cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concordance between the PHQ-9 and the HSCL-20 in depressed primary care patients.

Abstract Background Two instruments commonly used in primary care research to measure depressive severity are the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-20 (HSCL-20). However, there is little information regarding the relationship between clinical information derived from these scales. The present study investigates the psychometric properties of the PHQ-9 and HSCL-20, determines the degree of instrument concordance, and describes the factor structure of the HSCL-20. Methods A secondary data analysis from a randomized controlled trial was performed. A total of 405 primary care patients with major depressive disorder and/or dysthymia were administered the PHQ-9 and the HSCL-20 when recruited for the study. Results Good internal consistency reliability estimates were obtained for both scales (PHQ-9 α = 0.803; HSCL-20 α = 0.837). All PHQ-9 inter-item and corrected item–total correlations showed that no item detracted from overall scale functioning. HSCL-20 items assessing overeating, poor appetite, and sexual interest were poorly correlated with other items and with the total scale score. A positive, moderate strength relationship was found between the instruments ( r = 0.54, p Conclusions PHQ-9 and HSCL-20 total scores were moderately correlated. Although the HSCL-20 is utilized as a measure of depression severity, it may lack sufficient specificity to be an accurate reflection of depression status per se.
Learning to Teach School Mathematics: Perceptions of Special Education Teachers

Abstract This research examines perceptions of special education teachers toward mathematics as related to self as student and teacher throughout a semester-long mathematics methods course. Eighteen alternate-entrant special education teachers provided data in the form of mathematics autobiographical essays and classroom drawings. Autobiographical essays were collected at the beginning of the course along with drawings and descriptions of a memorable classroom. Drawings and descriptions of participants' ideal classrooms were collected at the end of the course. Data were analyzed at each point and then compared across time. Findings reveal a dissonance between participants' written descriptions and illustrations related to the teaching of mathematics, displaying the lasting power of individual learning experiences. Suggestions for future research are provided.
Elastic anomaly in fresnoite (Ba2TiSi2O8) single crystal

Abstract Ultrasonic velocities in fresnoite single crystal along several directions were measured from room temperature to above 200°C at 20 MHz. It was observed that an elastic anomaly occurs near 160°C. One of the shear mode velocities showed an anomaly at about 130°C. The anomalies may be attributed to a commensurate-incommensurate phase transition.
Transference Enactments in Clinical Supervision

Transference enactments play a central role in clinical supervision regardless of whether supervisors or supervisees consciously recognize or acknowledge their presence. Supervisors who do recognize enactments better understand the core issues that interfere with supervisees’ capacity to relate therapeutically to patients. Supervisory process is markedly enhanced when supervisors consciously study manifestations of transference within the supervisory relationship and respond to them correctively. Corrective interventions, whether purposeful or unintentional, expand supervisees’ relational and self-reflective capacities.
Fault Zone Deformation Overprints Permeability of Nonwelded Ignimbrite: Chalk Cove Fault, Bishop Tuff, Bishop, California

Deformation-induced secondary heterogeneities associated with a steeply-dipping normal fault in the nonwelded Bishop Tuff were examined in a multidisciplinary study using in situ gas permeability tests, structural mapping, and laboratory analyses as analogs for fault deformation features within the poorly exposed Paintbrush nonwelded hydrogeologic unit at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Three features of fault-zone deformation were identified that may act to constrain lateral flow in unsaturated nonwelded ignimbrites. First, development of a fault gouge, with a decrease in grain size caused by grain comminution, decreases the permeability of this element with respect to the host rock. Second, long open fractures paralleling the fault have an increased permeability with respect to the host rock. Third, small-scale fractures and grain rotation in adjacent matrix blocks induce an interconnected porosity not seen in host rock. Intrinsic permeability variation beyond what is observed in the host rock reflects the effect of small-scale deformation in the matrix adjacent the fault. These features can reduce the continuity of potential capillary or permeability barriers, and thus limit any redistribution of percolation that would result from lateral flow diversion.
Development of a direct enzyme immunoassay of milk progesterone and its application to pregnancy diagnosis in cows

Abstract The purposes of this study were to develop an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for determination of progesterone in unextracted whole milk and to apply it to pregnancy diagnosis. Paper fibers covalently coupled to antibody specifically and competitively bound 3 H-progesterone and 11α-hydroxyprogesterone hemisucccinate-horseradish peroxidase and were stable for 9 mo at −20°C. The sensitivity, recovery, precision, and cross reactivity of the EIA and a radioimmunoassay (RIA) of milk progesterone were evaluated, and showed that this EIA was comparable to the RIA. Milk samples were collected once daily for one estrous cycle from ten lactating Holstein cows and the progesterone levels were determined by RIA. Milk progesterone in 70 samples measured by EIA were highly correlated (r = 0.90) with the values of RIA for the same samples. Milk samples for pregnancy diagnosis by EIA of milk progesterone were obtained daily from days 20 to 24 after 115 artificial inseminations of 85 lactating Holstein cows. Pregnancy diagnosis by EIA was confirmed by rectal palpation at 30 to 60 days after insemination or return to estrus. The accuracy based on single, two, three, four, and five consecutive samples was from 67.2 to 80.0%, 77.3 to 84.0%, 79.2 to 87.5%, 82.0 to 85.4%, and 85.4%, respectively, for pregnancy diagnosis; and from 95.0 to 98.3% for nonpregnancy.
Three-octave-spanning supercontinuum generation and sub-two-cycle self-compression of mid-infrared filaments in dielectrics.

