cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of HIV antibody test results in 232 HIV/AIDS and their spouses or fixed sex partners

Objective:To study the infection status and sexual behavior of the HIVsexual transmission among HIV/AIDS and their spouses or fixed sex partners,and provide the basis for the prevention and spread of HIV infection.Methods: HIV antibody was detected in blood samples of HIV/AIDS cases and their spouses or fixed sex partners.Results: HIV antibody test results showed that 48 positive cases were found in 232 spouses of HIV/ AIDS cases,the rate of HIV infection through sexual transmission was 20.69%(48/232).Among 31 positive male spouses,the HIV transmission rate of female-to-male was 21.68%(31/143);while in 17 positive female spouses,the HIV transmission rate of male-to-female was 19.10%(17/89).(χ2 =0.222,P0.05).The transmission rate of male-female and female-male had no significant statistical difference.HIV/AIDS and their spouses or fixed sex partners were at low education level,most were junior high school and below,accounting for 84.48%(196/ 232);The farmers ranked the top,accounting for 78.45%(182/232);The high peak age was between 30 and 39 years old,46.12%(107/232);The condom useage rate was extremely low.The couples with infection time interval less than three months accounted for 83.33%(40/48).Conclusion: It is effective to expand the detection range,carry out timely missionary and intervention,increase condom use for blocking the HIV transmission through sex ual behaviors between spouses.
Gap genes define the limits of antennapedia and bithorax gene expression during early development in Drosophila.

Abstract The maintenance of selective patterns of homeotic gene expression within the Drosophila CNS involves cross-regulatory interactions among the genes of the antennapedia and bithorax complexes (ANT-C and BX-C). Such a mechanism does not appear to be responsible for the establishment of these selective expression patterns during early development. Here we show that mutations in several of the gap genes strongly alter the early patterns of Antp and Abd-B expression. The altered patterns that are observed do not always correlate with simple expectations based on cuticular pattern defects observed in advanced-stage mutants. It appears that the initial patterns of Antp and Abd-B expression involve their differential regulation by a common set of gap genes. We propose that the gap genes are largely responsible for integrating the processes of segmentation and homeosis.
Clinicopathologic features and treatment outcome of children with large-cell lymphoma and the t(2;5)(p23;q35).

The t(2;5)(p23;q35) was detected in 9 of the 18 cases of large-cell lymphoma with an abnormal karyotype among 115 children with large-cell lymphoma treated at St Jude Children9s Research Hospital from 1975 to 1993. When the cases containing the t(2;5) were classified according to the National Cancer Institute Working Formulation, 7 were large-cell, immunoblastic and 2 were diffuse large cell; according to the Kiel classification system, 6 were anaplastic large cell, 2 immunoblastic, and 1 centroblastic. CD30 expression was documented in 6 of 8 cases tested. All patients had nodal disease and 6 had extranodal involvement (bone in 4 cases and skin in 3). Eight of nine had advanced disease at diagnosis (stage Ill in 7 and stage IV in 1). Complete remission (CR) was attained in all patients and 6 remain in first CR for 19+ to 97+ months. Three relapsed, but successfully obtained second remissions; 2 are 58+ and 80+ months after retrieval therapy for local recurrences, and 1 patient died of recurrent disease. The t(2;5)(p23;q35) is associated with, but not limited to, anaplastic histology, a CD30+ T- cell phenotype, advanced stage disease with nodal (+/- extranodal) involvement, and chemosensitivity at diagnosis and relapse.
Single Molecule Spectroscopy Illuminating the Molecular Dynamics of Life

This chapter summarizes a series of new single-molecule spectroscopy investigations in the life sciences at Cornell University that began with our invention of Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) about 1970. Our invention of FCS became my first focus on the “Molecular Dynamics of Life.” It motivated my transition from research on quantum fluctuations and transport in condensed matter physics including superconductivity and in the molecular dynamics of coherent fluctuations and nano-transport in inanimate physical and chemical systems subject to the nonlinear dynamics of continuous phase transitions. These interdisciplinary transitions exemplify the productivity of such interdisciplinary interactions in science.
The Cost of Counterterrorism: Privacy and Surveillance

“To refer to the more or less indiscriminate storing of information relating to the private lives of individuals in terms of pursuing a legitimate national security concern is … problematic.” Judge Luzius Wildhaber, Rotaru v. Romania , 2000 “We must build a ‘system of systems’ that can provide the right information to the right people at all times. Information will be shared ‘horizontally’ across each level of government and ‘vertically’ among federal, state and local governments, private industry, and citizens.… We will leverage America's leading-edge information technology to develop an information architecture that will effectively secure the homeland.” US National Strategy for Homeland Security , 2002 “The act of turning the military loose on civilians even if sanctioned by an Act of Congress, which it has not been, would raise serious and profound constitutional questions. Standing as it does only on brute power and Pentagon policy, it must be repudiated as a usurpation dangerous to the civil liberties on which free men are dependent. Justice William O. Douglas, Laird v. Tatum , 1972 “[The enemy moves in] a shadowy underworld operating globally with supporters and allies in many countries. Including, unfortunately our own.… Contrary to popular belief, there is no absolute ban on [military] intelligence components collecting US person information.” Robert Noonan, Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Department of the Army, 2001 “You have zero privacy anyway. Get over it.” Scott McNealey, CEO Sun Microsystems, 1999
Nuclear Testing and the NPT

