cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmental neurogenetics of sexual dimorphism in Aedes aegypti

Sexual dimorphism, a poorly understood but crucial aspect of vector mosquito biology, encompasses sex-specific physical, physiological, and behavioral traits related to mosquito reproduction. The study of mosquito sexual dimorphism has largely focused on analysis of the differences between adult female and male mosquitoes, particularly with respect to sex-specific behaviors related to disease transmission. However, sexually dimorphic behaviors are the products of differential gene expression that initiates during development and therefore must also be studied during development. Recent technical advancements are facilitating functional genetic studies in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti, an emerging model for mosquito development. These methodologies, many of which could be extended to other non-model insect species, are facilitating analysis of the development of sexual dimorphism in neural tissues, particularly the olfactory system. These studies are providing insight into the neurodevelopmental genetic basis for sexual dimorphism in vector mosquitoes.
Cross-organizational collaborative approach to user experience framework development to enrich product development practices.

Like many corporations, the evolution of high-tech, social media trends, and continued thrust towards increased personalization in computing has impacted both our product development philosophy and our organization's culture. Consumers and employees alike expect products that better represent our experiences as people. In the last year, my team has focused on three vectors---connection, intention, and transformation ---in the development of a corporate user-experience (UX) framework for our products. The naming of the vectors corresponds to the UX practices that we have identified to develop better product experiences. The vectors also acknowledge the cultural activation that is essential to creating a self-sustaining experience-driven product development community within our corporation. Both participatory design and a collaborative approach are allowing the community to thrive and position us to support common goals for our corporate-level user experience design agenda. This paper focuses on the co-design of the user experience practices to be adopted by the organization. Full text at ACM
The Stanford testbed of autonomous rotorcraft for multi agent control (STARMAC)

As an alternative to cumbersome aerial vehicles with considerable maintenance requirements and flight envelope restrictions, the X4 flyer is chosen as the basis for the Stanford testbed of autonomous rotorcraft for multi-agent control (STARMAC). This paper outlines the design and development of a miniature autonomous waypoint tracker flight control system, and the creation of a multi-vehicle platform for experimentation and validation of multi-agent control algorithms. This testbed development paves the way for real-world implementation of recent work in the fields of autonomous collision and obstacle avoidance, task assignment formation flight, using both centralized and decentralized techniques.
Carbon dioxide control of lag period and growth of Streptococcus sanguis.

A carbon dioxide requirement for growth of Streptococcus sanguis was readily demonstrated in a fermentor where the gas atmosphere could be controlled. Growth at a maximum rate occurred immediately in response to the appropriate CO2 concentration; growth stopped when CO2 was deleted. Washed inocula consisting of exponentially growing cells required a minimum of 2.4% CO2, postexponential phase cells needed 1.2 to 1.8% CO2 immediately and 2.4% CO2 shortly thereafter, whereas stationary phase cells required three sequential increases in CO2 from 0.3 to 1.8 to 2.4% within the first 90 min of growth. These CO2 concentrations permitted each inoculum to initiate growth immediately at the same maximum rate. These results also showed that physiologically “old” cells had the same capacity for growth as “young” cells when the CO2 concentrations were appropriate for the type of inoculum. Continued exponential growth of the culture at the same optimum rate required 2.4% CO2. Lower concentrations of CO2 were rate limiting and the resulting exponential rate was proportional to the CO2 concentration. The “normal” lag period of S. sanguis appears to be an artifact induced by a CO2 deficiency.
Metal Specificity of Metallosensors

Transition metal ions are biologically required yet toxic when in excess. As such, prokaryotes have developed metal homeostasis systems that allow for the acquisition of essential metal ions, the delivery of these metal ions to target proteins, and the export of metal ions from the cell. Specialized metal-binding proteins termed metallosensors bind to a cognate metal ion(s) in the cell and either transcriptionally repress the expression of importers or de-repress the expression of exporters or sequestration systems and therefore govern cellular metal homeostasis. Metallosensors must be selective and appropriately sensitive toward the binding of their cognate metals. Prokaryotic metallosensors have been identified in ten different protein structural families. Each family exploits either one general metal-binding-site region, individual members of which have evolved different coordination sites, or alternatively, employs multiple metal-binding sites to effect coordination of different metal ions. There is now broad support for the hypothesis that metal responsiveness in metallosensors is most closely linked to the coordination number and geometry adopted by cognate metal ion(s), and this is the subject of this article. Since a range of metal ions can be collectively sensed by a single repressor family, a particular protein fold cannot be specific for one particular metal ion. In fact, the converse is true: nature has used convergent evolution to evolve metal-specific sensors on a variety of structural scaffolds that exploit common principles of coordination chemistry (ligand type, coordination number, and geometry) to effect the same biological outcome. Keywords: metallosensors; metalloregulators; allostery; Irving-Williams series; hard and soft acid base theory; transition metals; homeostasis; coordination chemistry
Una pieza singular: la terracota de una 'birreme' del poblado ibérico del Cerro de las Balsas (La Albufereta, Alicante)

