cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Art of the Loop: Analogy, Aurality, History, Performance

The dramaturgical aesthetic of recent postdramatic performance returns to medieval representational modes: an eye can be used as an ear, and vision can be orchestrated like the auditory space of simultaneous relations. Whether an immersive, site-specific, one-to-one, or digital/new media performance, such performance has no one point of view, no “one” in control; success or failure is largely determined by individual and collective will. Closing the loop means beginning, again, in non-Euclidian space.
Polarization of Neutrons from Li 7 (p, n)Be 7 and from n-d Scattering

The polarization of neutrons produced in the reaction ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}(p, n){\mathrm{Be}}^{7}$ has been examined by using $n$-${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ scattering as an analyzer and the pulsed-beam time-of-flight technique as a neutron spectrometer. Results are reported up to 4.95-Mev proton energy. The data include results on the neutron groups corresponding to beryllium-7 being left in its ground state and first excited state. Using neutrons of 2.1 Mev which are polarized 38%, the polarization for $n\ensuremath{-}d$ scattering at several angles has been found to be less than 0.07, which is consistent with a prediction by Christian and Gammel of negligible polarization.
The Influence of Type of Poultry and Carcass Part on the Extractability and Emulsifying Capacity of Salt-Soluble Proteins

Abstract CHICKEN products such as chicken franks, chicken bologna, chicken chunk roll, and other convenience items are finding their place among today's new foods. In all of these emulsion products, the type of meat protein used is important. According to Swift et al. (1961) salt-soluble proteins are more effective for preparing emulsions than those proteins extractable by water. Saffle and Galbreath (1964) stated that pH of the meat has a significant effect on the amount of salt-soluble protein which can be extracted; as pH was increased, the amount of protein extracted increased. These same workers also discovered that the freezing of beef reduced the amount of salt-soluble protein extracted, when compared to unfrozen beef 48 hours post-mortem. Carpenter and Saffle (1964) showed that the amount of salt-soluble protein in the original aliquot used, the speed of mixing, the final temperature of the emulsion, and the amount of oil added initially, influenced…
Optimizing Extraction Parachute Operational Parameters

A current area of interest in the operational and test community is the application of aerial delivery at high speed and at relatively low altitudes. The High-Speed Container Delivery System (HSCDS) is such a program intended to address this type of operational need. In conjunction with this program, a series of simulations have been conducted that attempted to cover a parameter space of operational variables such as aircraft type, aircraft flight speed, extraction line length, and drogue parachute design and size. The objective here is that with validated and verified modeling and simulation results anchored to actual flight test data, future exploratory test and development work may be performed with increased reliance on information derived from modeling and simulation with potential savings in the use of airdrop assets. In this effort a series of payload and parachute extraction scenarios were simulated using high fidelity computer simulation models and the Cobalt CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software code. Simulations were conducted for full aircraft configurations with the rear cargo doors open. The “overset” capability of this software was used that allowed a surface geometry for the drogue parachute to be the basis for a subgrid around the parachute and for this subgrid to be set within the larger geometry grid developed around the aircraft. Different aircraft domains and grids were then used with different drogue parachute configurations while different drogue line lengths were accounted for by the appropriate displacements between the two grids. Numerically-derived resultant aerodynamic forces on the drogue parachute are compared with experimental flight force data obtained from a tow plate attached to the lower cargo door of the aircraft. This tow plate was used to anchor a tethered drogue parachute to the test aircraft. One of the operational goals of the HSCDS program was to meet the desired operational parameters of the system while operating within and managing the extraction environment within safe limits for the aircraft and its crew.
Investigation of Dimethyl Ether Combustion Instabilities in a Partially - Premixed Gas Turbine Model Combustor Using High-Speed Laser Diagnostics

© 2014, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc. All rights reserved. Combustion instabilities in gas turbine engines often give rise to acoustic resonances. These resonances occur as manifestations of different acoustic modes, of which a single or multiple modes may be present. In this work, the acoustic behavior of a gas turbine model combustor, developed at DLR Stuttgart by W. Meier et al., was investigated using dimethyl ether (DME). The equivalence ratio and air mass flow rate were systematically varied. The results did not correspond to any one instability mechanism. It is concluded that, in the current burner configuration, integrated-acoustics occur that involve a combination of mechanisms, including a Helmholtz-type resonance from the plenum and convective-acoustic effects. To understand the instability, accurate measurements are needed of the correlation between heat release rate fluctuations and pressure fluctuations. Thus heat release rate must be recorded as a function of time and space. However conventional chemiluminescence offers only a line-of-sight measurement. High-speed formaldehyde planar laser-induced fluorescence was applied to study the motion of flame surfaces in response to the pressure oscillations of the instability. Flame shape has been correlated with instability strength and presence. The flame surface density and surface area fluctuated at the acoustic frequency and displayed motions correlated with the precessing vortex core (PVC) rotation. In non-resonating flames, the behavior of the formaldehyde structure and marked flame surfaces were dominated by the PVC motion, but the degree of surface area fluctuations was reduced compared to unstable flames. Results show that the frequency of the combustion instability varies with several operational conditions, including gas velocity, equivalence ratio, and convective time delays.
Finite-temperature properties of strongly anharmonic and mechanically unstable crystal phases from first principles