We experimentally and numerically investigate the spectral and temporal structure of mid-infrared (mid-IR) filaments in bulk dielectrics with normal and anomalous group velocity dispersion (GVD) pumped by a 2.1 μm optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier (OPCPA). The formation of stable and robust filaments with several microjoules of pulse energy is observed. We demonstrate a supercontinuum that spans more than three octaves from ZnS in the normal GVD regime and self-compression of the mid-IR pulse to sub-two-cycle duration in CaF2 in the anomalous GVD regime. The experimental observations quantitatively agree well with the numerical simulations based on a three-dimensional nonlinear wave equation that reveals the detailed spatio-temporal dynamics of mid-IR filaments in dielectrics.
Direct Isoconversion Method for Nonisothermal Kinetic Analysis

An accurate, semi-analytic solution of the Arrhenius temperature integral is the basis for an isoconversion method to extract kinetic parameters of single-step reactions from multiple heating rate experiments in a single iteration. The isoconversion method can be expressed as a finite difference (FD) formula identical in form and function to Kissinger’s maximum reaction rate equation or can be differentiated to yield an analytic derivative (AD) formula similar to Ozawa’s equation. The FD and AD isoconversion formulae provide identical, model-free activation energies by direct calculation when applied to differential thermal analysis data without the need for recursion as in some standard test methods. A model-dependent frequency factor can be obtained from the FD formula.
Molecular dynamics evaluation of cell models for type I gas hydrate crystal dynamics

Abstract The computer simulation technique of molecular dynamics has been used to compare a cell model description of guest atoms in type I gas hydrate crystals with a fully dynamical description. The density of states for the guest molecules predicted by the cell model is in poor agreement with the density of states generated by the full dynamics of the system. This indicates that the motion of the guest molecules is strongly coupled to the motion of the host molecules. This implies that a rigid cell model is not a satisfactory basis for the study of guest molecule dynamics.
Study of use of ultrasound technology to prepare polymer-impregnated concrete

Low intensity ultrasound waves (20 kHz, 0.19 to 0.57 W/cm squared based on concrete area) have been applied to enhance the efficiency of impregnating a monomer into hardened concrete, without prior drying, for subsequent in situ polymerization. It was found that methyl methacrylate could be impregnated into partly air-dried Portland cement concrete, without removing the free water in the specimen, to approximately 80 percent of the depth of that into a similar, previously oven-dried specimen. A systematic study has been carried out to assess the relationship between impregnation depth and the following parameters: ultrasound energy density, impregnation time, gap distance between the ultrasound horn and the specimen surface, and the applied DC voltage gradient. The results of the experiments and a proposed mechanism for the ultrasound enhancement are presented in this paper. (A)
Inhibition of essential amino acid absorption in marine fishes by mercury

Abstract In polluted coastal waters marine fish can concentrate heavy metals in the intestine two or more orders of magnitude above those found in the water column and several-fold higher than the sediment level. These accumulations are primarily due to ingestion of contaminated food and drink. Relatively long residence time of gut content, low permeability coefficient of divalent cations through the lipid bilayers of membranes and profuse binding to the negative charge sites on the mucosal side of the gut, all combine to increase the concentration of heavy metals in the lumen. Do these high levels of heavy metals interfere with the normal processes of nutrient absorption? We have measured the effect of HgCl 2 and CH 3 HgCl on the absorption of the essential amino acids, l -leucine, l -isoleucine, l -lysine and l -methionine, by the intestine of Fundulus and toadfish in vitro and in vivo . At concentrations expected in the gut, HgCl 2 can inhibit 20–80% of the leucine absorption; CH 3 HgCl is less potent in this respect. While the action of Hg 2+ appears to be limited to the luminal side, the more lipophilic CH 3 Hg + rapidly penetrates the epithelial cell layer and can inhibit the intracellular energy production needed for transport. The implications of these findings for growth and survival of marine fishes are discussed.
High performance Silicon Photonics technology for ubiquitous communications: Intrachip to Data Warehouses

DARPA is leading the development of energy-efficient, high bandwidth-density, high capacity, foundry-compatible and scalable Silicon Photonics technology. I will present DARPA's vision, highlights of recent DARPA-sponsored results and DARPA's plans.
Retinoid X receptor alpha binds with the highest affinity to an imperfect direct repeat response element.

