cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concomitant typhlitis and Clostridium difficile colitis developed after first R-CHOP chemotherapy in a non-Hodgkin lymphoma patient

Typhlitis or neutropenic enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening condition that occurs in neutropenic patients. Early recognition is crucial owing to high death rate. We present a case of a 54-year-old man, diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma who received a first cycle of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin (doxorubicin), oncovin (vincristine), prednisolone (R-CHOP) chemotherapy 10 days prior presenting. He developed fever, mucositis, watery diarrhoea and right lower quadrant pain with rebound tenderness. He also had neutropenia, with an absolute neutrophil count of zero. CT abdomen confirmed the diagnosis of typhlitis, demonstrating characteristic terminal ileum, caecal and right-sided colon involvement. Moreover, stool PCR was also positive for toxigenic Clostridium difficile. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with concomitant typhlitis and C difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD). He was empirically treated with intravenous cefepime, intravenous metronidazole and oral vancomycin. His symptoms resolved in 10 days. This case illustrated a successful medical treatment of typhlitis in concomitance with CDAD.
Man Does Not Live by Reason Alone

Leszek Kolakowski, who died in 2009, was professor of philosophy at the University of Chicago and a fellow of All Souls College at Oxford University. His critical, magisterial study of the history of Marxism and his perpetual doubt and self-questioning, which led to a preoccupation with “the revenge of the sacred” in secular life, earned him a reputation as modern Europe's Erasmus. Just after he published Modernity on Endless Trial in 1991, Kolakowski sat down with me in his study at All Souls College. The following conversation was also published in Kolakowski's last book, My Correct Views on Everything.
Distribution of E2 strength in (28)Sn below 50 MeV excitation energy

Inelastic electron scattering in $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ between 4 and 50 MeV excitation energy reveals two concentrations of $E2$ strength in the continuum. One is between 15 and 20 MeV, with a peak at 17 MeV, and can be identified with the giant quadrupole resonance in the ground state oblate well. A broad distribution of $E2$ strength between 22 and 42 MeV is predominatly isovector in nature. In addition, a small but persistent $E2$ peak at 24 MeV was found, which may be interpreted as being the corresponding state in the prolate well to the 17 MeV resonance. It is shown that 50% or more of the photon cross section in excess of the classical dipole sum rule between 10 MeV and the pion threshold may be due to $E2$ absorption.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$($e$,${e}^{\ensuremath{'}}$), ${E}_{0}=92$ MeV. Measured $\frac{{d}^{2}\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d\ensuremath{\Omega}d{E}_{x}}$, bound and continuum states. Deduced multipolarity $\ensuremath{\lambda}$, reduced matrix element $B(E\ensuremath{\lambda})$, sum rule exhaustion.
Comment [on “Synchrotron sheds new light on geophysical materials”]

Thank you for the excellent synchrotron article (Eos, February 11, 1997, pp. 61–62). However, the “first light” experiments at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory on December 20, 1996, do not “mark the dawn of a new era of rock and mineral physics.” Third-generation synchrotron radiation sources have been used at the Cornell CHESS facility for geoscience research for many years. For example, we used this facility with Barnes Bierck and Tammo Steenhuis to study consolidation and flow in geophysical materials in 1994.
UNICEF policy and perspectives: child survival, population growth, environment and development

Abstract Rapid population growth is clearly a major problem in the world today. But to argue, as some do, that attempts to reduce child mortality by such means as vaccination should be abandoned, as a means of reducing population growth, is a fallacy for the following reasons. (i) Reducing child mortality has only a small effect on the population growth rate. (ii) Increasing child survival leads to a reduction in the numbers of children conceived. (iii) Population:land ratios are not the main source of environmental pressure. (iv) It is the affluence of developed countries which contributes mainly to the pressure on available resources. The policy of unicef is thus to improve maternal and child health, to support and extend family planning programmes, and to seek to reduce the prevalence of very early marriage and teenage pregnancy.
Correlations between the Transition Temperature of Nb 3 Ge and the Normal-State Resistivity

The correlation between superconducting transition temperature T/sub c/, and normal-state residual resistivity, rho/sub 0/, of Nb/sub 3/Ge films is discussed. Further experiments show that low-T/sub c/samples have greater normal-state residual resistivity than high-T/sub c/ samples. A strong correlation between T/sub c/ and rho/sub 0/ is proposed. The effect of residual disorder in the samples is discussed. 16 refs.
The eruption pattern of permanent teeth in miniature swine