Las excavaciones en el sector oriental del yacimiento iberico del Cerro de las Balsas (La Albufereta, Alicante) han aportado gran informacion sobre dicho asentamiento y su entorno asi como un importante lote de material ceramico entre el que destaca una pieza excepcional, una terracota de un navio (birreme), una especie de maqueta de una nave fechable entre el s. IV y principios s. III a.C. Esta pieza es analizada desde el punto de vista morfologico, lo que permite distinguir las diversas partes del navio que representa, sus motivos decorativos, su extrapolacion a modelos reales, su funcion, su cronologia, su posible origen y algun paralelo cercano. Y por supuesto, su vinculacion con el yacimiento iberico donde se ha encontrado, poblado con una instalacion portuaria en la que se debieron establecer importantes intercambios comerciales y de relacion con el mundo punico, entre otros.
Experience with ATM switch performance testing

For users to be able to compare performance of different switches, it is important to have a common set of metrics. Examples of several such metrics and their measurements are presented in this paper. These measurements and metrics have impacted standardization efforts in this area. The key distinguishing feature of our effort is its emphasis on frame-level metrics (rather than cell-level metrics of the past). In particular, in this paper, we present definitions, methodologies, and measured results for frame latency, throughput, and maximum frame burst size (MFBS).
VCAM-1 Signals Activate Endothelial Cell Protein Kinase Cα via Oxidation

Lymphocyte binding to VCAM-1 activates endothelial cell NADPH oxidase, resulting in the generation of 1 μM H2O2. This is required for VCAM-1-dependent lymphocyte migration. In this study, we identified a role for protein kinase Cα (PKCα) in VCAM-1 signal transduction in human and mouse endothelial cells. VCAM-1-dependent spleen cell migration under 2 dynes/cm2 laminar flow was blocked by pretreatment of endothelial cells with dominant-negative PKCα or the PKCα inhibitors, Ro-32-0432 or Go-6976. Phosphorylation of PKCαThr638, an autophosphorylation site indicating enzyme activity, was increased by Ab cross-linking of VCAM-1 on endothelial cells or by the exogenous addition of 1 μM H2O2. The anti-VCAM-1-stimulated phosphorylation of PKCαThr638 was blocked by scavenging of H2O2 and by inhibition of NADPH oxidase. Furthermore, anti-VCAM-1 signaling induced the oxidation of endothelial cell PKCα. Oxidized PKCα is a transiently active form of PKCα that is diacylglycerol independent. This oxidation was blocked by inhibition of NADPH oxidase. In summary, VCAM-1 activation of endothelial cell NADPH oxidase induces transient PKCα activation that is necessary for VCAM-1-dependent transendothelial cell migration.
Implications of halide leaching on 36Cl studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

[1] Chlorine 36 was generated from nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1960s and has been used to identify fast flow paths at Yucca Mountain, the proposed repository for high-level nuclear waste [Fabryka-Martin et al., 1997, 1998]. Bomb pulse 36Cl, brought into the subsurface by infiltrating rainwater, presumably resides along fracture surfaces because of the extremely low rock matrix permeability. However, leaching a rock sample to extract this salt inevitably extracts pore water chloride (Cl) and rock matrix chloride, thereby making it difficult to obtain reproducible measurements or detect the specific bomb pulse signatures. Complexities introduced by these sources of older chloride include dilution of bomb pulse 36Cl/Cl ratios for samples from strata with a high Cl concentration, variations in measured ratios as a function of leaching time, rock chip size, and the differing effects of active leaching from those of passive leaching. This work provides both a conceptual model and a mathematical solution for the leaching processes and examines the role of sample leaching in the 36Cl studies of Yucca Mountain rocks. An analytical solution is derived for the diffusion of Cl and 36Cl in composite media (rock matrix and water) to accommodate variable diffusivity. This solution is subsequently used to develop a leaching model that takes into account bomb pulse signal, matrix pore water, and relatively hard to leach components (isolated fluid inclusion and mineral boundary salts). The model is then applied to samples from stratigraphic units at Yucca Mountain to obtain leachate concentrations from different setup methods (protocols), including duration, chip size, and gravitational settling of the water-rock mixture. The model results show that the probability of detecting a 36Cl/Cl bomb pulse signal is severely diminished under longer leaching times and smaller rock fragment sizes and that leaching times of 1 to 10 hours are most likely to be successful in detecting a bomb pulse signal. Bomb pulse 36Cl/Cl ratios are more likely to be observed if pore water Cl concentrations were initially low prior to the introduction of bomb pulse carrying water.
Mechanisms of calcium signaling by cyclic ADP-ribose and NAADP

