cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Southern pine beetle regional outbreaks modeled on landscape, climate and infestation history

The southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis, SPB) is the major insect pest of pine species in the southeastern United States. It attains outbreak population levels sufficient to mass attack host pines across the landscape at scales ranging from a single forest stand to interstate epidemics. This county level analysis selected and examined the best climatic and landscape variables for predicting infestations at regional scales. The analysis showed that, for a given county, the most important factor in predicting outbreaks was that the county was classified as in outbreak status in the previous year. Other important factors included minimum winter temperature and the greatest difference between the average of daily minimums and a subsequent low temperature point, precipitation history either seasonally in the previous year or difference from average over the previous 2 years, the synchronizing effect of seasonal temperatures on beetle populations and the relative percentage of total forest area composed of host species. The statistical models showed that climatic variables are stronger indicators of outbreak likelihood than landscape structure and cover variables. Average climatic conditions were more likely to lead to outbreaks than extreme conditions, supporting the notion of coupling between a native insect and its native host. Still, some extreme events (i.e., periods of very low temperature or very high precipitation) did precede beetle infestation. This analysis suggested that there are predisposing and inciting factors at the large scale but the driving factors leading to individual infestations operate at smaller scales. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Less is more: Command and control advantages of minor nuclear states

(1997). Less is more: Command and control advantages of minor nuclear states. Security Studies: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 50-92.
The approximation of nonlinearities in the filtered Navier-Stokes equations

Abstract Space and space-time filtering approaches for the numerical simulation of turbulent flow are described. Space-time filtering is presented as an attractive option for geophysical applications in which the scales of interest are large, not only in space, but also in time. It is argued that the space-time filtering procedure must rely on the use of non-integral approximations of the nonlinear terms that appear as a result of filtering the instantaneous advective terms in the Navier-Stokes equations. Accordingly, the generalization of the Leonard approximation in the framework of space-time filtering is described. In addition, an approximation for the cross terms is derived through theoretically justifiable arguments, by employing a Gaussian filter. The mathematical nature of the Leonard and cross terms approximations is investigated in physical and Fourier space. It is concluded that the series that give rise to both approximations have an asymptotic nature in a small parameter defined as the ratio of the smallest (numerically) resolvable scales and the dominant scales of the filtered velocity field. It is also shown that both approximations are equivalent to approximating the Gaussian filter by an osculating paraboloid in Fourier space. Finally, the filtering effect of numerical discretizations is examined. Since space filtering is a particular case of space-time filtering, the conclusions obtained in this paper are also valid in the LES context.
HEALTH AND WELFARE: WHOSE RESPONSIBILITY?

“In the face of the number of people we have come to be and the powerful forces we must command, bureaucracy is fated to proliferate. Function will seek to mold us to its needs which we take to be our own. Nothing will help us except each man's countervailing conviction that he is personally responsible for his client and neighbor” (Schorr, 1968, p. 14).
Jahn-Teller effect in the cyclopentadienyl radical: an example of three mode coupling

Abstract The cyclopentadienyl radical C5H5· vibronic wavefunctions and energy levels are calculated and used to discuss the vibrational structure of the allowed 2A″2 ←2E″1 electronic transition in C5H5 and allowed A←E transitions in similar systems in which Jahn-Teller coupling occurs through two or three vibrational modes. As has been pointed out by Alpert and Silbey, the vibrational pattern predicted for single mode coupling is markedly distorted. With larger coupling parameters than those used by Alpert and Silbey, in an E ← A transition (e.g., the benzene Rydberg states) progressions in the individual coupling vibrations cannot be distinguished. In an A ← E transition (e.g., C5H5·), the higher progression members lose intensity and combination levels in the coupling vibrations appear. In both cases, a complex pattern of 1-1 hot band splittings results. Comparison is made with the experimental C5H5· spectrum, and assignments are suggested for three of the observed A″2 state frequencies.
Increased cancer incidence in a Swedish cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: To assess the risk of cancer in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: A population-based cohort of 5 715 hospitalised SLE patients was followed 1964-1995 through linkage of the Hospital Discharge Register to the National Swedish Cancer Register. Results: In all, 443 malignancies occurred during the observation-period. The overall risk was increased by 25% (SIR = 1.25, CI 95% 1.14-1.37) and lymphomas constituted the major excess risk. The risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was nearly 3-fold increased (SIR = 2.86, CI 95% 1.96-4.04). There was also an increased risk of lung cancer (SIR = 1.73, CI 95% 1.25-2.32) and squamous cell skin cancer (SIR = 1.53, CI 95% 0.98-2.28), which was most pronounced at more than 15 years of follow-up. Conclusion: The major finding was a bimodal incidence pattern with an increased risk of lymphoma, mainly NHL, early during follow-up, but lung cancer and squamous skin cancer later on.
Comparison of Edwards Personal Preference Schedule Norms with Recent College Samples.

