cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cor triatriatum dexter. Persistent right sinus venosus valve.

Abstract The usual causes of a large right to left shunt at the atrial level are tricuspid or pulmonary atresia, severe pulmonary stenosis, Ebstein's anomaly or a large atrial septal defect with pulmonary hypertension. We have recently evaluated a patient with a large right atrial membrane which subdivided the right atrium into 2 chambers with the venae cavae and foramen ovale on one side of the web and the coronary sinus and a small tricuspid valve on the other. The presence of this membrane was demonstrated preoperatively by cineangiograms, and it was successfully removed at operation. This unusual entity, cor triatriatum dexter, is discussed and the literature reviewed.
Chapter 5 Water Permeation across Membranes

Publisher Summary The chapter presents information on water permeation across membranes. The 1990s have been a time of remarkable advances in the molecular identification and structure–function analysis of water transporting proteins in cells. There are now at least 10 water-transporting proteins (“water channels” or “aquaporins”) in mammals and many more in plants, bacteria, and other organisms. Several different types of membrane transporters have been found to carry water under some conditions. Technical advances in the measurement of water transport and in structure analysis by diffraction methods have yielded key information on water channel structure–function relationships. Transgenic mouse models with specific deletions in water channel proteins have been developed to study the physiological role of water channels. This chapter discusses reviews on the basic biophysical description of water transport, modern measurement approaches, and current knowledge about the ways in which water moves through bilayers and aquaporin water channels, and recent advances in the field. The chapter also describes reviews on the biophysical parameters that characterize water transport. Phenotype analysis of transgenic mouse models of aquaporin deletion and mutation is likely to be highly informative. Screening for aquaporin mutations in human genetic diseases associated with abnormalities of fluid balance may be informative. The manipulation of aquaporin expression and targeting by pharmacological agents or gene transfer might provide new therapies for water retention, pulmonary edema, glaucoma, and other common clinical problems involving fluid regulation.
Functional anatomy of macaque striate cortex. I. Ocular dominance, binocular interactions, and baseline conditions

A series of experiments was carried out using 14C-2-deoxy-d-glucose (DG) in order to examine the functional architecture of macaque striate (primary visual) cortex. This paper describes the results of experiments on uptake during various baseline (or reference) conditions of visual stimulation (described below), and on differences in the functional architecture following monocular versus binocular viewing conditions. In binocular “baseline” experiments, monkeys were stimulated either (1) in the dark, (2) with a diffuse gray screen, or (3) with a very general visual stimulus composed of gratings of varied orientation and spatial frequency. In all of these conditions, DG uptake was found to be topographically uniform within all layers of parafoveal striate cortex. In monocular experiments that were otherwise similar, uptake was topographically uniform within the full extent of the eye dominance strip, in all layers. Certain other visual stimuli produce high uptake in the blobs, and still another set of visual stimuli (including high-spatial-frequency gratings) produce highest uptake between the blobs at parafoveal eccentricities, even in an unanesthetized, unparalyzed monkey. Eye movements per se had no obvious effect on striate DG uptake. Endogenous uptake in the blobs (relative to that in the interblobs) appears higher in the squirrel monkey than in the macaque. The pattern of DG uptake produced by binocular viewing was found to deviate in a number of ways from that expected by linearly summing the component monocular DG patterns. One of the most interesting deviations was an enhancement of the representation of visual field borders between stimuli differing from each other in texture, orientation, direction, etc. This “border enhancement” was confined to striate layers 1–3 (not appearing in any of the striate input layers), and it only appeared following binocular, but not monocular, viewing conditions. The border enhancement may be related to a suppression of DG uptake that occurs during binocular viewing conditions in layers 2 + 3 (and perhaps layers 1 and 4B), but not in layers 4Ca, 4Cb, 5 or 6. Another major class of binocular interaction was a spread of neural activity into the “unstimulated” ocular dominance strips following monocular stimulation. Such an effect was prominent in striate layer 4Ca, but it did not occur in layer 4Cb. This “binocular” spread of DG uptake into the inappropriate eye dominance strip in 4Ca may be related to the appearance of orientation tuning and orientation columns in that layer. No DG effects were seen that depended on the absolute disparity of visual stimuli in macaque striate cortex.
A transient thermohydrodynamic analysis of dynamically loaded finite journal bearings with rough surface including mass conserving cavitation

Abstract A transient ISOADI (Isothermal Shaft and Adiabatic bush inner surface) analysis of dynamically loaded journal bearing in mixed lubrication is presented by solving the average generalized Reynolds equation with the consideration of mass conserving cavitation, 2-D energy equation in the oil, and heat conduction equation in the journal simultaneously. The temperature in the journal is treated as quasi-steady over one loading cycle. A detailed study of the system in term of the minimum nominal film thickness, maximum film pressure, heat flow into the journal, power loss, oil flow rate, and the temperature distribution indicates that the bearing behavior is closely tied to the surface roughness texture, asperity load, bearing geometry, and operating conditions.
What kinds of communication are required on the job