The regulation of gene expression by retinoids is mediated by two classes of receptors, retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors (RXR). RXR can bind to specific target genes as homodimers, and these homodimers can activate gene expression in the presence of the ligand 9-cis-retinoic acid. A direct repeat of AGGTCA with a 1 base pair spacer (DR1) acts as a RXR homodimer response element in the presence of 9-cis-retinoic acid. However, it is not known if this represents the highest affinity binding site for the RXR homodimer. To investigate this question, we used a nonbiased strategy to isolate from a pool of random DNA those sequences that have the highest affinity for RXR alpha homodimers. The imperfect DR1 sequence 5'-GGGGTCAAAGGTCA displayed the highest in vitro binding affinity for RXR alpha homodimers. Transient transfection studies confirmed that this sequence is a more potent response element than is a perfect DR1 of either AGGTCA or GGGGTCA. The results also indicate that for RXR alpha homo...
Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia

Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) is a monoclonal premalignant endometrial glandular lesion that precedes the development of endometrioid-type endometrial adenocarcinoma. EIN arises through complex interactions involving the sequential accumulation of genetic damage in endometrial glands and the positive selective pressure of unopposed estrogen. Recent data have revealed a preclinical latent precursor lesion composed of mutated but morphologically nondescript glands that may persist for years in normal-appearing premenopausal cycling endometrium. This latent precursor shares many of the molecular features of EIN and endometrial adenocarcinoma, including frequent inactivation of both the tumor suppressor gene PTEN and the paired box–containing gene PAX2. Upon progression to EIN, the distinctive appearance of crowded and cytologically altered glands heralds a 45-fold increased risk of developing endometrial adenocarcinoma. To preserve the high predictability of EIN for concurrent/subsequent adenocarcinoma, strict adherence to defined diagnostic criteria is essential. These criteria, as well as potential diagnostic pitfalls and their resolution, are discussed herein.
A Modeling Study of Hurricane Landfall in a Dry Environment

Abstract The effects of dry air intrusion on landfalling hurricanes are investigated using eight numerical simulations. The simulations differ in the initial amount of moisture in the storm core and its horizontal extent from the storm center. The storms evolve very differently during the 36-h simulation. Storms with a small radial extent of moisture develop minimal rainbands, intensify rapidly in the first 3 h, and weaken as dry air from the 800–850-hPa layer wraps cyclonically and inward around the storm core. As the air approaches the core, it sinks (possibly by eyewall downdrafts or as a result of evaporative cooling), reaches the storm’s inflow layer, and entrains into the eyewall updrafts. Storms with large radial extent of moisture develop into larger storms with large rainbands, having smaller intensification rates initially, but continue to intensify for a longer period of time. Rainband downdrafts release low equivalent potential temperature air into the moat region. Low-level convergence into t...
The potential for dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in domestic animals

SUMMARY The metabolism and clinical potential for dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) modifications using oil supplements containing n-3 and n-6 fatty acids are reviewed. Their use in such disorders as renal disease, inflammatory and immune-related disorders, and dermatological conditions in dogs and cats is discussed. The influence of n-3 fatty acid-rich rations on the endotoxin response in horses is described. Progress has been made toward understanding the clinical potential for PUFAs in these species. However, they have not yet been shown to be efficacious in any of the conditions investigated.
Neurobehavior disinhibition in childhood predisposes boys to substance use disorder by young adulthood: direct and mediated etiologic pathways

Abstract Objective: The development of substance use disorder (SUD) was prospectively investigated in 66 boys having fathers with SUD and 104 boys having fathers with no adult Axis I or II psychiatric disorder. Evaluations were conducted to determine the context in which neurobehavior disinhibition in relation to parental SUD, parental neglect of the child and child’s social maladjustment culminated in a DSM-III-R diagnosis of SUD. Methods: A neurobehavior disinhibition latent trait was derived using indicators of behavior undercontrol, affect dysregulation and executive cognitive functioning in the boys when they were 10–12 and again at 16 years of age. These latter characteristics have been frequently observed in individuals who have a prefrontal cortex disturbance. The data were analyzed to determine whether the score on the neurobehavior disinhibition construct mediates the association between father’s and mother’s SUD and son’s SUD. Results: SUD in the mother and father predicted neurobehavior disinhibition in the son. The neurobehavior disinhibition score in the sons predicted SUD between ages 10–12 and 19. Neurobehavior disinhibition, in conjunction with social maladjustment and drug use frequency, mediated the association between paternal and maternal SUD and son’s SUD. Neurobehavior disinhibition was unrelated to neglect of the child by either the father or mother; however, paternal but not maternal neglect at age 10–12 predicted SUD at age 19. Conclusions: The association of neurobehavior disinhibition in childhood and SUD by young adulthood suggests that a prefrontal cortex dysfunction contributes to SUD liability. The results extend previous findings demonstrating that neurobehavior disinhibition is an important component of the liability to SUD.
Effect of rotator cuff pathology on shoulder rhythm

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that shoulder rhythm is affected by rotator cuff pathology during arm elevation. We divided 42 subjects into 3 groups: those with full-thickness rotator cuff tears (RCTs) (n = 14), those with tendinopathy (n = 13), and control subjects (n = 15). Shoulder kinematics was recorded while subjects performed elevation in the sagittal and scapular planes. Euler angles were computed for scapular and humeral elevation. Data were divided into 3 equal phases. Lines were fit and the slope determined for each phase. Significant differences in slopes ( P
Mid-IR Photoluminescence Measurement of InAs/GaSb Type II Superlattices