The CTBT bans nuclear explosions of any yield, in all places, and for all time. CTBT is an arms control measure that constrains the five nuclear weapons states from developing new weapons.
Microstructures, post-TPP processing

Abstract Post–two-photon polymerization (TPP) processing provides the ability to extend the functionality of structures fabricated with TPP. While TPP techniques allow for the production of impressive three-dimensional, microscopic structures, the range of capabilities provided by the polymer structures is fairly limited. One method of increasing the functional capabilities of the final structure is the processing of the fabricated structure following TPP and development. Instead of considering the TPP fabrication and subsequent development of the freestanding microstructure as the final step of the fabrication process, it should be looked at as the construction of the skeletal system, and further modification of the fabricated structures should be expected. This chapter explores the work done in the area of post-TPP processing and shows how a number of researchers have opened the door to expanding the capabilities of structures produced through TPP.
Parent–Child Groups for Externalizing Disorders: Outcomes, Sociodemographic Moderators, Attendance, and Attrition in a Real-World Setting

ABSTRACTGroup-based parent training is a well-established, empirically supported treatment for externalizing problems, but few studies have examined the outcomes of this approach in real-world, clinically representative outpatient samples. In addition, many families experience barriers to program attendance in outpatient settings. The purpose of this study was to examine pretreatment to posttreatment clinical outcomes of parent training and child social skills groups, as well as sociodemographic moderators of group outcomes, attendance, and attrition, among a large, diverse sample of families attending 8-week group treatment at an outpatient pediatric hospital. Two hundred thirty-three children ages 4–10 years and their parent reporters participated in 28 concurrent parent–child groups. Parent pretreatment and posttreatment ratings of child disruptive behavior and related parental stress were available for 158 families (M child age = 7.25 years, SD = 1.54; 77.8% male). Children showed significant pretreat...
A Cross-Sectional Study of Early Childhood Educators' Childhood and Current Food Insecurity and Dietary Intake.

ABSTRACTIn this cross-sectional study, early childhood educators (ECEs; N = 307) completed an 18-item survey regarding their role (lead vs. assistant), education level, program type, and current and childhood food insecurity (FI) and dietary intake. ECEs in this study reported poor dietary quality and a high rate of FI. Approximately one quarter of ECEs ate fruits and vegetables more than once per day. Of participating ECEs, 34.5% indicated current FI and 28.7% reported experiencing FI in childhood. Differences in prevalence of current FI were found for ECE role, program type, and education (all p ≤ 0.03). Regression models with childhood dietary intake, childhood FI, education, and program type as predictors accounted for a significant portion of variance in current dietary outcomes. In both models, childhood dietary intake was uniquely predictive (p < 0.001) although program type was not. Future training and education efforts for ECEs should consider including specific resources to assess and reduce ECE...
Iodine deficiency disorders in high-risk areas of Hainan province from 2007 to 2009: an analysis of survey results

Objective To know the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) and the implementation of control measures against the disorders in high-risk areas of Hainan province. Methods Typical sampling principle was used. Eight townships with lower coverage rate of iodized salt were chosen in IDD high-risk counties of Hainan. New cretinism cases were screened among children aged 10 years and under. Intelligence quotient (IQ)value, urinary iodine (UI) concentration and thyroid gland size (by palpation and B ultrasonic) were investigated in children aged 8 to 10 years and questionnaire was also carried out among students from grade 5 in elementary school. Edible salt and urine of women of childbearing age were collected to detect iodine levels, respectively,questionnaire was also carried out among the women of childbearing age. The UI was determined by As3-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometer, the salt iodine level was determined using self-quantitative kit. IQ values were measured by the Combined Raven Test in China (CRT-C2). Results Seventy-two townships were investigated in three consecutive years, 7937 children aged 8 to 10 years, 1797 women of childbearing age and 4128 students of grade 5 were included in the survey. One child was diagnosed as suspected new cretinism case. The coverage rate of iodized salt was increased from 44.6%(629/1411) in 2007 to 92.1%(1688/1832) in 2009. The goiter rate was dropped from 5.9% (269/4548), 6.0% (274/4548) in 2007 to 1.6% (24/1461), 0.1% (2/1461) in 2009 bypalpation, and by B-ultrasound, respectively, in children aged 8 to 10 years. The median urinary iodine(MUI) was found to be increased from 97.4 μg/L in 2007 to 165.0 μg/L in 2009, and the percentage of UI less than 50.0 μg/L, and 100.0 μg/L were dropped from 21.4%(973/4548), 51.2%(2329/4548) in 2007 to 7.5 %(110/1461), 23.4%(342/1461) in 2009, respectively. The MUI of women of childbearing age was found to be elevated from 73.7 μg/L in 2007 to 126.1 μg/L in 2009, and the value was also increased from 55.7 μg/L to 121.5 μg/L in pregnant women, but these values were still lower than 150.0 μg/L The pass rate of the questionnaire of IDD controlling among the students of grade 5 and the women of childbearing age was raised from 29.8% (446/1495) ,24.1% (179/742) in 2007 to 65.8%(732/1112), 72.1%(264/366) in 2009, respectively. The mean IQ of children was 90.4±16.0, and the percentage of IQ value less than 69 was 12.6% (1000/7937). Conclusions The diseased state of IDD has improved in the high-risk counties of disorders in Hainan province, but the pregnant women are still iodine deficient. Iodine supplimentation should be promoted among pregnant women. Key words: Iodine; Deficiency disorders; Goiter, Endemic; Data collection
An infant with Pearson syndrome: a rare cause of congenital sideroblastic anemia and bone marrow failure.