In computer science, but particularly in software engineering, the ability to communicate well is an important skill. However, in a classroom setting, the writing and oral communication assignments that we require of our students may not be directly related to tasks that they will be called upon to do after graduation. For example, one typical writing assignment - writing a term paper on some technical topic - is not typical of the kind of writing done on the job. Other assignments may be closer to the mark - for example, specification and design documents, code reviews, and user manuals are more like real work products. While the skills involved in the two kinds of assignment are similar, those that prepare students with job skills may be preferable. Since project-oriented software engineering courses are intended to give students practice with real-world skills for use on industrial system development projects, the question arises: are these writing and presentation assignments typical of the actual communication tasks students will be asked to do on the job?
The Enzymatic α-N-Methylation of Histidine

Cell-free extracts of Neurospora crassa catalyze the methylation of the α-amino nitrogen atom of histidine, α-N-methylhistidine, and α-N,N-dimethylhistidine to form hercynine (α-N,N,N-trimethylhistidine). S-Adenosylmethionine serves as the common methyl group donor. The enzyme system responsible for these methylations has been purified 500-fold by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. The most highly purified preparation showed a single major component during acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fractionation studies, kinetic studies, inhibition studies, and heat-inactivation studies all indicate that a single enzyme (histidine-α-N-methyltransferase) is responsible for the three transmethylation reactions involved in the conversion of histidine to hercynine.
Relationships between Spatial Metrics and Plant Diversity in Constructed Freshwater Wetlands.

The diversity of plant species and their distribution in space are both thought to have important effects on the function of wetland ecosystems. However, knowledge of the relationships between plant species and spatial diversity remains incomplete. In this study, we investigated relationships between spatial pattern and plant species diversity over a five year period following the initial restoration of experimental wetland ecosystems. In 2003, six identical and hydrologically-isolated 0.18 ha wetland “cells” were constructed in former farmland in northeast Ohio. The systems were subjected to planting treatments that resulted in different levels of vascular plant species diversity among cells. Plant species diversity was assessed through annual inventories. Plant spatial pattern was assessed by digitizing low-altitude aerial photographs taken at the same time as the inventories. Diversity metrics derived from the inventories were significantly related to certain spatial metrics derived from the photographs, including cover type diversity and contagion. We found that wetlands with high cover type diversity harbor higher plant species diversity than wetlands with fewer types of patches. We also found significant relationships between plant species diversity and spatial patterning of patch types, but the direction of the effect differed depending on the diversity metric used. Links between diversity and spatial pattern observed in this study suggest that high-resolution aerial imagery may provide wetland scientists with a useful tool for assessing plant diversity.
Stimulus novelty and intraseries primacy in GSR adaptation

GSR records were obtained for four groups of 20 Ss. Group I was presented with a series of four different lights (amber, blue, green, and white) appearing 20 times each, in apparent random order. The procedure was similar for the other three groups except that in group 2, a novel stimulus (a red light) appeared instead of the sixth amber light; in group 3, it appeared instead of the 16th amber light; and, in group 4, it appeared instead of the 16th amber light. Typical GSR adaptation phenomena were observed in all groups. The introduction of the novel stimulus appeared to have no effect on the course of GSR adaptation.
Cis-Active Determinants of Cardiac-Specific Expression in the Human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Gene

Expression of the human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP)gene is controlled by a series of positive and negative cis-acting regulatory elements present in the 5′ flanking sequences (5′FS) of the gene. Positive elements located between −1150 and −222, relative to the transcription start site, appear to be responsible for the major portion of ANP gene expression in neonatal rat cardiac atrial cells. While neonatal ventricular cardiocytes, at a qualitative level, seem to employ regulatory signals similar to their atrial counterparts, they do so with reduced efficiency. Expression of the hANP gene in nonmyocardial cells is limited by the presence of silencer elements in the distal (−2593 to −1150) and proximal (−222 to the CAP site) 5′FS. Further characterization of a 64-base pair cardiac-specific element (−410 to −332), described previously, revealed that a core sequence of 40 base pairs is required for functional activity. This core sequence includes a previously defined DNAse-l footprint region flanked by ...
A Tunable Low-Noise Microcavity Laser Based on Brillouin Gain

We demonstrate the combination of a tunable Brillouin microcavity laser and a second reference microcavity that together provide a compact 1550 nm laser source with fractional noise < 7.8E-14 1/√Hz at 10 Hz offset.
Electrical properties of strained nano-thin 3C–SiC/Si heterostructures

