cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disconnecting to Detach: The Role of Impaired Recovery in Negative Consequences of Workplace Telepressure

espanolRESUMEN Las tecnologias de informacion y comunicacion (TIC) ofrecen las ventajas de estar conectados y aumentar la flexibilidad laboral de los empleados, aunque tienen consecuencias conductuales y psicologicas negativas. Esta investigacion analiza las consecuencias que tiene la telepresion, referida a la preocupacion y urgencia en responder rapidamente a mensajes relativos al trabajo (utilizando las TIC), sobre el desempeno fisico y psicologico de los trabajadores y sobre el papel intermediario que juegan la desvinculacion psicologica y el cruzar los limites del trabajo. Se paso un cuestionario en linea a 233 trabajadores a tiempo completo. Observamos las relaciones bivariadas de la telepresion y sus consecuencias en la salud (por ejemplo, agotamiento emocional o mala calidad del sueno), el desapego psicologico y el franqueo de los limites del trabajo. Los analisis de bootstrap de los efectos indirectos mostraron que solo el franqueo de estos limites constituye un camino valido para asociar la telepresion con la fatiga fisica, la mala calidad de sueno y dormir poco. Se discuten las implicaciones del papel interventor que tiene el cruzar los limites del trabajo y sus relaciones entre la telepresion y las consecuencias negativas para la salud. EnglishABSTRACT Information and communication technologies (ICT) afford benefits in staying connected and increasing work flexibility for employees; however, they also bring us negative behavioral and psychological outcomes. This research examines the potential consequences of workplace telepressure, referring to the preoccupation with and urge to respond quickly to work-related ICT messages, on employee physical and psychological outcomes and the intervening roles of psychological detachment and boundary-crossing behaviors. A sample of 233 full-time workers from an online survey panel completed an online questionnaire. We observed bivariate relationships between workplace telepressure and health outcomes (i.e., employee burnout, poor sleep quality), psychological detachment, and boundary crossing. Bootstrapped indirect effects analyses showed that only boundary crossing provided a viable pathway by which workplace telepressure was associated with physical fatigue, poor sleep quality, and low sleep quantity. Implications of the intervening role of boundary crossing and the relationships between workplace telepressure and negative health outcomes are discussed.
Desktop Publishing, Part 2

The articles in this special section examine the history of desktop publishing. This is the second in a series of articles on this topic. The first issue appeared in the Fall of 2018 (Vol. 40, Issue 3). The first series focused on the developments in the 1960s and 1970s for computer-driven printing and for the technologies that led, in the 1980s and 1990s, to the commercial growth of the desktop publishing industry. This second desktop publishing issue continues the story by describing how the technologies developed in the 1970s, both for the printing industry and at Xerox PARC, became the foundation for the growth of a number of desktoppublishing software companies, including Adobe, Aldus, Quark, Frame Technology and Ventura, as well as Apple’s seminal entry in the industry with the Macintosh, LaserWriter, PostScript (from Adobe), and Page Maker (from Aldus).
The interplay between the genetic and immune landscapes of AML: mechanisms and implications for risk stratification and therapy

AML holds a unique place in the history of immunotherapy by virtue of being among the first malignancies in which durable remissions were achieved with "adoptive immunotherapy," now known as allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The successful deployment of unselected adoptive cell therapy established AML as a disease responsive to immunomodulation. Classification systems for AML have been refined and expanded over the years in an effort to capture the variability of this heterogeneous disease and risk-stratify patients. Current systems increasingly incorporate information about cytogenetic alterations and genetic mutations. The advent of next generation sequencing technology has enabled the comprehensive identification of recurrent genetic mutations, many with predictive power. Recurrent genetic mutations found in AML have been intensely studied from a cell intrinsic perspective leading to the genesis of multiple, recently approved targeted therapies including IDH1/2-mutant inhibitors and FLT3-ITD/-TKD inhibitors. However, there is a paucity of data on the effects of these targeted agents on the leukemia microenvironment, including the immune system. Recently, the phenomenal success of checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells has re-ignited interest in understanding the mechanisms leading to immune dysregulation and suppression in leukemia, with the objective of harnessing the power of the immune system via novel immunotherapeutics. A paradigm has emerged that places crosstalk with the immune system at the crux of any effective therapy. Ongoing research will reveal how AML genetics inform the composition of the immune microenvironment paving the way for personalized immunotherapy.
Abstract C26: Oncogenic mechanism of soluble keratin 17 offers potential therapeutic vulnerability in pancreatic cancer

