into lower-order uses. But the American farmer needs, and knows he needs, to find bigger, commerical, nonsubsidized markets for his products. This is probably the main reason for the current interest in so-called "self-help" programs, such as those proposed by the dairy and turkey industries. One feature of these proposals is a sort of check-off system through which (if a majority of the industry approved) each farmer would be compelled to contribute to a fund to be used for research, advertising, and promotion. A promotional program for wool and lamb is already under way, financed by funds withheld from the payments made to sheep producers under the Wool Act. What kind of research in promotion does the farmer most want and need? I believe his main interest at present is in economic research, rather than in psychological research. Specifically the farmer wants solid statistical facts about the costs of various kinds of promotion, and about their dollars-and-cents effects upon farm income. Psychologists have been doing a lot of exciting work in motivation research and depth interviewing.' Doubtless this kind of research is glamorous, and profitable to advertisers. It could greatly change consumer demands and methods of food marketing. But my own personal belief is that most of the basic trends in consumer preferences for food are desir-
Die Weiterentwicklung der Transporter-Modellreihe von Volkswagen Nutzfahrzeuge

Die funfte Generation der Transporter-Modellreihe von Volkswagen Nutzfahrzeuge erfahrt im Herbst 2009 eine Weiterentwicklung, deren Schwerpunkte in der Uberarbeitung der Antriebs palette und in der Elektrik- und Elektronikarchitektur liegen. Akzente beim Exterieur setzen das neue Front-, Scheinwerfer- und Au:sBenspiegel-Design. Das Interieur erfahrt eine deutliche Aufwertung, unter anderem durch die Verwendung neuen Komponenten aus dem Volkswagen-Konzern.
Supersensitivity to Barium in the Denervated Nictitating Membrane of the Spinal Cat.

SummaryA study of the response of the nictitating membrane of the spinal cat to barium, administered by close intraarterial injection, has demonstrated that chronic de-nervation produces supersensitivity to barium. These results accentuate the very nonspecific nature of chronic supersensitivity in this preparation.
Use of a chelating agent for accelerating excretion of radio-iron.

Summary1. Excretion of parenterally administered radio-iron is approximately 5 to 10 times as great in feces as in urine. The rate of excretion varies with the location of the tracer within the various iron pools in the body, (for example, cells, liver, reticulo-endo-thelial system, etc.). This is illustrated by high plasma levels of radio-iron, associated with high excretory rates in feces and urine. Fifty-five days after injection of tracer iron there is a second maximum in excretory rate which can be shown to correspond with a loss of radio-iron from the largest pool, the circulating erythrocytes. When “Fe-3 Specific” is administered intraperitoneally to animals which have been given iron 59, there is a prompt and marked increase in both the urinary and fecal excretory rates by a factor of 2 to 2.5. 2. The addition of “Fe-3 Specific” to the diet of rats causes an increase in the fecal and urinary excretion of intravenously administered radio-iron by approximately a factor of 2. 3. When labelled iron an...
Asymmetric cell division in fucoid algae: a role for cortical adhesions in alignment of the mitotic apparatus.

The first cell division in zygotes of the fucoid brown alga Pelvetia compressa is asymmetric and we are interested in the mechanism controlling the alignment of this division. Since the division plane bisects the mitotic apparatus, we investigated the timing and mechanism of spindle alignments. Centrosomes, which give rise to spindle poles, aligned with the growth axis in two phases – a premetaphase rotation of the nucleus and centrosomes followed by a postmetaphase alignment that coincided with the separation of the mitotic spindle poles during anaphase and telophase. The roles of the cytoskeleton and cell cortex in the two phases of alignment were analyzed by treatment with pharmacological agents. Treatments that disrupted cytoskeleton or perturbed cortical adhesions inhibited pre-metaphase alignment and we propose that this rotational alignment is effected by microtubules anchored at cortical adhesion sites. Postmetaphase alignment was not affected by any of the treatments tested, and may be dependent on asymmetric cell morphology.
Indications for surgery on renal artery aneurysms.

AbstractIndications for an operation on renal artery aneurysms include patients 1) with a rupture or an impending rupture, 2) with a possibility of pregnancy, 3) with hypertension and renin differentials suggesting remediable disease and 4) with functional or symptomatic impairment traceable to the aneurysm proper. If the aneurysm is calcified some temporization may be justified, although this observation alone should be only of secondary importance. The size of the aneurysm is likewise generally of secondary value. Of course, the patient’s whole picture and expectancy need balancing in the decision. Conservative management in other situations is acceptable, particularly for the elderly.
Violent Offending and Suicidal Behavior Have Common Familial Risk Factors: A Rejoinder to Tolstoy

