cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen in the detergent fibre fractions of temperate legumes and grasses

Data are few on concentrations of nitrogen (N) in the cell wall and lignocellulose (neutral- and acid-detergent fibre (NDF and ADF), respectively) of herbage. Herbage N can be partitioned into neutral- and acid-detergent soluble and insoluble N to crudely estimate rapidly degradable (N soluble in neutral detergent), slowly degradable (neutral-detergent fibre N (NDFN) minus acid-detergent fibre N (ADFN), herein termed available fibre N (AFN)), and indigestible N (ADFN) in the rumen. Our objective was to examine the effects of herbage species, maturity stage, and plant part on N in the NDF and ADF of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), and smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.). Herbage was harvested at four 2-week intervals during spring of 1984 and 1985. Leaves, stems and total herbage were analysed for total N, and N in NDF and ADF. Concentrations of N in ADF in leaves, stems, and total herbage of lucerne and clover were twice that of grass ADF. This may be due to greater lignin concentrations generally reported in legumes. Concentrations of NDFN in leaves of lucerne, clover, timothy, and bromegrass were 9–8, 26.4, 8.6, and 6.4 g kg−1 of NDF, respectively, averaged over harvests and years, whereas stem concentrations were 4.2, 4.6, 32, and 2.4 g kg−1 of NDF, respectively. Leaf concentrations of ADFN in lucerne, clover, timothy, and bromegrass were 4.6, 5.3, 20, and 1.6 g kg−1 of ADF, respectively, averaged over harvests and years, whereas stem concentrations were 3.4, 33, 14, and 14 g kg-’of ADF, respectively. As a proportion of the total N, NDFN and ADFN increased with plant maturity in leaves, stems, and herbage. In stems, 49% of NDFN was ADFN, whereas in leaves only 21% of the NDFN was ADFN. The larger portion of ADFN in stems probably reflects the larger proportion of lignified xylem and other structural tissues, which have a greater proportion of lignified secondary cell walls, whereas the greater proportion of NDFN in leaves may mirror the greater amount of mesophyll cells with primary cell walls. More than 80% of the total N in leaves, stems, and herbage was in the cell solubles, which may be rapidly ruminally degradable.
Medial arterial calcification mimicking temporal arteritis

Medial arterial calcification, which has been increasingly recognized in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, has been associated with acutely symptomatic vascular complications including calcific uremic arteriolopathy (calciphylaxis) and ischemic changes in the extremities. This report describes a 50-year-old ESRD patient on maintenance hemodialysis in whom medial arterial calcification developed with features mimicking the findings of temporal arteritis. He complained of persistent bilateral temporal area headaches with associated symptoms of blurred vision; pain in his shoulders, hips, and knees; and intermittent symptoms consistent with jaw claudication. He was not receiving calcium or vitamin D supplements. Superficial temporal arteries were dilated, tortuous, nodular, and tender to palpation. Ophthalmologic examination was unremarkable, except for the presence of peripapillary atrophy. Temporal artery biopsy results showed medial arterial calcification with mild inflammatory changes. No giant cells were identified. Additional long-term complications of medial arterial calcification have included the development of painful ischemic ulceration of the glans penis and extensive mitral annulus calcification detected by echocardiography. The findings in this patient show that clinical manifestations of medial artery calcification associated with ESRD can mimic those seen with other vascular diseases.
Does Out of Sight Mean Out of Mind? An Empirical Investigation of the Career Advancement Prospects of Telecommuters

The fear that telecommuting will have a negative impact on career advancement prospects has been a barrier to telecommuting acceptance. This study sought to examine whether professionals who telecommute on a part-time basis did indeed experience less advancement prospects than their non-telecommuting peers did. The results indicate that this fear is unfounded. Telecommuting did not have a direct effect on career advancement prospects or an indirect effect through job performance evaluations. Additionally, the level of telecommuting participation did not have an impact on career advancement. Employees who telecommuted more frequently did not experience significantly different job performance evaluations or career advancement prospects than those who telecommuted less. The paper concludes with the limitations of this study and directions for future research.
STM differential conductance of a disordered extreme type-II superconductor at high magnetic fields

