cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Natural causes and rates of early larval mortality in gypsy moths (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) sampled from field populations in different density states

There was significant variation in early survival among gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), populations across the northeastern United States. The test individuals were collected as new eggs from field populations representing 5 regions, which differed in their history of gypsy moth establishment. Within each region, 2 populations were sampled: one in the building phase and the other in the outbreak phase of the gypsy moth population density cycle. We measured hatch success and incidence of early death (up to day 12 after feeding initiation) and identified the cause of death (viral, fungal, or poor quality). These data were used to test the following 2 hypotheses: (1) young larvae from high density populations experience greater mortality because of disease and poor quality than those from building populations, and (2) early stage survival is greater at the leading edge of gypsy moth range expansion than in populations from established regions. We found that mortality patterns differed in relation to density of the sampled population: populations in the outbreak stage were of poorer quality, showing lower hatch success and higher mortality among hatchlings. Mortality caused by a nucleopolyhedrosis virus was greatest among neonates from outbreak populations relative to neighboring building populations in all regions where there was no history of Entomophaga maimaiga (Humber) fungal infection. Despite the presence of E. maimaiga infection in field populations of several regions before the egg laying period, there was no evidence of infection by the fungus E. maimaiga in neonates hatched from any field collected egg masses. In neonates who were collected as eggs from populations with a history of E. maimaiga infection, the virus was curiously absent, despite its characteristic presence in building and outbreak populations and usual role in ending an outbreak. These results suggest that it is important to determine whether this fungus interferes with replication and transmission of the virus and inadvertently prevents the initiation or development of a viral epizootic. Finally, regions with the longest history of gypsy moth establishment had lower overall early survival. However, this relationship may be confounded by the presence of the new fungal microbe, E. maimaiga , in the 2 regions of oldest establishment. In these 2 regions, 48% of the egg masses had very poor hatch compared with 9% for the other 3 regions. But, if only post-hatch survival is considered, there was no relationship between early stage mortality and time after gypsy moth establishment in a region.
Awareness of knowledge on HIV/AIDS among migrant workers at construction sites in earth quake-stricken areas of Shifang,Sichuan

Objective To investigate awareness of HIV/AIDS related knowledge among migrant workers at construction sites in earthquake-stricken area of Shifang,Sichuan,to provide scientific evidence for publicity of AIDS prevention knowledge among them and improve their awareness and ability of self-protection.Methods Migrant workers were randomly selected from four large-scale construction sites in Shifang for face-to-face questionnaire survey and data were analyzed with SPSS version 13.0 software. Results Overall awareness of HIV/AIDS related knowledge was 53.1 percent among migrant workers,the best (84.4%) in knowledge about HIV can be transmitted by sharing syringe and needle with others and by blood or blood products,and the poorest (30.1%) in that about HIV can not be transmit by mosquito stings. Conclusion Awareness of AIDS related knowledge was still poor among migrant workers. It is necessary to develop publicity and education on HIV/AIDS for them to improve their related knowledge.
Congenital agenesis of inferior vena cava as a rare cause of deep vein thrombosis: Case report and review of the literature

Inferior vena cava agenesis (IVCA) is an uncommon cause of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). We report the case of a 26-year-old Caucasian female with unilateral iliofemoral DVT. On further evaluation, CT abdomen revealed diminutive inferior vena cava consistent with IVCA. We have used systemic anticoagulation and catheter mediated thrombolysis with success in this case. Physicians should suspect IVCA in patients with extensive DVT especially in younger individuals.
Singular Integrals on Morrey Spaces

Here we want to consider the action of the Calderon-Zygmund singular integrals on the Morrey Spaces. This has a brief history, namely due to Stampacchia and later Peetre. What was known up to 1969 is summarized in the paper [Pe1]. But their approach was really one via interpolation: knowing that the singular operator T maps L p → L p for different p (and λ = n), allows that T then maps an L p for an intermediate p into \(L^{p,\lambda },\;\lambda = \frac{p} {p_{0}} n(1-\theta ) + \frac{p} {p_{1}} n\theta\). But one thing he could not do was have Lp, λ in the domain space. Later in Chapter 11, we will remove this restriction, but there are some relevant counterexamples that need to be addressed.
Phase II trial of oxaliplatin and gemcitabine in patients with malignant pleural or peritoneal mesothelioma

19086 Background: The combination of oxaliplatin (OX) and gemcitabine (GEM) is reportedly active in previously untreated pts with mesothelioma (Schutte et al., Clinical Lung Cancer 2003; 4:294). Th...
Analytical model for luminescence enhancement by metal nanoparticles

We report a simple yet rigorous analytical model that adequately describes the luminescence enhancement of optical emitters that are placed in the vicinity of metal nanoparticles of sub-wavelength dimensions. Using the example of Au nanospheres embedded in the GaN dielectric, we show that enhancement depends strongly on the original radiative efficiency of the emitter, the nanoparticle size, and the separation between the emitter and metal nanosphere. We demonstrate that strong enhancement favors the closely spaced emitters and metal nanospheres, but putting them too close to each other does not always produce additional enhancement. Thus our model provides analytical treatment of the luminescence quenching and can be used to optimize both nanoparticle size and its separation from the emitter to yield maximum enhancement factor.
Yiddish Blends with a Slavic Element