The photoluminescence(PL) of InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices is measured with different excitation wavelengths at various temperatures. With 160fs excitation, the PL at 78K is centered at 4.9µm with 980nm spectral width and 2.5ns estimated lifetime.
The Human Estrogen Receptor Structural Gene Contains a DNA Sequence That Binds Activated Mouse and Human Ah Receptors: A Possible Mechanism of Estrogen Receptor Regulation by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

Abstract TCDD decreases ER levels in vitro and in vivo , possibly through down-regulation of the ER structural gene, although the actual mechanism is unknown. We report the identification of six partial and two full length DREs in the 5′ flanking and coding regions of the human ER gene. To test the ability of the coding region DRE (+102) to bind the activated AhR, two complementary oligonucleotides corresponding to the DRE-containing region of the human ER gene were synthesized, termed hERO, and used in a gel shift assay. TCDD-activated nuclear extracts from both mouse Hepa 1c1c7 cells and human MCF-7 cells specifically bound to the hERO with relative binding affinities of 15.5 nM and 5.6 nM, respectively. This binding was dependent upon a functional DRE. The hERO also specifically competed for AhR binding with a DRE-containing oligonucleotide from the mouse CYP1A1 gene. The results suggest a possible mechanism by which TCDD could be acting to modulate ER levels.
Janusz Korczak: Child Advocate Supreme

(1992). Janusz Korczak: Child Advocate Supreme. Childhood Education: Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 29-31.
On the Timing of Genocide

This article offers new insights as to the timing of genocide. Current models of the preconditions of genocide offer value information as to its antecedents, but do not adequately explain how these factors develop and coalesce over time. The present article follows the temporal development of the risk of genocide in both the Ottoman Empire prior to the Armenian genocide of 1915 and Rwanda prior to the 1994 genocide. Through analyzing these case studies, it suggests that there are substantial commonalities in the progression of risk of genocide over time. A new model is proposed that incorporates temporal progression as an integral component of understanding the factors that lead to genocide.
Elevation of endothelial microparticles, platelets, and leukocyte activation in patients with venous thromboembolism.

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to determine the levels of platelet, leukocyte, and endothelial activation and markers of cellular interactions in patients with venous thromboembolism ...
Gauge-invariant frustrated Potts spin-glass

The Ising model of a spin-glass is generalized to the Potts model. Our model possesses a frustration and a guage symmetry similar to those of the random Ising model. The gauge symmetry enables us to obtain exact results for the internal energy, specific heat, and correlation functions. The infinite-range version of this model is discussed at the same level of accuracy as the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick solution of the Ising spin-glass and the phase diagram is obtained. The model is solved exactly on the Bethe lattice and a nontrivial phase diagram is presented.
Cleaning up public housing by sweeping out the poor

Abstract Marginalization of the poor through housing programs is a worldwide concern. As resource constraints, whether real or politically defined, have justified tighter eligibility criteria in many developed countries, the poor have been targets for programmatic changes. This article examines policy changes in the United States that will reduce the proportion of low-income tenants living in public housing on the basis that economic mixing and reduced density will facilitate the production of community. While the intention to improve housing conditions for the poor is an amiable goal, a real concern is that such a change in national housing policy is based too narrowly on a belief in physical determinism. By ignoring systemic conditions that produce economic and racial segregation in the first place, these changes can only lead to fewer units of public housing for those with the greatest needs. I conclude that the concern with producing community in public housing developments is better interpreted as a rhetorical smoke screen that masks a more powerful rationale for getting the Federal government out of the business of maintaining permanent stock of housing for the very poor.
The unique properties of tonic smooth muscle emerge from intrinsic as well as intermolecular behaviors of Myosin molecules.

Abstract To better understand the molecular basis for some of the unique mechanical properties of tonic smooth muscle, we use a laser trap to assay the mechanochemistry of single smooth muscle heavy meromyosin molecules lacking a seven-amino acid insert in the nucleotide binding loop (minus insert). We measured a second-order ATP-induced actin dissociation rate, kT, of 2.2 × 106 m–1 s–1, an ADP release rate, k–D, of 19 s–1, a second-order ADP binding rate, kD, of 60 × 105 m–1 s–1, and an ADP affinity, KD, of 3.2 μm, which is more than 100-fold greater than that measured for skeletal muscle myosin. By performing in vitro motility studies under nearly identical conditions, we show that the relatively slow actin velocity generated by minus-insert heavy meromyosin is significantly influenced, but not limited, by k–D. Our results support a model in which two separate intermediate steps in the actin-myosin catalyzed ATP hydrolysis reaction are energetically coupled through mechanical interactions, and we discuss this model in the context of the ability of tonic muscle to maintain high forces at low energetic cost (latch).
BRAF Oncogenic Mutations Correlate with Progression rather than Initiation of Human Melanoma