Cells possess various mechanisms for transducing external signals to intracellular responses. The discovery of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) as a messenger for mobilizing internal Ca2+ stores has centralized Ca2+ mobilization among signaling mechanisms. Results reviewed in this article establish that, in addition to IP3, the internal Ca2+ stores can be mobilized by at least two other molecules, cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), via totally independent mechanisms. Cyclic ADP-ribose is a newly discovered cyclic nucleotide derived from NAD, but, unlike adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, its main signaling function is modulation of Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release, a major mechanism of Ca2+ mobilization in addition to the IP3 pathway. Evidence shows that cADPR may in fact be responsible for mediating the Ca(2+)-mobilizing activity of the gaseous messenger nitric oxide. Cells responsive to cADPR are widespread and include species from plant to mammal, indicating the generality of cADPR as a signaling molecule. In addition to cADPR, NAADP, a metabolite of NADP, can also mobilize Ca2+ stores. The release mechanism and the stores on which NAADP acts are distinct from cADPR and IP3. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate may play a role in generating Ca2+ oscillations, since liberation of NAADP in live cells by photolyzing its caged analog produces long lasting Ca2+ oscillations. These two new Ca2+ agonists are intimately related, since the same metabolic enzymes can, under appropriate conditions, synthesize either one, suggesting a unified mechanism may regulate both pathways. Elucidation of these two new Ca2+ mobilization pathways is likely to have an important impact on our understanding of cellular signaling mechanisms.
On the modeling of fluctuation-induced phenomena in inhomogeneous geometries

We describe some preliminary results on a fluctuating volume-current formulation of non-equilibrium fluctuations in inhomogeneous media. The proposed framework generalizes the recently developed power formulas for volume integral equation formulations, in order to facilitate applications including radiative heat transfer, Casimir forces, and fluorescence, in arbitrary geometries.
TES observations of the interannual variability of PAN over Northern Eurasia and the relationship to springtime fires

Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry through its impact on remote oxidant and nitrogen budgets. PAN is formed rapidly in boreal fire plumes through the oxidation of short-lived volatile organic compounds in the presence of nitrogen oxide radicals. Here we present new satellite observations of PAN from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) over northern Eurasia for April 2006–2010. We observe large interannual variability in TES PAN observations, and we show that fires are one source of this variability using (1) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Mean Fire Radiative Power observations and (2) Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory backward trajectories. We also show that cold springtime temperatures and enhanced vertical mixing in the lower free troposphere over northeastern Eurasia likely played a role in the detection of PAN from TES in April 2006 in this region.
Community-Based Placements As Contexts for Disciplinary Learning A Study of Literacy Teacher Education Outside of School

Community-based field placements have shown promise as a strategy for preparing teacher candidates to work in diverse, high-needs schools, but they have rarely been designed or researched with subject-area methods learning in mind. Drawing on data from observations, interviews, documents, and journals, the author investigated how placements in two case study community-based organizations (CBOs) shaped candidates’ learning about literacy and literacy pedagogy. Using cultural historical activity theory as an analytic framework, the author found that contextual components in CBO activity systems guided teacher candidates to take up more complex theories of literacy, demonstrate unusual proficiency in engaging language-minority students in text-based conversations (a critical strategy for promoting reading and language development), and leverage teacher–student–family relationships in ways that enhanced pupils’ literacy engagement and learning experiences. Findings highlight implications (related to literacy ...
Invited Reaction: The Work Cognition Inventory--Initial Evidence of Construct Validity.

Employee engagement research is typified by the relabeling and reinvention of classic job attitude concepts. We comment on the development of the Work Cognition Inventory (WCI; Nimon, Zigarmi, Houson, Witt, & Diehl, this issue), an instrument designed to assess eight major antecedents of employee engagement/work passion. The antecedents measured by the WCI include job autonomy, feedback, task significance, distributive justice, leader–member exchange (LMX), social support, coworker collaboration, and opportunities for growth (although Nimon et al. use different labels for some of these). We note the WCI was created with the use of many of the best scale-development procedures available (e.g., confirmatory factor analyses across several replication samples, convergent and discriminant validity evidence), and is exemplary in this regard. Nonetheless, the WCI appears to measure the same constructs as several long-established instruments (e.g., Hackman & Oldham, 1980; Morgeson & Humphrey, 2006; Sims, Szilagyi, & Keller, 1976). The natural question is whether this new WCI measure of classic human resources (HR) concepts (job autonomy, justice, etc.) is distinct from and performs better than the classic measures of these same concepts. This is an empirical question, but one the authors of the WCI do not address. When attempting to supplant classic measures of well-known constructs, it is important to include those classic measures in the validity study.
Representing and negotiating uncertain geospatial concepts – Where are the exurban areas?