(1955). Yiddish Blends with a Slavic Element. WORD: Vol. 11, Slavic Word No. 4, pp. 603-610.
Fingers in the Dike

This chapter discusses the policy actions taken by the US Treasury and by the Fed to prevent the recession from turning into a major depression, similar to the one we had in the 1930s. It examines the support provided to Bear Sterns and to AIG and discusses the failure to bail out Lehman, which some have questioned. It looks at the assistance provided to Freddy Mac and Fanny Mae and also outlines the key actions taken to boost effective demand in general and to help the auto industry, which faced the prospect of bankruptcy during the recession. It also discusses monetary policy, including the various phases of quantitative easing, during the Great Recession and its aftermath.
Shield-like upper mantle structure inferred from long-period Rayleigh- and Love-wave dispersion investigations in the Middle East and southeast Asia

abstract Rayleigh- and Love-wave fundamental-mode group and phase velocities between World Wide Standard Seismograph Network Stations at Chiengmai, Thailand; New Delhi, India; Shiraz, Iran; and Helwan, United Arab Republic, have been obtained from data generated by an earthquake near the New Hebrides Islands. This epicenter and these seismic stations lie practically on one great circle path, the epicenter-to-station directions being confined to the narrow azimuthal window from 294.40° to 297.57°. Application of improved frequency-time analysis to carefully selected subsets of these data makes it possible to obtain results for periods extending to several minutes. The “impulse response” method is introduced for the estimation of interstation dispersion. This method is superior to the usual cross-correlogram method because spectral amplitudes are equalized to a greater degree. These interstation Rayleigh- and Love-wave group- and phase-velocity results are consistent with shield-like upper mantle velocity models. A shear-wave upper mantle low-velocity zone is inferred for the region studied. The observed data support extension of the Indian shield beneath the thick sedimentary cover of the Indogangetic plains.
Endocannabinoid Interaction with Human FABP1: Impact of the T94A Variant.

Using recombinant human wild-type fatty acid binding protein 1 (WT FABP1 T94T) and a variant (FABP1 T94A) protein, fluorescence binding assays, and circular dichroism, it was shown for the first time that WT FABP1 and the T94A variant each have a single, relatively hydrophobic site for binding fluorescent NBD-labeled analogues of N-arachidonoylethanolamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol with high affinity. Most native N-acylethanolamides (NAEs) but only one 2-monoacylglycerol [i.e., 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)] displaced WT FABP1-bound fluorescently labeled endocannabinoids (ECs). While the T94A variant did not differ in affinity for AEA and most other NAEs, it exhibited a modestly higher affinity for OEA, as well as a higher affinity for 2-AG. Binding of AEA and 2-AG altered WT FABP1’s secondary structure more extensively than any other previously examined ligand did. The T94A variant without a ligand was more susceptible to temperature-induced unfolding. While the T94A variant was much less sensitive to l...
Child health psychology.

Contents: Preface. Introduction. Section I: Prevention and Lifestyle. D.K. Routh, Prevention and Life Style in Child Health Psychology. M. Roberts, D. Fanurik, Rewarding Elementary School Children for Their Use of Safety Belts. B.W. Tuckman, J.S. Hinkle, An Experimental Study of the Physical and Psychological Effects of Aerobic Exercise on School Children. J. Michela, I. Contento, Cognitive, Motivational, Social, and Environmental Influences on Children's Food Choices. L.A. Epstein, R. Koeske, R.R. Wing, A. Valoski, The Effect of Family Variables on Child Weight Change. Section II: Personality and Emotional Behavior. K.A. Matthews, Personality and Emotional Behavior. D.R. Southard, T.J. Coates, K. Kolodner, F.C. Parker, N.E. Padgett, H.L. Kennedy, Relationship Between Mood and Blood Pressure the Natural Environment: An Adolescent Population. T.A. Wills, Stress and Coping in Early Adolescence: Relationships to Substance Use in Urban School Samples. D.M. Murray, K. A. Matthews, S.M. Blake, R.J. Prineas, R.F. Gillum, Type A Behavior in Children: Demographic, Behavioral, and Physiological Correlates. K.A. Matthews, C.M. Stoney, C.J. Rakaczky, W. Jamison, Family Characteristics and School Achievements of Type A Children. Section III: Developmental Aspects of Illness Perception. D. Burbach, L. Peterson, Children's Concepts of Physical Illness: A Review and Critique of the Cognitive Developmental Literature. Section IV: Perspectives on Acute Illness in Children. B.G. Melamed, Current Approaches to Hospital Preparation. T. Zastowny, D. Kirschenbaum, A. Meng, Coping Skills Training for Children: Effects on Distress Before, During, and After Hospitalization. L. Dahlquist, K. Gil, F.D. Armstrong, D. DeLawyer, P. Greene, D. Wuori, Preparing Children for Medical Examinations: The Importance of Previous Medical Experience. J.P. Bush, B.G. Melamed, P.E. Greenbaum, P.L. Sheras, Mother- Child Patterns of Coping with Anticipatory Medical Stress. L. Peterson, S.M. Toler, An Information Seeking Disposition in Child Surgery Patients. Section V: Perspectives on Chronic Health Problems of Children. B. Stabler, Perspectives on Chronic Childhood Illness. S. Hauser, A. Jacobson, D. Wertlieb, B. Weiss-Perry, D. Follansbee, J. Wolsdorf, R. Herskowitz, J. Houlihan, Children With Recently- Diagnosed Diabetes: Interactions Within Their Families. S.L. Hanson, J.W. Pichert, Perceived Stress and Diabetes Control in Adolescents. S.B. Johnson, J. Silverstein, A. Rosenbloom, R. Carter, W. Cunningham, Assessing Daily Management in Childhood Diabetes. G. Geffken, S. Johnson, D. Walker, Behavioral Interventions for Childhood Nocturnal Enuresis: The Differential Effect of Bladder Capacity on Treatment Progress and Outcome. D. Czajkowski, G. Koocher, Predicting Medical Compliance Among Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis.
The Kinetic Theory of Simple Reacting Spheres: I. Global Existence Result in a Dilute-Gas Case