We introduce a methodology for constructing anharmonic vibrational Hamiltonians that are parametrized from first-principles electronic-structure calculations and can be used to study high-temperature properties of crystalline materials. Our method provides an accurate description of the Born-Oppenheimer potential energy surface of a crystal that can be systematically refined and is invariant to space-group symmetries of the ideal reference crystal and finite rigid-body rotations and translations. These features make it ideally suited for Monte Carlo or molecular dynamics simulations to predict finite-temperature thermodynamic properties, structural phase transitions, and thermal conductivity. We use this method to construct an anharmonic Hamiltonian for ZrH${}_{2}$, which exhibits a high-temperature cubic phase that undergoes a symmetry-breaking second-order transition to one of three equivalent tetragonal phases upon cooling. Although density functional theory predicts a zero-Kelvin dynamical instability of cubic ZrH${}_{2}$, we find via Monte Carlo simulation that the cubic phase can be anharmonically stabilized at high temperature and predict a cubic-to-tetragonal transition temperature that is in good agreement with extrapolation from experiments. We also calculate finite-temperature free energies for the cubic and tetragonal phases, finding that they are consistent with the phenomenological Landau theory of second-order phase transitions.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polynuclear Chromium(III) Alkyls. Crystal Structure of a Paramagnetic μ3-Methylidyne Complex with Short Nonbonded Cr-Cr Contacts.

The dichloroalkyl-Cr complexes (I) react with Tl cyclopentadienide to give the chloride-bridged dimers (II).
Wide-field pulsed reduced dose rate radiotherapy (PRDR) for recurrent ependymoma in pediatric and young adult patients.

Aim: This retrospective analysis evaluates feasibility of wide-field re-irradiation using pulsed reduced dose rate (PRDR) technique in patients with recurrent ependymoma. PRDR employs a dose rate of 6 cGy/min, as opposed to 400-600 cGy/min for conventional radiation, allowing for enhanced normal tissue repair. Patients and Methods: Five patients with recurrent ependymoma having eight lesions (two brain, six spinal cord) were treated with PRDR. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan Meier method. Results: The median interval between two radiation courses was 58 months (range: 32-212 months). The median PRDR dose was 40 Gy (range: 30.6-54 Gy) with a median cumulative lifetime dose of 105.2 Gy (range: 90-162.4 Gy). At a median post- PRDR follow-up of 64 months, estimated 4-year OS and PFS from PRDR was 60% and 35.7%, respectively. None of the patients developed necrosis on serial magnetic resonance imaging scans, and only one patient had progressive mild radiculopathy. Conclusion: In patients with large-volume recurrent ependymoma, re-irradiation with wide-field PRDR is a feasible option. Ependymomas are rare neuro-epithelial tumors that arise from ependymal cells lining the ventricles and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) outflow track. Standard treatment recommendation includes maximal safe resection followed by consideration of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) based on pathological findings. Treatment options for recurrent
Beyond Neutrality: The principle of neutrality

Although the principle of neutrality has been much discussed, it has less often been carefully formulated. Thus, before we can evaluate it, we must clarify its scope and meaning. This means asking which agents the principle constrains, at which political levels it applies, and which ways of promoting the good it forbids. It also means asking what, in this context, a conception of the good is. In the current chapter, I shall say something about each question. Although I shall not settle on any single set of answers, I shall try at least to lay out a manageable range of plausible alternatives. First, though, I want to convey a bit more of the flavor of neutralism, and to make explicit the principles that will guide my analysis. Here are five representative formulations, the first two by supporters Ronald Dworkin and John Rawls, the last three by critics Alasdair Maclntyre, Michael Sandel, and Joseph Raz: [P]olitical decisions must be, so far as is possible, independent of any particular conception of the good life, or of what gives value to life. Justice as fairness … [does not] try to evaluate the relative merits of different conceptions of the good. … There is no necessity to compare the worth of the conceptions of different persons once it is supposed they are compatible with the principles of justice. Everyone is assured an equal liberty to pursue whatever plan of life he pleases as long as it does not violate what justice demands. […]
Seafloor geodesy from repeated sidescan sonar surveys

Accurate seafloor geodetic methods are critical to the study of marine natural hazards such as megathrust earthquakes, landslides, and volcanoes. We propose digital image correlation of repeated shipboard sidescan sonar surveys as a measurement of seafloor deformation. We test this method using multibeam surveys collected in two locales: 2500 m deep lightly sedimented seafloor on the flank of a spreading ridge and 4300 m deep heavily sedimented seafloor far from any plate boundary. Correlation of these surveys are able to recover synthetic displacements in the across-track (range) direction accurate to within 1 m and in the along-track (azimuth) direction accurate to within 1–10 m. We attribute these accuracies to the inherent resolution of sidescan data being better in the range dimension than the azimuth dimension. These measurements are primarily limited by the accuracy of the ship navigation. Dual-frequency GPS units are accurate to ∼10 cm, but single-frequency GPS units drift on the order of 1 m/h and are insufficient for geodetic application.
Gel-spinning of mimetic collagen and collagen/nano-carbon fibers: Understanding multi-scale influences on molecular ordering and fibril alignment