In urban landscape studies, there are many different definitions of exurbanization and the spatial boundaries based on them are therefore uncertain. We identify and illustrate the uncertainty of the exurban concept using a fuzzy-set based conceptual space approach. Several definitions of exurbanization are investigated on how they conceptualize exurban areas and we develop formal representations for our analysis and demonstration. To support this we develop a software interface that would allow interactive exploration, analysis, negotiation, and visualization of uncertain geospatial concepts. With selected definitions applied to empirical spatial data we demonstrate some key features of the developed software, such as concept comparison and concept creation activities. The case study of five different definitions of exurbanization in north-central Ohio, US shows varying degrees of agreement and illustrates the impact of different approaches to negotiate the multiple different definitions. The paper also provides the results from user-evaluation of the developed software to better support the exchange of knowledge and communication between the users.
WE‐E‐BRA‐01: Outcomes Modeling: General Review

The use of mathematical models to summarized clinical or biological outcomes with respect to the distribution of dose throughout an organ or tissue has great appeal. At its best, the overall cumulative effects of all parts of a heterogeneously irradiated object could be summarized in terms of a clinically relevant outcome such as a normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). Despite this appeal, integration of these concepts into mainstream treatment planning has been slow in coming. Parameterization of the models is conceptually simple, requiring input data consisting primarily of dose, volume and outcome information. However, uncertainties in accumulated total effective dose and differential irradiated volumes together with heterogeneities in biological responses can make these determinations difficult. At best, it has been possible to obtain broad “population” based model parameters for some organs for “groups of similarly‐treated patients”. In general, as used today, these models are not by themselves (i.e., without additional stratification factors) “predictive” of outcome for “individual” subjects, nor can their use be generally extrapolated to the treatment of populations with techniques that vary greatly from those originally used. However, disclaimers aside, their appeal remains great, and real progress has been made. In this part of the session some of the basic concepts associated with outcomes models will be presented. Examples will be given as to how the models accommodate the responses of different types of normal tissues. We will show how implementation of the models in evaluation or planning generally first requires reduction of a complex dose distribution (or DVH) into an equivalent “uniform” total (or partial) organ dose. Objectives: 1. Understand the basis and statistical nature of standard NTCP models. 2. Recognized that dose distribution reduction remains a basic component of their implementation. 3. Appreciate, that as currently used, most results apply to “populations” of “similarly treated” patients.
Longitudinal influences of partner depression on cognitive functioning in latino spousal pairs.

Background/Aims: While social factors may influence the trajectories of cognitive aging, the influence of spousal characteristics (i.e. health or mental health) on cognitive decline has received little attention. This study examined the influence of baseline depressive symptoms in one spouse on cognitive functioning in the other. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study of 279 Latino spousal pairs (558 people) taken from a cohort study (n = 1,789) in California’s central valley with assessments every 12–18 months. Results: Higher husband baseline depression was significantly associated with lower cognitive scores maintained across time for both husbands (p ! 0.001) and wives (p = 0.01). Wives with higher baseline depression scores showed significantly worse cognitive function over time (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Husbands’ cognitive function was more strongly linked to their own level of depression, whereas wives’ cognitive function was influenced by both their own and their partners’ level of baseline depression. Our study further documents the public health significance of depression and our need to look beyond the individual to the reverberating effects of depression on the family.
Mapping the energy surface of PbTiO 3 in multidimensional electric-displacement space

In recent years, methods have been developed that allow first-principles electronic-structure calculations to be carried out under conditions of fixed electric field. For some purposes, however, it is more convenient to work at fixed electric displacement field. Initial implementations of the fixed-displacement-field approach have been limited to constraining the field along one spatial dimension only. Here, we generalize this approach to treat the full three-dimensional displacement field as a constraint and compute the internal-energy landscape as a function of this multidimensional displacement-field vector. Using PbTiO${}_{3}$ as a prototypical system, we identify stable or metastable tetragonal, orthorhombic, and rhombohedral structures as the displacement field evolves along the [001], [110], and [111] directions, respectively. The energy minimum along [001] is found to be deeper than that along [110] or [111], as expected for a system having a tetragonal ground state. The barriers connecting these minima are found to be quite small, consistent with the current understanding that the large piezoelectric effects in PbTiO${}_{3}$ arise from the easy rotation of the polarization vector.
THE MIDGUT CAECA AND THE LIMITS OF THE HINDGUT OF BRACHYURA: A CLARIFICATION

Les caeca dorsaux anterieurs pairs et le caecum impair posterieur du duodenum des Brachyura et de beaucoup d'autres Crustaces Decapodes ne sont pas bien interpretes et leur fonction est inconnue. Ils n'ont pas ete mentionnes dans un traite recent sur la physiologie des Crustaces, et plusieurs chercheurs ont attribue, a tort, le caecum posterieur au rectum. Ce travail essaie d'eclaircir leurs homologies et leurs relations avec le duodenum, et, en meme temps d'attirer sur eux l'attention des physiologistes. L'ultrastructure de ces organes chez Carcinus indique une fonction de transport.
Attachment, breakup strategies, and associated outcomes: The effects of security enhancement on the selection of breakup strategies