Clinical Need and Objectives: Our previous reports suggest that keratin 17 (K17), an intermediate filament (IF), is an oncoprotein and biomarker of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant form of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Importantly, K17 transitions from its “insoluble” IF form to a “soluble” form that can regulate cell cycle progression and gene expression, though the mechanisms that mediate K17 solubilization are yet unknown. Determining these mechanisms may uncover new keratin 17-specific PDAC therapeutic vulnerabilities. Methods and Results: We found that in human and murine PDAC models, the soluble fraction of K17 exists in the full-length form (flK17) and as a caspase-cleaved peptide (ccK17), each with potential roles as biomarkers and/or functional drivers of PDAC aggression. In a PDAC tumor mouse model and human samples, we show, independent of total K17 protein amount, that the percent of soluble and ccK17 in tumor cells is negatively prognostic. We sequenced both the soluble and cytoskeletal insoluble forms of K17 from primary PDACs using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and identified that K17 is phosphorylated on several N-terminal serine residues, some of which identify a semiconserved IF motif that may regulate caspase cleavage and solubilization. Serine phosphatase inhibition in vitro demonstrated that phosphorylation is necessary to trigger K17 solubilization followed by nuclear translocation. Mutagenesis of N-terminal serine sites demonstrated that phosphorylation of three serine residues is sufficient to solubilize K17 from its filamentous state, and that phosphorylation of K17 by a PKC-RSK signaling pathway is likely to induce solubilization. In vitro and in vivo experiments are ongoing to address the functional role of this mechanism in regulating PDAC pathogenesis. Conclusion: Phosphorylation is an important regulator of K17 dynamics in PDAC, promoting solubilization and, in some cases, caspase cleavage. Our results suggest that soluble K17 may have a functional role in promoting tumor aggression. Inhibiting RSK or PKC kinases that phosphorylate K17 could impact tumor growth by blocking K17 solubilization/cleavage, and this line of research could accelerate the development of more effective treatments, coupled to soluble K17 testing as a predictive biomarker for PDAC. Citation Format: Ryan R. Kawalerski, Lucia Roa-Pena, Luke A. Torre-Healy, Taryn Boyle, Cindy V. Leiton, Natasha T. Snider, Kenneth R. Shroyer, Luisa F. Escobar-Hoyos. Oncogenic mechanism of soluble keratin 17 offers potential therapeutic vulnerability in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr C26.
An Elementary Proof of the Irrationality of e

We present a proof of the irrationality of e that requires (almost) no calculus. Motivated by e=1+11!+12!+13!+⋯=1+11(1+12(1+13(1+⋯))) , let’s define a sequence {xn}n∈N by xn=1n+1n(n+1)+1n(n+1)(n+2)...
Experimental Determination of the Branching Ratio Γ(η-->π + π - γ)Γ(η-->π + π - π 0 )

The experimental procedures and cutoffs that were applied to a sample were given in detail and the results compared with theoretical predictions. (C.E.S.)
Are Returns to Investment Lower for the Poor? Human and Physical Capital Interactions in Rural Vietnam

If the marginal gains from investment in physical capital depend positively on knowledge, but a household cannot hire skilled labor to compensate for low skills, then even if it has access to credit, the household will achieve lower returns than an educated household. If, as is common, the income-poor are less educated because of failures in the credit market, and because they live in areas where there is less access to schooling, then the poor will also have lower returns on investments. The author tests this argument for the case of irrigation infrastructure in Vietnam. She asks how a household's education level, and demographic characteristics influence the gains to household income from irrigating previously unirrigated land. The next marginal benefit of irrigation increases strongly with the education of a household. The results suggest that unless disparities in education are addressed, market-oriented reforms will generate inequitable agricultural growth in Vietnam.
Orienting to Otherness: Intellectual Humility, Moral Foundations, and Mature Alterity Outcomes

Scholars and practitioners have increasingly called for the development of social justice commitment, intercultural competence, and appreciation of diversity among ministers and helping professiona...
Courts Should Make Mediations Good Samaritans Not Frankensteins

Using a recent California appellate decision as a jumping off point, this short article identifies problems with mandatory mediation. It recommends that courts use good dispute system design procedures to help fulfill the goals of mediation as Good Samaritans and to reduce risks of creating Frankensteins – mediation that produces injustices. The discussion begins by analyzing Breslin v. Breslin, a recent 2-1 decision by the California Court of Appeal. In this probate case, some potential beneficiaries failed to attend mandated mediation. The parties who attended the mediation reached an agreement and the appellate court upheld a decision enforcing the agreement, thus causing the non-participating parties to forfeit their rights. The majority wrote, “the mediation ordered by the probate court, like the trial in Smith, was an essential part of the probate proceedings.” This article explains how litigation and mediation are fundamentally different and thus why the Court’s perspective takes dispute resolution down the wrong road. This article argues that courts should use dispute system design methods to review their mediation policies so that parties generally feel that mediation is inviting, non-coercive, and not a threat to their legal rights. Courts ordering parties to attend mediation should protect their rights to a distinct, voluntary negotiation process. Courts may better achieve their goals by using policies instead of or in addition to mandatory mediation.
Andrew Fernando Holmes: Protestantism, Medicine, and Science in Nineteenth-Century Montreal