Synthetic gel-spun collagen and collagen/nano-carbon fibers were found to exhibit structural mimicry comparable to native tendons. X-ray scattering and microscopy analyses are used to characterize the molecular and fibrillar alignment in the synthetic fibers, where D-banding is observed throughout the spun fibers - consistent with native collagen. For the composite collagen/nano-carbon fibers, the morphology and dispersion quality of the nano-carbons within was found to play a significant role in influencing collagen molecular ordering and fibril alignment. Fibrillar and molecular alignment was also better preserved during elongation of the composites as compared to the control collagen fibers. These results show the structural influence of a rigid inclusion on the collagen fibril structure. Both dry- and wet-state tensile testing were performed on the collagen fibers, and these results show behavior comparable to the native materials. Dry-state tests also reveal interfacial interaction between the nano-fillers and the collagen fibrils through theoretical analysis. Wet-state tensile testing indicates the structure-property behavior of the mimetic hierarchical structure within the synthetic fibers.
A theory of adaptive compression

The analysis of a data compression system of the adaptive prediction-comparison type is presented. The compression attainable as a function of the process spectral density, the adaptive predictor learning period, and the portion of the past used in the prediction process is investigated for a stationary Gaussian Time series.
Ionizing Radiation Induces Hematopoietic Stem Cell Senescence and Long-Term Bone Marrow Suppression in a p16Ink4a/Arf-Independent manner

Abstract Abstract 1345 Many patients receiving chemotherapy and/or ionizing radiation (IR) develop residual (or long-term) bone marrow (BM) injury that can not only limit the success of cancer treatment but also adversely affect their quality of life. Although residual BM injury has been largely attributed to the induction of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) senescence, neither the molecular mechanisms by which chemotherapy and/or IR induce HSC senescence have been clearly defined, nor has an effective treatment been developed to ameliorate the injury. The Ink4a-Arf locus encodes two important tumor suppressors, p16Ink4a (p16) and Arf. Both of them have been implicated in mediating the induction of cellular senscence in a variety of cells including HSCs. Therefore, we examined the role of p16 and/or Arf in IR-induced HSC senescence and long-term BM suppression using a total body irradiation (TBI) mouse model. The results from our studies show that exposure of wild-type (WT) mice to a sublethal dose (6 Gy) of TBI induces HSC senescence and long-term BM suppression. The induction of HSC senescence is not associated with a reduction in telemore length in HSCs and their progeny, but is associated with significant increases in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the expression of p16 and Arf mRNA, and the activity of senescence-associated β-galacotosidase (SA-β-gal) in HSCs. However, genetical deletion of Ink4a and/or Arf has no effect on TBI-induced HSC senescence, as HSCs from the Ink4a and/or Arf knockout mice after exposure to TBI exhibit similar changes as those seen in the cells from irradiated WT mice in comparison with the cells from un-irradiated mice with correspondent genotypes. In addition, TBI-induced long-term BM suppression is also not attenuated by the deletion of the Ink4a and/or Arf genes. These findings suggest that IR induces HSC senescence and long-term BM suppression in a p16Ink4a/Arf-independent manner. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Technology and science: innovation at the International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology

While science advances technology, it is also true that technology advances science. Thus, the two bodies of knowledge are increasingly recognized as interdependent. Nonetheless, recent advances in information communication technology (ICT), in particular, may have profound implications for the norms by which science is conducted. For example, treatment of data will increasingly be in terms of probability distributions, rather than as point estimates, because the cost of computation is now so low that more robust approaches to treatment of uncertainty are within the grasp of normal science. Perhaps more importantly, the techniques by which scientists collaborate, communicate, and curate science are undergoing a rare period of rapid change. The papers in this special section exemplify the evolution of the relationship between technology and science in these two important ways: (1) treatment of data uncertainties and (2) participation in novel methods of publication and review. The latter was fostered by the 2016 meeting of the International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technologies (ISSST), at which all of the papers in this special section were presented. This editorial summarizes some of the trends in ICT that are the subject of experimentation in ISSST and introduces the idea that scientific societies in the information age are more likely to take the form of a network than they are likely to look like the societies of the last several centuries.
An update on the role of advanced diagnostic bronchoscopy in the evaluation and staging of lung cancer