![Figure][1] A 3-month-old boy presented with decreased appetite, fatigue, and a nosebleed. Initial workup revealed hemoglobin 2.6 g/dL (10.2-12.7), hematocrit 7.7% (30.9-37.9), mean corpuscular volume 104 fL (71.3-82.6), white blood cell count 4200/μL (240 absolute neutrophil count),
The Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire-Short Form: A Construct Validity Study

N. B. Schmidt, T. E. Joiner, J. E. Young, and M. J. Telch (1995) provided preliminary construct validity for scores from J. E. Young's (1990) 205-item Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire. The pr...
Prediction and classification of different phases in a fermentation using neural networks

Neural Networks were developed to identify different phases in the growth cycle of a recombinant strain of Bacillus subtilis. The network performance was enhanced by adding the first and second derivatives of the cultivation sample absorbance. The new architecture was then coupled to a Jordan network with locally recurrent processing elements in order to forecast the stages of the fermentation based on data collected during the first 5 hours. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998
Transient and Local Expression of Chemokine and Immune Checkpoint Traps To Treat Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic tumors are known to be resistant to immunotherapy due to the extensive immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that CXCL12 and PD-L1 are two key molecules controlling the immunosuppressive TME. Fusion proteins, called traps, designed to bind with these two molecules with high affinity (Kd = 4.1 and 0.22 nM, respectively) were manufactured and tested for specific binding with the targets. Plasmid DNA encoding for each trap was formulated in nanoparticles and intravenously injected to mice bearing orthotopic pancreatic cancer. Expression of traps was mainly seen in the tumor, and secondarily, accumulations were primarily in the liver. Combination trap therapy shrunk the tumor and significantly prolonged the host survival. Either trap alone only brought in a partial therapeutic effect. We also found that CXCL12 trap allowed T-cell penetration into the tumor, and PD-L1 trap allowed the infiltrated T-cells to kill the tumor cells. Combo trap therapy also significantly reduce...
A prospective evaluation of predictors of pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: psychosocial factors have a stronger association than structural factors.

Hypothesis We evaluated the correlation of preoperative factors with pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). We hypothesized that nonstructural factors, including metrics of psychological well-being and preoperative narcotic use, would correlate with higher pain levels postoperatively and that structural factors, such as tear size, would not be predictive. Methods Ninety-three patients were prospectively enrolled and evenly distributed by tear size. Patient sex, age, occupation, smoking status, tear mechanism, tear characteristics on magnetic resonance imaging, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, narcotic usage, range of motion (ROM) by goniometry, and functional and psychological assessments through the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form, Simple Shoulder Test, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC), and RAND 36-item Short Form Survey questionnaires were obtained preoperatively. VAS scores and ROM were collected postoperatively at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. The ASES, SST, WORC, and RAND 36-item Short Form Survey questionnaires were repeated 1 year postoperatively. Results The patients (54% men) were a mean age of 56.4 years. There were 68% traumatic tears, 11% smokers, and 13% used narcotics preoperatively. ROM, VAS, ASES, and WORC scores improved significantly from the preoperative to 1-year postoperative assessment. Correlating with increased pain scores at 1 year were preoperative narcotic use, higher preoperative VAS, and lower scores on the WORC index and emotion sections. Conclusion Our data show that the factors most predictive of persistent pain after ARCR are psychosocial characteristics, including poor performance on validated measures of emotional well-being. Demographic and tear-specific structural factors did not correlate with postoperative pain scores.
Multiplexed genetic engineering of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells using CRISPR/Cas9 and AAV6.

