cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 762: The interleukin-1 inflammatory cytokine family modulates p62/SQSTM1 accumulation in breast cancer cell lines

Tumors are likened to wounds that do not heal. Thus, not surprisingly, inflammatory cytokines are present in the primary and metastatic tumor microenvironments due, in part, to infiltrating bone-derived cells (e.g., macrophages). We previously discovered that a bone marrow stromal cell line that secretes the inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1â), upregulates p62 mRNA and protein in prostate cancer cell lines and we showed that p62 can be cytoprotective for prostate cancer cells. p62/Sequestome-1 is a multifunctional scaffold protein that can be seen microscopically as subcellular “speckles” which serve as organizing centers for multiple different signaling cascades, ranging from autophagy-mediated degradation of ubiquitinated proteins to KEAP1-NRF2 antioxidant response. To determine if our previous discoveries might be cancer-type specific and to test our hypothesis that p62 promotes cancer cell survival in response to inflammatory cytokines, we expanded our studies to various breast cancer cell lines of varying receptor status, including ZR57-1, T47D, and MDA-MB-468 and determined cell response two interleukin-1 family members, alpha (a) and beta (â). We treated the breast cancer cells with IL-1a and/or IL-1â and analyzed p62 mRNA and protein levels, subcellular localization, and protein-protein interactions. IL-1a and IL-1â can induce p62 speckle accumulation that can be seen to co-localize with the autophagosome membrane protein, LC3B, suggesting an autophagy-dependent regulation and/or function for p62. In addition, p62 co-immunoprecipitates with KEAP1, suggesting a KEAP1-NRF2-dependent antioxidant function for p62. Taken together, our data implies that cancer cells usurp inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, present in the primary or metastatic tumor microenvironment to promote cell survival through proteins such as p62. Citation Format: Afshan Fathima Nawas, Janani Ramachandran, Shayna Thomas, Jananisree Ravichandran, Nikki Delk. The interleukin-1 inflammatory cytokine family modulates p62/SQSTM1 accumulation in breast cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 762.
Learning From Errors: Curriculum Guide for the Morbidity and Mortality Conference With a Focus on Patient Safety Concepts.

Abstract Introduction Morbidity and mortality conferences are Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–required educational series that are part of all residency training programs. This...
Adaptive angular sampling approach for emission tomography

This paper presents an adaptive angular sampling approach developed for SPECT systems that require the rotation of the detection system to obtain an adequate angular sampling. The basic idea of the approach is to assign different imaging times across possible sampling angles, based on the efficiency of the camera(s) at each possible angle for collecting imaging information. In this study, we used the resolution-variance tradeoffs and bias-variance tradeoffs as performance indices for guiding the adaptive angular sampling strategy, and applied a highly efficient computation scheme, based on the non-uniform object-space pixilation methods, for deriving the optimum time distribution in near real-time. This approach allows an optimum efficiency for collecting imaging information and therefore offers an improved image quality.
RESPONSE OPTIONS FOR SCALES: DOES IT MATTER WHAT WORDS YOU USE?

Scales are a commonly used method for measuring variables in media and communication research. As researchers use scales designed in previous studies, they may find it necessary to alter the scale to fit the subjects or research conditions. The current study sought to explore the effects of these alterations by comparing scores on two scales when response options were changed. When response options were changed, significant differences occurred in the way subjects scored on the scales. This suggests that such alterations need to be carefully considered when designing a study. Findings from this study are especially beneficial for researchers collecting data for online instruments and organizational advancements.
Time-lapse reservoir property change estimation from seismic using machine learning

Time-lapse seismic analysis is an important tool in reservoir management, well planning, and reservoir model updating. Existing 4D close-the-loop methods utilize rock-physics models and simulation models, and typically work well in simple 4D cases such as water flood movement (where the primary change is the saturations), but they face challenges in reliably and quantitatively estimating 4D reservoir property changes when the reservoir dynamics are complex. We demonstrate a data-driven quantitative method that uses machine learning to leverage the inherent physics between time-lapse reservoir property changes and seismic attributes. The method can simultaneously utilize multiple seismic attributes, including attributes derived from prestack seismic, from multiple 4D seismic surveys. It significantly improves the efficiency and reduces the cycle time for quantitative 4D interpretation. We evaluate the method through a study based on synthetic data modeled after a complex North Sea reservoir with long produ...
A Simple Proof of the Right-Hand Rule

