cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Promoter used by sigma-29 RNA polymerase from Bacillus subtilis

Abstract Gene expression during endospore formation by Bacillus subtilis is controlled in part by a sporulation-induced form of RNA polymerase, Eσ 29 . The determination of the nucleotide sequences that govern utilization of promoters by Eσ 29 has been limited by the small number of available promoters that are recognized by Eσ 29 . In the present report we describe a promoter that is adjacent to the rrnB region of the B. subtilis chromosome and is utilized in vitro and in vivo by Eσ 29 . S l nuclease mapping and dinucleotide priming experiments have been used to determine the start point of transcription. The nucleotide sequences near the −10 and −35 region of this promoter, bvx , are conserved, and resemble sequences at these regions for other promoters that are utilized by Eσ 29 .
Function and regulation of class II transactivator in the immune system

The class II transactivator (CIITA) is a potent and critical transcriptional regulator. It activates genes necessary for antigen presentation function. It also regulates cytokine gene expression in CD4 T cells. We recently found that CIITA prevents cell death by inhibiting Fas ligand (FasL) gene expression. Thus, CIITA regulates multiple immune responses. The activation and the repression function of CIITA are mediated by its interaction with other transcription factors. To activate the target gene, CIITA interacts with DNA binding proteins and recruits the coactivator CBP/p300 to the promoter forming an enhanceosome necessary for transcription. In addition, CIITA interacts with self. Inter- and intramolecular interactions of CIITA are essential for transactivation function. Each domain of CIITA has a distinct role and all domains are required for CIITA activity. However, the regulatory mechanisms of CIITA interaction with self and other proteins are poorly understood and remain to be investigated.
Polynuclear metal complexes as model mixed oxide catalysts: Isomerization activity

Abstract Supported polynuclear complexes of Cu(II) and M(III) were characterized for isomerization activity using cyclopropane (CP) and methylcyclopropane (MCP) as probe reactions. The objective of this study was to investigate the ligand effect on catalyst reactivity and selectivity when changing the complex central metal ion [cmi, M(III)] from Al to Cr to Fe. For the disappearance of CP, the iron complex showed 25 times the activity of the aluminum complex, whereas the chromium complex was 20 times as active as the aluminum complex. The relative reactivities of the complex toward the MCP reaction were Al/Cr/Fe = 1/19/22. The isomers 1-butene/ trans -2-butene/ cis -2-butene were produced in the proportions 0.28/0.43/0.29, independent of overall conversion. Selectivity of the MCP reaction was not a function of the cmi. The activity data are convincing evidence of a ligand effect for the central metal ion upon its neighbors in these well-characterized complexes. In addition, the activities of these complexes are compared with those of silica and silica-alumina.
Is there an evoked vascular response

Event-related potentials of the brain are enhanced when stimulation is synchronized with diastolic phases of cerebral or cephalic pulse pressure waves. A cerebral vascular event has been found to be temporally consistent with the event-related potential. Averaged evoked vascular responses were measured with bioimpedance techniques from the brain and the arm. Changes in brain blood volume occurred 150 to 250 milliseconds after stimulation synchronized with diastolic but not systolic phases of the cerebral pulse pressure wave. The time course of this phenomenon defies the usually accepted characteristics of metabolic activity. The evoked vascular response may be a neurally mediated event in anticipation of altered metabolic demand, and it offers the possibility of measurement in real time.
Palladium Catalyzed Kinetic and Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations of γ-Acyloxybutenolides. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Aflatoxin B1 and B2a

The reaction of γ-tert-butoxycarbonyloxy-2-butenolide with phenol nucleophiles in the presence of a Pd(0) complex with chiral ligands may be performed under conditions that favor either a kinetic resolution or a kinetic asymmetric transformation (KAT) or dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DYKAT). Performing the reaction at high concentration (0.5 M) in the presence of a carbonate base favors the former, i.e., KAT; whereas, running the reaction at 0.1M in the presence of tetra-n-butylammonium chloride favors the DYKAT process. Syntheses of aflatoxin B1 and B2a employs the DYKAT to introduce the stereochemistry. Starting with Pechmann condensation of the monomethyl ether of phloroglucinol, the requisite phenol nucleophile is constructed in two steps. The DYKAT proceeds with > 95% ee. A reductive Heck cyclization followed by a lanthanide catalyzed intramolecular acylation completes the synthesis of the pentacyclic nucleus in 3 steps. Reduction of the lactone provides aflatoxin B2a and its dehydration...
Biphasic effects of alcohol as a function of circadian phase.

