cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electromigration in strapped metal layers with large dimensions for lateral power device applications

Interconnects for lateral power devices generally have multiple metal layers that are wide and thick to carry large current. Often times, these metal layers are also strapped together. In order to investigate the electromigration (EM) reliability for such metal systems, we stress an interconnect that straps three metal layers (ohmic contact metal (M0), M1, and M2) at 500 mA, 225°C; 400 mA, 225°C; and 500 mA 210°C. It shows three distinctive failure modes of early and late failures, and immortality. Massive voiding at M1 takes place with overhang effect, and voiding at M2 step turns out as the fatal failure mode. The temperature gradient over the M2 step is simulated and identified as a root cause of this failure. For the late fails, metal layer thickening and PO layer lift-up are newly observed, which are attributed to the massive force from the thickening of large dimensional M1 layer. These results provide new insights on the EM reliability of lateral power devices, contrasting to the Cu (or Al) voiding failure completely confined in the interconnect for CMOS circuits.
IntegraL: Lightweight Link-Based Integration of Heterogeneous Digital Library Collections and Services in the Deep Web

IntegraL is a digital library system demonstrating a lightweight system integration technique for digital library collections and services. Digital library systems generally require integration with minimal or no changes to their code. IntegraL users see a totally integrated environment. They use their digital library system just as before. They also see extra link anchors. Selecting one generates a list of links to relevant meta-information (structural, content-based and knowledge-sharing relationships, and metadata). IntegraL generates the vast majority of supplemental link anchors and meta-information links automatically through the use of relationship rules. This paper presents the concept of meta-information, describes the IntegraL infrastructure and architecture supported by single sign-on authentication middleware, and explains how systems can integrate into the infrastructure. This researchpsilas primary contribution is providing a relatively straightforward, sustainable infrastructure for integrating digital library collections and services.
Differential Sensitivity to Words and Shapes in Ventral Occipito-Temporal Cortex

Efficient extraction of shape information is essential for proficient reading but the role of cortical mechanisms of shape analysis in word reading is not well understood. We studied cortical responses to written words while parametrically varying the amount of visual noise applied to the word stimuli. In only a few regions along the ventral surface, cortical responses increased with word visibility. We found consistently increasing responses in bilateral posterior occipito-temporal sulcus (pOTS), at an anatomical location that closely matches the ‘‘visual word form area’’. In other cortical regions, such as V1, responses remained constant regardless of the noise level. We performed 3 additional tests to assess the functional specialization of pOTS responses for written word processing. We asked whether pOTS responses are 1) left lateralized, 2) more sensitive to words than to line drawings or false fonts, and 3) invariant for visual hemifield of words but not other stimuli. We found that left and right pOTS response functions both had highest sensitivity for words, intermediate for line drawings, and lowest for false fonts. Visual hemifield invariance was similar for words and line drawings. These results suggest that left and right pOTS are both involved in shape processing, with enhanced efficiency for processing visual word forms.
Learning to rank for information retrieval (LR4IR 2007)

The task of "learning to rank" has emerged as an active and growing area of research both in information retrieval and machine learning. The goal is to design and apply methods to automatically learn a function from training data, such that the function can sort objects (e.g., documents) according to their degrees of relevance, preference, or importance as defined in a specific application.
Nitrogen fixation amplifies the ocean biogeochemical response to decadal timescale variations in mineral dust deposition

A global ocean biogeochemical model is used to quantify the sensitivity of marine biogeochemistry and air–sea CO 2 exchange to variations in dust deposition over decadal timescales. Estimates of dust deposition generated under four climate states provide a large range in total deposition with spatially realistic patterns; transient ocean model experiments are conducted by applying a step-function change in deposition from a current climate control. Relative to current conditions, higher dust deposition increases diatom and export production, nitrogen fixation and oceanic net CO 2 uptake from the atmosphere, while reduced dust deposition has the opposite effects. Over timescales less than a decade, dust modulation of marine productivity and export is dominated by direct effects in high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions, where iron is the primary limiting nutrient. On longer timescales, an indirect nitrogen fixation pathway has increased importance, significantly amplifying the ocean biogeochemical response. Because dust iron input decouples carbon cycling from subsurface macronutrient supply, the ratio of the change in net ocean CO 2 uptake to change in export flux is large, 0.45–0.6. Decreasing dust deposition and reduced oceanic CO 2 uptake over the next century could provide a positive feedback to global warming, distinct from feedbacks associated with changes in stratification and circulation. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00209.x
Defining the Natural History of Unruptured Aneurysms