Existence of global-in-time, spatially inhomogeneous, and L 1-renormalized solutions is proven for the model of simple reacting spheres under the assumptions that initially the system has a finite total mass, energy, and entropy.
Lost in translation: dysregulation of cap-dependent translation and cancer.

Abstract Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3′ kinase-Akt pathway has long been associated with malignant transformation and antiapoptotic signaling. Mutations downstream of Akt that activate the TOR kinase are found in tumor-prone syndromes, while overexpression of translation initiation complex components, such as eIF4E, occurs frequently in human cancer. However, direct roles for TOR signaling or eIF4E overexpression, in the genesis of cancer, have been lacking. Recent papers, including one by Avdulov et al. (2004) in this issue of Cancer Cell , clearly establish that dysregulation of cap-dependent translation confers malignant characteristics and induces cancer by suppressing apoptosis, underscoring the potential of therapeutics that selectively target the Akt-TOR-eIF4E pathway.
X-ray diffraction and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of mammalian stratum corneum lipid domains.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the application of X-ray diffraction and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to elucidate the structure and organization of the lipid-enriched cellular peripheral domains of the stratum corneum. The two techniques provide confirmatory and complementary information about structure and physical properties on a molecular level. Traditionally, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is widely used to obtain information about the heat-induced phase changes in biological membranes, but it must be emphasized that calorimetry does not probe membrane structure. EPR has provided information about the stratum corneum that is both parallel and complementary to information provided by X-ray diffraction. Both techniques provide information on a molecular level about temperature-dependent phase behavior that correlates with DSC determinations. However, X-ray diffraction provides more direct information about structure, whereas EPR provides more direct information about the physical properties of membranes, including polarity, microviscosity, and phase transitions.
Progress in Stockholm talks

The multilateral Conference on Disarmament in Europe, which has focused on confidence- and security-building measures to reduce the risk of war, may be on the verge of reaching an accord.
The Asymptotic Validity of Quadratic Utility as the Trading Interval Approaches Zero

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a set of weak conditions with respect to utility and probability distributions such that expected utility converges toward quadratic utility in the limit. Few restrictions are required on the probability distribution; essentially, it is sufficient if the third (absolute) moment vanishes at a faster rate than the first two moments, and moments of order 4 and higher need not be finite. In the chapter, aside from differentiability conditions, a few assumptions are presented about utility. A not surprising result, therefore, is that quadratic utility is in general valid asymptotically whenever utility is negative exponential, power, logarithmic, and some obvious extensions of such functions. The chapter presents the derivations of compactness properties of the log-normal distribution based on the assumption that expected growth rates and variance of growth rates of the individual assets are linear in time.
Metabolic fingerprints of Serratia liquefaciens under simulated Martian conditions using Biolog GN2 microarrays

Microorganisms growing at atmospheric pressures of 0.7 kPa may have a significant impact on the search for life on Mars. Data on their nutrient requirements in a simulated Martian environment are required to ascertain both the potential risk of forward contamination and the potential of past or present habitability of Mars. Serratia liquefaciens can grow at concomitant conditions of low pressure, low temperature, and anoxic atmosphere. Changes in the metabolic fingerprint of S. liquefaciens grown under varying physical conditions including diverse atmospheric pressures (0.7 kPa to 101.3 kPa), temperatures (30 °C or 0 °C), and atmospheric gas compositions (Earth or CO2) were investigated using Biolog GN2 assays. Distinct patterns for each condition were observed. Above 10 kPa S. liquefaciens performed similar to Earth-normal pressure conditions (101.3 kPa) whereas below 10 kPa shifts in metabolic patterns were observed. The differences indicated a physiological alteration in which S. liquefaciens lost its ability to metabolize the majority of the provided carbon sources at 0.7 kPa with a significant decrease in the oxidation of amino acids. By measuring the physiological responses to different carbon sources we were able to identify nutritional constraints that support cellular replication under simulated shallow Mars subsurface conditions.
Measuring Pedagogy and the Integration of Engineering Design in STEM Classrooms

