cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The DNA Damage Response and Checkpoint Adaptation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Distinct Roles for the Replication Protein A2 (Rfa2) N-Terminus

In response to DNA damage, two general but fundamental processes occur in the cell: (1) a DNA lesion is recognized and repaired, and (2) concomitantly, the cell halts the cell cycle to provide a window of opportunity for repair to occur. An essential factor for a proper DNA-damage response is the heterotrimeric protein complex Replication Protein A (RPA). Of particular interest is hyperphosphorylation of the 32-kDa subunit, called RPA2, on its serine/threonine-rich amino (N) terminus following DNA damage in human cells. The unstructured N-terminus is often referred to as the phosphorylation domain and is conserved among eukaryotic RPA2 subunits, including Rfa2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An aspartic acid/alanine-scanning and genetic interaction approach was utilized to delineate the importance of this domain in budding yeast. It was determined that the Rfa2 N-terminus is important for a proper DNA-damage response in yeast, although its phosphorylation is not required. Subregions of the Rfa2 N-terminus important for the DNA-damage response were also identified. Finally, an Rfa2 N-terminal hyperphosphorylation-mimetic mutant behaves similarly to another Rfa1 mutant (rfa1-t11) with respect to genetic interactions, DNA-damage sensitivity, and checkpoint adaptation. Our data indicate that post-translational modification of the Rfa2 N-terminus is not required for cells to deal with “repairable” DNA damage; however, post-translational modification of this domain might influence whether cells proceed into M-phase in the continued presence of unrepaired DNA lesions as a “last-resort” mechanism for cell survival.
Pyogenic sacroiliitis following an infected umbilical ring.

Case Presentation A 13-yr-old adolescent female was seen in the emergency room with a 24-hour history of diffuse lower abdominal pain localized primarily on the left side. She also complained of nausea. She had no history of vomiting or diarrhea but felt feverish. She was seen initially at her family physician’s office and was found to have microscopic hematuria. She was sent to Kosair Childrens hospital for further evaluation. Her past medical history was unremarkable. Menarche occurred at age 9, she had regular menstrual cycles and her last menstrual period was two weeks prior. She was sexually active and had a history of chlamydia. She also admitted to the use of recreational drugs.
West Nile Virus system dynamics investigation in Dallas County, TX

After its first introduction in 1999, West Nile Virus (WNV) has spread very widely along the east coasts of the United States before appearing in Texas where 1792 cases were reported of which 82 were fatal in 2012. The interesting patterns and behavior of the virus and its amplified impact on the county of Dallas drove this work. This paper encompasses a thorough development of a systems dynamics simulation model that imitates the virus's infectious behavior and dynamics in Dallas County, TX utilizing historical data collected and the aid of suitable software packages.
VEGF Secreted by Hypoxic Müller Cells Induces MMP-2 Expression and Activity in Endothelial Cells to Promote Retinal Neovascularization in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

In proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), retinal ischemia promotes neovascularization (NV), which can lead to profound vision loss in diabetic patients. Treatment for PDR, panretinal photocoagulation, is inherently destructive and has significant visual consequences. Therapies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have transformed the treatment of diabetic eye disease but have proven inadequate for treating NV, prompting exploration for additional therapeutic options for PDR patients. In this regard, extracellular proteolysis is an early and sustained activity strictly required for NV. Extracellular proteolysis in NV is facilitated by the dysregulated activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Here, we set out to better understand the regulation of MMPs by ischemia in PDR. We demonstrate that accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in Muller cells induces the expression of VEGF, which, in turn, promotes increased MMP-2 expression and activity in neighboring endothelial cells (ECs). MMP-2 expression was detected in ECs in retinal NV tissue from PDR patients, whereas MMP-2 protein levels were elevated in the aqueous of PDR patients compared with controls. Our findings demonstrate a complex interplay among hypoxic Muller cells, secreted angiogenic factors, and neighboring ECs in the regulation of MMP-2 in retinal NV and identify MMP-2 as a target for the treatment of PDR.
Mouse Brain Spatial Normalization: The Challenge of Sparse Data

A three-dimensional surface-based progressive alignment algorithm is proposed to recover nonlinear deformation field. The deformation field is represented with a multi-resolution wavelet expansion and is modeled by the partial differential equations of linear elasticity. We report of its use in spatial normalization of mouse brains reconstructed from sectional material. The wavelet alignment algorithm produced more than threefold improvement in accuracy over an affine (linear) alignment. Its susceptibility to sparse sampling, a problem when the data is derived from tissue sections, was evaluated. Registration accuracy was reduced by only two fold as sampling decreased six- fold.
Analysis and physical aspects of a metamaterial slab of Wire-Split Ring Resonators