Andrew Fernando Holmes (1797–1860) is remembered mostly as co-founder of McGill University’s Faculty of Medicine, Canada’s oldest, and arguably, most prestigious medical school that in a few years ...
Alignment Genres and Practices: Lessons from Nonprofit Partnership Projects in Content Strategy

Successful nonprofit partnership projects in technical and professional writing courses require alignment between students, the instructor, and nonprofit partners. In content strategy projects, alignment is particularly challenging to establish and maintain, given the range of possible deliverables and the unsettled boundaries of content strategy as a professional practice. This report argues for the importance of alignment genres and alignment practices, which serve to frame, elicit, and calibrate expectations and activity in partnership projects. The report, based on retrospective analysis of five of the author's content strategy courses, both shows how these genres and practices can be deployed sequentially in one academic term and details several novel and important alignment genres and practices.
The Metaphysics of Everyday Life: An Essay in Practical Realism

Lynne Rudder Baker presents and defends a unique account of the material world: the Constitution View. In contrast to leading metaphysical views that take everyday things to be either non-existent or reducible to micro-objects, the Constitution View construes familiar things as irreducible parts of reality. Although they are ultimately constituted by microphysical particles, everyday objects are neither identical to, nor reducible to, the aggregates of microphysical particles that constitute them. The result is genuine ontological diversity: people, bacteria, donkeys, mountains and microscopes are fundamentally different kinds of things - all constituted by, but not identical to, aggregates of particles. Baker supports her account with discussions of non-reductive causation, vagueness, mereology, artefacts, three-dimensionalism, ontological novelty, ontological levels and emergence. The upshot is a unified ontological theory of the entire material world that irreducibly contains people, as well as non-human living things and inanimate objects.
Properties of Porous Electrodes

Practical units of fuel cells could not operate without porous electrode structures. Porous electrodes with their large electrochemically active surface allow reasonable currents to be supplied at acceptable losses due to polarization (see section 2 of chapter II). Although a few properties, like maximum available surface of electrocatalyst and hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of carbonaceous species for Teflon-bonded platinum black electrodes, and formation of oxygen layers for Raney nickel electrodes, have been discussed in preceding chapters, a discussion of the parameters that determine the operation of porous electrodes had to be offered in a separate chapter. While the empirical aspects concerning the operation of porous electrodes are covered in this chapter, theoretical aspects are dealt with in chapter XVI.
Fault Tree Analysis for Medical Applications

This chapter expands fault tree analysis (FTA) introduced in Chap. 2 to medical applications. The history of FTA is discussed to introduce the reader to the diversity of fields in which it finds applications for safety and discovering the root causes of mishaps. FTA is a form of backwards thinking where the investigator starts from an event and searches for the sequence of failures which led to that event. FTA is both qualitative and quantitative, therefore it lends itself well to analysis. In this chapter, a brief review of the material introduced in Chap. 2 is presented followed by case examples where the method helped arrive at the final diagnosis.
Fuzzy adapting vigilance parameter of ART-II neural nets

The ART-II model that self-organizes stable recognition codes in real-time is capable of recognizing arbitrary sequences. Based on the feedback mechanism in ART-II, this paper analyses its dynamical process and characteristics of convergence, and defines the concepts of attractive basin, self-stability, focus point. A fuzzy adaptive vigilance /spl rho/ algorithm, with /spl rho/ optimally tailored in signal processing under noisy environment, is proposed. The improved ART-II model with the fuzzy adaptive /spl rho/ has the capability of tolerating and correcting error in the memory while preserving the pattern sensitivity for signal recognition. The new algorithm overcomes the weakness of fixed /spl rho/ which may cause the spurious memory. An intelligent signal processing system is constructed for the recognition of multifrequency patterns in telecommunication. The result of simulation demonstrates that the ART-II model with fuzzy adaptive /spl rho/ recognizes signals at lower signal-to-noise ratio than original one with fixed /spl rho/. >
Lower Education Status Associates With Axial Motor Burden In Parkinson Disease (P5.265)