u× v = ∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣ i j k u1 u2 u3 v1 v2 v3 ∣∣∣∣∣∣∣∣ , where i = 〈1, 0, 0〉, j = 〈0, 1, 0〉 and k = 〈0, 0, 1〉, which provides a quick proof that u × v is orthogonal to u and v, and that u× v = 0 if u and v are parallel. The cross product satisfies another property called the right hand rule, meaning that as the fingers of your right hand curl from u to v, your thumb points in the direction of u × v. Although very important in applications, most current calculus textbooks do not prove it. An exception is Colley [1], which defines the cross product through its geometric properties, including right-handedness, then proves its algebraic properties, including the determinant formula. Because of its length, such a proof is not suitable for classroom presentation. Once in a while, curious students may ask for a direct proof, and it may be difficult for an unprepared instructor to come up with one quickly. This note provides a proof simple enough to be presented in a lecture. For u = 〈u1, u2, u3〉, v = 〈v1, v2, v3〉 and w = 〈w1, w2, w3〉, the determinant of the vector ∗Department of Mathematics, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1103, Moscow ID 83844-1103. Email: fuchang@uidaho.edu
The Effect of a Complainant’s Race and Ethnicity on Dispositional Outcome in Police Misconduct Cases in Chicago:

This study examines whether the race and ethnicity of the individual filing a police misconduct allegation in Chicago predicts whether the allegation was (1) sustained, (2) not sustained, (3) deter...
Production and Biosynthesis of Bioactive Stilbenoids in Hairy Root Cultures

Stilbenoids are plant defense phenolic compounds that exhibit numerous biological activities with potential applications in human health. These compounds are present in non-taxonomically related plants species, such as grape and peanut. As many other defense compounds, most stilbenoids are either absent or accumulate in very low levels in non-stressed plants, thereby, highlighting the need to develop a sustainable system for their production. In order to address this issue, hairy root cultures of stilbenoid-producing species, including grapevine (Vitis vinifera), muscadine (V. rotundifolia), and peanut (Arachis hypogaea), have been established via infection of plant tissues with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Several elicitation treatments have been explored in order to increase the levels of stilbenoids in these cultures. Among these treatments, the co-treatment with methyl jasmonate and methyl-β-cyclodextrin has been the most effective in providing sustainable and high levels of stilbenoids. Different types of stilbenoids have been identified in hairy roots of different plant species. For instance, prenylated stilbenoids are found in elicitor-treated peanut hairy root cultures but not in hairy root cultures of muscadine or grapevine. In addition to providing a platform for stilbenoid production, hairy roots are also being explored to study the biosynthesis of these bioactive compounds. The present chapter provides the status of production and biosynthesis of stilbenoids in grapevine, muscadine, and peanut hairy root cultures.
MIGET: Practical Aspects

The preceding pages have laid out in detail the theoretical basis of the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET). However, the actual execution of MIGET is also important to present. Two important issues arise in executing MIGET: (a) knowing how it is done, step by step, and (b) becoming familiar with, and able to execute, the important details with expertise and accuracy that make the difference between good and bad results. To calculate a set of retentions and excretions for each of the six gases, the partial pressures of the six gases in three locations—systemic arterial blood, pulmonary arterial blood, and mixed expired gas—must be measured or estimated. By using the Fick principle and measuring cardiac output, systemic arterial and mixed expired partial pressures, and ventilation, the pulmonary arterial catheter can be omitted, and the pulmonary arterial partial pressure for each gas can be calculated. This chapter discusses in detail the hands-on steps of conducting a MIGET study including making up a solution of the six gases for infusion, subject preparation, sample collection, sample analysis by gas chromatography, measurement of the blood/gas partition coefficient (λ), data entry into the MIGET software, and evaluating the results.
A Jurisdictional Model

To explore the importance of jurisdiction in setting wholesale prices, we develop a model of how the FCC might set particular prices depending upon whether it has complete or only partial jurisdiction. The model demonstrates that even if the FCC’s objective is to promote economic efficiency, it would depart from first best efficient prices as a reaction to split jurisdiction with the states (given plausible assumptions about the behavior of state regulators). This chapter reveals that there is a structural problem due to mixed jurisdiction, even when the FCC’s goal is economic efficiency. To the extent that FCC objectives differ from those of Congress, the attendant principal-agency problems become even more pronounced.
Self-configuring integrated photonic networks for communications, switching and processing

New algorithms and architectures allow us to exploit complex integrated photonic systems, including ones that design, perfect, and stabilize themselves. The underlying mathematics of singular value decomposition gives further insight into optics, including new laws.
Spectral Properties of Some Nonselfadjoint Operators and Some Applications

Let A be a compact linear operator on a Hilbert space H. s n (A) = {λ (A * A)} ½ , Q be a compact linear operator, I + Q invertible, B = A(I+Q). We prove that s n (B)s −1 n (A) + 1 as n → ∞. If |Qf| ≤ c|Af | a |f | 1-a , a > 0, c > 0, fɛH and s (A) = c1 n −r {1+0(n −q )} r,q > 0, then s n (B) = s n (A) {1+0(n _γ )}, where γ = min {q, ra(l+ra) −1 }. This estimate is close to sharp. We also give conditions sufficient for the root system of B to form a Riesz basis with brackets of H. Applications to elliptic boundary value problems and to some scattering problems are given.
Inhaled Medications and Bronchodilator Usage in the Horse