Abstract People tend to use different strategies to dissolve their romantic relationships ( Baxter, 1982 ). The factors predicting selection of breakup strategies, and especially personality factors, have received relatively little attention. In five studies, using community and students samples, we revised the measure used to assess breakup strategy use, examined the outcomes of the revised strategies, and investigated the associations of these strategies with attachment dimensions. Attachment avoidance was associated with using less direct breakup strategies; whereas attachment anxiety was associated with using strategies meant to keep open the option of getting back together. In Studies 4 and 5, attachment-security primes were found to decrease these tendencies. Implications for relationship dissolution and attachment theory are discussed.
Closed-tube diffusion of silicon in GaAs from sputtered silicon film

Silicon diffusion into GaAs from a sputtered film in a closed ampoule is described. Excess arsenic pressure is required in the ampoule for a successful diffusion. The relationship between junction depth and the diffusion coefficient has been theoretically derived and the activation energy of the Si-Si pair diffusion coefficient has been obtained from that relation.
Subdivision-based digital geometry processing as a fundamental building block of digital manufacturing

Digital manufacturing relies on geometric modelling techniques, virtual environments, and a solid common platform that can support multiple disciplines and applications. Subdivision methods offer powerful computational representations and algorithms for digital geometry processing (DGP) and can create a common model and unified representation for geometric design, numerical analysis, and numerical control (NC) machining. Subdivision-based digital geometry processing can be a fundamental building block of digital manufacturing. In this paper, models for geometric design, finite/boundary element analysis (FEA/BEA), and NC machining are created using subdivision surfaces. Automatic mesh generation for the FEA of sheet metal structures and for the BEA of general three-dimensional structures is fulfilled through subdivision-based digital geometry processing. Models with progressive refinement for progressive transmission are created. Subdivision-based digital geometry processing for NC machining is discussed.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Reduces Left Atrial Volume and the Risk of Atrial Tachyarrhythmias in MADIT-CRT (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy)

Objectives We hypothesized that reductions in left atrial volume (LAV) with a cardiac resynchronization therapy–defibrillator (CRT-D) would translate into a subsequent reduction in the risk of atrial tachyarrhythmias (AT). Background There is limited information regarding the effect of CRT-D on the risk of AT. Methods Percent reduction in LAV at 1 year following CRT-D implantation (pre-specified as low [lowest quartile: Results The cumulative probability of AT 2.5 years after assessment of echocardiographic response was lowest among high LAV responders to CRT-D (3%) and significantly higher among both low LAV responders to CRT-D (9%) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator–only patients (7%; p = 0.03 for the difference among the 3 groups). Consistently, multivariate analysis showed that high LAV responders to CRT-D experienced a significant 53% (p = 0.01) reduction in the risk of subsequent AT as compared with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator–only patients, whereas low LAV responders did not derive a significant risk reduction with CRT-D therapy (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.05 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54 to 2.00]; p = 0.89). Patients who developed in-trial AT experienced significant increases in the risk for both the combined endpoint of heart failure or death (HR: 2.28 [95% CI: 1.45 to 3.59]; p Conclusions In the MADIT-CRT study, favorable reverse remodeling of the left atrium with CRT-D therapy was associated with a significant reduction in risk of subsequent AT. (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy [MADIT-CRT]; NCT00180271 )
Conditioned taste aversion and the pituitary-adrenal system.

Plasma corticosterone levels of male rats were found to be elevated for 2–4 hr following injection of a toxic dosage of LiCl, while pretreatment with dexamethasone suppressed this pituitary-adrenal activation. These data suggest that both ACTH and corticosteroid levels are elevated at the time of taste aversion conditioning. It was also found that treatment of subjects with dexamethasone prior to conditioning attenuated the aversion to the taste of milk produced by LiCl. Pretreatment with ACTH during conditioning and recovery prolonged the aversion. The results were interpreted in terms of the effect of the stimulus/feedback characteristics of high circulating ACTH levels during illness upon the taste-illness association.
Mass/Heat Transfer in a Ribbed Blade Coolant Passage With Cylindrical Vortex Generators: The Effect of Generator-Rib Spacing

The effect of vortex-generators on the heat transfer from the internally ribbed passages of a turbine blade coolant channel is studied experimentally using a mass-transfer technique. Cylindrical vortex-generators placed directly above the ribs have been used in this study. Results are reported on the effect of the spacing between the vortex-generator and the ribs. Detailed distributions of the Sherwood number contours and the centerline Sherwood number distributions are presented. Three generator-rib-spacing/rib-height (s/e) values of 0.55, 1, and 1.5 are considered. It is shown that at small generator-rib spacings (s/e = 0.55), the two act as a single element, and lead to a retardation of the shear layer development past the reattachment point. This is generally associated with lower heat transfer. At a larger generator-rib spacing (s/e = 1.5), the generator-wake and the rib-shear-layer interact with each other to promote mixing and heat transfer.Copyright © 1997 by ASME
When the Family Business Is a Sickness