The present study examined changes in high school biology and technology education pedagogy during the first year of a three-year professional development (PD) program using the INSPIRES educative curriculum. The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) calls for the integration of science and engineering through inquiry-based pedagogy that shifts the burden of thinking from the teacher to the student. This call is especially challenging for teachers untrained in inquiry teaching and engineering or science concepts. The INSPIRES educative curriculum materials and PD provided a mechanism for teachers to transform their teaching to meet the NGSS challenges. This study followed a longitudinal triangulation mixed methods design. Selected lessons were video recorded, scored on the Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol (RTOP) rubric, and examined for qualitative trends. Year 1 results indicated that teachers had begun to transform their teaching and pointed to particular lessons within the INSPIRES curriculum that most facilitated the reform. Instructional practices of participants improved significantly as a result of the INSPIRES PD program and also aligned with previous, similar studies. These findings provide insights for rethinking the structure of professional development, particularly in the integrated use of an educative curriculum aligned with intended professional development goals.
Working With The Chronically Career-Undecided

Chronic career-undecided adults may exhibit clues to the counselor which indicate long-term resistance to making a career choice. Cohort loyalty, pride in career potential, failure to differentiate...
A bibliographical report on six contemporary global models

Abstract At this time (Summer 1989) there are six integrated global models which are in use or development. These models go by the names: FUGI (Future of Global Interdependence), GLOBUS (Generating Long-term Options By Using Simulation), SARUM (Systems Analysis Research Unit Model), SIM/GDP (System of Integraded Models/Global Development Processes), WIM (Word Integrated Model), and WIOM (Word Input-Output Model). Several books and articles describe these as well as other either defunct or more narrowly defined (such as purely economic or climate oriented) global models. This work does not duplicate those efforts. It instead presents comprehensive bibliographies of the six models in order to providing a mere glimpse of what is there.
Language, Identity and Education on the Arabian Peninsula: Bilingual Policies in a Multilingual Context, by Buckingham, L. (Ed.).

Affluence, turbulence, dunes, domes, skyscrapers, and sky raiders – the images that the name of the ever-so-intriguing “Arabian Peninsula” conjure abound in the media. Reaching beyond these stereot...
The Barbarians Are at the Gate

Nicholas Martin’s contribution to science is well known. This article reviews one small part of his pioneering work that integrated political and social attitudes with behavior genetics. Nick Martin, in part, led to a paradigm shift in the social sciences, and in political science in particular. These fields were previously wed to behavioralist approaches and now routinely include genetic influences in both theoretical and empirical study. This article also celebrates a part of Nick’s contribution that many do not know. Nick Martin does not just build science, he builds scientists. There are many who would not be academics or scholars without Nick’s guidance, mentorship and friendship. This review was written to express the deepest appreciation for what he has done and continues to do for science and the scientist.
Shapiro xanthogranuloma: An essential diagnosis for dermatologists and dermatopathologists to recognize to avoid misdiagnosis of a hematopoietic malignancy in infants and neonates

The Shapiro xanthogranuloma is a histopathologic form of xanthogranuloma that shows closely packed monomorphous cells, which can extend into the subcutaneous fat; it usually lacks routine diagnostic features of xanthogranuloma. Herein we describe two cases of Shapiro xanthogranuloma occurring in a neonate and in an infant, which were initially thought to be hematologic malignancies. One patient's presentation as a "blueberry muffin baby" added to the diagnostic confusion. Pediatric dermatologists, dermatologists, and dermatopathologists need to be aware of the Shapiro xanthogranuloma and its clinicopathologic features to avoid misdiagnosis of a hematopoietic malignancy in neonates and infants.
The Anatomy of Persistence: Remediation and Science Identity Perceptions in Undergraduate Anatomy and Physiology

Undergraduate Anatomy and Physiology (A&P) courses are gateway courses nursing and allied health students must pass before progressing through their academic programs. Many students need to retake the course to receive grades acceptable to progress in their programs, but identifying students at risk of failure may help instructors extend support. In this study, we examined self-efficacy and science identity as potential predictors of student success in these courses, and, by extension, a potential way to identify students at risk of failing. We found that science identity, and not self-efficacy nor completion of science prerequisite courses, explained the most variance when predicting A&P final grade in hierarchical regression. Additionally, we interviewed a purposive sample of students retaking the course to explore their experiences and perceptions of these constructs in A&P over multiple enrollments. Students retaking the course described their experiences of being “biology people” in their interviews, further suggesting that having a science identity is relevant to A&P students and may be leveraged to support students in A&P contexts.
Toward a New Framework for Equity in Epidemic Allocations: Implications of HIV-Prevention-Allocation Misalignment