Abstract Since miniature swine are being used extensively as a research animal and since the literature concerning tooth eruption of domestic swine is not very precise, it seemed advisable to observe and record tooth eruption in the miniature swine being used and to make comparisons between this strain and domestic swine. A total of 33 animals from six litters of Pitman-Moore swine were observed weekly until eruption of their permanent teeth was complete, a period from 16 to 136 wk of age. In addition to noting the range of eruption time for each tooth, a median was given—the time when the tooth was present in half of the sample. Comparison of median eruption times indicated earlier eruption for some teeth in males. A mean sequence of eruption for each arch was established for the group based on rank correlations and coefficients of concordance for each arch. The sequence of eruption was different in the two arches, with less variation in the mandibular pattern of eruption, but there was no significant difference in sequence due to sex. The eruption time and sequence noted for Pitman-Moore swine differed somewhat from that reported for domestic swine. Eruption appeared to be later in miniature swine, with the greatest difference noted for the maxillary arch. This may be attributed to limited observations of maxillary teeth in domestic swine, and the assumption that the time and sequence of eruption was the same as in the mandibular arch. No precise sequence of eruption in domestic swine was available for comparison, but general comparisons were made with the pattern of deciduous eruption in swine, and with the eruption patterns of human teeth.
Macrobenthic distribution and community structure in the upper navigation pools of the Upper Mississippi River

The northern section of the Upper Mississippi River supports a diverse macrobenthic assemblage. Distribution of this benthic fauna, benthic community structure, and factors which influences which influence both of these phenomena in these upper pools are reviewed. Dumping of heavy loads of municipal and industrial wastes from the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area has severely stressed the benthic community. Once abundant, pollution-sensitive mayflies, Hexagenia bilineata and H. limbata, are noticeably absent, replaced by pollution-tolerant oligochaetes and midges (notably Chironomus). Harmful effects of this pollution are not restricted to the area immediately downstream from the Twin Cities. In Lake Pepin, the Hexagenia population has suffered a drastic decline. The benthic community is characterized by low species diversity and a dominant, pollution-tolerant Chironomus plumosus — Oligochaeta — Sphaeriidae — Hirudinea community complex. Farther south, effects of the high organic load which originates approximately 226 km upstream are ameliorated. Inundation of large, diverse land areas contributes to the great ecological diversity in Pools No. 7 and No. 8. In Navigation Pool No. 7, benthic standing crops in the backwater pool areas (biomass range: 2.08–26.96 g m−2) exceed those in the main channel (biomass range: 0.05–1.02 g m−2). Greater numbers of burrowing mayflies and mollusks were found in the pool areas. Of 131 taxa collected from 1976–1977 in Lake Onalaska, which occupies most of Pool No. 7, eight dominant groups — Oligochaeta, Hirudinea, Isopoda, Amphipoda, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Gastropoda, and Pelecypoda — accounted for 90–93% of the macroinvertebrates. In Pool No. 8, over half of the 144 benthic taxa collected during the summer of 1975 were insect nymphs and larvae. Oligochaetes were by far the most ubiquitous and dominant macroinvertebrates. Habitat preferences of particular benthic forms reflected distributional relationships between macroinvertebrates and physical-chemical conditions. Benthic production, in terms of total wet weight m−2 and macroinvertebrate density in each study area, was generally greater in the more eutrophic areas. However, fewer taxa were supported in these areas. These taxa were generally pollution-tolerant organisms, such as oligochaetes and certain chironomids, which were capable of burrowing into depositional-type substrates. More taxa and greater numbers of gill breathers and filter feeders, such as caddisflies, mayflies, stoneflies, and dipterans, were collected from less eutrophic areas.
Recent results in nitrogen fluoride chemistry

Abstract A systematic study on the possible syntheses of NF + 4 salts containing complex fluoro anions derived from third row transition metals resulted in the preparation and characterization of (NF 4 ) 2 MnF 6 . A new method is reported for the synthesis of NF 4 + salts derived from polymeric nonvolatile Lewis acids which do not possess HF soluble cesium salts and therefore are not accessible by metathetical reactions. This method has been used to prepare NF 4 + UF 5 O − . The NF 4 + SO 3 F − salt has been prepared by metathesis in HF solution and was characterized. 15 Nitrogen substituted NF 4 AsF 6 was prepared, and a General Valence Force Field was computed for NF 4 + using the observed 14 N 15 N isotopic shifts. The CF 3 N 3 molecule was characterized and its fluorination was studied.
Modeling of a GaAs-Ge monolithic tandem solar cell

Abstract A model for the GaAs-Ge tandem solar cell with and without a AlGaAs window layer is described, in which a closed form solution for the J-V characteristics of the tandem solar cell is obtained using the integral form of the continuity equations. Based on the theoretical model, a computer simulation has been carried out to predict the device characteristics. The results of the device simulation are presented including J−V curves, conversion efficiency, fill factor, and the effects of series resistance and temperature.
Putting Small Metallacarboranes to Work: A Review

The prospects for developing useful applications based on the chemistry of transition metal complexes of nido -2,3-RR'C 2 B 4 H 4 2- and related small carborane ligands are reviewed, with primary emphasis on areas where their utility has been demonstrated in practice. Special attention is directed to the properties of small 6- and 7-vertex MC 2 B 3 and MC 2 B 4 clusters that distinguish them from their icosahedral metallacarborane congeners, and from structurally related metallocene sandwiches. A review with 43 references.
Acceleration of Second and Fourth Metatarsal Fracture Healing with Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2/Calcium Phosphate Cement in Horses

