cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in circadian rhythms of several variables in lymphoreticular organs, liver, kidney, and corneal epithelium in adult CD2F1 mice.

In this paper data resulting from an investigation into the influence of sex on selected circadian rhythms in lymphoreticular organs, liver, kidney, and corneal epithelium of adult CD2F1 mice are reported. Increased organ weight, total DNA and RNA in the spleen, total DNA and [3H thymidine ([3H]TdR)] incorporation into DNA in the thymus, and [3H]TdR incorporation into DNA in the liver and bone marrow in female mice compared to male littermates is demonstrated. In contrast, kidney weight and [3H]TdR incorporation into DNA as well as the corneal epithelium mitotic index are greater in male mice. Except for the corneal epithelium mitotic index and total splenic RNA and DNA, circadian rhythmicity in the variables studied is validated using the cosinor method of rhythmometric analysis in male but not in female mice. The lack of sinusoidal rhythmicity in female mice is presumed to be due to asynchrony of estrous cycling between mice within this group. Moreover, a differential organ response to exogenous testosterone enthanate is reported. The administration of this hormone suppresses [3H]TdR incorporation into DNA in the thymus and liver but not in the spleen or bone marrow at 18, 42, or 72 hr after injection.
KELVIN CIRCULATION IN A CRANKED ANISOTROPIC OSCILLATOR + BCS MEAN FIELD

The Kelvin circulation vector is the hermitian kinematical observable that measures the true character of nuclear rotation. For a rotating deformed nucleus modeled by a selfconsistent cranked anisotropic oscillator mean field with BCS pairing, the expectation value of the Kelvin circulation operator depends upon the deformation and upon the strength of the pairing field. For zero pairing, the circulation acquires its rigid rotor value. As the pairing field increases, the circulation tends to zero, the irrotational flow limit. At critical values of the pairing field, the deformation and circulation make abrupt phase transitions.
Reasons for Quitting and Smoking Temptation among Adolescent Smokers: Gender Differences

Adolescent cigarette smokers from randomly selected classrooms from 24 California and Illinois high schools were assessed regarding their interest in cessation, reasons for quitting, and smoking temptation circumstances. These data were analyzed by gender. Males and females were not found to differ in quit stage or perceived likelihood of ever quitting smoking, although males reported being somewhat more likely to have ever tried to quit in the past. The associations of reasons for quitting were not found to vary by gender in most comparisons. On the other hand, the associations of smoking temptation circumstances with gender showed that a greater percentage of females than males reported more circumstances that would make them tempted to smoke. Smoking cigarettes to regulate one's affective states, and to avoid nicotine withdrawal, may be functions of smoking that impede efforts at quitting, particularly among adolescent females.
VII. The aqueous fusion of glass, its relation to pressure and temperature. First paper

(1899). VII. The aqueous fusion of glass, its relation to pressure and temperature. First paper. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 47, No. 284, pp. 104-109.
Behavioral responses to light gradients, olfactory cues, and prey in larvae of two North Pacific gadids ( Gadus macrocephalus and Theragra chalcogramma )

The growth and survival of larvae can be significantly enhanced through close association with patches of high prey concentration. However, the taxis and kinesis responses used by larvae to locate and maintain residence in micro-patches remains poorly understood. In this study, the behavioral responses of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) larvae (45–100 dph) to light, prey scent, and prey were examined. Both species displayed an ontogenetic shift in response to a horizontal light gradient, with small larvae (11–13 mm SL) exhibiting a positive phototaxis and large larvae (23–32 mm SL) exhibiting a negative phototaxis. Whether this reversal is related to ontogenetically appropriate foraging cues or some other aspect of the environment remains to be determined. Neither species displayed significant behavioral responsiveness to the introduction of olfactory prey cues at either size. The aggregating (taxis) response of large larvae to introduction of live prey was stronger than that of small larvae, possibly due to increased reaction distances and encounter rates. In addition, both species exhibited a kinesis response of reducing the frequency of swimming bouts in response to introduction of live prey. These results suggest that the scale of prey patchiness and the physical factors that determine patch encounter rates are a significant determinant of larval growth and survival in the early feeding stages of marine fishes.
The Reduction of a General Complex Matrix to a Condensed Form by Bounded Single Element Transformations

Abstract An algorithm is proposed to reduce by elementary similarity transformations a general complex matrix to the most condensed form obtainable. As many off diagonal elements of the transformed matrix are made to vanish as is possible, subject to the requirement that numerical stability be maintained. For any input matrix, all elements below the diagonal are transformed to zero. Using a two-part algorithm, elements above the diagonal are also eliminated when this can be done with numerical stability. The first part attempts to eliminate all elements above the diagonal; if this is possible, a diagonal transformed matrix is obtained. When this first step fails to zero all elements above the diagonal, the second part of the algorithm attempts to eliminate all elements which remain above the first superdiagonal elements; if this is possible, a matrix in Jordan canonical form is obtained. In more difficult cases some non-zero matrix elements above the superdiagonal remain because their elimination would have destroyed the numerical stability of the results. These condensed matrices are useful in simplifying the formation of various matrix functions. Because of the numerical stability of the algorithm one can be confident of the accuracy of these matrix functions.
Separations in Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Microchips Coated with Supported Bilayer Membranes

