cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Limiting Order of Amino Acids in Corn and Soybean Meal for Growth of the Chick

Several experiments were conducted with crossbred chicks during the period 8 to 22 d posthatching to establish the limiting order of amino acids (AA) in corn and dehulled soybean meal (SBM) and in a corn-SBM mixture. Cecectomized adult cockerels were used to determine true AA digestibilities in both corn and SBM, and AA fortification levels were based upon bringing digestible AA levels to their ideal levels (expressed as a percentage of CP). Ideal ratios (percentage of lysine) used were Lys, 100; sulfur AA (SAA), 72; Arg, 105; Val, 77; Thr, 67; Trp, 16; Ile, 67; His, 37; Phe+Tyr, 105; and Leu, 111. Diets were fed at 10% CP, but they contained corn or SBM in amounts that would just meet the ideal concentration of the AA in greatest excess (Leu for corn; Phe for SBM). Thus, the corn diets contained only 5.6% CP from corn whereas the SBM diets contained only 8.0% CP from SBM. Diets were adjusted to 10% CP from AA additions, with glutamate varying as necessary. The limiting order of AA in corn was 1) Lys, 2) Thr, 3) Trp, 4) Arg, Ile, and Val, 5) Met+cystine, 6) Phe+Tyr, and 7) His. In SBM, the limiting order was 1)Met+cystine, 2) Thr, 3) Lys and Val, 4) nonspecific amino nitrogen, and 5) His. The order of limiting AA in the corn-SBM mixture was 1) Met, 2) Thr, 3) Lys, 4) Val, 5) Arg, and 6) Trp.
C3: The Challenge of Change

The power, range, and speed of weapons have increased exponentially during the last 50 or so years. The more powerful the weapon, the more serious becomes its use. The faster the weapon, the shorter the reaction time required of the user. The greater the range of the weapon, the larger the problem of knowing target location. The more quickly these parameters change, the greater the user's learning problem and the less the opportunity to learn through experience. The cultural shock widely recognized in society in general is even more serious to today's military commander, because the consequences of his acts can be global in nature. Technology offers some help in making the use of modern weapons more efficient and in reducing the probability of unwanted effects. But the problem of matching the rapidly changing new technology to the rapidly changing requirements of military command, control, and communications (C3), selecting improvements that will help, and rejecting those just nice to have-all this, in the absence of pertinent experience, is the challenge of change.
Truth Values and the Value of Truth

This paper explores the ways in which truth is better than falsehood, and suggests that, among other things, it depends on the kinds of proposition to which these values are attached. Ordinary singular propositions like “It is raining” seem to fit best the bivalent “scheme” of classical logic, the general proposition “It is always raining” is more appropriately rated according to how often it rains, and a “practically vague” proposition like “The lecture will start at 1” is appropriately rated according to its nearness to exactness. Implications for logic of this “rating system” are commented on.
The Culture of History: English Uses of the Past 1800–1953 – By Billie Melman

How did English men and women view their past? Indeed, what past did they view? These are the two questions the author asks in this fascinating book. From the arrival of Marie Tussaud in England wi...
Stimulation of both type I and type II corticosteroid receptors blunts counterregulatory responses to subsequent hypoglycemia in healthy man

Antecedent increases of corticosteroids can blunt counterregulatory responses to subsequent stress. Our aim was to determine whether prior activation of type I corticosteroid (mineralocorticoid) or...
PharmGKB Update: III. Genetic Variants of SLC22A1, Solute Carrier Family 22 (Organic Cation Transporter), Member 1

Category: Genotype PharmGKB Submission Number: PS203001 Date of Submission: June 16, 2003 Project: Pharmacogenetics of Membrane Transporters HGNC Symbol: SLC22A1 HGNC Name: solute carrier family 22 (organic cation transporter), member 1
Preparation of centimeter-sized zeolite crystals by hydrothermal seeded growth

Centimeter-sized crystals of pyridine dodecasil 3C (all silica zeolite ZSM-39) have been prepared using hydrothermal seeded growth techniques and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, optical microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. Zeolites containing organic guest molecules are attractive candidates for high-technology materials, since their properties can be fine-tuned through systematic variation of the guest molecule within a given zeolite framework. Their application has been inhibited, however, by the unavailability of large-sized, high-purity crystals suitable for macroscopic manipulation and properties measurement. Indeed, even millimeter-sized single crystals of this type have been classified as ``giant crystals``, and the problems associated with growing larger samples are well-documented. The authors demonstrate here, however, the seeded hydrothermal growth of macroscopic, highly pure zeolite host-guest complexes can be achieved through judicious choice of silica sources and carefully optimized reaction conditions.
Anatomically Constrained Decoding of Finger Flexion from Electrocorticographic Signals