Summary Comparisons of the 15 major needs assessed by the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) were made between the original manual norms for college men and women published in 1959 and urban college men and women studied in 1973; between the means for Roman Catholic sisters published by Gardiner in 1973 and urban college women studied in 1973; between urban college men and urban college women studied in 1973; between urban college men and women studied in 1969 and urban college men and women studied in 1973. The major trends noted in the data were (a) a shift in the expressed needs of the sexes so that they were more nearly alike and (b) a similarity in the patterns of need changes for the sexes. It is suggested that these changes may be attributed to societal changes in the past decade.
Failure to achieve euglycemia despite aggressive insulin control signals abnormal physiologic response to trauma.

Abstract Purpose We hypothesize that a failure to normalize a patient's glucose on an automated euglycemia protocol signals an adverse response after trauma and that this response can identify patients with an increased mortality. Materials and Methods There were 1246 ventilated, critically ill trauma patients who were placed on an automated euglycemia. All glucose values collected both by laboratory serum measurements and by bedside arterial samples were included in the analysis. Results Forty six thousand two hundred eighteen data entries for glucose (mg/dL) were analyzed. Time to normalization, defined as the first value in the goal range of 80 to 110 mg/dL, was different between the 2 groups, survivors correcting significantly faster (396 vs 487 minutes; P = .003). Mortality in patients who normalized (80-110 mg/dL) in the first 6 hours of admission was 13.6% vs 18.3% in patients requiring greater than 6 hours (P = .02). Patients who never normalized also required significantly greater insulin doses despite there being no significant difference in demographic data between the 2 groups. Conclusions A posttraumatic patient's response to tight glycemic control revealed important prognostic information about the patients' physiologic status. Patients who failed to reach euglycemia in the first 6 hours of admission had an increased hospital mortality. The time to normalization is significantly longer in those patients who died. Patients who did not correct rapidly required significantly higher insulin doses, suggesting insulin resistance.
Free Votes, MPs, and Constituents: The Case of Same-Sex Marriage in Canada

In the summer of 2005, with the passage of the Civil Marriage Act, Canada became the third country to extend full rights to same-sex marriages. This article explores passage of the CMA, focusing on parliamentary voting behavior on the free vote used in the House of Commons. Using multivariate empirical analysis we find unusually strong evidence of constituency characteristics influencing the voting behavior of MPs, a rare outcome given the existing scholarly literature on free votes. In a concluding section, we discuss what these findings imply about the increasingly important debate in Canada about parliamentary accountability.
Accelerated repopulation as a cause of radiation treatment failure in non-small cell lung cancer: review of current data and future clinical strategies.

Despite convincing evidence that the principles of accelerated repopulation would open up additional therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of advanced-stage non–small cell lung cancer, this strategy has been generally underexplored. The implementation of accelerated radiotherapy schedules has been hampered by logistical barriers, concerns about acute toxicity, and the prioritization of integrating concurrent chemotherapy into the standard treatment platform. At present, it is unclear to what extent accelerated fractionation will influence future treatment paradigms in non–small cell lung cancer, although technical advances in radiotherapy, allowing higher dose delivery with reduced toxicity, could permit the development of more convenient and tolerable forms of accelerated schedules.
Opercular Flaps as Sexual Ornaments for Male Longear Sunfish (Lepomis megalotis): Male Condition and Male‐Male Competition