Despite advances in neurosurgical technique, neuroanesthesia, and neurocritical care and the evolution of endovascular therapy, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) continues to be associated with poor outcome in a majority of patients. The 30-day mortality rate for SAH approaches 50%,1,2 and nearly one half of survivors suffer major neurologic morbidity. These dismal outcomes are especially significant since SAH affects a younger cohort than ischemic stroke, and the impact is magnified in terms of lost quality life-years. On the basis of an annual incidence of 10/100 000, it is estimated that nearly 30 000 Americans will have an aneurysmal SAH each year.3 Although prevention of SAH would seem to be the most effective strategy for reducing morbidity,4 the optimal management of patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysms remains controversial and requires a precise assessment of the risks for various treatment strategies and accurate knowledge of the natural history of the disease process. Unfortunately, the natural history of unruptured cerebral aneurysms is poorly understood. Until recently, few systematic studies have enrolled a sufficient number of patients for follow-up, and larger retrospective population analyses2,5 were done prior to the advent of current imaging modalities. Five years ago, the first phase of the International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms (ISUIA) study provided a retrospective analysis of previously identified patients with unruptured aneurysms not receiving treatment, as well as a temporal snapshot of a cohort of patients followed prospectively over a 4-year period.6 The study reported what many considered to be remarkably low rates of aneurysm rupture (especially for aneurysms <10 mm in diameter) and a remarkably high rate of complications for surgical treatment, thus prompting a longer-term …
A Bayesian Framework for Intent Detection and Stimulation Selection in SSVEP BCIs

Currently, many Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) classifiers output point estimates of user intent which make it difficult to incorporate context prior information or assign a principled confidence measurement to a decision. We propose a Bayesian framework to extend current Steady State Visually Evoked Potential (SSVEP) classifiers to a maximum a posteriori (MAP) classifiers by using a Kernel Density Estimate (KDE) to learn the distribution of features conditioned on stimulation class. To demonstrate our framework we extend Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and Power Spectral Density (PSD) style methods. Traditionally, in either example, the class is estimated as the class associated with the maximum feature. Our framework increases performance by relaxing the assumption that a stimulation class's sample often maximizes its class-associated feature. Further, by leveraging the KDE, we present a method which estimates the performance of a classifier under different stimulation frequency sets. Using this, we optimize the selection of stimulation frequencies from those present in a training set.
Fracture strength of micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cell anode in redox cycling experiments

Abstract The maximum fracture strength of Ni/8YSZ anodes exposed to several redox cycles is compared. The anodes were fabricated using fine and coarse particle size powders. Fine-structured powders show a 77% increase in mechanical strength after exposure to three redox cycles. The coarse-structured material did not produce similar results and redox cycling resulted in gradual decrease in the mechanical stability of the supports. The impact of redox cycling on the microstructure was evaluated using SEM. Fine-structured anodes tend to agglomerate leading to decreased porosity. Coarse anodes did not show any significant changes in microstructure while exposed to redox cycling. The electrochemical performance evaluated under load conditions, and after the first redox cycle, indicates a 40% improvement for the cell fabricated using a fine-structured anode powder. The increase in performance is believed to be due to better adhesion between the anode material and the Ni current collector. The cell fabricated using a coarse-structured anode powder did not recover after the redox cycle.
Materials processing with superposed Bessel beams

Abstract We report experimental results of femtosecond laser processing on the surface of glass and metal thin film using superposed Bessel beams. These beams are generated by a combination of a spatial light modulator (SLM) and an axicon with >50% efficiency, and they possess the long depth-of-focus (propagation-invariant) property as found in ordinary Bessel beams. Through micromachining experiments using femtosecond laser pulses, we show that multiple craters can be fabricated on glass with single-shot exposure, and the 1+(⿿1) superposed beam can reduce collateral damage caused by the rings in zero-order Bessel beams in the scribing of metal thin film.
On Jaffray’s Decision Model for Belief Functions

In this paper, two decision models for Dempster-Shafer belief functions proposed by Jaffray and Giang-Shenoy respectively are compared. Jaffray’s model is applicable for general belief function while Giang-Shenoy’s model works for the partially consonant class (pcb). Pcb has been shown by Walley as the only class that is consistent with the likelihood principle of statistics. While both models share many nice properties such as tractability, the separation of risk attitude, ambiguity attitude from ambiguity belief, they differ on important aspects. The comparison is made possible by application of both models to pcb. It is shown that due to a Hurwicz-type condition imposed on decision under ignorance, Jaffray’s approach violates the consequentialism property (analogous to the law of iterated expectation in probability theory) that is satisfied by Giang-Shenoy approach.
WEAK DECAYS OF b FLAVORED MESONS

This paper has two goals: to review the experimental study of b quark decays in e+e- collisions and to present new CLEO data reporting the observation of the B meson.
Effect of Oral Contraceptives on Antithrombin III Measurement