Study objectives To assess how alcohol affects multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) and subjective measures of stimulation/sedation when alcohol is given at different circadian phases. Participants Twenty-seven healthy young adults (age 21-26 yr) were studied. Design Double-blind placebo and alcohol (vodka tonic targeting 0.05 g% concentration) beverages were each administered three times during the 20-h forced desynchrony protocol. Sleep latency tests and Biphasic Effects of Alcohol Scale (BAES) were administered on each forced desynchrony day. The outcome variables for this study include sleep onset latency (SOL) and stimulation and sedation value (from the BAES). Each outcome variable was associated with the ascending or descending limb of the breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) curve and assigned a circadian phase within a 90° bin. Measurements and results BrAC confirmed targeted maximal levels. Only outcome variables associated with the ascending and descending limb of the alcohol curve were analyzed for this article. Alcohol administered at a circadian time associated with greatest sleepiness showed longer SOL compared with placebo when measured on the ascending limb of the BrAC curve. We also found longer SOL with alcohol on the ascending limb of the BrAC curve in a circadian bin that favors greatest alertness. We observed shorter SOLs on the descending limb of the BrAC curve, but with no circadian phase interaction. The subjective data were partially consistent with the objective data. Conclusions The physiologic findings in this study support the biphasic stimulating and sedating properties of alcohol, but limit the effect to specific circadian times.
Psychological aspects of monitoring high risk women for breast cancer.

Background. There is a paucity of knowledge pertaining to the attitudes, feelings, and emotions of women who are at increased familial risk for breast cancer and how these concerns will affect their surveillance behavior. A review of the literature shows an unevenness in the conclusions about these matters, with some reports indicating that anxiety aroused in the familial cancer setting may abet surveillance behavior, whereas other data indicates a negative effect. Methods. The authors reported anecdotal accounts of such behavior in women from hereditary breast and hereditary breast-ovarian cancer prone families
Autologous Keratinocyte Suspensions Accelerate Epidermal Wound Healing in Pigs

Abstract Background. Tissue culture techniques enable in vitro expansion of keratinocytes that can be used to treat burns and chronic wounds. These keratinocytes are commonly grafted onto the wounds as differentiated sheets of mature epithelium. Less is however known about the effects of transplanting the cells as suspensions. This study evaluated epidermal regeneration in fluid-treated skin wounds treated with suspensions of cultured and noncultured autologous keratinocytes. Materials and methods. Eighty-seven full-thickness excisional skin wounds were created on the back of 6 pigs and then transplanted with either cultured or noncultured autologous keratinocytes. The wounds were enclosed with liquid-tight chambers containing saline to provide a hydrated and standardized environment. Results. Keratinocyte transplantation resulted in several cell colonies within the granulation tissue of the wound. These colonies progressively coalesced and contributed to a new epithelium. The origin of the transplanted keratinocytes was confirmed by histochemical staining of wounds transplanted with transfected keratinocytes expressing β-galactosidase. Transplantation of 0.125 × 106, 0.5 × 106, and 2.0 × 106 cultured keratinocytes, and 0.5 × 106 and 5.0 × 106 noncultured keratinocytes, increased reepithelialization dose dependently over saline-treated controls. The epithelial barrier function recovered faster in transplanted wounds as demonstrated by less protein leakage over the wound surface on Days 7–10 as compared to control wounds. Wound reepithelialization and the number of keratinocyte colonies observed in granulation tissue were significantly less in wounds transplanted with noncultured keratinocytes compared to wounds seeded with cultured keratinocytes. Conclusion. Our study demonstrates successful transplantation of keratinocyte suspensions and their dose-dependent acceleration of wound repair. Selection of proliferative cells during culture and higher colony-forming efficiency may explain the greater effects observed with cultured keratinocytes.
TEM investigation of defects in arsenic doped layers grown in-situ by MBE

A study concerning the effect of growth condition on As incorporation and formation of defects using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is presented. It is well known that devices in a narrow bandgap HgCdTe material system could suffer from tunneling currents and generation recombination processes, especially at cryogenic temperatures, due to material defects. For in-situ As doped p-on-n device structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), extended defects and in particular twinning in a p-type layer grown under Hg-rich conditions is believed to reduce the zero bias dynamic impedance of devices and significantly impact recombination of carriers in the space charge region. Using TEM we have studied defects formed in As-doped layers grown under Hg- and Te-rich conditions. Samples grown under high II/VI flux ratio at growth temperature of 170 C have a high density of columnar twin defects, whereas no twin defects were seen for layers grown under optimal growth conditions at 190 C. A very high flux of As, however, was required to incorporate As into the layers at growth temperature of 190 C.
Anderson localization and the theory of dirty superconductors.

We study the effect of Anderson localization in dirty superconductors. The scale dependence of the diffusion in the vicinity of the mobility edge results in a strong renormalization of the zero-temperature coherence length. This implies the breakdown of the Ginzburg criterion close to the metal-insulator transition and thus the importance of fluctuations in this regime. The upper critical field is calculated and possible experiments are also discussed.
Synthesis of continuous mesoporous silica thin films with three-dimensional accessible pore structures

Continuous mesoporous silica thin films with three-dimensional (3-D) accessible pore structures (Pm3n, P63/mmc space groups) have been prepared by a dip-coating technique using cationic surfactants as the structure-directing agents in nonaqueous media under acidic conditions.
Quantitative evaluation of local blood flow of the adenohypophysis in rats.