Male longear sunfish, Lepomis megalotis, have longer opercular flaps than females, and females are known to prefer males with longer flaps, suggesting that these exaggerated structures serve as sexual ornaments. We tested the hypothesis that opercular flap length is associated with body condition and is therefore potentially an honest indicator of male quality. Opercular flaps grew significantly faster than pelvic fin spines, a non-sexually selected trait, regardless of diet treatment, suggesting an advantage to having fast-growing opercular flaps. Growth indices (opercular flap growth divided by pelvic fin spine growth) of males fed a larger ration were greater than those of males fed a smaller ration, although the difference was marginally non-significant. We also tested for an effect of opercular flap length on resource holding power by manipulating flap length on pairs of males matched for body length. In an experiment where opercular flaps were clipped to different lengths, only longer original (unmanipulated) flap length was associated with a significantly greater frequency of dominance. In a corollary experiment where opercular flaps were artificially lengthened, the abnormally long-flapped males were dominant significantly more often than the ‘normal’ males given transparent extensions. These results indicate that the opercular flap length of male longear sunfish may serve as an honest indicator of male quality and may be used to assess the resource holding power of rival males.
Effects of ultraviolet‐B radiation on leaf elongation, production and phenylpropanoid concentrations of Deschampsia antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis in Antarctica

Stratospheric ozone depletion by anthropogenic chlorofluorocarbons has lead to increases in ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B; 280-320 nm) along the Antarctic Peninsula during the austral spring. We manipulated UV-B levels around plants of Antarctic hair grass (Deschampsia antarctica; Poaceae) and Antarctic pearlwort (Colobanthus quitensis; Caryophyllaceae) for one field season near Palmer Station along the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. Treatments involved placing frames over naturally growing plants that either (1) held filters that absorbed most biologically effective radiation (UV-B BE ; reduced UV-B', 22% of ambient UV-B BE levels), (2) held filters that transmitted most UV-B BE ('near-ambient UV-B', 87% of ambient UV-B BE levels), or (3) lacked filters ('ambient UV-B'). Leaves on D. antarctica exposed to near-ambient and ambient UV-B were 16-17% shorter than those exposed to reduced UV-B, and this was associated with shorter epidermal cells at the leaf base and tip. Leaves on C. quitensis exposed to near-ambient and ambient UV-B tended to be shorter (P=0.18) and epidermal cells at the leaf base tended to be smaller than those under reduced UV-B (P < 0.10). In order to further explain reductions in leaf length, we examined leaf concentrations of insoluble (cell-wall bound) phenylpropanoids, since it has been proposed that wall-bound phenylpropanoids such as ferulic acid may constrain cell expansion and leaf elongation. In both species, HPLC analysis revealed that ferulic and p-coumaric acid were major components of both insoluble and soluble phenylpropanoids. Although there were no significant differences in concentrations between UV-B treatments, concentrations of insoluble ferulic acid in D. antarctica tended to be higher under ambient and near-ambient UV-B than under reduced UV-B (P=0.17). We also examined bulk-leaf concentrations of soluble (methanol extractable) UV-B-absorbing compounds and found that concentrations were higher in plants exposed to near-ambient and ambient UV-B than in plants exposed to reduced UV-B. We also assessed the UV-B-screening effectiveness of leaves that had developed on plants at the field site with a fiber-optic microprobe. Leaf epidermal transmittance of 300-nm UV-B was 4.0 and 0.6% for D. antarctica and C. quitensis, respectively, which is low compared to grasses and herbaceous dicotyledonous plants found in more temperate climates. While the leaves of Antarctic vascular plants are relatively effective at screening UV-B, levels of UV-B in Antarctica are sufficient to reduce leaf epidermal cell size and leaf elongation in these species, although the mechanisms for these reductions remain unclear.
Classical sampling theorems in the context of multirate and polyphase digital filter bank structures

The recovery of a signal from so-called generalized samples is a problem of designing appropriate linear filters called reconstruction (or synthesis) filters. This relationship is reviewed and explored. Novel theorems for the subsampling of sequences are derived by direct use of the digital-filter-bank framework. These results are related to the theory of perfect reconstruction in maximally decimated digital-filter-bank systems. One of the theorems pertains to the subsampling of a sequence and its first few differences and its subsequent stable reconstruction at finite cost with no error. The reconstruction filters turn out to be multiplierless and of the FIR (finite impulse response) type. These ideas are extended to the case of two-dimensional signals by use of a Kronecker formalism. The subsampling of bandlimited sequences is also considered. A sequence x(n) with a Fourier transform vanishes for mod omega mod >or=L pi /M, where L and M are integers with L >
Aerosol Property Comparison Within and Above the ABL at the ARM Program SGP Site

