cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Focal 2-DG uptake persists following olfactory bulb lesions.

Abstract Exposure of rats to different odors produces spatially distinct patterns of 14 C-2-deoxyglucoss uptake (2-DG) in the glomerular layer of the main olfactory bulb. However, lesions of specific regions of the bulb that reliably contain 2-DG foci reportedly do not impair the ability of rats to perform olfactory-guided behaviors, suggesting that the lesioned olfactory bulb retains odor-responsiveness. Because the absence of focal 2-DG incorporation in lesioned olfactory bulbs has not been verified by 2-DG autoradiography, it cannot be concluded that focal responses in the olfactory bulb do not contribute to the encoding of olfactory information. To examine the effects of bulb lesions on 2-DG uptake in the olfactory bulb, we placed lesions in specific regions of the bulb that reliably contain 2-DG foci. We then exposed rats to odors 3 or 6 weeks later to determine if the lesions effectively eliminated focal 2-DG uptake in these bulbs. The results indicate that lesioned olfactory bulbs contain focal regions of 2-DG uptake in response to odor stimulation.
The NAL Beam Splitting System

The proton beam extracted from the National Accelerator Laboratory main ring synchrotron is transported through a magnetic switchyard that is designed to carry the external beam to three experimental area targeting stations located 3500 to 5000 ft. from the synchrotron extraction point. Two beam splitting facilities have been recently installed in the switchyard transport system so that all three experimental areas can receive beam simultaneously.
Grain structure evolution in a 6061 aluminum alloy during hot torsion

Abstract The grain structure development of 6061 aluminum alloys deformed at elevated temperatures in torsion is presented here and related to industrial processing scenarios. Samples of a 6061 aluminum alloy representing two variations in chemistry have been studied at different values of effective strain, ɛeff., strain rate, e ˙ , and temperature, T. Rapid quenching techniques were implemented to ensure preservation of the deformed microstructure after deformation ceased. It was determined that at effective torsion strains greater than 2.5, a fine, equiaxed grain structure develops and may be related to a type of dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The final grain size increases with increasing deformation temperature.
Characteristics of aldolase variformity.

Variant heteromorph characteristics in some vertebrate tissues, noting aldolase enzyme anomalous behavior in chicken liver and intestine
Mesh truncation by perfectly matched anisotropic absorbers in the finite-element method

In this article we develop the concept of a conformal, anisotropic material layer for mesh truncation in the finite-element analysis of electromagnetic wave propagation problems. The layer, which can be as close as λ/10 from the object, absorbs electromagnetic waves of arbitrary frequency, irrespective of the incident angle. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Acetaminophen and salicylate serum levels in patients with suicidal ingestion or altered mental status

Is universal screening of acetaminophen (APAP) and salicylate (SAL) necessary in patients with a suicidal ingestion or an altered mental status and suspected ingestion? This descriptive, retrospective chart review in an emergency department in a large urban county hospital examined all patients who presented with a history of suicidal ingestion or an altered mental status with a strong suspicion of ingestion from January 1992 through October 1993. APAP and SAL serum levels were measured in 1,820 patients, and charts of patients with APAP serum levels of > 1 microgram/mL or SAL serum levels of > 1 mg/dL were reviewed. The patient's history of ingesting APAP or SAL was recorded, as well as the clinician's interpretation of that level. Sixteen charts were not available. APAP levels of > 1 microgram/mL were found in 175 (9.6%) patients, 120 (6.5%) of whom were APAP history-positive and 55 (3%) APAP history-negative. None of the APAP history-negative group required therapy with N-acetylcysteine. Eight (0.3%) of the APAP history-negative group had potentially toxic levels of > 50 micrograms/mL. SAL levels of > 1 mg/dL were found in 155 (8.5%) patients, 44 (2.5%) of whom were SAL history-positive and 111 (6%) SAL history-negative. Three patients were SAL history-negative but had a significant chronic SAL intoxication. All these patients presented with an altered mental status and had an anion gap of > 20 mEq/L. Universal screening found that 0.3% of suicidal ingestions had a potentially toxic APAP intoxication not suggested by history. This incidence of infrequent but potentially life: threatening overdose should prompt clinicians to screen all of their patients with a suspected ingestion. Salicylate screening found that 0.16% of suicidal ingestions had a toxic SAL intoxication not suggested by history, although such intoxication should be suggested by an elevated anion gap and an altered mental status. Since this less severe intoxication is less frequent and usually suggested by commonly obtained laboratory data, universal screening is not indicated, but a more selective approach to screening could be taken.
Effects of video-based staff training with manager-led exercises in residential support