A method is described for estimating local bloodflowof the pars distalis of anesthetized rats. Flow is computed from the rate of tissue desaturation of hydrogen gas, and repetitive measurements can be made in the same animal. The effect of the portal blood supply on the desaturation curve, and consequently on the measurement of perfusion, is discussed from an analytic viewpoint. It is shown that the extent to which a preceding serial compartment influences the desaturation of a succeeding compartment is dependent on their relative sizes, and that the desaturation of the anterior lobe is not affected significantly by its serially connected compartments. The results indicate that blood flow of the pars distalis is not uniform throughout the gland and that the lack of uniformity may be a consequence of different sources of blood resulting in a flow pattern which is thought to be described by a model consisting of 2 compartments with parallel flows. A slow flow, φI, and a fast flow, φII, especially apparent i...
Enhancement of Fundus Photographs Taken Through Cataracts

Image-enhancement techniques can aid the clinician in evaluating fundus pictures taken through cataracts. The degradation of the fundus image by cataracts has been described as low-pass filtering. Means to partially overcome this degradation using homomorphic filtering and adaptive enhancement are presented. The clinical value of these enhancement techniques is demonstrated with two cases of progressive glaucoma and cataracts.
Relativistic distorted-wave calculations of electron collision cross sections and rate coefficients for Ne-like ions

Abstract Electron collision data are required for population kinetics modeling and spectral predictions of highly ionized ions in high-temperature plasmas. For highly stripped ions of moderate to high Z, relativistic effects begin to play a role in the atomic physics calculations. We describe numerical techniques which we have employed to compute relativistic distorted-wave inelastic electron collision cross sections from relativistic multiconfiguration bound states. As an application of these techniques, we have calculated full sets of cross sections and rate coefficients between all L-shell and M-shell states of the Ne-like ions Fe, Se. Y, Mo, and Ag.
Thermal Desorption Behavior and Binding Properties of DNA Bases and Nucleosides on Gold

A comparison of the binding of DNA bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine) and nucleosides (2‘deoxyadenosine, 2‘deoxycytidine, 2‘deoxyguanosine, and thymidine) to gold thin films is presented. Desorption of monolayer/submonolayer and multilayer films of the adsorbates on gold studied via temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and reflection−absorption infrared (RAIR) spectroscopy reveals that there are major differences in the binding affinities of the different bases to gold, for example, thymine ΔHdes = 111 ± 2 kJ/mol compared to guanine ΔHdes = 146 ± 2 kJ/mol. The differences can be rationalized by molecular structures of the bases and their binding modes to gold surfaces deduced from IR data. Similar trends in desorption energies, shifted to lower desorption energy by more than 10 kJ/mol, are observed for deoxynucleoside layers on gold thin films.
The participation of P- and E-selectins on biomaterial-mediated tissue responses

Biomaterial-mediated inflammatory responses often compromise the functions of implantable devices. The mechanism(s) involved in the inflammatory responses, which can be arbitrarily divided into phagocyte transmigration, chemotaxis, and adhesion to implant surfaces, are not totally understood. Because adhesion molecules have been shown to involved in phagocyte transmigration, this study was designed to investigate the participation of endothelial adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of biomaterial-mediated inflammatory responses and fibrotic tissue formation. Using transgenic adhesion molecule knockout mice, we found that (1) deficiency of P-selectin reduced polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) but not macrophages/monocytes (MΦ) transmigration and adhesion. (2) Furthermore, absence of both P- and E-selectin (P/E-deficient) dramatically diminished both PMN and MΦ recruitment to the peritoneal cavity and accumulation on implanted biomaterials. (3) Finally, the impairment of inflammatory responses in P/E-deficient mice significantly reduced the extent of subsequent biomaterial-mediated fibrotic responses. We conclude that P- and E-selectins are important for both biomaterial-mediated inflammatory and fibrotic reactions. Our results also indicate that the reduction of phagocyte accumulation might be responsible to the decrease of fibrotic tissue formation surrounding material implants. Better understanding of such sequence of events may help the rational design of biomaterials with desired tissue reactivity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 471–477, 2002
Identification of native rat cerebellar granule cell currents due to background K channel KCNK5 (TASK-2)