BRAF oncogenic mutations have been identified in significant numbers of melanocytic lesions. To correlate BRAF mutation and melanoma progression, we screened BRAF mutations in 65 melanocytic lesions, including nevi, radial growth phase (RGP), vertical growth phase (VGP) melanomas, and melanoma metastases, as well as 25 melanoma cell lines. PCR and direct sequencing were used to analyze DNA samples extracted from laser capture microdissected tissues. A similar high frequency (62-72%) of BRAF oncogenic mutations was identified in melanocytic nevi, VGP, metastatic melanomas, and melanoma cell lines [H. Davies et al., Nature (Lond.), 417: 949-954, 2002; P. M. Pollock et al., Nat. Genet., 33: 19-20, 2002; and M. S. Brose et al., Cancer Res., 62: 6997-7000, 2002]. In striking contrast, we found BRAF lesions in only 10% of the earliest stage or RGP melanomas. These findings imply that BRAF mutations cannot be involved in the initiation of the great majority of melanomas but instead reflect a progression event with important prognostic implications in the transition from the great majority of RGP melanomas to VGP and/or metastatic melanoma.
Can Civic and Moral Education Be Distinguished

Civic educators seem to be faced with an insoluble set of related problems. For example, they can teach students about the civic ideals of their particular nation as a set of empirical facts, what the people of this particular place at this particular time happen to believe about the political and social roles of government and the obligations of citizens to that government and to one another. Alternatively, to provide a moral foundation for civic education, they can teach students a particular comprehensive moral theory—Locke’s liberalism, Mill’s utilitarianism, or Kant’s deontology, for example—from which principles of government, many of which coincide with the nation’s civic ideals, can be deduced. The problem with the first approach is that the resulting civic ideals lack moral authority; they are only anthropological observations about the beliefs that we hold. The problem with the second is that, although the principles thus derived do make genuine normative claims upon students, they are based on controversial metaphysical premises that not all students can accept, especially in a nation of diverse cultures and religions.
Cancer ablation with regional templates applied to prostatectomy specimens from men who were eligible for focal therapy.

OBJECTIVE To assess the totality of prostate cancer eradication in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens from men with a unilaterally positive prostate biopsy, and who would currently qualify for subtotal prostate ablation with controlled thermal energy such as cryoablation or high-intensity focused ultrasound. MATERIALS AND METHODS Therapies for prostate cancer hold the promise of individualized treatment that selectively ablates the tumour while minimizing treatment-associated morbidity, but as prostate cancer is multifocal there are concerns about untreated residual disease. RP specimens (180) from men with a unilaterally positive prostate biopsy were examined to characterize the location, volume and grade of each tumour focus. Two treatment templates (hemiprostate and ‘hockey-stick’) were applied to every prostate cross-section. The nature of the in-field and out-of-field tumours was assessed and described for each treatment template. RESULTS A single focus of cancer was the only tumour in 31 (17%) of the patients (contralateral cancer was present in 149, 83%, of specimens despite a unilateral positive biopsy). Hemiprostate and hockey-stick treatment templates covered all tumour foci in 17% and 47% of men, respectively. Most out-of-field cancers were clinically insignificant tumours not identified by prostate biopsy (low-volume, 0.5 mL; and low grade, Gleason score ≤6). Regional ablation would have successfully treated all clinically significant prostate tumours in 64% and 81% of patients using the hemiprostate or hockey-stick template, respectively. The hockey-stick template encompassed all dominant tumours (largest volume). CONCLUSIONS Regionally targeted prostate ablation is capable of eradicating all dominant tumours and the vast majority of clinically significant tumours in men with unilateral disease by biopsy. The study of focally ablative therapy should proceed under the auspices of an approved protocol.
Effect of personal response systems on student perception and academic performance in courses in a health sciences curriculum.

To increase student engagement, active participation, and performance, personal response systems (clickers) were incorporated into six lecture-based sections of four required courses within the Hea...
Solubility and stability of zeolites in aqueous solution; I, Analcime, Na-, and K-clinoptilolite