The advantages of aerosol medications include the direct, topical application to the target organ (airways); rapid effect; and low systemic availability. There are now more efficient methods for aerosol delivery that facilitate the use of increasingly sophisticated aerosol drugs. This article reviews the principles of aerosol deposition and the pharmacology of current medications.
Absorption and metabolism of hydrocortisone-4-C14

Although the intensity of the biological response to experimentally administered corticoids is known to vary widely, the relationship of the route by which a hormone is administered to its metabolism and physiological action is poorly understood. Porter and Silber (1) have described the varying glycogenic activity of cortisone, hydrocortisone, and their acetates after subcutaneous and intramuscular administration to rats. Bradlow et al. (2) reported different patterns of tritium excretion after intravenous, intramuscular, or intraperitoneal injection of cortisone-T in mice. However, Bocklage and coworkers (3) found essentially no difference in the amounts of Cl4 excreted or in pathways of excretion after intramuscular or intragastric administration of cortisone-4-Cl4 acetate to rats. Wyngaarden et al. (4, 5) found the physiological disposition of radioactivity after subcutaneous injection of hydrocortisone-4-Cl4 in rats to be the same as that reported for cortisone-4-Cl4 acetate (3) and ll-dehydrocorticosterone21-Cl4 (6). Since the liver is the major site of inactivation of the glucocorticoids in rodents (7-15)) the rate of absorption and of transport of these compounds to that organ should affect the amount of metabolic activity elicited. Only after hydrocortisone-4-Cl4 of sufficient specific activity (4 PC. per mg.) became available could relatively physiological quantities (50 7) of this hormone be given to animals in order to determine the metabolic pathways. These studies were initiated to ascertain whether the route of administration of the radiosteroid affects its metabolism. The intravenous, intramuscular, sublingual, and intragastric routes were chosen because these are the ones usually available for therapeusis and because they had not been studied at the same dose level before. Reabsorption of the biliary radiometabolites was investigated in animals with bile fistulas to learn whether enterohepatic circulation is a factor in the metabolism of radiohy-
Mapping foliar functional traits and their uncertainties across three years in a grassland experiment

Abstract Foliar functional traits refer to a range of biochemical and physiognomic characteristics of vegetation that control photosynthesis, nutrient and water cycling, and can be used to describe the functional diversity of ecosystems. In this study, we utilize NASA AVIRIS - Next Generation imaging spectroscopy data to map 15 foliar functional traits in a grassland experiment at the Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve, a Long-Term Ecological Research site in Central Minnesota, across three years. To estimate traits, we compared the widely used partial least squares regression (PLSR) with Gaussian processes regression (GPR) to assess differences in model performance and uncertainty estimates. PLSR is attractive for its straightforward implementation and interpretation, but requires bootstrapping-based methods to estimate and map prediction uncertainties. On the other hand, GPR is more complex to implement and interpret, but provides explicit estimates of uncertainties. Our results indicated that foliar functional traits can be retrieved in these grasslands with moderate to high accuracies using either method. Highest validation accuracies were obtained for leaf mass per area (LMA), soluble cell contents, hemicellulose and cellulose (all with R2 > 0.8), and lower accuracies for lignin, nitrogen, and some pigments with both techniques. The estimations for the mass-based pigments were more accurate than the area-based pigments (at least 5% improvement in normalized RMSE). Overall, GPR and PLSR performed comparably with respect to both skill of predictions and the selection of most informative spectral regions. Maps of uncertainties corresponded well between the two models, with highest uncertainties related to low vegetation cover, high diversity levels, or under irrigation and nitrogen treatments (not represented in the field sampling). The maps showed that trait values in each plot were relatively stable across three years of managed species richness. Our results provide a template for mapping foliar traits and their uncertainties in grasslands, and point to the need for extensive ground data across time to properly evaluate performance of trait mapping algorithms.
Ancient Mitochondrial Gene Transfer between Fungi and the Orchids.

The mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of plants are known to incorporate and accumulate DNA from intra- and extracellular donors. Despite the intimate relationships formed between flowing plants (angiosperms) and fungi, lengthy fungal-like sequence has not been identified in angiosperm mitogenomes to date. Here, we present multiple lines of evidence documenting horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between the mitogenomes of fungi and the ancestors of the orchids, plants that are obligate parasites of fungi during their early development. We show that the ancestor of the orchids acquired an ∼270-bp fungal mitogenomic region containing three transfer RNA genes. We propose that the short HGT was later replaced by a second HGT event transferring >8 kb and 14 genes from a fungal mitogenome to that of the ancestor of the largest orchid subfamily, Epidendroideae. Our results represent the first evidence of genomic-scale HGT between fungal and angiosperm mitogenomes and demonstrate that the length intergenic spacer regions of angiosperm mitogenomes can effectively fossilize the genomic remains of ancient, nonplant organisms.
Premium Service: Comparing Cost and Quality for Colorectal Cancer Screening