Hybrid microchannels composed of poly(dimethylsiloxane) and glass were coated with supported bilayer membranes (SBMs) by the process of vesicle fusion. The electroosmotic mobility (μeo) of zwitterionic, positively charged, and negatively charged phospholipid membranes was measured over a 4 h time to evaluate the stability of the coatings in an electric field. Coated microchips with a simple cross design were used to separate the fluorescent dyes fluorescein and Oregon Green. Migration time reproducibility was better than 5% RSD over 70 min of continuous separations. Separation of Oregon Green and fluorescein in channels coated with zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine (PC) membranes yielded efficiencies of 611,000 and 499,000 plates/m and a resolution of 2.4 within 2 s. Both zwitterionic and negatively charged membranes were used to separate peptide substrates from their phosphorylated analogues with efficiencies of 200,000−400,000 plates/m. Notably, separations of fluorescently labeled ABL substrate peptide ...
An electron-impact investigation of the singlet → triplet transitions in the chloro-substituted ethylenes

Abstract The low energy electron-impact energy-loss spectra of the six chlorinated derivatives of ethylene have been studied at impact energies from 25 to 100 eV and at scattering angles from 10° to 90°. In each molecule, the N → T singlet → triplet transition has been detected with a maximum intensity at an energy loss which shifts front 4.13 in vinyl chloride to 3.54 eV in tetrachloroethylene.
PharmGKB Submission Update: VIII. PBAT Submission of Genetic Variation in VKORC1 to the PharmGKB Network

Category: genotype Project: Pharmacogenetics, Biomarkers, and Antithrombotic Therapy [Table 1][1] provides the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) symbol, PharmGKB submission URL, submission date, and release date. [Table 2][2] provides the HGNC symbol, HGNC name, synonym, GenBank accession
Online discovery of similarity mappings

We consider the problem of choosing, sequentially, a map which assigns elements of a set A to a few elements of a set B. On each round, the algorithm suffers some cost associated with the chosen assignment, and the goal is to minimize the cumulative loss of these choices relative to the best map on the entire sequence. Even though the offline problem of finding the best map is provably hard, we show that there is an equivalent online approximation algorithm, Randomized Map Prediction (RMP), that is efficient and performs nearly as well. While drawing upon results from the "Online Prediction with Expert Advice" setting, we show how RMP can be utilized as an online approach to several standard batch problems. We apply RMP to online clustering as well as online feature selection and, surprisingly, RMP often outperforms the standard batch algorithms on these problems.
A self-checking predictor-corrector algorithm for efficient evaluation of reflector antenna radiation integrals

An efficient algorithm for numerically evaluating diffraction integrals is presented. The algorithm employs a predictor-corrector scheme combined with Ludwig's (1968) integration procedure. The predictor-corrector eliminates the amplitude and phase ambiguities present in the real+imaginary algebra used in machine calculations and provides accuracy self-checking capabilities. The end result is a reliable and efficient integration method that does not require independent integrand phase information, can handle arbitrarily shaped integration domains, and is capable of monitoring its own accuracy as the integration proceeds. The performance of the algorithm is investigated by computing, using the physical optics technique, the electromagnetic field scattered by representative reflector antenna geometries. These tests demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is particularly efficient in the analysis of multi-reflector systems. >
Penal optimism and second chances: The legacies of American Protestantism and the prospects for penal reform

This article first makes the case that optimism in the reform potential of criminal offenders has recently increased among American policymakers, as evidenced by the bipartisan passage of the Second Chance Act of 2007, which encourages prisoner reentry and sets ambitious targets for recidivism reduction. It then sets this apparent renewal of 'penal optimism' in historical context by drawing on American evangelical Protestant traditions and examining how these affect contemporary perceptions of the redeemability of criminal offenders. One aim is to acquaint criminologists with the discourse of evangelical Protestantism, a significant and driving force in contemporary penal reform efforts - particularly in the realm of prisoner reentry - by outlining key religious concepts and their implications for penal discourse and policy. Language: en
Infinite exponent partition relations and well-ordered choice