Tolstoy’s novel Anna Karenina begins, “All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.”1(p3) Mok et al,2 in this issue of JAMA Psychiatry, provide evidence to the contrary: in fact, many unhappy families share common risk factors. These authors report on a Danish record linkage study to elucidate the relationships between parental disorders and offspring suicide attempt and violent offending.2 The study encompassed 1 743 525 individuals born in Denmark between 1967 and 1997, followed up from their 15th birthday to the occurrence of adverse outcomes (suicide attempt or violent offending) or through 2012, whichever came first. Survival analyses were used to link parental mental disorders to the outcomes of suicide attempt and violent offending in offspring. Even controlling for the occurrence of other mental disorders and socioeconomic status (SES), parental history of cannabis misuse was related to offspring violent offending, and parental history of suicide attempt and antisocial personality disorder were associated with both offspring violent offending and offspring suicide attempt. Parental disorder conveyed a greater risk for both adverse outcomes in those of lower SES, and a greater risk of violent offending in females than in males. There is much to commend in this study, including the assessment and control for a broad range of parental psychiatric disorders, as well as the sheer size and representativeness of this sample. As in every study, there are limitations, some of which are noted by the authors. Although the authors controlled for SES, the impact of parental psychiatric disorder on suicide attempt and violent offending may still be overestimated, as there are likely to be other shared environmental factors correlated with parental disorder that could contribute to suicidal behavior and violent offending, such as maltreatment, separation from parents, and intrauterine drug and alcohol exposure... Language: en
Diagnostic dilemma: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infectious mononucleosis with lung involvement or co-infection with Legionnaire's disease?

Abstract Background Hospitalized adults with fever and “pneumonia” can be a difficult diagnostic challenge particularly when the clinical findings may be due to different infectious diseases. Methods We recently had an elderly female who presented with fever, fatigue and dry cough with elevated serum transaminases and lung infiltrates. The diagnosis of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infectious mononucleosis (IM) was made based on a positive Monospot test, elevated EBV VCA IgM titer, and highly elevated EBV viral load. Her chest infiltrates were not accompanied by hilar adenopathy which may occur with EBV IM. Her dry cough persisted and she developed abdominal pain. Results Legionnaire's disease was considered because she had extra-pulmonary findings characteristic of Legionnaire's disease, e.g., relative bradycardia, abdominal pain, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia, elevated ferritin levels, microscopic hematuria. Legionella titers were negative, but Legionella (serogroup 1) urinary antigen was positive. Conclusions We present a diagnostic dilemma in an elderly female with both Legionnaire's disease and Epstein–Barr virus infectious mononucleosis with pulmonary involvement.
Parents' willingness to get human papillomavirus vaccination for their adolescent children at a pharmacy.

Abstract Pharmacies are promising alternative settings for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination because of their accessibility and existing infrastructure for vaccine delivery. We sought to examine parents' willingness to get HPV vaccination for their children at pharmacies. In 2014, we conducted a national, online survey of 1255 parents of 11- to 17-year-old adolescents in the United States. We used multivariable logistic regression to model parents' willingness for getting HPV vaccinations in pharmacies. Overall, 29% of parents would be willing to get HPV vaccine for their children at a pharmacy. Parental willingness was associated with believing that pharmacists are skilled at administering vaccines (OR = 2.05, 95% CI:1.68–2.51), HPV vaccine was at least as important as other adolescent vaccines (OR = 1.48, 95% CI:1.10–1.98), and getting vaccines in pharmacies would give children more opportunities to get health care (OR = 2.17, 95% CI:1.63–2.89). Parental willingness was also more common among parents of adolescents ages 13–17 or who had already initiated the HPV vaccine series. Parents most often indicated that they would like to learn about HPV vaccination in pharmacies from their children's doctor (37%). Offering HPV vaccine in pharmacies may increase uptake as a meaningful number of parents would get the vaccine for their children in these settings. Physician referrals for completing the HPV vaccine series may serve as an important source for increasing awareness of and demand for adolescent vaccination services in pharmacies.
Do hostile attributions and negative affect explain the association between authoritarian beliefs and harsh parenting

Abstract The present study examined the associations between authoritarian parenting beliefs, attributions of hostile intent, negative affect, and harsh parenting practices. General population parents ( N = 183; 31.1% fathers) completed self-report measures of authoritarian parenting beliefs and read vignettes describing children engaging in transgressions. Following each vignette, parents indicated the extent to which they would attribute hostile intent to the child, feel negative affect, and respond with harsh parenting practices (e.g., yelling, hitting). As hypothesized, parents who subscribed to higher levels of authoritarian beliefs attributed more hostile intent to the child and expected to feel more negative affect in response to the transgressions. In turn, higher levels of hostile attributions and negative affect were associated with increased likelihood of harsh parenting practices. Results from a path analysis revealed that the association between authoritarian parenting beliefs and harsh parenting practices was fully explained by attributions of hostile intent and negative affect.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection liberates transmissible, cytotoxic prion amyloids