The effect of oral contraceptives on antithrombin 3 measurement is briefly discussed in response to an article by Peterson et al. They suggest that an inhibitor of antithrombin 3 might be responsible for the discrepancy between functional and immunologic assays. However alternative explanations are possible. The reduction in serum antithrombin 3 could be due to increased removal during specimen processing since the amount removed during clotting is not standarized and is probably dependent upon the concentration of other coagulation factors. It is possible that the immunologic method measured both free antithrombin and antithrombin-factor complexes. If so the immunologic method would over-estimate the "functional" antithrombin. Thus the discrepancy obtained by functional (serum) and immunologic methods may be due to technical problems rather than the appearance of an inhibitory substance. It is suggested that the results from a comparison of functional and immunologic levels on plasma antithrombin 3 would help clarify some of the effects found by Peterson et al.
Fanfare for the American NBC’s Prime-Time Broadcast of the 2012 London Olympiad

Previous analyses have indicated strong tendencies for a host Olympic network to favor one’s home nation through enhanced clock-time, highlighting of star athletes from one’s home country, and more nuanced and positive dialogues. Analysis of NBC’s 2012 London Summer Olympic broadcast revealed significant differences between American and non-American athletes. Regarding athletic mentions, American athletes were more likely to be mentioned (55.8%) than all other athletes combined and composed 75% of the most-mentioned athletes within the broadcast. Regarding descriptions ascribed to the Olympians, American athletes were more likely to be depicted using subjective characterizations, disproportionately having their successes attributed to superior composure, commitment, intelligence, and consonance as well as having a greater level of comments pertaining to their modest/introverted nature. Conversely, non-American athletes were more likely to receive success attributions related to their superior experience a...
Permanent catheterization of the jugular vein and hepatic portal vein in rats and its application

A permanent catheterization of the jugular vein and the hepatic portal vein in rats is described. The rat was anesthetized with pentobarbital (25 mg/kg, ip) during surgery. The catheterization of the jugular vein was performed in a similar way as Upton's method (1975). The catheterization of the portal vein was established at the author's lab. The peritoneal cavity was opened via a midline incision. The pyloric vein was exposed. A silicone tubing (0.28 mm I.D., 0.61 mm O.D.) filled with heparinized saline was inserted into the pyloric vein towards the portal vein and secured by sutures. The abdominal opening was closed, allowing for the catheter to be brought under the skin and exposed at the back of the animal. The tubing was plugged. Rats were housed individually which posed no problems upon their health and activity. If daily flushings were performed, the tubings might remain functional for several weeks. Injections and blood samplings could be conveniently achieved every minute. After sampling (approximate 0.25 ml) the same volume of blood obtained from other healthy rats by heart puncture was transfused. The technique described herein was designed for pharmacokinetic and first pass metabolic studies, as well as for numerous other applications, as much for liver as for intestinal biochemistry and physiology. This technique involves a simple, rapid and less traumatic surgical procedure, requiring neither elaborate preparation nor equipment more specialized than medical-grade tubing. Dosings and samplings can be performed repeatedly in unanesthetized, unrestrained rats instantancously. The animals can be crossed over after a wash-out period.Study of the pharmacokinetics of promethazine hydrochloride was performed in catheterized rats (N=9, ⅳ 5 mg/kg). The results are as follows. T_(1/2)(α): 0.11±0.026(h), T_(1/2)(β): 1.8±0.79(h), Vc(L/kg): 2.1±0.55, CL(L/kg×h): 3.76±2.75. The first pass effects on the bioavailability of promethazine hydrochloride was also studied. Each rat received the doses (5 mg/kg) via oral, ⅳ and intraportal vein. The rats were crossed over after a 72h wash-out period. The results are as follows, AUC(ng×h)/ml: ⅳ, 1633.9±370.0, portal vein: 318.5±174.1. oral: 173.0±219.7, respectively.
Dickinson’s Expanding Readership

1858 and 1859 were crucial years for the development of Dickinson’s poetics. Poet Susan Howe says firmly, “Between 1858 and 1860 Emily Dickinson became the poet we know” (Howe My Emily 17). Critic Vivian Pollak affirms that “The poetry of Dickinson’s maturity is conventionally dated from 1858” (Pollak Historical 8). In sampling her poems from these years briefly, as we have, it seems that the great quantity of what remains calls for further discussion.
Surgery education in the USA

Surgical education in the United States historically was influenced by the German educational system. Currently residents spend five years to become general surgeons. Education focuses on the teaching of surgical basic sciences and practical instruction in the operating room and at the bedside. Students interested in General Surgery are selected largely based on their performance in medical school. Admission into first-rate programs is highly competitive. In many university-based programs residents are expected to spend an additional two years in research as part of their training. While on their clinical rotations residents usually spend 80 to 100 hours per week in the hospital. Resident salaries are moderate.
Systems Engineering Tools and Practices