Objective— To compare the efficacy of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)/calcium phosphate (CP) to autogenous cancellous bone graft (CBG) and to no treatment on bone healing, in surgically induced osteotomies and ostectomies of the accessory metatarsal bones in an equine model. Study Design— Experimental. Animals— Adult horses (n=9). Methods— Segmental ostectomies of the second metatarsal bone (MT2) and osteotomies of the fourth metatarsal bone (MT4) were performed bilaterally in 9 horses. There were a total of 35 defects (1 MT4 was previously fractured) created and supplemented randomly either with no treatment (untreated control), rhBMP-2/CP cement, or matrix (CPC or CPM), or CBG. Radiography was performed every 2 weeks until study endpoint at 12 weeks. After euthanasia, bone healing was evaluated using radiography, mechanical testing, and histology. Data were analyzed with ANOVA followed by the Duncan's Multiple Range Test or nonparametric analyses. Results— At 12 weeks, radiographic scores for union were significantly greater for the rhBMP-2 (P<.0001) and CBG (P=.004) groups compared with the untreated control group, for both MT2 ostectomies and MT4 osteotomies. The rhBMP-2 treated MT2 had greater maximum torque to failure in torsion than CBG and control limbs at 12 weeks (P=.011). Histologic analysis demonstrated increased bone formation and more mature bone at the ostectomy site for MT2 in the rhBMP-2 and CBG groups compared with the untreated control group. Conclusion— Injection of rhBMP-2/CP into surgically induced ostectomies and osteotomies of the accessory metatarsal bones might accelerate early bone healing in the horse. Clinical Relevance— RhBMP-2/CP may be as effective if not superior to CBG as an adjuvant treatment to accelerate healing of bone defects.
Amplitude equations for polycrystalline materials with interaction between composition and stress

We investigate the ability of frame-invariant amplitude equations [G. H. Gunaratne, Q. Ouyang, and H. Swinney, Phys. Rev. E {\bf 50}, 2802 (1994)] to describe quantitatively the evolution of polycrystalline microstructures and we extend this approach to include the interaction between composition and stress. Validations for elemental materials include studies of the Asaro-Tiller-Grinfeld morphological instability of a stressed crystal surface, polycrystalline growth from the melt, grain boundary energies over a wide range of misorientation, and grain boundary motion coupled to shear deformation. Amplitude equations with accelerated strain relaxation in the solid are shown to model accurately the Asaro-Tiller-Grinfeld instability. Polycrystalline growth is also well described. However, the survey of grain boundary energies shows that the approach is only valid for a restricted range of misorientations as a direct consequence of an amplitude expansion. This range covers approximately half the complete range allowed by crystal symmetry for some fixed reference set of density waves used in the expansion. Over this range, coupled motion to shear is well described by known geometrical rules and a transition from coupling to sliding motion is also reproduced. Amplitude equations for alloys are derived phenomenologically in a Ginzburg-Landau spirit. Vegard's law is shown to be naturally described by seeking a gauge invariant form of those equations under a transformation that corresponds to a lattice expansion and deviations from Vegard's law can be easily incorporated. Those equations realistically describe the dilute alloy limit and have the same flexibility as conventional phase-field models for incorporating arbitrary free-energy/composition curves...
Ten Simple Rules To Combine Teaching and Research

The late Lindley J. Stiles famously made himself an advocate for teaching during his professorship at the University of Colorado: “If a better world is your aim, all must agree: The best should teach” (http://thebestshouldteach.org/). In fact, dispensing high-quality teaching and professional education is the primary goal of any university [1]. Thus, for most faculty positions in academia, teaching is a significant requirement of the job. Yet, the higher education programs offered to Ph.D. students do not necessarily incorporate any form of teaching exposure. We offer 10 simple rules that should help you to get prepared for the challenge of teaching while keeping some composure.
Structural characterization of an arabinose-containing heptadecasaccharide enzymically isolated from sycamore extracellular xyloglucan☆

Abstract An arabinose-containing heptadecasaccharide, generated by endoglucanase digestion of the xyloglucan secreted by suspension-cultured sycamore cells, was structurally characterized. The structure of the heptadecasaccharide was unambiguously determined through combined data generated by 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopic, fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometric, and glycosyl-composition and glycosyl-linkage analyses of the intact heptadecasaccharide and of oligosaccharide fragments of the heptadecasaccharide. 1D and 2D 1H-n.m.r. analyses provided data for assignment of the anomeric configurations of the glycosidic linkages, as well as information about the glycosylic and linkage compositions of the heptadecasaccharide. F.a.b.-m.s. data provided the molecular weight and supplied critical information about the glycosylic composition and glycosylic sequence of the heptadecasaccharide. The heptadecasaccharide was found to be a combination of previously characterized nona- and hepta-saccharide components of xyloglucan. The nonasaccharide was shown to be glycosidically linked to the heptasaccharide through C-4 and the β-glucosyl residue nearest to the nonreducing end of the heptasaccharide component. An arabinosyl residue was glycosidically linked at C-2 of the same β-glucosyl residue at the non-reducing end of the heptasaccharide component of the heptadecasaccharide. Although the presence of arabinosyl residues in sycamore xyloglucan has been recognized since 1973, the location of the arabinosyl residues had not been ascertained.
Commentary: Gene-environment interplay in the context of genetics, epigenetics, and gene expression.