Our DNA contains thousands of sections called genes that encode the information needed to make all the cells in the human body. To understand what the genes do and how they contribute to diseases, it is crucial for researchers to be able to switch individual genes on or off or make precise changes to the ‘letters’ in their code. Since most genes act in complicated networks it would be very useful to be able to edit several genes at the same time, especially when studying cancer and other diseases that are caused by defects in multiple genes. CRISPR/Cas9 is a relatively new technique that allows the code of individual genes to be precisely edited. To edit a gene, CRISPR/Cas9 first breaks the DNA at the site of interest and this break is subsequently repaired using new DNA templates that introduce the desired change in the code. In this way, the letters of the code can be changed with the same precision that one edits the letters and words of a document. This technique has been successfully used to edit the code of single genes, but it is much more difficult to use it to edit several genes at the same time. To import new DNA repair templates into human and other mammalian cells, researchers have used harmless virus-like particles called rAAV vectors. Researchers load the DNA templates into rAAV vectors, which are able to enter the cells and carry the templates to the DNA of the cells. Bak, Dever, Reinisch et al. combined CRISPR/Cas9 with rAAV template delivery to precisely edit several genes in human cells, including blood stem cells. In this new system, CRISPR/Cas9 directs the insertion of new pieces of DNA carried by rAAV6 vectors into specific genes. The system developed by Bak, Dever, Reinisch et al. allows several genes to be precisely edited at the same time. Furthermore, the system includes fluorescent markers that enable successfully edited cells to be identified and tracked. In the future, this technique could be used to study how genes work together to control various characteristics, and how cancer and other diseases develop.
Inapproximability of the multi-level uncapacitated facility location problem

In this paper, we present improved inapproximability results for the k-level uncapacitated facility location problem. In particular, we show that there is no polynomial time approximation algorithm with performance guarantee better than 1.539 unless NP is contained in DTIME(nO(log log n)) for the case when k = 2. For the case of general k (tendining to infinity) we obtain a better hardness factor of 1.61.Interestingly, our results show that the two-level problem is computationally harder than the well known uncapacitated facility location problem (k = 1) since the best known approximation guarantee for the latter problem is 1.488 due to Li [22], and our inapproximability is a factor of 1.539 for the two-level problem. The only inapproximability result known before for this class of metric facility location problems is the bound of 1.463 due to Guha and Khuller [17], which holds even for the case of k = 1.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Updates to Screening and Diagnosis

In what is considered to be "a global problem," liver cancer has tripled in incidence in the United States over the past 20 to 30 years, and is now present in 7 per 100,000 Americans. Thus, screening for disease should be at the forefront to effectively treat high-risk populations. At the 2018 NCCN 23rd Annual Conference, Dr. Anne M. Covey discussed the updated NCCN Guidelines for the screening and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, which place ultrasound as the most cost-effective and least toxic primary screening option, with a screening interval of approximately 6 months for individuals considered to be at high risk.
Exile, Restoration, and the Question of Postexilic Suffering in Josephus

The present study focuses on the representation of restoration and postexilic suffering in Josephus’s Antiquities of the Jews . This study first builds upon Feldman’s observations, arguing that Josephus interprets the rebuilding of the Jerusalem temple as the Judean restoration marking the end of exilic judgment. Second, this study examines Josephus’s interpretation of subsequent postexilic oppression and suffering at the hands of foreigners. Josephus interprets this post-restoration suffering through the theological lens of the exile, but not as a continuation or even return to a single “exile” event. Rather, for Josephus, the exile is the archetypal experience of divine judgment for disobedience. Thus subsequent disobedience in the post-restoration age could lead to a repeat of this “sin–punishment” paradigm. Josephus utilizes this repeatable paradigm to explain periods of Jewish suffering after their restoration from exile.
Hydrogen Isotopes Retention In Fusion Reactor Plasmafacing Materials: An Abbreviated Review

Fusion reactor design requires an understanding of the tritium retention and recycling properties of the plasma-facing materials. After many years of research, a basic understanding of these properties for materials such as beryllium, carbon, and tungsten has been achieved. This report is an abbreviated review of these properties. The most widely accepted values (in the opinion of the authors) for diffusivity, solubility, recombination rate coefficient, and trapping parameters for each of the above materials is given.
Styles of Agglutination in Benthic Foraminifera from Modern Santa Barbara Basin Sediments and the Implications of Finding Fossil Analogs in Devonian and Mississippian Black Shales

Agglutinated foraminifera are benthic organisms that in modern sediments have been described from marginal marine to bathyal environments. A number of modern taxa have adapted well to oxygen-deficient environments, but even those require at least some oxygen in order to persist at the seafloor. Agglutinated foraminifera in sediments from the central deep of the Santa Barbara Basin are typically multi-chambered and have walls that incorporate a variety of silicate minerals. Some taxa are quite selective with regard to mineral type and size, whereas others seem to incorporate a wide range of minerals and grain sizes. With deeper burial, these foraminifera tests collapse and give rise to mineral streaks that are distinct through comparatively narrow sorting and grain-type variability. Collapsed agglutinated foraminifera with mono-mineralic as well as mixed mineral walls have been observed in black shale samples of Devonian to Mississippian age, suggesting benthic assemblages comparable to those seen in modern and sub-recent Santa Barbara Basin muds. The latter thrive in a largely suboxic setting and suggest by analogy that extended bottom water anoxia, though frequently postulated, was not a requirement for the formation of Paleozoic black shales. Improved criteria for the recognition of benthic agglutinated foraminifera in the rock record should help to bring new perspectives to the ongoing debate about the origin of ancient black shale successions and accelerate the removal of simplistic models from the discussion.
On Compactifications of Decentralized Output Feedback Spaces