The study of partition relations for cardinal numbers introduced by Erdos and his school in the 1950's has, for the past several years, had a profound impact in logic. Unfortunately, quite early in their development, it was noticed by Rado [1] that the potentially most fruitful class of such relations, infinite exponent partition relations, were always in contradiction with the axiom of choice (AC). As a result, such relations were overlooked. This turned out to be a mistake; for, as has been noticed recently, a close study of infinite exponent partition relations is both interesting and rewarding. For example, there are weakened versions of such relations which are provable in ZF and which have valuable applications in recursion theory and set theory. In addition, the pure theory of these relations, like that of the axiom of determinateness, is fruitful as well as elegant. For more background here one should refer to [3].At any rate, with a more detailed look at infinite exponent partition relations came a more refined version of Rado's original theorem. Specifically, Rado used the full axiom of choice to carefully construct partitions to violate any desired relation—a more sophisticated look at the actual theory of such relations indicated how one could put together some desired partitions using only well-ordered choice [3].The distinction between well-ordered choice and full choice is by no means vacuous in this context. For Mathias has shown [4] that the simplest infinite exponent partition relation, ω → (ω)ω, is consistent with countable choice (well-ordered choice of length ℵ0) and, in fact, is consistent with dependent choice.
Rwanda's speaking subjects: the inescapable affiliations of Boubacar Boris Diop's Murambi

It is a truism that the modern African novel comes into its own with nationalism. Achebe's, Armah's and Sembene's novels of the 1960s all work to galvanise complex African realities at the point of...
Long-Term Control of Alloreactive B Cell Responses by the Suppression of T Cell Help

Alloantibodies can play a key role in acute and chronic allograft rejection. However, relatively little is known of factors that control B cell responses following allograft tolerance induction. Using 3-83 Igi mice expressing an alloreactive BCR, we recently reported that allograft tolerance was associated with the sustained deletion of the alloreactive B cells at the mature, but not the immature, stage. We have now investigated the basis for the long-term control of alloreactive B cell responses in a non-BCR-transgenic model of C57BL/6 cardiac transplantation into BALB/c recipients treated with anti-CD154 and transfusion of donor-specific spleen cells. We demonstrate that the long-term production of alloreactive Abs by alloreactive B cells is actively regulated in tolerant BALB/c mice through the dominant suppression of T cell help. Deletion of CD25(+) cells resulted in a loss of tolerance and an acquisition of the ability to acutely reject allografts. In contrast, the restoration of alloantibody responses required both the deletion of CD25(+) cells and the reconstitution of alloreactive B cells. Collectively, these data suggest that alloreactive B cell responses in this model of tolerance are controlled by dominant suppression of T cell help as well as the deletion of alloreactive B cells in the periphery.
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AND LETHAL ASSAULTS AGAINST POLICE

This investigation provides a multivariate analysis of the deferrent effect of the death penalty on the rate of lethal assaults against the police. Examining statelevel data for the period 1961 to 1971, we hypothesize a significant inverse relationship between the rate of police killings and (1) the statutory provision for capital punishment and (2) the execution rate of convicted murderers. Contrary to the deferrence hypotheses, no support is found for the argument that the provision and use of the death penalty provides an added measure of protection for the police. Rather, variation in police killings rates, like the general homicide rate, would appear to be largely a function of various sociodemographic factors.
High Molecular Weight Microtubule-associated Proteins Contain O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine

We have examined the post-translational modification of high molecular weight microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and have shown that MAP1, MAP2, and MAP4 are glycosylated. The presence of carbohydrate residues on these proteins was indicated by labeling with biotin hydrazide following periodate oxidation, a specific and well established method for detecting saccharide moieties on proteins. Both MAP2 and MAP4 were also labeled in vitro by UDP-[3H]galactose in the presence of galactosyltransferase. Labeling by galactosyltransferase indicated that MAP2 and MAP4 contained terminal nonreducing GlcNAc residues, and they appeared to be O-linked to the proteins as shown by their sensitivity to β-elimination. Chromatographic analysis showed that the GlcNAc residues were directly linked to the proteins as monosaccharides. Thus, we have added MAP2 and MAP4 to the list of intracellular O-GlcNAc-modified proteins, which includes other cytoskeletal proteins such as cytokeratins 8, 13, and 18 and neurofilament proteins NF-L and NF-M. We further characterized the O-GlcNAc modification of MAP2, and stoichiometric analysis indicated that nearly 10% of the MAP2 isolated from rat brain is modified by O-GlcNAc. However, this estimate is thought to reflect the minimal level of O-GlcNAc modification present on MAP2. We have also shown that both the O-GlcNAc and biotin hydrazide-reactive carbohydrate moieties are located on the projection domain of MAP2. Three O-GlcNAc-containing peaks were observed following fast protein liquid chromatography of a tryptic digest of MAP2, suggesting that multiple modification sites exist. The specific modification sites and functional significance of the O-GlcNAc glycosylation on the high Mr MAPs remain to be determined.
A new species of snake of the Geophis dubius group (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae) from the Sierra de Omoa of northwestern Honduras