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) use brain signals to convey a user's intent. Some BCI approaches begin by decoding kinematic parameters of movements from brain signals, and then proceed to using these signals, in absence of movements, to allow a user to control an output. Recent results have shown that electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings from the surface of the brain in humans can give information about kinematic parameters (e.g., hand velocity or finger flexion). The decoding approaches in these demonstrations usually employed classical classification/regression algorithms that derive a linear mapping between brain signals and outputs. However, they typically only incorporate little prior information about the target kinematic parameter. In this paper, we show that different types of anatomical constraints that govern finger flexion can be exploited in this context. Specifically, we incorporate these constraints in the construction, structure, and the probabilistic functions of a switched non-parametric dynamic system (SNDS) model. We then apply the resulting SNDS decoder to infer the flexion of individual fingers from the same ECoG dataset used in a recent study. Our results show that the application of the proposed model, which incorporates anatomical constraints, improves decoding performance compared to the results in the previous work. Thus, the results presented in this paper may ultimately lead to neurally controlled hand prostheses with full fine-grained finger articulation.
Trust and Transitions in Modes of Exchange

In this study, we investigate the relationship between uncertainty and trust in exogenous shifts in modes of social exchange (i.e., those that are not initiated by the individuals in a given exchange system). We explore how transitions from a high uncertainty environment (reciprocal exchange) to lower-uncertainty environments (nonbinding or binding negotiated exchange) affect the level of trust among exchange partners. Our results show that if cooperation rates are high before and after a change in mode of exchange, trust declines when the uncertainty created by the mode of exchange decreases. Furthermore, we find that trust depends on both the amount of uncertainty inherent in the form of the exchange and the level of cooperation before and after the transition.
Strongly History-Independent Hashing with Applications

We present a strongly history independent (SHI) hash table that supports search in O(l) worst-case time, and insert and delete in O(l) expected time using O(n) data space. This matches the bounds for dynamic perfect hashing, and improves on the best previous results by Naor and league on history independent hashing, which were either weakly history independent, or only supported insertion and search (no delete) each in O(l) expected time. The results can be used to construct many other SHI data structures. We show straightforward constructions for SHI ordered dictionaries: for n keys from {l,..., nk} searches take O(log log n) worst-case time and updates (insertions and deletions) O(log log n) expected time, and for keys in the comparison model searches take O(log n) worst-case time and updates O(log n) expected time. We also describe a SHI data structure for the order-maintenance problem. It supports comparisons in O(l) worst-case time, and updates in 0(1) expected time. All structures use O(n) data space.
Processing high data rate streams in System S

High-performance stream processing is critical in many sense-and-respond application domains-from environmental monitoring to algorithmic trading. In this paper, we focus on language and runtime support for improving the performance of sense-and-respond applications in processing data from high-rate live streams. The central tenets of this work are the programming model, the workload splitting mechanisms, the code generation framework, and the underlying System S middleware and Spade programming model. We demonstrate considerable scalability behavior coupled with low processing latency in a real-world financial trading application.
Cortactin regulates cell migration through activation of N-WASP

Cortactin is an actin-associated scaffolding protein that regulates cell migration. Amplification of the human gene, EMS1, has been detected in breast, head and neck tumors, where it correlates with increased invasiveness. Cortactin can regulate actin dynamics directly via its N-terminal half, which can bind and activate the Arp2/3 complex. The C-terminal portion of cortactin, however, is thought to have limited function in its regulation of the actin polymerization machinery. In this report, we identify a role for the cortactin C-terminus in regulating cell migration and, more specifically, actin dynamics. Overexpression of either full-length cortactin or cortactin C-terminus is sufficient to enhance migration of mammary epithelial cells. In vitro, cortactin binds to and activates, via its SH3 domain, a regulator of the Arp2/3 complex, neural Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome protein (N-WASP). This in vitro activation of N-WASP is likely to be important in vivo, as cortactin-enhanced migration is dependent upon N-WASP. Thus, our results suggest that cortactin has multiple mechanisms by which it can recruit and modulate the actin machinery and ultimately regulate cell migration.
Subjective and objective evaluations of teacher effectiveness: Evidence from New York City☆

Abstract A substantial literature documents large variation in teacher effectiveness at raising student achievement, providing motivation to identify highly effective and ineffective teachers early in their careers. Using data from New York City public schools, we estimate whether subjective evaluations of teacher effectiveness have predictive power for the achievement gains made by teachers' future students. We find that these subjective evaluations have substantial power, comparable with and complementary to objective measures of teacher effectiveness taken from a teacher's first year in the classroom.
Exploiting Belief Locality in Run-Time Decision-Theoretic Planners

While Partially-Observable Markov Decision Processes have become a popular means of representing realistic planning problems, exact approaches to finding POMDP policies are extremely computationally complex. An alternative approach for control in POMDP domains is to use run-time optimization over action sequences in a dynamic decision network. While exact algorithms have to generate a policy over the entire belief space, a run-time approach only needs to reason about the reachable parts of the belief space. By combining runtime planning with caching, it is possible to exploit locality of belief states in POMDPS, allowing for significant speedups in plan generation. This paper introduces and evaluates an exact caching mechanism and a grid-based caching mechanism.
A Coherentist Theory of Normative Authority