Lung cancer remains a common and deadly disease. Many modalities are available to the bronchoscopist to evaluate and stage lung cancer. We review the role of bronchoscopy in the staging of the mediastinum with convex endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and discuss emerging role of esophageal ultrasonography as a complementary modality. In addition, we discuss advances in scope technology and elastography. We review the bronchoscopic methods available for the diagnosis of peripheral lung nodules including radial EBUS and navigational bronchoscopy (NB) with a consideration of the basic methodologies and diagnostic accuracies. We conclude with a discussion of the comparison of the various methodologies.
Abstract 168: Role of Beta-Carotene Conversion to Vitamin a in Atherosclerosis

Beta-carotene (BC) is the natural precursor of vitamin A, a potent gene regulator involved in cellular homeostasis and immune system. Vitamin A is formed by the action of the enzyme BC oxygenase 1 ...
Human CRL4 DDB2 ubiquitin ligase preferentially regulates post-repair chromatin restoration of H3K56Ac through recruitment of histone chaperon CAF-1.

Acetylated histone H3 lysine 56 (H3K56Ac) diminishes in response to DNA damage but is restored following DNA repair. Here, we report that CRL4DDB2 ubiquitin ligase preferentially regulates post-repair chromatin restoration of H3K56Ac through recruitment of histone chaperon CAF-1. We show that H3K56Ac accumulates at DNA damage sites. The restoration of H3K56Ac but not H3K27Ac, H3K18Ac and H3K14Ac depends on CAF-1 function, whereas all these acetylations are mediated by CBP/p300. The CRL4DDB2 components, DDB1, DDB2 and CUL4A, are also required for maintaining the H3K56Ac and H3K9Ac level in chromatin, and for restoring H3K56Ac following induction of DNA photolesions and strand breaks. Depletion of CUL4A decreases the recruitment of CAF-1 p60 and p150 to ultraviolet radiation- and phleomycin-induced DNA damage. Neddylation inhibition renders CRL4DDB2 inactive, decreases H3K56Ac level, diminishes CAF-1 recruitment and prevents H3K56Ac restoration. Mutation in the PIP box of DDB2 compromises its capability to elevate the H3K56Ac level but does not affect XPC ubiquitination. These results demonstrated a function of CRL4DDB2 in differential regulation of histone acetylation in response to DNA damage, suggesting a novel role of CRL4DDB2 in repair-driven chromatin assembly.
The Effect of Data Points per x- to y-Axis Ratio on Visual Analysts Evaluation of Single-Case Graphs.

Research based on single-case designs (SCD) are frequently utilized in educational settings to evaluate the effect of an intervention on student behavior. Visual analysis is the primary method of evaluation of SCD, despite research noting concerns regarding reliability of the procedure. Recent research suggests that characteristics of the graphic display may contribute to poor reliability and overestimation of intervention effects. This study investigated the effect of increasing or decreasing the data points per x- to y-axis ratio (DPPXYR) on rater evaluations of functional relation and effect size in SCD data sets. Twenty-nine individuals (58.6% male) with experience in SCD were asked to evaluate 40 multiple baseline data sets. Two data sets reporting null, small, moderate, and large intervention effects (8 total) were modified by manipulating the ratio of the x- to y-axis (5 variations), resulting in 40 total graphs. Results indicate that raters scored effects as larger as the DPPXYR decreased. Additionally, a 2-way within-subjects analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant main effect of DPPXYR manipulation on effect size rating, F(2.11, 58.98) = 58.05, p < .001, η2 = .675, and an interaction between DPPXYR manipulation and magnitude of effect, F(6.71, 187.78) = 11.45, p < .001, η2 = .29. Overall, results of the study indicate researchers and practitioners should maintain a DPPXYR of .14 or larger in the interest of more conservative effect size judgments. (PsycINFO Database Record
Examining vehicle operating speeds on rural two-lane curves using naturalistic driving data

Abstract Horizontal curves have been shown to exhibit crash rates significantly higher than comparable tangent segments. Extensive research has investigated the causes of crashes on horizontal curves, particularly the curve navigation process and driver speed selection. Research in this area has generally been limited by the nature of the data, which is often inhibited by practical constraints as to the number of locations and drivers that can be observed. This study overcomes these hurdles through the use of naturalistic driving data, providing insights on how drivers navigate and react to curves on rural two-lane highways. Nearly 10,000 vehicle traces were collected from 202 drivers on 219 horizontal curves as a part of this study. All driving traces were collected on rural two-lane highways with prevailing posted speed limits of 45 mph or 55 mph, as well as a diverse range of curve advisory speeds. Regression models are estimated via generalized estimating equations to discern those factors affecting mean speeds on curves. A log-linear relationship was found between curve radius and mean vehicle speed, with speeds relatively stable on radii of 900–1000 ft. or more, decreasing more rapidly as radii decreased below this range. Drivers were found to reduce speeds when curve advisories were present, but the magnitude of these reductions was much less than suggested by the advisory signs. Speeds were significantly lower when a W1-6 curve arrow sign was present adjusting for the curve radius. There were also some differences in speeds based on driver age and gender. Ultimately, this paper provides insights into driver curve navigation and demonstrates the potential of high-fidelity naturalistic driving data to assess speed management and geometric design on horizontal curves.
The Personal Imagery Questionnaire: Description, Evaluation and Initial Applications