The effectiveness of video-based staff training with manager-led exercises in improving staff performance in residential support for persons with disabilities was examined. Research staff assisted two residential program managers to implement staff training in health and safety, basic support, and residential support values. Results showed improvement in (a) staff members' washing hands when appropriate, (b) wearing gloves when appropriate, and (c) frequency of positive interactions with residents. These changes in staff behavior maintained over a 6-month follow-up. Following the values training, in one house, brief increases were observed in frequency of residents' community activities. These changes did not maintain. No improvements in these measures were noted in the other house. Implications of these findings for assurance of competent staff performance with residents were discussed.
Bioremediation and Bioreduction of Dissolved U(VI) by Microbial Mat Consortium Supported on Silica Gel Particles

The goal of this research was to simulate natural attenuation processes for uranium (U) by constructing a bioremediation system based on microbial mats. Ancient microbial consortia, such as microbi...
Pyomyositis in an adolescent female athlete

A case of pyomyositis in a healthy 13-year-old female volleyball player is presented and discussed. This case is unusual because, historically, pyomyositis has been more common in males, especially those who participate in strenuous physical activity. However, competitive sports and vigorous exercise programs are becoming more widely available to young females. Therefore, a relative increase in the number of adolescent women with pyomyositis can be expected.
Microstructural stability of ultrafine grained cold sprayed 6061 aluminum alloy

Abstract The microstructural stability of ultrafine grained (UFG) cold spray 6061 aluminum deposits produced by high pressure cold spray were investigated by in situ heating to a fully annealed state via a hot-stage transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was possible to observe the precise locations and temperatures of different microstructural changes, like dislocation movement and other restoration processes. Even after heating up to the annealing temperature for this alloy, the deposited layer in the perpendicular direction was found to preserve the UFG structures, which were the result of different recrystallization mechanisms caused by the high strains present during cold spraying. Extensive solute segregation at the grain boundaries acted as an obstruction for grain boundary migration in this direction, thereby preventing grain growth. However, in the direction parallel to the deposited surface, the UFGs were not resistant to grain coursing like the other direction, since the grain boundaries had much less solute segregation.
The glycolic acid trichloroacetic acid peel.

background. Chemical peeling has become increasingly popular. Technique is more critical in medium depth peeling than with deeper peels because of variable penetration of the trichloroacetic acid, objective. This article describes a novel use of two caustic agents, glycolic acid and trichloroacetic acid, to effect a predictable approach to medium depth peeling, methods. Without other skin preparation, 70% glycolic acid was applied to the entire face and diluted with water after 2 minutes. Then, 35% trichloroacetic acid was applied over the same areas. Biopsies were done on selected patients after 24 hours and 30, 60, and 90 days, results. Both clinically and histologically the glycolic trichloroacetic acid peel resulted in medium depth injury. Improvement in pigmentary dyschromias and actinic damage was impressive, conclusion. The GA-TCA peel provides a consistent approach to medium depth peeling to add to the armamentarium of the dermatologic surgeon,
W.L. Mackenzie King: Rockefeller’s ‘other’ public relations counselor in Colorado

Abstract This study profiles William Lyon Mackenzie King’s role as a counselor to John D. Rockefeller Jr. in the aftermath of the bitter 1913–1914 Colorado coal strike. Mackenzie King—not his more recognized counterpart, publicist Ivy Lee—provided many of the modern public relations ideas that Rockefeller eventually adopted to alleviate tensions and improve labor relations. These included the development of the Colorado Industrial Representation Plan, a prototype company union structure that was designed to facilitate employee communications. Mackenzie King, who later served 22 years as prime minister of Canada, also advised Rockefeller on a wide range of public relations activities, including testimony before government hearings, meetings with union leaders, community philanthropy in Colorado, and Rockefeller’s historic visit to Colorado in September–October 1915.
Coassembling Peptide-Based Biomaterials: Effects of Pairing Equal and Unequal Chain Length Oligopeptides

We have previously developed shear-responsive hydrogels assembled from mutually attractive but self-repulsive oligopeptide modules. To explore the mechanism of material assembly, we designed and synthesized a quartet of oligopeptides. The peptide quartet contains two positively charged modules 10 and 15 amino acid residues long and two negatively charged modules 10 and 15 amino acid residues long. Each positive module can pair with one negative module and hence there are four potential pairings, two of equal chain length (blunt-ended pairs) and two of unequal chain length (sticky-ended pairs). Viscoelastic properties and structural features of the hydrogels assembled from these oligo-peptide pairs were evaluated by dynamic rheometry and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques, respectively. It was found that the sticky ends provide no advantage in terms of mechanical properties of the hydrogels. Instead, the hydrogel assembled from the 10:10 peptide pair forms the strongest gel. These results are c...
An intestinal spirochete infestation in the opossum

A spirochete capable of colonizing substantial areas of cecal mucosa was observed in a group of five normal opossums. The type of intestinal infestation with disruption of the brush border was similar to that recently observed in primates and dogs. From each of the opossums examined, a spirochete was isolated which outwardly resembled both the large intestinal spirochete of swine dysentery and one found in dogs. The opossum spirochete, however, could be readily differentiated from the latter two agents on the basis of its ultrastructure.
Investigations of silicon wafer grinding using finite element analysis