When a shared business retards the life-cycle development of both generations, it may not be possible for consultants to “restore” their system to health as a family business, because it is unhealthy for such families to be in business together at all. Fantasies of saving their family business, or “succeeding” in passing it to the next generation, are misguided at best. The author argues that when parents' ego development is inadequate, normal individuation makes them and their children so anxious that the business functions like an addiction. A primary role of the consultant is to recognize such cases, diagnose them carefully, and intervene in ways that encourage the next generation to explore a wider range of options.
Forgotten friends: monks, marriages and memories of Northeast India, by Indrani Chatterjee, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2013, 451 pp., £30.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-19-808922-3

For scholars of South Asia and Southeast Asia, there have been few histories of the borderland region of what was earlier described in Buddhist cosmographical terms as ‘Jambudvipa’: the region that...
A note on slope rotatability over all directions

Abstract Slope rotatability of a response surface, averaged over all directions at any point in the predictor space, is considered. A measure of this averaged slope rotatability for any design in proposed. The measure takes advantage of the fact that the contours of the averaged variance of the slope are ellipsoids. This measure can be used to add points to any design to make it ‘more’ slope rotatable.
Submillimeter Continuum Emission from Comets

We report submillimeter continuum observations of five comets obtained at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope on Mauna Kea. Two of the five comets (P/Brorsen-Metcalf and Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko) were detected at 800-μm wavelength while physically significant upper limits were placed on the other three (Austin 1989c1, P/Faye, and Levy 1990c). We compare the JCMT data with millimeter continuum measurements of Comets Austin 1989c1, IRAS-Araki-Alcock, and P/Halley from the published literature. The submillimeter and millimeter signals are tentatively ascribed to thermal emission from porous particles in the coma, with total particle masses M ∼ 107−108 kg. Previous explanations in terms of ice grain halos and near-nucleus boulder-clouds are less plausible, as they require inordinately large particle masses.
Towards online reachability analysis with temporal-differencing

Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs (HJI) reachability analysis has been employed to guarantee constraint satisfaction (safety) in a number of applications including robotics, air traffic control, and control of HVAC systems. However, the current standard for these methods can result in overly-conservative controllers that can degrade system performance with respect to lower priority objectives. There has been interest in incorporating online machine learning techniques to reduce the conservativeness of this approach. However, recent efforts have resulted in methods that are computationally inefficient and scale poorly with the dimension of the state space. We explore a novel online reachability update algorithm based on temporal-difference learning that is computationally more efficient than current methods. Our algorithm is demonstrated on a simulation of a quadrotor learning to track a trajectory in a confined space and a reach-avoid/pursuit-evader game.
An iterative approach for moving target detection and geolocation in SAR

We propose a novel approach to focus and geolocate moving targets in synthetic aperture radar imagery. The initial step is to detect the position of the target using an automatic target detection algorithm. The next step is to estimate the target cross-range velocity using sequential sub-apertures; this is done by forming low resolution images and estimating position as a function of sub-aperture, thus yielding an estimate of the cross-range velocity. This cross-range estimate is then used to bound the search range for a bank of focusing filters. Determining the proper velocity that yields the best focused target defines an equation for the target velocity, however both components of the targets velocity can not be determined from a single equation. Therefore, a second image with a slightly different heading is needed to yield a second focusing velocity, and then having a system of two equations and two unknowns a solution can be obtained. Once the target velocity is known the proper position can be determined from the range velocity. Synthetic data will be used with a point source target and both background clutter and noise added. The results support the development of staring radar applications with much larger synthetic aperture integration times in comparison to existing SAR modes. The basic idea of this approach is to trade-off the development of expensive phased-array technology for GMTI applications with the potential development of advanced processing methods that show potential for processing data over very large aperture integration intervals, to obtain similar GMTI geolocation results that would be compatible with current radar technology.
Alumina-supported cobalt–adeninate MOF membranes for CO2/CH4 separation

The synthesis of continuous cobalt–adeninate MOF (bio-MOF-13 (I) and bio-MOF-14 (II)) membranes supported on porous alumina tubes is demonstrated. The membranes showed high CO2 permeabilities and low to moderate CO2 separation selectivities for CO2/CH4 gas mixtures. The observed CO2/CH4 selectivities are attributed to preferential CO2 adsorption within the framework.
Implementation of a New Freshman Year Interdisciplinary Course Sequence