Decentralized control is often applied to large-scale systems, e.g. power systems, socioeconomic systems, etc. For such systems, centralized control may be impractical or uneconomical. So we need to study the decentralized control of such systems. In decentralized control, the whole system is controlled by several local controllers. Each controller observes only local system outputs and controls only local inputs. The decentralized control of linear systems has been studied by many authors. There are two major results about the decentralized stabilization and decentralized pole assignment. Wang and Davison [4] proved that decentralized stabilization using local dynamic feedback is possible if and only if the fixed modes are stable. Corfomat and Morese [2] proved that a strongly connected system can be made controllable and observable through a single channel by applying local static feedback to all other channels if and only if the set of fixed modes is empty. Thus the poles of such system can be freely assigned by applying local dynamic feedback to one channel and local static feedback to all other channels.
Pressure Simulation of Outer Space

The pressures in space cover a wide range, from atmospheric to the ultra high vacuum region. In the case of simulation chambers it is not the pressure which we desire to duplicate but rather its effects. This paper derives the basic equations governing the directional nature of the pressures which exist in a simulation chamber. On the basis of the derived equations an optimum space simulation chamber design is discussed.
Radical SAM enzymes: surprises along the path to understanding mechanism

As the field of radical SAM enzymology has grown from a few examples in the 1990s to hundreds of thousands today, a fundamental question has remained: how does Nature use S-adenosyl-L-methionine to initiate radical reactions? This was a driving question when we first began studying pyruvate formate-lyase activating enzyme in 1993, and our journey for answers has brought us to many surprising discoveries, from the direct coordination of SAM to a unique iron in a [4Fe-4S] cluster, to our recent discovery of an organometallic intermediate and our ability to quantitatively produce and characterize the long-sought 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical intermediate. These adventures and what we have learned along the way about this fundamentally novel chemistry is described in this review.
Decreasing time to initiation of inpatient chemotherapy at LAC+USC medical center utilizing an admission checklist.

262Background: Delays in the initiation of chemotherapy for scheduled inpatient admissions cause excess lengths of stay and shift infusion start times to the evenings when hospital staffing is decr...
Nup93 regulates breast tumor growth by modulating cell proliferation and actin cytoskeleton remodeling

Nucleoporin 93 (Nup93) expression inversely correlates with the survival of triple-negative breast cancer patients. However, our knowledge of Nup93 function in breast cancer besides its role as structural component of the nuclear pore complex is not understood. Combination of functional assays and genetic analyses suggested that chromatin interaction of Nup93 partially modulates the expression of genes associated with actin cytoskeleton remodeling and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, resulting in impaired invasion of triple-negative, claudin-low breast cancer cells. Nup93 depletion induced stress fiber formation associated with reduced cell migration/proliferation and impaired expression of mesenchymal-like genes. Silencing LIMCH1, a gene responsible for actin cytoskeleton remodeling and up-regulated upon Nup93 depletion, partially restored the invasive phenotype of cancer cells. Loss of Nup93 led to significant defects in tumor establishment/propagation in vivo, whereas patient samples revealed that high Nup93 and low LIMCH1 expression correlate with late tumor stage. Our approach identified Nup93 as contributor of triple-negative, claudin-low breast cancer cell invasion and paves the way to study the role of nuclear envelope proteins during breast cancer tumorigenesis.
An Epidemic in the Midst of a Pandemic: Opioid Use Disorder and COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic poses a particularly grave risk to the millions of Americans with opioid use disorder, who—already vulnerable and marginalized—are heavily dependent on face-to-face health car...
Cuticular pheromones stimulate hygienic behavior in the honey bee (Apis mellifera)

The health of western honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies is challenged by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor and the numerous harmful pathogens it vectors. Selective breeding for the naturally occurring social immune trait "hygienic behavior" has emerged as one sustainable approach to reducing the mites' impact on honey bees. To expand our understanding of hygienic triggers and improve hygienic selection tools, we tested the hypothesis that the cuticular compounds (Z)-10-tritriacontene and (Z)-6-pentadecene, previously associated with unhealthy honey bee brood and/or brood targeted for hygiene, are triggers of honey bee hygienic behavior independent of brood health. In support of our hypothesis, application of synthetic (Z)-10-tritriacontene and (Z)-6-pentadecene onto brood and brood cell caps significantly increased hygienic behavior compared to application of similarly structured hydrocarbon controls (Z)-16-dotriacontene and (Z)-7-pentadecene. Furthermore, we demonstrate a significant positive correlation between colony-level hygienic responses to (Z)-10-tritriacontene and the traditional freeze-killed brood assay for selection of hygienic honey bee stocks. These results confirm biological activity of (Z)-6-pentadecene and reveal (Z)-10-tritriacontene as a novel hygiene trigger. They also support development of improved tools for honey bee colony monitoring and hygienic selection, and thus may accelerate development of honey bee stocks with greater resistance to Varroa and associated pathogens.
Protein- and Cell-Based Therapies for Periodontal Regeneration