Abstract The T WIK-related, A cid S ensing K (TASK-2; KCNK5) potassium channel is a member of the tandem pore (2P) family of potassium channels and mediates an alkaline pH-activated, acid pH-inhibited, outward-rectified potassium conductance. In previous work, we demonstrated TASK-2 protein expression in newborn rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). In this study, we demonstrate TASK-2 functional expression in CGNs as a component of the pH-sensitive, volatile anesthetic-potentiated, standing-outward potassium conductance ( I K,SO ). Using excised, inside-out patch-clamp technique, we studied CGNs grown in primary culture. We identified four distinct, noninactivating single channel potassium conductances, Types 1–4. Types 1–3 have previously been attributed to TASK-1 (KCNK3), TASK-3 (KCNK9) and TASK-1/TASK-3 heteromers, and TREK-2 (KCNK10) 2P potassium channel function, respectively; however, the Type 4 conductance is currently unassigned. Previous studies demonstrated that Type 4 single channel activity is potentiated by extracellular, alkaline pH and cytoplasmic arachidonic acid (10–20 μM) and inhibited by cytoplasmic tetraethylammonium (TEA; 1 mM). We determined that heterologously expressed TASK-2 channels have single channel gating, conductance properties and pH sensitivity identical to the Type 4 conductance. Additionally, we found that TASK-2 single channel activity, like the Type 4 conductance is potentiated by cytoplasmic arachidonic acid (20 μM) and inhibited by cytoplasmic TEA (1 mM). We conclude that TASK-2 mediates the Type 4 single channel conductance in CGNs as a component of I K,SO .
A methodology for improving mode awareness in flight guidance design

Describes the application of an informal approach to identify and reduce potential sources of mode confusion early in the development cycle when changes can be made at reasonable cost. A checklist of potential sources of mode confusion was developed through a literature review, then applied to a representative specification of a flight guidance system documented in the RSML/sup -e/ notation. The potential sources of mode confusion identified through use of the checklist were then reviewed with pilots, engineers, and other domain experts. While most of the issues identified were determined to be benign, or even natural consequences of conforming to existing aviation conventions, several concrete recommendations were made to improve mode awareness.
AN ANALYSIS OF EXTENSION NEEDS FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMISTS

Whether we are to discuss Extension as an administered agency or as a type of work in which agricultural economists engage themselves must be clarified first. If the choice is to feature the needs from an administrative point of view, probably the real issues would be missed. Therefore, the choice must be meeting the agricultural needs for economics through Extension. There is something to say about Extension needs, however, from the administrative viewpoint, and I do plan to put an oar on that side of the question as well.
TIMING OF SURVEYS FOR PUBLIC POLICY

Summary This keynote address at the 7th Australian Statistical Conference (1984) discusses briefly seven modifications of sample design for improving the usefulness and timeliness of surveys relevant to public poky. These are: better estimates for small domains, cumulating rolling samples, more panel surveys, multipurpose designs for periodic samples, split panel designs (SPD) combining panels with nonoverlapping samples, and frequent collections cumulated for less frequent reporting periods.
Isolation and Properties of a Ribonuclease-Deficient Mutant of Salmonella typhimurium

A mutant of Salmonella typhimurium has been isolated that has less than 5% of the ribonuclease activity of the parent strain. Mutant screening and enzyme assays were done in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, a substance that activates ribonuclease I and inhibits other known microbial nucleases. Genetic mapping indicates that the mutation is located between the purE and gal genes on the Salmonella chromosome. A ribonuclease-deficient mutant that carries a deletion in the pyrF gene is unable to utilize ribonucleic acid as a pyrimidine source, whereas the pyrF parent with normal ribonuclease activity will grow. This suggests that the enzyme may perform a scavenge function in the utilization of exogenous ribonucleic acid. Loss of this enzyme seems to have no detrimental effects on the growth of Salmonella.
A new model for granular porous media: Part I. Model formulation

A new model for porous media comprised of monosized, or nearly monosized grains, is developed. In applying this model to a packed bed, the bed is assumed to consist of a series of statistically identical unit bed elements each of which in turn consists of a number of unit cells connected in parallel. Each unit cell resembles a piece of constricted tube with dimensions which are random variables. The problem of flow through each unit cell is reduced, subject to reasonable assumptions, to the determination of the flow in an infinitely long periodically constricted tube. The solution of this flow problem is given in a companion publication. This model, together with the solution of the flow through it, can be used for the modeling of processes which take place in the void space of a bed. As a preliminary test, theoretical friction factor values, based on the proposed model, were compared with experimental ones for two different beds and found to be in good agreement even in the region of high Reynolds numbers where the nonlinear inertia terms are significant.
Critical Conditions for Connected-k-Coverage in Sensor Networks

Connected-k-coverage has been recognized as an effective notion for prolonging the sensor network lifetime. It requires the monitored region to be k-covered by a connected component of active sensors, which is less demanding than requiring k-coverage and connectivity among all active sensors simultaneously. While critical conditions for k-coverage and connectivity have been studied separately before, there is a lack of fundamental understanding about connected-k-coverage. In this paper, as one of the first efforts in understanding the fundamental basics about connected-k-coverage, we analyze the critical conditions for connected-k-coverage using the percolation theorem and demonstrate their effectiveness using simulation results.
Time-Dependent Exciton Correlations in Nanoscale Quantum Dot