This thesis determines what, if any, measurements of aerosol properties made at the Earth surface are representative of those within the entire air column. Data from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site at the Southern Great Plains, the only location in the world where ground-based and in situ airborne measurements are routinely made. Flight legs during the one-year period from March 2000 were categorized as either within or above the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) by use of an objective mixing height determination technique. Correlations between aerosol properties measured at the surface and those within and above the ABL were computed. Aerosol extensive and intensive properties measured at the surface were found representative of values within the ABL, but not of within the free atmosphere.
Adolescent sexuality: Disentangling the effects of family structure and family context.

Growing up in single-parent step- cohabiting or lesbian families has been suggested to have negative effects on adolescent sexual behavior. However the authors analysis reveals that with the exception of girls in single-parent families family structure does not significantly influence adolescents sexual initiation. Rather the family context--more specifically the mother-child relationship their level of interaction and the mothers attitudes toward and discussion of sex--is associated with adolescent sexual debut. When looking at sexually active teenagers neither family structure nor family context have an impact on the sexual partnerships of boys and they explain little in terms of girls sexual partnering. (authors)
Selected alternatives to methyl bromide in the postharvest and quarantine treatment of almonds and walnuts: An economic perspective

Methyl bromide is a highly effective fumigant used in the postharvest and quarantine treatment of tree nuts. There will be a complete phase out in the United States of America (U.S.) of methyl bromide by 2005 according to The Montreal Protocol of 1991 with the exception of preshipment and quarantine uses as stated in the 1998 Clean Air Act. This study analyzed alternative treatment scenarios. The alternatives considered were phosphine, irradiation, and controlled atmosphere storage. Costs for each scenario were developed. Cost increases with irradiation ranged from two to fourteen times the benchmark costs for methyl bromide. Controlled atmosphere storage for both commodities had cost increases ranging from 174% to 256% over methyl bromide costs. Phosphine was used only to treat almonds. Phosphine application costs were 108% and 117% above the benchmark costs for methyl bromide. Le bromomethane est un pesticide a large spectre utilise dans les traitements apres recolte des noix et amandes. Cette etude evalue 3 methodes alternatives de traitement qui sont la phosphine, une irradiation gamma et un entreposage sous atmosphere controlee. Le but de cette etude est d'etablir des comparaisons entre ces methodes et de determiner le traitement le plus economique pour chacun des produits.
Predictions of turbulent mixing in axisymmetric compressible shear layers

Models are described for the turbulent mixing of compressible, axisymmetric shear layers. The models assume that the mixing process is dominated by large-scale coherent structures. These large-scale structures are described locally as linear instability waves. Calculations are made for the development of the axisymmetric shear layer as a function of freestream Mach numbers and velocity and density ratios. The predictions for the axisymmetric shear layer are compared with both experimental measurements and predictions for a plane shear layer
Matrix and Stokes vector representations of detectors for polarized waveforms: theory, with some applications to teleseismic waves

This paper deals with the problem of detecting polarized waveforms in multivariate time series. Detectors are designed in the frequency domain using the spectral matrix and matrix-algebra, and also a Stokes vector-algebra. All the detectors are expressed as functions of inner products in real vector spaces, and consequently are extremely easy to program for digital computers, and are computationally very efficient. Several suggestions for the application of the detectors to the interpretation of teleseismic waveforms are given.
Homology surgery theory and perfect groups

Here L:(Q) denotes the Wall surgery obstruction group of Q, defined algebraically in [S], and r:(f) is the homology surgery obstruction group of Cappell and Shaneson, defined algebraically in [2]. This theorem was originally proved by Hausmann in [3] for i even by performing surgery on imbedded integral homology spheres. Using a similar technique, Cappell and Shaneson proved the theorem in the odd-dimensional case. See [3] for geometric proofs. The algebraic methods of the present paper may extend to more general results relating homology surgery groups to Wall groups.
Maximum A Posteriori EM MCE Logistic LASSO for learning fuzzy measures