A metamaterial slab of Wire-Split Ring Resonators was analyzed focusing on physical aspects. Effective constitutive parameters were extracted vs. number of W-SRR layers in the slab. We have shown that a minimum of 8 layers is required to accurately characterize the bulk metamaterial properties. Losses, spatial dispersion, and mode conversion in the unit cell are also discussed.
Organizational socialization research: Enabling, constraining, and shifting perspectives

Organizational socialization has been an area of inquiry for several decades. There is a wide variety of theories, processes, outcomes, and implications of organizational socialization inquiry that make it both a complex and rich focus of study. As an inherently communicative process of central importance to human social life, socialization is a natural area of inquiry for communication scholars. Most broadly, socialization may be considered as a central process through which individual-societal relationships are mediated. More narrowly, it is examined as a process through which newcomers become organizational members. Most often, research emphasizes the latter view. Socialization is linked to employee and organizational success. Organizational socialization processes are viewed as central to role taking, newcomer acculturation, employee attitudes and behaviors, and the shaping of newcomers' identities. In this essay, I have chosen to focus broadly on communication and organizational socialization, first briefly describing common assumptions. In the remainder of the essay, I speculate on this perspective by adopting Weick's (1979) ambivalent stance. By both trusting and distrusting accepted views, we should be able to both identify past socialization work that needs to be extended as well as to question past assumptions in order to turn to alternative future possibilities. I focus first on future possibilities that are enabled by accepted assumptions and then turn to an alternative perspective to identify future possibilities that are constrained by those same assumptions. Communication and Organizational Socialization Jablin has developed a thorough, heuristic model of organizational entry, assimilation, and exit (Jablin, 1987). Most extant socialization research is consistent with this broad model. My purpose is not to thoroughly review the model and related research but to emphasize several of the wide variety of themes that emanate from this model, focusing both on enabling and constraining possibilities. Enabling Possibilities
Volcanic tsunamis and prehistoric cultural transitions in Cook Inlet, Alaska

Abstract The 1883 eruption of Augustine Volcano produced a tsunami when a debris avalanche traveled into the waters of Cook Inlet. Older debris avalanches and coeval paleotsunami deposits from sites around Cook Inlet record several older volcanic tsunamis. A debris avalanche into the sea on the west side of Augustine Island ca. 450 years ago produced a wave that affected areas 17 m above high tide on Augustine Island. A large volcanic tsunami was generated by a debris avalanche on the east side of Augustine Island ca. 1600 yr BP, and affected areas more than 7 m above high tide at distances of 80 km from the volcano on the Kenai Peninsula. A tsunami deposit dated to ca. 3600 yr BP is tentatively correlated with a southward directed collapse of the summit of Redoubt Volcano, although little is known about the magnitude of the tsunami. The 1600 yr BP tsunami from Augustine Volcano occurred about the same time as the collapse of the well-developed Kachemak culture in the southern Cook Inlet area, suggesting a link between volcanic tsunamis and prehistoric cultural changes in this region of Alaska.
Effects of the Social and Economic Environments On Workers' Education: United States and British Examples

Labor education programs in Great Britain and the United States have differed over time with respect to administration, finance, purpose, and content. However, the essential nature and scope of the programs in each country remained constant until recently. British labor education was traditionally concerned with the worker as an individual member of society and was administered by in dependent, working class organizations, while American labor education was primarily the responsibility of the unions and was concerned with the worker as a union member. By 1965 the tradi tional characteristics of the programs in the two nations had be come almost totally reversed. The present study traces the events within each country which led to the reversal of the traditional programs and purposes of labor education.
Associations of anthropogenic activity and disturbance with fitness metrics of eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis)

To predict the long-term consequences of increasing human activity and environmental disturbance on natural populations, it is imperative to understand how human activity relates to fitness variation in wild populations. Here, we report associations of avian fitness metrics with multivariate indices of human activity and bird behavioral responses in eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis). We quantified patterns of human activity, adult bird behavioral time budgets, and four avian fitness metrics (brood growth, brood condition, brood survivorship and nest box productivity) at 52 nest boxes placed along a human disturbance gradient. We found that distance of human activity relates nonlinearly to chick survival and productivity. Nests were more productive at intermediate levels of human activity. The number of box-visits completed by parent bluebirds was positively related to box productivity. We also found a significant negative relationship of intense and variable human activity with adult bird self-maintenance behaviors. These results suggest that adult bluebirds generally buffer their developing broods from human activity in the environment, sacrificing self-maintenance behaviors before compromising the growth and survival of their brood. If adult birds are absorbing the costs of anthropogenic disturbance in lieu of their young, there could be negative sub-lethal consequences of increasing human activity for future breeding attempts. The nonlinear relationships we found between human activity and avian fitness indicate that eastern bluebirds are somewhat pre-adapted to intermediate levels of human disturbance. As local populations have gone through a recent population bottleneck and experienced intense selection for breeding in man-made cavities in the past 40‐50 years, we speculate that local populations may have adapted rapidly to human altered habitats. Hence, we advocate a more inclusive evolutionary ecology approach to understanding responses of natural populations to human disturbance.
The effect of previously learned words on the child's acquisition of words for similar referents