In order to deal with the complexity of systems engineering designs for modern systems, formalized methods and tools have been created to allow documentation, communication, and comparison of systems and software architectures [65]. These methods and tools all focus around the creation of different drawings, each with their own set of standards, each designed to aid in the design, implementation, and manufacturing phases of overall system development, operations, and maintenance. As has been discussed throughout this textbook, the system must be defined through with a complete multidisciplinary lifecycle perspective in order to capture all of the requirements, needs, and goals of the customer. The overall objective is to develop a complete lifecycle-balanced system. As system complexities have increased over the decades, the Systems and Software Engineering tools have evolved to keep up with changing system designs (e.g., service-based systems, agile development methods, etc.) [35].
Carotid-Cavernous Fistula: A Rare but Treatable Cause of Rapidly Progressive Vision Loss

An 89-year-old woman with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, deep venous thrombosis, and atrial fibrillation presented with 4 days of right eye (OD) redness and swelling and intermittent diplopia. An ophthalmologic evaluation revealed visual acuity 20/50 OD. There was limited abduction OD, right upper and lower lid erythema and edema, and conjunctival injection. Funduscopic examination was unremarkable. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were normal. Follow-up ophthalmologic examination 2 weeks later showed visual acuity decreased to 20/70 OD with increased right orbital congestion, exophthalmos (25 mm OD and 21 mm OS [left eye]), and worsening limitation of ductions OD. A magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance angiography of her head demonstrated fusiform dilatation of the cavernous segment of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) with asymmetrical enhancement of the right cavernous sinus and an enlarged right superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) consistent with arterialized flow from a carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF). The patient was urgently referred to neuro-interventional radiology for diagnostic angiography and embolization of the CCF. The cerebral angiogram showed a right direct (Barrow type A) CCF, with rapid enhancement of the right cavernous sinus and right SOV. A 7-mm fusiform aneurysm of the right cavernous ICA was found to be the likely cause of the CCF (Figure 1A). Transarterial access of the fistula for coil embolization was unsuccessful. Figure 1. A , Pretreatment digital subtraction angiography, lateral magnified view, right common carotid artery injection, showing early, rapid opacification of the right cavernous sinus (black arrow) and right superior ophthalmic vein (white arrows) consistent with a direct carotid-cavernous fistula. There is also fusiform dilatation of the cavernous right internal carotid artery representing dysplasia with an aneurysm. B , Photograph showing the direct access provided to the right superior ophthalmic vein for coil embolization. C , …
Impact of Radio Frequency Identification Technology on Environmental Sustainability

ABSTRACTThis study is the first empirical investigation of the impact of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology utilization on a manufacturing organization’s ability to implement environmental sustainability practices and the organization’s level of environmental performance. The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationships among RFID technology utilization, environmental sustainability practices, and environmental performance. A structural model depicting the impact (direct and indirect through green supply chain management practices) on environmental performance is theorized. The efficacy of the model is assessed using a Partial-Least-Squares structural equation modeling methodology based on data from a sample of manufacturing managers. The results suggest that RFID technology utilization is positively associated with green supply chain management practices and environmental performance. This study contributes to the understanding of the impact of a specific technology, RFID, on en...
Genomic Approaches to Understanding Response and Resistance to Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy has led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of some malignancies, providing long-term, durable responses for patients with advanced cancers. However, such therapy has benefited only a subset of patients, with some patients failing to respond to treatment at all and others achieving a limited response followed by tumor progression. Understanding factors contributing to an effective response and further elucidating mechanisms of resistance will be crucial as these therapies are applied more broadly. Genomics-based approaches have significantly advanced the study of response and resistance to immunotherapy in general, and to immune checkpoint blockade more specifically. Here, we review how genomic and transcriptomic approaches have identified both somatic and germline positive correlates of response, including high mutational/neoantigen load and low intratumoral heterogeneity, among others. The genomic analysis of resistant tumors has additionally identified crucial factors involved in resistance to immune checkpoint blockade, including loss of PTEN and upregulation of other immune checkpoints. Overall, the continued use of genomic techniques at the point of care, combined with appropriate functional studies, would ideally lead to a better understanding of why certain patients respond to immune-based therapies, allowing clinicians to identify the subset of patients likely to benefit from such therapy, and potentially providing insight into how other therapies may be added in combination to increase the number of patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5642-50. ©2016 AACR.
A large-scale study of PHEV charging

Addressing challenges related to transportation electrification and grid integration of electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), this paper presents results from a large-scale study of real-world PHEV driving and charging patterns. The dataset is based on over 100 PHEVs deployed in various scenarios across the U.S., including more than 39,500 driving trips, over 700,000 km driving distance, and over 7,400 charging events. Data analysis results indicate suboptimal utilization of PHEVs due to insufficient charging. Implications of PHEV proliferation on the power grid both in terms of power demand and the need for charging infrastructure are examined, highlighting the importance of user-vehicle-grid interactions.
Depression or Diabetes Distress