ABSTRACT A new member of the dubius species group of the colubrid genus Geophis is described. This new species differs from the nine other described members of the group in a variety of features of scutellation and color pattern. The new species inhabits the cloud forest of Parque Nacional El Cusuco, located in the Sierra de Omoa of northwestern Honduras.
A Computer Simulation of Olfactory Cortex with Functional Implications for Storage and Retrieval of Olfactory Information

Based on anatomical and physiological data, we have developed a computer simulation of piri-form (olfactory) cortex which is capable of reproducing spatial and temporal patterns of actual cortical activity under a variety of conditions. Using a simple Hebb-type learning rule in conjunction with the cortical dynamics which emerge from the anatomical and physiological organization of the model, the simulations are capable of establishing cortical representations for different input patterns. The basis of these representations lies in the interaction of sparsely distributed, highly divergent/convergent interconnections between modeled neurons. We have shown that different representations can be stored with minimal interference. and that following learning these representations are resistant to input degradation, allowing reconstruction of a representation following only a partial presentation of an original training stimulus. Further, we have demonstrated that the degree of overlap of cortical representations for different stimuli can also be modulated. For instance similar input patterns can be induced to generate distinct cortical representations (discrimination). while dissimilar inputs can be induced to generate overlapping representations (accommodation). Both features are presumably important in classifying olfactory stimuli.
A case of syphilitic osteitis in a patient with HIV infection

Osteitis is an under-recognised clinical manifestation of early syphilis, especially in patients with HIV. We report here a case of syphilitic osteitis of the skull and review its clinical presentation, diagnosis and management.
Viral agents and associated lesions detected in a 10-year study of bovine abortions and stillbirths.

In a lo-year survey started in 1980, specimens from 8,995 bovine abortions and stillbirths were submitted to the South Dakota Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory. Of these, 8,962 were suitable for some type of examination. Viruses were associated with 948 (10.58%). Bovine herpesvirus-1 (IBR) was detected in 485 (5.41%), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was detected in 407 (4.54%). In 1 year of the survey, BVDV was detected in 8/32 fetuses that had lesions of passive congestion. Bovine herpesvirus- was isolated from 47 specimens (0.52%), parvovirus and enterovirus were each isolated from 2, and adenovirus, Parainfluenza virus, and pseudorabies virus were each isolated from 1. Malignant lymphoid neoplasia was present in 2 fetuses, and their abortion was assumed to have been caused by the bovine leukosis virus. The materials and methods and a summary of the the cows were susceptible to the virus. In some in- combined results of the diagnoses from all other causes stances, IBR abortions occurred when calves vacci- of bovine abortion and stillbirth during this lo-year nated with the modified live vaccine were turned back survey have been published recently. 13 Of the speci- in with their pregnant dams. However, vaccinated mens received from 8,995 bovine abortions and still- calves were never proven to be the source of infection births, 33 were unsuitable for any type of examination. in these cases. 19 In this article, the viral agents identified in the re- IBR abortion outbreaks occurred frequently in herds maining 8,962 aborted and stillborn bovine fetuses are isolated from other cattle and with no history of the discussed along with the associated lesions and syn- introduction of new animals or the use of live vaccines. dromes. The IBR virus becomes latent in naturally infected Results
Unangan Past and Present: The Contrasts between Observed and Inferred Histories

Academic research focusing on the population and culture history of the Aleut (Unangan) people began in the late 19th century and continues to the present. The papers in this special issue of Human Biology summarize the latest results from archaeological, linguistic, genetic, and morphometric research approaches that bear on our current understanding of Unangan history and prehistory. Although these new analyses have provided a level of description and resolution previously unattainable, explanatory models and mechanisms for the patterned variation observed over time in the biological and cultural record of the Aleutian region remains elusive. Bringing the diverse data sets into concordance to represent an integrated synthesis of Aleut population and culture history and of Unangan origins and their relationships with other groups in the region remains a goal for future investigators.
Understanding performance of distributed data-intensive applications

Grids, clouds and cloud-like infrastructures are capable of supporting a broad range of data-intensive applications. There are interesting and unique performance issues that appear as the volume of data and degree of distribution increases. New scalable data-placement and management techniques, as well as novel approaches to determine the relative placement of data and computational workload, are required. We develop and study a genome sequence matching application that is simple to control and deploy, yet serves as a prototype of a data-intensive application. The application uses a SAGA-based implementation of the All-Pairs pattern. This paper aims to understand some of the factors that influence the performance of this application and the interplay of those factors. We also demonstrate how the SAGA approach can enable data-intensive applications to be extensible and interoperable over a range of infrastructure. This capability enables us to compare and contrast two different approaches for executing distributed data-intensive applications—simple application-level data-placement heuristics versus distributed file systems.
Tunable metamaterials for conformally mapped Transformation Optics lenses