The current study assessed the child's learning of an object label in two conditions: when its referent was highly similar and when its referent was highly dissimilar to the referent of a known child word. Twenty-two 2-year-old children were taught the name for an object. In a session several days subsequent, they were taught names for two new objects: one which was highly similar and one which was highly dissimilar to the referent of the word learned in the first session (two stimulus sets assured counterbalancing). In this second session, children produced the word with the similar referent more often than the word with the dissimilar referent. In third and fourth sessions (several days later), children continued to show better performance with the similar word in comprehension. These results were interpreted as evidence that young children find it easier to learn a new word when they are able to contrast its referent with that of a word they already know.
A vector network analyzer integrated into coplanar-waveguide probes

A novel type of vector network analyzer integrated with two coplanar-waveguide (CPW) probe tips for making on-wafer measurements is presented. The CPW configuration is capable of large bandwidths and allows measurements to be made directly at the device under test. The analyzer consists of detector diodes spaced logarithmically along two CPW probe tips to sample the signal and uses six-port theory to calculate s-parameters. A 5-10-GHz proof-of-concept model was built and used to test a MMIC PIN diode switch. >
How Q and Cash Flow Affect Investment without Frictions: An Analytic Explanation

We derive a closed-form solution for Tobin's Q in a stochastic dynamic framework. We show analytically that investment is positively related to Tobin's Q and cash flow, even in the absence of adjustment costs or financing frictions. Both Q and investment move in the same direction as expected revenue growth, so changes in expected revenue growth induce Q and investment to comove positively. Similarly, shocks to current cash flow, arising from shocks to the user cost of capital in our model, cause investment and cash flow per unit of capital to comove positively. Furthermore, we show that this alternative mechanism for the relationship among investment, Q, and cash flow delivers larger cash flow effects for smaller- and faster-growing firms, as observed in the data. Moreover, the empirically small sensitivity of investment to Tobin's Q does not imply implausibly large adjustment costs in our model (since there are no adjustment costs). Calibrating the model generates values of Q similar to those in the data; investment is more sensitive to cash flow than it is to Q, and both responses are of empirically plausible magnitudes. Copyright 2011, Oxford University Press.
Triggering Actin Comets Versus Membrane Ruffles: Distinctive Effects of Phosphoinositides on Actin Reorganization

A limited set of phosphoinositide membrane lipids regulate diverse cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, and migration. We developed two techniques based on rapamycin-induced protein dimerization to rapidly change the concentration of plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P(2)]. First, using a membrane-recruitable form of PI(4)P 5-kinase, we increased PI(4,5)P(2) synthesis from phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PI(4)P] and found that COS-7, HeLa, and human embryonic kidney 293 cells formed bundles of motile actin filaments known as actin comets. In contrast, a second technique that increased the concentration of PI(4,5)P(2) without consuming PI(4)P induced membrane ruffles. These distinct phenotypes were mediated by dynamin-mediated vesicular trafficking and mutually inhibitory crosstalk between the small guanosine triphosphatases Rac and RhoA. Our results indicate that the effect of PI(4,5)P(2) on actin reorganization depends on the abundance of other phosphoinositides, such as PI(4)P. Thus, combinatorial regulation of phosphoinositide concentrations may contribute to the diversity of phosphoinositide functions.
Mentoring and organizational citizenship behavior: Estimating the mediating effects of organization‐based self‐esteem and affective commitment

This study explored how perceptions of reciprocal support in mentoring influence mentors' and proteges' intent to extend work-related help to coworkers in organizations. Our findings shed light on the role that organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) and affective organizational commitment (AOC) play as mediators in transmitting the effect of perceived reciprocal support in mentoring to mentors' and proteges' intent to engage in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). A central premise of this study was that positive feelings of reciprocal learning and growth for mentors and proteges produce interdependence and inclinations towards organizational citizenship. Mentors (n = 82) and proteges (n = 160) from three U.S.-based corporations were surveyed. Results of mediation analyses employing multiple mediation model testing shows statistical and practical significance for proteges' AOC and OBSE as mediators. The lack of support for any mediators for the mentors indicates that the process underlying the link between mentoring and OCB may differ for mentors and proteges. We discuss the implications of these findings for organizational mentoring and human resource development and offer suggestions for future research.
Modulation of Protein Kinase Activity and Gene Expression by Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Role in Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology

Emerging evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species, especially superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are important signaling molecules in cardiovascular cells. Their production is regulated by hormone-sensitive enzymes such as the vascular NAD(P)H oxidases, and their metabolism is coordinated by antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Both of these reactive oxygen species serve as second messengers to activate multiple intracellular proteins and enzymes, including the epidermal growth factor receptor, c-Src, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, Ras, and Akt/protein kinase B. Activation of these signaling cascades and redox-sensitive transcription factors leads to induction of many genes with important functional roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of vascular cells. Thus, reactive oxygen species participate in vascular smooth muscle cell growth and migration; modulation of endothelial function, including endothelium-dependent relaxation and expression of a proinflammatory phenotype; and modification of the extracellular matrix. All of these events play important roles in vascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, suggesting that the sources of reactive oxygen species and the signaling pathways that they modify may represent important therapeutic targets.
Concurrent Constraint Programming Research Programmes – Redux

At the first PPCP conference in 1995, I was honored to be one of the invited speakers. Twenty conferences later, much has changed in the computational world.We have seen the penetration of the Internet in every aspect of human life; the establishment of the multi-core era; the arrival of petaflop high performance computing; the rise of big data, analytics and machine learning; and the emergence of the planet-wide computer (the “cloud”).
Identifying and Characterizing Dominant Plants as an Indicator of Community Condition

ABSTRACT Dominant species play key roles in shaping community structure, but their behavior is far from uniform. We speculated that recognition of different behaviors (determined objectively) would be an indicator of the condition of plant communities. We developed a species dominance index (SDI) to identify dominant species and compare their behavior across multiple spatial scales. The SDI is based on three attributes (mean cover, mean species suppression, and tendency toward high cover), and it identifies up to 38 dominants within 74 Great Lakes coastal wetlands. Dichotomizing each of the attributes in a 2×2×2 matrix produced seven dominant behaviors, or forms, all of which occurred in Great Lakes wetlands. Species showed different dominant forms among locations and aggregation scales. Showing predominantly “monotype” form, invasive Typha was the taxon that was most often dominant in the samples. By quantitatively measuring dominance and describing dominance form, SDI can add insight into community chan...
Analysis of SUC2 Promoter Structure by Nucleosome Scanning

Abstract Chromatin remodeling is a key mode of transcriptional regulation, and studying the nucleosome positioning at promoters is an important means to understand how genes are regulated. Nucleosome scanning is a convenient method to study nucleosome positioning. Yeast cells are converted to spheroplasts and nuclei are isolated. The nuclei are then digested by micrococcal nuclease to yield mononucleosome-sized DNA. Using a set of overlapping primers that cover the entire promoter, quantitative real-time PCR is performed using the mononucleosome DNA as the template. The nucleosome enrichment for each primer is calculated to yield a map of nucleosome occupancy across the promoter.
Elucidating the Key Determinants of Structure, Folding, and Stability for the ( $4\beta + \alpha $ ) Conformation of the B1 Domain of Protein G Using Bioinformatics Approaches

The B1 domain of protein G (GB1) is a small, 56 amino acid bacterial immunoglobulin-binding protein with a $4\beta + \alpha $ fold. Architecturally, it is composed of a two-layer sandwich consisting of a four-stranded $\beta $ -sheet that packs against an $\alpha $ -helix. Using several bioinformatics approaches, we investigated which residues may be key determinants of this fold. We identified nine structurally conserved amino acids using a conservation analysis and propose they are critical to forming and stabilizing the fold. The nine conserved residues form a predominantly hydrophobic nucleus within the core of GB1. A network analysis of all the long-range interactions in the structure of GB1 in concert with a betweenness centrality analysis revealed the relative significance of each conserved amino acid residue based on the number and location of the interactions. This bioinformatics analysis provides an important foundation for the design and interpretation of both computational and experimental work which may be helpful in solving the protein folding problem.
The Antiobesity Factor WDTC1 Suppresses Adipogenesis via the CRL4WDTC1 E3 Ligase

WDTC1/Adp encodes an evolutionarily conserved suppressor of lipid accumulation. While reduced WDTC1 expression is associated with obesity in mice and humans, its cellular function is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that WDTC1 is a component of a DDB1‐CUL4‐ROC1 (CRL4) E3 ligase. Using 3T3‐L1 cell culture model of adipogenesis, we show that disrupting the interaction between WDTC1 and DDB1 leads to a loss of adipogenic suppression by WDTC1, increased triglyceride accumulation and adipogenic gene expression. We show that the CRL4WDTC1 complex promotes histone H2AK119 monoubiquitylation, thus suggesting a role for this complex in transcriptional repression during adipogenesis. Our results identify a biochemical role for WDTC1 and extend the functional range of the CRL4 complex to the suppression of fat accumulation. ![][1] WDTC1/Adp has demonstrated to possess fat‐suppressive functions in many organisms. This study elucidates the biochemical activity underlying the antiadipogenic function of WDTC1. EMBO Reports (2016) 17: 638–647 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Landslide Morphology and Processes on Santa Cruz Island, California