ABSTRACT Objective: To comment on the article in this issue of the Journal by Professor Michael Rutter, “Environmentally Mediated Risks for Psychopathology: Research Strategies and Findings,” in the context of current research findings on gene-environment interaction, epigenetics, and gene expression. Method: Animal and human studies are reviewed that differentiate the role of gene expression in developmental biology and psychopathology as well as studies that begin to specify the biological mechanisms involved in determining how genotype is translated into phenotype. Results: Genetic instructions are not translated directly into phenotypic traits but are modified potentially at two levels: the transcription process wherein messenger RNA is produced, and translation when protein synthesis occurs. Interplay of genetic and environmental factors determines the final product of gene expression as measured by the when, where, and amount of protein synthesized. Epigenetic processes may operate at the level of messenger RNA to control gene expression. Conclusions: The field of developmental psychopathology is providing the theoretical and research framework to explore the conceptual space between the genome and the environment. Natural selection has provided mechanisms that operate within that space to facilitate adaptation to the environment. These mechanisms are more robust than genetics alone in determining the phenotype of each individual organism.
A study by the agar diffusion technique of precipitating antibody directed against blue tongue virus and its relation to homotypic neutralizing antibody.

The technique of agar diffusion was applied to a study of blue tongue virus antigens prepared from infected mouse brains, chicken embryos, and cell culture fluid. Antigens from these different sources, contributing to precipitate formation, appeared to be virus-specific, noninfectious and serologically indistinguishable one from another in the systems tested.
Constructing 3-D Wind Fields for Nellis Dunes in Nevada

An h-adaptive, mass consistent finite element model (FEM) is used to construct 3-D wind fields over irregular terrain utilizing sparse meteorological tower data. The element size in the computational domain is dynamically controlled by a–posteriori error estimator based on the L2 norm. In the h-adaptive FEM algorithm, large element sizes are typically associated with computational regions where the flow is smooth and small errors; small element sizes are attributed to fast changing flow regions and large errors. The adaptive procedure uses mesh refinement/unrefinement to satisfy error criteria. The application of a mass consistent approach essentially poses a least-squares problem in the computational domain. Preliminary results are obtained for constructing 3-D wind fields for Nellis Dunes in Nevada.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Cooperative strategy and new venture performance: The role of business strategy and management experience

This paper reports the results of a study of new ventures which examine the relationships between performance and the experience of a new venture's management team, its choice of competitive strategy, and its use of various cooperative arrangements. The findings of the moderated regression analysis indicate that cooperative arrangements are most beneficial to those new ventures whose management teams possess the most experience.
Innovative training in pediatrics, general psychiatry, and child psychiatry: background, outcomes, and experiences.

Objectives The authors describe the history, rationale, and outcomes of combined training programs in pediatrics, psychiatry, and child psychiatry (“triple board”), including narrative feedback from graduates and reflections upon the important components of the program.
An outline of a capacity planning course

An outline of a capacity planning course is presented which SIGCSE members may find useful for designing an entire performance evaluation course or a component of an operating systems or modeling course. Topics referenced in the outline include: workload characterization and forecasting, performance prediction, tuning, measurement monitors, and commercially available tools.
Supply network capacity planning for semiconductor manufacturing with uncertain demand and correlation in demand considerations

Abstract A semiconductor supply network involves many expensive steps, which have to be executed to serve global markets. The complexity of global capacity planning combined with the large capital expenditures to increase factory capacity makes it important to incorporate optimization methodologies for cost reduction and long-term planning. The typical view of a semiconductor supply network consists of layers for wafer fab, sort, assembly, test and demand centers. We present a two-stage stochastic integer-programming formulation to model a semiconductor supply network. The model makes strategic capacity decisions, (i.e., build factories or outsource) while accounting for the uncertainties in demand for multiple products. We use the model not only to analyze how variability in demand affects the make/buy decisions but also to investigate how the correlation between demands of different products affects these strategic decisions. Finally, we demonstrate the value of incorporating demand uncertainty into a decision-making scheme.
The potentiating effect of naloxone upon apomorphine-induced hyperthermia.

Abstract Intravenous or intracerebroventricular pretreatment with the narcotic antagonist naloxone in rabbits significantly enhanced the magnitude of the hyperthermic response to the dopaminergic agonist apomorphine. Naloxone did not potentiate the hyperthermic action of either amphetamine or lysergic acid diethylamide. Apomorphine-in induced hyperthermia was sensitive to antagonism by haloperidol, cyproheptadine and p-chlorophenylalanine. However in rabbits pretreated with any of the above antagonists, administration of naloxone five minutes prior to apomorphine challenge restored the hyperthermic effect of apomorphine. Increasing the dose of the apomorphine challenge likewise surmounted the antagonism. It was concluded from these data that naloxone exerts a potentiating influence upon apomorphine drug effect in naive rabbits as well as rabbits pretreated with antagonists of apomorphine-induced hyperthermia.
Mammary analog secretory carcinoma of salivary glands: a report of 2 cases in the lips.