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to summarize the need for improved recognition of depression versus diabetes distress and discuss recommendations for appropriate screening tools. Practice implications In order to assess for both depression and diabetes distress, a combined approach of using both the WHO-5 and the PAID-20 is a simple and reliable method for detecting depression and assisting in determining the focus of specific aspects of diabetes management based on the patient's reported depressive symptoms. Conclusions Routine screening for depression and diabetes distress is essential for improving quality of life and reducing healthcare cost in patients with diabetes.
Motivation and Job Satisfaction: A Study of Pharmacists in Private Hospitals

This survey based descriptive research has been undertaken in Tirunelveli city, Tamilnadu with the objectives of examining the relationship between motivations related factors and job satisfaction of the pharmacists. The job satisfaction have been analysed under two main variables namely organization structure and policy related factors and pharmacist' specific factors. The study has sampled sixty pharmacists qualified with Diploma in Pharmacy and Bachelor in Pharmacy courses and working in private multi speciality hospitals using judgement sampling technique. The primary data have been collected using structured questionnaire and the secondary data have been collected from journals, thesis and websites. Percentage analysis, weighted average methods, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation have been administered to analyse the data. The result of the study has proved that majority of the respondents were highly dissatisfied with almost all factors examined under the dimensions of organization structure and policy related factors as well as pharmacists' specific factors.
Characterizing and Modeling Linguistic Style in Dialogue for Intelligent Social Agents

With increasing interest in the development of intelligent agents capable of learning, proficiently automating tasks, and gaining world knowledge, the importance of integrating the ability to converse naturally with users is more crucial now than ever before. This thesis aims to understand and characterize different aspects of social language to facilitate the development of intelligent agents that are socially aware and able to engage users to a level that was not previously possible with language generation systems. Using various machine learning algorithms and data-driven approaches to model the nuances of social language in dialogue, such as factual and emotional expression, sarcasm and humor and the related subclasses of rhetorical questions and hyperbole, we can come closer to modeling the characteristics of the social language that allows us to express emotion and knowledge, and thereby exhibit these styles in the agents we develop.
A Critical Analysis of the Co-dependence Construct

Co-dependence is a diagnostic term that has gained increasing usage in clinical and self-help settings. While it is used to encompass a broad range of clinical phenomena, it generally refers to an identity, particularly common among women, based on caretaking and excessive responsibility for others. This paper explores the clinical implications of the co-dependence construct from both social-psychological and psychodynamic perspectives.
Hypervisors: Preventing hypervisor-based rootkits with trusted execution technology

Virtualisation is not a new technology, but has experienced a resurgence of interest among industry and academic researchers over the last decade. New products and technologies are emerging quickly, and are being deployed with little considerations to security concerns. With the enhancement of hardware support for virtualisation in modern platforms, new opportunities and applications for virtualisation emerged. Malware authors have quickly adapted and developed new types of rootkits to exploit virtualisation functionality for their own purposes. This has lead to the creation of a new generation of stealthy malware. Security of virtualisation is based on the isolation properties provided by the hypervisor. Researchers from Hewlett-Packard Systems Security Lab explore the risks and possibilities of cutting edge hardware virtualisation support, and discuss the concept of trusting a hypervisor and its enforcement mechanisms. Virtualisation offers many benefits for data centres, developers as well as consumers. In data centres, virtualisation can help to increase utilisation of previously under-utilised servers, hence reducing operational cost. For developers and on the client side it can provide an easy try out feature for complex software, such as kernel development, unfamiliar operating systems, or even new application delivery models such as virtual appliances.
Temperature segregation and its impact on the quality and performance of asphalt pavements

Temperature segregation is non-uniform temperature distribution across the uncompacted asphalt mat during paving operations and may have detrimental effects on the quality and performance of asphalt pavements. However, many research studies conducted across the US have reported mixed observations regarding its effects on the initial quality and long-term performance of asphalt pavements. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the temperature segregation on the density and mechanical properties of Louisiana asphalt mixtures. Seven asphalt rehabilitation projects across Louisiana were selected. A multisensor infrared bar (Pave-IR) system and a hand-held portable thermal camera were used to measure the temperature of asphalt mats. Field core samples were collected from various areas with varying severity levels of temperature segregation and tested for the density, fracture resistance (Jc) by semi-circular bending (SCB), rut depth by wheel tracking, and dynamic modulus (|E*|) by indirect tension (IDT) devices. Two distinctive patterns of non-uniform temperature distribution were observed: a cyclic and irregular temperature segregations. Laboratory test results showed that highly temperature segregated asphalt pavements (i.e., temperature differentials ≥41.7°C) can have significantly lower densities and the mechanical properties than the non-segregated area, especially when the temperature differentials are measured at compaction.
Basic MRI for the liver oncologists and surgeons