What makes an ``ought'' claim authoritative? What makes aparticular norm genuinely reason-giving for an agent? This paper arguesthat normative authority can best be accounted for in terms of thejustification of norms. The main obstacle to such a theory, however, isa regress problem. The worry is that every attempt to offer ajustification for an ``ought'' claim must appeal to another ``ought''claim, ad infinitum. The paper argues that vicious regress canbe avoided in practical reasoning in the same way coherentists avoid theproblem in epistemology. Norms are justified by their coherence withother norms.
Unraveling questions surrounding clopidogrel resistance and stent thrombosis: one less snag.

Patients with symptomatic coronary atherosclerosis tend to have recurrent ischemic events despite treatment with evidenced-based therapies, including aspirin and clopidogrel. Recently, it has become appealing to speculate that some patients do not receive the anticipated benefit from antiplatelet
New Directions for Language Resource Development and Distribution

Despite the growth in the number of linguistic data centers around the world, their accomplishments and expansions and the advances they have help enable, the language resources that exist are a small fraction of those required to meet the goals of Human Language Technologies (HLT) for the worlds languages and the promises they offer: broad access to knowledge, direct communication across language boundaries and engagement in a global community. Using the Linguistic Data Consortium as a focus case, this paper sketches the progress of data centers, summarizes recent activities and then turns to several issues that have received inadequate attention and proposes some new approaches to their resolution.
Employees' Micro-Break Activities and Job Performance:An Examination of Telemarketing Employees

The current research examines micro-break activities as a recovery process and investigates the effects of employees' micro-break activities on their positive affect as well as job performance. Dra...
Describing Drugs: A Response to Professors Allison and Ouellette

Profs. Allison and Ouellette’s Article, How Courts Adjudicate Patent Definiteness and Disclosure, 65 Duke L.J. 609 (2015), on courts’ adjudication of certain patent disputes presents some surprising data: pharmaceutical patents litigated to judgment fare substantially worse on written-description analyses if they are not part of traditional pioneer-generic litigation. This Response engages in several hypotheses for this disparity and examines the cases that make up Allison and Ouellette’s dataset. An analysis of these cases finds that the disparity can be best explained by technological and judicial idiosyncrasies in each case, rather than larger differences among pharmaceutical patent cases. This finding contextualizes the power and limits of large-scale empirical patent scholarship, like Allison and Ouellette’s, and provides of model for how empirical and doctrinal patent scholarship can complement one another.
Histamine release into the circulation by meperidine (Demerol).

SummaryMeperidine is a potent histamine releasing agent in the anesthetized dog. The quantitative and kinetic aspects of this phenomenon strongly suggest that it is responsible for the cardiovascular effects of this drug.
OUTCOMES OF IMPELLA ASSISTED PERCUTANEOUS BALLOON AORTIC VALVULOPLASTY IN VERY HIGH RISK SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS PATIENTS

Limited data available suggests poor outcomes with high risk Percutaneous Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty (PBAV) in patients with severe aortic stenosis and coexistent severe left ventricular dysfunction, recent decompensated heart failure or severe coronary artery disease. Retrospective analysis of
Ultrasound perfusion signal processing for tumor detection

Enhanced blood perfusion in a tissue mass is an indication of neo-vascularity and a sign of a potential malignancy. Ultrasonic pulsed-Doppler imaging is a preferred modality for noninvasive monitoring of blood flow. However, the weak blood echoes and disorganized slow flow make it difficult to detect perfusion using standard methods without the expense and risk of contrast enhancement. Our research measures the efficiency of conventional power-Doppler (PD) methods at discriminating flow states by comparing measurement performance to that of an ideal discriminator. ROC analysis applied to the experimental results shows that power Doppler methods are just 30-50 % efficient at perfusion flows less than 1ml/min, suggesting an opportunity to improve perfusion assessment through signal processing. A new perfusion estimator is proposed by extending the statistical discriminator approach. We show that 2-D perfusion color imaging may be enhanced using this approach.
Virulence of Nosema pyrausta to the European Corn Borer When Used in Combination with Insecticides

The virulence of Nosema pyrausta (Paillot) in combination with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, carbaryl, and carbofuran in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), was studied under field and laboratory conditions. Under field conditions, the percentage of larvae obtaining an infection of N. pyrausta and the intensity (spores/eg larval tissue) of these infections did not differ significantly among the insecticide treatments and the check. Under laboratory conditions, the percentage of larvae obtaining a N. pyrausta infection was not significantly different among treatments, suggesting that at the rates tested, insecticides used in this study do not affect the percentage of larvae obtaining a N. pyrausta infection. However, the intensity of N. pyrausta infection was affected by insecticides under the conditions of the experiment.
Detection of evoked acetylcholine release in mouse brain slices