Objective This study presents 2 cases of labial mammary analog secretory carcinoma (MASC) including diagnostic criteria and a review of literature. MASC has not been previously described in the dental literature. Design Two cases of MASC and 1 case of acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) of the lips were reviewed for their microscopic and immunohistochemical features. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the ETV6–NTRK3 translocation was performed. The clinical features of 65 cases previously described in the medical literature are reviewed. Results MASCs had hematoxylin and eosin features similar to those of ACC but demonstrated larger, globular periodic acid–Schiff positive deposits, whereas ACC had finer granular deposits. MASCs were strongly positive for S100, vimentin, and mammaglobin, whereas ACC was negative for S100 and vimentin and only focally mammaglobin positive. FISH demonstrated that MASCs were positive for ETV6 disruption. Conclusion MASCs are newly described, can occur in a wide age range, favor males, and can be misinterpreted as ACC or adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified by routine microscopy.
Human T-lymphocyte serine proteases (granzymes) 1, 2, and 3 mediated DNA fragmentation in susceptible target cells

Abstract We reported the characterization of three serine proteases (granzymes 1, 2, and 3) from human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In this study, human granzymes 1,2, and 3 were purified from the cytoplasmic granules of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells by gel filtration and cation exchange chromatography. Human perforin was purified by phenyl superose and heparin—agarose chromatography. Each purified granzyme was used with purified perforin to study DNA fragmentation in target cells of both human and murine origin. As measured by agarose gel electrophoresis and [ 125 I]dUrd assay, the granzymes induced oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation and [ 125 I]dUrd release respectively from various target cells. Murine target cells were generALLy more susceptible to nuclear DNA release than were human targets. Both enzyme activity and nuclear DNA breakdown were significantly inhibited by 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin (DCI) or by heat inactivation of each granzyme. Perforin alone or granzyme alone failed to fragment nuclear DNA in various target cells. We conclude that human granzymes are an important family of effector molecules that with perforin induce DNA fragmentation in susceptible target cells.
A motor control system design with a motor controller chip

The design of a motor control system using a Hewlett Packard HCTL-1000 motion control chip is described. The system is a self-contained unit for the control of DC motors, DC brushless motors, and stepper motors. The system consists of a controller and a motor driver. Motor drivers are designed for three- and four-phase DC brushless motors, three- and four-phase stepper motors, and DC motors. Software commands are written for operating the motor control systems. The software program includes commands needed for system start-up, control mode selection, reading of motor position/velocity, stop or continue, and input/output a digital signal for external interaction. Multiple controllers can be used for multiaxis motion control. The control algorithm for each axis is implemented by its own controller, and their actions are coordinated by a synchronizing signal. >
Corporate Finance, Incomplete Contracts, and Corporate Control

This essay in celebration of Grossman and Hart (GH) (Grossman, S., and H. Oliver. 1986. "The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration," 94 Journal of Political Economy 691–719.) discusses how the introduction of incomplete contracts has fundamentally changed economists’ perspectives on corporate finance and control. Before GH, the dominant theory in corporate finance was the tradeoff theory pitting the tax advantages of debt (relative to equity) against bankruptcy costs. After GH, this theory has been enriched by the introduction of control considerations and investor protection issues. This essay assesses how our understanding of corporate finance has been improved as a result and where the incomplete contracts perspective has not yet been successfully applied. (JEL G30, G32, G33).
The L49F mutation in alpha erythroid spectrin induces local disorder in the tetramer association region: Fluorescence and molecular dynamics studies of free and bound alpha spectrin

The bundling of the N-terminal, partial domain helix (Helix C′) of human erythroid α-spectrin (αI) with the C-terminal, partial domain helices (Helices A′ and B′) of erythroid β-spectrin (βI) to give a spectrin pseudo structural domain (triple helical bundle A′B′C′) has long been recognized as a crucial step in forming functional spectrin tetramers in erythrocytes. We have used apparent polarity and Stern–Volmer quenching constants of Helix C′ of αI bound to Helices A′ and B′ of βI, along with previous NMR and EPR results, to propose a model for the triple helical bundle. This model was used as the input structure for molecular dynamics simulations for both wild type (WT) and αI mutant L49F. The simulation output structures show a stable helical bundle for WT, but not for L49F. In WT, four critical interactions were identified: two hydrophobic clusters and two salt bridges. However, in L49F, the region downstream of Helix C′ was unable to assume a helical conformation and one critical hydrophobic cluster was disrupted. Other molecular interactions critical to the WT helical bundle were also weakened in L49F, possibly leading to the lower tetramer levels observed in patients with this mutation-induced blood disorder.
An Audience Interpretation of Corporate Communication in a Cause-Related Corporate Outreach Event: The Avon Breast Cancer 3-Day Walk:

Drawing upon a cultural studies perspective, this study investigates the audience role in shaping corporate involvement in social issues – identified as cause-related corporate outreach. We assert that, more than consumer, voter, or passive receptor of corporate messages, the audience is an active participant in the communication process.This case study of the Avon Breast Cancer 3-Day Walk, one of the most visible fitness-based fundraising events, examines the meaning individual participants construct during their involvement in the event. The study provides a context in which public relations practitioners and scholars alike can better understand the role corporate communication plays in defining and preserving community and social values. This understanding can help corporations build communication that resonates with specific publics and is more beneficial to all involved. The research also extends public relations theory. It develops a cultural understanding of the growing phenomenon of corporate invo...
Surface conductance, syneresis and adhesion

Electric surface conductivity χ of purified polyethylene wax in nearly saturated water vapor was about 8 × 10−13 mho and in vapor of 0.5% aqueous NH3 about 17 × 10−12 mho. When 0.1% oleic acid (OA) was added to the wax, χ in the 0.5% NH3 vapor was not markedly changed but it was greater at 0.2% and higher concentrations; at 1% OA it was 2 × 10−10 mho. These results show that surface conductance (a) may be “developed” by vapors, (b) can be used to detect the onset of syneresis, and (c) is the bulk conductance of the surface film, and, further, that in the polyethylene-OA system syneresis occurs between 0.1% and 0.2% OA as was deduced from the strength of adhesive joints made with mixtures of OA and polyethylene. Thus, the results confirm the “weak boundary layer” theory of adhesion.
Scheduling of precedence-constrained tasks on multiprocessors

We investigate several approaches to statically assign and schedule the tasks in order to achieve maximum parallelism and minimum communication overhead in both fully-connected and hypercube multiprocessor ensembles. Three simple heuristic techniques and an adaptation of simulated annealing are described. Results of computational experimentation provide a comparative analysis of the performance of these heuristic approaches
A STUDY OF ORGANIC SOLVENT COMPONENT IN THE EMULSION SYSTEM FOR DECONTAMINATION OF POLYMER-THICKENED CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS

ABSTRACT The effects of the mixing process and pH on the available chlorine content of the decontaminant calcium hypochlorite (or high-test hypochlorite, HTH) in the organic solvent-HTH-water mixture have been studied in order to develop new emulsion systems for the decontamination of polymer-thickened chemical warfare agents. A series of water-soluble and water-insoluble organic solvents were investigated. The observed temperature increase during the mixing of the water-soluble organic solvents with HTH and water was found to be mostly resulted from the mixing enthalpy of the solvent with water. It can be minimized by using a new mixing procedure. The effectiveness of HTH as the decontaminant was evaluated by monitoring the available chlorine content of the system at various time intervals after mixing. An increase in the basicity of the solvent-HTH-water system generally leads to a higher chlorine content. For the systems with the water-insoluble organic solvents, there was neither noticeable increase i...
Superiorly based pharyngeal flap and posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation

Creating the structural elements necessary for velopharyngeal closure is the essential goal of surgical correction of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Collaboration with speech pathologists is essential for maximal outcome. The author describes his techniques for surgical correction of VPI using a superiorly based pharyngeal flap, the workhorse for velopharyngeal surgery. In some children with VPI, the defect is more limited, and alternative procedures, which are also described in this articles, exist to correct the resonance problem while minimizing the potential for obstructive complications associated with a pharyngeal flap.
DNA detection and seroprevalence of human papillomavirus in a cohort of adolescent women.

Objectives Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are common in adolescent women, while the rare cancerous sequelae of HPV infections do not generally occur until the 4th or 5th decades of life. This prospective study of a cohort of adolescent women was performed to further our knowledge of the natural history of incident and prevalent HPV infections. Methods Self-vaginal swabs collected from high-risk, unvaccinated adolescent women in a longitudinal study were analysed for HPV DNA. Sera were collected at enrolment and later tested for HPV antibodies. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the HPV genotype distribution and duration of detection, and to determine rates of seropositivity and seroconversion for HPV types represented in the assays. Results 146 subjects (mean enrolment age=15.4 years; mean duration of follow-up=5.8 years) had samples adequate for analysis of HPV detection, and 95 of these subjects had paired sera available. The cumulative prevalence for high-risk and low-risk HPV types was 95.9% and 91.1%, respectively. HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 (HPV types represented in the quadrivalent vaccine) were found at some point in 40.4%, 6.2%, 48% and 24% of participants, respectively. Serological data confirmed exposure to these vaccine-covered types, as well as to other high-risk HPV types. Conclusions In this cohort of adolescent women, high- and low-risk HPV types were frequently detected, and serological data confirmed exposure in most subjects. The high-prevalence HPV types represented in the quadrivalent HPV vaccine further support vaccination of women at an age well before sexual debut.
Using National Data to Estimate Average Cost Effectiveness of EFNEP Outcomes by State/Territory