The solubilities of analcime and clinoptilolite were determined in dilute, weakly alkaline, aqueous solutions below 300 degrees C and at vapor-saturated pressures. Analcimes used in this study were from Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec (an 1 , Si/Al = 2.02) and Wikieup, Arizona (an 2 , Si/Al = 2.55); clinoptilolite samples were from Castle Creek, Idaho (Si/Al = 4.50). The effects of alkali content (Na,K) on clinoptilolite solubility were determined by using cation-exchanged varieties of the Castle Creek material (cp 1 , cp 2 ). In neutral to weakly alkaline solutions, the dominant solubility-controlling reactions of these zeolites are NaAlSi 2 O 6 .H 2 O(an 1 ) + 5H 2 O(1) Na (super +) + Al(OH) (super -) 4 + 2Si(OH) 4 (aq), Na (sub 0.85) Al (sub 0.85) Si (sub 2.15) O 6 . H 2 O(an 2 ) + 5H 2 O(1) 0.85Na (super +) + 0.85Al(OH) (super -) 4 + 2.15Si(OH) 4 (aq), Na (sub 1.1) Al (sub 1.1) Si (sub 4.9) O 12 .3.5H 2 O(cp1) + 8.5H2O(1) 1.1Na (super +) + 1.1A1(OH) (super -) 4 + 4.9Si(OH) 4 (aq), and K (sub 1.1) Al (sub 1.1) Si (sub 4.9) O 12 .2.7H 2 O(cp 2 ) + 9.3H 2 O(1) 1.1K (super +) + 1.1Al(OH) (super -) 4 + 4.9Si(OH) 4 (aq). The logarithm of the equilibrium constants of these reactions were fit to the function: log K = A + BT + C/T + D log T. At 25 degrees C, log K 25 values for the Mont St. Hilaire analcime, Wikieup analcime, Na-clinoptilolite, and K-clinoptilolite are -16.1, -15.0, -26.5, and -28.1, respectively. These data were combined with the thermodynamic properties of the aqueous (aq) species Si(OH) 4 , Al(OH) (super -) 4 , Na (super +) , K (super +) , and liquid water (1) to determine standard Gibbs free energies of formation as a function of temperature. Values of Delta G f at 25 degrees C and 1 bar for the Mont St. Hilaire analcime and Wikieup analcime are -3089.2 and -3044.4 kJ/mol, respectively. The Delta G f values for hydrous Na-clinoptilolite and K-clinoptilolite, respectively, are -6267.9 and -6107.4 kJ/mol at 25 degrees C and 1 bar. The solubility data reported here, and results obtained from previous calorimetric studies, indicate that the aluminosilicate frameworks of analcime and clinoptilolite are stabilized by an increase in Al content.
A systematic commercialization approach for academically developed biomedical innovations

Bringing biomedical innovations to commercialization requires a detailed navigation of the product development system on several challenging levels. Detailed knowledge of the product design from an engineering front combined with the proper application of the product to clinical scenarios, patent law application with proper funding, and marketing involve an enormity of complex systemic steps and policies that can make this an impossible task for academically inspired innovations of which the inventor typically has little knowledge or skills to achieve. Through the USC/Alfred Mann Institute of Biomedical Engineering, we have designed a company team, Med Tools, Inc, which includes specialists from several necessary disciplines to achieve this goal in a financially reasonable, timely and system comprehensive manner. The team includes patent lawyers, mechanical engineers, medical doctors in academia, and physicians with media/public relations who all raised an internal financial pool to begin the process and keep the company Board of Directors to a minimum of the original founders. After a meeting during which initial team's goals were discussed and capitol was raised, the design process between the engineers and physicians began, including aspects of how a physician would need a proposed product to perform clinically combined with what engineering aspects would have to be met. During the time in which several models were introduced, tested and reformatted by the engineers and physicians, the patent law specialists were busy tackling the process of patent application for the proposed models. In addition, through major AMI connections, marketing was investigated as well as proposed partners for product production. At this time, we have designed products ready for marketing and clinical implementation. For example the ‘Perineal Umbrella’ an academic physician's original invention brought to fruition thorough the team approach which we have brought for demonstration purposes.
e-Health Service Characteristics and QoS Guarantee

The research effort for a national e-Health interconnection infrastructure and for the needs of supporting design guidelines is in great demand. This paper presents our approach towards an e-Health processing QoS framework for network infrastructure management in order to design and implement e-Health communication quality of service guarantees.
Cardiovascular interactions: an interactive tutorial and mathematical model

The maintenance of an adequate cardiac output and systemic arterial blood pressure is a complex process with intricacies that are often difficult to understand. Cardiovascular Interactions is an ac...
FRESH WATER: PERSPECTIVES ON THE INTEGRATION OF RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND DECISION MAKING

Education is most effective when coupled to discovery, and discovery is most rewarding when coupled to education. To integrate these with decision making, a strong and flexible feedback loop should be nourished between the generation of information and its use. Scientific uncertainty is only one of many drivers and limits to freshwater decision makers. Freshwater decision makers need interdisciplinary, transferable, comprehensive-scale studies. The expense of these studies, and institutional barriers, tip the balance of work toward smaller studies that must be integrated after the fact. A number of ongoing efforts hold promise for the integration of research, education, and decision making.
Green Careers and the Community College: Embrace the Possibility.