Mental imagery plays an important role in the theory and practice of several behavior therapy techniques including desensitization, flooding and covert sensitization (Gambrill, 1977). Indeed, existing experimental evidence led Singer (1974) to conclude that desensitization “depends essentially on the production of visual imagery” (p. 510).
Liquid Filtration and Separation with Inorganic Membranes: Operating Considerations and some Aspects of System Design

There are a variety of industrially important liquid phase systems where membrane technology has been successfully applied for separation purposes. Such membrane processes as microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) using polymeric membranes have been in commercial use for over two decades.
A Machine Learning Model for Classifying Unsolicited IoT Devices by Observing Network Telescopes

The Internet of Things [IoT] promises to revolutionize the way we interact with our surroundings. Smart cars, smart cities, smart homes are now being realized with the help of various embedded devices that operate with little to no human interaction. However these embedded devices bring forth a plethora of security challenges as most manufacturers still assign higher importance to the three Ps (prototyping, production and performance) than security. This inherent flaw has manifested itself in the form of various Denial of Service (DoS) attacks orchestrated with the help of unsolicited IoT devices on the Internet. We are even seeing massive throughputs without the need for amplifications affecting large scale infrastructures on the Internet. Thus, understanding the nature of these attacks and quickly identifying infected devices becomes imperative to combat this situation. In this paper we present a model to classify unsolicited IoT devices in enterprises using machine learning (ML). Namely IP header information from darknet data is collected for analysis. We then consider multiple supervised ML algorithms to classify these Layer 3 headers. We evaluate these algorithms and compare their performances in terms of accurately identifying activities of malicious IoT devices on the Internet. Our results show that Random Forest and Gradient Boosting have high recall and precision scores whereas NaiveBayes has the worst performance. We believe our model can be used by enterprises as a part of their intrusion detection system to quickly identify infected IoT devices within their own environment as well as identify scanning activities directed towards them.
Diversity in the Workplace: A Review, Synthesis, and Future Research Agenda

Fueled by socioeconomic trends that changed the composition of organizational workforces, the term workforce diversity was coined in the 1990s. Since then, both researchers and practitioners have s...
West Nile Virus Associations in Wild Mammals: An Update.

Although West Nile virus (WNV) is generally thought to circulate among mosquitoes and birds, several historic and recent works providing evidence of WNV activity in wild mammals have been published. Indeed, a previous review tabulated evidence of WNV exposure in at least 100 mammalian species. Herein, we provide an update on WNV activity in wild and select other mammals that have been reported since the last major review article on this subject was published in early 2013. Of interest, new species, such as Hoffman’s two-toed sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni), are now included in the growing list of wild mammals that have been naturally exposed to WNV. Furthermore, new instances of WNV viremia as well as severe disease presumably caused by this virus have been reported in wild mammals (e.g., the Virginia opossum [Didelphis virginiana]) from natural and semi-captive (e.g., zoological institution) settings. Regrettably, few recent challenge studies have been conducted on wild mammals, which would provide key information as to their potential role(s) in WNV cycles. Largely based on these recent findings, important future lines of research are recommended to assess which mammalian species are commonly exposed to WNV, which mammal species develop viremias sufficient for infecting mosquitoes, and which mammal species might be negatively affected by WNV infection at the species or population level.
Catholic Higher Education as Mission.

This article uses the work of Anthony J. Gittins to reframe our understanding of Catholic higher education as mission. The broad adoption of this framework would require a common intellectual foundation, the possibility of which is dismissed by many. An accessible ontology is implied, however, in the existential analysis and theology of Karl Rahner. Indeed, Rahner’s work can undergrid a robust conceptual framework that would serve Catholic colleges and universities well. This article describes the framework and examines certain implications that would follow for faculty, administrators, trustees, and the donor community.
Age-specific trends in health-related quality of life among US adults: findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2016

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important indicator of population health, yet no age-specific trend analyses in HRQoL have been conducted with a nationally representative sample since 2004. Therefore, to address this gap, an age-specific trend analysis of HRQoL was conducted using National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data. NHANES 2001–2016 data (8 cycles) were examined to evaluate trends in HRQoL by age group (young adults: 21–39, middle-aged: 40–64, older adults: 65+). HRQoL was assessed by self-reported health (SRH) and number of physically unhealthy, mentally unhealthy, and inactive days to due to physical or mental health in the past 30 days. Multiple linear or logistic regression analyses explored trends in HRQoL by age group, adjusting for demographics over time. Analysis revealed increasing fair/poor SRH over time for the entire sample (β = 0.34, 95% CI 0.08, 0.60, p = 0.011). However, age-specific analysis identified a bi-annual increase in fair/poor SRH only among young adults (β = 0.49, 95% CI 0.22, 0.76, p < 0.001) and a decrease among older adults (β = − 0.60, 95% CI − 1.14, − 0.06, p = 0.03). Closer inspection revealed increasing fair/poor SRH increased among young women (β = 0.52, 95% CI 0.11, 0.93, p = 0.013) and young men (β = 0.46, 95% CI 0.04, 0.88, p = 0.03) but decreased among older women (β = − 0.81, 95% CI − 1.59, − 0.03, p = 0.042) over time. Analyses also determined that there was a trend for a decreasing number of physically unhealthy days among young adults (p < 0.001), although no trends were observed for the other HRQoL items. Although there was a significant trend over time for increasing fair/poor SRH when considering the entire sample, this trend was not consistent between age groups or sexes. Given increasing fair/poor SRH among young adults, there is a need to understand and address factors relating to HRQoL among this age group.
Analysis of Communication Symbol Embedding in FH MIMO Radar Platforms