This report demonstrates how existing national data can be used to first calculate upper limits on the average cost per participant and per outcome per state/territory for the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP). These upper limits can then be used by state EFNEP administrators to obtain more precise estimates for their states, based on their state-specific knowledge. Across all states, EFNEP appears most cost effective in nutrition practices, followed by food resource management practices, and then food safety practices. All but 3 states have cost per quality adjusted life years that are considered cost effective.
The development of a modified Hansen-Woodyard condition to include attenuation for leaky-wave endfire antennas

To enhance the directivity of a continuous endfire array, Hansen and Woodyard proposed that the phase constant be increased from the usual endfire value s = k 0 to an optimum value given by [1]
From “Good Will” to “Anachronism” Racial Discourse, Shifting Demographics, and the Role of School Desegregation in the Public Good

This article explores the challenges that have made the pursuit of school integration difficult in the contemporary era. Using court records and newspaper archives, we explore how a New York City s...
Public Attitudes Toward Health Care Spending Aren’t The Problem; Prices Are

Does the United States spend more on medical care than other nations because Americans desire more medical care than other populations do and dislike constraints on health spending? We argue that the public is not the main barrier to successful cost control in the United States. The preoccupation with excessive demand as the cause of and rationing as the cure for U.S. health spending overlooks an alternative explanation for that spending: higher prices. There is evidence that price regulation can constrain spending and that the public will support that cost-control approach.
Co-Design of Interdisciplinary Projects as a Mechanism for School Capacity Growth.

This article examines the use of interdisciplinary project co-design, as a mechanism for increasing the capacity of a school and promoting the growth of teachers’ professional practice in an urban high school setting. Changing teaching practices and the professional culture within a school can be extremely difficult. Simply providing resources about novel strategies can be ineffective. In fact, in some school cultures, suggestions for classroom practice change can be received with hostility, being viewed by some teachers as acts questioning their professional competence. This study describes how a strategically chosen task, interdisciplinary project co-design, was used by external technical assistance providers as a productive, non-threatening mechanism for instructional improvement, by simultaneously enhancing classroom practices and cultivating the growth of teacher collaborative practices.
Work and Love: Their Relationship in Adulthood

The ability to work and to love, according to Freud, is what defines a healthy adult. Work and love have been studied extensively, but usually separately, although recent attention has been given to how to balance the two. There has been little research, however, that focuses on the relationship of one domain to the other. The purpose of this study was to uncover the ways in which work and love relate in adult life. Qualitative data were collected from 405 adults who charted their assessment, by year, of their work and loverelated life events. These data were augmented with data from 19 in-depth interviews. Three distinct relational patterns (parallel, steady/fluctuating, and divergent) of work and love were uncovered.
Addressing the Insider Threat

In their guest editors' introduction to the special issue on Insider Threat, Shari Lawrence Pfleeger and Salvatore Stolfo describe a taxonomy of insiders and their unwelcome actions, as well as the need for credible data to document the size and nature of the insider threat. They suggest that the three articles in the special issue shed light not only on how to generate data for further study but also on how to use the data in models that can help evaluate the likely effects of various responses. The introduction ends with a matrix showing the variety of sensible and effective responses that must be sensitive to the organizations, systems, environments, and individuals involved with inappropriate insider behavior.
A model industrial effectiveness program

Recent improvements in manufacturing concepts and technology, increased competitive pressures, and the need to insure faculty development and modern educational facilities require new forms of industry-academic liaison. Consequently, a prototype program has been developed at the State University of New York College at Buffalo that links faculty expertise and industrial needs to dramatically enhance faculty development and compensation, improve facilities, and increase the productivity of regional industry. Major program results include the provision of low-cost technical services for regional industry; enhancement of faculty expertise; funding for development activities and equipment acquisitions; involvement of students in industrial operations; incorporation of current materials into the instructional program; increased institutional visibility; expanded opportunities for program graduates; and a $20000 endowed scholarship for disadvantaged students enabled by contributed faculty efforts. >
Elevated soluble IL‐2Rα, IL‐8, and MIP‐1β levels are associated with inferior outcome and are independent of MIPI score in patients with mantle cell lymphoma