Despite emphasis on paying for value, few studies have identified the relationship between price and quality for health care services. One reason why the relationship between price and quality remains uncertain is inherent selection bias: the same patients who are likely to receive care from high-priced providers are also more likely to be at higher risk for complications. This selection is particularly relevant for an important cancer screening test, colonoscopy, which is both an invasive procedure and among the most expensive cancer screening test. This paper uses an exogenous source of variation that influences the supply of low-priced providers, state Certificate of Need (CON) laws, as an instrumental variable for receiving a colonoscopy at low-priced providers. Patients who live in a state with a CON law are 22% less likely to receive a colonoscopy from a particular form of low-priced provider, ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs). Using this source of variation, receiving a colonoscopy from an ASC reduces procedure costs by 39% and patient cost sharing by 44%. For quality outcomes, the results are more ambiguous–use of ASCs leads to a 1.9 percentage point reduction in surgical complication rates but an 8.1 percentage point reduction in potentially cancerous polyp removal. Using the same sources of variation, higher colonoscopy prices, lower market share of ASCs, and increased market concentration reduce colonoscopy utilization, but increase the use of substitute cancer screening tests. This substitution produces the counterintuitive result that higher prices leads to lower overall cancer screening spending.
Estuaries wrangle with the tides

Rising sea level is a principal threat to coastal systems worldwide — but far from being a simple matter of landscapes doomed to drown, the story involves complex feedbacks with the same processes that threaten them. Now a modelling study shows that the size and shape of tidal estuaries may determine their fate — proffering a perspective for mitigation against future sea-level rise.
The Association of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Cardiovascular Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

Adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with increased risk for future cardiovascular disease. The goal of this review is to share what is currently known about the increased risk and to identify areas for future research. Severe studies have identified a strong association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and cardiovascular disease such as heart failure, valvular disease, ischemic heart disease, stroke, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. The recognition of this increased risk is reflected in recent changes in prevention guidelines. The guidelines now recognize sex-specific risks such as preeclampsia and preterm delivery and recommend incorporating a pregnancy history to identify them earlier. However, no robust risk prediction tools incorporating these pregnancy risk factors have been developed and validated. While smaller clinical trials have been performed in reducing cardiovascular risk factors in the postpartum timeframe, there remains a paucity of large-scale randomized clinical trials that continue to show a risk reduction in these women. While there is increasing recognition of the long-term cardiovascular risks associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, there remains a need for interventional studies aimed at reducing this risk and for incorporation of pregnancy risk factors into traditional cardiovascular risk prediction tools.
Evaluating the Transient Response of Linear Networks

The underlying concepts of the most commonly used methods to evaluate the transient response of linear networks in digital integrated circuits are briefly reviewed in this chapter. Simple methods to calculate the delay of signals in an RC tree such as the Elmore delay [74] and Wyatt’s approximation [75] are introduced in section 3.1 since extensions to these methods for RLC trees are presented in subsequent chapters. The calculation of more accurate transient responses of RLC interconnects via moment matching is discussed in section 3.2 [76]-[107].
Intimate Relationships and Personal Distress The Invisible Harm of Psychological Aggression

Aggression in intimate relationships is pervasive, has been implicated in personal distress, and yet may not be perceived as harmful. Two studies (cross-sectional, longitudinal) examined whether being the target of psychologically aggressive behavior by a partner is uniquely associated with personal distress, beyond the effects of general couple functioning, perpetrating aggression, or experiencing physical aggression. New instances of psychological aggression by a partner predicted increases in personal distress. Study 2 also examined participants' perceptions of what causes them stress. Although psychological aggression by a partner predicted personal distress, participants did not perceive their relationship as a source of stress. This suggests a pattern of "invisible harm" in which individuals victimized by psychological aggression may not recognize the harm they are experiencing.
Band spreading in liquid chromatography

Summary A general plate height equation has been derived to express the effect of axial dispersion in the interstitial space, mass transfer resistances at the boundary and in the interior of porous stationary phase particles, and kinetic resistances associated with the reversible binding of eluite by the stationary phase. The last process is assumed to obey a simple kinetic law for a single-step reaction. In the case of a given chromatographic run with a sample whose components have commensurate diffusivities and rate constants for binding, the general plate height equation can be rearranged to yield for the dependence of the effective plate height, H eff , on the distribution ratio, k ′, the equation H eff = a + bk ′ −1 + ck ′ −2 . From the parameters of this equation, the plate height contributions of axial dispersion, kinetic resistances and extra-column band spreading can be evaluated, provided that the plate height contribution arising from diffusion resistances can be calculated independently. The use of this approach is appropriate if the plot of peak width against the distribution ratio is linear at sufficiently high k ′ values. Plate height increments have been evaluated from experimental data obtained with various microparticulate columns under different conditions. The results show the contribution of the individual physico-chemical phenomena to the plate heights measured in a given chromatographic system. The effect of kinetic resistances on the performance of microparticulate columns has been found to be significant. Thus, a lower practical limit for the particle size in high-performance liquid chromatography may be imposed by the slow kinetics of eluite-stationary phase interactions as well.
A cross-layer controller for adaptive video streaming over IEEE 802.11 networks