We calculate the tunneling conductance between a scanning tunneling microscope tip and the surface of an extreme type-II superconductor in a high magnetic field and at zero temperature. In a clean system, and with electrons tunneling only along vortex lines, we find that the spatially averaged differential conductance $\ensuremath{\sigma}(V)$ has a V-shape dependence on the bias voltage $V$, reflecting the presence of gapless points and near gapless regions in the quasiparticle excitation spectrum of a superconductor in high magnetic fields. Within a $T$-matrix approximation for a homogeneous superconductor, we investigate the influence of nonmagnetic impurities on the differential conductance. We find that in the presence of disorder the differential conductance becomes finite at zero bias and develops a nonlinear dependence on the bias voltage. We apply our theory to calculate the differential conductance $\ensuremath{\sigma}(V)$ of the superconductor ${\text{LuNi}}_{2}{\text{B}}_{2}\text{C}$ in the mixed state.
Addition formulae for field-valued continuous functions on topological groups

on U x V, where F i s a Z-rational function from X x Yto Z. In the case where f = O= 95, or more precisely, where there is an open subset S of G containing U, V, and UV, and a Z-valued continuous function g whose restriction to U is 0, to V is 95, and to UV is f , we say that g has an autoaddit ion formula. Our main result relates each g-valued function having an addition formula of our type to a function having an autoaddition formula. More precisely, let f be any ~valued function having an addit ion formula on an open rectangular neighborhood of (e, e) in G x G. Then there is an affine algebraic variety Z over ~t, a Z-valued function g having an autoaddition formula on an open rectangular neighborhood of (e, e) in G x G, and a £-polynomial P on Z such t h a t f = g o P on some neighborhood of e in G.
Reducing Energy at the Minimum Energy Operating Point Via Statistical Error Compensation

This paper demonstrates that statistical error compensation reduces the energy consumption $E_{\min}$ at the minimum energy operating point (MEOP), which is known to occur in the subthreshold regime. In particular, the impact of algorithmic noise-tolerance (ANT) [1] , in conjunction with frequency overscaling (FOS) and voltage overscaling, is studied in the context of an eight-tap finite impulse response (FIR) filter in a 45-nm CMOS process. At the nominal process corner and using low- $V_{\rm t}$ devices, we show that the ANT-based FIR filter achieves 20%–47% reduction in $E_{\min}$ and a $1.8\times$ – $2.25\times$ increase in the frequency of operation over a conventional (error free) filter operating at its MEOP. This result is achieved via the ability of ANT to compensate for a precompensation error rate of 70%–85%. The use of high- $V_{\rm t}$ devices reduces $E_{\min}$ by 10%. This is due to the reduced effectiveness of FOS and increased sensitivity of delay to voltage variations. In the presence of process variations, the ANT-based FIR filter reduces $E_{\min}$ by 54% over a transistor up-sized design while meeting a fixed throughput constraint, and a parametric yield of 99.7%.
Effect of the Interaction of Parathyroid Hormone and Cyclosporine A on Bone Mineral Metabolism in the Rat

Cyclosporine A (CsA) induces high turnover osteopenia in the rat and there is evidence for this in humans. Recent studies suggest that increases in parathyroid hormone (PTH) may be involved in posttransplantation bone loss. However, human studies are difficult to interpret since transplant patients usually receive a cocktail of immunosuppressants and have underlying disease. Our aim was to try to resolve the influence of the absence or presence of PTH on CsA-induced bone disease. Male Sprague Dawley rats aged 7-9 months, either sham operated or parathyroidectomized (PTX), were randomly divided into vehicle and CsA groups. All PTX rats were given oral calcium supplementation ad libitum. The rats were divided into groups: basal, sham/vehicle, sham/CsA, PTX/vehicle, and PTX/CsA. Serial biochemistry was performed 0, 14, and 28 days after the start of the experimental period; bone histomorphometry was performed 28 days after the start of the experimental period. Statistical analysis consisted of group comparisons and factorial analyses. The results showed that CsA alone produced a high turnover osteopenia consistent with previous studies. In the PTX animals there was an increase in bone mass. PTX also decreased osteoblast activity and recruitment, and serum 1,25OH2D levels. Serum levels of osteocalcin (BGP) were unaffected by PTX. The combination group (PTX/CsA) did not differ statistically from the controls in most of the histomorphometric parameters measured, with the exception of reduced mineral apposition and bone formation rates, reflecting the effects of PTX. Serum BGP and 1,25OH2D levels did not differ, but PTH was reduced from the control. Explanations for these results are (1) CsA and PTX exert their effects via separate mechanisms, negating each other; (2) in the absence of PTH, CsA managed to cause bone loss, and thus PTH may not be essential for CsA-induced bone loss; or (3) the profound accelerated bone loss produced by CsA in normal rats requires PTH. These findings may help explain the discrepancies found in clinical studies where bone loss occurs with either elevated or normal PTH levels.
Simple Nuclear Reactions of Indium with 30- and 2.9-GeV Protons