In nanoscale quantum dots, subpicosecond laser pulses can induce and probe strong time-dependent Coulomb correlations between confined electrons and holes. Correlation dynamics for one or two electron-hole pairs driven by both interband and intraband lasers can be simulated by numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrddinger equation within a configuration-interaction description. For example, Coulomb correlations of two electrons and two light holes in a 5×25×25 nm 3 GaAs quantum dot yield strong oscillations in the luminescence. Pure correlation effects are revealed by a carefully chosen sequence of three circularly polarized subpicosecond laser pulses. For this case, the Coulomb and electron-laser matrix elements were calculated within the effective-mass approximation with infinite potential walls. For a quantum dot with an internal tunneling barrier that splits the energy levels on the 10 meV scale, correlation effects couple the interband and intraband optical response. Work in progress aims at more realistic geometries, finite outer potential walls, and better description of the band structure, using real-space methods, multi-band models, and tight-binding Hamiltonians. With the help of 'dynamic state selection,' simulation times can be reduced by a factor of 5–10. Dynamic state selection allows the computer, by generic selection criteria, to use only those determinants that are momentarily most important. This approach is especially useful in multi-pulse simulations where the coupled determinants belong to different classes at different times.
Formal planning and the performance of business simulation teams

This study examines the relationship between formal planning and the performance of student teams competing in a comprehensive business simulation. The study uses a sample of 182 teams organized into 32 competitive sets. After controlling for the effect of differences in competitive sets and exogenous conditions, statistical testing indicated that planning teams performed significantly better than nonplanning teams.
Electromagnetics, heat transfer, and thermokinetics in microwave sterilization

Sterilization of solid foods using microwave power was studied using numerical modeling and specialized experimental verification. Maxwell's equations and the heat conduction equation were coupled using two separate finite-element programs and specially written modules to couple the programs. Spatial distributions of thermal-time, representing sterilization, were calculated from time-temperature history and first-order kinetics. Experimentally, concentrations of marker compounds formed during heating were measured and taken as indices of thermal-time. Experimental data on marker formation combined with numerical calculations provide an accurate and comprehensive picture of the sterilization process and represent a major step in establishing the efficacy of microwave sterilization processing. Unlike conventional sterilization, heating patterns can change qualitatively with geometry (shape and size) and properties (composition) of the food material, but optimal heating is possible by choosing suitable combinations of these factors. Combined with marker yield measurements, the numerical model can give comprehensive descriptions of the spatial time-temperature history, and thus can be used to verify the sterilization process.
Knowledge-based program synthesis for a geometric constraint satisfaction system

We describe an application of knowledge-based program synthesis techniques to a challenging geometric constraint satisfaction problem. We describe characteristics of the problem domain that make it a good candidate for automated program synthesis, discuss the benefits and limitations of our approach, and suggest some criteria that dictate when automated program synthesis techniques can be a powerful and practical aid in software engineering.
Modeling step function responses in continuous fermentation processes

Understanding both the qualitative and quantitative transient responses to inlet flow and substrate step functions has been a relatively unsolved problem for continuous fermentation processes. This study of transient responses and simple descriptive models suggests that the saturation constant of the MONOD equation is a variable. Thatf variable depends on the rate constants of parallel biochemical pathways leading to cell growth, the concentration of cells themselves, and the concentration of all products in the culture. Mechanisms for describing the hysteresis behavior of the growth rate funcion are postulated in terms of the underlying molecular biology of the microbial system.
C. S. Peirce’s Definition of Symbol in §14 of the New List

The main body of this paper consists of a commentary on §14 of Peirce’s 1867 paper “On a New List of Categories,” in which Peirce derives the concept of Symbol within his general theory of representations. Rather than aiming at a comprehensive study of the New List , the paper closely observes how Peirce arrives at his definition of Symbol in the New List by elucidating its main ideas. The paper suggests that Symbol occupies a unique conceptual locus in Peirce’s theory of categories and that his definition of Symbol in the New List is consistent with Peirce’s later formulations of Symbol. The paper includes five brief case studies of Peirce’s formulations of Symbol over the years 1866 - c.1911.
Beyond the Book: Using Web 2.0 Tools to Develop 21st Century Literacies

New information and communications technologies (ICT) are redefining teacher education. A university faculty member and an instructional technology consultant incorporated information and communications technologies within a graduate university methods course. The following research questions explored student perceptions of using Web 2.0 tools as a language arts teaching tool: (a) Do pre-service teachers feel adequately prepared to implement 21st century skills using Web 2.0 tools? and (b) What are the barriers that exist for teachers in using Web 2.0 tools in promoting literacy? Findings suggest educators must continue research of Web 2.0 tools to design new learning opportunities for the future.
Self-Serving Attributions in the Face of Reality: The Effect of Task Outcome and Potential Causes on Self-Other Attributions

