cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the computing power of one-way cellular arrays

There are two simple models of parallel language recognizer: one-way cellular array (OCA) and one-way iterative array (OIA). For inputs of length n, both arrays consist of n identical finite-state machines (cells). The communication between cells is one-way, from left to right. The difference in the two models is in the manner in which the input is applied. For the OCA, the input is applied to the cells in parallel. For the OIA, the input is applied serially to the leftmost processor. An input string is accepted if the rightmost cell eventually enters an accepting state. We show that OCA's accept exactly the same class of languages as OIA's. It is relatively easy to show that OIA's can simulate OCA's. The difficult part is the converse, i.e., that OCA's can simulate OIA's. This is rather surprising since in an OIA, every cell of the array has access to each symbol of the input string, whereas in an OCA, the i-th cell can only access the first i symbols of the input. This result when combined with known results concerning OIA's answers some open questions concerning the computational complexity of OCA's. We also prove some new results concerning linear-time OCA's and OIA's. For example, we show: (1) linear-time OCA's are equivalent to 2n-time OIA's (note that 2n-time is optimal for OIA's); (2) the concatenation of a linear-time OCA language with a real-time (i.e., n-time) OCA language is a linear-time OCA language; (3) every semilinear language is a linear-time OCA language.
Decoupled Molecular Dynamics of Glass-forming Liquids Confined in Nano-meter Pores

Calorimetry is the method first used by Jackson and McKenna to study the effect of finite-size on the molecular dynamics of glass-formers confined in nano-meter scale pores. It was found that the glass transition is shifted to lower temperature as pore size decreases. Since then, other spectroscopic techniques have corroborated this finding and given more information on the molecular dynamics. These results are used to compare with the predictions of several theories of glass transition, and in particular the coupling model of the author.
Differential regulation by TGF-beta 1 and insulin of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 in IEC-6 cells

The purposes of this study were to determine the regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in IEC-6 cells by transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and insulin an...
Characterization of mutant alleles of myospheroid, the gene encoding the beta subunit of the Drosophila PS integrins

This paper presents the characterization of nine alleles of myospheroid, which encodes the beta PS subunit of the Drosophila PS integrins. On Southern blots, the mysXB87, mysXN101 and mysXR04 genes yield restriction digest patterns similar to that seen for wild-type chromosomes, however the mys1 and mysXG43 genes contain detectable deletions. mys1, mysXB87 and mysXG43 make little or no stable protein product, and genetically behave as strong lethal alleles. For the mysXN101 mutation, protein product is seen on immunoblots and a reduced amount of beta PS protein is seen at muscle attachment sites of embryos; this mutant protein retains some wild-type function, as revealed by complementation tests with weak alleles. Protein is also seen on immunoblots from mysXR04 embryos, and this allele behaves as an antimorph, being more deleterious in some crosses than the complete deficiency for the locus. mysts2 and mysnj42 are typically lethal in various combinations with other alleles at high temperatures only, but even at high physiological temperatures, neither appears to eliminate gene function completely. The complementation behaviors of mysts1 and mysts3 are quite unusual and suggest that these mutations involve regulatory phenomena. For mysts3, the data are most easily explained by postulating transvection effects at the locus. The results for mysts1 are less straightforward, but point to the possibility of a chromosome pairing-dependent negative interaction.
3D fan-beam model implimentation in a Hybrid Digital-Breast-Tomosynthesis Microwave Radar Imaging breast cancer detection algorithm

A 3D Fan-Beam model is presented to reduce computation time for Hybrid Digital-Breast-Tomosynthesis Microwave Radar Imaging breast cancer detection and imaging algorithms. The physical justifications for this model are described as well as the class of problems for which it is appropriate. A numerical experiment is presented using the new model in a breast cancer imaging algorithm to successfully reconstruct the location of a cancerous lesion in three dimensions.
The Instantaneous Efficiency of Epicyclic Gears in Flight Control Systems

The instantaneous efficiency of an epicyclic gear rotary actuator is an important factor in sizing flight control systems where compound epicyclic gear trains are typically used. The efficiency variation can be smooth or fluctuating depending on the combination and timing of the teeth of ring, planet, and sun gears. In this paper, the instantaneous efficiency characteristics of synchronous and nonsynchronous actuators under forward-driving with opposing load and reverse-driving with aiding load are investigated. The emphasis will be on instantaneous, rather than average efficiency of gears. Several gear arrangements are considered: external and internal gears, simple planetary gears and compound planetary gears. Efficiency will be discussed considering not only the geometry of the mating gears, but also the relative phasing of the planet gears relative to the sun and ring gears. Asynchronous compound epicyclic gears are shown to have large fluctuation in their instantaneous efficiency. When reverse-driving efficiency falls below 0%, the unit cannot be back-driven and will chatter. Nonsynchronous compound gears have a smaller variation in instantaneous efficiency. However, extra care must be taken in timing the compound planet gears, as well as clocking position of compound planet gears relative to ring gears and the sun gear.
A fragmentation event detection system