Cross sections have been measured for the following reactions of indium with 30- and 2.9-GeV protons: ($p, {p}^{\ensuremath{'}}$), ($p$, $p{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$), and ($p, \mathrm{pxn}$) ($x=1, 2, 4\ensuremath{-}6$). The cross sections were measured as a function of target thickness and the results corrected for production by secondaries. The cross sections for the ($p$, $p{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$) reaction are 0.12 and 0.18 mb at 30 and 2.9 GeV, respectively. For each of the other reactions the cross section at 30 GeV is approximately the same as that at 2.9 GeV. Upper limits of 6 and 0.3 \ensuremath{\mu}b were obtained for the ($p$, $p2{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$) reaction cross section at 2.9 and 30 GeV, respectively. The cross sections for the ($p$, $p{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$) reaction are in agreement with theoretical estimates.
Cigarette, alcohol and other drug use among small city pregnant adolescents

Abstract Purpose: To determine the prevalence of cigarette, alcohol and other drug use and associated factors of use among predominantly Caucasian small-city pregnant adolescents, a little-studied population. Methods: At the initial prenatal visit 117 enrouees completed a self-administered questionnaire. Patients provided urine samples for drug metabolites. Chart review determined medical provider documentation of substance use. Results: Thirty-five percent of patients were positive for alcohol or other drug use by questionnaire self-report, provider report or initial urine drug screening test. Thirteen percent of patients were positive for at least one drug metabolite in the urine. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated a model with four significant risk factors associated with pregnant adolescent alcohol and other drug use: lack of closeness with the father of the baby, neither parent in the home, patient experiencing consequences of alcohol and other drug use, and father of the baby experiencing consequences of alcohol and other drug use. Conclusions: The high prevalence of cigarette, alcohol and other drug use in this predominantly Caucasian sample was comparable to previous inner city data. Awareness of risk factors may improve identification and management of substance use among pregnant adolescents.
Partitioned solution of reduced–integrated finite element equations

Abstract This paper presents an algorithm for using reduced–integrated elements in structural modeling and analysis. A novel feature of the present algorithm is an element-by-element hourglass-mode projection instead of stabilization. The present algorithm is well suited to parallel computations and exploits the salient features of a recently developed direct flexibility method (DFM) that employs the substructural deformations as one of the primary variables. The total displacements are obtained as sum of the elemental deformations and rigid-body motions while hourglass modes are projected out employing only elemental hourglass modes. Thus, reduced integrated elements can be used for stress analysis without hourglass-mode stabilization when one employs the DFM. Examples illustrate the basic features of the present algorithm.
The preparation of high‐viscosity, partially hydrolyzed polymethacrylamides

Due to the high chain transfer to monomer, the homopolymerization of methacrylamide yields polymers of extremely low molecular weight. On partial alkaline hydrolysis, the viscosities of these polymers in aqueous solution are much inferior to those of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM). However, polymethacrylamides prepared by room temperature, persulfate-initiated polymerization in the presence of small amounts of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide demonstrate posthydrolysis reduced viscosities in 0.01% NaCl comparable to typical commercial HPAM materials.
"On les aura!": the gendered politics of abortion and the Alliance Nationale contre la Dépopulation, 1938-1944.

Abstract This article examines the centrality of the interwar period's leading natalist‐familialist group, the Alliance nationale contre la depopulation, in the creation of abortion policy during the Occupation. It asserts that the organisation did more than participate in the abortion debate between 1938 and 1944; through an intensive propaganda and legislative campaign, its leaders cultivated much of the public's and government's fixation on the issues. In doing so, the Alliance helped create the harsh abortion statutes included in the Daladier government's Family Code, laws that the Vichy regime intensified with the 300 Law of February 1942. In this instance, we can see how cultural and political debates about the roles of women in society played a key role in the State's attempt to limit French women's reproductive options. As a result, Vichy officials ultimately guillotined a woman who defied the law and traditional gender norms.
Lack of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 upregulates basal thermogenesis but causes hypothermia in a cold environment

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is a microsomal enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of oleate and palmitoleate. Mice with a targeted disruption of the SCD1 isoform (SCD1-/-) exhibit reduced adiposity and increased energy expenditure. To address whether the energy expenditure is attributable to increased thermogenesis, we investigated the effect of SCD1 deficiency on basal and cold-induced thermogenesis. SCD1-/- mice have increased expression of uncoupling proteins in brown adipose tissue (BAT) relative to controls. The beta3-adrenergic receptor (beta3-AR) expression was increased and the phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein and the protein level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha were increased in the SCD1-/- mice. Both lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation were increased in the SCD1-/- mice. When exposed to 4 degrees C, SCD1-/- mice showed hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and depleted liver glycogen. High levels of dietary oleate partially compensated for the hypothermia and rescued plasma glucose and liver glycogen. These results suggest that SCD1 deficiency stimulates basal thermogenesis through the upregulation of the beta3-AR-mediated pathway and a subsequent increase in lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in BAT. The hypothermia and hypoglycemia in cold-exposed SCD1-/- mice and the compensatory recovery by oleate indicate an important role of SCD1 gene expression in thermoregulation.
Phototherapeutic keratectomy with mitomycin C after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty

Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) has become a preferred treatment for patients with endothelial diseases, since it has many advantages over penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Severe stromal oedema and recurrent bullous keratopathy from endothelial dysfunction can cause subepithelial fibrosis (SEF)1 which can reduce optical performance after DSAEK. Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) may be considered as an adjunctive procedure in these patients. Here, we report our first two consecutive cases of DSAEK followed by PTK with mitomycin C (MMC) for the treatment of endothelial diseases with SEF. ### Case 1 The right …
β1 integrin regulates Arg to promote invadopodial maturation and matrix degradation

β1 integrin has been shown to promote metastasis in a number of tumor models, including breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and skin cancer; however, the mechanism by which it does so is poorly understood. Invasive membrane protrusions called invadopodia are believed to facilitate extracellular matrix degradation and intravasation during metastasis. Previous work showed that β1 integrin localizes to invadopodia, but its role in regulating invadopodial function has not been well characterized. We find that β1 integrin is required for the formation of mature, degradation-competent invadopodia in both two- and three-dimensional matrices but is dispensable for invadopodium precursor formation in metastatic human breast cancer cells. β1 integrin is activated during invadopodium precursor maturation, and forced β1 integrin activation enhances the rate of invadopodial matrix proteolysis. Furthermore, β1 integrin interacts with the tyrosine kinase Arg and stimulates Arg-dependent phosphorylation of cortactin on tyrosine 421. Silencing β1 integrin with small interfering RNA completely abrogates Arg-dependent cortactin phosphorylation and cofilin-dependent barbed-end formation at invadopodia, leading to a significant decrease in the number and stability of mature invadopodia. These results describe a fundamental role for β1 integrin in controlling actin polymerization–dependent invadopodial maturation and matrix degradation in metastatic tumor cells.
Your Mayor, Your ‘Friend’: Public Officials, Social Networking, and the Unmapped New Public Square

The use of online social networks by local public officials has drawn the ire of local governments, some of whom have gone so far as to bar public officials from social networks for fear of violating campaign finance, open meeting, freedom of information, and government ethics laws. These objections overlook the unique nature of civic social networks as an emerging political institution, characterized by a high degree of transparency and intense public pressure for accountability. The nature of this new institution renders the alarmist reaction overblown. Civic social networks are the new public square, and local governments should embrace them as consistent with the goals of open government and ethics laws.This Article seeks to describe this emerging institutional environment, and by doing so help change the ways that policymakers apply open government and ethics rules to civic social networks. Part One identifies the ways local public officials and their constituents are using social networks. Part Two discusses the attempts by some local governments to eliminate or limit that use. Part Three uses public choice theory and rational choice institutionalism to assess the tools and behaviors that have given us the emerging institution of civic social networks – an institution characterized by high demand for transparency and accountability. Part Four argues that the nature of the institution described in Part Three demonstrates that the threatened enforcement of open government and ethics laws would have a perverse effect – reducing transparency and accountability, while exposing public officials to greater moral hazard. The Article concludes with recommendations for open government and ethics statutes (or the enforcement thereof) that would allow officials to engage their constituents in the new public square of civic social networks.
Identification of Mycobacterium Species by secA1 Sequences

We describe a novel molecular method for the differentiation and identification of 29 mycobacterial species. The target is the secA1 gene that codes for the essential protein SecA1, a key component of the major pathway of protein secretion across the cytoplasmic membrane. A 700-bp region of the secA1 gene was amplified and sequenced from 47 American Type Culture Collection strains of 29 Mycobacterium species as well as from 59 clinical isolates. Sequence variability in the amplified segment of the secA1 gene allowed the differentiation of all species except for the members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex, which had identical sequences. A range of 83.3 to 100% interspecies similarity was observed. All species could also be differentiated by their amino acid sequences as deduced from the sequenced region of the secA1 gene, with the exception of the MTB complex. Partial sequences of secA1 from clinical isolates belonging to nine frequently isolated species of mycobacteria revealed a very high intraspecies similarity at the DNA level (typically >99%; range, 96.0 to 100%); all clinical isolates were correctly identified. Comparison of the deduced 233-amino-acid sequences among clinical isolates of the same species showed between 99.6 and 100% similarity. To our knowledge, this is the first time a secretion-related gene has been used for the identification of the species within a bacterial genus.
Familiarization, attention, and recognition memory in infancy: an event-related potential and cortical source localization study.