To fully regenerate the periodontal tissues remains a challenge in our daily practice. Periodontal regeneration is a complex process involving a series of cellular and molecular events. In the last two decades, significant advances have been made in applying proteins and peptides to treat periodontal osseous defects. Several products are currently available and a few others are under development. Stem cell therapy has also been vigorously investigated for regenerating craniofacial tissues including periodontia. In this chapter, we review the current status of protein- and cell-based therapies for periodontal regeneration, with an emphasis on products that have been tested in clinical studies.
Multiscale modeling and control of fiber length in pulp digester

During the Kraft pulping process, the fiber morphology such as fiber length and cell wall thickness changes due to degradation reactions. In this work, a multiscale model that integrates a widely employed mathematical model (i.e., extended Purdue model) and a microscopic model (i.e., kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm) is proposed to capture the dynamic evolution of the fiber morphology while cooking, as well as conventionally measured pulp quality index (i.e., Kappa number). To deal with the computational requirement of this multiscale model, a reduced-order model is identified and implemented to a model-based controller to regulate the fiber length and Kappa number to desired values.
Behavioral Methods of Contraception

Total sexual abstinence is the most effective method of birth control, but incomplete commitment can result in high rates of unintended pregnancies. Periodic abstinence and fertility awareness methods rely on menstrual calendars, CycleBeads, BBT, the Billings method, or the symptothermal method to detect at-risk fertile days. Coitus interruptus has failure rates similar to the female barrier methods. LAM is very effective for up to 6 months postpartum. Other practices, which admittedly may not even be characterized as sex, also provide sexual pleasure without incurring the risk of pregnancy but do not protect against STIs.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac arrest systems of care.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), led to the declaration of a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. As of February 6, 2021, over 105 million persons have been infected in 223 countries and there have been 2,290,488 deaths. As a result, emergency medical services and hospital systems have undergone unprecedented healthcare delivery reconfigurations. Here, we review the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) epidemiology and systems of care. RECENT FINDINGS: Areas severely affected by the pandemic have reported increased incidence of OHCA, lower rates of successful resuscitation, and increased mortality. COVID-19 has significantly impacted patient outcomes through increased disease severity, decreased access to care, and the reshaping of emergency medical response and hospital-based healthcare systems and policies. The pandemic has negatively influenced attitudes toward resuscitation and challenged providers with novel ethical dilemmas provoked by the scarcity of healthcare resources. SUMMARY: The COVID-19 pandemic has had direct, indirect, psychosocial, and ethical impacts on the cardiac arrest chain of survival.
Incidence of hypersensitivity reactions in patients on H1-receptor antagonists receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.

Objective This study determined the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions in patients receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy while on H1-receptor antagonists (H1RAs). Prophylaxis for patients receiving oxaliplatin is not currently recommended. H1RAs are used for the treatment of reactions; however, prophylactic H1RAs have not been well-studied. Methods This retrospective chart review included patients with solid tumor malignancies who received H1RAs while on oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy between August 1, 2016 and October 31, 2019. Results Of fifty-one patients, there were four hypersensitivity reactions (8%), most of which were mild, occurred within 60 minutes of the start of the infusion, and did not result in an interruption in treatment. One severe reaction occurred, which required discontinuation of therapy. Forty-two patients (82%) were able to receive at least 9 cycles of oxaliplatin without a reported reaction. Conclusion In this observational study, the incidence rate of hypersensitivity reactions in patients receiving oxaliplatin while on H1RAs was lower than reported in previous literature. Most reactions were mild, and patients were able to continue oxaliplatin-based therapy. With future, randomized controlled trials, H1RAs may prove to be effective in preventing or delaying the onset of hypersensitivity reactions related to oxaliplatin.
Technology and psychotherapeutic interventions: Bibliometric analysis of the past four decades.