An episode of unusually intense rainfall triggered over a thousand landslides on Santa Cruz Island, California, during the winter of 1977-78. These included large, deep-seated failures, composite mudflows, and hundreds of shallow soil slips. In this study, landslide occurrence is examined in relation to lithologic, pedologic, topographic, and vegetational conditions. Their effects on soil permeability, water movement patterns, and shear strength are found to be related to landslide morphology and process.
Abstract 4013: S100A4 promotes cell migration and growth through focal adhesion kinase and Src mediated dual signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer cells.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC BACKGROUD: Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer. Activation and expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src kinase is abnormally upregulated in pancreatic cancers. The results of clinical trials targeting either Src or FAK by inhibitors are largely unknown. S100A4 is a calcium-binding protein and aberrant S100A4 expression is an independent biomarker for poor outcomes of pancreatic cancer; however, the involved mechanism is unclear. METHODS: The effects of inhibitors on FAK and Src activation, and on cell migration and growth, were examined in MiaPaca2 and S2VP10 cell lines. To determine whether FAK and Src depend on each other or independently regulate pancreatic cancer cell phenotypes, the effects of FAK or Src mutant expression were determined. The role of S100A4 on FAK and Src activation was evaluated through loss/gain approaches. The association of S100A4 expression with FAK and Src activation was determined by immunostaining on human pancreatic cancer tissue sections. RESULTS: FAK and Src kinase inhibitors blocked activation in a dose dependent manner in both MiaPaca2 and S2VP10 cells. However, it required more inhibitor to inhibit either FAK or Src in S2VP10 cells. Blocking FAK (or Src) does not completely inhibit Src (or FAK) activation. This is confirmed by the finding that FAK mutant expression completely inhibited FAK activation, but not Src activation. Similarly, Src mutant expression did not inhibit FAK activation. Downregulation of S100A4 expression significantly decreased FAK and Src activation. Importantly, increased S100A4 expression is associated with increased FAK and Src activation in pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS: These data support that the Src-FAK axis forms a dual signaling pathway, and each of them contributes independently to the aggressive pancreatic cancer cell phenotype. Also, these data support that S100A4 promotes the Src-FAK dual signaling pathway which possibly leads to a feed-forward loop facilitating pancreatic tumor progression. Citation Format: Guoqiang Cai, Elizabeth H. Kerr, Meng Hu, Youfeng Yang, Donald J. Buchsbaum, William E. Grizzle, Qiang Ding. S100A4 promotes cell migration and growth through focal adhesion kinase and Src mediated dual signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4013. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4013
[Improvement of chewing ability by complete denture: a case report]

Patient A 58 year-old female patient visited the clinic with chief complaint of chewing difficulty with her complete dentures. These dentures did not have a sufficient size of denture base and the resin teeth were completely ground down. Treatment dentures were inserted and the form was transferred to final dentures. Discussion The risk of re-treatment and adjustment after the denture insertion was reduced by using the treatment dentures. The Cochrane Library reported that there is no difference between complete dentures and implant supported over dentures in terms of patient satisfaction/chewing ability, provided the patient has an adequate mandibular ridge. Conclusion Treatment dentures are important to reduce the risk of re-treatment.
Learner Views on English and English Language Teaching in China.

ABSTRACTSince the 1980s, China has represented one of the major growth areas in the world for English language education, and studying English has been a priority among its foreign language educational policies. As English has gained more popularity in China, some have noted the potential value of English as a means to greater educational access and social mobility. Others, however, see cause for concern by claiming that English language instruction is not always effective or that learning English is a waste of time and resources because the majority of English learners will most probably not use English after they graduate from college. In considering these issues and their implications for policy and practice, this article reports findings from a research study of 1,613 Chinese undergraduates to understand how learners of English view and experience English Language Teaching (ELT) in China. Data were collected using an online survey questionnaire. Major findings indicate that the majority of respondents...
Application of colored Petri net in system modeling of a technological program management

A method of modeling using Colored Petri Net (CPN) was presented based on deeply studying the project management business of a technological program, in view of the characteristics of Petri nets. The authors analyzed the causes that CPN was suited for modeling and discussed the application of CPN on system modeling with an example of the evaluation system in the technology program projects management, and established the system model based on CPN. Simulation results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective.
Inhibition of Sperm Dilution Damage by Purified Factors from Hamster Caudal Epididymal Plasma and by Defined Diluents

Sperm dilution damage can be prevented by diluting hamster caudal epididymal (HCE) sperm in HCE plasma, a fluid which had been shown to contain sperm survival factors (SF). Dialysis and ultrafiltration studies demonstrated that SF consisted of both small-molecule and large-molecule components. Several known macromolecules and small molecules could substitute for these factors. Chemically defined diluents were designed that were able to substitute for HCE plasma in the prevention of sperm dilution damage under certain conditions. When the HCE plasma large-molecule component were fractionated by Sephadex G-100 chromatography, three bands of SF activity eluted. One appeared in the void volume ( is greater than 100,000 daltons), one with bovine serum albumin (67,000 daltons), and one at about 35,000 daltons. Two HCE plasma small-molecule components of less than 500 daltons eluted from both Sephadex G-25 and G-15 columns. Proteolysis studies suggested that both the small-molecule and the large-molecule components of HCE plasma may possess peptide bonds.
Capital Market Integration