This experiment investigated self-serving attribution strategies designed to account for one's own and another's success or failure at an interpersonal judgment task. Using the dimensions of stability and locus of potential causes first proposed by Weiner, analysis was made of self-other differences in attributions of ability, task difficulty, effort, and luck. Results showed that the tendency toward self-serving attributions was modified by the reality constraints of relative task outcomes, with one exception. Regardless of outcomes, subjects never admitted that the other exerted more effort than they did at the task. For the other potential causes, self-other differences in attributions were dependent on the observed outcomes. The results are discussed in light of the stability and locus characteristics of each potential cause and the complex concerns that govern self-serving attributions.
The Effect of Wash Temperature on Removal of Particulate and Oily Soil from Fabrics of Varying Fiber Content

In the laundry process relatively high wash temperatures have traditionally been used for optimum soil removal. The use of lower wash temperatures could result in a substantial reduction in the amount of energy used in laundering. One of the purposes of this study was to determine soil removal at a range of wash temperatures with detergents of different formulations from cotton, polyester, and cotton/polyester fabrics. A second purpose was to evaluate the use of x-ray fluorescence analysis as a quantitative measure for determining particulate soil removal from fabrics. The samples were soiled by application of clay and either unlabeled or doubly-labeled synthetic sebum. Removal of oily soil was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the samples. Clay removal was measured by x-tay fluorescence analyses of iron and silicon, and overall soil removal was measured by changes in reflectance. Both clay and oily soil appeared to be best removed from cotton fabrics by higher wash temperatures. Low wash tempe...
Spontaneous splenic rupture in a patient receiving thrombolytic therapy

Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente de 67 anos com historico de enxerto femoro-distal com inicio subito de dor repetitiva em membro inferior e que havia recebido ativador de plasminogenio tecidual (AP-t) recentemente. A paciente relatou nao adesao ao seu tratamento com warfarina. A angiografia revelou oclusao do enxerto. O AP-t foi administrado via arteria femoral direita. No segundo dia de hospitalizacao, a paciente apresentou nauseas e dor abdominal com hipotensao associada. Uma tomografia computadorizada revelou a existencia de um fluido pelvico e intra-abdominal livre em grande quantidade, com suspeita de que fosse sangue. O baco estava crescido, e o fluido foi observado em torno do figado. A laparotomia identificou uma laceracao grau III no hilo esplenico, e uma esplenectomia foi realizada. A paciente teve recuperacao completa. Embora rara, a ruptura esplenica espontânea deve ser considerada no diagnostico diferencial de pacientes submetidos a terapia trombolitica que apresentem sinais de instabilidade hemodinâmica.
Steady and Unsteady Flow Field at Pump and Turbine Exits of a Torque Converter

The steady and unsteady flow field at the pump and the turbine exit of a 245 mm diameter automotive torque converter was measured by a miniature high-frequency-response five-hole probe and a high-frequency-response total pressure Pitot probe in the stationary reference frame. The data were decomposed into blade periodic, blade aperiodic, and unresolved unsteady components. The periodic flow data shows that the pump exit flow has four major zones; the free-stream flow, the blade wake flow, the core-suction corner separation flow, and the mixing zone. The unsteady flow data shows that the unsteadiness in the free-stream is uniform, and the unsteadiness in the wake mixing flow zone is very high. The turbine exit flow is almost fully developed at the measurement plane, the flow field is uniform in the tangential direction, and only radial gradients in flow properties exist. A region of separated flow with high unsteadiness and high axial component of vorticity was observed at the measurement plane near the core
Respiratory Infections in the Rheumatic Disease Patient

Pulmonary infections are an important consideration in the management of patients with rheumatological diseases, especially in those with associated lung disease. Underlying altered immune status and administration of immunomodulatory drugs are thought to be the primary drivers of increased susceptibility to infection. Multiple studies have suggested that rheumatic patients, especially those taking biologic agents such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors, are at an increased risk of infection. Clinicians can attenuate the risk of serious infections by ensuring appropriate vaccination and by screening patients carefully for opportunistic infections prior to initiating therapy with biologic agents. Any signs or symptoms of pulmonary infection should be taken seriously, and both common and uncommon pathogens must be considered in the differential diagnosis. The management of pulmonary infections in rheumatic patients can be challenging, sometimes requiring cessation of immunomodulatory therapy and consultation with infectious diseases specialists, and should be tailored to the individual patient.
Management of the Mucin Filled Bile Duct. A Complication of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Tumor of the Pancreas