A novel algorithm is introduced for learning fuzzy measures for Choquet integral-based information fusion. The new algorithm goes beyond previously published MCE-based approaches. It has the advantage that it is applicable to general measures, as opposed to only the Sugeno class of measures. In addition, the monotonicity constraints are handled easily with minimal time or storage requirements. Learning the fuzzy measure is framed as a maximum a posteriori (MAP) parameter learning problem. In order to maintain the constraints, this MAP problem is solved with a Gibbs sampler using an expectation maximization (EM) framework. For these reasons, the new algorithm is referred to as the MAP-EM MCE logistic LASSO algorithm. Results are given on synthetic and real data sets, the latter obtained from a landmine detection problem. Average reductions in false alarms of about 25% are achieved on the landmine detection problem and probabilities of detection in the interesting and meaningful range of 85%-95%.
Increase in overall mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving glipizide, glyburide or glimepiride monotherapy versus metformin: a retrospective analysis.

Aims: It remains uncertain if differences in mortality risk exist among the sulfonylureas, especially in patients with documented coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of this study was to assess the overall mortality risk of the individual sulfonylureas versus metformin in a large cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using an academic health centre enterprise-wide electronic health record (EHR) system to identify 23 915 patients with type 2 diabetes who initiated monotherapy with metformin (N = 12774), glipizide (N = 4325), glyburide (N = 4279) or glimepiride (N = 2537), ≥18 years of age, with and without a history of CAD, and not on insulin or a non-insulin injectable at baseline. The patients were followed for mortality by documentation in the EHR and Social Security Death Index. Multivariable Cox models with propensity analysis were used to compare cohorts. Results: An increase in overall mortality risk was observed in the entire cohort with glipizide (HR 1.64; 95% CI 1.39–1.94), glyburide (HR 1.59; 95% CI 1.35–1.88), and glimepiride (HR 1.68; 95% CI 1.37–2.06) versus metformin; however, in those patients with documented CAD, a statistically significant increase in overall mortality risk was only found with glipizide (HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.07–1.87) and glyburide (HR 1.38; 95% CI 1.04–1.83) versus metformin. Conclusions: Glipizide, glyburide and glimepiride are associated with an increased risk of overall mortality versus metformin. Our results suggest that if a sulfonylurea is required to obtain glycaemic control, glimepiride may be the preferred sulfonylurea in those with underlying CAD.
Microstructural and magnetic observations of compacted FECOV nanoparticles

One attempt to improve core loss of electromagnetic machines is to utilize nanocrystalline alloys, which are predicted to have extremely soft magnetic properties. High magnetic saturation values and high Curie temperatures make iron-cobalt alloys attractive for such applications. In this work iron-cobalt-vanadium nanopowders were synthesized and compacted. The coated particles were characterized and examined in both the powder and compacted states. Higher than expected coercivities are reported and may be due to the inhomogeneous microstructure resulting from interactions with the vanadium.
On the power efficiency of cooperative broadcast in dense wireless networks

A fundamental problem in large scale wireless networks is the energy efficient broadcast of source messages to the whole network. The energy consumption increases as the network size grows, and the optimization of broadcast efficiency becomes more important. In this paper, we study the optimal power allocation problem for cooperative broadcast in dense large-scale networks. In the considered cooperation protocol, a single source initiates the transmission and the rest of the nodes retransmit the source message if they have decoded it reliably. Each node is allocated an-orthogonal channel and the nodes improve their receive signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), hence the energy efficiency, by maximal-ratio combining the receptions of the same packet from different transmitters. We assume that the decoding of the source message is correct as long as the receive SNR exceeds a predetermined threshold. Under the optimal cooperative broadcasting, the transmission order (i.e., the schedule) and the transmission powers of the source and the relays are designed so that every node receives the source message reliably and the total power consumption is minimized. In general, finding the best scheduling in cooperative broadcast is known to be an NP-complete problem. In this paper, we show that the optimal scheduling problem can be solved for dense networks, which we approximate as a continuum of nodes. Under the continuum model, we derive the optimal scheduling and the optimal power density. Furthermore, we propose low-complexity, distributed and power efficient broadcasting schemes and compare their power consumptions with those-of-a traditional noncooperative multihop transmission.
Understanding Narrative Effects: The Impact of Breast Cancer Survivor Stories on Message Processing, Attitudes, and Beliefs among African American Women