Silicon wafers are used as substrates to build more than 90% of integrated circuits. One of the manufacturing processes for silicon wafers is grinding. This paper reports the investigations of silicon wafer grinding using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). FEA models are first used to study the effects of process parameters on waviness reduction in the grinding of wire-sawn wafers on a rigid chuck. Then, soft-pad grinding of wire-sawn wafers is modelled using FEA to study the effects of pad properties on waviness reduction. Finally, FEA is used to study the elastic deformation of the grinding wheel, providing an explanation for the central dimples on ground wafers.
Thermal analysis of 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose

Abstract Thermal analysis of 1,6-anhydro-β- D -glucopyranose indicates the physical transformations of the molecule, including solid-state transition, melting, and evaporation, as well as the ensuing chemical changes involving polymerization and degradation reactions. Furthermore, modification of these properties could be readily detected by variation of the thermograms. This is shown by the addition of zinc chloride and sodium hydroxide. The presence of zinc chloride promotes dehydration and charring, whereas sodium hydroxide enhances fragmentation of the molecule.
Comparative morbidity and charges associated with route of hysterectomy and concomitant Burch colposuspension.

Objective To compare the surgical morbidity, postoperative course, and hospital charges of Burch colposuspension performed in conjunction with abdominal versus vaginal hysterectomy. Methods Power analysis indicated that 35 women would be needed in each group to detect a 20% difference in hospital charges between groups with a β error of 20% and an α error of 5%. A computerized records search identified 80 women who underwent Burch colposuspension, 40 of whom underwent concomitant vaginal hysterectomy (vaginal group) and 40 of whom underwent concomitant abdominal hysterectomy (abdominal group). All procedures were performed by one of 16 surgeons at either Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, or the Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon, Georgia, between 1992 and 1996. Data on demographics, perioperative course, uterine weight, and operative and total hospital charges were obtained for each group. Results There was no statistically significant difference in demographics, surgical history, postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit decrease, postoperative complications (10 versus 23%), operative charges ($4417 ± 1200 versus $4731 ± 1453), mean uterine weight (113.5 ± 45 versus 125.8 ± 45 g), and operative times (3.0 ± 0.8 versus 2.9 ± 0.7 hours) between the vaginal and abdominal groups, respectively. A post hoc power analysis indicated that each group would require 142 patients to achieve statistical significance for postoperative complication rates. The abdominal group had significantly longer hospital stays (3.1 ± 1.0 versus 2.6 ± 0.7 days) and higher hospital charges ($7337 ± 1828 versus $6342 ± 1123) than the vaginal group. Conclusion When hysterectomy is performed at the time of colposuspension, the vaginal route should be considered seriously when either surgical approach is clinically appropriate.
Campylobacter jejuni seasonal recovery observations of retail market broilers

Abstract This study investigated possible seasonal trends in the Campylobacter jejuni carrier state of market broilers. In this study, broiler carcasses, 15 each of two major companies, were obtained from a local supermarket each month for an entire year to evaluate the presence of C. jejuni on the carcasses. Direct plating and the whole carcass rinse procedure were used for C. jejuni detection. Resuscitation of damaged cells and preenrichment of low numbers of micoorganisms were accomplished by Hunt's procedure. None of the carcasses tested positive from direct plating of skin flora in this study. After both Company A and Company B broiler samples were enriched, 69% (229/330) of the raw commercial broilers were, positive for C. jejuni. The highest recovery rates were obtained during the warmer months of the year, from May through October (93, 97, 97, 87, 87, and 93% respectively), and the lowest were obtained in December (7%) and January (33%). Storage time, due to slow movement of broilers, appeared to affect the detectability of C. jejuni during December and January. This study shows that seasons of the year influence C. jejuni detectability and the carrier state in market broilers at retail level.
Jahn-Teller-Distorted Nitrogen Donor in Laser-Annealed Silicon

Substitutional nitrogen donors in single-crystal silicon have been produced by pulsed ruby-laser annealing of amorphous silicon created by 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{15}$ 160-keV (0.995 $^{28}\mathrm{Si}^{+}$ + 0.005 $^{14}\mathrm{N}_{2}^{+}$)/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. EPR measurements indicate that these isolated N donors are trigonally distorted as a result of Jahn-Teller effects and give rise to deep donor levels with an ionization energy of \ensuremath{\approx} 0.58 eV. They are similar in electronic structure to N donors in diamond and appear to undergo structural modification for $T\ensuremath{\gtrsim}430\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$C.
The Next Generation of Power Distribution Systems

This paper summarizes diverse concepts for the next generation of power distribution system. The objective is to bring distribution engineering more closely aligned to smart grid philosophy. Issues of design, operation, and control are discussed with regard to new system theoretic as well as component/materials advances. In particular, two transmission engineering techniques are modified for use in distribution engineering: state estimation, and locational marginal pricing. The impact of electronic control in distribution systems is discussed. Because education and training have a great impact on distribution engineering, these topics are discussed as well.
Orchiectomy as a result of ischemic orchitis after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: case report of a rare complication.