Context Biliary obstruction secondary to intrabiliary mucin is a relatively rare presentation of malignant intraductal pancreatic mucinous tumor. We report a case of unresectable intraductal pancreatic mucinous tumor associated with obstructive jaundice secondary to intrabiliary mucin. This case and a review of the literature, highlight the difficulty in obtaining sustained palliation from jaundice using endoscopically placed biliary stents or percutaneously placed biliary catheters due to rapid occlusion with thick mucin secreted by the tumor. Furthermore, this case differs from that commonly seen in the setting of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, where endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage is usually successful at long-term palliation from jaundice. Case report We report a case of obstructive jaundice secondary to invasive intraductal pancreatic mucinous tumor associated with dilated bile ducts containing copious amounts of mucin. The diagnosis of intraductal pancreatic mucinous tumor was established based on diagnostic findings on computed tomography scan and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The tumor was unresectable due to vascular invasion. Attempts at endoscopic biliary drainage proved unhelpful with the patient experiencing rapid occlusion of the biliary stents with thick mucinous material leading to recurrent cholangitis. The patient eventually underwent a choledochojejunostomy leading to complete and sustained resolution of the cholestasis. Conclusion If intraductal pancreatic mucinous tumor in association with intrabiliary mucinous obstruction is deemed unresectable, surgical biliary bypass seems to be superior to endoscopic biliary drainage and should be performed on initial presentation. This is due to rapid occlusion of biliary stents with thick mucin leading to frequent stent changes and recurrent cholestasis.
RECOGNITION BY PREGNANCY SERUMS OF SEVERAL DISTINCT NON-HL-A ALLOANTIGENS EXPRESSED ON B CELLS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO LD DETERMINANTS

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of recognition by the pregnancy serums of several distinct non-HL-A alloantigens expressed on B cells and their relationship to LD determinants. Certain pregnancy sera detect a polymorphic system of alloantigens expressed selectively on B lymphocytes but not T lymphocytes. These antigens are distinct from HL-A determinants and for convenience have been termed HL-B determinants. The selected HL-B alloantisera detect antigens that closely parallel the distribution of specific LD determinants detected by MLC typing. In addition, there are a small number of individuals that bear the HL-B antigens associated with LD7a or LD8a but do not give the expected typing reaction in mixed lymphocyte cultures. Certain other HL-B sera, of different specificity, detect antigens without apparent relation to any of the present LD types.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Vibrio splendidus Strains, Isolated from Seagrass Sediment

Here, we present the draft genome sequences of Vibrio splendidus UCD-SED7 and UCD-SED10 (phylum Proteobacteria). These strains were isolated from sediment surrounding Zostera marina roots near the UC Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory (Bodega, Bay, California). These assemblies contain 5,334,236 bp and 5,904,824 bp, respectively.
Heteroepitaxy of large grain Ge film on cube-textured Ni(001) foils through CaF2 buffer layer

Abstract Cube-textured Ni(001) foils have been considered as a viable alternative substrate to grow high quality functional films for large area optoelectronic devices. In this work, we report the heteroepitaxial growth of CaF2(001) films on cube-textured Ni(001) foils at 350–600 °C with in-plane orientation of CaF2[110]//Ni[100] and CaF2[ 1 - 10 ]//Ni[010] with 45° rotation respect to the Ni(001) substrate. Unlike CaF2(111)/Ni(001) films where there exist four independent rotational domains with rotational domain boundaries, CaF2(001)/Ni(001) contains no rotational domains or rotational domain boundaries. This makes CaF2(001)/Ni(001) films better candidates as templates for the growth of high quality functional semiconductors. We also demonstrate that Ge(001) film with no rotational domains and with a grain size of ~ 50 μm similar to that of the Ni substrate can be grown on the CaF2(001) buffered Ni substrate.
Re-Claiming What We Know: Pedagogy and the F-Word

As feminist scholars, we are called upon to dynamically challenge the barriers of social construction by our foremothers, hooks, Rich, Butler, Flynn, and others. An active feminist pedagogy requires critical consciousness and reflective practice for ourselves and our students. Yet, at today's university, where teaching is often devalued in favor of the research and publishing required for advancement, it is far too easy for theory to disconnect from practice. This response essay observes that such a disconnect may be at the root of a distancing from the F-word by the young women and girls we teach.
Politiques culturelles des sexes: Érotisme féminin et nationalisme chez Rafael Luis Sánchez, Raphaël Confiant, et Patrick Chamoiseau

Notre article examine-t-il la mise en scene des corps et de leur sexualite dans La guaracha del Macho Camacho (1976) de Luis Rafael Sanchez, dans Le Negre et l’Amiral de Raphael Confiant (1988) et dans Texaco (1992) de Patrick Chamoiseau afin de mettre en evidence la portee politique de ces romans.
A Semi-Automated Device for the Delivery of Food Pellets to Runway Goal Boxes

Researchers using runways for animals often wish to vary magnitude of reward between Ss or within Ss from trial to trial. A fully automated system would be costly and complex, therefore the usual method has been to place the pellets directly in the food cup by hand even though the method is awkward and time consuming. One possible solution is the use of a commercial pellet dispenser operated by a push button. Such a system can be made even more effective by adding a telephone dial and single-pole, heavy-duty relay having normally open contacts. With this system any number of pellets up to 10 can be delivered by simply dialing the appropriate digit. The dial is available from several surplus sources and is inexpensive. The standard telephone dial delivers pulses at the rate of 10 per sec. which is well within the operating rate of most commercial pellet dispensers. Most telephone dials emit one more pulse than indicated by the digit dialed, e.g., if one dials the digit "3", four pulses are emitted. This extra pulse can be eliminated by adding an extra finger stop constructed of heavy wire (coathanger wire is excellent) and positioned between the first finger hole and the existing finger stop. The extra finger stop now will stop the rotation of the dial one position short, therefore allowing formation of only the dialed number of pulses. Since the contact points of the dial are not heavy enough to carry the current required by the pellet dispensers, it is best that the dial operate a heavy duty relay which in nlrn operates the pellet dispenser. A fuse of sufficient current rating should be placed in series with the pellet dispenser for protection of the dispenser coil in case any part of the system fails to break the circuit after delivery of a pulse. In alleys or apparatus requiring two goal boxes, two pellet dispensers may be used with one relay simply by adding a single-pole, double-throw switch which can switch the delivery of the pulses to either of the dispensers. Such a system has been used in research by the authors over a long period of time and has been found to be accurate, reliable, and time saving.
Chronology versus System: Unleashing the Creative Potential of Architectural History