The Transformation Optics (TO) design methodology allows for unprecedented control over wave behavior when coupled with advanced metamaterial technology [1,2]. The ubiquitous application of TO is the optical cloak of invisibility [1,2], but sub-wavelength hyperlenses and far-field collimating flat lenses [3–7] have also received a lot of attention due to their many possible practical applications. In addition, this class of TO devices tends to have a higher tolerance for dispersive, narrowband metamaterial properties. Most TO-derived devices require complicated material parameters for implementation [3–6], but choosing a conformal mapping as the transformation can greatly simplify the resulting material specifications [7]. It is shown here that a far-field collimating quadbeam lens derived from a conformal mapping can be implemented by a simple uniaxial homogeneous metamaterial. Full-wave simulations demonstrate the lens performance under excitation by a line current source. Moreover, a tunable metamaterial design for a TE-mode device is introduced along with simulation results showing the capability for beam scanning through electrical tuning of the metamaterial.
Photodetachment of electrons from trifluoromethyl and trifluorosilyl ions; the electron affinities of CF3− and SiF3−

Abstract The relative cross sections for the gas-phase photodetachment of electrons have been determined for CF 3 − and SiF 3 − in the wavelength region 300-420 nm (4.13-2.995 eV). Thermochemical studies show the electron affinity of the trifluoromethyl radical to be ca. 2.01 eV. The large difference between the photodetachment threshold and adiabatic electron affinity is attributed to the different geometries of the ion and neutral.
Life historical perspectives on human reproductive aging

A commentary is offered on the chapters that comprise the section on Theoretical Foundations, emphasizing novel contributions of each. Three additional points are then made. First, while the biology of reproductive aging may be common to all human populations, its actual course can be expected to vary between individuals and between populations depending on ecological conditions and developmental histories. Second, increasing fertility (such as that typical of humans compared with hominoid relatives and imputed ancestral species) decreases the opportunity and impact of contributions from ascendant relatives and increases the opportunity and impact of contributions from collateral and descendent relatives in promoting the fitness of a focal individual. Finally, an argument is made that the major change in human life history physiology in the Pleistocene has been the extension of adult lifespan, not any change in ovarian physiology or rate of reproductive senescence, and that extended lifespan created a selection pressure for the emergence of indirect reproductive effort among postreproductive individuals, not the reverse.
Thermalization of quark-gluon plasma in magnetic field at strong coupling

We study thermalization of strongly coupled gauge theory plasma in the presence of a magnetic field using the $\mathrm{AdS}/\mathrm{CFT}$ correspondence. We utilize the falling energy-shell model as a holographic description of gauge theory plasma undergoing thermalization, and find the effect of the magnetic field on thermalization time in various space-time dimensions. Our results demonstrate that the magnetic field universally hastens thermalization of strongly coupled gauge theory plasma.
Further evaluation of the afferent nervous pathways from the rectum

To evaluate the visceral afferents from the rectum, we recorded cerebral evoked potentials (EPs) in 26 healthy subjects after electrical stimulation of the rectum, pudendal nerve, and posterior tib...
"Peers I can monitor, it's media that really worries me!" Parental cognitions as predictors of proactive parental strategy choice.

The current study examines proactive parenting strategies used to deal with potentially conflicting messages of values presented by agents outside the family. Forty European American mothers with children ages 11 to 16 participate in semistructured, in-depth interviews. Quantitative and qualitative findings reveal that parental strategy choice varies depending on the source of influence parents are combating, with parents using more controlling strategies in response to media influences than peer influences. Findings also suggest that parental cognitions of the degree of threat to values, the child’s susceptibility, and the importance of values are differentially predictive of parental strategy choice as a function of the source of influence. Parental goals have the most consistent influence on strategy choice, with more controlling goals consistently predicting more controlling parenting strategies. The current study adds to our knowledge of parenting in the face of conflicting sources of values and prov...
The Nature of Crime by School Resource Officers

School resource officers (SROs) have become a permanent presence in many K-12 schools throughout the country. As a result, an emerging body of research has focused on SROs, particularly on how SROs...
Accuracy of indexing coverage information as reported by serials sources

This article reports on the accuracy of indexing service coverage information listed in three serials sources: Ulrich's International Periodicals Directory, SERLINE, and The Serials Directory. The titles studied were randomly selected journals that began publication in either 1981 or 1986. Aggregate results reveal that these serials sources perform at 92%, 97%, and 95% levels of accuracy respectively. When the results are analyzed by specific indexing services by year, the performance scores ranged from 80% to 100%. All three serials sources tend to underreport index coverage. The author advances five recommendations for improving index coverage accuracy and four specific proposals for future research. The results suggest that, for the immediate future, librarians should treat index coverage information reported in these three serials sources with some skepticism.
Structural-functional correlation in chinchilla long loop of Henle thin limbs: a novel papillary subsegment