Ischemic orchitis is an established complication after open inguinal hernia repair, but ischemic orchitis resulting in orchiectomy after the laparoscopic approach has not been reported. The patient was a thirty-three year-old man who presented with bilateral direct inguinal hernias, right larger than left. He was a thin, muscular male with a narrow pelvis who underwent bilateral extraperitoneal mesh laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. The case was complicated by pneumoperitoneum which limited the visibility of the pelvic anatomy; however, the mesh was successfully deployed bilaterally. Cautery was used to resect the direct sac on the right. The patient was discharged the same day and doing well with minimal pain and swelling until the fourth day after surgery. That night he presented with sudden-onset pain and swelling of his right testicle and denied both trauma to the area and any sexual activity. Ultrasound of the testicle revealed no blood flow to the testicle which required exploration and subsequent orchiectomy. Ischemic orchitis typically presents 2–3 days after inguinal hernia surgery and can progress to infarction. This ischemic injury is likely due to thrombosis of the venous plexus, rather than iatrogenic arterial injury or inappropriate closure of the inguinal canal. Ultrasound/duplex scanning of the postoperative acute scrotum can help differentiate ischemic orchitis from infarction. Unfortunately, testicular torsion cannot be ruled out and scrotal exploration may be necessary. Although ischemic orchitis, atrophy, and orhiectomy are uncommon complications, all patients should be warned of these potential complications and operative consent should include these risks irrespective of the type of hernia or the surgical approach.
Migration and Cultural Orientation: An Empirical Test of the Psychoanalytic Theory in Chinese Americans

The psychoanalytic literature suggests migration entails an intra-psychic challenge of separation–individuation that necessitates the assistance of internal and external objects. While this has been illustrated by anecdotal data and clinical case material, it has not been previously tested in the general migrant community. This study examined three Chinese-American groups who varied in the availability of external objects (i.e., primary caretakers) and stability and solidity of internal object and self representations due to varying developmental stages at the time of migration, and assessed whether, as predicted by some psychoanalytic writers, they would have differential need to embrace their native culture to support their transition. Results showed that unaccompanied minors who migrated without their parents during adolescence evidenced a stronger Chinese cultural orientation than both accompanied minors who migrated with their parents during childhood (perhaps due to less access to external objects) and unaccompanied adults who migrated without their parents during adulthood (perhaps due to less well internalized objects), lending empirical support for the psychoanalytic postulation. Implications of the findings for future research and intervention are discussed.
The effect of thermal fluctuations on Schulman area elasticity

We study the elastic properties of a two-dimensional fluctuating surface whose area density is allowed to deviate from its optimal (Schulman) value. The behavior of such a surface is determined by an interplay between the area-dependent elastic energy, the curvature elasticity, and the entropy. We identify three different elastic regimes depending on the ratio \(A_{\rm p}/A_{\rm s}\) between the projected (frame) and the saturated areas. We show that thermal fluctuations modify the elastic energy of stretched surfaces (\(A_{\rm p}/A_{\rm s} > 1\)), and dominate the elastic energy of compressed surfaces (\(A_{\rm p}/A_{\rm s} < 1\)). When \(A_{\rm p}\sim A_{\rm s}\) the elastic energy is not much affected by the fluctuations; the frame area at which the surface tension vanishes becomes smaller than \(A_{\rm s}\) and the area elasticity modulus increases.
Cullin 4 makes its mark on chromatin

Cullin 4 (Cul4), a member of the evolutionally conserved cullin protein family, serves as a scaffold to assemble multisubunit ubiquitin E3 ligase complexes. Cul4 interacts with the Ring finger-containing protein ROC1 through its C-terminal cullin domain and with substrate recruiting subunit(s) through its N-terminus. Previous studies have demonstrated that Cul4 E3 ligase ubiquitylates key regulators in cell cycle control and mediates their degradation through the proteasomal pathway, thus contributing to genome stability. Recent studies from several groups have revealed that Cul4 E3 ligase can target histones for ubiquitylation, and importantly, ubiquitylation of histones may facilitate the cellular response to DNA damage. Therefore, histone ubiquitylation by Cul4 E3 ligase constitutes a novel mechanism through which Cul4 regulates chromatin function and maintains genomic integrity. We outline these studies and suggest that histone ubiquitylation might play important roles in Cul4-regualted chromatin function including the cellular response to DNA damage and heterochromatin gene silencing.
Characterization of Nitrogen and Sulfur Compounds in Hydrocracking Feedstocks by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Mass Spectrometry