The volume of video streaming traffic over the Internet has increased dramatically over the last 10 years. By the end of 2014, it is expected that 77% of the US internet traffic will be video streaming [1]. In parallel, the last ten years have seen an incredible deployment of IEEE 802.11 technologies, also known as WiFi, at homes and public places. Although, the industry and research communities have given a lot attention to address the challenges of video streaming over wireless access networks (e.g., Cellular, WiMAX, WiFi), there are still interesting problems to address to enhance the user quality of experience (QoE). In this paper, we highlight the challenges that face adaptive video streaming over wireless access networks. Then, we propose a a heuristic cross-layer adaptation algorithm named E2E-MAC to improve the video client application response to changing conditions in WiFi environments. The algorithm, which runs on the client side, combines end to end (E2E) throughput measurements with MAC-based measurements from the WiFi link to choose the appropriate streaming quality—to request from the server. Simulation results have shown that our algorithm reduces the occurrence of buffer under-run, increases the average achieved streaming quality, and lowers the rate of lost video frames. This is achieved with a minor overhead on the client application's side.
Rehabilitation outcome in children after treatment of primary brain tumor

Abstract Functional outcome studies after treatment of primary brain tumors in children are lacking. This study of 30 children, ages 3 to 20 years (x 10.8 yrs) was aimed at documenting the effects of rehabilitation on functional outcome after treatment of primary brain tumors. Functional measurements were documented by a modified functional independence measure for children (WeeFIM). The paired t -test, Wilcoxon test, χ 2 analysis, and Friedman test were used to assess significance of data. Statistically significant improvements were documented from admission to discharge, and discharge to follow-up in total WeeFIM scores ( p = 0.001 and p = 0.0001) and specifically in the subgroups of self care, mobility, and locomotion. Though no significant improvement was noted in sphincter control from admission to discharge ( p = 0.15), significant gains were seen at follow-up ( p = 0.006). Borderline improvements at discharge in communication ( p = 0.054) and social cognition ( p = 0.051) became significant at follow-up ( p = 0.01 and p = 0.004). At admission, 7 patients (23%) were independent in self care, 5 (17%) in mobility and 1 (3%) in locomotion compared with 18 (60%), 20 (67%), and 15 (50%) respectively at discharge. At follow-up there was further improvement with 95% independent in self care, 100% in mobility and 70% in locomotion. This study affirms the beneficial effect of comprehensive rehabilitation on functional outcome in children with residual disabilities after treatment of their primary brain tumors.
Pacific Salmon Fisheries: Climate, Information and Adaptation in a Conflict-Ridden Context

Pacific Salmon are anadromous fish that cross state and international boundaries in their oceanic migrations. Fish spawned in the rivers of one jurisdiction are vulnerable to harvest in other jurisdictions. The rocky history of attempts by the United States and Canada to cooperatively manage their respective salmon harvests suggests that such shared resources may present difficult challenges for effective adaptation to climate change. On June 30, 1999, the two nations signed an agreement which, if successfully implemented, may end several years of rancorous conflict. For the previous six years, they had been unable to agree on a full set of salmon "fishing regimes" under the terms of the Pacific Salmon Treaty. This conflict was sparked by strongly divergent trends in the abundance of northern and southern salmon stocks, and a consequent change in the balance of each nation's interceptions of salmon spawned in the other nation's rivers. The trends are attributable, in part, to the effects of large-scale climatic fluctuations. This case demonstrates that it may not be a simple matter to respond effectively to a climate change. Adaptation is difficult when a resource is exploited by multiple competing users who possess incomplete information. If, in addition, their incentives to cooperate are disrupted by the impacts of the climatic variation, dysfunctional breakdowns in management rather than efficient adaptation may ensue. Institutional factors will determine the extent to which the management of such resources can adapt effectively to climate variability or long-term climate change.
Field Experiences Provide Value for Library Students, but More Research Is Needed into Their Administration