Abstract Since the dawn of the space age, satellites and rocket bodies in space have exhibited a tendency to break up for either unknown or poorly understood reasons. Such fragmentation events are the largest cause of debris in space. In this paper, an automated fragmentation event detection system (FEDS) is described. The system was tested with the routinely available uncorrelated target data from the FPS-85 radar, which is a phased array radar operated for the US Space Surveillance Network. The FEDS builds a data-based adaptive algorithm for ascertaining the presence of debris from a new fragmentation event. Statistics are presented to demonstrate the successful performance of the system.
A systematic approach for identifying and presenting mechanistic evidence in human health assessments.

Abstract Clear documentation of literature search and presentation methodologies can improve transparency in chemical hazard assessments. We sought to improve clarity for the scientific support for cancer mechanisms of action using a systematic approach to literature retrieval, selection, and presentation of studies. The general question was “What are the mechanisms by which a chemical may cause carcinogenicity in the target tissue?”. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was used as a case study chemical with a complex database of >3000 publications. Relevant mechanistic events were identified from published reviews. The PubMed search strategy included relevant synonyms and wildcards for DEHP and its metabolites, mechanistic events, and species of interest. Tiered exclusion/inclusion criteria for study pertinence were defined, and applied to the retrieved literature. Manual curation was conducted for mechanistic events with large literature databases. Literature trees documented identification and selection of the literature evidence. The selected studies were summarized in evidence tables accompanied by succinct narratives. Primary publications were deposited into the Health and Environmental Research Online ( http://hero.epa.gov/ ) database and identified by pertinence criteria and key terms to permit organized retrieval. This approach contributes to human health assessment by effectively managing a large volume of literature, improving transparency, and facilitating subsequent synthesis of information across studies.
Reflections on My Jewish Habitus and Perspectives

This essay discusses the intersection of personal and professional influences on the author’s work and perspectives in Jewish studies. In particular the role of “bonding” and “bridging” capital is discussed: bonding with other Jews, bonding with research colleagues of similar orientations; and bridging with Jews different from myself, Jews in different cultural/societal contexts, between Jews and non-Jews, and between scholars of different orientations. The role of mentors as facilitating and non-facilitating gatekeepers is also discussed. The reflective exercise is recommended as a re-centering device for all scholars. Suggestions for investing in further research in Jewish studies follow the expansion of both bonding and bridging research capital opportunities, such as establishing a think-tank facilitating ongoing dialogue between qualitative and quantitative researchers, and researchers using different units of analysis, in Jewish studies; developing a common core of community study questions and subsidizing their inclusion in community studies; establishing an international question bank to increase comparability and standardization in upcoming surveys; expanding the North American Jewish Data Bank to be global; and reaching out for comparability beyond the community of Jewish studies research. The suitability of the Association for the Social Scientific Study of Jewry as an infrastructure for some of the networking endeavors suggested is considered.
Polymers for the controlled release of macromolecules: Effect of molecular weight of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer

Matrices composed of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAc) have been used for controlled delivery of macromolecular bioactive agents. Three EVAc samples of different molecular weight (MW) were selected from solution fractionated samples. The polymer MW is a sensitive factor in affecting the release rate of bovine serum albumin (BSA); the higher the MW of EVAc, the slower the release rate. Depending on the degree of hydrophilicity of the device, the relatively hydrophilic drug particles would cause various degrees of swelling pressure upon water uptake. The relatively hydrophobic EVAc carrier would impose different degrees of restrictive force as determined by polymer MW. The interaction between the restrictive force of the carrier and the swelling pressure of the drug particles is a key factor in affecting the drug release kinetics. As a result, the selection of the polymer carrier can be used to affect the kinetics of a controlled release device.
Sleep disorders, public health, and public safety.

rors (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.23-1.67), safety violations (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.43-1.85), falling asleep at the wheel (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.20-1.90), uncontrolled anger toward citizensorsuspects(OR,1.25;95%CI,1.09-1.43),citizencomplaints(OR,1.35;95%CI,1.13-1.61),absenteeism(OR,1.23;
Extending Bug Localization Using Information Retrieval and Code Clone Location Techniques

Bug localization involves the use of information about a bug to assist in locating sections of code that must be modified to fix the bug. Such a task can involve a considerable amount of time and effort on the part of software developers and/or maintainers. Recently, several automated bug localization techniques based on information retrieval (IR) models have been developed to speed the process of bug localization. Another code analysis technique involves locating duplicated sections of code in software projects, called code clones. We examine the application of code clone location techniques in the context of bug localization. We attempt to determine the advantages of extending existing code clone location techniques through the inclusion of IR models in the analysis process. We also examine a technique for extending the use of bug logging repositories and version control systems by analyzing the two using IR techniques.
Variable-Domain Functional Regression for Modeling ICU Data