The effects of strain on the conduction mechanism in heterostructures consisting of strained nano-thin 3C–SiC films on Si are reported. These films exhibit significantly different electrical behaviours than the bulk material. Strained nano-thin 3C–SiC films were grown on n-type Si substrates by gas source molecular beam epitaxy. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction patterns show that these films are about 3% strained relative to the SiC lattice constant. In order to investigate the electrical properties of thin film structures, Al, Cr and Pt contacts to a nano-thin film 3C–SiC were deposited and characterized. The I–V measurements of the strained nano-thin films demonstrate back-to-back Schottky diode characteristics and the band offsets due to the biaxial tensile strain introduced within the 3C–SiC films were calculated and simulated. Based on the experimental and simulation results, an empirical model for the current transport in the heterostructures based on strained nano-thin films has been proposed. It was found that due to the band alignment of this structure, current is constrained at the surface which allows use of nano-thin films as surface sensors.
The role of firm resources and organizational attributes in determining entry timing: a cross-industry study

We investigate the factors that influence the timing of entry of firms into new industries based on new technology. Consistent with previous research, it is hypothesized that firm resources and organizational attributes influence entry timing. Unlike previous research, there is specific consideration of how industry setting—specifically, the extent to which it offers first mover advantages—influences the ability to predict timing of entry. The ability to explain entry timing differed across industries, with success occurring in the industry with strong first mover advantages. Two categories of resources, technological and marketing, were found to be associated with early entry. The organizational attributes that influenced early entry were commitment to a threatened market and (surprisingly) greater size. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Schwefeldioxid als Ligand und Synthon. XI. IR‐spektrometrische Untersuchungen an SO2‐Komplexen von Nickel und Palladium

Die IR-Spektren von ausgewahlten SO2-Phosphan-Nickel- bzw. -Palladium-Komplexen wurden aufgenommen und interpretiert. Dabei zeigen sich Zusammenhange zwischen Donorstarke der Phosphanliganden, den vMS und den SO2-Valenzschwingungen. Fur Ni(PCy3)2SO2 wurden zusatzlich Tieftemperaturspektren untersucht. Unsere Spektreninterpretationen relativieren fruhere Zuordnungshilfen fur Metall-SO2-Koordinationstypen, die auf den Differenzen Δṽ der antisymmetrischen und symmetrischen SO2-Valenzschwingungen beruhen. Sulphurdioxide as Ligand and Synthon. XI. I. R. Spectrometric Investigations on SO2 Complexes of Nickel and Palladium I. R. spectra of several SO2-phosphane complexes of nickel and palladium have been investigated. Relationships between donor strength of the phosphane ligands, the vMS and the SO2 stretching frequencies are obvious. Ni(PCy3)2SO2 shows special effects at low temperatures. Our discussions of the spectra make it necessary and possible to give a more precise interpretation between structure of the MSO2 fragments and the differences Δṽ of the antisymmetric and symmetric stretch of SO2.
Innovation in traditional food products in Europe: Do sector innovation activities match consumers’ acceptance?

Abstract Traditional food products are subject to an increased interest in Europe. Innovations, though controversial in the context of traditional food, are essential to maximally cope with this opportunity. So far, only few studies have concentrated on innovation in the traditional food sector. In this paper sector and consumer data are combined in order to validate to what extent innovations in the traditional food sector match with consumers’ acceptance. Sector innovations were explored through 270 interviews, covering 90 traditional food chains in three European countries (Belgium, Italy and Hungary). Consumers’ innovation acceptance was investigated using a quantitative survey approach with 2429 respondents in Belgium, Italy and Poland. In general, both the sector and the consumers were open towards innovations in traditional food products. In addition, the innovation activities of the sector were matching well with the innovations accepted by consumers. Throughout, preserving the traditional character of the food was stressed as a prerequisite for innovations in traditional food products.
4 He adsorption and third-sound propagation on rough CaF 2 surfaces

We have investigated the propagation of third sound on well characterized rough ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ surfaces as a function of ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}$ film thickness. In addition we have measured the adsorption of ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}$ to the ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ surfaces using quartz crystal microbalances. We report values for the superfluid depletion thickness D for the three surfaces examined here. A model for the reduction of the third-sound speed due to the increased helium adsorption on rough ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ is explored.
Egg characteristics and hatch performance of Athens Canadian Random Bred 1955 meat-type chickens and 2013 Cobb 500 broilers