The study of transmitter interactions in reward and motor pathways in the brain, including the striatum, requires methodology to detect stimulus-driven neurotransmitter release events. Such methods exist for dopamine, and have contributed to the understanding of local and behavioral factors that regulate dopamine release. However, factors that regulate release of another key transmitter in these pathways, acetylcholine (ACh), are unresolved, in part because of limited temporal and spatial resolution of current detection methods. We have optimized a voltammetric method for detection of local stimulus-evoked ACh release using enzyme-coated carbon-fiber microelectrodes and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. These electrodes are based on the detection of H2O2 generated by the actions of acetylcholine esterase and choline oxidase, and reliably respond to ACh in a concentration-dependent manner. Methods for enzyme coating were optimized for mechanical stability that allowed for their use in ex vivo brain slices. We report here the first quantitative assessment of extracellular ACh concentration after local electrical stimulation in dorsal striatum in slices from control mice. The selective detection of ACh under these conditions was confirmed by showing that the response detected in the control slices was absent in slices from mice bred to lack ACh synthesis in the forebrain. These electrodes represent a new tool to study ACh and ACh-dopamine interactions with micrometer spatial resolution.
A proposed biology- and biomarker-based algorithm for management of acute GvHD

Acute GvHD remains a major cause of hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT)-related mortality. aGvHD represents the primary limitation to more widespread use of allogeneic HCT as a potentially curative modality for patients with malignant and non-malignant diseases. Two main approaches may improve the outcomes of patients with aGvHD: the ability to diagnose the disease in a timely manner, or even predict aGvHD prior to clinical manifestation (Figure 1), along with the accurate stratification of these patients (Figure 2). Secondly, novel therapeutic targets are desperately needed as no treatment to date added to upfront steroids has proven beneficial.
Elucidation of the Molecular Mechanisms by Which Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Monokines Regulate Interferon (IFN)- γ Production.

Abstract Pro-inflammatory monocyte-derived cytokines (monokines) such as interleukin (IL)-12, IL-15 and IL-18 work in concert to quickly induce IFN- γ in natural killer (NK) cells, while the anti-inflammatory monokine transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) can suppress NK cell IFN- γ production. Here, we provide new molecular evidence as to how these monokines carry out their opposing functions. In the human NK-92 cell line we show that Smad proteins, mediators of TGF- β1 signaling, directly inhibit IFN- γ production. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we found that both Smad2 and Smad4 associate with the IFN- γ promoter in the proximal region but not in other regions, such as exon 4. Luciferase reporter assays in 293T cells indicated that Smad2 alone, which does not possess a DNA binding domain, had little effect on the inhibition IFN-γ of promoter activity. In contrast, Smad3 and Smad4, both of which have DNA binding activity, dramatically suppressed IFN-γ promoter activity. Co-transfection of Smad2 and Smad4, or Smad3 and Smad4, in 293T cells resulted in synergistic repression. Interestingly, the Smad proteins also inhibited the transactivation of the IFN-γ promoter by T-BET, a recently discovered transcription factor controlling IFN- γ production in mouse T cells and NK cells. This was consistent with our data showing that TGF-β1 inhibited T-BET expression in human NK cells. Using IFN-γ promoter deletion constructs, we mapped the region responsible for Smad-mediated inhibition to the -204 proximal promoter, where Smad binding elements are enriched. In parallel, using micro-array analysis, western-blotting and semi-quantitative PCR in human primary NK cells and the NK-92 cell line, we demonstrated that the combination of the pro-inflammatory monkines IL-12 with IL-15 or IL-18 was able to antagonize multiple components of TGF- β1 signaling, including: 1) inhibition of the expression and the phosphorylation of Smad2; 2) suppression of Smad3 expression; and 3) down-regulation of the expression of the TGF- β receptor II subunit. Moreover, although these monokines had no effect on Smad4 expression, using ChIP assay we observed that Smad4 dissociated from the proximal IFN-γ promoter upon co-stimulation of NK cells with IL-12 and IL-18. In summary, our data show that TGF- β1 suppresses IFN- γ production via the direct binding of Smad proteins to the proximal IFN-γ promoter and via inhibition of T-BET, while the pro-inflammatory cytokines serve to inhibit or down modulate TGF- μ signaling components and reverse Smad binding to the proximal IFN-γ promoter. Thus, we suggest that NK cell production of IFN-γ is controlled by the integration of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory monokine signals, leading to reciprocal antagonism.
Informal Care Networks in the Context of Multimorbidity: Size, Composition, and Associations With Recipient Psychological Well-Being.