We introduce a class of scalar-on-function regression models with subject-specific functional predictor domains. The fundamental idea is to consider a bivariate functional parameter that depends both on the functional argument and on the width of the functional predictor domain. Both parametric and nonparametric models are introduced to fit the functional coefficient. The nonparametric model is theoretically and practically invariant to functional support transformation, or support registration. Methods were motivated by and applied to a study of association between daily measures of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score and two outcomes: in-hospital mortality, and physical impairment at hospital discharge among survivors. Methods are generally applicable to a large number of new studies that record a continuous variables over unequal domains. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Adaptation of the circular platform spatial memory task for mice : use in detecting cognitive impairment in the APPSW transgenic mouse model for Alzheimer's disease

A methodology is described for use of a 16-hole circular platform task to test spatial memory in mice. Both bright light and a fan were used to motivate mice to escape the platform surface through a single hole containing an attached escape box. For each daily trial, three correlated measures (escape latency, number of errors, and error rating) comprehensively evaluated cognitive performance. In an initial study, the ‘spatial’ nature of this task was demonstrated by the much poorer performance of non-transgenic mice when visual cues are removed. Behavioral sensitivity of the circular platform task was then shown through its ability to discern cognitive impairment in 7-month-old transgenic mice, carrying the mutant APPSW gene for early-onset Alzheimer's disease in humans, from non-transgenic litter-mates. Since there are currently only a few tasks available to definitively test cognitive performance in mice, the circular platform task offers a versatile, multiple-measure option with numerous advantages. Particularly in view of the increasing number of genetically manipulated mouse models being produced, the circular platform task should be most useful in providing a sensitive evaluation of cognition in mice.
Pacemaker mode selection: the evidence from randomized trials.

The evidence base for pacing, specifically with regards to outcome-based randomized trials, is only beginning to emerge. At present, the guidelines for pacing in sinus node dysfunction (SND), atrioventricular block (AVB), and vasovagal syncope are largely based on observational, not randomized studies. The findings from observational studies that physiological pacing was associated with reduced mortality, fewer strokes, less heart failure, and less AF when compared with ventricular pacing, were not uniformly supported by the early randomized trials of a relatively small sample size. Thus, it has become increasingly clear that large scale randomized trials are necessary to measure reliably the benefit, if any, of progressively more expensive and complex pacemakers. To provide reliable answers to these important questions, three large multicenter randomized trials in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States have been designed and conducted. The present review analyzed the results of completed randomized trials on pacemaker mode selection. To date, >6,000 patients requiring permanent pacing to prevent bradycardia have been randomized; among these, dual chamber pacing did not prevent stroke or improve survival when compared with ventricular pacing. However, dual chamber pacing led to a moderate reduction of incident and chronic AF, reduced symptoms of heart failure in patients with SND, prevented pacemaker syndrome, and modestly improved quality-of-life. Further, a 5–10% reduction in mortality by atrial-based pacing cannot be excluded based on the results of the analyzed trials. The availability of data from ongoing randomized trials and their meta analysis should complete the totality of evidence during the next several years. (PACE 2003; 26:1270–1282)
CORRELATES AND PREDICTORS OF SMOKING AMONG BLACK ADOLESCENTS

Little is known about the etiology of cigarette smoking among minority populations. This study examines the correlates and predictors of smoking among inner-city black seventh graders (N = 608). Enhanced self-reports of cigarette smoking were collected along with data concerning demographic, social, and psychological factors hypothesized to promote smoking initiation. Results indicate that social environmental factors, such as the smoking status of friends and siblings, and individual factors, such as refusal assertiveness, general assertiveness, and age are predictive of current smoking. Similarly, the smoking status of friends, attitudes concerning the harmful effects of smoking, and low self-esteem concerning schools are predictive of behavioral intention to smoke in the future. Overall, the factors that were the most salient predictors of smoking for the black adolescents in this study are generally congruent with the existing literature for other populations.
AMERICIUM ORGANOMETALLIC IONS PRODUCED BY LASER ABLATION OF AMO2 IN POLYIMIDE

Laser ablation into vacuum of a dilute dispersion of AmO2 in polyimide produced organoamericium ions of the general formula AmCxHyNz+. Ion masses were determined by time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and compositions were confidently assigned for most small ions (x ≤ 6). Comparisons of product abundances with previous results for lanthanides (Ln) and lighter actinides (An) suggest that Am behaves similarly to a lanthanide element such as Tmboth produced substantial MC2H+ (acetylide) and MC4H+. In contrast, the lighter actinides, Th, U, Np, and Pu, preferentially produced the binary carbides MC2+ and MC4+. The acetylides can be regarded as ionic species comprising M2+ ([M2+−{-:C⋮CH}]+) and the carbides as comprising M3+ ([M3+−{-:C⋮C:-}]+). Accordingly, the MC2H+ vs MC2+ abundances generally correlated with the ionization energies from M2+ to M3+ (IE[M2+]). In addition to the carbide/hydrocarbide complex ions, Am+-hydroxide, -cyanide, -cyanate, and -nitrile ions were produced in abundances generally consiste...
Microwave irradiation effects on the structure, viscosity, thermal properties and lubricity of soybean oil