Patients who recover from pneumonia subsequently have elevated rates of death after hospital discharge as a result of secondary organ damage, the causes of which are unknown. We used the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia, as a model for investigating this phenomenon. We show that infection of pulmonary endothelial cells by P. aeruginosa induces production and release of a cytotoxic amyloid molecule with prion characteristics, including resistance to various nucleases and proteases. This cytotoxin was self-propagating, was neutralized by anti-amyloid Abs, and induced death of endothelial cells and neurons. Moreover, the cytotoxin induced edema in isolated lungs. Endothelial cells and isolated lungs were protected from cytotoxin-induced death by stimulation of signal transduction pathways that are linked to prion protein. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected from human patients with P. aeruginosa pneumonia demonstrated cytotoxic activity, and lavage fluid contained amyloid molecules, including oligomeric τ and Aβ. Demonstration of long-lived cytotoxic agents after Pseudomonas infection may establish a molecular link to the high rates of death as a result of end-organ damage in the months after recovery from pneumonia, and modulation of signal transduction pathways that have been linked to prion protein may provide a mechanism for intervention.-Balczon, R., Morrow, K. A., Zhou, C., Edmonds, B., Alexeyev, M., Pittet, J.-F., Wagener, B. M., Moser, S. A., Leavesley, S., Zha, X., Frank, D. W., Stevens, T. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection liberates transmissible, cytotoxic prion amyloids.
Single High-Dose Vitamin A Supplementation to Neonatal Piglets Results in a Transient Dose Response in Extrahepatic Organs and Sustained Increases in Liver Stores

Background: Neonatal vitamin A (VA) supplementation is being evaluated as a public health policy for preventing infant mortality, but inconsistencies in mortality trials demand mechanistic work to determine biological plausibility.Objectives: We investigated the absorption, distribution, and storage of single large oral VA doses administered shortly after birth.Methods: Fifty pregnant sows (Sus scrofas domesticas) were fed a VA-free diet. Male and female newborn piglets (n = 313) were orally administered 0, 25,000, 50,000, or 200,000 IU VA in oil within 12 h of birth when mean ± SD weight was 1.56 ± 0.25 kg. Blood was drawn to determine absorption and storage 0.5-240 h after administration. Metabolic and postnatal dose-timing substudies were performed. Liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and adrenal VA concentrations were determined 7-240 h after administration.Results: Serum retinol and retinyl ester concentrations responded to treatment (P 0.1 μmol/g. Extrahepatic tissue VA concentrations displayed treatment effects (P ≤ 0.0077); groups that received treatments had higher VA concentrations than controls at early time points. Lung, kidney, and spleen VA did not differ between groups by 96 h, whereas adrenal glands did not differ by 240 h. Body weight was affected by treatment (P = 0.0002); VA-deficient piglets weighed 23-29% more than all treated groups 240 h after administration.Conclusions: A high dose of VA administered to newborn piglets was well absorbed, appeared in serum primarily as retinyl esters, and was taken up dose-dependently in all tissues studied; however, enhancement did not persist in sera, lungs, kidneys, spleens, or adrenal glands. Short-term impacts of retinoid signaling on weight gain remain to be elucidated, and longer follow-up studies are needed.
Accelerating Java Streams With A Data AnalyticsHardware Accelerator

In this paper, we demonstrate how new technology from Oracle can be utilized to provide big data analytics acceleration in a streamlined fashion. Specifically, our approach leverages the acceleration capabilities of the Data Analytics Accelerator (DAX) unit provided by Oracle's T7/M7/S7 SPARC processors and the Java Stream API to seamlessly accelerate Java applications by up to 20X, while using drastically fewer resources.
Sterile Pyometra in Two Dogs

Two young dogs were referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University, one for examination of vaginal discharge and the other after being hit by a car. Dog 1 exhibited a high neutrophil count on Gram-stained vaginal smears, marked leukocytosis on a complete blood count, and uterine enlargement on ultrasonography. In dog 2, a markedly enlarged right uterine horn containing echogenic debris was found incidentally on ultrasonography. A tentative diagnosis of pyometra was made in both cases and ovariohysterectomy was performed. Purulent material was collected from each uterine horn and submitted separately for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture; all culture results were negative. The white blood cell count revealed normal limits 2 days post operation in dog 1 and 4 days post operation in dog 2. Positive bacterial cultures are usually obtained from dogs with pyometra, and antibiotic selection is based on the results of culture and sensitivity testing in the event of failure of empiric antibiotic therapy. However, in the cases reported here, no bacterial growth was identified from the uterine samples despite the presence of purulent material. A short course of empiric antibiotic therapy was administered. This is the first known report describing sterile pyometra in dogs.