Background: Lower educational status is a risk factor for dementia amongst elderly individuals. Axial motor impairments in Parkinson disease (PD) significantly influence mortality and quality of life and are typically less responsive to dopaminergic medications. Axial motor features are thought to be caused by neurodegeneration in extranigral systems whose varied underlying causes may share pathogenic overlap with mechanisms seen in other common dementing disorders. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional clinical-neuroimaging study of 85 subjects with Parkinson disease to explore the association between years of education and axial motor burden as determined by the summed 5-item Levy B criteria assessed using the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) motor exam. Multivariable linear regression was used to control for possible confounders including subject age, disease duration, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score, total adjusted gray matter volume on T1-weighted MRI estimated using Freesurfer, and degree of nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation estimated by striatal [11C]dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ) distribution volume ratio (DVR) relative to the neocortex. Results: The overall regression model significantly predicted axial motor burden (F=6.10, p<0.0001). Years of education (t=-2.10, p=0.0387), age (t=2.77, p=0.0071) and striatal DTBZ DVR (t=-2.74, p =0.0076) associated with axial motor burden severity. MoCA score (t=-0.89, p=0.3784), total adjusted gray matter volume (t=1.02, p=0.3086), and disease duration (t=1.86, p=0.0673) were not significant predictors in the multivariable model. Conclusions: Lower education status may be a risk factor for axial motor impairments in Parkinson disease. This effect is not fully explained by comorbid cognitive dysfunction, severity of dopaminergic denervation, or alterations in total grey matter volume and may relate to other unmeasured--and potentially alterable--factors including health behaviors and other risk factors more prevalent amongst those with lower educational status. Supported by NIH grants PO1 NS015655, RO1 NS070856, Department of Veterans Affairs and the Michael J. Fox Foundation. Disclosure: Dr. Albin has received personal compensation for activities with Best Doctors. Dr. Muller has nothing to disclose. Dr. Koeppe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Frey has received personal compensation for activities with Bayer Schering, Avid Radiopharmaceuticals Inc., MIMVista Inc., and General Electric Healthcare as a consultant. Dr. Frey holds stock and/or stock options in General Electric, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Merck & Co., and Novo-Nordisk. Dr. Bohnen has nothing to disclose.
MODEL TESTING OF TENSION LEG PLATFORMS - PART I: SIMULATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LOADING

The present paper documents the experiences of the Hydraulics Laboratory of the National Research Council of Canada in the model testing of offshore structures in general, and tension leg platforms in particular. In Part I, the experimental test facility setup for the generation of the wind loading, currents, and wave conditions is described. Techniques for the synthesis and calibration of regular and irregular long-crested waves, and multi-directional waves are discussed in detail. The description of the model construction, associated instrumentation and data processing methods are presented in Part II of this paper, see the following abstract.
A Unified Framework for Evaluation Metrics in Classification Using Decision Trees

Most evaluation metrics in classification are designed to reward class uniformity in the example subsets induced by a feature (e.g., Information Gain). Other metrics are designed to reward discrimination power in the context of feature selection as a means to combat the feature-interaction problem (e.g., Relief, Contextual Merit). We define a new framework that combines the strengths of both kinds of metrics. Our framework enriches the available information when considering which feature to use to partition the training set. Since most metrics rely on only a small fraction of this information, this framework enlarges the space of possible metrics. Experiments on real-world domains in the context of decision-tree learning show how a simple setting for our framework compares well with standard metrics.
COLLECTIVE ACTION ON THE WEB: A cross-cultural study of social networking sites and online and offline activism in the United States and Latin America

Social networking sites (SNS) are credited with organizing protesters in Colombia and Guatemala, and mobilizing voters in the United States. With SNS increasingly used to mobilize collective action, this cross-cultural study surveyed activists in the United States and Latin America to examine how respondents perceived the usefulness and the potential of SNS for activism. This quantitative and qualitative research found that respondents from both regions use SNS to mobilize supporters both online and offline. Whether respondents' activism occurred mostly offline, mostly online, or equally offline and online, they all participated equally in offline activism. Countering previous research doubting the ability of online activism to inspire offline actions, results show respondents believe that online activism translates into offline activism, and that SNS play an important role in contemporary activism. Still, US activists were more likely than those in Latin America to use SNS for activism, or to say their a...
International Law and its Application: Biodiversity and International Obligations Derived from Natural Genetic Resources in Costa Rica

Sharing benefits arising from the utilization of Natural Genetic Resources is one of the main problems addressed by the Convention on Biological Diversity though the obligation to Member States to take legal, administrative and policy measures towards its application at the national level because all Member States (developing countries as well as developed countries) should honour “pacta sunt servanda”. Without honouring this international law obligation derived from an international treaty a violations of an international obligations is derived. It is possible to find one example of such application. This article focuses on the interpretation of article 15. 7 of the Convention on Biological Diversity to apply this international obligation into national legal rights and obligations, to comply with the obligation and the second step, the application of this national legal rules in the territory of a State, Costa Rica.
A generalized acceleration model for Kalman filter trackers

Kalman filter trackers used for radar tracking typically model target accelerations as plant noises that are assumed to last for the entire sample interval. That assumption is so ubiquitous that it is rarely stated explicitly. In this paper we present a generalized model in which accelerations endure less than the sample interval, and derive a new formula for plant noise covariance that is a function of the interval length and the acceleration's endurance and start time. We explore the limiting behavior of this formula as acceleration endurance vanishes, and also show that position and velocity gains can be traded off by simply moving the acceleration earlier or later in the sample interval.
Proof Identity for Classical Logic: Generalizing to Normality