Abstract Soybean oil is a highly valuable agricultural commodity for the United States. To further add value to soybean oil, chemical and physical modifications, as well as additives, have been extensively used to change the oil characteristics and properties, broadening the potential industrial applications. Heat treatments such as heat-bodying have been implemented to change soybean oil properties, but no research has studied the effects of microwave-irradiation on soybean oil structure and properties. Soybean oil (SBO) was heat-bodied (HB) or microwave-irradiated (MI). HB and MI (200–250 °C for 20–60 min) oil had similar Gardner bubble viscosity (B–C range). SBO that was HB or MI had increased viscosity compared with untreated SBO. 1H NMR analysis showed no oxidation occurred for all treatments. However, HB and MI oil formed a cyclic ring structure with polymerization that most likely contributed to the increased viscosity. Pour point decreased from −9 °C for the untreated SBO, −15 °C for the HB, and −18 °C for the MI despite viscosity increases. Pour point anomaly is likely due to triacylglyceride cyclic ring formation. Pressurized DSC analysis showed higher oxidative stability for HB oil with even higher stability for MI oil. Compared with untreated SBO, HB and MI oil increased friction coefficient and decreased film percentage, whereas MI oil tended to leave larger wear scratches on the ball and disk during friction measurements. MI oil improved SBO cold-flow behavior, but reduced its potential as a lubricant.
Inducing nonsense suppression by targeted pseudouridylation

Isomerization from uridine to pseudouridine (pseudouridylation) is largely catalyzed by a family of small ribonucleoproteins called box H/ACA RNPs, each of which contains one unique small RNA-the box H/ACA RNA. The specificity of the pseudouridylation reaction is determined by the base-pairing interactions between the guide sequence of the box H/ACA RNA and the target sequence within an RNA substrate. Thus, by creating a new box H/ACA RNA harboring an artificial guide sequence that base-pairs with the substrate sequence, one can site-specifically introduce pseudouridines into virtually any RNA (e.g., mRNA, ribosomal RNA, small nuclear RNA, telomerase RNA and so on). Pseudouridylation changes the properties of a uridine residue and is likely to alter the role of its corresponding RNA in certain cellular processes, thereby enabling basic research into the effects of RNA modifications. Here we take a TRM4 reporter gene (also known as NCL1) as an example, and we present a protocol for designing a box H/ACA RNA to site-specifically pseudouridylate TRM4 mRNA. Disease-related mutation can result in early termination of translation by creating a premature termination codon (PTC); however, pseudouridylation at the PTC can suppress this translation termination (nonsense suppression). Thus, the experimental procedures described in this protocol may provide a novel way to treat PTC-related diseases. This protocol takes 10-13 d to complete.
'If it bleeds it leads'? Attributes of TV health news stories that drive viewer attention

OBJECTIVE: Health advocates increasingly use the news media to educate the public. However, little is known about what motivates individuals to pay attention to health news. This study investigated which characteristics of TV health news stories attract viewer interest. METHODS: The authors surveyed airport patrons, the audience of a public health symposium, and municipal jurors, asking which attributes of TV heath news stories encouraged interest and which attributes discouraged interest. The authors ranked mean responses and compared them using Spearman rank correlations, RESULTS: The rankings assigned by the three samples were highly correlated. Respondents reported being most attracted to health stories about personally relevant topics. Interestingly, they also reported that sensational story elements such as "showing a bloody or injured person" and "being action packed" did not substantially influence their attention. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that viewers, regardless of their level of health knowledge, value the same attributes in TV health news stories. Emphasizing the personal relevance of health topics appears to be a viable strategy to capture viewer interest. Conversely, the tendency of broadcast news to sensationalize stories may be distracting in the case of health news. Language: en
Determinants of signal intensity in MRI of human astrocytomas

MRI studies at 1.5 T of 38 patients with histologically confirmed astrocytomas were reviewed to search for a relationship of signal intensity with grade of malignancy, rediotherapy used for recurrent tumours and calcium deposits in surgical specimens. Signal intensity of tumours compared with normal brain was rated on a scale of 1 to 5 on T1- and T2-weighted images. Surgical specimens of each tumour were graded histopathologically on a scale of I to III and examined for calcium deposits. CT scans were searched for evidence of calcification. The majority of astrocytomas appeared hypointense on T1-weighted and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. Of 18 tumours with increased signal on T1-weighted images, grade II were prevalent, followed by calcified astrocytomas. Among 14 tumours with decreased signal on T2-weighted images the order was similar, but the ratio of high-grade to low-grade tumours did not differ in relation to signal intensity, while on T1-weighted images the ratio was higher in the group with increased signal intensity. A high grade of malignancy and microcalcifications were associated with an increased signal intensity of astrocytomas on T1-weighted sequences without contrast agent. The above factors did not influence significantly the signal intensity on T2-weighted images.
Comprehensive assessment of postischemic vascular reactivity in Hispanic children and adults with and without diabetes mellitus