This study investigated the effects of familiarization and attention on event-related potential (ERP) correlates of recognition memory in infants. Infants 4.5, 6, or 7.5 months of age were either familiarized with 2 stimuli that were used during later testing or presented 2 stimuli that were not used later. Then, infants were presented with a recording of Sesame Street to elicit attention or inattention and presented with familiar and novel stimuli. A negative ERP component over the frontal and central electrodes (Nc) was larger in the preexposure familiarization group for novel- than for familiar-stimulus presentations, whereas the Nc did not differ for the group not receiving a familiarization exposure. Spatial independent components analysis of the electroencephelogram and “equivalent current dipole” analysis were used to examine putative cortical sources of the ERP components. The cortical source of Nc was located in areas of prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex. Visual attention and recognition memory in infants are closely related. For example, infants demonstrate greater memory for events they were exposed to while in an attentive state than for events they were exposed to in an inattentive state (Frick & Richards, 2001; Richards, 1997). Events that have been partially encoded into memory or events that are novel elicit larger attention responses than those events that have been fully encoded (Bornstein, 1985; Fantz, 1961, 1963). Infants show larger orienting responses to novel events than to those events that are familiar to them. Studies examining visual attention and recognition memory simultaneously can provide insight into the overall cognitive activity involved in an organism’s adaptive responses to environmental information. The present study shows that attention-elicited event-related potential (ERP) responses differ as a function of the infant’s familiarity with the stimuli and suggests that these effects are mediated by the prefrontal cortex of the brain.
A Stochastic Characterization of a Fault-Tolerant Gossip Algorithm

Gossiping is a popular technique for probabilistic reliable multicast (or broadcast), whose service is often needed in reliable distributed computing and systems. However, existing analytic studies of gossip schemes are often based on ideas borrowed from epidemic models, and thus inherit some features that may not be appropriate for the setting of gossiping. Specifically, in epidemic spreading, an infected node typically intends to spread the infection an unbounded number of times (or rounds); whereas in gossiping, an infected node (i.e., a node having received the message in question) may prefer to gossip the message a bounded number of times. Motivated by this, we intend to understand the behavior of a simple abstraction and algorithm for a popular class of fault-tolerant gossip schemes.
Specificity and prognostic validation of a polyclonal antibody to detect Six1 homeoprotein in ovarian cancer.

Objective The presence of Six1 mRNA gene portends a poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. We describe validation of a Six1 specific antibody and evaluate its association with tumorigenicity and prognosis in ovarian cancer.
Incentive provision and coordination as market functions

The market has both a coordination function and an incentive function. The first theorem of welfare economics is all about coordination; the principal-agent model is all about incentives. What is the relative importance of the market in carrying out these two functions? While there has been a shift in economic theory in the past thirty years from emphasizing the coordination role to emphasizing the incentive role, it is not clear whether this reflects a new and deeper understanding of the market. Understanding the market's functions, in real economies, may be key for understanding the degree to which redistribution in them is feasible.
Educación en matemática y procesos metacognitivos en el aprendizaje

Este reflexion esta centrada en hacer un analisis y algunas proyecciones que tiene un enfoque metacognitivo, colocando enfasis en los procesos internos del sujeto que aprende, destacando el papel activo – participativo y responsable del mismo en su propio proceso de aprendizaje, particularmente en el area denominada como “Educacion Matematica”. La perspectiva cognitiva estudia las operaciones, procesos o estrategias que realiza el sujeto cuando aprende, es decir, cuando adquiere, organiza, elabora y recupera conocimientos, mirado desde una perspectiva de la informacion. La metacognicion es entendida como un componente del sistema ejecutivo de la inteligencia: nos referiremos al conocimiento introspectivo sobre el estado de cognicion y su operacion (1), la conciencia de lo que uno sabe sobre la manera de como lo sabe. Es por ello que la funcion de la metacognicion es dar forma y regular las rutinas y estrategias cognitivas. El estado del arte de la interrelacion entre metacognicion y ensenanza se ha dividido en tres partes. La primera tiene que ver con una revision sobre el concepto de metacognicion en terminos generales, y particularmente en Educacion Matematica, incluyendo los dominios, los campos de investigacion actuales y los referentes conceptuales que fundamentan, hoy por hoy, la investigacion metacognitiva (2). La segunda presenta los aportes de la investigacion metacognitiva, tanto en la ensenanza con escolares del sistema educativo, como en la formacion inicial del profesorado (3). En cuanto a la tercera parte, en ella se presenta lo realizado en el campo de la lectura comprensiva y en el desarrollo de las competencias en la resolucion de problemas matematicos y la metacognicion
La ética médica a comienzos del siglo XX: “La montaña mágica” de Thomas Mann

Bioethics has deeply transformed medical ethics, appealing to other principles and practices. The present work tries to understand traditional western medical ethics by recurring to its description in artistic narrative, because this descri- bes with special quality and rigor the way it was understood and practiced before the bioethics turn. The work of Thomas Mann “The magic mountain” was chosen because, besides its intrinsic value, its point of view clears other moral foundations which could have been mal interpreted, disqualified or lost in the last years. Thus, the ethics of goodness predominated over the ethics of duty, the good life over obligation, self esteem over respect for the other, maximum achieved over minimum required. he acid critiques expressed by the omniscient narrator insinuate that this way of understanding moral behavior in medicine needs to complement other ethical views.
18F-FDOPA PET/MRI fusion in patients with primary/recurrent gliomas: initial experience.