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for liver imaging due to its superior contrast resolution in comparison with computer tomography and the ability to provide both morphologic and physiologic information. The physics of MR are complex, and a detailed understanding is not required to appreciate findings on an MRI exam. Here, we attempt to introduce the basic principles of MRI with respect to hepatic imaging focusing on various commonly encountered hepatic diseases. The purpose is to facilitate an appreciation of the various diagnostic capabilities of MR among hepatic oncologists and surgeons and to foster an understanding of when MR studies may be appropriate in the care of their patients.
Preparing masters’ students for social work practice: the perspective of field instructors

In the United States, successful field placement is increasingly challenging as educators strive to meet the needs of agencies as well as students. Field instructors, whose supervisory role is crit...
From the Long Arm of the State to Eyes on the Street: How Poor African American Mothers Navigate Surveillance in the Social Safety Net:

Drawing on interviews and ethnographic observation, this article examines how poor African American mothers in Houston, Texas, experience seeking help from the safety net, focusing on mothers’ perc...
Fatigue Behavior of Ceramics Under Static and Cyclic Loading

Fatigue behavior of ceramic materials, specifically that of an alumina, was studied at both room and high temperatures. Stress-life curves demonstrate reduced lifetime in cyclic relative to static loading at room temperature. Cyclic loading at high temperature with a high frequency and a short duration of maximum stress provided a beneficial effect on failure time in comparison to static loading. Failure time for cyclic loading at high temperatures with a longer hold time at maximum stress was comparable with that in static loading. Microstructural analysis suggests that cyclic fatigue mechanisms at both room and high temperatures may invoke the activities behind the crack tip.
Nasal cannula technique for ventilating during the administration of general anesthesia in neonates and pediatric patients

ABSTRACT Objective: Minor surgeries on the oral cavity, e.g., frenulectomies, are often performed under general mask anesthesia. The objective is to present the nasal cannula technique for ventilat...
Harm-reduction and zero-tolerance maternal messages about college alcohol use.

Abstract Past cross-sectional research suggests that zero-tolerance messaging by parents of college students may be more effective than harm-reduction communication at reducing student alcohol risk. The current study employs longitudinal data to examine whether communication type interacts with student alcohol use to predict subsequent drinking outcomes. U.S. college students reported on their own exposure to zero-tolerance and harm-reduction maternal communication. Approximately seven months later, students completed measures of maternal alcohol approval and their own alcohol behaviors. The relationship between communication and subsequent alcohol behaviors depended on students' baseline drinking. For heavy drinkers, harm-reduction communication was associated with less alcohol use and consequences. For those who drank less than two drinks a week, zero-tolerance communication was associated with fewer negative consequences. Zero-tolerance communication was associated with perceiving mothers as less approving, while harm reduction communication was associated with perceiving mothers as more approving. There were indirect effects of communication on drinking through perceived maternal approval. While overall harm-reduction communication may lead students to perceive mothers as more approving of alcohol use, there may be contexts in which this type of communication is beneficial.
Effect of Parental Corporal Punishment on Endorsement of Its Use: Moderated Mediation by Parent Gender and Attitudes Toward Corporal Punishment.

Previous research has examined the factors that place an individual at a risk of using harsh discipline on children. Chief among these predictors is an individual’s own experience of corporal punis...
Near-Infrared Fluorescent Rosol Dye Tailored toward Lymphatic Mapping Applications.

An optical molecular imaging contrast agent that is tailored toward lymphatic mapping techniques implementing near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence image-guided navigation in the planning and surgical t...
Rho-Associated Kinase Inhibitors: Evolving Strategies in Glaucoma Treatment

Glaucoma, a group of progressive optic neuropathies with similar patterns of tissue loss, is primarily treated with medical therapy, followed by laser therapy and, later, incisional surgery. Aside from the introduction of prostaglandin analogs, topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and topical alpha-agonists in the 1990s, no new pharmaceutical agents to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) have been introduced for approximately 20 years. The Rho kinase inhibitors represent a new class of glaucoma medications that inhibit the downstream pathway of the Rho family of small G-proteins to increase outflow from the conventional (trabecular) outflow pathway in the eye. Several of these Rho kinase inhibitors, ripasudil and netarsudil, have recently reached the market and are used in clinical practice in several countries. A fixed-dose combination of latanoprost and netarsudil was also very recently approved (2019) by the US FDA. Several other novel agents are undergoing clinical trials. These drugs are poised to act as adjuncts to already established medical therapy for further lowering of IOP in the treatment of glaucoma.
Bridging Race + IP: The Challenges and Potential of Utilizing Transdisciplinary Methods to Undo the Unbearable Whiteness of Intellectual Property

In this book chapter, we engage the storytelling methodology that Derrick Bell, Richard Delgado and other critical race theorists use to explore the concepts of interdisciplinarity and intersectionality and take up critical race theory, ethnic studies, and race studies as potential lenses for inquiry in this space. In so doing, we suggest that the law & economics frame which predominates in doctrinal intellectual property scholarship is insufficient to the task of rendering transparent the racial investments in intellectual property law. Our aim is to suggest ways scholars interested in the field might go about framing research questions, structuring research plans, and engaging existing work in the field.
Factors associated with bone microstructural alterations assessed by HR-pQCT in long-term HIV-infected individuals