Objective: We evaluate how the size and composition of care networks change with increasing morbidity count (i.e., multimorbidity) and how larger care networks relate to recipient psychological wel...
Notes on the Fauna of the Chipola Formation- XXII on the Occurrence of Dolicholatirus (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

The small genus-group for which the name Dolicholatirus is now employed has a lengthy geologic history, dating back to the late Cretaceous Owl Creek Formation of Mississippi.
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a painful compression neuropathy of the tibial nerve as it travels through the tarsal tunnel. This compression can lead to neuritic symptoms of the medial ankle and plantar foot. Treatment is dependent upon the etiology. Surgical care involves releasing the tunnel to limit compression of the tibial nerve. Surgical treatment is recommended after a trial of nonoperative care, especially for space-occupying lesions.
New Persistent Opioid Use Among Patients With Cancer After Curative-Intent Surgery.

PurposeThe current epidemic of prescription opioid misuse has increased scrutiny of postoperative opioid prescribing. Some 6% to 8% of opioid-naive patients undergoing noncancer procedures develop new persistent opioid use; however, it is unknown if a similar risk applies to patients with cancer. We sought to define the risk of new persistent opioid use after curative-intent surgery, identify risk factors, and describe changes in daily opioid dose over time after surgery.MethodsUsing a national data set of insurance claims, we identified patients with cancer undergoing curative-intent surgery from 2010 to 2014. We included melanoma, breast, colorectal, lung, esophageal, and hepato-pancreato-biliary/gastric cancer. Primary outcomes were new persistent opioid use (opioid-naive patients who continued filling opioid prescriptions 90 to 180 days after surgery) and daily opioid dose (evaluated monthly during the year after surgery). Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for new persistent opioid...
Creativity, Design, and Transdisciplinarity

This chapter explores the relationship of creativity, design, and transdisciplinarity, with emphasis on collaborative research. It sorts through definitions of the core terms in order to identify their intersections across discourses of transdisciplinarity. Outcomes differ from extending an existing approach to redirecting or reformulating it. Contexts likewise differ from product innovation to environmental problem solving. However, shared characteristics of novelty, boundary crossing, and generativity appear widely as well as synthesis, critique, and reflexivity. In the first of three examples—architecture and urban planning—transdisciplinary approaches are generating new hybrid modes of inquiry and action that are bridging gaps between critical theory and projective design and between practice and social, political, and normative concerns. Designerly ways of thinking are also leveraging creative dimensions of practice, fostering relational knowledge while being open to subjectivity and the unexpected. The second example—environmental sustainability—highlights heuristic thinking in an “ecological rationality” or “pragmatism” that fits a particular problem, rather than deriving from a generic method. Transdisciplinary problem solving is reimagined as a creative art of invention, accentuating discovery and learning. The third example—integrations of physical sciences and engineering with life sciences and medicine—is fostering creative development of alternative methods and protocols. A process of divergence–convergence is spinning off new uses through “combinatorial innovation.” The chapter closes by reflecting on an overriding topic that emerges from intersections of the core concepts—situated learning—then concludes by reflecting on the phenomenon of increased boundary crossing.
The Use of X-ray Computed Tomography Technologies in Forensic Anthropology

The use of radiology, including X-ray computed tomography (CT), to examine skeletal remains is not new, but the use of postmortem CT (PMCT) in medicolegal investigations by forensic anthropologists is relatively rare, at least in the United States. The use of medical or industrial CT technology may be a viable option available to forensic anthropologists for digital preservation and to conduct nondestructive analyses of the internal and external structures of bone. The 3D reconstruction can be used for biological profile development, trauma analysis, taphonomic evaluation, identification, 3D digitization, and measurement. Here we review some of the differences between industrial and medical CT systems and discuss some of the advantages and limitations of exploiting industrial CT technology in the postmortem examination of skeletal remains. Finally, we provide two examples of forensic anthropology laboratories utilizing industrial CT systems and discuss some of the applications that can be used by forensic anthropologists in PMCT.KEYWORDS: forensic anthropology, computed tomography, CT, industrial CT
Poor prognosis of bladder cancer patients with occult lymph node metastases treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Objectives To characterise the outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) pre-treated patients found to be lymph node (LN)-positive at the time of radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection (RC/PLND) for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). Patients and methods Of 1484 patients treated with RC/PLND for UCB from 2000 to 2010, we analysed 198 patients with clinically non-metastatic (cN0M0) muscle-invasive UCB who were found to be LN-positive at RC/PLND. As patients not receiving perioperative chemotherapy were significantly older and comorbid, we compared LN-positive patients previously treated with NAC (32 patients) to LN-positive patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (AC, 49 patients) using Cox proportional hazards models. A sensitivity analysis was designed to account for the additional time to RC in NAC patients. Results The 3-year recurrence-free survival estimate for LN-positive NAC patients was 26%, compared with 60% for LN-positive AC patients. LN-positive patients treated with NAC had significantly higher risks of disease recurrence and cancer-specific mortality in univariate analyses (hazard ratio [HR] 2.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58-5.19, P = 0.001 and HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.34-4.65, P = 0.004, respectively) and multivariable analyses adjusting for pathological stage and LN density (HR 3.11, 95% CI 1.59-6.07, P = 0.001 and HR 3.05, 95% CI 1.46-6.35, P = 0.003, respectively). Sensitivity analyses similarly demonstrated worse outcomes for NAC pre-treated LN-positive patients. Conclusion LN-positive patients previously treated with NAC have a poor prognosis, significantly worse than LN-positive patients subsequently treated with AC, and should be considered for protocols using sandwich chemotherapy approaches or novel agents. These results should be considered in the interpretation of and stratification for clinical trials.
Gas cluster ion beam processing for improved self aligned contact yield at 7 nm node FinFET: MJ: MOL and junction interfaces