Background and purpose: 18 F-FDOPA PET demonstrates higher sensitivity and specificity for gliomas than traditional [ 18 F] FDG PET imaging. However, PET provides limited anatomic localization. The purpose of this study was to determine whether 18 F-FDOPA PET/MRI fusion can provide precise anatomic localization of abnormal tracer uptake and how this activity corresponds to MR signal abnormality. Methods: Two groups of patients were analyzed. Group I consisted of 21 patients who underwent 18 F-FDOPA PET and MRI followed by craniotomy for tumor resection. Group II consisted of 70 patients with a pathological diagnosis of glioma that had 18 F-FDOPA PET and MRI but lacked additional pathologic follow-up. Fused 18 F-FDOPA PET and MRI images were analyzed for concordance and correlated with histopathologic data. Results: Fusion technology facilitated precise anatomical localization of 18 F-FDOPA activity. In group I, all 21 cases showed pathology-confirmed tumor. Of these, 18 F-FDOPA scans were positive in 9/10 (90%) previously unresected tumors, and 11/11 (100%) of recurrent tumors. Of the 70 patients in group II, concordance between MRI and 18 F-FDOPA was found in 49/54 (90.1%) of patients with sufficient follow-up; in the remaining 16 patients concordance could not be determined due to lack of follow-up. 18 F-FDOPA labeling was comparable in both high- and low-grade gliomas and identified both enhancing and non-enhancing tumor equally well. In some cases, 18 F-FDOPA activity preceded tumor detection on MRI. Conclusion: 18 F-FDOPA PET/MRI fusion provides precise anatomic localization of tracer uptake and labels enhancing and non-enhancing tumor well. In a small minority of cases, 18 F-FDOPA activity may identify tumor not visible on MRI.
Feasibility of Using a Computer Modeling Approach to Study SUI Induced by Landing a Jump

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) occurs due to anatomic and/or neurologic factors involving connective tissues, muscles and nerves. Although SUI is more common in post-menopausal and multiparous women, studies have also shown a high prevalence of SUI in young, physically fit female athletes. With a goal toward dynamic subject-specific mechanical characterization of the interaction between anatomical structures during physical activities that elicit SUI in females during physical or daily activities, a computer aided design (CAD)-based computer model of the female pelvis has been developed to test the feasibility of the computer modeling approach in understanding the measurable differences between stress-continent and stress-incontinent women. In the present study, a fluid-structure interaction analysis was conducted by using the finite element (FE) analysis technique based on the CAD-based computer model of the female pelvis to investigate the urine leakage in females during jumping. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of a fluid-structure interaction FE analysis approach in understanding the mechanisms of SUI in females. Through a series of computer simulations, the effects of varying impact forces determined by jumping height and bladder volume were investigated. The dynamic computer simulation results revealed that jumping heights have a significant influence on the volume of urine leakage caused by the landing impact of jumping. Bladder volume did not have a significant influence on leakage when the jumping heights were smaller than 1 ft, which indicates that normal walking (corresponds to a jumping height smaller than 0.1 ft) is not the primary cause of urine leakage for healthy females. The computer simulation results also showed that the deformation difference between the anterior and posterior portion of the female pelvis causes opening of the urethra and resultant urine leakage. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of using a computer modeling approach to study female SUI during physical and daily activities.
A pattern language for release and deployment management

A release is a collection of authorized software changes that include new functionality, changed functionality, or both, that are introduced into the production environment. Agile software development results in many small releases delivered as needed, as opposed to big-bang releases that deploy large amounts of functionality at regularly determined intervals. Agile software development without a detailed standard process model encompassing the overall release management activity can result in an emergent release schedule (which is almost as bad as not having one), potential bottlenecks for resources, and problems handling genuine emergency releases. Changes to software systems must occur in a disciplined and controlled way. Otherwise lack of control over the delivered changes will lead to deteriorated system quality. Change Management is often in conflict with Agile in that Change Management requires a big, heavy, schedule, dates, content, and deployment resources specified well in advance. This is a major attraction of big-bang releases; that their deployments seem to be easier to manage. In a fast changing Agile environment the survival of the software organization may be affected. There is no reason to abandon Agile development for the sake of a disciplined and controlled release process. Our proposed pattern language captures the expertise necessary to create an orderly, well thought out, end-to-end release management process that should help deliver software releases in a disciplined and controlled way within an Agile development environment.
Aryl bromide/triflate selectivities reveal mechanistic divergence in palladium-catalysed couplings; the Suzuki–Miyaura anomaly

In palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions, the outcome of competition between aryl bromides and aryl triflates depends on the nucleophilic partner; Suzuki couplings with R–B generally follow a different pattern from other R–M species.
Beyond Natural Numbers: Negative Number Representation in Parietal Cortex

Unlike natural numbers, negative numbers do not have natural physical referents. How does the brain represent such abstract mathematical concepts? Two competing hypotheses regarding representational systems for negative numbers are a rule-based model, in which symbolic rules are applied to negative numbers to translate them into positive numbers when assessing magnitudes, and an expanded magnitude model, in which negative numbers have a distinct magnitude representation. Using an event-related fMRI design, we examined brain responses in 22 adults while they performed magnitude comparisons of negative and positive numbers that were quantitatively near (difference 6). Reaction times for negative numbers were slower than positive numbers, and both showed a distance effect whereby near pairs took longer to compare. A network of parietal, frontal, and occipital regions were differentially engaged by negative numbers. Specifically, compared to positive numbers, negative number processing resulted in greater activation bilaterally in intraparietal sulcus (IPS), middle frontal gyrus, and inferior lateral occipital cortex. Representational similarity analysis revealed that neural responses in the IPS were more differentiated among positive numbers than among negative numbers, and greater differentiation among negative numbers was associated with faster reaction times. Our findings indicate that despite negative numbers engaging the IPS more strongly, the underlying neural representation are less distinct than that of positive numbers. We discuss our findings in the context of the two theoretical models of negative number processing and demonstrate how multivariate approaches can provide novel insights into abstract number representation.
Spontaneous diabetes mellitus in a rhesus monkey: Neurophysiological studies

Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of human diabetes, but its occurrence in spontaneously diabetic monkeys is unknown. Four months after developing diabetes, a 22-year-old female rhesus monkey had nerve conduction studies which were compared with control data obtained from 9 nondiabetic rhesus monkeys. In the diabetic monkey, median and ulnar sensory action potential amplitudes and the median motor distal latency differed from controls by more than two standard deviations. Conduction velocities in the diabetic monkey were less than the mean values in controls, although none were beyond two standard deviations of control means. These electrophysiologic abnormalities are similar to those described in human diabetes and suggest that the spontaneously diabetic monkey peripheral nervous system may be a suitable model of experimental diabetic neuropathy.
Bounds and Heuristics for Optimal Bayesian Inventory Control with Unobserved Lost Sales

In most retail environments, when inventory runs out, the unmet demand is lost and not observed. The sales data are effectively censored by the inventory level. Factoring this censored data effect into demand estimation and inventory control decision makes the problem difficult to solve. In this paper, we focus on developing bounds and heuristics for this problem. Specifically, we consider a finite-horizon inventory control problem for a nonperishable product with unobserved lost sales and a demand distribution having an unknown parameter. The parameter is estimated sequentially by the Bayesian updating method. We first derive a set of solution upper bounds that work for all prior and demand distributions. For a fairly general monotone likelihood-ratio distribution family, we derive relaxed but easily computable lower and upper bounds along an arbitrary sample path. We then propose two heuristics. The first heuristic is derived from the solution bound results. Computing this heuristic solution only requires the evaluation of the objective function in the observed lost-sales case. The second heuristic is based on the approximation of the first-order condition. We combine the first-order derivatives of the simpler observed lost-sales and perishable-inventory models to obtain the approximation. For the latter case, we obtain a recursive formula that simplifies the computation. Finally, we conduct an extensive numerical study to evaluate and compare the bounds and heuristics. The numerical results indicate that both heuristics perform very well. They outperform the myopic policies by a wide margin.
Oxidation of Biodiesel Fuels for Improved Lubricity

Diesel engine emissions are a source of environmental concern. The use of vegetable oil based fuels, called biodiesels, lowers particulate emissions due to the increased oxygen content of the fuel. This study aims to further increase the oxygen content of biodiesel by oxidizing the fuel, analyzing the resulting product, and determining if favorable lubricity qualities result. Oxidation is performed in a non-catalytic vapor phase reactor at temperatures between 300–400°C. The product is characterized using various analyses including sulfuric acid solubility, density, gas chromatography, bomb calorimetry, and lubricity. Optimum blend ratios of the oxidized fuels in a low sulfur diesel fuel to obtain maximum lubricity are determined.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
A heuristic approach to the computation of 3D-ray trajectories in step index optical fibers