This article identifies emerging green themes and describes the green career paths that exist for students who have completed community college level coursework. It also explores the green employment opportunities, future trends, job titles, and salary ranges expected in these positions. It questions the community college’s higher education role, especially going beyond sustainable declarations with national organizations, incorporating green certificates, and becoming a leader in providing sustainable education.
N-beam nonlinear traveling-wave amplifier analysis

In large-diameter electron stream traveling-wave amplifiers there is a significant variation of the circuit electric field across the stream. Most analyses neglect the effects of these field variations. An approximate method has been used to study the effect of transverse field variations on the gain and effciency of large-signal traveling-wave amplifiers. The annular electron stream is subdivided into a number of annular rings each containing an equal fraction of the total current. It is assumed that the circuit field varies over the stream cross section and that each segment has a different coupling to the circuit. The space-charge field is assumed independent of radius. The effect on gain and efficiency is calculated for a stream diameter of B = 1 and it is found that a subdivision of the stream into two segments with different couplings to the circuit gives a lower saturation efficiency but that further subdivision does not appreciably charge the results.
Role of β-arrestin 1 in the metastatic progression of colorectal cancer

G protein-coupled receptor ligand-dependent transactivation of growth factor receptors has been implicated in human cancer cell proliferation, migration, and cell survival. For example, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2))-induced transactivation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) in colorectal carcinoma cells is mediated by means of a c-Src-dependent mechanism and regulates cell proliferation and migration. Recent evidence indicates that beta-arrestin 1 may act as an important mediator in G protein-coupled receptor-induced activation of c-Src. Whether beta-arrestin 1 serves a functional role in these events is, however, unknown. We investigated the effects of PGE(2) on colorectal cancer cells expressing WT and mutant beta-arrestin 1. Here we report that PGE(2) induces the association of a prostaglandin E receptor 4/beta-arrestin 1/c-Src signaling complex resulting in the transactivation of the EGFR and downstream Akt (PKB) signaling. The interaction of beta-arrestin 1 and c-Src is critical for the regulation of colorectal carcinoma cell migration in vitro as well as metastatic spread of disease to the liver in vivo. These results show that the prostaglandin E/beta-arrestin 1/c-Src signaling complex is a crucial step in PGE(2)-mediated transactivation of the EGFR and may play a pivotal role in tumor metastasis. Furthermore, our data implicate a functional role for beta-arrestin 1 as a mediator of cellular migration and metastasis.
Representations of Knot Groups and Twisted Alexander Polynomials

We present a twisted version of the Alexander polynomial associated with a matrix representation of the knot group. Examples of two knots with the same Alexander module but different twisted Alexander polynomials are given.
Lack of any antagonism between pyridoxine and isoniazid in the chemotherapy of acutely or chronically tuberculous mice

Summary Evidence has been presented that pyridoxine does not diminish the antituberculosis effect of isoniazid in acutely or chronically tuberculous mice whether isoniazid treatment was substantial or minimal, and regardless of which in a wide range of vitamin:isoniazid ratios was employed. These results, along with others from various laboratories, which are discussed, support the accumulating evidence that pyridoxine can be used along with isoniazid in the chemotherapy, of tuberculosis with little fear that practical inhibition of the curative effects of isoniazid will result.
Issues in defining, analyzing, refining, and specifying system dependability requirements

Requirements specification has long been acknowledged as an area for further research in the development of systems, particularly for those that are computer based. In addition, an IEEE White Paper by Tripp and Keane indicates that current practice regarding system dependability is in large part based on "tricks of the trade ", and that there is a need to codify "best practices ". This paper attempts to codify the practice for specifying dependability requirements, by classifying and describing the process and product requirements needed for such specification.
CHAOTIC REGIMES, POST-BIFURCATION DYNAMICS, AND COMPETITIVE MODES FOR A GENERALIZED DOUBLE HOPF NORMAL FORM

We discuss the post-bifurcation dynamics of the general double Hopf normal form, which allows us to study two intermittent routes to chaos (routes following either (i) subcritical or (ii) supercritical Hopf or double Hopf bifurcations). In particular, the route following supercritical bifurcations is somewhat subtle. Such behavior following repeated Hopf bifurcations is well-known and widely observed, including the classical Ruelle–Takens and quasiperiodic routes to chaos. However, it has not, to the best of our knowledge, been considered in the context of the double Hopf normal form, although it has been numerically observed and tracked in the post-double-Hopf regime. We then apply the method of competitive modes to verify parameter regimes for which the double Hopf normal form exhibits chaotic behavior. Such an analysis is useful, as it allows us to potentially identify specific parameter regimes for which the system may exhibit strange or irregular behavior, something which would be extremely difficult otherwise in a system with so many parameters. Indeed, it is conjectured that for parameter sets with two of the square-mode frequencies competitive or nearly competitive, chaotic behavior is likely to be observed in the system. We apply the method of competitive modes to two representative cases where intermittent chaos is found, and the competitive mode analysis there seems to verify the occurrence of chaos in each of the two types of regimes.
A Multiple Attribute Evaluation of Bayesian Availability Estimators

Three system availability estimation methods, maximum likelihood, traditional Bayes, and Brender's Bayes were used to obtain estimates for two exponentially distributed data sets. From the simulation results, a best estimation method was chosen through the use of five multiple attribute decision making (MADM) techniques: dominance, simple additive weighting, linear assignment, ELECTRE, and TOPSIS. In terms of the five criteria which are: closeness to steady state, variability between samples, computer execution time, ease of programming, and ease of understanding; and their importance (weight) on the final decision, Brender's Bayes estimation was superior to the other two.
Breast cancer imaging and stroke monitoring with diffuse optics