Objective – To evaluate an eight-week practicum requirement for library and information science students. Design – Survey questionnaire. Setting – The University of the Punjab and participating libraries in Pakistan. Subjects – A total of 118 graduates of the library and information science program at the University of the Punjab who had completed an eight-week-long practicum experience in a public, academic, or special library between 2002 and 2006. Methods – Snowball sampling was used to select the subjects. Surveys were delivered and collected through personal visits, email, and postal mail, and the authors asked follow-up questions of some subjects whose surveys were collected in person. The survey contained questions about several topics, such as the type of professional tasks (e.g., acquisition, circulation, reference service, etc.) that students did during the practicum, professional skills developed, practicum length, comfort in sharing problems with supervisors, and the evaluation process. The authors used statistical analysis software (SPSS, version 12) to analyze the survey results. Main Results – The majority of subjects reported that they had received the opportunity to train in several sections and functions of the library, and they felt that the practicum was important in improving their professional skills. Most reported being comfortable sharing problems with their supervisors and were satisfied with the evaluation process. The survey also included open-ended questions about problems and suggestions, but only 28% of the subjects responded with comments. Conclusion – The authors concluded that the library practicum plays an important role in the professional development of future library professionals, and that the length of the practicum should be extended from its current eight-week requirement.
Visible and far-infrared spectral studies of tetrahedral and octahedral complexes in non-aqueous solvent systems—II: Far-infrared spectra of the hezahalo complexes of Re(IV), Os(IV), Ir(IV) and Pt(IV)

Abstract The far-i.r. spectra are reported for the hexahalo complexes of Be(IV), Os(IV), Ir(IV)and Pt(IV) solubilized in benzene solution via a series of high molecular weight ammonium salts. The utility of solution spectra vs. solid spectra is pointed out and the various cation effects are discussed.
Concurrent engineering realization through multichip module vehicles: technology and CAD tool requirements

It is noted that multichip module (MCM) product developments provide a natural and essential basis for motivating technology and CAD (computer aided design) tool requirements. These requirements are reviewed with reference to three different minimum levels of maturity required for MCM design tools which are to be used, respectively, for near-term, intermediate-term, and long-term system impact. MCM tool status is then examined in connection with Mentor Graphics. It is pointed out that Mentor's commitment to strategic new project support has produced a relationship in which Mentor continually upgrades tools and introduces new ones in actual new product development contexts. >
Quantum complexity: some recent results, some open problems, some thoughts

This talk will discuss some recent results on the complexity theory of quantum computing. The long term goal is to understand exactly the relationship between the new quantum complexity classes and the classic ones. It is assumed that you are not an expert in: quantum flavordynamics, quantum geometrodynamics, quantum hydrodynamics, quantum magnetodynamics, quantum triviality, Schrodinger's equation, path integral, Schwinger-Dyson equation, static forces and virtual-particle exchange, and the Ward-Takahashi identity. It is assumed that you are interested in hearing some simple ideas that connect basic complexity theory with quantum computation. No previous knowledge is assumed, all will be explained, at least that is the plan of the talk
Post‐junctional interactions between neuromuscular blocking agents and ethanol at the mouse neuromuscular junction

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ethanol is known to have both pre-synaptic and post-synaptic effects at a range of loci in the mammalian nervous system, including the neuromuscular junction. However, the effects of ethanol on evoked synaptic transmission have not been previously studied at the mouse neuromuscular junction. Here, we report on the effects of ethanol on evoked neuromuscular transmission and the interaction of ethanol with non-depolarizing blocking drugs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Electrophysiological techniques to measure synaptic potentials and synaptic currents were employed in this study. KEY RESULTS Ethanol (≥100 mM) produced increases in the amplitudes of both spontaneous and evoked synaptic events. Under conditions in which neuromuscular transmission was blocked by (+)-tubocurarine, ethanol (12–100 mM) produced greater increases in evoked response amplitude than in spontaneous response amplitude recorded in the absence of (+)-tubocurarine. Ethanol (100 mM) did not affect evoked neurotransmitter release in low-calcium/high-magnesium solutions. With respect to the clinically used neuromuscular blocking drugs, ethanol (100 mM) interfered with the blocking action of vecuronium, but not cisatracurium. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Under these conditions, the stimulant effect of ethanol on neuromuscular transmission is exclusively on the post-junctional elements, both to enhance transmission through nicotinic receptors and also via interactions with neuromuscular blocking agents. These actions of ethanol on neuromuscular transmission may affect the dosage of neuromuscular blockers required in patients who have imbibed significant amounts of alcohol.
Plant responses to climate in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa: evidence for adaptive differentiation in the Proteaceae.

Local adaptation along environmental gradients may drive plant species radiation within the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), yet few studies examine the role of ecologically based divergent selection within CFR clades. In this study, we ask whether populations within the monophyletic white protea clade (Protea section Exsertae, Proteaceae) differ in key functional traits along environmental gradients and whether differences are consistent with local adaptation. Using seven taxa, we measured trait–environment associations and selection gradients across 35 populations of wild adults and their offspring grown in two common gardens. Focal traits were leaf size and shape, specific leaf area (SLA), stomatal density, growth, and photosynthetic rate. Analyses on wild and common garden plants revealed heritable trait differences that were associated with gradients in rainfall seasonality, drought stress, cold stress, and less frequently, soil fertility. Divergent selection between gardens generally matched trait–environment correlations and literature-based predictions, yet variation in selection regimes among wild populations generally did not. Thus, selection via seedling survival may promote gradient-wide differences in SLA and leaf area more than does selection via adult fecundity. By focusing on the traits, life stages, and environmental clines that drive divergent selection, our study uniquely demonstrates adaptive differentiation among plant populations in the CFR.
Robust Camera Pose Refinement and Rapid SfM for Multiview Aerial Imagery—Without RANSAC