This article proposes a change in the teaching of architectural history to improve its potential for architectural education. A study of architectural history textbooks reveals the inadequacy of relying on the chronological organization of history. Instead, systems theory is recommened as the framework for history teaching. This should be complemented by a new understanding of the role of historical time in generating change and by a teaching method that responds to the breakup of metaphysical foundations. A different way of framing knowledge and a greater exploitation of students' intuitive capabilities will support these changes. This model is expected to better integrate history into the architectural curriculum.
Library Jargon: Student Recognition of Terms and Concepts Commonly Used by Librarians in the Classroom 1

This article reports the results of a study that used a pair of fifteen-item multiple-choice surveys to measure first- and second-year university student recognition of a select group of commonly used library terms. A total of 297 students responded. The results from the surveys indicate that commonly used terms such as plagiarism, reference services, research, copyright, and synonyms have high levels of recognition whereas library or computer-specific terms such as Boolean logic, bibliography, truncation, precision, and descriptor do not. The article includes a number of suggestions for overcoming this potential impediment to classroom communication.
Investigating Alternate Load Paths and Damage Tolerance of Structures Optimized for Multiple Load Cases

Redundancy in structures can provide load carrying capacity for the structure under multiple load cases, damaged conditions, or different configurations. Since these different load paths arise due to some changes in conditions, they are also referred to as “alternate paths”. The damage tolerance of a structure is a function of its ability to develop alternate load paths that effectively transfer loads to support points. A robust multi-path structure should be able to develop multiple alternate load paths that can survive loading and perform its intended function regardless of large variations in changes of loads, stiffness, or configuration. Previous work on design of redundant truss structures for robust damage tolerance and progressive failure response has shown that redundancy by itself does not guarantee that a structure can provide effective alternate load paths. Redundant structures must be tailored explicitly to develop such alternate load paths. This paper investigates design optimization methods for robust design of redundant multiple load path structures. Different mathematical definitions for load paths are presented and compared. Topology optimization for damage tolerance is developed to generate candidate designs for alternate load path investigations. Procedures for identifying alternate paths are developed and used in formulating and solving optimization of multiple load path structures.
Dirty Rotten Shame? The Value and Ethical Functions of Shame:

Approaching the human condition of shame from an ethical point of view, this essay traces the problems involving the relationship between shame and guilt, and between shame and the social field. Drawing on a phenomenological approach to shame phenomena, the essay explores moral and philosophical theories of shame underpinning our humanistic and psychological appreciation of this most basic human experience, one that, as we suggest, has both positive and negative valences.
The World Wide Web--a new tool for biomedical engineering education.

An ever-increasing variety of materials (text, images, videos, and sound) are available through the World Wide Web (WWW). While textbooks, which are often outdated by the time they are published, are usually limited to black and white text and images, many supplemental materials can be found on the WWW. The WWW also provides many resources for student projects. In BAE 465: Biomedical Engineering Applications, student teams developed WWW-based term projects on biomedical topics, e.g. biomaterials, MRI, and medical ultrasound. After the projects were completed and edited by the instructor, they were placed on-line for world-wide access if permission for this had been granted by the student authors. Projects from three classes have been used to form the basis for an electronic textbook which is available at http:@www.eos.ncsu.edu/bae/research/blanchard /www/465/textbook/. This electronic textbook also includes instructional objectives and sample tests for specific topic areas. Student projects have been linked to the appropriate topic areas within the electronic textbook. Links to relevant sites have been included within the electronic textbook as well as within the individual projects. Students were required to link to images and other materials they wanted to include in their project in order to avoid copyright issues. The drawback to this approach to copyright protection is that addresses can change making links unavailable. In BAE 465 and in BAE 235: Engineering Biology, the WWW has also been used to distribute instructional objectives, the syllabi and class policies, homework problems, and abbreviated lecture notes. This has made maintaining course-related material easier and has reduced the amount of paper used by both the students and the instructor. Goals for the electronic textbook include the addition of instructional simulation programs that can be run from remote sites. In the future, biomedical engineering may be taught in a virtual classroom with participation by an instructor and students from many different parts of the world.