Athens Canadian Random Bred (ACRB) chickens, a 1955 meat-type control strain, were incubated with the 2013 Cobb 500 broiler to determine differences in egg composition, conductance values, incubation duration, hatch performance, and yolk utilization. Unincubated ACRB eggs had greater percentage solids than Cobb 500 eggs. The ACRB eggs had a greater solid portion as yolk, whereas the Cobb 500 devoted more solid percentage to albumen. Percentage shell was not different between the strains, but ACRB eggs had 2.7% greater percentage moisture loss after 18 d of incubation than Cobb 500 eggs. Conductance, conductance constant, and conductance standardized to a 100 g egg weight basis were all higher for ACRB eggs than Cobb 500 eggs at 12 and 18 d of incubation. The Cobb 500 chicks hatched 6 h earlier than ACRB chicks. The Cobb 500 incubation duration was 498 h, and the ACRB incubation duration was 504 h. There was no difference between the strains for percentage infertile eggs, embryonic mortality, hatchability, or salable chicks. The ACRB chicks hatched with a smaller dried residual yolk sac as a percentage of chick weight compared with the Cobb 500. Both strains had an average relative yolk-free chick weight of 61% of average initial egg weight. Thus the Cobb 500 eggs had decreased gas exchange across the eggshell, which may have contributed to the earlier hatch and decreased yolk utilization. Modern Cobb 500 broiler embryonic metabolism appears to have either become more dependent on albumen rather than yolk or has become more efficient with yolk reserves during development. Broiler hatch performance does not appear to have changed over the past 58 yr.
A COMMODITY-REGIONAL MODEL OF WEST VIRGINIA*

This paper presents the specification, estimation, validation, and application of a modeling study which analyzes the possible impacts of a resource industry on a state economy. The Commodity Regional Econometric Annual Macro Model of West Virginia (CREAM model) is composed of a commodity model of the West Virginia coal industry and a macroeconometric regional model of the West Virginia state economy. The model describes the detailed interrelationship between the primary commodity sector and the rest of the economy of the region. The CREAM model utilizes the concept of engine of growth at the regional level and shows the impacts of market fluctuations in the demand for and value of coal on the economy of the state.
Abstract 5214: miR-424(322)/503 cluster orchestrates remodeling of the epithelium in the involuting mammary gland and plays a role in breast cancer development

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA The mammary gland is a very dynamic organ that undergoes continuous remodeling. The critical regulators of this process are not fully understood. Here we identify the microRNA cluster miR-424(322)/503 as an important regulator of epithelial involution after pregnancy and tumorigenesis. Importantly, miR-424(322)/503 loci is deleted in 20% of basal and luminal B tumors. Through the generation of a knock-out mouse model, we found that regression of the secretory acini of the mammary gland was compromised in the absence of miR-424(322)/503. Mechanistically, we show that miR-424(322)/503 orchestrates cell life and death decisions by targeting CDC25A, BCL-2 and IGF1R. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the expression of this miR-cluster is regulated by TGF-β, a well characterized regulator of mammary involution. Overall, our data suggest a model where activation of the TGF-β pathway after weaning induces the transcription of the miR-424(322)/503 which in turn downregulates the expression of key genes. Here, we unveil a previously unknown, multilayered-regulation of epithelial tissue remodeling coordinated by the microRNA cluster miR-424(322)/503. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: David Llobet Navas, Ruth Rodriguez Barrueco, Jose Silva. miR-424(322)/503 cluster orchestrates remodeling of the epithelium in the involuting mammary gland and plays a role in breast cancer development. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5214. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5214
An efficient one- and two-way avoidance apparatus capable of producing identical one- and two-way avoidance performance

A platformed one- and two-way avoidance apparatus is described in which the need for handling the subjects in the one-way task is eliminated and the two-way task is very quickly learned. The acquisition curves obtained for these two tasks are indistinguishable.
Lengths of Paths and Cycles in Zero-Divisor Graphs and Digraphs of Semigroups

Short, elementary proofs of the optimal bounds for various path and cycle lengths are given for the zero-divisor graphs and digraphs of semigroups.
Learning factorial codes by predictability minimization

I propose a novel general principle for unsupervised learning of distributed nonredundant internal representations of input patterns. The principle is based on two opposing forces. For each representational unit there is an adaptive predictor, which tries to predict the unit from the remaining units. In turn, each unit tries to react to the environment such that it minimizes its predictability. This encourages each unit to filter "abstract concepts" out of the environmental input such that these concepts are statistically independent of those on which the other units focus. I discuss various simple yet potentially powerful implementations of the principle that aim at finding binary factorial codes (Barlow et al. 1989), i.e., codes where the probability of the occurrence of a particular input is simply the product of the probabilities of the corresponding code symbols. Such codes are potentially relevant for (1) segmentation tasks, (2) speeding up supervised learning, and (3) novelty detection. Methods for...
A Contextual Theory for Business Writing

What is the role of conventions in business writing? Too often, textbook samples of business writing are removed from their original contexts. If we invite students to analyze these models for specific textual features, we teach them methods of formalist evaluation, but we fail to teach them ways in which they can learn to analyze and respond to specific contexts, see the subtle ways in which texts are inflected with many voices, and actively participate in the cultural conversation of the business community. This article moves from a critique of conventions to theories of context and intertext; these theories are applied to case studies of both professional and student business writing practices to analyze how rhetorical exchanges shape conventions and communication.
A Semiautomated Sky Survey for Slow-moving Objects Suitable for a Pluto Express Mission Encounter