OBJECTIVE—Examine the longitudinal effects of personal narratives about mammography and breast cancer compared with a traditional informational approach. METHOD—African American women (n=489) ages 40 and older were recruited from lowincome neighborhoods in St. Louis, MO and randomized to watch a narrative video comprised of stories from African American breast cancer survivors or a content-equivalent informational video. Effects were measured immediately post-exposure (T2) and at 3- (T3) and 6-month (T4) follow-up. T2 measures of initial reaction included positive and negative affect, trust, identification, and engagement. T3 message-processing variables included arguing against the messages (counterarguing) and talking to family members about the information (cognitive rehearsal). T4 behavioral correlates included perceived breast cancer risk, cancer fear, cancer fatalism, perceived barriers to mammography, and recall of core messages. Structural equation modeling examined inter-relations among constructs. RESULTS—Women who watched the narrative video (n=244) compared to the informational video (n=245) experienced more positive and negative affect, identified more with the message source, and were more engaged with the video. Narratives, negative affect, identification, and engagement influenced counterarguing, which in turn influenced perceived barriers and cancer fatalism. More engaged women talked with family members more, which increased message recall. Narratives also increased risk perceptions and fear via increased negative affect. CONCLUSIONS—Narratives produced stronger cognitive and affective responses immediately, which in turn influenced message processing and behavioral correlates. Narratives reduced counterarguing and increased cognitive rehearsal, which may increase acceptance and motivation to act on health information in populations most adversely affected by cancer disparities.
How Much Do Social Work Students and Older Adults Know about Medicare Part D

The Medicare prescription drug benefit (Medicare Part D) is the biggest change to Medicare in decades. Knowledge of the plan among social work undergraduate students and older adults in the community was assessed. Sequential cohorts of students completed a short questionnaire assessing knowledge about Medicare Part D. Among social work students, an increase in knowledge was apparent. Older adults with Medicare knew more about the program than students. For social work students and older adults, Medicare Part D requires extensive learning about a program that is different from all other Medicare benefits, plans, and programs.
Observation of the Temperature Dependence of the Dynamics of Photoexcited States in Pristine Tris(8-Hydroxyquinoline) Aluminum (Alq3)

The authors have investigated the temperature dependence of the dynamics of radiative excited states in pristine thin films of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq{sub 3}). By measuring the transient photoluminescence (PL) response with subnanosecond resolution, their results revealed an increase in the radiative excited state lifetime and fluorescence quantum yield with decreasing temperature from 300K to 77K. At low temperature the authors observed a decrease in the bimolecular recombination rate constant, singlet exciton diffusion coefficient and diffusion length. A singlet exciton trapping model is used to explain these results.
Synthesis and evaluation of potent and selective β3 adrenergic receptor agonists containing heterobiaryl carboxylic acids

The design, synthesis, and SAR of a novel series of heterobiaryl phenethanolamine β3 adrenergic receptor agonists are described. The furan analogue 49 was shown to elicit a significant dose-dependent lowering of plasma glucose in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes.
What Impresses Pupils

(1945). What Impresses Pupils? The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 113-156.
Book Review, Nicholas Mercuro & Steven G. Medema, Economics and the Law: From Posner to Post-Modernism

It is no longer credible to speak of a single “law and economics” movement. Rather, there are multiple schools of thought, each applying economic analysis of law in a distinct way and none commanding widespread acceptance. Chaos would seem the natural result of any attempt to marry economics, a value-laden discipline beset by critics who decry the immorality of the “dismal science,” with law, a profession as methodologically incoherent as it is intellectually promiscuous. A literature of staggering size and dazzling diversity thus confronts anyone who tries to survey law and economics “from Posner to post-modernism.”In Economics and the Law, Nicholas Mercuro and Steven G. Medema acknowledge the Herculean nature of their task by confining themselves to “a concise overview” of thisd field. Mercuro and Medema nevertheless promise more than they can deliver. With each blow at the many-headed Hydra that economic analysis of law has become, the authors leave marginally useful abstraction and significantly offsetting confusion in their wake.
VEGF(165) requires extracellular matrix components to induce mitogenic effects and migratory response in breast cancer cells.