Advanced characterization of two heavy hydrocracking unit feedstocks, Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil (HVGO) and De-Metallized Oil (DMO), both derived from Arabian Light crude oil, was performed using High Resolution Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to gain in-depth information on their aromaticity characteristics and heteroatom content, i.e., sulfur- and nitrogen-compounds. In order to obtain chemically utilizable information, each individual mass signal in the high resolution mass spectra was linked to its underlying elemental composition, the relevant double bond equivalent (aromatic properties), and carbon number. The DMO differs from the VGO in the N-, and S-species distribution patterns. The DMO contains heavier and more condensed aromatic species than the HVGO. Species with up to three sulfur- and up to two nitrogen-atoms per molecule were found in both feedstocks. Nitrogen is present in both feedstocks in pyrrole- and pyridine-structures. Besides, numerous mono-, di-, and trisulfur species and acridines and carbazoles that contain 1 to 3 additional sulfur atoms in the same molecule were found in both feedstocks.
Precision calibration of fiber-optics gyroscopes for mobile robot navigation

Fiber-optics gyroscopes (gyros) are gaining importance as a means for improving dead-reckoning accuracy in mobile robots. In the past, the relatively high drift rate of moderately priced gyros presented the foremost technical limitation of these devices. More recently, fiber-optics gyros with very low drift rates have become available and affordable. Because of their low drift rate attention is warranted to sources of errors that were previously considered as of secondary importance. In the KVH E-Core RD2100 gyros that were examined at our lab we found that the nonlinearity of the scale-factor and temperature dependency caused significant errors. A calibration method, described in the paper, reduces the resulting errors by one order of magnitude.
Multigrid Method for Numerical Simulation of Faraday Probe Measurements

An axisymmetric hybrid electron fluid particle-in-cell computational method is used extensively to simulate Faraday probe measurements for a range of plasma conditions and probe techniques. A new multigrid (MG) method is developed and implemented to speed up the simulations and allow larger domains to be simulated in a practical amount of time. The first study considers how different flowing ion distributions affect the current measurements at a planar Faraday probe surface. The second study considers variations of the standard probe technique and includes varying a uniform bias voltage and varying the guard-ring bias relative to the collecting surface bias. These studies indicate that the standard Faraday probe technique is very robust, and measurements accurately reflect the ion current for a broad range of conditions. The new MG method obtains an overall speedup slightly better than a factor of two, enabling a study of a reversed Faraday probe configuration. This study indicates that the plasma flow behind a reversed probe has strong gradients and complex structure. It is recommended that the probe-body potential should be allowed to float, in order to minimize the focusing effects of sheaths along the side of the probe.
Relationship Among the Forest Types of Indiana

The 36 least disturbed hardwood stands in Indiana were selected for analysis of the characteristics and interrelationships of the five forest types. The types were defined by the species importance sums for the four species—groups: oak—hickory, beech—maple, other upland mesophytic species, and lowland—depressional species. From the matrix of stand similarities derived by applying Motyka's coefficient to species importance values, relationships among the five forest types were indicated by cluster and ordination analyses. Both methods grouped stands of three types as extremes (oak—hickory, beech—maple, and lowland—depressional) and two mixed types as intermediates (western mesophytic and mixed woods). Within each extreme type some variant stands represented gradations toward another type. Edaphic controls of the forest types in Indiana are indicated by the patterns of the ordination distribution of substrate factors: drainage profiles, available moisture, permeability, texture of the A horizon, source of the parent material, pH of the B horizon, and degree of development of the soil.
Self-seeded 1-to-60 multicasting in a two-pump parametric mixer

We demonstrate a new multicasting scheme requiring only two CW tones to deliver spectrally-distinct copies of the input channel. 1-to-60 multicasting operation was achieved with 28 mW per-copy power efficiency and sensitivity penalty of 0.18 dB.
Atomic oxygen detection using radar REMPI

We use a microwave scattering based resonantly enhanced multi-photon ionization scheme for monitoring the concentration of oxygen atoms in a flame. This technique allows for remote investigation of concentration of atomic species with nanosecond resolution.
Social compliance as a function of field dependence.

To test Witkin's hypothesis that field-dependent individuals are socially compliant, 10 field-dependent and 10 field-independent Ss were selected on the basis of their performance on the Thurstone Embedded-figures Test and the Rod-and-frame Test (RFT). Each field-dependent S was then paired with a field-independent S and asked to cooperate in setting the rod to true vertical in the RFT. The obtained mean displacement from true vertical of the pair working together was in every case in the direction of greater field independence than the mean of the scores for the two individuals working alone (p < .001, sign test). However, a posttest indicated that the RFT conformity of field-dependent Ss was confined to the paired situation. The Barron Independence of Judgment Scale significantly differentiated between field-dependent and field-independent Ss. The findings support Witkin's hypothesis that field-dependent Ss are socially compliant.
Farmers Markets in the Post‐Industrial City

A new politics of consumption is evident in the economic behavior of educated, middle-class baby-boomer women no longer willing to accept a food culture prescribed for them by the global food establishment. It is proposed that the farmers market represents a deliberate class-based response to wrestle back control of the local through supporting farmers and post-industrial downtown storeowners. These “femivores” of the marketplace are utilizing their consumer power to participate in a new, dynamic form of community-building that re-embeds the market within local narratives of social sustainability and resource management. Further, I propose that it is through the market exchange that citizens of all classes become visible and the possibility for a class consciousness tied to economic behavior arises. Moreover, the process of restructuring occurring in Midwestern post-industrial cities may be just the incubator needed to nurture these place-based socioeconomic behaviors. [Farmers market, informal economy, post-industrial city, consumer behavior, middle class]
Ultracentrifugal fractionation of bovine nasal chondromucoprotein.