The ultrastructural characteristics of thin limb subsegments from chinchilla long loops of Henle were studied in perfusion-fixed kidneys and in isolated perfused tubules. In sections from the perfusion-fixed kidneys, we noted types I, II, III, and IV thin limb epithelia similar to those previously identified in other rodent species. Sections from the deepest 20% of the papillary tip, however, revealed only a single thin limb epithelial type, which had a combination of structural characteristics distinct from previously identified thin limb subtypes. This "papillary type" epithelium had relatively tall cells and a complex cellular organization with extensive interdigitation, numerous shallow tight junctions, and microvilli. In single-tubule studies, thin limb segments dissected from different levels of the outer and inner medulla were perfused in vitro for osmotic water permeability (Pf) measurements and were fixed for ultrastructural examination. Long-loop thin descending limbs (LDL) dissected from the outer medulla (Pf, 2,637 +/- 336 micron/s) had type II epithelium. LDL dissected from the middle of the inner medulla (Pf, 1,570 +/- 76 microns/s) had a type III epithelium. LDL segments dissected from the deepest 20% of the inner medulla had a low but nonzero Pf (68 +/- 9 micron/s) and had the same novel papillary type epithelium seen in sections from fixed kidneys. Thin ascending limbs dissected from inner 50% of the inner medulla had essentially zero Pf (8 +/- 4 micron/s) and had a type IV epithelium. Immunohistochemical localization of CHIP28 water channel protein confirmed the presence of CHIP28 in thin descending limbs throughout the outer 75% of the inner medulla, whereas labeling was essentially absent in the deep inner medulla where the low-PfLDL (novel papillary type epithelium) is located.
A generalized student-t based approach to mixed-type anomaly detection

Anomaly detection for mixed-type data is an important problem that has not been well addressed in the machine learning field. There are two challenging issues for mixed-type datasets, namely modeling mutual correlations between mixed-type attributes and capturing large variations due to anomalies. This paper presents BuffDetect, a robust error buffering approach for anomaly detection in mixed-type datasets. A new variant of the generalized linear model is proposed to model the dependency between mixed-type attributes. The model incorporates an error buffering component based on Student-t distribution to absorb the variations caused by anomalies. However, because of the non-Gaussian design, the problem becomes analytically intractable. We propose a novel Bayesian inference approach, which integrates Laplace approximation and several computational optimizations, and is able to efficiently approximate the posterior of high dimensional latent variables by iteratively updating the latent variables in groups. Extensive experimental evaluations based on 13 benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of BuffDetect.
Differences in diet and chick provisioning between adult roseate and sandwich terns in Puerto Rico

I analyzed regurgitations from adult Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii) and Sandwich Terns (S. sandvicensis) breeding in southwestern Puerto Rico in 1992 and 1993, and compared them with observations of prey delivered to chicks from 1991 to 1993 to determine similarities in the prey base for the two tern species during different stages in the breeding cycle, and differences between the diets of adults and chicks. I sampled prey fish at Turrumote lagoon where terns regularly fished to determine if the species composition of the fishes in the lagoon was representative of the prey base taken by terns. Adult Roseate Terns fed primarily on dwarf herrings (Jenkinsia lamprotaenia) and anchovies (Anchoa spp.), and fed chicks mostly dwarf herrings and sardines (Harengula and Opisthonema spp.); few anchovies were fed to chicks. Adult Sandwich Terns fed primarily on silversides (HypOatherina harringtonensis) and sardines, and fed chicks mostly sardines and dwarf herrings; few silversides were fed to chicks. In 1992, both tern species apparently compensated for a lack of sardines by feeding their chicks proportionally more dwarf herrings. Diet diversity was greater for Sandwich than for Roseate Terns both in regurgitations and in prey delivered to chicks. Dietary overlap between the two species was low prior to, but converged following, chick hatching. Both species fed chicks increasingly larger prey as the chicks grew larger, but patterns were not consistent among years. Prey samples taken from Turrumote lagoon were representative of, but not in proportion to, the species of prey fed to chicks. These results indicate that although both Roseate and Sandwich Terns in Puerto Rico fed primarily on the same few species of fish, they did so in different proportions. This finding is consistent with an earlier study demonstrating foraging habitat segregation in these two species.
Release of Substance P, Acetylcholine and Methionine Enkephalin from Mouse Cerebral Slices: Effects of Nicotine