We have developed a robust computer program that quickly and efficiently searches for moving objects in large-format CCD images. We describe the initial application of this program to a survey for Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) and Centaurs along the path of NASA's planned Pluto Express mission. Tests have been made to quantify our survey sensitivity, indicating an effective sky area of 2.22 deg2 searched to a limiting visual plus red "VR" magnitude of 23.1 and an effective area of 0.65 deg2 searched to a limiting VR magnitude of 23.5. The first data set consists of fields near the expected postrendezvous flight path of the Pluto Express mission, and analysis resulted in the detection of two KBO candidates. The second data set is from a region at higher Galactic latitude, and it produced a further two KBO candidates.
Dual regulation of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel by activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels couple cellular metabolic status to membrane electrical activity. In this study, we performed patch-clamp recordings to investigate how cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG) regulates the function of KATP channels, using both transfected human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. In intact SH-SY5Y cells, the single-channel currents of Kir6.2/sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) 1 channels, a neuronal-type KATP isoform, were enhanced by zaprinast, a cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor; this enhancement was abolished by inhibition of PKG, suggesting a stimulatory role of cGMP/PKG signaling in regulating the function of neuronal KATP channels. Similar effects of cGMP accumulation were confirmed in intact HEK293 cells expressing Kir6.2/SUR1 channels. In contrast, direct application of purified PKG suppressed rather than activated Kir6.2/SUR1 channels in excised, inside-out patches, while tetrameric Kir6.2LRKR368/369/370/371AAAA channels expressed without the SUR subunit were not modulated by zaprinast or purified PKG. Lastly, reconstitution of the soluble guanylyl cyclase/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway by generation of nitric oxide led to Kir6.2/SUR1 channel activation in both cell types. Taken together, here, we report novel findings that PKG exerts dual functional regulation of neuronal KATP channels in a SUR subunit-dependent manner, which may provide new means of therapeutic intervention for manipulating neuronal excitability and/or survival.
Social Support and Coping Behaviors of Low-Income Families Experiencing Food Insufficiency in North Carolina

The Food Research and Action Center estimates that approximately 12% of all families with children younger than 12 years old experience food insufficiency in the United States. The authors conducted 16 focus groups with 141 participants, who were either at risk or experienced food insufficiency, to learn about coping strategies. Individual and network-level coping mechanisms were used to manage insufficient food supply. Social networks included family, friends, and neighbors. The assistance provided included food aid, information, and emotional support. Not all networks were relied on or accessed by everyone. Most participants reported that they relied on family members first, followed by friends, and then neighbors. Parents found reliance on anyone as stressful and often threatening. In conclusion, as the social welfare system becomes constrained, more and more households may experience food insufficiency. Responsive policies are therefore needed to assist low-income families.
Biliary self-expandable metal stents do not adversely affect pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Objectives Controversy exists regarding whether to place a plastic or metal endobiliary stent in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer who require biliary drainage. Although self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) provide better drainage compared to plastic stents, concerns remain that SEMS may compromise resection and increase postoperative complications. Our objective was to compare surgical outcomes of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with SEMS in place versus plastic endoscopic stents (PES) and no stents (NS).
Receptor Synergy From Thin Fiber Muscle Afferents. Focus on “Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Innervating Skeletal Muscle Respond to Physiological Combinations of Protons, ATP, and Lactate Mediated by ASIC, P2X, and TRPV1”

In the recent article by Light et al., the authors identify the substances critical to signaling pain and fatigue in skeletal muscle. The identified substances act on Group III and IV fibers, which are thinly myelinated and unmyelinated, respectively, and correspond to their better known cutaneous
Synthesis of 7-oxo-dihydrospiro[indazole-5,4'-piperidine] acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors.

Synthesis of oxo-dihydrospiroindazole-based acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors is reported. The dihydrospiroindazoles were assembled in a regioselective manner in six steps from substituted hydrazines and protected 4-formylpiperidine. Enhanced regioselectivity in the condensation between a keto enamine and substituted hydrazines was observed when using toluene as the solvent, leading to selective formation of 1-substituted spiroindazoles. The 2-substituted spiroindazoles were formed selectively from alkyl hydrazones by ring closure with Vilsmeier reagent. The key step in the elaboration to the final products is the conversion of an intermediate olefin to the desired ketone through elimination of HBr from an O-methyl bromohydrin. This methodology enabled the synthesis of each desired regioisomer on 50–75 g scale with minimal purification. Acylation of the resultant spirocyclic amines provided potent ACC inhibitors.
PERSPECTIVE: Toward a Behavioral Theory of Strategy