SUMMARY Bovine nasal chondromucoprotein can be separated cen- trifugally into two distinct fractions, each of which is composed of protein and polysaccharide. The light fraction obtainable in yields of 75’+& consists of 15oj, protein and 85% polysaccharide. It sediments as a single component and has a sedimentation constant at infinite dilution of 10.5 S. The heavy fraction, easily sedimentable, and obtainable in yields of 13oj,, consists of about 50% protein and 50% polysaccharide, and sediments completely at 10,000 X g. It is not clear whether the heavy fraction consists of a single component. Degradation of both the heavy and the light fractions with alkali appears to yield the same polysaccharide, chondroitin sulfate A. REFERENCES 1. SHATTON, J., AND SCHUBERT, M., J. Biol. Chem., 211, 565 (1954). 2. MALAWISTA, I., AND SCHUBERT, M., J. Biol. Chem., 230, 535 (1958). 3. WARNER, R. C., AND SCHUBERT,
Effect of Light Intensity on Arundinaria gigantea Growth and Physiology

Abstract The once dominant Arundinaria gigantea canebrake ecosystems have been reduced to fragmented populations less than 2% of their former extent resulting in a critically endangered ecosystem. Restoration of canebrakes is thus necessary for maintaining and enhancing biodiversity in the southeastern United States. Contemporary fragments of canebrakes are trapped between anthropogenic development and closed canopy forests. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of light intensity on rivercane growth and physiology in both laboratory and field studies and thereby enhance restoration success. A laboratory experiment was conducted to test light (partial shading and no shading) and nitrogen (0, 0.5, 5.0, 25, and 100 g/L) effects on seedling growth. Potential interaction occurred between light and nitrogen. Levels of nitrogen up to ten times the commercially recommended amount (0.5 g/L) significantly increased seedling growth when plants were grown under non-shaded conditions. A thinning site was es...
NoDoSE—a tool for semi-automatically extracting structured and semistructured data from text documents

Often interesting structured or semistructured data is not in database systems but in HTML pages, text files, or on paper. The data in these formats is not usable by standard query processing engines and hence users need a way of extracting data from these sources into a DBMS or of writing wrappers around the sources. This paper describes NoDoSE, the Northwestern Document Structure Extractor, which is an interactive tool for semi-automatically determining the structure of such documents and then extracting their data. Using a GUI, the user hierarchically decomposes the file, outlining its interesting regions and then describing their semantics. This task is expedited by a mining component that attempts to infer the grammar of the file from the information the user has input so far. Once the format of a document has been determined, its data can be extracted into a number of useful forms. This paper describes both the NoDoSE architecture, which can be used as a test bed for structure mining algorithms in general, and the mining algorithms that have been developed by the author. The prototype, which is written in Java, is described and experiences parsing a variety of documents are reported.
Ultrastructural Changes in Cerebral Capillary Pericytes in Aged Notch3 Mutant Transgenic Mice

Pericytes, the specialized vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), play an important role in supporting and maintaining the structure of capillaries. Pericytes show biochemical and physiologic features similar to VSMC, usually containing smooth muscle actin fibers and rich endoplasm reticulum. Studies have indicated that degeneration of VSMCs due to Notch3 mutations is the cause of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). However, it remains unclear whether the Notch3 mutation also affects cerebral cortex capillary pericytes. In this ultrastructural morphologic study, the authors have observed pathological changes in the cerebral cortex capillary pericytes in aged mice that carry human mutant Notch3 genes. The number of abnormal pericytes in the cerebral cortex in Notch3 gene mutant mice was slightly increased when compared to an age-matched control group. Morphologically, the pericytes in the brains of Notch3 gene mutant mice showed more severe cellular injury, such as the presence of damaged mitochondria, secondary lysosomes, and large cytoplasmic vesicles. In addition, morphologic structures related to autophagy were also present in the pericytes of Notch3 gene mutant group. These ultrastructural morphologic alterations suggest that Notch3 mutation precipitates age-related pericytic degeneration that might result in cellular injury and trigger autophagic apoptosis. Microvascular dysfunction due to pericyte degeneration could initiate secondary neurodegenerative changes in brain parenchyma. These findings provide new insight into understanding the role of pericyte degeneration in the phathogenesis of CADASIL disease.
Race/Ethnicity and the Relationship Between Homeownership and Health.