Acetylcholine (ACh) is released both spontaneously and upon electrical stimulation of the nerve. Both of these processes are dependent upon the influx of extracellular Ca++ ions. Two feedback systems, one positive and the other negative, were postulated for the autoregulation of ACh release from mouse or rat cerebral slices [1-2]. The components of the positive feedback system included muscarinic receptors (Ms), Substance P (SP) and Ca++ uptake by the nerve (Figure 1). If the amount of ACh in the synaptic gap was low, a positive feedback was triggered causing the release of SP either directly or by a disinhibition phenomenon. The released SP increased the uptake of Ca++ and amplified further release of ACh. This amplification of the rate of ACh release proceeded to a certain limit when the negative feedback system was triggered. The components of this negative feedback system were muscarinic receptors (Mi), methionine enkephalin (MEK) and Ca++ uptake by the nerve. High levels of ACh triggered MEK release which depressed Ca++ uptake and the rate of ACh release from the mouse cerebral slices.
INTRINSIC PROPERTIES AND TAXONOMY OF APHID-BORNE VIRUSES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the intrinsic properties and taxonomy of aphid-borne viruses. The classification of viruses is a useful endeavor that provides a systematic organization of many entities into groups and provides names for easy reference. The description of taxonomic groups encourages the virus investigator to seek analogies between newly studied viruses and defined groups that aid in the identification process. Viruses have been grouped primarily on the basis of morphology, chemistry, serological affinities, and, in some cases, strategy of replication. The number and diversity of aphid-borne viruses exceed that of any of the other vector-associated types of viruses, an indication of the almost ideal adaptation of these insects for virus transmission. Few generalizations can be made about the types of viruses transmitted by aphids because of the great breadth of taxonomic types of viruses involved. With the exception of the rhabdoviruses, all other arthropod-borne groups of viruses that infect plants have a single type of vector. Therefore, a virus transmitted by leafhoppers will not be transmitted by aphids or a group transmitted by beetles will not be transmitted by any sucking insect such as leafhoppers or aphids. Exceptions to this overt pattern are rare. As a consequence, considerable taxonomic significance is attached to the type of vector when considering relatedness among plant viruses.
Very Short Mitochondrial DNA Fragments and Heteroplasmy in Human Plasma

Cell free DNA (cfDNA) has received increasing attention and has been studied in a broad range of clinical conditions. However, few studies have focused on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the cell free form. We optimized DNA isolation and sequencing library preparation protocols to better retain short DNA fragments from plasma, and applied these optimized methods to plasma samples from patients with sepsis. Our methods can retain substantially shorter DNA, resulting in an average of 11.5 fold increase in short DNA fragments yield (DNA <100bp). We report that cf-mtDNA in plasma is highly enriched in short-size cfDNA (30~60 bp). Motivated by this unique size distribution, we size-selected short cfDNA, which further increased the mtDNA recovery rate by an average of 10.4 fold. We then detected mtDNA heteroplasmy in plasma from 3 patients. In one patient who previously received bone marrow transplantation, different minor allele frequencies were observed between plasma and leukocytes at heteroplasmic sites, consistent with mixed-tissue origin for cfDNA. For the other two patients, the heteroplasmy pattern is also different between plasma and leukocyte. Our study shed new lights into the architecture of the cfDNA, and mtDNA heteroplasmy identified in plasma provides new potential for biomarker discovery.
Theory of partitioning of disease prevalence and mortality in observational data

In this study, we present a new theory of partitioning of disease prevalence and incidence-based mortality and demonstrate how this theory practically works for analyses of Medicare data. In the theory, the prevalence of a disease and incidence-based mortality are modeled in terms of disease incidence and survival after diagnosis supplemented by information on disease prevalence at the initial age and year available in a dataset. Partitioning of the trends of prevalence and mortality is calculated with minimal assumptions. The resulting expressions for the components of the trends are given by continuous functions of data. The estimator is consistent and stable. The developed methodology is applied for data on type 2 diabetes using individual records from a nationally representative 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries age 65+. Numerical estimates show excellent concordance between empirical estimates and theoretical predictions. Evaluated partitioning model showed that both prevalence and mortality increase with time. The primary driving factors of the observed prevalence increase are improved survival and increased prevalence at age 65. The increase in diabetes-related mortality is driven by increased prevalence and unobserved trends in time-periods and age-groups outside of the range of the data used in the study. Finally, the properties of the new estimator, possible statistical and systematical uncertainties, and future practical applications of this methodology in epidemiology, demography, public health and health forecasting are discussed.
Freeze-frame: temporalidades especulativas en la escritura de la Generación Año Cero

Something strange happens with time in the work of the so-called Generation Zero. Time speeds up or slows down, and sometimes it stops completely, allowing for the introduction of speculative elements. In these narratives, time is something other than real(ist) time. I argue that the existence of multiple temporalities in fiction by Generation Zero writers represents an explicit attempt to create a temporal space in contrast with that of the dominant temporality. In the stories by Raul Flores and Jorge Enrique Lage that this essay analyzes, these divergent temporalities offer an exit from the national space and the narratives that dominate it.
The Star of the Psalms: Geometric Structure of Psalm 136