This paper offers an analytical structure to pinpoint the behavioral roots of superior performance, where “behavioral” denotes “being about mental processes.” Such roots are identified in behavioral deviations from market efficiency. The causes of these deviations are behavioral factors that bound firms' ability to pursue and compete for superior opportunities. Because these bounds are systematic and diffused among firms, they ensure that latent opportunities are not competed away. In this setting, the behavioral bases of superior performance stem from a superior ability to overcome focal behavioral bounds. This analytical structure is used to identify the mental processes especially important to firm performance that strategic leaders can reliably manage. Its key insight is that superior opportunities are cognitively distant. They rarely correspond to common ways of thinking. The reason for this is that it is necessary to overcome strong behavioral bounds to pursue these opportunities. This insight contrasts with mainstream behavioral approaches to strategy, which focus on the virtues of local action, and it has two implications: the behavioral essence of superior performance corresponds to strategic leaders' superior ability to manage the mental processes necessary to pursue cognitively distant opportunities; and pursuing the cognitively distant implies a more expansive conception of strategic agency (e.g., the role of strategic leaders) than is acknowledged by mainstream behavioral approaches to strategy. The challenges posed by this conception require a model of human cognition that goes beyond the understanding of bounded rationality that is diffused in current behavioral strategy research. The second part of the paper assesses the traits of a model of human mind that can support the behavioral conception of strategic agency advocated and proposes a unified model of the human mind that centers on associative processes.
Effect of Topical Mitomycin C on Glaucoma Filtration Surgery in Monkeys

In this study, an experimental model of glaucoma filtration surgery was used to evaluate the clinical and histologic effects of a single intraoperative topical application of mitomycin C. Argon laser treatment to the trabecular meshwork produced sustained elevation of intraocular pressure in monkeys. Eight eyes of four animals were randomly assigned to receive topical mitomycin C or balanced salt solution at the time of fullthickness sclerostomy. Surgical success was substantially increased in four of five eyes that received mitomycin C when compared with three eyes that received topical balanced salt solution. Mitomycin C was also effective in prolonging surgical success in two eyes that had previously undergone surgery and failed. No significant ocular toxicity was observed in eyes treated with mitomycin C. Histologic examination of mitomycin Ctreated eyes showed patent sclerostomies and hypocellular, well-formed bleb cavities. A single intraoperative application of mitomycin C has a marked effect on postoperative wound healing after filtration surgery in monkeys.
Linking urban form, land cover pattern, and hydrologic flow regime in the Puget Sound Lowland

The mismatch between political and watershed boundaries, jurisdictional differences in urban form, and data availability can limit the utility of past research findings that relate measures of urban development to urban stream function. This research complements existing research by building a quantitative link between urban form, land cover pattern, and the resulting hydrologic flow regime. Five land cover pattern measurements responded to urban form and were found to be resistant to the influence of watershed size and shape. Lot coverage had the strongest association with hydrological metrics measuring flashiness. The land cover metrics associated with hydrologic impacts were the interspersion and juxtaposition index for grass, aggregation index of high urban, and percent forest cover.
Quantitative analysis of C4Ab and C4Bb binding to the C3b/C4b receptor (CR1, CD35)

Complement-dependent clearance of immune complexes in humans is dependent on the activation and binding of the early components of the classical complement cascade. This prevents immune complex precipitation and promotes binding of the complexes by the C4b/C3b complement receptor CR1 (CD35) found on erythrocytes. The fourth component of human complement is encoded by two closely linked genes within the MHC. These genes give rise to the isotypic forms C4A and C4B, and recent studies suggest that CR1 binds activated C4A (C4Ab) to a greater extent than activated C4B (C4Bb). To study this difference in a more quantitative way the binding reactions between CR1 and C4Ab- and C4Bb-coated immune complexes and between CR1 and soluble dimers of C4Ab (C4Ab2) and C4Bb (C4Bb2) were analysed using the native receptor on human erythrocytes. The binding reaction between immune complexes with equivalent amounts of covalently bound C4Ab or C4Bb and erythrocyte CR1 showed a two-fold higher binding of complexes coated with C4A. Furthermore, erythrocyte CR1 bound C4Ab2 with an apparent four-fold higher affinity (Kd approximately 1.4 x 10(-7) M) than C4Bb2 (Kd approximately 4.8 x 10(-7) M), indicating a preferential binding of CR1 for C4A.
Control of membrane fusion by phospholid head groups I. Phosphatidate/phosphatidylinositol specificity