Self-aligned contact (SAC) is required for 7 nm node to reduce susceptibility of contact-to-gate short failures. This requires forming a SAC cap on metal-recessed gate. The SAC cap formation is usually achieved by removing nitride on the field by planarization techniques such CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) or GCIB (gas cluster ion beam) processes. Significant gate stack height variation can be observed lot-to-lot and wafer-to-wafer due to accumulated variations from multiple steps, including several CMP steps, before the SAC cap module, especially during early research and development prior to full optimization of the steps before the SAC cap module. GCIB potentially offers a method by which the early development stage variation due to CMP steps can be reduced, allowing integration and device learning during the early stages of a program. This study shows a comparison of SAC cap formation by CMP only vs. GCIB with integrated metrology enabled location specific processing. By using GCIB with feed-forward scatterometry measurements taken from a 2D measurement pad we have been able to significantly improve both lot-to-lot and wafer-to-wafer variation on early development wafers. This has led to improvement in within wafer SAC cap thickness non-uniformity, wafer to wafer and lot to lot device yield for gate-contact over a CMP-only process flow.
Teaching Automatic Linear Scanning for Computer Access: A Case Study of a Preschooler with Severe Physical and Communication Disabilities.

A case study is presented, documenting a cognitive developmentally-based instructional protocol to teach automatic linear scanning for computer access to a 4 year, 11 month old girl with severe physical and communication disabilities who was unable to use the standard computer keyboard. The instructional protocol served to provide a bridge between the child's initial incomplete representation of the scanning task and the representation required to scan successfully, by maximizing the familiarity of the task for the child, highlighting the relevant cues, and minimizing the number of items of information to be coordinated. Results of a multiple probe design indicated the efficacy of the instructional procedures. The instructional program is discussed in light of cognitive/development theory, educational applications, and directions for future research.
Preoperative and Postoperative Care of the Thoracic Surgery Patient

Major pulmonary and esophageal procedures place tremendous physiological stress on patients. Over the past three decades, the morbidity and mortality associated with thoracic surgical procedures has dropped significantly. This increase in safety is attributable to a shift in disease process from infectious to malignant, and advances in anesthetic techniques, surgical precision, patient selection, and perioperative care. The process of patient selection includes better preoperative staging of malignancy and physiological assessment and evaluation of fitness for operation. Today, a grand majority of general thoracic operations are performed for malignancy; we treat far fewer infectious processes than our predecessors. Our patients in general are better fit for surgery and their expectation for full functional recovery is much higher. We review some significant points in perioperative care of thoracic surgery patients including preoperative cardiac and pulmonary assessment, perioperative antibiotic use, pain management, chest tube management, and the use of postoperative anticoagulants and antiarrhythmics.
Resonant Modulation of Monolithic Laser Diodes at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

Most millimeter wave systems ( > ∼ 70 GHz) operate in a relatively narrow bandwidth albeit at frequencies much above the presently attainable direct modulation bandwidth of laser diodes. In this chapter, it is shown that through the use of active mode locking technique [87] efficient direct optical modulation of semiconductor lasers at frequencies up to and beyond 100 GHz is fundamentally possible. In the present literature, the term “mode-locking” is synonymous with short-pulse generation, in which many longitudinal modes are locked in phase. Here, it is used in a more liberal sense to encompass effects resulting from the modulation of a laser parameter at the inter-longitudinal modal spacing frequency, which is identical to the “round-trip frequency” defined before in Chap. 8, even when it results in the phase locking of only a small number of modes (2–3).
A preferred habitat for liquidity in term repos: Before, during and after the financial crisis

Abstract The money market rates in the United States have exhibited a year-end effect consistent with the preferred habitat for liquidity. We revisit the year-end preferred habitat for liquidity using data on government general collateral repurchase agreements (GC Repos). We find no evidence to suggest a year-end effect during the financial crisis. The result is consistent with liquidity hoarding by investors during a crisis characterized by liquidity and solvency issues. Additionally, our findings suggest that investors manage their year-end liquidity following the crisis even when interest rates are historically low.
Diesel Exhaust Control