Background Rapid growth of the integration of technology and psychotherapeutic interventions has been noted, but no clear quantification of this growth has been done. Aims This bibliometric analysis seeks to quantify the growth, trends, and applications of technology in psychotherapeutic interventions over the last 40 years. Methods Searches were conducted in the Web of Science (WOS) database for all existing technology-psychotherapy-related publications from 1981 to October 2020. Search terms were refined using a systematic screening strategy, based upon Cochrane protocol, generating 52 technology terms. Analyses across 40 years and by decade from 1981 to 2020 were conducted. Results A total of 13,934 peer-reviewed articles were identified. Yearly publication rate has increased from one in 1981 to 1902 by October 2020. The growth rate of publications across decades consistently tripled in size (762.50% from the 1980s to 1990s, 539.71% from the 1990s to 2000s, and 337.24% from the 2000s to 2010s). The author, country, journal, and institution with the most publications were Andersson, G., USA, Journal of Medical Internet Research, and Karolinska Institute, respectively. The most frequent technology search term across all four decades was "internet*." The trends in percentages of peer-reviewed publications within each decade showed: 1) a declining trend for the term "computer," 2) an upward trend for the combined terms, "internet," "online," and "web," 3) and a steady but smaller proportion of publications for other terms ("cell phone," "phone/telephone," "technology," "video," "virtual reality or VR," "apps," "digital," "machine learning," "electronic," "robo," and "telehealth"). Discussion The rapid growth and trends identified in technology and psychotherapy publications can inform related policies addressing the role of technology in mental health. Moreover, pattern analyses may provide direction for a standard nomenclature to address terminology usage inconsistencies across the field.
Plantar loading changes with alterations in foot strike patterns during a single session in habitual rear foot strike female runners.

Abstract Objectives Characterize plantar loading parameters when habitually rear foot strike (RFS) runners change their pattern to a non-rear foot strike (NRFS). Design Experimental. Setting University biomechanics laboratory. Participants Twenty three healthy female runners (Age: 22.17 ± 1.64 yrs; Height: 168.91 ± 5.46 cm; Mass: 64.29 ± 7.11 kg). Main outcome measures Plantar loading was measured using an in-sole pressure sensor while running down a 20-m runway restricted to a range of 3.52–3.89 m/s under two conditions, using the runner's typical RFS, and an adapted NRFS pattern. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance was performed to detect differences in loading between these two conditions. Results Force and pressure variables were greater in the forefoot and phalanx in NRFS and greater in the heel and mid foot in RFS pattern, but the total force imposed upon the whole foot and contact time remained similar between conditions. Total peak pressure was higher and contact area was lower during NRFS running. Conclusions The primary finding of this investigation is that there are distinctly different plantar loads when changing from a RFS to NRFS during running. So, during a transition from RFS to a NRFS pattern; a period of acclimation should be considered to allow for adaptations to these novel loads incurred on plantar regions of the foot.
The Arab Nahdah: The Making of the Intellectual and Humanist Movement

This title explores the influences that triggered the Arabic awakening, the nahdah, from the 1800s onwards. To understand today's Arab thinking, you need to go back to the beginnings of modernity: the nahdah or Arab renaissance of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Abdulrazzak Patel enhances our understanding of the nahdah and its intellectuals, taking into account important internal factors alongside external forces. Patel explores the key factors that contributed to the rise and development of the nahdah. He introduces the humanist movement of the period that was the driving force behind much of the linguistic, literary and educational activity. Drawing on intellectual history, literary history and postcolonial studies, he argues that the nahdah was the product of native development and foreign assistance and that nahdah reformist thought was hybrid in nature. Overall, this study highlights the complexity of the movement and offers a more pluralist history of the period.
Deformation of the human body due to uni-directional forced sinusoidal vibration.

The effects of forced vibration upon the human body were determined in the form of circumferential strain of chest, abdomen, pelvis and thigh.Sixteen human subjects, in the sitting erect, sitting r...
Obsecenity, Morality, and the First Amendment: The First LGBT Rights Cases Before the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court decided its first two cases involving LGBT litigants in 1958 and 1962, respectively. Surprisingly, commentators have paid little attention to these early cases despite the fact that the Court in both instances sided with the publishers of gay magazines in the face of the government’s claim that the publications were obscene. This Article fills this gap in the literature by exploring how the challengers prevailed before the Supreme Court at a time when the vast majority of Americans strongly disapproved of same-sex sexual relationships and conduct. The Article contends that the best way of understanding the cases is to view them as part of the push by mid-twentieth century courts to “demoralize” the law of obscenity, that is to reject, minimize, or ignore the government’s contention that obscenity laws were needed to promote and protect public morality. The Article also explores the historical importance of the first LGBT rights victories before the Supreme Court, explaining how they contributed in important ways to the formation and strengthening of LGBT identities and communities during the early days of the LGBT rights movement. Finally, the Article analogizes between the demoralization of obscenity law under the First Amendment and the demoralization of substantive due process and equal protection law in matters of sexual orientation that resulted from the Court’s later cases involving sodomy and marriage laws. In doing so, the Article explains how and why the demoralization of free speech law preceded the demoralization of other areas of constitutional law.
The Economics of Competition Policy: Recent Developments and Cautionary Notes in Antitrust and Regulation

Competition policy has become more prominent while the thinking underlying those policies has undergone substantial revision. We survey advances in antitrust economics and the economics of regulation. Increasing reliance on non-cooperative game theory as a foundation for antitrust has led to rethinking conventional approaches. We review some of these contributions in the context of mergers, vertical restraints, and competition in "network industries." Turning to regulation, we review standard rationales and identify some major contemporary refinements, with examples of the motives behind them and their application. After brief thoughts on privatization, we conclude with suggestions on design and implementation, with some observations on whether these developments are as valuable in the corridors of policy as they may be in the halls of academe.
Ruptured intracranial aneurysm associated with coarctation of the aorta; report of a patient treated by hypothermia and surgical repair of the coarctation.