Abstract We have studied the characteristics of fusion of large unilamellar vesicles composed of phosphatidate and phosphatidylinositol alone and in mixtures with other naturally occurring phospholipids. Fusion was induced by the addition of Ca2+ or Mg2+ and was monitored by detecting the mixing of aqueous vesicle contents. Release of vesicle contents was measured by dequenching of carboxyfluorescein fluorescence. Aggregation was monitored by 90° light scattering. The results indicated striking differences with respect to the fusion capacity of the different vesicles. Phosphatidate vesicles fuse in the presence of both Ca2+ and Mg2+ at threshold concentration ranges of 0.03–0.1 mM (Ca2+) and 0.07–0.15 mM (Mg2+) depending on the pH of the medium, 8.5-6.0, respectively. In contrast, phosphatidylinositol vesicles do not fuse with either Ca2+ or Mg2+ even at 50 mM concentrations, in spite of aggregation induced by both cations in the range of 5–10 mM. A large difference in terms of fusion capacity is retained even when these two phospholipids are mixed with phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine in 2 : 2 : 4 : 2 molar ratios. The results are discussed in terms of the molecular mechanism of membrane fusion and the possible role of the metabolic interconversion of phosphatidylinositol to phosphatidate as an on-off control system for membrane fusion phenomena involved in secretion.
Designing Active and Stable Silicon Photocathodes for Solar Hydrogen Production Using Molybdenum Sulfide Nanomaterials

Silicon is a promising photocathode for tandem photoelectrochemical water splitting devices, but efficient catalysis and long term stability remain key challenges. Here, it is demonstrated that with appropriately engineered interfaces, molybdenum sulfide nanomaterials can provide both corrosion protection and catalytic activity in silicon photocathodes. Using a thin MoS2 surface protecting layer, MoS2-n+p Si electrodes that show no loss in performance after 100 h of operation are created. Transmission electron microscopy measurements show the atomic structure of the device surface and reveal the characteristics of the MoS2 layer that provide both catalytic activity and excellent stability. In spite of a low concentration of exposed catalytically active sites, these electrodes possess the best performance of any precious metal-free silicon photocathodes with demonstrated long term stability to date. To further improve efficiency, a second molybdenum sulfide nanomaterial, highly catalytically active [Mo3S13]2− clusters, is incorporated. These photocathodes offer a promising pathway towards sustainable hydrogen production.
Demo: Glimpse -- Continuous, Real-Time Object Recognition on Mobile Devices

Glimpse is a continuous, real-time object recognition system for camera-equipped mobile devices. Glimpse captures full-motion video, locates objects of interest, recognizes and labels them, and tracks them from frame to frame for the user. Because the algorithms for object recognition entail significant computation, Glimpse runs them on server machines. When the latency between the server and mobile device is higher than a frame-time, this approach lowers object recognition accuracy. To regain accuracy, Glimpse uses an active cache of video frames on the mobile device. A subset of the frames in the active cache are used to track objects on the mobile, using (stale) hints about objects that arrive from the server from time to time. To reduce network bandwidth usage, Glimpse computes trigger frames to send to the server for recognizing and labeling. Experiments with Android smartphones and Google Glass over Verizon, ATT without Glimpse, continuous detection is non-functional (0.2%-1.9% precision).
Functional abnormalities associated with T lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Abstract Purified populations of T and B cells were obtained from individuals with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) by the use of anti-F(ab′) 2 affinity column chromatography techniques in which twice the amount of column material used for normal separations was used for the separation of Ig − and Ig + cells from CLL patients. Furthermore, the flow rate was reduced in order to decrease the possibility that some B cells from CLL patients, containing a low density of surface Ig, would pass through without binding to the coupled Sephadex G-200. Examination of surface Ig, P23,30 antigens, and T-cell antigens in the separated populations indicated that both the Ig − and Ig + populations were highly enriched. These T cells were also tested for their response to mitogenic stimulation as well as their ability to cooperate with leukemic B cells, normal B cells, or B cells from a transformed B-cell line. T cells from leukemic patients were found to be significantly deficient in both the response to mitogens and ability to cooperate with B cells in the synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulin.
A transaction data study of weekly and intradaily patterns in stock returns

Abstract Weekly and intradaily patterns in common stock prices are examined using transaction data. For large firms, negative Monday close-to-close returns accrue between the Friday close and the Monday open; for smaller firms they accrue primarily during the Monday trading day. For all firms, significant weekday differences in intraday returns accrue during the first 45 minutes after the market opens. On Monday mornings, prices drop, while on the other weekday mornings, they rise. Otherwise the pattern of intraday returns is similar on all weekdays. Most notable is an increase in prices on the last trade of the day.
Surface-scanning mutational analysis of protein arginine methyltransferase 1: roles of specific amino acids in methyltransferase substrate specificity, oligomerization, and coactivator function

Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is an arginine-specific protein methyltransferase that methylates a number of proteins involved in transcription and other aspects of RNA metabolism. Its role as a transcriptional coactivator for nuclear receptors involves its ability to bind to other coactivators, such as glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1), as well as its ability to methylate histone H4 and coactivators such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha. Its ability to form homodimers or higher-order homo-oligomers also is important for its methyltransferase activity. To understand the function of PRMT1 further, 19 surface residues were mutated, based on the crystal structure of PRMT1. Mutants were characterized for their ability to bind and methylate various substrates, form homodimers, bind GRIP1, and function as a coactivator for the androgen receptor in cooperation with GRIP1. We identified specific surface residues that are important for methylation substrate specificity and binding of substrates, for dimerization/oligomerization, and for coactivator function. This analysis also revealed functional relationships between the various activities of PRMT1. Mutants that did not dimerize well had poor methyltransferase activity and coactivator function. However, surprisingly, all dimerization mutants exhibited increased GRIP1 binding, suggesting that the essential PRMT1 coactivator function of binding to GRIP1 may require dissociation of PRMT1 dimers or oligomers. Three different mutants with altered substrate specificity had widely varying coactivator activity levels, suggesting that methylation of specific substrates is important for coactivator function. Finally, identification of several mutants that exhibited reduced coactivator function but appeared normal in all other activities tested, and finding one mutant with very little methyltransferase activity but normal coactivator function, suggested that these mutated surface residues may be involved in currently unknown protein-protein interactions that are important for coactivator function.
The micromilling process for high aspect ratio microstructures

High aspect ratio microstructures are currently created by several processes which include lithography (X-ray, deep ultraviolet, etc.) and mechanical machining (diamond machining, microdrilling, etc.). The lithographic processes require more extensive processing equipment such as an energy source, mask/mask holder/mask aligner, photoresist and substrate, and chemical development capacity. In addition, these processes are serial in nature and each adds to the tolerances of the finished structure. The current mechanical processes provide for the direct removal of the substrate material in a single step but are more limited in the geometric patterns which can be created. In conventional machining, the process which provides the most versatility in geometric patterns is milling. The micromilling process has two basic components. The first is the fabrication of small milling cutters with very sharp cutting edges. The second is the actual removal of the workpiece material with a very precise and repeatable machine tool. Several basic cutter designs have been fabricated using focused ion beam micromachining and are undergoing testing. The cutter diameters are nominally 100 micrometers and 22 micrometers. Results have been obtained which show that this process can be very effective for the rapid fabrication of molds and mask structures.
Environmentalism with Chinese Characteristics? Urban River Revitalization in Foshan

Human settlements have long been located on rivers, and the relationship of the place to the river functions as a deep reflection of its historical, cultural, and socio-economic traditions. This paper explores urban river revitalization in contemporary China, focusing particularly on ongoing efforts to clean up Foshan's polluted Fenjiang River. The research shows that the traditional cultural status of the waterway, which is known as the “Mother River” of Foshan, plays a paradoxically pivotal role in the project to modernize it. Interacting in complex ways with domestic and international political concerns, and popular media and internet technologies, the cultural status of the river has helped to determine both the type of environmental movement that has emerged in its defence, and the community of interests that serves as a proxy for civil society in that movement. Ultimately, this paper argues that the unique configuration of institutions and actors engaged in the Fenjiang River restoration project are...
Ca2+ and calmodulin initiate all forms of endocytosis during depolarization at a nerve terminal

Although endocytosis maintains synaptic transmission, how endocytosis is initiated is unclear. We found that calcium influx initiated all forms of endocytosis at a single nerve terminal in rodents, including clathrin-dependent slow endocytosis, bulk endocytosis, rapid endocytosis and endocytosis overshoot (excess endocytosis), with each being evoked with a correspondingly higher calcium threshold. As calcium influx increased, endocytosis gradually switched from very slow endocytosis to slow endocytosis to bulk endocytosis to rapid endocytosis and to endocytosis overshoot. The calcium-induced endocytosis rate increase was a result of the speeding up of membrane invagination and fission. Pharmacological experiments suggested that the calcium sensor mediating these forms of endocytosis is calmodulin. In addition to its role in recycling vesicles, calcium/calmodulin-initiated endocytosis facilitated vesicle mobilization to the readily releasable pool, probably by clearing fused vesicle membrane at release sites. Our findings provide a unifying mechanism for the initiation of various forms of endocytosis that are critical in maintaining exocytosis.
Separation and identification of dipeptides by paper and column chromatography

Dipeptides separation and identification by column and paper chromatography for elution times prediction and sequence studies
The IBM magnetic drum calculator type 650 engineering and design considerations

This paper covers the engineering principles and design considerations given to the components that are used in the International Business Machines Corporation's Type 650 Calculator. The factors that led to the selection of the particular systems and components are discussed, rather than the way and manner in which the calculator functions.