This paper presents the design and implementation of a two course freshman year sequence at a multi-disciplinary engineering school. The driver for this change was the interdisciplinary academic environment. The previous course sequence consisted of a CAD/CAM graphical communication course followed by a traditional C programming course. The CAD/CAM course consists of two hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory and covered graphical communication coupled with laboratory CAM activities as one semester (13 weeks) course. This particular course is named “EGR-101: Introduction to CAD/CAM” and this required course is the first engineering course that all freshmen identifying themselves as pre-engineering take. The C programming course was delivered using two hours of lecture and three hours of lab as a one semester (13 weeks) course. This particular course is named “EGR-261: Structured Programming in C” and this course is the second engineering course that all freshmen are required to take. The new combined sequence of courses includes similar topics with the addition of an introduction to basic electronics and microcontrollers. It was delivered using a two hour block and three hour block divided as needed between lecture and laboratory with mixed topics of CAD/CAM and C programming. A two semester open ended design and build project was used to combine the course elements. Final assessment result will be presented to evaluate the effect of the changes.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Magnetic resonance imaging dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) characteristics of healed myocardial infarction differ from viable myocardium

Abstract Purpose To determine whether healed myocardial infarction alters dynamic contrast-enhancement (DCE) curve shapes as well as late gadolinium-enhancement (LGE). Materials and methods Twenty patients with chronic myocardial infarction underwent MR imaging at 1.5 T with blood and myocardial T1 measurements before and after contrast administration for forty minutes. Viable and infarcted myocardial partition coefficients were calculated using multipoint slope methods for ten different DCE sampling intervals and windows. Partition coefficients and coefficients of determination were compared with paired statistical tests to assess the linearity of DCE curve shapes over the 40 min time period. Results Calculated partition coefficients did not vary significantly between methods ( p = 0.325) for viable myocardium but did differ for infarcted myocardium ( p Conclusion Myocardial partition coefficients calculated from a slope calculation vary in healed myocardial infarction based on the selection of samples due to non-linear DCE curve shapes. Partition coefficient calculations are insensitive to data sampling effects in viable myocardium due to linear DCE curve shapes.
4,4′‐Iminodipyridinium 5‐hydroxyisophthalate trihydrate

In the title hydrated salt, C10H11N2+·C8H4O5−·3H2O, doubly protonated 4,4′-dipyridylamine mol­ecules engage in N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding with 5-hydroxy­isophthalate dianions to form undulating one-dimensional chains, which aggregate into three dimensions by O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding patterns mediated by water mol­ecules of crystallization.
Effects of Sorbic Acid Feed Fungistat on the Intestinal Microflora of Floor-Reared Broiler Chickens

The intestinal microflora of a group of broilers fed a diet containing .04% sorbic acid from Days 1 through 49 of their lives was compared with broilers given a diet without the fungistat. Four broilers from each group were killed at 7, 21, 35, and 49 days, and intestinal sections of the duodenum, the lower small intestine, and both ceca were removed aseptically. Samples of the contents of the intestinal sections were analyzed microbiologically. Groups of microorganisms analyzed included total aerobes, total anaerobes, coliforms, streptococci, lactobacilli, clostridia, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, yeasts, and molds. Generally, there was a large variation in viable counts of microorganisms for birds of the same treatment. Of the nine groups of microorganisms analyzed the highest counts obtained (greater than 10(6)/g) were for total aerobes, total anaerobes, lactobacilli, and Bifidobacterium. Coliforms, streptococci, and clostridia showed intermediate counts (greater than 10(3)/g), while yeasts and molds and Bacteroides showed the lowest counts (greater than 10(2)/g). Total microbial numbers, in most cases and irrespective of sorbic acid treatment, were highest in the ceca, lower in the small intestine, and still lower in the duodenum. There were no major trends of microbial population changes observed in a given treatment, intestinal location, or group of organisms with age and time on feed. Inclusion of sorbic acid in the feed did not influence total aerobes, total anaerobes, lactobacilli, streptococci, Bifidobacterium, and clostridia. However, broilers on sorbic acid-containing feed had, at 49 days of age, lower coliform counts in the duodenum, lower yeast and mold counts in the ceca, and higher Bacteroides counts in the ceca.
1.8 A structure of murine GITR ligand dimer expressed in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells.

Glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor ligand (GITRL), a prominent member of the TNF superfamily, activates its receptor on both effector and regulatory T cells to generate critical costimulatory signals that have been implicated in a wide range of T-cell immune functions. The crystal structures of murine and human orthologs of GITRL recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli have previously been determined. In contrast to all classical TNF structures, including the human GITRL structure, murine GITRL demonstrated a unique 'strand-exchanged' dimeric organization. Such a novel assembly behavior indicated a dramatic impact on receptor activation as well as on the signaling mechanism associated with the murine GITRL costimulatory system. In this present work, the 1.8 {angstrom} resolution crystal structure of murine GITRL expressed in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells is reported. The eukaryotic protein-expression system allows transport of the recombinant protein into the extracellular culture medium, thus maximizing the possibility of obtaining correctly folded material devoid of any folding/assembly artifacts that are often suspected with E. coli-expressed proteins. The S2 cell-expressed murine GITRL adopts an identical 'strand-exchanged' dimeric structure to that observed for the E. coli-expressed protein, thus conclusively demonstrating the novel quaternary structure assembly behavior of murine GITRL.
An advanced full-text retrieval and analysis system

MICROARRAS is an advanced full-text retrieval and analysis system. It supports fast, efficient browsing of a document's vocabulary as well as its text, recursive analytic categories, Boolean search with flexible context specifications, evaluation of arithmetic expressions, and graphical display of various numeric distributions. The system is designed to work with large textbases stored on remote mainframes or on a local store for a micro-computer or workstation. The description covers system architecture, design principals, as well as user functions.
Evaluating academic computing on campus and developing a 5-year plan

A comprehensive study of academic computing at Baruch College was recently completed. The purpose of the study was to draw a baseline picture of current computing resources and needs, and to propose a five year development plan in order to improve academic computing for students, faculty, and staff. The impetus for this study was preparation for the Middle States Self Study Accreditation to take place in Fall 1989. One of the requirements of the accreditation is a critical self evaluation of the state of academic on campus.The focus of this paper is the process by which the study was conducted. Part 1, describes the study process. Part 2 outlines the major impediments to computing and recommendations for the future of academic computing at Baruch, and Part 3 discusses the impact of the study on the College.
Activated Rate Theory Treatment of Oxygen and Water Transport through Silicon Oxide/Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Composite Barrier Structures

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrates were coated with thin films of silicon oxide deposited by magnetically enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The rates of oxygen and water vapor transport through the coated and uncoated film systems were obtained as a function of temperature. Activated rate theory treatment of oxygen transmission rates revealed that the silicon oxide coatings were imperfect; the apparent free energies of activation (ΔEp) for transport through film substrates which were coated on a single side were statistically identical to uncoated controls. However, coating both sides of the polymer substrate with identical oxide layers resulted in a 54 kJ/mol increase in the ΔEp value. A simple empirical model for the change in transport mechanism is offered to explain this unanticipated result. Analogous treatment of water vapor transport rates for these same film systems showed no obvious change in transport mechanism. However, ΔEp values obtained for water vapor permeation through silicon oxide...
Parental Emotional and Time Costs Predict Compliance With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis

Background.—Two agents are effective in preventing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalization in premature infants: RSV immune globulin (RSV-IG) and palivizumab. RSV-IG is associated with greater parental emotional and time costs, which may account for the more limited adherence to recommended monthly treatment with this agent. Objectives.—To compare the emotional distress and time costs associated with RSV-IG and palivizumab treatments and to determine the influence of these costs on treatment adherence. Methods.—We surveyed parents of 82 infants who received RSV-IG (90% of eligible) and parents of 61 infants who received palivizumab (87% of eligible) at Arkansas Children's Hospital by telephone. We measured infant distress during treatment, parental distress, parental time costs, and adherence with recommended monthly prophylaxis. Results.—Half of parents of RSV-IG recipients witnessed their infant in distress during infusion, over half (61%) were upset by observing the needle stick, and 22% observed infusion in the scalp. Fewer than 5% of parents of palivizumab recipients observed their infant in distress or were themselves distressed during treatment. A quarter of parents took time off from work for RSV-IG or palivizumab treatment. RSV-IG recipients completed 62% of recommended monthly treatments compared with 86% completed by palivizumab recipients. Increased parental distress and time costs largely accounted for the reduction in adherence to monthly treatment among RSV-IG recipients. Conclusions.—The emotional and time costs of RSV-IG treatment far exceed those of palivizumab and predict substantial differences in treatment adherence between the 2 agents. The impact of hidden costs on treatment adherence should be included in economic evaluations of medical procedures.
Structural Assimilation, Ethnic Group Membership, and Political Participation Among Japanese Americans: A Research Note

Japanese Americans differ from most other American ethnic groups by combining high levels of structural assimilation with high levels of involvement in ethnic community voluntary associations. The impact of this on political participation is examined with data from a tuw generation study of Japanese Americans. The analysis shows that structural assimilation and involvement in the ethnic community can provide different but complementary mechanisms to integrate individuals into conventional politics.
Vector efficiency in multiparameter estimation

Abstract Relative efficiencies are studied through invariance in multiparameter estimation. Scalar efficiency indices, together with lower and upper bounds, are generated via invariant monotone functions, and are augmented to include tripartite efficiency numbers. Bounds on directed Fisher efficiencies emerge through generalized Rayleigh quotients. Applications are noted in improving estimators through conditioning, in comparing regular estimators with efficient estimators achieving their minimal dispersion bounds, and in comparing two second-order experimental designs.