Social stigma inhibits provision and uptake of HIV prevention and care;experiences and anticipation of stigma in health care settings are associated with lower rates of HIV testing, preexposure prophylaxis uptake, retention in care, and antiretroviral therapy adherence [ ]relying solely on biomedical HIV prevention for young Black and Latinx gay and bisexual men and transwomen will not constitute a sufficient response to their needs In response, local researchers collaborated with local sexual and gender minority youths of color to develop, implement, and evaluate a multilevel HIV-prevention and care intervention 3 The Pennsylvania Department of Health and the state's HIV Planning Group, whose composition has robustly included most-at-risk populations empowered to identify priority populations and recommend resource allocations, supported and promoted the project for statewide scale-up Emerging research incorporating wraparound clinical harm reduction4 and intersectional stigma reduction5 into biomedical HIV prevention shows promise Because of their complexity, such interventions are difficult to operationalize, field, and consolidate into cost-per-person metrics;for these reasons, multilevel, social determinants-based interventions are excluded from allocation models provided The proposed EqEA framework may help achieve Ending the HIV Epidemic endpoints and offers insights for other infectious diseases, such as directing COVID-19 prevention resources to minority communities wherein SARSCoV-2 is exacting a disproportionately lethal toll and federal aid formulas for hospitals have large-scale racial biases 7 Adopting equitable allocation strategies will ensure that resources do not remain woefully misaligned and our systems do not exacerbate the welldefined shortcomings of decades of efforts >4jPH CORRESPONDENCE Correspondence should be sent to M Reuel Friedman, PhD, PO Box 7319, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (e-mail: mrf9@pitt edu)
Evolving Science to Inform Emerging Concussion Practices

Purpose This article describes two concussion models built on the current state of science that help illustrate the complicated interactions among the multiple factors that drive concussion symptom...
Refractive index and dispersion of transparent 3D printing photoresins

The refractive index of commonly used 3D printing photosensitive resins were measured across the visible spectrum for s- and p-polarized light for the first time. Commercially available resins (Monoprice Clear and formlabs Clear) and a custom polyethylene glycol diacrylate photopolymer resin was characterized using a critical angle determination method with a Pulfrich-based refractometer setup. The refractive indices ranged between 1.505 − 1.533 across the visible spectrum (670 − 405 nm, respectively), while the Abbe number ranged between 44.4 − 67.8.
Tire aging: a human factors analysis of failure to warn and inform.

A scenario of an automotive accident caused by tire failure is given followed by a human factors analysis of the information available to consumers on tire aging. Consumers have not been told that the age of the tire is a safety concern. It is not easy to decode the date of manufacture on tires. More publicity and prominent warnngs are needed to communicate the dangers of older tires. Also, better ways to present the date of manufacture so that consumers can more easily and accurately assess tire age are needed. Language: en
Some Solvable Word Problems

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a survey of algorithms that have been used to solve decision problems (mainly word problems) in various varieties of algebras, e.g., lattices, commutative semigroups, and quasigroups. The interest is in the algebraic properties that imply the existence of such algorithms. The chapter discusses the connection between embedding of partial algebras in a variety and the solvability of the word problem for finitely presented (f.p.) algebras in the variety. It considers algorithms based on the finite separability properties. The chapter discusses the aspects of normal form theorems. The work is limited to finitely presented variety V— that is, a variety defined by a finite number of finitary operations and a finite set of identities, and by algebra.
The Structure of a CXCR4:Chemokine Complex

CXCR4 was the first chemokine receptor to be identified as an HIV coreceptor in 1996 (1). Along with the importance of CXCR4 in development, it was also discovered as a key chemokine receptor in the metastasis of breast (2) and numerous other cancers (3). These were the main reasons that motivated us to pursue structural studies of CXCR4 with synthetic inhibitors and chemokines. However, my laboratory took a rather circuitous route to this goal, and I did a lot of reinventing myself as a scientist along the way.
Eyewitness Identification and Lineup

Eyewitnesses have a profound impact on jury verdicts. Although the testimony that eyewitnesses provide can be powerful, their identifications can be inaccurate, and such mistakes contribute to wrongful convictions. Two categories of variable affect the accuracy of eyewitness identifications: estimator and system variables. Estimator variables include characteristics of the witness, perpetrator, or witnessing conditions that are not under the control of the criminal justice system. System variables include characteristics of the investigation that may be controlled by the criminal justice system. This entry reviews the empirical evidence on the effects of both estimator and system variables on eyewitness accuracy. Keywords: eyewitnesses; lineup administration; social influence; witness memory; wrongful convictions; eyewitness testimony; memory
Ductular reaction after submassive necrosis in humans: Special emphasis on analysis of ductular hepatocytes