The problem of the identity criteria for proofs can be traced to Hilbert and Prawitz. One of the approaches, which uses the concept of generality of proofs, was suggested in 1968 by Lambek. Following his ideas, we propose a language and a logic to represent Hilbert-style proofs for classical propositional logic by adapting the Logic of Proofs ( LP ) introduced by Artemov in 1994. We prove that proof polynomials, the objects representing Hilbert derivations in LP , are sufficient to realize all propositional derivations, with or without hypotheses. We also show that proof polynomials respect the ideas of generality and provide an algorithm for determining whether two given proof polynomials represent the same proof. These results naturally extend similar properties of combinatory logic demonstrated by Hindley. The language of LP allows us to formally capture more structure of Hilbert-style proofs. In particular, we show how the well-known phenomenon of proof composition in classical logic manifests itself in the case of Hilbert proofs.
Intersection homology of regular and cylindrical neighborhoods

Abstract We develop a spectral sequence for the intersection homology of regular neighborhoods in PL stratified pseudomanifolds and of certain cylindrical neighborhoods of pure subsets in homotopically stratified spaces. We also develop a theory of simplicial homology with stratified systems of local coefficients and show that the E 2 terms of our spectral sequences are computable in terms of the homology of the “base” space with a suitably defined stratified system of local coefficients.
Chlorisondamine, a non-competitive ganglionic blocker, antagonizes the cardiovascular effects of cocaine in conscious squirrel monkeys.

Abstract Cocaine (0.3 mg/kg i.v.) produced prolonged pressor and tachycardiac responses in conscious squirrel monkeys. Peak pressor and tachycardiac responses following cocaine were 32.7±3.3 mm Hg and 78.8±7.4 beats/min, respectively. Pretreatment with 1 mg/kg chlorisondamine, a noncompetitive ganglionic blocker, attenuated the pressor (18.3±3.8 mm Hg) and tachycardiac (63.7±10 beats/min) effects of cocaine, while 5 mg/kg chlorisondamine completely prevented these effects of cocaine. This finding supports the conclusion that the cardiovascular effects of cocaine are centrally mediated.
Protonated propylene oxide is stable towards isomerization in the gas phase

The relative stabilities of gaseous protonated propylene oxide and its isomers, protonated propanal, oxetane and acetone, were reinvestigated in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer by using multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometri experiments. The dependence of ion structure on internal energy was examined by generating the ions in proton transfer reactions with different exothermicities and then probing their structures by using energy-resolved mass spectrometry (collision-activated dissociation as a function of collision energy). In contrast to results obtained in several recent investigations, protonated propylene oxide was found to be distinct from its more stable isomers when generated with only a small amount of internal energy. When the exothermicity of the proton transfer reaction was higher than 6 kcal mol−1 (1 kcal = 4·184 kJ) or when the epoxide ion was subjected to multiple activating collisions, rapid isomerization to protonated propanal occurred. The energy required for opening of the epoxide ring estimated to be similar to that measured earlier for protonated cyclohexene oxide (5–10 kcal mol−1).
Aspects of the Kelvin wave response to episodic wind forcing

Episodes of westerly wind are an important aspect of surface stress variability in the western Pacific. During ENSO periods, the presence of such wind episodes comprises much of the LF relaxation of the trades over the central and western Pacific. This paper describes the oceanic Kelvin pulse response to a single idealized episode of westerly wind stress, using results from linear theory as well as from a 27-level general circulation model. When stratification typical of the western and eastern Pacific is used, the conservation of energy flux predicts a reduction of surface currents associated with the first baroclinic mode and an enhancement of surface currents associated with the second baroclinic mode. The idealized wind anomaly is also used to drive an ocean general circulation model. When the wind anomaly is weak, the model Kelvin response agrees with predictions of linear theory. For more realistic strong forcing there are three important deviations from linear theory: the amplitude of low baroclinic modes increases; the amplitude of higher baroclinic modes decreases; and the phase speed increases.
The History of the Near Eastern Telegraphs Before the First World War

The History of the Near Eastern Telegraphs Before the First World War Jorma Ahvenainen Helsinki, Finnish Academy of Science and Letters, 2011 352 pp., ISBN 978-951-41-1042-9 (€35.00 paperback) Jorm...
Ward identities in two-dimensional gravity

Abstract We study the decoupling of null states in two-dimensional gravity, using methods of critical string theory. We identify a family of null states which fail to decouple due to curvature and boundary terms. This gives relations involving amplitudes at different genus. At genus zero, these determine certain operator product coefficients. At genus one, they determine the partition function. At higher genus, we obtain a relation similar in form to the Painleve equation, but due to an incomplete understanding of a certain ghost/curvature term we do not have a closed relation for the partition function. Our results appear to correspond to the L 0 and L 1 equations in the topological and matrix model approaches.
Comparison of Bender Error and Time Scores for Groups of Epileptic, Retarded, and Behavior-Problem Children