Information embedding into the emission of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frequency hopping (FH) radar is analyzed. It is assumed that the radar is primary under dual function radar communication system platforms. phase shift keying (PSK) communication symbols are embedded in each hop of the FH waveforms. The impact of embedding is a significant reduction in range sidelobe levels. We examine the impact of PSK symbol embedding on the power spectral density (PSD) of the MIMO radar. It is shown that there is spectral leakage due to the disruption of the continuous phase of the FH waveforms by the PSK symbol embedding. The trade-off between low sidelobe levels and low spectral leakage is analyzed. To maintain the phase continuity between the frequency hops, modulation of FH waveforms with frequency shift keying (FSK) symbols is considered and its performance is compared with that of the FH/PSK radar communication waveforms.
Systematic and Nonsystematic Reviews: Choosing an Approach

Systematic reviews and purposive (nonsystematic) reviews serve valuable and complementary roles in synthesizing the results of original research studies. Systematic reviews use rigorous methods of article selection and data extraction to shed focused, deep light on a relatively narrow body of research, yet of necessity may exclude potentially insightful works that fall outside the predefined scope. Purposive reviews offer flexibility to address more far-reaching questions and pursue novel insights, yet offer little assurance of a balanced perspective on the issue. This chapter reviews the strengths and weaknesses of each approach, and suggests specific questions to help researchers select among these approaches. Different approaches to quantitative and narrative research synthesis, including meta-analysis, are also described.
Does Story Programming Prepare for Coding

In this research study, we investigate the impact of using the Story Programming approach to teach CS concepts on student performance in a subsequent C++ class. In particular, we compare how students receiving little or no coding to learn and apply these concepts perform in comparison to students who learn these concepts only in the context of coding. While past research has shown that exposure to programming is not a predictor of success in such courses, these studies are based on a 15-week versus 10-week course and do not control for the CS concepts and programming to which the students have been exposed. Consequently, we hypothesize that students from the Story Programming approach will perform worse in the following C++ class. Surprisingly, we find that this is not true: Students from the Story Programming approach with little to no coding do not significantly differ from their peers receiving a traditional code-focused approach.
Perfectionism and causal attributions: An experience sampling approach

Abstract The primary aim of the study was to examine whether dimensions of perfectionism—socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) and self-oriented perfectionism (SOP)—were related to causal attributions, and to what extent event-specific attributions about social interactions were related to mood. Experience sampling methodology was used to examine event-specific attributions about negative social interactions and mood in daily life. SPP and SOP had different relationships with trait attributional styles. Although neither SPP nor SOP were related to event-specific attributions, SOP moderated the covariation of negative attributions and sadness: higher scores on SOP were associated with a stronger relation between negative attributions and sadness. Additionally, SPP was positively related to the proportion of negative social interactions.
Laparoscopic resection of functional, noncommunicating uterine horn in close approximation to functional hemiuterus.

Objective To review the presentation of unicornuate uterus with a functional noncommunicating rudimentary uterine horn and a laparoscopic method of management, highlighting laparoscopic surgical techniques. Design A video review of unicornuate uterus with a functional noncommunicating rudimentary uterine horn and a laparoscopic approach to treatment in a 13-year-old pubertal female with severe menstrual pain. Setting Tertiary care facility. Patient(s) A 13-year-old G0 was referred to the clinic for severe cyclic right lower quadrant pain during menses. Transvaginal ultrasonography revealed a left unicornuate uterus with a right-sided noncommunicating rudimentary horn measuring 4.8 × 4.7 × 4.6 cm, containing blood consistent with hematometra. Her kidneys were bilaterally present and normal by ultrasonography. Intervention(s) Because of the patient’s worsening pain and the presence of hematometra, we proceeded with diagnostic laparoscopy and removal of the rudimentary uterine horn. The entire procedure was performed laparoscopically, with an estimated total blood loss of 20 mL. Included are tips for laparoscopic resection and suturing. Main Outcome Measure(s) Pathologic features and postoperative course. Results The patient’s pathologic features were benign, and her severe menstrual pain was resolved. She had no complications or readmissions. Conclusion(s) In patients with severe menstrual pain from outflow obstruction from a noncommunicating rudimentary uterine horn with functional endometrium, laparoscopic resection can be a safe and effective method of treatment.
Profiling General-Purpose Fast Multipole Method (FMM) Using Human Head Topology