This talk is oriented towards functional diffuse optical imaging and spectroscopy of tissue. My focus will be on several recent studies. For our breast cancer research, I will summarize the tumor contrast results obtained in a pilot clinical investigation employing diffuse optical tomography (DOT). I will present first in-vivo fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (FDOT) of breast cancer [1]. I will describe the measurement of tumor blood flow and oxygenation of breast cancer during chemotherapy [2], I will present multi-modal measurements combining DOT with positron emission tomography (PET) [3], and I will summarize the findings of our primary ongoing clinical trial. Lastly, I will describe experiments to monitor stroke in human brain; these experiments probe cerebral blood flow and hemodynamic changes [4] in response to perturbations such as head-of-bed positioning.
Dynamic connectivity and dynamic affiliation. Comment on "Understanding brain networks and brain organization" by L. Pessoa.

Structure-function mapping in the human brain is a non-trivial endeavor that has occupied neuroscientists for many years. While a network approach, elegantly summarized by Pessoa (Pessoa, 2014), has for the most part supplanted simple one-to-one mapping schemes, several outstanding issues remain. The concept of “dynamic affiliation” of a particular brain region with a network in a certain context goes a long way towards providing a more sophisticated description of how any given region may participate in multiple cognitive processes. Despite the considerable insights into brain function provided by the network perspectives summarized by Pessoa, it is apparent that “rigorous characterization of brain networks is in its infancy”. An emerging literature suggests that an additional layer of complexity may exist when the time domain is considered in the study of human brain networks. Though it is often stated that dynamic interactions between brain regions constitute the basis of cognition, the majority of extant functional connectivity (FC) MRI studies assume temporal stationarity of functional connectivity metrics across a given period. However, recent reports challenge this notion, and have demonstrated changes in functional connectivity metrics over time. Thus, the assumption that FC measures are constant over time is overly simplistic. The new science of “dynamic functional connectivity” attempts to account for variations in network structure as a function of time. A common strategy for examining dynamics in resting-state FC is a sliding window approach whereby a time window of fixed length is selected, and data points within that window are used to calculate the FC metric of interest. The window is then shifted in time by a fixed number of data points that defines the amount of overlap between successive windows. This process results in quantification of the time-varying behavior of the chosen metric over the duration of the scan (Hutchison et al., 2013). Using a sliding-window correlation procedure, Chang and colleagues identified regions across the brain that exhibited variable connectivity with the posterior cingulate cortex over time, including transient periods of functional connectivity with attention and salience processing systems (Chang & Glover, 2010). These and other recent dynamic functional connectivity findings may provide a mechanistic basis for the “dynamic affiliation” concept discussed by Pessoa. In his discussion of network overlap at connector hubs, Pessoa describes how a given brain region (for example the amygdala) might participate in several communities or networks. An exciting avenue for future research may involve the use of dynamic functional connectivity measures to ascertain the moment-to-moment contribution of a particular brain region to a specific large-scale brain network.
Comparing the Chinese Dream with the American Dream

Comparison of the Chinese Dream with the American Dream reveals that the Chinese Dream has four main themes: national rejuvenation, common prosperity, democracy, and the people's happiness; whereas, the American Dream emphasizes personal liberty, individual success, and upward social and economic mobility. Investigation of the historical origins and development of the two dreams, conjoined with an account of their aims and purposes, shows that full realization of the Chinese Dream is achieved by successfully building socialism with Chinese characteristics; the American Dream, by contrast, serves as an ideological prop for a particularly aggressive, predatory, and imperialistic form of capitalism. Furthermore, a comparison of each dream in actual practice shows that the Chinese Dream of fully developed socialism has been more successful at promoting common prosperity and peaceful, sustainable development, while the American Dream of unbridled capitalism encourages unsustainable development, growing poverty...
Examination of validity in spoken language evaluations: Adult onset stuttering following mild traumatic brain injury.

Background Reports of increased incidence of adult onset stuttering in veterans and service members with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) from combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan lead to a reexamination of the neurogenic vs. psychogenic etiology of stuttering. Objective This article proposes to examine the merit of the dichotomy between neurogenic and psychogenic bases of stuttering, including symptom exaggeration, for the evaluation and treatment of the disorder. Methods Two case studies of adult onset stuttering in service members with mTBI from improvised explosive device blasts are presented in detail. Speech fluency was disrupted by abnormal pauses and speech hesitations, brief blocks, rapid repetitions, and occasional prolongations. There was also wide variability in the frequency of stuttering across topics and conversational situations. Treatment focused on reducing the frequency and severity of dysfluencies and included educational, psychological, environmental, and behavioral interventions. Results Stuttering characteristics as well as the absence of objective neurological findings ruled out neurogenic basis of stuttering in these two cases and pointed to psychogenic causes. However, the differential diagnosis had only limited value for developing the plan of care. Conclusions The successful outcomes of the treatment serve to illustrate the complex interaction of neurological, psychological, emotional, and environmental factors of post-concussive symptoms and to underscore the notion that there are many facets to symptom presentation in post-combat health.