Bender error and time score comparisons were made between groups of 16 epileptic, 27 mentally retarded and 33 school and/or behavior problem children. The results indicated that there were significant differences in error scores between the epileptic and the school/behavior problem groups and between retarded and the school/behavior problem groups, but there were no significant differences in time scores for any groups. An attempt was made to assign children to their appropriate groups by using error or time scores alone; no single cut-off score was better than chance for accurately assigning group membership, however, a two-dimensional plot using both error and time scores was. The importance of this system for clinical diagnosis is discussed. Correlations between IQ, error and time scores and age are reported for each diagnostic group.
All in the family: New York food voice narratives

New York is ripe in its potential for expression and grounding through food where, throughout the city, production, processing, preparation, gathering, and eating occur in varied forms. One part of a book about New York City foodways (Columbia University Press, forthcoming) includes four food voice narratives. This presentation excerpts three of them as illustration of the common ground of family with different food voice tenors. Bronx, Manhattan, and Brooklyn-based narratives are in process: one uses Joseph Campbell's mythic structure as a frame to tell the story of redemption through food and an enduring peace with/piece of her Bronx grandmother's soul. In another, the owner of a Manhattan-based ethnic food store ponders the history of and his relationship to the family business and finds that there is a soul within. Finally, a writer describes her foodways-centered upbringing which, after archival and ethnographic research later in life, connects and weaves into the fabric of the food history of Brooklyn.
Clathrin: a role in the intracellular retention of a Golgi membrane protein

Yeast mutants deficient in the clathrin heavy chain secrete a precursor form of the alpha-factor, a peptide-mating pheromone. Analysis of this defect indicates that the endoprotease Kex2p, which is responsible for initiating proteolytic maturation of the alpha-factor precursor in the Golgi apparatus, is unexpectedly present at the plasma membrane in mutant cells. This result suggest that clathrin is required for the retention of Kex2p in the Golgi apparatus.
X-ray observations of the supernova remnant MSH 11-54

Soft X-ray observations of the X-ray source H1122-59 in the 0.4-2 keV band made with the low-energy detector 1 of the HEAO A-2 experiment are described. Based on positional coincidence, the source is identified with the supernova remnant MSH-11-54, thus confirming the report of Share et al. (1980). The object is a bright source in the 0.4-2 keV band with an X-ray flux of 9 x 10 to the -11th ergs/sq cm s near the earth. The measured source spectrum implies a plasma temperature of 4 million K and X-ray luminosity in the 0.4-2 keV band of 10 to the 37th ergs/s using a distance of 10 kpc for MSH 11-54. The X-ray observations, interpreted in terms of an adiabatic shock wave model, give a shock velocity of about 560 km/s and a supernova age of about 2300 yr, in good agreement with the age derived from the radio observations.
Probing Protein Tertiary Structure with Amidination

A chemical derivatization method, amidination, that has recently been effectively employed in peptide mass spectrometry experiments is used to covalently modify lysines in several standard proteins. Protein and peptide mass spectra identify sites at which the reaction does or does not occur. This is therefore a rapid approach to elucidate solvent-accessible regions of folded proteins.
Characters of finite semigroups

Abstract Let S be a finite semigroup and let J1,…, Jr be the regular j -classes of S. Then the main theorem of this paper shows that ch S ≈ ch H1 X ··· X ch Hr where, for example, ch S denotes the character ring of S and H1,…, Hr are maximal subgroups of J1,…, Jr, respectively. As a consequence of this result, two representations of S are equivalent if and only if they are equivalent on the subgroups of S. Further, we show that each character of S can be uniquely expressed as an integral linear combination of what we term standard irreducible characters. As a consequence of this, the analog of an important theorem of Brauer [1] holds for finite semigroups; namely, every character of a finite semigroup can be expressed as an integral linear combination of characters induced from linear characters of its elementary subgroups.
Correlating conformational shift induction with altered inhibitor potency in a multidrug resistant HIV-1 protease variant.

Inhibitor-induced conformational ensemble shifts in a multidrug resistant HIV-1 protease variant, MDR769, are characterized by site-directed spin labeling double electron−electron resonance spectroscopy. For MDR769 compared to the native enzyme, changes in inhibitor IC50 values are related to a parameter defined as |ΔC|, which is the relative change in the inhibitor-induced shift to the closed state. Specifically, a linear correlation is found between |ΔC| and the magnitude of the change in IC50, provided that inhibitor binding is not too weak. Moreover, inhibitors that exhibit MDR769 resistance no longer induce a strong shift to a closed conformational ensemble as seen previously in the native enzyme.
Development and construct validity of a low-fidelity training platform for driving large and small suture needles.