Financial openness brings both potential gains and risks. However, the empirical evidence does not support the view that increased vulnerability to crises from financial openness should cause policymakers in emerging market economies to maintain closed financial markets. Crises are not more frequent for financially open economies. A calibrated model using parameters from the recent literature suggests that emerging market economies are far more likely to obtain net growth benefits from financial openness than to suffer net crisis-induced losses. Moreover, in the global financial crisis of 2007–09, there was no general pattern of larger growth losses among financially more open emerging market economies.
Multiplexing Fluorescence Anisotropy Using Frequency Encoding

In this report, a method to multiplex fluorescence anisotropy measurements is described using frequency encoding. As a demonstration of the method, simultaneous competitive immunoassays for insulin and glucagon were performed by measuring the ratio of bound and free Cy5-insulin and FITC-glucagon in the presence of their respective antibodies. A vertically polarized 635 nm laser was pulsed at 73 Hz and used to excite Cy5-insulin, while a vertically polarized 488 nm laser pulsed at 137 Hz excited FITC-glucagon. The total emission was split into parallel and perpendicular polarizations and collected onto separate photomultiplier tubes. The signals from each channel were demodulated using a fast Fourier transform, resolving the contributions from each fluorophore. Anisotropy calculations were carried out using the magnitude of the peaks in the frequency domain. The method produced the expected shape of the calibration curves with limits of detection of 0.6 and 5 nM for insulin and glucagon, respectively. This...
Growth and Production of Toxin of Clostridium botulinum Type E in Rainbow Trout under Various Storage Conditions.

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were inoculated with 3 to 4 log 10 spores per g of fish of a mixed pool of four strains of Clostridium botulinum type E (Beluga, Minnesota, G21-5, and 070). The trout were vacuum-skin packaged with either oxygen-barrier or oxygen-permeable films. Trout packaged with oxygen-permeable film were stored at 4°C for 21 days, while trout packaged with oxygen-barrier film were stored either at 4°C for 21 days or at 10°C for 15 days. Storage at 10°C was used to simulate commercial temperature abuse. Clostridium botulinum outgrowth was determined by a most-probable-number (MPN) method using (tryptone peptone yeast extract glucose trypsin) anaerobic broth. Toxin production was evaluated using a mouse bioassay. Psychrotrophic and anaerobic populations increased with time regardless of packaging type. After 6 days at 10°C, botulinum toxin was detected in the packaged trout ; however, the fish was noticeably spoiled before that time. No botulinum toxin was detected in trout packaged with either barrier or permeable films and stored at 4°C for 21 days, although the product was considered spoiled by day 12.
Effects of Ligand Chemistry and Geometry on Rare Earth Element Partitioning from Saline Solutions to Functionalized Adsorbents

Rare earth elements (REE) are elements that drive the development of new technologies in many sectors, including green energy. However, the supply chain of REE is subject to a complex set of technical, environmental, and geopolitical constraints. Some of these challenges may be circumvented if REE are recovered from naturally abundant alternative sources, such as saline waters and brines. Here, we synthesized and tested aminated silica gels, functionalized with REE-reactive ligands: diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic dianhydride (DTPADA), phosphonoacetic acid (PAA), and N,N-bisphosphono(methyl)glycine (BPG). A suite of characterization techniques and batch adsorption experiments were used to evaluate the properties of the functionalized silica adsorbents and test the REE-uptake chemistry of the adsorbents under environmentally relevant conditions. Results showed that BPG and DTPADA yielded the most REE-reactive adsorbents of those tested. Moreover, the DTPADA adsorben...
Leadership for Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Schools by Martin Scanlan and Francesca A. López: (2015). New York, NY: Routledge, 208 pages

When educators speak of “mainstream” students, they typically do not have culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students in mind. Yet, citing data from the Pew Research Center, Scanlan and Lo...
Point-of-care ultrasound use in patients with cardiac arrest is associated prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation pauses: A prospective cohort study