A robust camera pose refinement approach for sequential wide-area airborne imagery is proposed in this letter. Image frames are sequentially acquired, and with each frame, its corresponding position and orientation are approximately available from airborne platform inertial measurement unit and GPS sensors. In the proposed structure from motion (SfM) approach the available approximation of camera parameters (from low-certainty sensors) is directly used in an optimization stage. The putative matches obtained from the sequential matching paradigm are also directly used in the optimization with no early stage filtering (e.g., no RANSAC). A robust function is proposed and used to deal with outliers (mismatches). The full pipeline has been run over a set of wide-area motion imagery data collected by an airplane flying over different cities in the U.S. The results prove the power and efficiency of the proposed pipeline. Effectiveness of the proposed robust function is compared with some popular robust functions such as Cauchy and Huber using synthetic data.
Effect of instrumental spherical aberration on visual image quality

The effect of instrumental spherical aberration has been examined through the construction of telescopes with approximately 1, 2, and 3 waves of aberration. Contrast sensitivity and resolution results have been obtained, as well as information on the preferred focus in the presence of aberration. The results show that an appropriately defined integral of the instrumental modulation transfer function (MTF), called MTFa, is the best candidate among objective image quality metrics for describing the observed degradation in performance as well as the preferred focus. For pupil diameters less than approximately 3 mm the results support the assertion that the monochromatic aberrations of a normal eye are of little importance in visual instrument optical design and testing.
Inflammatory Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Associated with Leukemoid Reaction or Leukocytosis: A Comprehensive Review

Inflammatory malignant fibrous histiocytoma (IMFH) associated with leukemoid reaction (LR)/leukocytosis is a rare entity. In this paper, we search PubMed for all known cases of IMFH associated with LR/leukocytosis in an attempt to draw conclusions about this variant's response to treatments and its pathophysiology. Medline electronic database was searched using key words such as malignant fibrous histiocytoma, leukemoid reaction, and leukocytosis. A total of 16 patients were found, twelve males (75%) and 4 female (25%), with a mean age of 62.6 years, ranging from 47 to 77. The mean survival was 770 days, ranging from 14 to 6570 days. Four patients were alive at last follow-up: 6570 days, 1095 days, 335 days, and 180 days, respectively. Of the 12 patients that expired, death occurred approximately 92 days after the onset of LR or leukocytosis, ranging from 3 to 334 days. We conclude that IMFH associated with LR/leukocytosis does not completely respond to chemoradiation. Overproduction of growth factors and cytokines by IMFH cells and their interactions with the inflammatory infiltrate seem to promote immunological effector cell's dysfunction and substantiate the development and growth of this neoplasm. A clear understanding of these molecular pathways is crucial in order to identify targets for potential therapy.
Cytochemical localization of tyrosinase activity in pigmented epithelial cells of Rana pipiens and Xenopus laevis larvae.

Tyrosinase has been localized by the DOPA reaction in the pigmented epithelium of larval Rana pipiens and Xenopus laevis. Reaction product is found in the distal cisternae (active face) of the Golgi apparatus and in a continuous system of smooth-surfaced channels which communicate with both premelanosomes and developing complex melanosomes. In addition, reaction product is found in tubules and cisternae, which sometimes appear as an intricately folded system connecting with premelanosomes in several places and interconnecting neighboring premelanosomes. The evidence suggests that tyrosinase is active in DOPA-positive channels but not in early premelanosomes. Thus, melanogenesis involves the dynamic processes of tyrosinase condensation in the Golgi apparatus, with melanin synthesis beginning in the channels and melanin deposition occurring in premelanosomes. As the premelanosomes mature, tyrosinase is transferred to them; thus progressively more melanin synthesis may occur in the intermediate or late premelanosomes.
Cell Cycle Control of DNA Replication

The initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells is a highly regulated process that leads to the duplication of the genetic information for the next cell generation. This requires the ordered assembly of many proteins at the origins of DNA replication to form a competent, pre-replicative chromosomal state. In addition to this competent complex, at least two cell cycle regulated protein kinase pathways are required to affect a transition to a post-replicative chromosomal state. Protein kinases required to establish mitosis prevent re-replication of the DNA. As cells exit mitosis, the cell cycle is reset, allowing the establishment of a new, competent replication state.
Different subcellular localizations for the related interferon-induced GTPases, MuGBP-1 and MuGBP-2: implications for different functions?

The guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) are a family of 65-67-kDa proteins induced by both type I and type II interferons (IFN). Members of the GBP family of GTPases are among the most abundant IFN-γ...
Anlu: a women's uprising in the British Cameroons

(1960). Anlu: a women's uprising in the British Cameroons. African Studies: Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 151-156.
A place for books: fundraising for collections

Purpose – The purpose of this essay is to provide suggestions for raising money for collections.Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses and gives examples of strategies to raise awareness of giving opportunities to support library collections.Findings – This paper suggests that traditional fundraising for collections has become more difficult, and innovative appeals are required to attract donors.Originality/value – The value of this paper is in its presentation of examples and strategies for raising funds to support collection building.
Octreotide for the treatment of hypoglycemia after insulin glargine overdose.

Background Intentional insulin glargine overdose is rarely reported in the literature, but usually results in prolonged hypoglycemia requiring intensive care unit admission. Objective We report a case of using octreotide to treat prolonged hypoglycemia after a large insulin glargine overdose. Case report A 56-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented to the Emergency Department after a multidrug overdose including up to 3,300 units insulin glargine. He required admission to the intensive care unit for mechanical ventilation and blood-glucose monitoring every 30 to 60 min. He received a continuous dextrose infusion for >100 h for persistent hypoglycemia. Octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, was given on day 4 of admission in an attempt to inhibit any insulin secretion from the pancreas that might be occurring in response to the dextrose infusion and to minimize the amount of fluid being given. After three doses, improvements in the patient's blood glucoses were seen, however, this could have coincided with complete absorption of the insulin. Conclusions Prolonged hypoglycemia often occurs after large overdoses of insulin glargine due to a depot effect at the site of injection. Octreotide is a potential adjunctive treatment to dextrose in patients with a functioning pancreas.
Redox‐Controlled Solubility of Palladium in a Borosilicate Glass Melt

Palladium establishes the Pd2+–Pd0 redox equilibrium in a reference alkali borosilicate melt. Most of the palladium exists as the insoluble metal, with only a small fraction of the palladium present as the divalent palladium ion dissolved in the melt. The relative reduction potential of this Pd2+–Pd0 redox couple in the reference glass melt is greater than such easily reduced couples as Ni3+–Ni2+ and Mn3+–Mn2+. Palladium metal in glass melts containing appropriate amounts of nickel and sulfur readily partitions into an immiscible nickel sulfide phase; palladium also tends to associate with tellurium in insoluble particulates.
Middle-class black consumers and intensity of ethnic identification

This article reports on an empirical study analyzing the differences between black (buppies) and Anglo (yuppies) middle-class consumers responding to advertising featuring celebrity endorsers. Particular attention is given to variability within the black consumer segment by examining intensity of identification and socioeconomic status. Using a laboratory experiment, 160 subjects were drawn from a large metropolitan area. The implications are that while black consumers who have moved up the socioeconomic ladder have similar responses to their Anglo counterparts, they should not necessarily be viewed as having lost strong ethnic identity.
Influence of parallel spring-loaded exoskeleton on ankle muscle-tendon dynamics during simulated human hopping

Robotic assistance for rehabilitation and enhancement of human locomotion has become a major goal of biomedical engineers in recent years. While significant progress to this end has been made in the fields of neural interfacing and control systems, little has been done to examine the effects of mechanical assistance on the biomechanics of underlying muscle-tendon systems. Here, we model the effects of mechanical assistance via a passive spring acting in parallel with the triceps surae-Achilles tendon complex during cyclic hopping in humans. We examine system dynamics over a range of biological muscle activation and exoskeleton spring stiffness. We find that, in most cases, uniform cyclic mechanical power production of the coupled system is achieved. Furthermore, unassisted power production can be reproduced throughout parameter space by trading off decreases in muscle activation with increases in ankle exoskeleton spring stiffness. In addition, we show that as mechanical assistance increases the biological muscle-tendon unit becomes less ‘tuned’ resulting in higher mechanical power output from active components of muscle despite large reductions in required force output.
Automatic control of a series-parallel mechanical circulatory assist system in severe uni- or biventricular failure.

Conventional peripherally invasive mechanical circulatory assist methods such as intra-aortic balloon pumping are of only limited hemodynamic benefit in cases of severe left ventricular failure. This article deals with the analysis and testing of a new pumping concept (16), that is theoretically capable of providing adequate circulatory and respiratory assistance in cases of severe uni- or biventricular failure. This assist system combines an intra-aortic balloon pump (a series form of left ventricular assistance) and pulsatile venoarterial membrane oxygenator bypass (a parallel mode of assistance). The combined pulsatile assist system is controlled by a digital microprocessor which provides appropriate phasing relative to the R wave of the ECG. This support system requires only cannulation of femoral or other easily exposed vessels. Blood-gas exchange gas diffusion or massive pulmonary embolism or other perfusion defects. This concept has been tested in a series of experiments with canine models of ventricular failure. The results of this study indicate that (1) balloon pumping becomes much more effective when combined with pulsatile veno-arterial bypass in cases of severe ventricular failure with an attendant hypotensive circulatory state, and (2) the automatic control system is effective in optimizing the performance of the combined assist system.