Abstract Potential health hazards from diesel exhaust are discussed in detail. Properly diluted exhaust does not appear to create any additional hazard in coal mines. Global diesel particulate matter (DPM) standards are listed. An integrated approach to dilute DPM to 0.12 mg/m3 is fully discussed. It includes clean engines with specific DPM emission on the order of 0.05 gm/bhp-hr and clean fuels with a sulfur content of 15 ppm (wt.). A catalytic converter is advocated as a mandatory requirement with an additional diesel soot filter. Low temperature filters with a water bath and paper filter as well as a high temperature ceramic filter with active or passive regeneration is discussed. Various mathematical models of diesel exhaust dilution are developed to prove that ventilation air needed for static dilution provides a margin of safety. Maintenance of engine and proper training of mechanics are emphasized. Finally, the West Virginia diesel regulations (prepared by the author) are discussed and recommended as a model for the coal industry worldwide.
So You Don’t Get Tricked: Counter-Narratives of Literacy in a Rural Mexican Community

A recent nine-month field study considered the relationships among school-sponsored and community forms of literacy practices in a migrantsending area of rural Mexico. While many teachers in rural Mexico argue that students should remain in school rather than migrate to the U.S., this study demonstrates the ways in which schools in rural Mexico often do not recognize the needs of the communities that they serve. As a result, students in these schools often develop a pragmatic orientation toward formal literacy. While many of the skills that they learn help them navigate commercial and government bureaucracies, these students do not adopt the values embedded in formal education. Rather, they implicitly question the promise of education as a neutral means to social and economic mobility.
The Rebel: A Visual Representation of First-Wave Feminism in the Work of Frances Benjamin Johnston

This article seeks to identify the competing ideological factions that contributed to the rise of first-wave feminism (1848–1920) in the United States. Discussing how these ideologies were visually...
“This Is the Next Me”: The Evolution of AI in the Whedonverses

Perdigao examines how the multiple worlds of Joss Whedon, spanning more than twenty years, represent a “progressive awakening” about the Singularity, the moment when “human life will be irreversibly transformed” by the pace and impact of technological change (Vinge). The evolution of Whedon’s depictions of AI in Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003), Dollhouse (2009–2010), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), and season four of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2013–), which features Life Model Decoys (LMD), highlights how the writer, director, and producer envisions a posthuman future and the future of television.
GENE-43. TARGETING GABPb1L INHIBITS IN VIVO GROWTH OF TERT PROMOTER MUTANT GLIOBLASTOMA

Author(s): Amen, Alexandra; Lew, Rachel; Ren, Shawn; McKinney, Andrew; Mancini, Andrew; Doudna, Jennifer; Fellmann, Christof; Costello, Joseph | Abstract: Abstract Understanding cancer cell immortality in primary glioblastoma (GBM) is essential for the development of more informed treatments. Multiple cancer types, including g80% of GBMs, undergo immortalization by reactivating Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) through acquired mutations in the TERT promoter. TERT, the catalytically active and rate-limiting subunit of telomerase, functions to maintain telomeres, which cap and protect the ends of chromosomes. Our past work has demonstrated that the transcription factor GABP - and specifically its tetramer-forming isoform GABPb1L - binds and activates the mutant TERT promoter. The generation of CRISPR-induced indels in GABPb1L results in a gradual loss of cell viability in TERT promoter mutant but not TERT promoter wild type tumor cells in vitro, but the extent to which GABPb1L function is compromised in this setting is unclear. Thus, the potential for use of GABPb1L as an effective therapeutic target for TERT promoter mutant GBM requires further investigation. Here, we use CRISPR-based strategies to demonstrate that full knockout of GABPb1L is rapidly lethal in TERT promoter mutant cells in vitro, in association with a decrease in both TERT mRNA and telomerase activity. Heterozygous deletion of GABPb1L in the context of TERT promoter mutations leads to slowed growth of orthotopic xenograft tumors in mice, and prolonged survival. Additionally, inducible RNAi-mediated inhibition of GABPb1L in growing tumors is also capable of decreasing tumor burden and increasing survival, further strongly suggesting that targeting GABPb1L in patient tumors could be a viable treatment strategy. Finally, reduced GABPb1L synergizes with temozolomide (TMZ) therapy such that TMZ treatment in the context of low GABPb1L and low TERT leads to a complete ablation of orthotopic GBM xenografts. These results highlight the potential to improve disease outcomes by targeting TERT through inhibition of GABPb1L, particularly in conjunction with TMZ treatment.
Predicting Contrast-Induced Renal Complications

Chronic kidney disease is a major risk factor for developing coronary artery disease, serving as an independent risk factor while overlapping with other risk factors. Percutaneous coronary intervention is a cornerstone of therapy for coronary artery disease and requires contrast media, which can contribute to renal injury. Identifying patients at risk for contrast-induced nephropathy is critical for preventing renal injury, which is associated with short- and long-term mortality. Determination of the potential risk for contrast-induced nephropathy and a new need for dialysis using validated risk prediction tools is a method of identifying patients at high risk for this complication.
The Radioactive Decay of Cs 134 , Os 185 , Os 191 , and Os 193