The ductular reaction to acute submassive necrosis was studied in human livers removed at the time of orthotopic liver transplantation. Single, double, and triple immunohistochemical labeling in combination with morphometry was used to analyze the phenotype and proliferative and apoptotic rates of various epithelial cell compartments. These were divided on the basis of immunohistochemistry and morphology into three subtypes: 1) CK19+/AE1+ mature bile duct epithelium, 2) HEP-PAR+ mature hepatocytes (HEPs), and 3) CK19+/AE1+ ductular hepatocyte (DH) cells lying at the interface between the portal tract connective tissue and the hepatic lobules. Cycling cells were defined as those showing Ki-67+ (MIB-1) nuclear labeling. Apoptotic cells were identified with in situ labeling using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling assay. Special emphasis was placed on DHs that appeared at the interface between the portal tracts and hepatic lobules. During the recovery phase from submassive hepatic necrosis, subtraction of the rate of cell death from the proliferative index shows that all of the epithelial compartments experience a net increase in the number of cells. The highest proliferation rate occurs in the DHs, which is significantly (P < 0.0001) higher than the proliferation rate seen in either the HEP or bile duct epithelium compartments. Immunohistochemical analysis of the highly proliferative DH compartment shows it to be a heterogeneous population with unique phenotypic features. Like epithelial cells in the ductal plate of fetal liver and cholangiocarcinomas, DHs are positioned on a laminin-rich matrix and focally express vimentin and Lewis(x) and show up-regulation of bcl-2 and type IV collagenase. However, unlike ductal plate cells, DHs are CD34 and alpha-fetoprotein negative. Although a subpopulation of DHs share phenotypic features with mature bile duct epithelium (AE1/cytokeratin 19 and type IV collagenase positive) or HEP (HEP-PAR, albumin, and alpha-1-antitrypsin positive), they are also clearly separate from both populations; DHs are negative or only weakly stain for glutathione-S-transferase-pi and are type IV collagenase positive. Moreover, occasional DHs also co-expressed HEP-PAR or alpha-1-antitrypsin and AE1, indicative of both hepatocyte and ductular differentiation. These findings suggest that DHs seen in human livers after submassive necrosis may represent a transient amplifying population arising from a progenitor population located in or near the canals of Herring. In addition, injured hepatocytes can express cytokeratin 19 and AE1, which normally are biliary intermediate filaments.
Maps and Mapmaking in Egypt: Turin Papyrus Map

An ancient Egyptian map drawn on a scroll of papyrus paper was discovered between 1814 and 1821 by agents of Bernardino Drovetti, the French Consul General in Egypt. The map came from a private tomb in the ancient village of Deir el‐Medina, near the modern‐day city of Luxor (ancient Thebes) in Egypt (Fig. 1). This village housed the workers responsible for excavating and decorating the royal tombs of the Egyptian New Kingdom (1539–1075 BCE) in the nearby Valley of the Kings and Valley of the Queens (Bierbrier, 1982; Cerny, 1973; Romer, 1984). Soon after it was found, the map was sold to King Charles Felix, ruler of the northern Italian Kingdom of Sardinia and Piedmont. In 1824, this king established the Egyptian Museum in Turin, the kingdom’s capital, and here the map has resided ever since. The many map fragments were originally considered parts of three separate papyri that were designated as “Papyrus or P. Turin” 1869, 1879, and 1899. Most of these fragments were eventually recombined to form a single map about 280 cm long by 41 cm wide (Fig. 2). This papyrus has long been recognized as one of the oldest geographic maps to survive from antiquity and much has been written about it (e.g., Gardiner, 1914; Goyon, 1949; Harrell & Brown, 1992; Janssen, 1994; Klemm & Klemm, 1988; Murray, 1942; O’Connor, 2012, pp. 59–67; Thomas, 1913). The current reconstruction of the map in the Egyptian Museum, which dates to the early 1900s, is incorrect in several of its details. A new arrangement of the map fragments has been proposed and this is shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6. The principal changes are the transposition of map fragments H‐J and E, the placement of L at the bottom of E, and the narrowing of gaps between many of the fragments (which shortens the map to about 210 cm). This new reconstruction is consistent with the requirements that:
Turn-taking: a case study of early gesture and word use in answering WHERE and WHICH questions.

When young children answer questions, they do so more slowly than adults and appear to have difficulty finding the appropriate words. Because children leave gaps before they respond, it is possible that they could answer faster with gestures than with words. In this case study of one child from age 1;4 to 3;5, we compare gestural and verbal responses to adult Where and Which questions, which can be answered with gestures and/or words. After extracting all adult Where and Which questions and child answers from longitudinal videotaped sessions, we examined the timing from the end of each question to the start of the response, and compared the timing for gestures and words. Child responses could take the form of a gesture or word(s); the latter could be words repeated from the adult question or new words retrieved by the child. Or responses could be complex: a gesture + word repeat, gesture + new word, or word repeat + new word. Gestures were the fastest overall, followed successively by word-repeats, then new-word responses. This ordering, with gestures ahead of words, suggests that the child knows what to answer but needs more time to retrieve any relevant words. In short, word retrieval and articulation appear to be bottlenecks in the timing of responses: both add to the planning required in answering a question.
2 The family of protein arginine metkyltransferases