Abstract Purpose In adults with long-term HIV infection, low bone density and increased fracture risk have emerged as significant comorbidities. Our aim was to assess the association of exercise, nutrition, and medications with bone quality in adults with long-term HIV infection. Methods Forty-three adults with HIV infection were enrolled (median BMI 25.7, range 18.2–35.6 kg/m2; median age 57, range 50–69 years). Participants underwent ultradistal radius and tibia high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT). Questionnaires included the revised Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS), the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) as well as medication assessments. Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate the association of exercise, nutritional status, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and protease inhibitor (PI) use with bone density and microstructure, adjusting for demographic risk factors. Results In regression models, higher nutrition scores were associated with higher tibia cortical thickness (R2 = 0.23; β = 0.03; p = 0.044) and higher radius cortical BMD (R2 = 0.43; β = 8.4; p = 0.026). Higher weekly frequency of all physical activities was significantly associated with higher radius trabecular BMD (R2 = 0.38; β = 0.96; p = 0.050), higher radius trabecular number (R2 = 0.31; β = 0.01; p = 0.026), lower tibia and radius trabecular separation (tibia: R2 = 0.30; β = −0.003; p = 0.038; radius: R2 = 0.35; β = −0.003; p = 0.021), and higher radius bone stiffness (R2 = 0.45; β = 0.38; p = 0.047). Higher frequency of bone loading physical activities was significantly associated with higher tibia trabecular density (R2 = 0.44; β = 4.06; p = 0.036), higher tibia bone stiffness (R2 = 0.46; β = 3.06; p = 0.050), and higher tibia estimated failure load (R2 = 0.46; β = 0.17; p = 0.049). TDF used in combination with a PI was associated with lower radius trabecular BMD (R2 = 0.39; β = −41.2; p = 0.042), lower radius trabecular number (R2 = 0.34; β = −0.44; p = 0.009) and greater radius trabecular separation (R2 = 0.42; β = 0.16; p = 0.002), while TDF use without a PI was not associated with reduced bone quality. Conclusions In adults with HIV infection, malnutrition is associated with poor cortical bone quality, while reduced frequency of physical activities and specifically reduced frequency of mechanical loading activities are associated with deficient trabecular bone structure and reduced estimates of bone strength. TDF use in combination with a PI is associated with deleterious effects on trabecular bone structure.
Active route planning for active diesel particulate filter regeneration

The vehicle route choice has great impact on the vehicle operating conditions, but it has rarely been used as a way to create desired vehicle operation and benefit automotive control. This paper pr...
Heritable Susceptibility to Breast Cancer among African-American Women in the Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors Study.

Background: African-American women have high rates of breast cancer associated with hereditary features. However, no studies have reported the prevalence of inherited variation across all genes known to be breast cancer risk factors among African-American patients with breast cancer not selected for high-risk characteristics. Methods: We evaluated 182 African-American women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in metropolitan Detroit via targeted capture and multiplex sequencing of 13 well-established breast cancer risk genes and five suggested breast cancer risk genes. Results: We identified 24 pathogenic variants in 23 women [12.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 8.2%–18.4%] and five genes (BRCA2, BRCA1, ATM, RAD50, CDH1). BRCA1 and BRCA2 accounted for 58.3% of all pathogenic variants. An additional six pathogenic variants were found in suggested breast cancer risk genes (MSH6, MUTYH, NF1, BRIP1). Conclusions: The prevalence of germline pathogenic variants is relatively high among African-American patients with breast cancer unselected for high-risk characteristics across a broad spectrum of genes. Impact: This study helps to define the genomic landscape of breast cancer susceptibility in African-American women who could benefit from enhanced surveillance and screening.
Gray-Scale Inversion on High Resolution Computed Tomography of the Temporal Bone: An Observational Study.

Objectives:This is a qualitative study to explore the utility of gray-scale inversion or the “invert” function of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans in the diagnosis of temporal bone ...
Ultrasonic imaging in solids using time reversal operator and coherent matched-field processing

This paper presents a new approach in ultrasonic imaging of solids using ultrasonic Synthetic Aperture Focus Technique (SAFT) with primary applications to the Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of materials and structures. Specifically, the study utilizes Matched-Field Processing (MFP) techniques that exploit the spatial structures of the ultrasonic fields for detection and localization of scatters in the medium. Coherent-broadband MFP is compared to narrowband processing using both conventional time-delay beamformers and the Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) beamformers. The decomposition of the time reversal operator (D.O.R.T.) method for active sensing is applied in the eigenmode decomposition of the MFP covariance matrix. The correlation between the scatters and the eigenvectors is studied in both narrowband and broadband MFP beamforming. This study also proposes an improvement in modeling the propagating waves in MFP beamforming. Specifically, the displacement structure of the longitudinal mode is considered in the array reception. Experimental testing demonstrates the ability of the DORT method to successfully separate multiple scatters in the test medium.
Is career guidance sending the right message about accounting work? Comparing accounting with competing professions

Using U.S. Department of Labor O*NET occupation data, we test hypotheses, developed primarily from the occupational models upon which the American College Testing’s (ACT) Profile career guidance is...
Blood glucose monitoring (BGM) still matters for many: Associations of BGM frequency and glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes.