In this study, we characterize the performance of the fast multipole method (FMM) in solving the Laplace and Helmholtz equations. We use the FMM library developed by the group of Dr. L. Greengard. This version of the FMM algorithm is multilayer with no priori limit on the number of levels of the FMM tree, although, after about thirty levels, there may be floating point issues. A collection of high-resolution human head models is used as test objects. We perform a detailed analysis of the runtime and memory consumption of the FMM in a wide range of frequencies, problem sizes, and precisions required. Although we focus on two-manifold test cases, the results are generalizable to other topologies as well. The tests are conducted on both Windows and Linux platforms. The results obtained in this study can serve as a general benchmark for the performance of FMM. It can also be employed to pre-estimate the efficiency of numerical modeling methods (e.g., the boundary element method) accelerated by FMM.
Sequencing whole mitochondrial genomes to assess genetic divergence between proposed silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) populations.

The geographic distributions of eastern and western Lasionycteris noctivagans populations suggest they could be genetically isolated, but this has rarely been assessed using genetic data. Here, we ...
Human factors and usability of an incentive spirometer patient reminder (SpiroTimer

Introduction: To address the problem of incentive spirometry (IS) noncompliance, a use-tracking IS reminder device (SpiroTimer™) was developed. In a recent randomized clinical trial, the SpiroTimer™ improved IS use compliance, length of stay, and mortality. For successful, safe, and effective implementation of a new medical device, human factors and usability must be evaluated. This study aims to evaluate the SpiroTimer™’s human factors as they pertain to intended users, use environments, and uses. Material and methods: Immediately following the completion of the randomized clinical trial of the SpiroTimer™, before the providers were informed of the results of the study, a human factors and usability survey was distributed in-person to all nurses involved in the trial. Variations in nurse user perspectives were evaluated. Results: A total of 52 nurses (100% response rate) completed the survey. In general, most nurses felt IS use compliance is poor (65%; 34/52, p = 0.0265) and should be improved (94%; 49/52, p < 0.001). Nurses agreed the SpiroTimer™ ameliorated patient IS use compliance (82%; 41/50, p < 0.001), IS effectiveness (74 %; 37/50, p < 0.001), and patient engagement in their own care (88%; 44/ 50, p < 0.001). Nurses reported the SpiroTimer™ helped remind them to work with their patients on IS (70%; 35/50, p = 0.0047) while reducing the number of times they had to remind their patients to use their IS (70%; 35/50, p = 0.0047). They felt that they would use the SpiroTimer™ with all their patients (82%; 41/50, p < 0.001) and that they would recommend the SpiroTimer™ to a colleague (74%; 37/50, p < 0.001). Ultimately, most nurses believed the SpiroTimer™ should become part of routine patient care (78%; 39/50, p < 0.001). Discussion: For a new medical technology to a medical device to be effectively implemented, human factors and usability must be demonstrated. Nurses believe the clinically effective SpiroTimer™ helps both patients and nurses and should become part of routine care.
The Gendered Politics of Pandemic Relief: Labor and Family Policies in Denmark, Germany, and the United States During COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified families’ struggles to reconcile caregiving and employment, especially for working mothers. How have different countries reacted to these troubling circumstances...
PRAL: A Tailored Pre-Training Model for Task-Oriented Dialog Generation

Large pre-trained language generation models such as GPT-2 have demonstrated their effectiveness as language priors by reaching state-of-the-art results in various language generation tasks. However, the performance of pre-trained models on task-oriented dialog tasks is still under-explored. We propose a Pre-trainedRole Alternating Language model (PRAL), explicitly designed for task-oriented conversational systems. We design several techniques: start position randomization, knowledge distillation, and history discount to improve pre-training performance. In addition, we introduce a high-quality large-scale task-oriented dialog pre-training dataset by post-prossessing13 dialog datasets. We effectively adapt PRALon three downstream tasks. The results show that PRAL outperforms or is on par with state-of-the-art models.
Quality of service management automation in integrated distributed systems

This paper proposes a new language for the development of distributed multimedia applications: Quality Assurance Language (QuAL). QuAL abstractions allow the specification of Quality of Service (QoS) constraints expected from the underlying computing and communication environment. QuAL specifications are compiled into run time components that monitor the actual QoS delivered. Upon QoS violations, application provided exception handlers are signaled to act upon the faulty events. Language level abstractions of QoS shelter programs from the heterogeneity of underlying infrastructures. This simplifies the development and maintenance of multimedia applications and promotes their portability and reuse. QuAL generates Management Information Bases (MIBs) that contain QoS statistics per application. Such MIBs may be used to integrate application level QoS management into standard network management frameworks.
Human Factor XIII from Plasma and Platelets MOLECULAR WEIGHTS, SUBUNIT STRUCTURES, PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVATION, AND CROSS-LINKING OF FIBRINOGEN AND FIBRIN