Background: To examine the whole postischemic hyperemic response period in Hispanic children and adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and offer insight into the potential adaptive mechanisms involved in the arterial response to disturbances in vascular homeostasis. Methods: Ninety-eight adults and 124 children of Hispanics participated in the study. Endothelial function was assessed in the brachial artery using high-resolution ultrasonography (HRU). A continuous scan was taken for 5 min during the hyperemic response, flow velocity (FV) recordings and diameter measurements were obtained, and brachial arterial blood flow (BF) was calculated after the cuff deflation. Results: The increment in FV during the reactive hyperemic period was higher in obese and in diabetic children than in lean healthy children, although the time to reach peak brachial artery diameter (BAD) and the per cent increase in peak diameter were comparable in all three groups. In subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), the hyperemic peak increase in FV was comparable to those in healthy adults. In diabetic patients, the peak increase in BAD as well as the per cent increment in the diameter were reduced at 50–60 s after the release of the arm cuff. The time to reach the peak increase in diameter also was prolonged in diabetics when compared with healthy adults. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates clear differences in the normal vascular response between healthy children and healthy adults and discloses the presence of additional abnormalities in the flow-mediated vasodilation in diabetic and ‘prediabetic’ subjects.
Optical activity of polypeptides and proteins.

Using methods described in a previous publication the optical activity of a number of polypeptides and proteins has been calculated. The systems included the α-helix, the two β-structures, polyproline I, polyproline II, collagen and collagen models, and poly-N-methylalanine. In addition to these orderded structures, calculations were also performed on the α, β and nonperiodic regions of myoglobin, lysozyme, ribonuclease-S and β-chymotrypsin. The α and β structures in prteins differ from the polypeptide models by being very short and partially disordered. It is concluded that the 222-nm band of the α-helix is a good method for detecting helices in proteins but that the 207-and 191-nm bands of the helix will not fit a linear superposition model. The circular dichroism of the so-called β regions of proteins differs markedly from that for ideal β structure because of breakdownin symmetry. As a result estimates of β-structure in proteins based on polypeptide models are not likely to be quantitative. The theoretical methods give an adequate account of the optical activity of all the ordered polypeptides except polyproline II and collagen and (by inference) the nonperiodic chains in the various proteins. This difficulty is the remaining barrier to a complete theory of the optical activity of the polypeptide backbone in globular proteins.
A low-density boundary-layer wind tunnel facility

This abstract describes a low-density wind-tunnel facility that was established at NASA Ames in order to aid interpretation and understanding of data received from the Mariner and Viking spacecraft through earth-based simulation. The wind tunnel is a boundary-layer type which is capable of operating over a range of air densities ranging from 0.01 to 1.24 kg/cu m, with the lower values being equivalent to the near-surface density of the planet Mars. Although the facility was developed for space and extraterrestrial simulation, it also can serve as a relatively large-scale, low-density aerodynamic test facility. A description of this unique test facility and some Pitot-tube and hot-wire anemometry data acquired in the facility are presented.
Conclusion to special issue on psychoanalysis, trauma and community: Psychoanalysts out of the office

The present special issue highlights the individual contributions, innovative research and therapeutic interventions outside the office of two generations of psychoanalysts. Taking testimony; interviewing; documentary film-making; social activism; and direct clinical interventions in communities suffering disaster and chronic social trauma: these are among the varied kinds of innovative work presented by the contributing authors. A main theme emerging from the articles has to do with the challenges analysts need to be prepared for in extending interventions beyond the office. Flexibility and willingness to modify technique, in conjunction with faithfulness to the core psychoanalytic concepts of the unconscious, transference and countertransference, are key to non-traditional clinical work.
Taxon‐specific C/N relative use efficiency for amino acids in an estuarine community

Microbial activity plays a critical role in determining the nutrient status of an ecosystem (i.e. N or C limitation). While the balance of C/N assimilation has been measured at the whole community scale, quantitative detection of N and C assimilation from a single substrate at the scale of individual taxa has not been carried out. We recently developed Chip-SIP, a microarray and NanoSIMS-based method for linking microbial phylogeny and function that allows simultaneous measurement of 15N and 13C incorporation. Here, we measured the relative incorporation of C and N from dual-labeled substrates by individual microbial taxa in bottle incubations of samples collected from an estuary. Incubation times < 24 h were sufficient to successfully detect active microbes incorporating 15N ammonium. In subsequent experiments, we used the incorporation of labeled amino acids (AAs) as a proxy for heterotrophic activity and showed different levels of incorporation among different taxonomic groups. Taxon-specific differences in the net incorporation of AA-derived C and N indicate that the C/N relative use efficiency ranged from 0.8 to 1.4, where 1 reflects stoichiometric incorporation of C and N. Our results revealed that microbial organic matter processing is affected by taxon-specific physiological diversity, both in terms of general activity levels and in the ratio of assimilated C/N.
Treatment of persistent or recurrent ovarian carcinoma with sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil.