Objectives. We investigated whether race/ethnicity moderates the association between homeownership and health and whether this association is the same for racial/ethnic minorities as for non-Latino Whites.Methods. With data on US-born Latinos, African Americans, and non-Latino Whites from the 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2009 California Health Interview Survey, we used weighted multivariate regression techniques in fully adjusted models, controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors, to test the association between homeownership and number of psychological health conditions, number of general health conditions, self-perceived health status, and health trade-offs.Results. Race/ethnicity significantly moderates the effect of homeownership on self-perceived health status, incidence of general health conditions, and health trade-offs, including delays in accessing medical care and delays in obtaining prescription medication. Although homeownership was a robust, independent predictor for each health outcome i...
Charge-transfer rate constants for N2+(ν = 0–4) with Ar at thermal energies

Abstract Rate constants for the charge-transfer reaction N2+(ν) + Ar → N2 + Ar+ are measured at thermal energies as a function of initial vibrational excitation by laser-induced fluorescence. The reaction is slow for ν = 0, whereas the rate constants for ν = 1–4 are large (≈ 0.5 Langevin rate) and show little dependence on the vibrational level. The rate constants are quantitatively described by a simple model based on energy resonance and a set of modified Frank-Condon factors, which take into account the change in vibrational wave functions of N2+ and N2 at short (N2Ar)+ distances.
The illusion of client-centred practice.

AbstractAim: A critical analysis of occupational therapy practice in the corporate health care culture in a free market economy was undertaken to demonstrate incongruence with the profession’s philosophical basis and espoused commitment to client-centred practice. Findings: The current practice of occupational therapy in the reimbursement-driven practice arena in the United States is incongruent with the profession’s espoused philosophy and values of client-centred practice. Occupational therapy differentiates itself from medicine’s expert model aimed at curing disease and remediating impairment, by its claim to client-centred practice focused on restoring health through occupational enablement. Practice focused on impairment and function is at odds with the profession’s core tenet, occupation, and minimizes the lasting impact of interventions on health and well-being. The profession cannot unleash the therapeutic power of human occupation in settings where body systems and body functions are not occupati...
Battery-Aware Wireless Video Delivery

Feasibility and popularity of mobile multimedia have made video communications between mobile devices a rising trend with a wide range of applications. However, two main problems have emerged. First: in most of mobile devices, the power-hungry multimedia processor relies on the battery as the only form of power resource and the characteristics of a battery keep changing as the discharging operation goes. How to wisely utilize the energy stored in batteries on mobile device becomes a critical issue in designing a wireless video communication system. Second: in order to achieve QoS on mobile devices, the requested video chip has to be displayed under a given standard of quality. Therefore, it is also necessary for the received video to satisfy the constraint of an acceptable level of distortion. To analyze and optimize the communication quality and energy consumption behavior of battery-driven wireless video communication systems, we propose an optimization framework which takes into account the characteristics of battery driven devices by considering the relation between energy consumption and capacity discharging behavior of battery. In our framework, the video coding and transmission parameters are jointly optimized to minimize the battery capacity consumption under a predefined level of expected received video distortion. Experimental results indicate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed optimization framework.
Government as the Firm's Third Financial Stakeholder: Impact on Capital Structure Discount Rates and Valuation

We extend Myers’ Adjusted Present Value method (Myers, 1974) and modify Modigliani and Miller’s capital structure propositions (MM 1958, 1963) by adding government as the third major financial stakeholder. Stockholders, bondholders and government (federal and state) each possess a stake in the firm because of the potential to receive future cash flows. Given MM however, have major effects on relative stakeholder values and appropriate discount rates. Considering the three stakeholder model helps clarify the controversy over appropriate discount rates for each stakeholder’s cash flows, the social discount rate and tax structure. We further extend our models in an intertemporal framework that allows for reinvestment of earnings and firm growth. This extension provides clarification and has significant implications regarding firm valuation, capital investment and capital structure policy. We demonstrate that the corporate tax burden ultimately falls on shareowners and government is the beneficiary, whether the tax incidence is at corporate or individual level. However, corporate taxes may significantly impact domestic corporations’ abilities to compete in a global economy. In an intertemporal framework, shifting the tax burden from corporations to individuals and lowering the overall tax rates may increase government’s tax revenues through corporate growth despite a reduced proportional stake in firms.
Decision Making About Nonparental Child Care by Fathers: What Is Important to Fathers in a Nonparental Child Care Program:

While research exists on maternal preferences and decisions about child care, fathers are an underrepresented population in this literature. In an effort to fill this gap, this study examines the types of child care preferred, the level of involvement in the decision-making process, as well as the importance of certain characteristics of nonparental care in a sample of 130 fathers of children under the age of 6 years (6.2% of whom did not live with the child). Sixty-four percent of fathers in this sample indicated active involvement in making child care decisions with the child’s mother and 67% preferred parental care for their infants. Results for ratings, rankings, and conjoint analysis of the importance of certain characteristics of child care revealed slight variations depending on the method used to collect the data. Implications for these results are discussed.
Begrudgery & Brehon Law: A Literary Examination of the Roots of Resentment in Pre-Modern Ireland