The subunit structures of Factor XIII from plasma and platelets have been examined by sedimentation equilibrium in the ultracentrifuge. Plasma Factor XIII has a molecular weight of 320,000 ± 20,000 in dilute salt solution at neutral pH. The two different types of subunits of the plasma factor, the a and b chains, have molecular weights of about 75,000 and 88,000, respectively. Platelet Factor XIII has a molecular weight of 146,000 ± 10,000, whereas its single type of subunit, the a chain, has a molecular weight of about 75,000. The a chains of the platelet and plasma factors are identical not only in molecular weight but also on gel electrophoresis in three different systems and in amino acid composition. The a chain of platelet Factor XIII combines with the b chain of plasma factor to give a protein which is electrophoretically indistinguishable from native plasma Factor XIII. In addition, the amino acid composition of the plasma factor is essentially identical with twice the average amino acid composition of the a and b chains. These analyses indicate that the subunit structure of plasma factor is a2b2 and that of the platelet factor is a2. The subunits of each factor are combined in the native molecules solely by noncovalent bonds. Thrombin, trypsin, reptilase, papain, and an enzyme contaminating some ancrod preparations activate plasma Factor XIII. In each case, except possibly with papain, Factor XIII activation coincides with a decrease in molecular weight of 4,000 of the a chain. High concentrations of thrombin only slightly inactivate Factor XIII after prolonged incubation, whereas trypsin not only activates but extensively inactivates plasma Factor XIII. Activation of Factor XIII is not autocatalyt c. Neither release of the fibrinopeptides nor gelation is required for activated plasma Factor XIII to cross-link fibrinogen. The γ chains of fibrin are cross-linked by activated plasma Factor XIII more rapidly than the α chains, but the rates of cross-linking of the α (A) and γ chains of fibrinogen are about the same. In addition, the pattern of cross-linking of fibrinogen or fibrin by guinea pig liver transglutaminase is different from that catalyzed by activated Factor XIII. The lysis time of fibrin clots with cross-linked α and γ chains was considerably greater than that of fibrin clots containing cross-linked γ chains but little or no cross-linked α chains.
The amperometric determination of zinc with potassium ferrocyanide

Abstract A procedure is described for the determination of zinc by amperomctric titration with potassium ferrocyanide. The reaction is carried out in a solution heated to approximately 65° C to obtain reproducible results. The method is suitable for application to a variety of zinc-containing materials including those of high zinc content. It gives satisfactory results on materials such as purified zinc oxide, slab zinc, ores, and flue dusts.
A Dynamical Model for Chemical Reaction

If the reaction cross section, Q(∈, i, j), is known, the rate constant for the corresponding chemical reaction can be calculated from (8.6) and (8.11). To interpret the details of molecular beam experiments even more information is needed. The hard-sphere model was obviously far too naive to give reliable estimates of the reaction cross section. Improvement, by considering the dynamics of reaction across a realistic potential-energy surface such as that described in Section 9.2, is a formidable quantum mechanical problem. As already mentioned it has not been solved, except for low-energy H + H2 chemical reaction.
Purification and functional characterization of the Glu-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

The formation of glutaminyl-tRNA (Gln-tRNA) in Bacilli, chloroplasts, and mitochondria occurs in a two-step reaction. This involves misacylation of tRNA(Gln) with glutamate by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase and subsequent amidation of Glu-tRNA(Gln) to the correctly acylated Gln-tRNA(Gln) by a specific amidotransferase (Schon, A., Kannangara, C. G., Gough, S., and Soll, D. (1988) Nature 331, 187-190). Here we demonstrate the existence of this pathway in green algae and describe the purification of the Glu-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The purified enzyme showed an Mr of approximately 120,000 when analyzed by glycerol gradient sedimentation and gel filtration. An apparent Mr of 63,000 of the denatured protein was demonstrated by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. This indicates that the enzyme possesses an alpha 2 structure. The substrate for the purified enzyme is Glu-tRNA(Gln) but not Glu-tRNA(Glu). The enzyme requires ATP, Mg2+, and an amide donor for the conversion. Acceptable amide donors are glutamine, asparagine, and ammonia. Blocking of the glutamine-dependent reaction by alkylation of the protein with 6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine did not inhibit the ammonia-dependent reaction, suggesting that the enzyme has separate glutamine and ammonia binding sites. As suggested by Wilcox (Wilcox, M. (1969) Eur. J. Biochem. 11, 405-412) the amidation reaction may involve glutamyl-phosphate formation, since ATP is cleaved to ADP when the enzyme is incubated with Glu-tRNA(Gln) and ATP. In common with other glutamine amidotransferases, the enzyme also possesses low glutaminase activity. The purified Glu-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase forms a stable complex with Glu-tRNA(Gln) in the presence of ATP and Mg2+ but in the absence of the amide donor as determined by gradient centrifugation.