Abstract Seventeen patients with persistent or recurrent epithelial cancer of the ovary were treated sequentially with methotrexate 125 mg/m 2 or 250 mg/m 2 iv followed in 1 hr with 5-fluorouracil 600 mg/m 2 iv and in 24 hr with leucovorin rescue factor 10 mg/m 2 q 6 hr for 6 doses every 14 days. Sixteen patients had Stage III or IV disease; one patient had Stage IIB disease. There were no complete or partial responders; nine patients had stabilization of disease for at least 1 month and three for greater than 4 months. There was minimal toxicity in the 89 courses given, with 8.9% neutropenia (less than 3000/mm 3 ) and 2.2% thrombocytopenia (less than 100,000/mm 3 ). Two patients developed severe diarrhea; there Were no cases of mucositis.
Supercontinuum fiber laser source for reflectance calibrations in remote sensing

The Optical Technology Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provides reference measurements of specular and diffuse reflectance of materials, including measurements that provide traceability for diffuser plaques that are used as onboard calibration standards in remote sensing. We are developing new instrumentation that will enable angle-resolved Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) measurements using a supercontinuum fiber laser-based source and a tunable monochromator. A significant improvement in optical power density at the specimen over that of lamp-based sources is expected. We present an overview of the source design and evaluation, including the predicted impact of supercontinuum sources on our next generation of BRDF measurement instrumentation.
Long-Term Effects of Acetate and Propionate on Voluntary Feed Intake by Midlactation Cows

Our objective was to separate the effects of physical fill and acetate production in the regulation of voluntary feed intake. Eight ruminally fistulated Holstein cows in midlactation were fed a low forage diet or a high forage diet with or without continuous ruminal infusion of buffered acetate or propionate in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square with 21-d periods. Cows consumed about 3.5% of body weight as dry matter, and voluntary dry matter intake (DMI) was approximately 6% greater when cows were fed the low forage diet than when cows were fed the high forage diet. Infusion of 7.1 Mcal of net energy for lactation as acetate or propionate resulted in a reduction in DMI relative to the DMI when the high forage diet was fed alone; propionate infusion reduced intake more than did acetate infusion. Consumption of neutral detergent fiber was approximately 1.19 and 1.25% of body weight when cows were fed the low and high forage diets, respectively. Milk production was approximately 35 kg/d regardless of the diet fed, but an increase in milk fat production by cows receiving the acetate or propionate infusion resulted in an increase in fat-corrected milk. Neither neutral detergent fiber fill nor a threshold for acetate utilization appeared to limit DMI.
Atmospheric heat aging of carboxyl‐terminated polybutadiene

Thiokol HC 434 carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene on hot storage in air increases in viscosity and molecular weight until, finally, gelation occurs. It was found that rate of aging can vary greatly from lot to lot. The difference in aging between lots is thought to be caused by a decrease in the catalytic activity of metal ion impurities due to chelation by varying amounts of glutaric acid remaining in HC 434 after manufacture. Stability of poorer-aging HC 434 is improved by adding glutaric acid or other chelating agents.
Analysis of Metering and Billing Models of Private Pure Electric Vehicle Oriented Operation

This article investigates different energy replenishment modes of private pure electric vehicles, analyzes and compares the merits and drawbacks of various metering and billing models of different modes, and explains the implementation methods of each model. Firstly, it sketches the development of electric vehicle industry; then, it introduces three electric vehicle energy replenishment modes, and brings forward three models for private pure electric vehicle owners. It elaborates the three metering and billing models for private pure electric vehicles oriented operation, by emphatically analyzing the implementation principles of each model. At last, it declares that the model based on charging amount is optimal for the whole vehicle slow charging mode, while the model based on mileage or the model based on discharged amount suits for the battery exchanging mode and hybrid mode.
Attention Mechanisms for Social Engagements of Robots with Multiple People

Social robots need to have special human-robot interaction (HRI) systems to be accepted by people as natural partners. This paper first describes a multiple agent-based architecture designed to support HRI and then introduces an engagement mechanism based on attention distraction. The monitoring agent is a high-level agent that monitors and evaluates the surrounding environment and people. The interaction agent is another high-level agent that facilitates the seamless interaction between the robot and humans. The capability agent is a compound agent within the robot that is responsible for the robot's abilities and actions. The use of multiple HRI modalities in the engagement mechanism provides means for people to solicit the robot's attention while allowing the robot to ignore the distraction if it has recently become engaged with something else. The system has been successfully implemented and tested on a Pioneer 3-AT mobile robot
Single-shot interferometric approach to background free broadband coherent anti- Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy

We introduce a single-shot interferometric approach to suppress the nonresonant background (NRB) contribution to a broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectrum; this single-shot approach is conducive to rapid imaging. A pulse shaper prepares a narrowband pulse with two spectral components of differing phase. When the CARS fields generated by these two out-of-phase components are optically mixed, NRB signal is greatly reduced while a resonant CARS signal remains with minimal attenuation. We discuss and demonstrate two model schemes for the interfering pulse components: (1) two pulses with different bandwidths and the same center frequency (ps-fs scheme) and (2) two pulses with the same bandwidth and shifted center frequencies (ps-ps scheme). In both schemes, only the resonant signal from the “3-color” CARS mechanism survives. The resonant signal from “2-color” CARS mechanism vanishes along with the NRB. We discuss optimization conditions for signal intensity and shape of resonant CARS peaks. Experimental CARS spectra of c-hexane and benzonitrile demonstrate feasibility of these approaches.
Evidence that respiratory depression by serotonin agonists may be exerted in the central nervous system

Resting with CO2 stimulated respiration were measured by means of a whole body plethysmograph in rats lightly anesthetized with halothane. The respiratory effects of different doses of the serotonin precursor 5-HTP, and the serotonin agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine were studied as well as the effects of a serotonin antagonist methysergide and p-chlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis. The serotonergic agonists decreased tidal volume and minute volume in a dose dependent manner and produced a respiratory acidosis. The respiratory depressant effect was antagonized by methysergide, and the serotonergic antagonist and synthesis inhibitor alone stimulated respiration. Rats given intraventricular 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine also evidenced a decrease in tidal volume, and this response was greater in animals given 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. It seems likely that CNS serotonin receptors are involved in the control of both basal and CO2 stimulated respiration.
Matrix cracking repair and filling using active and passive modes for smart timed release of chemicals from fibers into cement matrices

Concrete and cement permeability (due to cracking and porosity) and brittleness can be addressed by the incorporation of chemicals in fibers, which are later released. This changes the material matrix properties just in time to prevent and repair damage. The conventional method to reduce cracking is fiber reinforcing and permeability is reduced by sealants and waterproofers or creation of a tighter microstructure of fewer, smaller pores. Our research combines the fibers and sealants together for internal timed release of chemicals from hollow fibers. This research specifically concerns the repair or healing of cracks and filling of voids in cementitious matrices by the internal release of repair chemicals from inside fibers into the hardened matrix. Two active and one passive mode of activation are studied.
Overview of Josephson technology logic and memory

This paper serves as an introduction to the other logic and memory papers in this issue. Basic concepts of superconductivity and electron tunneling underlying the operation of Josephson devices are outlined and an overview of the literature on the subject is presented, with emphasis on work performed at the IBM research laboratories since the beginnings of the Josephson computer technology program in 1965.
The co-evolution of integrated corporate financial networks and supply chain networks with insolvency risk

In this paper, we develop a modeling framework that integrates supply chain networks and corporate financial networks, and studies the co-evolution of the two types of networks. The framework allows one to investigate the following questions: (1) How do the physical product flows, demands and prices interplay with the corporate financial networks, and evolve over time with varying financial and economic conditions? (2) How do the financial flows, profits, and insolvency risks interplay with the supply chain networks, and evolve over time with varying financial and economic conditions? We illustrate the modeling framework with computational studies. In particular, the computational results demonstrate how the two types of networks interplay and evolve in a business environment similar to the one during the 2008–2009 financial crisis in which the credit markets tightened up and the product demands continued to decline.
Comment on a Recent Effective Single-Electron Theory Calculation of (g-2)2

Lai, Knight, and Eberly have recently calculated the lowest-order electron anomalous moment by using Heisenberg equations of motion in an effective single-electron theory. We point out some significant deficiences in their approach, especially with regard to self-mass contributions.
Equilibrium and stability of free-running, phase-locked, and mode-locked quasi-optical gyrotrons

Equilibria and stability (both single-mode and sideband) are calculated and contrasted for free-running, phase-locked, and mode-locked oscillator configurations in a quasi-optical gyrotron. The oscillator can be phase locked by direct injection of radiation into the oscillator cavity. The equilibrium and stability properties are not greatly affected at low injection power levels. Alternatively, the oscillator could be phase locked by prebunching the beam. If the beam is prebunched, there are dramatic effects on both equilibrium and stability. The transverse efficiency can be considerably enhanced by prebunching the beam. This prebunching can be done on either a phase-locked (using an external RF source) or mode-locked (using the oscillator output) configuration. The stable locking bandwidth turns out to be about half the omega /Q linewidth of the mode. >
A multi-language syntax-directed editor