This essay traces the published roots of the components of Irish begrudgery in early Irish literature ( TAiin BA³ CAoailnge and other ancient Irish myths) and Brehon legal tracts (such as the Senchus MA³r and The Book of Aicill) . First, the power of language in a predominantly oral culture is explored through examples like cursing and the peculiarly Irish type of satirist. A brief explanation of the functioning and history of Brehon law is provided, and the connections between Brehon law, literature and begrudgery are considered. Begrudgery is then tied to Nietzscheâ€™s theory of ressentiment as both are distinguished primarily by a concern and involvement with power. While the elimination of Brehon law cannot be linked directly to the rise in begrudgery, the two events emerged from the same historical conditions. It was British colonialism that removed Brehon law from Irish society, just as the long colonial period offered a perfect environment for a sentiment like begrudgery to flourish as a widespread social phenomenon. So, while the apparatuses of begrudgery existed well before the English invasion, and although examples of early begrudgers can be found in ancient Irish literature, it was the colonial period that gave birth to modern Irish begrudgery.
Multiple Teaching Experiences in the Professional Program

(1969). Multiple Teaching Experiences in the Professional Program. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 91-92.
Discovery of Bioactive Metabolites in Biofuel Microalgae That Offer Protection against Predatory Bacteria

Microalgae could become an important resource for addressing increasing global demand for food, energy, and commodities while helping to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gases. Even though Chlorophytes are generally regarded safe for human consumption, there is still much we do not understand about the metabolic and biochemical potential of microscopic algae. The aim of this study was to evaluate biofuel candidate strains of Chlorella and Scenedesmus for the potential to produce bioactive metabolites when grown under nutrient depletion regimes intended to stimulate production of triacylglycerides (TAG). Strain specific combinations of macro- and micro-nutrient restricted growth media did stimulate neutral lipid accumulation by microalgal cultures. However, cultures that were restricted for iron consistently and reliably tested positive for cytotoxicity by in vivo bioassays. The addition of iron back to these cultures resulted in the disappearance of the bioactive components by LC/MS fingerprinting and loss of cytotoxicity by in vivo bioassay. Incomplete NMR characterization of the most abundant cytotoxic fractions suggested that small molecular weight peptides and glycosides could be responsible for Chlorella cytotoxicity. Experiments were conducted to determine if the bioactive metabolites induced by Fe-limitation in Chlorella sp. cultures would elicit protection against Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus, an obligate predator of Chlorella. Introduction of V. chlorellavorus resulted in a 72% decrease in algal biomass in the experimental controls after 7 days. Conversely, only slight losses of algal biomass were measured for the iron limited Chlorella cultures (0 - 9 %). This study demonstrates a causal linkage between iron bioavailability and bioactive metabolite production in strains of Chlorella and Scenedesmus. Further study of this phenomenon could contribute to the development of new strategies to extend algal production cycles in open, outdoor systems while ensuring the protection of biomass from predatory losses.
Brain protection of Jiannaoyizhi solution for Pb-damaged newborn rats

Objective To investigate brain protection of Jiannaoyizhi solution for Pb-damaged newborn rats.Methods The newborn Wistar rats were abdominally injected varied dose of lead acetate to establish a Pb-damaged rat model,other rats were not injected any lead acetate as normal controls,then the rats were randomly divided into low Pb group and high Pb group.0.1mL of Jiannaoyizhi solution was injected into abdominal cavity of rats in each group to establish low Pb-Jiannaoyizhi intervention group and high Pb-Jiannaoyizhi intervention group.The primary outcome indexes for the rats in each group including physical growth,early nerve reflex,development of sense and motor,and swimming function were examined.Results In Jiannaoyizhi solution intervention groups,physical growth such as increment in body weight and brain weight(22.36±2.04g,17.42±2.94g respectively),appearance days of cliff avoidance,surface righting,slope turning and auditory startle were better than those in the high Pb subgroup(25.30±1.74g and 24.14±2.41g respectively),development of motor and swimming functions were significantly improved.However,in incisor eruption time,eyes opening time and visual orientation,homing test there were no significant differences between normal control group and high Pb-Jiannaoyizhi intervention group.Conclusion Jiannaoyizhi solution obviously improves physical growth disturbance of newborn rats caused by Pb damage.
Determination of Total Mercury in Soil by Atomic Fluorescence Spectrophotometry

[Objective]To establish a determining method of Mercury in soil by Atomic Fluorescence Spectrophotometry.[Methods]Acid digestion of this method,determination conditions of Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer were optimized.[Results]Under optimum condition,the detection limit was(0.25×10-3)mg/kg(calculation by 1 g sample to 50 ml constant volume),the coefficient of recovery was 93.8%～103%,relatively standard deviation was5%.[Conclusion]This method has high sensitivity,low detection limit,less interference with the coexistence of elements,wide linear range,rapid method,simple,and so on.