Background The objective of this study was to describe and validate a novel training platform for driving large and small suture needles, which can ultimately be used for elemental vascular surgical training. Methods We developed a novel trainer and proficiency-based training curriculum that provides a platform for practice with handling fine vascular tools and needles as well as precision in suture targeting. The trainer comprises 2 concentric circles printed on cotton fiber material with 8 evenly spaced targets on each circle. The first exercise was designed for practice with Castroviejo needle drivers and a fine needle such that the needle is passed through all targets in sequential order. A second, larger figure serves the same function but is designed for conventional needle drivers and a larger needle. A total of 5 attending surgeons from vascular and trauma surgery were recruited to serve as “expert” participants. These surgeons completed 3 repetitions of each task, which were used to develop proficiency timing and quality standards for practice. The curriculum was validated by recruiting 10 senior surgical residents and 12 surgical interns. Senior residents completed 3 repetitions of each task. Each first-year resident completed a proctored pretest, trained to proficiency by self-paced practice on the trainer according to standards set by the attending surgeons, and completed a proctored posttest. Results First-year residents performed significantly worse on the pretest compared with senior residents and faculty surgeons on both exercises (small figure = 58.9 vs 174.2 vs 201.3, p Conclusions The vascular trainer platform demonstrated construct validity for self-paced elemental vascular surgical practice.
Effect of selenium-containing compounds on hepatic chemoprotective enzymes in mice

Selenite and organoselenium compounds have been examined at supranutritional levels for their ability to influence the activity and mRNA levels of chemoprotective enzymes in the livers of selenium-sufficient mice and the changes compared to those elicited by oltipraz. Compounds investigated included novel selenocysteine prodrugs that have previously been evaluated for their ability to reduce the tumorigenicity of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in mice. Following seven daily doses (i.g.), all compounds except 2-methylselenazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acid (MSCA) increased thioredoxin reductase activity (43-92%) but only for 2-oxoselenazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acid (OSCA) was there an accompanying increase in mRNA. No compound enhanced glutathione peroxidase activity, although sodium selenite significantly elevated the mRNA of this enzyme. Oltipraz was an efficacious inducer of both thioredoxin reductase and glutathione peroxidase mRNAs. Sodium selenite, selenazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acid (SCA), and OSCA elevated NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase mRNA but only for OSCA was the elevation in mRNA accompanied by an increase in enzyme activity. L-Selenocystine significantly increased this activity without increasing mRNA levels. Sodium selenite, L-selenocystine, L-selenomethionine, and Se-methyl-L-selenocysteine all enhanced glutathione S-transferase activity. The increased activity with sodium selenite was accompanied by increases in mRNAs of Gst alpha, Gst mu and Gst pi classes, while for L-selenocystine and Se-methyl-L-selenocysteine, only an elevation in the mRNA for the Gst alpha class was observed. Gst alpha and Gst mu class mRNAs were elevated by OSCA without a significant elevation in enzyme activity. SCA and MSCA both elevated a Gst pi mRNA and MSCA elevated Gst mu in addition. By comparison, oltipraz only significantly elevated the mRNA of Gst mu, adding to the conclusion that across the entire study, no selenium compound appears to be acting purely through the antioxidant response typified by oltipraz. Despite their chemical similarity, the three cysteine prodrugs, SCA, MSCA, and OSCA, each produced its own unique pattern of effects on protective enzymes and none was identical to the pattern elicited by sodium selenite, L-selenocystine, L-selenomethionine, and Se-methyl-L-selenocysteine. The study also shows that after 7 days of administration, there was only occasional concordance between elevations in mRNA and enzyme activity for any selenium compound and for any protective enzyme, there was no response in common for all selenium compounds.
Changes in the gastric enteric nervous system and muscle: A case report on two patients with diabetic gastroparesis

The pathophysiological basis of diabetic gastroparesis is poorly understood, in large part due to the almost complete lack of data on neuropathological and molecular changes in the stomachs of patients. Experimental models indicate various lesions affecting the vagus, muscle, enteric neurons, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) or other cellular components. The aim of this study was to use modern analytical methods to determine morphological and molecular changes in the gastric wall in patients with diabetic gastroparesis. Full thickness gastric biopsies were obtained laparoscopically from two gastroparetic patients undergoing surgical intervention and from disease-free areas of control subjects undergoing other forms of gastric surgery. Samples were processed for histological and immunohistochemical examination. Although both patients had severe refractory symptoms with malnutrition, requiring the placement of a gastric stimulator, one of them had no significant abnormalities as compared with controls. This patient had an abrupt onset of symptoms with a relatively short duration of diabetes that was well controlled. By contrast, the other patient had long standing brittle and poorly controlled diabetes with numerous episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis and frequent hypoglycemic episodes. Histological examination in this patient revealed increased fibrosis in the muscle layers as well as significantly fewer nerve fibers and myenteric neurons as assessed by PGP9.5 staining. Further, significant reduction was seen in staining for neuronal nitric oxide synthase, heme oxygenase-2, tyrosine hydroxylase as well as for c-KIT. We conclude that poor metabolic control is associated with significant pathological changes in the gastric wall that affect all major components including muscle, neurons and ICC. Severe symptoms can occur in the absence of these changes, however and may reflect vagal, central or hormonal influences. Gastroparesis is therefore likely to be a heterogeneous disorder. Careful molecular and pathological analysis may allow more precise phenotypic differentiation and shed insight into the underlying mechanisms as well as identify novel therapeutic targets.
Quantitative determination of the adiabatic condition using force-detected nuclear magnetic resonance