A limitation of current selection-entry syntax-directed editors is that a particular editor is limited to manipulating programs in one particular programming language. A primary goal of the IMEGS research project was to construct a selection-entry syntax-directed editor which can manipulate programs in a wide variety of languages. An IMEGS prototype has been developed which contains a multi-language editor.
A mathematical model of stress generation and fracture in lithium manganese oxide

Fracture of Li y Mn 2 O 4 is predicted with a numerical model that calculates the stress generated in spherical particles due to lithium intercalation along the 4-V plateau and phase change along the 3-V plateau. In the former case, fracture is probable at the rates typical of high-power applications, while in the latter case, the probability of fracture is linked not to the discharge rate or particle size, but to the LiMn 2 O 4 /Li 2 Mn 2 O 4 phase ratio. The two-phase material should fracture immediately upon lithium extraction. The effects of variation in thermodynamic factor, diffusion coefficient, and lattice parameter are examined in detail.
Entanglement-based shape memory polyurethanes: Synthesis and characterization

Abstract In this paper, we report on the shape memory behavior of a family of hardblock-free multiblock thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) consisting of poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Due to high molecular weight (Mn > 200 kDa), high degrees of entanglement were achieved. Instead of conventional “hard” blocks, entanglements served as the physical crosslinks in this system, slowing stress relaxation (suspending flow) above the melting temperatures of the soft blocks long enough to allow facile elastic deformation for shape fixing. Moreover, highly deformed samples (>800%) imparted by plastic deformation at room temperature completely recovered their as-cast shape within 1 min when heating above the transition temperature. Upon tensile deformation, the constituent chains and domains of both PCL and PEG phases became oriented, while heating-induced recovery reversed this orientation, as evidenced by wide-angle and small-angle X-ray diffraction studies. The observed large recoverable deformation and fast actuation make these materials strong candidates for applications in such medical devices as self-tightening sutures.
Serological characterization of a nervous system/sperm antigen (NS-52): demonstration of its presence on murine preimplantation embryos.

Abstract Anti-NS-5 antiserum raised in C3H.SW/Sn mice against cerebellum of 4-day-old C57BL/6J mice could be shown to recognize two cell surface antigens on cerebellar cells, NS-5 1 and NS-5 2 , the latter antigen being shared with mouse and rat but not rabbit sperm. An antigen operationally identical to NS-5 2 was detected using indirect immunofluorescence staining on mouse preimplantation stages of development. While the unfertilized ova did not express detectable antigen on the cell surface, the fertilized egg expressed antigen shortly before the first cleavage division. From that stage onward, the anti-NS-5 antiserum stained the blastomeres of all stages, including the trophoblast cells and inner cell mass cells of the blastocyst. No difference in staining activity was observed for preimplantation embryos of various mouse strains analyzed: C57BL/6J, BALB/c, 129/J, C3H/DiSn, CKB × BALB.K, C3H.SW/Sn, and Swiss Webster mice. The staining activity was removed when the antiserum was preabsorbed with cerebellum or sperm from any of these mouse strains or with cerebellum and sperm of rats. Lymphocytes, thymocytes, liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle from early postnatal and adult mice and heart from early postnatal mice did not absorb the staining activity and neither did rabbit sperm nor cerebellum.
Problems in interdisciplinary policy research and management in government

With the increasing complexities of government policy and decision making, it has become necessary to take an interdisciplinary approach to policy analysis and problem solving. An attempt is made to describe the important managerial factors in the planning and implementation of a policy analysis organization based on the experience of the establishment of a telecommunications policy analysis function within the US Department of Commerce to provide policy research and analysis to the Executive Office of the President. The institutional factors, problems, and needs particular to government are stressed.
Hepatopancreatic uptake and elimination of 5-fluorouracil after intravenous injection

Abstract The efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) chemotherapy depends, in part, upon maintaining adequate intracellular levels of active metabolites. The uptake, distribution and elimination of 5FU and 5FU-anabolites were determined after an intravenous bolus infusion of 5FU, 15 mg kg −1 , and the relationship between serum and tissue levels was evaluated. In six dogs samples of liver, pancreas, rectus abdominus muscle, blood, bile and pancreatic juice were collected at 0, 15, 45, 90 and 120 min. Bile and pancreatic juice levels of 5FU followed the same pattern as the serum, rising rapidly and falling exponentially, suggesting elimination by simple diffusion. Elimination of anabolites was more complex. Tissue levels of anabolites were highest in the liver and peaked later than in the pancreas and muscle. They were unrelated to serum levels of 5FU. The higher and more sustained levels of 5FU-anabolites in the liver may be responsible for some of the beneficial effects of 5FU chemotherapy on hepatic tumours.