Abstract Aims This study aimed to compare three approaches of blood glucose monitoring (BGM) frequency attainment and to examine their associations with glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods Cross-sectional data was derived from the baseline assessment in three clinical trials. Clinical and demographic characteristics of youth with T1D was obtained by chart review. BGM frequency was assessed by parent-youth interview, chart review, and meter downloads. To examine the relationship between A1c and frequency of BGM we performed analysis of variance. Results In youth with T1D (N = 385, 50% female, age 13.6 ± 2.5 years, 74% pump users), the 3 methods of assessing BGM frequency were significantly correlated. Frequency by self-report (6.4 ± 2.3 times/day) was significantly higher than both meter download (5.6 ± 2.4 times/day, p Conclusion BGM remains a potent predictor of glycemic control, warranting continued targeting in clinical efforts to improve glycemic management in youth with T1D.
Geographies of Energy—A Course in Sociotechnical Decision Making

Energy plays an increasingly vital role in society where questions around technologies, economics, quality of life, and policies are debated. The link of nuclear energy with the social sciences all...
S-glutathionylation of Epithelial Sodium Channels in Neonatal Mouse Lung Regulates Alveolar Fluid Clearance in vivo

Hyperoxia causes oxidative stress and leads to a positive shift in the GSH/GSSG redox potential (Eh) in the lung. We hypothesize that an increase in the concentration of GSSG can post-translational...
LIGAND SUBSTITUTION ON HRu3(μ-NC5H3CO2Me)(CO)10 AND H2Ru3(μ-NC5H3CO2Me)2(CO)8. CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF (μ-H)Ru3(μ-η2-NC5H3CO2Me)(CO)9(PPh3)AND (μ-H)2Ru3(μ-η2-NC5H3CO2Me)2(CO)7(PPh3)∗

Abstract Clusters of the series HRu3(μ-NC5H3CO2Me)(CO)10-n (PPh3) n (n = 0, 1) and H2Ru3(μ-NC5H3CO2Me)2(CO)8-n (PPh3) n (n = 0, 1) have been prepared. X-ray crystallographic studies of HRu3(μ-NC5H3-5-CO2Me)(CO)9(PPh3) and H2Ru3(μ-NC5H3-5-CO2Me)2(CO)7(PPh3) have been performed. The regiochemistry of PPh3 substitution in both is consistent with greater cis labilization by the N-donor atom compared with the C-donor atom of the nicotinyl ligand. The monohydrido-methyl nicotinate derivative. (μ-H)Ru3(μ-η2-NC5H3CO2Me)(CO)9(PPh3), crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca (No. 61) with a = 22.891(3), b = 12.641(1), c = 24.694(3)A, V = 7145.6(14)A3 and Z = 8. The structure was solved and refined to R = 2.60% for 2191 data with |F 0|  6[sgrave](F 0). The Ru3 triangle has interatomic distances (in increasing order) of Ru(l)-Ru(3) = 2.854(l). Ru(2)-Ru(3) = 2.861(l) and Ru(l)-Ru(2) = 2.910(1)A. The nicotinate ligand bridges the cluster through axial sites on Ru(l) and Ru(2), with Ru(l)-N(l) = 2.136(6) A and ...
Secure degrees of freedom of N ×N ×M wiretap channel with a K-antenna cooperative jammer

The secure degrees of freedom (s.d.o.f.) of a multiantenna Gaussian wiretap channel with N antennas at the transmitter and receiver and an arbitrary number of antennas, M, at the wiretapper is characterized when a multiantenna cooperative jammer (CJ) is available as a helper. This generalizes our previous result that assumed the same number of antennas at the eavesdropper as the legitimate parties. In particular, for arbitrary values of N andM, the s.d.o.f. is derived for all possible values of the number of antenna at the CJ, K. The achievability is based on a variety of signalling, beamforming, and alignment techniques which vary according to the value of K, whether M is larger than, smaller than, or equal to N, and whether the s.d.o.f. is integer valued or not an integer. The converse is based on combining an upper bound for the s.d.o.f. which allows for cooperation between the transmitter and CJ and holds for some values of K, with another upper bound which exploits the secrecy and reliability constraints and holds for other values of K.