When you think of scripture, what do you think of? Salvation? Classical literature? The possible nuances that were lost in translation? The history behind scripture is shrouded in age-old controversies, the spoils and suffering of war, and literary beauty. Critics and analysts have spent centuries writing on these complicated scriptures. Perhaps one of the most poetic and most analyzed books of scripture is the Psalms. According to Rachel Sutphin, Psalm 136 is uniquely composed within the psalter. She asserts that this particular psalm reflects the poeticism of the psalmists and works to enhance their theological volumes. Sutphin’s article “The Star of the Psalms: The Geometric Structure of Psalm 136” is the culmination of more than half a semester of research and takes an in-depth look at a piece of religious scripture and its thematic and stylistic structures. Sutphin’s article takes a detailed and organized approach toward analyzing Psalm 136. She makes a section-by-section and line-by- line analysis that truly brings a strong argument to the realm of theological criticism. Her article is easy to follow (for the casual theologian) and eloquently written for a clear analysis. Always attracted to the Psalms for their poetic expression of “raw emotions such of belief and disbelief, pain and joy,” Sutphin admired the psalmists’ devotion to their faith “despite the fluctuations of emotions and historical circumstances.” However, she specifcally chose Psalm 136 for its relationship to the hesed covenant, a subject of much discussion in her work. Sutphin refutes past claims and works to prove her geometric theory through careful assertions. Another critic, Dr. Jacob Bazak, outlines a four-part geometric structure for Psalm 136 in an article from 1985. Not only does Sutphin explain how Bazak manipulates the language and structure, her research displays a clear alternative. Her research considers Psalm 136 in five sections and denotes how the subjects and themes of each section can be arranged in a geometric pattern that makes a five-point star. Sutphin’s proposed geometric structure calls new attention to more intricate details within the psalm’s poetics and argues that the psalmists made these rhetorical choices more deliberately than others have considered in similar research. At the heart of her research, she strives to prove her theorized structure with a format that she believes “respectfully represents the Psalm.” In her opinion, her proposed structure and its new method of analysis make the reader more aware of the purpose of the psalmist. She hopes and believes that her article will bring “a heightened appreciation for the psalm and its place within the Judeo-Christian history and faith.” It is up to her reader to judge whether she accomplished this goal. A modern take on a piece of religious writing, Sutphin’s research shows an intricate consideration of Psalm 136, and offers new and useful insight into theological criticism.
Robotic Bodies and the Kairos of Humanoid Theologies

In the not-too-distant future, robots will populate the walks of everyday life, from the manufacturing floor to corporate offices, and from battlefields to the home. While most work on the social implications of robotics focuses on such moral issues as the economic impact on human workers or the ethics of lethal machines, scant attention is paid to the effect of the advent of the robotic age on religion. Robots will likely become commonplace in the home by the end of the twenty-first century as nannies and caretakers, particularly for young children. As a consequence, parents will want to be assured that robots will instruct their children in their values, based upon the moral teachings of their religious tradition. Consequently, parents will need robots programmed with appropriate religious software, installed by corporations but approved by their religious communities, e.g., Catholic robots, Muslim robots, and Lutheran robots. If, as expected, robots will acquire the capacity to engage in independent reasoning, believers will want to incorporate their robots within their religious communities to influence the evolution of robotic religious views. The Robotic Age will therefore present basic theological challenges. If robots simulate human personalities, desires, and fears, can religious communities tailor their doctrine, rituals, and institutions to accommodate these new “converts”? In short, can religion generate “soulless” theologies for the non-human? The Robotic Age promises a challenge unlike any other in the history of religious traditions. Biofundamentalists will undoubtedly resist revolutionary changes in theology, but for many people of faith, it will be difficult to resist appealing to those who appear and act strikingly like human beings. This paper poses questions and entertains speculation about those theological challenges, particularly in Christianity, which believers will face, e.g., concepts of the soul, blood sacrifice and redemption, marriage, and death.
Big Data Framework for Agile Business (BDFAB) As a Basis for Developing Holistic Strategies in Big Data Adoption

The Big Data Framework for Agile Business (BDFAB) is the result of exploration of the value of Big data technologies and analytics to business. BDFAB is based on literature review, modeling, experimentation and practical application. BDFAB incorporates multiple disciplines of Information Technology, Business Innovation, Sociology and Psychology (people and behavior, Social-Mobile media), Finance (ROI), Processes (Agile), User Experience, Analytics (descriptive, predictive and prescriptive) and Staff Up-skilling (HR). This paper presents the key elements of the framework comprising agile values, roles, building blocks, artifacts, conditions, agile practices and a compendium (repository). The building blocks themselves are made up of five modules: business decisions, Data—technology and analytics, user experience-operational excellence, quality dimensions and people—capabilities. As such, BDFAB exhibits an interdisciplinary approach to Big Data adoption in practice.
Send Another Sample, Please

A 65-year-old roofer was admitted to the hospital AE at the age of 62, coronary artery disease was diagnosed; he was on Atenolol, Ramipril, Simvastatin, and Aspirin. The patient thought that, as adolescent, he had been transfused in a hospital while semiconscious after a fall. His late father had “pernicious anemia.”