The adiabatic condition governing cyclic adiabatic inversion of proton spins in a micron-sized ammonium chloride crystal was studied using room temperature nuclear magnetic resonance force microscopy. A systematic degradation of signal-to-noise was observed as the adiabatic condition became violated. A theory of adiabatic following applicable to cyclic adiabatic inversion is reviewed and implemented to quantitatively determine an adiabaticity threshold $(\gamma H_1)^2/(\omega_{osc}\Omega) = 6.0$ from our experimental results.
Contextual learning in ground-penetrating radar data using Dirichlet process priors

In landmine detection applications, fluctuation of environmental and operating conditions can limit the performance of sensors based on ground-penetrating radar (GPR) technology. As these conditions vary, the classification and fusion rules necessary for achieving high detection and low false alarm rates may change. Therefore, context-dependent learning algorithms that exploit contextual variations of GPR data to alter decision rules have been considered for improving the performance of landmine detection systems. Past approaches to contextual learning have used both generative and discriminative methods to learn a probabilistic mixture of contexts, such as a Gaussian mixture, fuzzy c-means clustering, or a mixture of random sets. However, in these approaches the number of mixture components is pre-defined, which could be problematic if the number of contexts in a data collection is unknown a priori. In this work, a generative context model is proposed which requires no a priori knowledge in the number of mixture components. This was achieved through modeling the contextual distribution in a physics-based feature space with a Gaussian mixture, while also incorporating a Dirichlet process prior to model uncertainty in the number of mixture components. This Dirichlet process Gaussian mixture model (DPGMM) was then incorporated in the previously-developed Context-Dependent Feature Selection (CDFS) framework for fusion of multiple landmine detection algorithms. Experimental results suggest that when the DPGMM was incorporated into CDFS, the degree of performance improvement over conventional fusion was greater than when a conventional fixed-order context model was used.
Use of military antishock trouser in a child

Angiographic localization and embolization has emerged as the preferred mode of therapy for arterial bleeding associated with pelvic fractures but is not always definitive. Our experience demonstrates the use of an external counter pressure device (MAST) as an essential part of the pediatric surgeon's armamentarium and suggests the need for concurrent venography during angiographic localization of pelvic bleeding sites.
Indicator function and its application in two-level factorial designs

A two-level factorial design can be uniquely represented by a polynomial indicator function. Therefore, properties of factorial designs can be studied through their indicator functions. This paper shows that the indicator function is an effective tool in studying two-level factorial designs. The indicator function is used to generalize the aberration criterion of a regular two-level fractional factorial design to all two-level factorial designs. An important identity of generalized aberration is proved. The connection between a uniformity measure and aberration is also extended to all two-level factorial designs.
Effect of a static field on the stochastic layer of microwave-driven hydrogen.

We study the effect of a static field on the stochastic layer of microwave-driven hydrogen using two approaches. We use the Chirikov overlap criterion on the Hamiltonian to estimate the critical field strength required for global chaos. We then derive the whisker and standard maps for this system valid for arbitrary field strengths and use the standard map to obtain a second estimate for the onset of global chaos. The standard-map estimate agrees well with both strobe plots and the whisker map plots for this system. Throughout, we use parameter values typically found in experiments.
Characterisation of plant eating in dogs

Grass or plant eating is a widely recognized behaviour amongst domestic dogs. We first estimated the prevalence of plant eating by administering a written survey to owners of healthy dogs visiting the outpatient service of a veterinary medical teaching hospital for routine health maintenance procedures. Of 47 owners systematically surveyed whose dogs had daily exposure to plants, 79% reported that their dog had eaten grass or other plants. Using an internet survey targeting owners of plant-eating dogs, we then acquired information regarding the frequency and type of plants eaten, frequency with which dogs appeared ill before eating plants and frequency with which vomiting was seen afterwards. Of 3340 surveys returned, 1571 met enrollment criteria. Overall, 68% of dogs were reported to eat plants on a daily or weekly basis with the remainder eating plants once a month or less. Grass was the most frequently eaten plant by 79% of dogs. Only 9% were reported to frequently appear ill before eating plants and only 22% were reported to frequently vomit afterwards. While no relationship was found between sex, gonadal status, breed group or diet type with regard to frequency or type of plants eaten, a younger age was significantly associated with: (1) an increase in frequency of plant eating; (2) an increase in consuming non-grass plants; (3) a decrease in regularly showing signs of illness before eating plants and (4) a decrease in regularly vomiting after consuming plants. The findings support the perspective that plant eating is a normal behaviour of domestic dogs.