Abstract A case is reported of a fourteen year old boy with coarctation of the aorta who suffered rupture of an intracranial ancurysni. The patient was treated by antihypertensive drugs, a period of controlled hypothermia and surgical correction of the coarctation during the period of active intracranial bleeding. To our knowlledge this is the first case of this condition in which successful repair of the coarctation has been accomplished during the period of acute intracranial bleeding. Thirty-two additional cases of intracranial aneurysm associated with coarctation have been reviewed. Rupture of the aneurysms occurred at an earlier age and was associated with a greater mortality rate than in aneurysms unassociated with coarctation. Hypothermia, by reducing the arterial pressure and diminishing cerebral edema and anoxia, appears to be beneficial to these patients. Both carotid and vertebral arteriography should be performed because of the high incidence of multiple ancurysms. The question is discussed as to whether the coarctation should be repaired before the ruptured aneurysm or whether the aneurysm should be corrected first with subsequent repair of the coarctation. It is our belief that the latter is preferable. It must be emphasized that the time interval between the repair of both lesions should be extremely limited.
The comparative biochemistry of the organic matrix of developing enamel—II: Ultracentrifugal and electrophoretic characterization of proteins soluble at neutral pH

Abstract At a pH of 7.7 the neutral soluble proteins of both embryonic ovine and equine enamel have a concentration-dependent trinodal sedimentation boundary very similar to that previously found for the embryonic bovine enamel proteins. In the latter case, the 1 S node was primarily due to a number of chemically unique subunits, the 2 S node to intermediate(s), and the 12 S node to various high molecular weight aggregates, some of which are labile and in a state of (partial) equilibrium with the subunits during centrifugation, and others that are stable to dilution. When dissolved in 6 M urea, the sedimentation velocity patterns of the ovine and equine proteins are similar to that of the bovine enamel proteins: they show but one peak with an apparent sedimentation coefficient of about 1 S. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns for these three proteins in 6 M urea are likewise similar: each shows approximately twenty bands, which, with a few exceptions, have a band-to-band correspondence. It was concluded that the physico-chemical data add further evidence that the neutral soluble proteins of developing enamel constitute a distinct class of structural proteins.
“Emerging from the Shadows: New Developments in the History of Interracial Sex and Intermarriage in Colonial North America and the Caribbean”

This article analyzes recent historical scholarship on cross-racial pairings in colonial North America and the Caribbean. The degree of tolerance for these matches, as well as the accommodation of the mixed-race children born from them, illuminates the contours and experiences of racial prejudice in this period. For many years scholars believed this to be primarily a phenomenon in Iberian colonies, and occasionally the French, with much work focusing on pairings between indigenous and European populations. However, recent scholarship has shown a greater degree of racial mixture in both the British and French colonies than once thought, even between African-descended and European groups. This is especially true when the Caribbean is added to considerations of colonial attitudes. These developments open new doors into historical understandings of colonial race relations, slavery, and family compositions.
How the Phoenix Took Wing: An Examination of the Humanities Canon as it Relates to the Psychology of Posttraumatic Growth

The investigation of posttraumatic growth as a psychological principle is giving researchers new ways to understand how it is that some people seem to thrive following events that are normally perceived as tragic and wholly negative. These survivors do not just bounce back from their tragedies; the researchers describe these people as “bouncing forward” – that is, the survivors report that their lives now are profoundly better than they were before the trauma. While the psychological research into posttraumatic growth is relatively new, the field of Humanities has conducted this same inquiry for several thousand years. For example, Friedrich Nietzsche wrote, “That which does not kill us makes us stronger,” (3) and Mythology offers the example of the phoenix, the legendary bird that is reborn from the ashes of its prior life. A review of the scientific literature on posttraumatic growth and examples of that selfsame ideal embodied within the Humanities will show the intersection of these two domains. My goal is to identify sources within the Humanities canon that may potentially provide insight and inspiration to survivors and family members experiencing the acute phase of trauma, as well as the clinicians working with them in the recovery process. Ultimately, my research will demonstrate that the Humanities can help survivors, family members, and clinicians not only understand how to make sense of “what happened,” but provide fertile ground in which they might optimistically ask, “What’s next?”
Battery Components, Active Materials for

The active materials of a battery are the chemically active components of the two electrodes of a cell and the electrolyte between them.