I. Abstract Arginine methylation is a widespread posttranslational modification found on both nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. The methylation of arginine residues is catalyzed by the protein arginine N-methyltransferase (PRMT) family of enzymes, of which there are at least nine members in mammals. PRMTs are evolutionarily conserved and are foundin organisms from yeast to man, but not in bacteria. Proteins that are arginine methylated are involved in a number of different cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, RNA metabolism, and DNA damage repair. How arginine methylation impacts these cellular actions is unclear, although it is likely through the regulation of protein-protein and protein-DNA/RNA interactions. The different PRMTs display varying degrees of substrate specificity, and a certain amount of redundancy is likely to exist between different PRMT family members. Most PRMTs methylate glycine- and arginine-rich patches within their substrates. These regions have been termed GAR motifs. The complexity of the methylarginine mark is enhanced by the ability of this residue to be methylated in three different fashions on the guanidino group (with different functional consequences for each methylated state): monomethylated, symmetrically dimethylated, and asymmetrically dimethylated. This chapter outlines the biochemistry of arginine methylation, including a detailed description of the enzymes involved, the motifs methylated, and the prospects of inhibiting these enzymes with small molecules.
Characteristics Of The Diffuse Interstellar Medium

There have been several recent changes in perspective on the diffuse interstellar environment, including recognition of a thick disk of warm gas, cosmic rays, and magnetic field. In addition, evidence for a pervasive hot phase driven by supernova disruption has weakened to the point that a quasihomogeneous warm intercloud gas may occupy most of the interstellar volume at midplane, with individual bubbles created by supernovae and OB associations occupying perhaps 10 and 20 per cent respectively. The bubble population is sufficient to explain the high stage ions (0 VI, N V, C IV, perhaps Si IV) found in the disk, though possibly not those found at higher z. The estimated midplane pressure has increased, leaving the thermal pressure inside clouds almost negligible. The reduced porosity of the medium, its greater thickness, and its larger pressure all act to suppress fountain activity, either arising from the disk generally, or from the blowout of superbubbles. Finally, there appears to be a peculiar coincidence between the cloud heating mechanism and the activity determining the interstellar pressure.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE HIGH-Tc SUPERCONDUCTORS

Monte Carlo simulations based on the Trotter-Suzuki transformation were carried out using 6 × 6 and 12 × 12 lattices and the single-band Hubbard model with intermediate-range repulsive interaction. The absence of the "minus-sign problem" for sufficiently low temperatures and appropriate doping indicates bosonic behavior reminiscent of superconductivity. It was found that holes prefer to pair on next-nearest-neighbor sites while nearest neighbors are suppressed. Additional electron-phonon coupling in the form of the breathing mode not only preserves this symmetry but strengthening of the bosonic background indicates the possibility of superconductivity.
Behavioral Issues of Rationality in International Interaction A Game Theoretic Analysis

The behavioral pointers of rationality discussed by Langlois and Langlois are used to scan the World Events Interaction Survey data on U.S.-China and U.S.-Soviet relations for evidence of rational behavior in the interaction between states. The null hypothesis that the interaction between states is not compatible with subgame perfect equilibriumplay in all cases examined is rejected: states react to each other's past moves; if deviations from equilibrium play are significant in explaining player moves, they determine positive inducement effects; and implied payoff structures reveal a need for strategic management of the relationship. With payoff structures estimated to be prisoner's dilemmas for all players, both bilateral relations begin with the widest tolerance of the other's behavioral choice and the adoption of countervailing strategies. Over time, these nations' strategic interaction evolves toward a sharpening of the bounds they envision for their relationships. Nations entertain ongoing diplomatic relationships that determine a history as well as a possible future. Do nations implement rational strategies to manage their interaction? An answer to this question requires identifying the behavioral symptoms associated with a rational approach. What does rational interaction look like? Does rational behavior leave identifiable and nontrivial traces in the data? If so, past relationships can be probed for rationality. A diagnosis of compatibility of the data with rational behavior is of historical interest. However, it also has the practical importance of illustrating the very feasibility of rational management by corroborating a theoretical approach that highlights the patterns of reciprocation and retaliation that need to be implemented if rational interaction is to prevail. Our purpose in this study is to examine the data on bilateral interactions between the United States, China, and the former Soviet Union to determine whether the observed management of these relationships is compatible with a rational interpretation of state interaction as presented in Langlois and Langlois (1999).
Traumatic aortic transections: Eight-year experience with the “Clamp-Sew” technique