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a unique type of lymphoma with a prognosis intermediate between indolent and aggressive types. The purpose of this study was to study blood cytokine levels in newly diagnosed and relapsed MCL patients with respect to patterns of abnormalities and relationship to the MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI) score. We analyzed blood levels of 30 cytokines using a multiplex ELISA in 88 patients with newly diagnosed MCL (pre-treatment levels) and 20 with relapsed MCL and compared them with controls without known lymphoma. Elevated cytokine levels were compared with clinical outcome and the MIPI score. In the 88 newly diagnosed MCL patients, we found significantly elevated levels compared with controls of IL-12, IP-10, sIL-2Rα, MIG, IL-1RA, IL-8, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β (all P < 0.05). Of these elevated cytokines, sIL-2Rα, IL-8, MIG, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β were predictive of inferior event-free survival, and sIL-2Rα (HR = 1.94; P = 0.038), IL-8 (HR = 2.17; P = 0.015), and MIP-1β (HR = 2.10; P = 0.016) were independent of MIPI score; only sIL-2Rα (HR = 2.35; P = 0.041) was associated with overall survival after adjustment for MIPI. In the relapsed MCL patient group, the only significantly elevated plasma cytokines that predicted EFS were sIL-2Rα (HR = 2.90; P = 0.04) and IL-8 (HR = 3.75; P = 0.02). Elevated blood levels of sIL-2Rα and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and MIP-1β are poor prognostic factors in MCL patients and independent of MIPI score. These factors, if validated, will provide important additions to the MIPI and guide the development of new therapies for patients with elevated levels of these cytokines. Am. J. Hematol. 89:E223–E227, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Helium pressure shift of the hyperfine clock transition in 201 Hg

There are two stable odd isotopes of mercury with singly ionized hyperfine structure suitable for a microwave atomic clock: 199Hg+ and 201Hg+. We are investigating the viability of a trapped ion clock based on 201Hg+ in a configuration that uses a buffer gas to increase ion loading efficiency and counter ion heating from rf trapping fields. Traditionally, either helium or neon is used as the buffer gas at ∼10−5 torr to confine mercury ions near room temperature. In addition to the buffer gas, other residual background gasses such as H 2 O, N 2 , O 2 , CO, CO 2 , and CH 4 may be present in trace quantities. Collisions between trapped ions and buffer gas or background gas atoms/molecules produce a momentary shift of the ion clock transition frequency and constitute one of the largest systematic effects in this type of clock. Here we report an initial measurement of the He pressure shift in 201Hg+ and compare this to 199Hg+.
Quality Evaluation of Edible Film‐Coated Chicken Strips and Frying Oils

ABSTRACT: Methyl cellulose (MC) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) edible film materials were applied to marinated whole chicken strips either prior to breading, after breading, or were incorporated in the breading. Subsequently, the influence of an edible film's location relative to the crust on fried food product quality and the quality of the frying oil were determined. Films applied to chicken strips prior to the breading had fried crusts with higher fat and lower moisture levels. Decreased degradation of frying oils was recorded when product coated with HPMC (food grade E4M) films had been fried compared to non-coated product. It is postulated that these edible films hindered the migration of moisture and acetic acid into the frying oil and this activity was responsible for reduced free fatty acid generation in those oils used to fry the coated products.
Assessment of Hydrometeor Collection Rates from Exact and Approximate Equations. Part II: Numerical Bounding

Abstract Past microphysical investigations, including Part I of this study, have noted that the collection equation, when applied to the interaction between different hydrometeor species, can predict large mass transfer rates, even when an exact solution is used. The fractional depletion in a time step can even exceed unity for the collected species with plausible microphysical conditions and time steps, requiring “normalization” by a microphysical scheme. Although some of this problem can be alleviated through the use of more moment predictions and hydrometeor categories, the question as to why such “overdepletion” can be predicted in the first place remains insufficiently addressed. It is shown through both physical and conceptual arguments that the explicit time discretization of the bulk collection equation for any moment is not consistent with a quasi-stochastic view of collection. The result, under certain reasonable conditions, is a systematic overprediction of collection, which can become a seriou...
A land-use allocation optimization model to mitigate potential seismic damages

Seismic hazard mitigation is becoming an important consideration in planning for disaster-resilient cities. Seismic hazard and urban vulnerability are the two major factors in the assessment of seismic risk. Peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground displacement (PGD) are the two major measures of seismic hazards, and land-use and building patterns characterize urban vulnerability. A set of pseudodata is generated by an earthquake-engineering simulation model for the city of Taichung, Taiwan, using twenty-two significant historical seismic events. A seismic damage model is first statistically estimated, relating monetary building damages to seismic impacts (PGA and PGD) and building inventories (residential, commercial, industrial, government). This damage function is then incorporated into a seismic land-use optimization model to allocate future land uses to the available land while minimizing aggregate seismic damages. Solving the model under the twenty-two seismic events and under different regional growth scenarios generates robust site rankings, pointing to priority locations for future activities away from the most severe historical earthquakes. These rankings can help decision makers allocate future activities under the uncertainty of both regional development and seismic hazard
Iterative function separation for gene regulatory function identification

In this work, we pose the problem of gene regulatory function identification using a new general framework based on function separation. We prove the uniqueness of the solution within this framework in an almost always sense. Additionally, we develop an iterative scheme, called iterative function separation (IFS), which is guaranteed to converge to a solution. Both these results together guarantee the computation of the unique solution. We also develop theoretical limits on the number of gene expression level measurements (time samples) sufficient to uniquely reconstruct the network. The proposed method (IFS) is validated using synthetic networks both within and outside of the modeling domain of the new framework.