Abstract Objective We aim to evaluate if point-of-care ultrasound use in cardiac arrest is associated with CPR pause duration. Methods This is a prospective cohort study of patients with cardiac arrest (CA) presenting to an urban emergency department from July 2016 to January 2017. We collected video recordings of patients with CA in designated code rooms with video recording equipment. The CAs recordings were reviewed and coded by two abstractors. The primary outcome was the difference CPR pause duration when POCUS was and was not performed. Results A total of 110 CPR pauses were evaluated during this study. The median CPR pause with POCUS performed lasted 17 s (IQR 13 − 22.5) versus 11 s (IQR 7 − 16) without POCUS. In addition, multiple regression analysis demonstrated that POCUS was associated with longer pauses (6.4 s, 95%CI 2.1- 10.8); ultrasound fellowship trained faculty trended towards shorter CPR pauses (-4.1 s, 95%CI −8.8–0.6) compared to non-ultrasound fellowship trained faculty; and when the same provider led the resuscitation and performed the POCUS, pause durations were 6.1 s (95%CI 0.4 −11.8) longer than when another provider performed the POCUS. Conclusion In this prospective cohort trial of 24 patients with CA, POCUS during CPR pauses was associated with longer interruptions in CPR.
Student outcomes from the evaluation of a transdisciplinary middle school robotics program

Robotics activities allow students to gain confidence in their abilities to use technology creatively, express themselves, and solve problems of interest. However, many traditional robotics elective programs suffer from self-selection and reach only a subset of students. Arts & Bots is a middle school robotics program which integrates robotics into non-technology classes to engage a more diverse population of students. In this paper, we present the collected student outcomes from our program evaluation study which ran from 2013 until 2017. During this time, Arts & Bots was implemented by 24 teachers in 66 classes, reaching 727 middle school students. Program evaluation data included pre- and post-surveys, daily reflection sheets, project presentation videos, and classroom observations. Between pre- and post-tests, we recorded better student understanding of what engineering careers entail, and found that female students caught up to their male peers in their understanding. Our analysis also shows pre/post improvement in student technical knowledge. Quantitative survey results are complemented by our coding and analysis of qualitative student short answers. We found that female students were significantly more likely than male peers to mention increases in confidence on the post-survey. This paper concludes with a discussion of trends in the evaluation results.
Mediated memory work and resistant remembering of wartime sexual violence, 1992–1995

While historical records of wartime rape, sexual violence, and sexual torture date back to the Roman Empire, the 1990s signaled a fundamental shift in the understanding of the role of sexual violen...
The Structure and Role of Membranes in the Mitotic Apparatus

Membranes are common components of the mitotic apparatus of dividing cells (Harris 1975; Hepler 1977). Although they have been recognized for over twenty years in ultrastructural studies of the mitotic apparatus, they have received much less attention than the spindle microtubules and have occupied a relatively minor role in our effort to elucidate the mechanism and control of mitosis.
Applications of Representations and Butler Groups

The theory of Butler groups has, a priori, little relevance for p-local torsion-free groups. This is so because p-local Butler groups are completely decomposable. Nevertheless, isomorphism at p classes of finite rank Butler groups can be interpreted as torsion-free ℤ p -modules of finite rank (Corollary 8.1.9). Rank-1 groups correspond to purely indecomposable p-local groups, and bracket groups correspond to copurely indecomposable p-local groups.
A Research Tool to Increase Attention to Experimental Materials: Manipulating Presentation Format

Experimental approaches require researchers in a variety of applied business disciplines to design experimental materials. This research is often busy and difficult to secure high-level professionals; thus, researchers must ensure sufficient attention to experimental materials to provide usable data. The current study suggests an experimental design feature to encourage participants to thoroughly process information contained in experimental materials. Based on Reynolds' (1992) selective attention strategy (SAS) model, variations in presentation format were expected to influence the relative salience of information presented. Two aspects of presentation format were manipulated to increase salience: display (paragraph vs. bullet point) and typeface (standard vs. bold underlined). Results indicate display improved ability to retrieve information, but typeface did not. Implications for the design of experimental materials are discussed.
Additive effects of household food insecurity during pregnancy and infancy on maternal infant feeding styles and practices.

Abstract Food insecurity, or the limited access to food, has been associated with maternal child feeding styles and practices. While studies in other parenting domains suggest differential and additive impacts of poverty-associated stressors during pregnancy and infancy, few studies have assessed relations between food insecurity during these sensitive times and maternal infant feeding styles and practices. This study sought to analyze these relations in low-income Hispanic mother-infant pairs enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of an early obesity prevention program (Starting Early). Food insecurity was measured prenatally and during infancy at 10 months. Food insecurity timing was categorized as never, prenatal only, infancy only, or both. Regression analyses were used to determine relations between food insecurity timing and styles and practices at 10 months, using never experiencing food insecurity as the reference, adjusting for family characteristics and material hardships. 412 mother-infant pairs completed 10-month assessments. Prolonged food insecurity during both periods was associated with greater pressuring, indulgent and laissez-faire styles compared to never experiencing food insecurity. Prenatal food insecurity was associated with less vegetable and more juice intake. If food insecurity is identified during pregnancy, interventions to prevent food insecurity from persisting into infancy may mitigate the development of obesity-promoting feeding styles and practices.
Stigma and help-seeking: The interplay of substance use and gender and sexual minority identity.