Three-dimensional-ray trajectories in an optical fiber are derived using a simple correspondence principle. The ray trajectories are linked to the mode number of the exact waveguide solutions. The analysis and simulations presented are in terms of dimensionless parameters needed to characterize the optical fiber. Specifically, this includes the V-parameter, the core index of refraction, and the numerical aperture. The curves for allowed radial and azimuthal mode numbers are presented in terms of dimensions that are normalized by the core radius. The approach is extensible to graded-index fibers.
Midterm Results of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Dished Polyethylene Insert with a Recessed or Resected Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Use of a dished polyethylene insert in 114 total knee arthroplasties, all with the posterior cruciate ligament resected or recessed, was retrospectively studied. Patients were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 8.3 years. Mean range of motion increased from 92° to 111°. Mean Knee Society pain and function scores increased from 35.2 and 39.7 to 91.3 and 74.7, respectively. WOMAC scores improved significantly in each category evaluated, including pain, stiffness, and physical function. Kaplan-Meier survivorship was 95% at 10 years (95% confidence interval, 82%-99%). The use of a dished polyethylene insert in primary total knee arthroplasty provides good to excellent midterm results regardless of whether the posterior cruciate ligament is recessed or sacrificed.
Potential predictors of diaspora tourism for Ukrainian immigrants in the USA

Relocation challenges for immigrants in the USA include identity disruption, culture shock and social demotion – all precipitating psychological issues leading to depression, anxiety and alcoholism. Therapy and social support are well-documented remedies, yet leisure holds immense potential for alleviating these psychological issues as well. While scholars propose that one type of leisure, namely travel to the country of origin (i.e., diaspora tourism), may lead to positive effects, predictors of diaspora tourism engagement have been documented with varying success. One of the more overlooked groups is Ukrainians in the USA, especially first-generation recent immigrants. In this study, we draw on theories of self-construal, media use, context of exit and entry and destination image to explore factors motivating these immigrants to travel to their ethnic homeland. Findings suggest that self-construals of these immigrants challenge the results of existing research: older immigrants are less likely to travel...
Provenance of glacially transported material near Nimrod Glacier, East Antarctica: Implications for the ice-covered East Antarctic shield

A Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Minnesota by Devon Michele Brecke in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, May 2007.
An HMM-based multi-sensor approach for continuous mobile authentication

With the increased popularity of smart phones, there is a greater need to have a robust authentication mechanism that handles various security threats and privacy leakages effectively. This paper studies continuous authentication for touch interface based mobile devices. A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based behavioral template training approach is presented, which does not require training data from other subjects other than the owner of the mobile device and can get updated with new data over time. The gesture patterns of the user are modeled from multiple sensors - touch, accelerometer and gyroscope data using a continuous left-right HMM. The approach models the tap and stroke patterns of a user since these are the basic and most frequently used interactions on a mobile device. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method a new data set has been created from 42 users who interacted with off-the-shelf applications on their smart phones. Results show that the performance of the proposed approach is promising and potentially better than other state-of-the-art approaches.
Low temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy studies on sputter deposited CdS/CdTe junctions and solar cells

Device quality CdS/CdTe heterostructures and completed solar cells (∼12% efficient) have been studied using photoluminescence (PL) as a function of temperature and laser excitation power. The CdS/CdTe junctions were grown on transparent conducting oxide covered soda lime glass using radio frequency sputter deposition. In the current work we found that the PL spectra of sputtered and thermally evaporated CdTe absorber films share common features. It was found that the luminescence shifts from being dominated by sub-gap defect-mediated emission at lower excitation powers to near band edge excitonic emission at higher excitation powers. It was found that the presence of Cu suppresses the sub-band gap PL emissions. This effect was concluded to be due either to Cu occupying cadmium vacancies (VCd) or forming acceptor complexes with them. This points to a potential role of Cu in eliminating sub-band gap recombination routes and hence increasing the charge separation ability of the device.
Environmental Liability in European Private Law

The paper explores environmental liability in European law. One focus is on the European directive on liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental damage of 21 April 2004, another on the legal systems of the Member States. The paper covers compensation for harm caused to the environment as well as liability for harm suffered by individuals from their exposure to toxic substances in their environments.
Scaling of Adiabatic Effectiveness and Net Heat Flux Reduction From Near Ambient to Engine Temperatures

The present work computationally examines the scaling of a fan-shaped hole’s film-cooling performance from a near ambient temperature to an engine temperature on a flat plate. Heat flux distributions for both film-cooled and non-film-cooled cases were computed for several isothermal boundary conditions. Cases with engine representative freestream temperatures and near ambient temperatures were examined.This study first shows that the adiabatic wall temperatures interpolated from the isothermal results were lower than those measured directly using an adiabatic wall boundary condition. This was due to the presence of a thermal boundary layer in the isothermal results, which would not develop for the adiabatic case. As a result, the adiabatic effectiveness found with adiabatic models will not represent the true thermal condition found in the engine. Finally, this study shows that both the adiabatic effectiveness interpolated from the isothermal results and Net Heat Flux Reduction can be scaled from low temperature to high temperature by proper non-dimensional matching.© 2015 ASME