Background. Because traumatic aortic transection is associated with high mortality rates, great debate exists about the appropriate operative technique for treatment of patients who have acute traumatic aortic transection. Methods. To determine the safety and efficacy of the "clamp-sew" method, we retrospectively reviewed our 8-year experience treating 75 patients who had aortic injuries secondary to blunt trauma. Seventy-one of these patients were treated surgically. The clamp-sew method was used in all of these operations. Results. Aortic cross-clamp time averaged 24 minutes (range, 14 to 36 minutes), with 4/71 having times in excess of 30 minutes. One patient (clamp time, 28 minutes) became paraplegic. Significant associated injuries were seen in 51/75 patients (48/71 patients with operation), including intrathoracic (35 patients), orthopedic (28 patients), intraabdominal (24 patients), and central nervous system (17 patients) damage. No patient died within 24 hours of operation. Overall 30-day mortality was 12% (9/75), with 7/9 having two or more aforementioned associated injuries. Of these 7, 5 had central nervous system injuries. Two of 9 died within 30 days without two or more associated injuries: 1 Jehovah's Witness of low hemoglobin, and 1 patient of sepsis. Conclusions. Although any of several maneuvers may be appropriate in managing traumatic aortic injuries, the simple "clamp-sew" technique is a safe and effective method for the treatment of traumatic aortic transections.
Policies to Reduce Child Poverty: Child Allowances Versus Tax Exemptions for Children

This paper discusses the regressive nature of tax exemptions for children compared to child allowances and estimates the decline in child poverty in several developed countries due to child allowances. The paper then estimates the decline in child poverty in the United States due to tax exemptions for children and simulates the impact of various possible child allowance programs on child poverty in the United States. It finds that a $3000 to $4000 child allowance would reduce child poverty in the United States to the level of other developed nations and, due to the costs associated with child poverty, be a cost effective policy change.
Inequalities and identities for generalized matrix functions

Abstract Let χ be a character on the symmetric group S n , and let A = ( a ij ) be an n -by- n matrix. The function d χ ( A ) = Σ σϵS n χ ( σ ) Π n t = 1 a tσ ( t ) is called a generalized matrix function. If χ is an irreducible character, then d χ is called an immanent. For example, if χ is the alternating character, then d χ is the determinant, and if χ ≡ 1, then d χ is called the permanent (denoted per). Suppose that A is positive semidefinite Hermitian. We prove that the inequality (1/χ( id ))d χ (A) ⪕ per A holds for a variety of characters χ including the irreducible ones corresponding to the partitions ( n − 1,1) and ( n − 2,1,1) of n . The main technique used to prove these inequalities is to express the immanents as sums of products of principal subpermanents. These expressions for the immanents come from analogous expressions for Schur polynomials by means of a correspondence of D.E. Littlewood.
Implementation of expanded functions for auxiliary personnel in the undergraduate dental curriculum.

Public health dentists, who are interested in promoting the use of assistants who are trained to perform expanded functions in the oral cavity, will be intrigued by this recital of experience with students at Temple University.
LP/LISP: literate programming for Lisp

Writing a program and writing its documentation are often considered two separate tasks, leading to several problems: the documentation may never be written; when it is, it may be an afterthought; and when the program is modified, the needed changes to the documentation may be overlooked. Literate programming (LP), introduced by Donald Knuth, views a program and its documentation as an integrated whole: they are written together to inform both the computer and human readers. LP tools then extract the code for the computer and the documentation for further document processing. Unfortunately, existing LP tools are much more suited for compiled languages, where there is already a step between coding and executing and debugging the code. Lisp programming typically involved incremental development and testing, often highly interleaving coding with running portions of the code. Thus LP tools inject an artificial impediment into this process.LP/Lisp is a new LP tool designed specifically for Lisp and the usual style of programming using Lisp. The literate programming file is the Lisp file; LP markup and text resides in Lisp comments, where it does not interfere with running the code. LP/Lisp provided the usual literate programming services, such as code typesetting, syntactic sugaring, and the ability to split the code for expository purposes (a "chunk" mechanism). LP/Lisp, itself written in Lisp, is run on the code to produce the documentation.
Seasonal Variation in the Vagility of Populations of the Red Milkweed Beetle, Tetraopes tetraopthalmus

Five populations of the red milkweed beetle, Tetraopes tetraopthalmus (Forster) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), in central Vermont and New Hampshire were sampled throughout the season and individual beetles were flight tested. The vagility of the populations (mean flight duration per sample) varied significantly during the season, with peak vagility coinciding with the flowering peak of its host plant during the 1st 3 wks of July. The findings show that it is possible to predict seasonal variation in vagility using basic life history information — lifespan, emergence times, and age-related patterns of vagility. Implications for pest management are suggested.
Computation of sharp phase boundaries by spreading: the planar and spherically symmetric cases

Abstract The sharp interface that arises from any of the major transition problems (classical or modified Stefan, etc.) can be smoothed using the phase field approach as a numerical tool. The basic idea is that the thickness of the interface can be regarded as a mathematical free parameter which can be stretched beyond its physical value for computational convenience. The computations in one dimensional space and n dimensions with radial symmetry indicate that this is an efficient method for dealing with stiff equations and results in a very accurate interface determination without explicit tracking. The question of optimizing the interfacial thickness with respect to grid size is also considered empirically. The technique also provides a numerical verification of the concept of an unstable critical radius of solidification