Abstract Problematic substance use is a global public health concern. However, despite high rates of substance use (SU) and related consequences, rates of treatment seeking remain low. Furthermore, individuals who identify as a gender/sexual minority (GSM) have both increased rates of problematic use and less mental health treatment utilization. Society has stigmatized both SU and GSM identity and created marginalized communities. Individuals who identify with both groups are uniquely situated in that they experience stigma related to both their SU (SU stigma) and their GSM identity (GSM stigma). The objective of this study was to examine how identifying with these stigmatized groups may influence help-seeking behavior for SU treatment. Participants were N = 171 individuals with a history of problematic SU recruited on a national scale, including N = 67 identifying as GSM. Results from multiple and logistic regression found main effects for SU stigma, such that, more anticipated SU stigma predicted more help-seeking intentions (β = 0.25, p = .04), and, controlling for SU severity, more enacted SU stigma was associated with a higher likelihood of having sought help in the past (Expβ = 4.18, p = .001). However, while we found a main effect for GSM stigma of the same direction when predicting intentions to seek help (β = 0.28, p = .02), GSM stigma was not associated with past help-seeking behavior. Lastly, the interaction between SU stigma and GSM stigma was not significant. Clinical implications are discussed, as well as future directions for subsequent research.
Regional cerebral blood flow in physiologic and pathophysiologic states.

Publisher Summary The blood flow of the brain is markedly heterogeneous and the changes, which occur in cerebral perfusion in various physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions, are often focal in nature. This chapter deals with a quantitative method for measuring such regional changes in cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and delineates those changes that occur in cerebral hemodynamics under various conditions. The normal values for rCBF in cats are presented. The effect of slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep on these flow values is discussed in relation to the distribution of changes seen and the possible mechanism responsible for these changes. Studies in cats following cerebral trauma are reported which demonstrate a focal loss of the normal autoregulatory capacity of the cerebral vessels. Prolonged partial asphyxia in the term monkey fetus and its effect on rCBF was also studied. The mechanism of production of these flow changes and their relation to the pathologic changes seen in these animals is discussed. Finally, preliminary results from the development of an autoradiographic technique for measuring regional cerebral glucose consumption in vivo utilizing [2- 14 C] deoxyglucose are presented.
Sex-specific hepatic lipid and bile acid metabolism alterations in Fancd2-deficient mice following dietary challenge

Defects in the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA damage–response pathway result in genomic instability, developmental defects, hematopoietic failure, cancer predisposition, and metabolic disorders. The endogenous sources of damage contributing to FA phenotypes and the links between FA and metabolic disease remain poorly understood. Here, using mice lacking the Fancd2 gene, encoding a central FA pathway component, we investigated whether the FA pathway protects against metabolic challenges. Fancd2−/− and wildtype (WT) mice were fed a standard diet (SD), a diet enriched in fat, cholesterol, and cholic acid (Paigen diet), or a diet enriched in lipid alone (high-fat diet (HFD)). Fancd2−/− mice developed hepatobiliary disease and exhibited decreased survival when fed a Paigen diet but not a HFD. Male Paigen diet–fed mice lacking Fancd2 had significant biliary hyperplasia, increased serum bile acid concentration, and increased hepatic pathology. In contrast, female mice were similarly impacted by Paigen diet feeding regardless of Fancd2 status. Upon Paigen diet challenge, male Fancd2−/− mice had altered expression of genes encoding hepatic bile acid transporters and cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism proteins, including Scp2/x, Abcg5/8, Abca1, Ldlr, Srebf1, and Scd-1. Untargeted lipidomic profiling in liver tissue revealed 132 lipid species, including sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, and glycerolipids, that differed significantly in abundance depending on Fancd2 status in male mice. We conclude that the FA pathway has sex-specific impacts on hepatic lipid and bile acid metabolism, findings that expand the known functions of the FA pathway and may provide mechanistic insight into the metabolic disease predisposition in individuals with FA.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A CARDIAC HOME HOSPICE PROGRAM FOR ADVANCED STAGE HEART FAILURE PATIENTS

Heart failure (HF) patients encounter distressing symptoms at the end-of-life including dyspnea, edema, and fatigue. Left untreated, these symptoms increase risk for hospice disenrollment. This presentation used the RE-AIM framework to examine a cardiac home hospice program for HF patients. Qualitative interviews with hospice providers (N=32) and quantitative medical record data were used to examine the program. Reach—1,183 HF participants were served between 2013-2016. Effectiveness—Enrollment of HF patients in the hospice program increased from 7.9% to 9.5% after the cardiac protocol was implemented. Adoption—implementation was spearheaded by a clinical champion aware of the challenges of HF symptom management. Implementation— additional support services (i.e., paramedicine, infusion services, cardiac comfort medication kits) were incorporated in the cardiac protocol to better manage complex clinical cases in the home. Maintenance— Reinforcing factors include ongoing training for nursing staff and a 3.5-hour introduction module providing information about HF case management and symptoms/treatments.