From sources of cesium of high specific activity produced in the pile and studied in photographic magnetic spectrometers, nineteen electron conversion lines are observed. These are interpreted to show the existence of eleven gamma-rays, four of which have not been previously reported. Certain K/L ratios are measured and the resolution of the components of the beta-radiation presented. A plausible decay scheme consisting of seven levels in the resultant barium 134 nucleus is offered.By irradiating osmium sources for various periods in the pile and obtaining successive exposures in magnetic spectrometers, it is possible to determine the energy and half-life of each electron conversion-line. Osmium 185 decays by K capture with a half-life of 96 days. Four gamma-rays are associated with this activity. Osmium 191 decays by a 14-hour isomeric transition followed by beta-emission with 15-day half-life. Two gamma-transitions in sequence follow the beta-decay. Osmium 193 is a beta-emitter with a 31-hour half-life. Some eighteen electron conversion lines are observed which indicate the presence of nine gamma-rays, only three of which had been previously observed.
Crystal Growth and Elemental Homogeneity of the Multicomponent Rare-Earth Garnet (Lu1/6Y1/6Ho1/6Dy1/6Tb1/6Gd1/6)3Al5O12

High-entropy aluminum garnets were grown as bulk single crystals using the micro-pulling-down method, taking the synthesis of complex ceramics a step further from the conventional preparation of po...
Holacracy and the Law

No law requires companies to have CEOs, officers, supervisors, chains of command, or even employees. But traditional managerial structures are so ingrained in our political economy that legal doctrines take them for granted. What if they were to disappear? Under holacracy, a new version of participatory management adopted at companies like Zappos and Medium, companies are replacing managers, organizational charts, and subordinates with governance circles, roles, and lead links. The promise of holacracy is a system of management that devolves responsibilities to teams, empowers workers to act freely within specified zones of authority, and energizes the entire organization around an evolutionary purpose. This Article takes holacracy’s fully imagined approach and asks how current law would respond. Looking at corporate law, fiduciary law, labor and employment law, contract law, and criminal law, the Article breaks down the legal and economic assumptions about traditional firm hierarchies and then contemplates how we can reconceive existing law and policy to match the purposes of holacracy and its kin. Ultimately, holacracy teaches us not only about the possibilities of participatory governance, but also the extent to which we assume that hierarchy goes hand-in-hand with business entities.
Fintech for Impact: How Can Financial Innovation Advance Inclusion?

Over the past decade, the financial sector has been an engine of innovation with new financial instruments, such as green bonds or social impact bonds, and new business models, enabled by technology. Fintech refers to business models that provide financial services and are mostly enabled by technology. The rising Fintech sector creates a major disruption and brings the promise of enhanced financial inclusion. Inclusion of individuals and small enterprises has made considerable progress over the past two decades. Yet more than 1.6 billion adults globally still do not have access to financial services. This chapter reviews the main benefits of financial inclusion and the contribution of Fintech to this policy agenda. This chapter then emphasizes the quality dimension of financial inclusion, on top of access. Financial inclusion is the largest recipient of Impact Investing capital, either in the form of equity – public or private – or debt, from a wide range of investors, both institutional and retail. By combining the latest academic research and case studies, this chapter analyzes how Fintech – including peer-to-peer payments in China, transfers in Kenya, digital banking in Brazil, e-commerce in Argentina, and other examples of financial innovation – can expand inclusion. The intent and metrics pursued by Fintech are focused on access and customer satisfaction and can meaningfully help fight poverty, reduce inequalities, and accelerate the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1 (no poverty) and SDG-10 (reduced inequalities). There are still challenges to overcome, particularly high levels of informality, subpar quality in financial services, regulatory challenges, and low levels of financial education.
Verification of an Evaluator for a New-Radio Channel Estimator

In this paper, we develop a flexible framework for the evaluation of a channel estimator and verify it against an analytical solution of the frequency response of ideal phased array hardware components. This evaluator is necessary to support future work in the evaluation of a new Monte-Carlo based channel estimator for 5G wireless communication devices. This new channel estimator will provide more accurate channel estimation by accounting for hardware irregularities.
Establishing Trustworthiness Through Algorithmic Approaches to Qualitative Research

Establishing trustworthiness is a fundamental component of qualitative research. In the following paper, we document how combining natural language processing (NLP), with human analysis by researchers, can help analysts develop insights from qualitative data and establish trustworthiness for the analysis process. We document the affordances of such an approach to strengthen three specific aspects of trustworthiness in qualitative research: credibility, dependability, and confirmability. We illustrate this workflow and shed light on its implications for trustworthiness from our own, recent research study of educators’ experiences with the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic; a context that compelled our research team to analyze our data efficiently to best aid the community, but also establish rigor and trustworthiness of our process.