VEGF 165 requires extracellular matrix components to induce mitogenic effects and migratory response in breast cancer cells
The Hidden Consequentialist Assumption

Deontologie et morale ordinaire s'accordent pour juger qu'il est parfois mal de rompre une promesse ou de mentir meme si, ce faisant, on evite que de nombreuses autres personnes ne rompent des promesses aussi importantes ou ne commettent de mensonges aussi grave. L'A. critique les arguments consequentialistes visant a montrer que le jugement que morale ordinaire et deontologie portent sur de tels cas n'est pas justifie
The Advantage to Islam of Mosque-State Separation: What the American Founders Can Teach

Mosque-state separation and religious freedom appear to have stalled in the Middle East. Recent public opinion surveys, however, indicate that in a number of key Middle Eastern countries, including Iraq and Algeria, a majority of people favor mosque-state separation. The question, then, is how to help this majority advance its interests vis-a-vis vocal extremists. This article presents an example of a different group of advocates for separation of religion and politics - the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. It argues that their approach serves as a valuable template and shows how the arguments they used to persuade their deeply religious fellow citizens to favor separation of religion and politics can be applied in the Middle East today.
Alpha-heavy chain disease.

A review of alpha-heavy chain disease (AHCD) emphasizing its histopathology and associated lesions is presented. Unusual clinicopathologic presentations and modern concepts regarding histogenesis of AHCD in the light of recent immunohistochemical findings are discussed. Increasingly reported cases of Burkitt’s (or Burkitt-type) lymphoma involving distal small intestine or the ileocecal region in children are noted.
Flow and heat transfer inside a new diversion-type gas heating device

ABSTRACTThe present paper characterizes ethylene glycol flow and heat transfer inside a new diversion-type gas heating device. A two-dimensional (2-D) natural convection heat transfer model was built and solved by the finite volume method with unstructured body-fitted grids. The numerical model was first validated through temperature comparison with the experimental measurements in a conventional device structure. Then analyses and comparisons of the flow fields and temperature distributions with use of different guide plate structures were carried out. The numerical results show that using the guide plate structures can form better organized flow patterns that augment heat transfer. The heat required for heating up the gas passing through the heating device can be reduced by 3% via installing two guide plates.
‘Limp’ vs. ‘Acute’ Criticism: An Interpretive Community Refigures James

In the spring of 1986 a group of graduate students with diverse backgrounds and interests (in American literature, communication and theater arts, religious studies, women’s literature, English pedagogy) met in my Topics in Criticism class to debate reader-oriented models of criticism and their role in the classroom. A substantial portion, as it turned out, of this seminar evaluating recent scenarios of meaning-making (phenomenological, semiotic, ‘affective’, deconstructive) was devoted to a critical workshop on James’s ‘Figure in the Carpet’ that studied these interpretive moves in actu. My purpose in conducting this experiment was not to unveil an ‘essential secret’ or figural design in James’s story, but rather to foreground the intricate process by which various competing interpretive figures come into being in the process of critical articulation; also to test the resourcefulness of a community of readers such as ours when confronted with a text that both flaunts and questions a traditional poetics and mode of interpretation premised on the existence of a hidden ‘figure of the text’.
Western Medicine's Diagnostic Labels Are Not Universal

Approaches physicians can use in treating patients whose understanding of illness differs from the physicians' own. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Middle School Science and Mathematics Teachers’ Conceptions of the Nature of Science: A One-Year Study on the Effects of Explicit and Reflective Online Instruction

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education has become one of the main priorities in the United States. Science education communities and researchers advocate for integration of STEM disciplines throughout the teaching curriculum. This requires teacher knowledge in STEM disciplines, as well as competence in scientific literacy. Since nature of science (NOS) is a critical component of scientific literacy, this study examined teachers’ conceptions NOS over a one-year period. Participants included 21 middle school science and mathematics teachers who integrated science and mathematics in their classrooms. We employed two NOS instruments to collect data on participants’ NOS conceptions before and after a one-year online graduate program. This study examined changes in NOS understanding for the group as a whole, between science and mathematics teachers, and whether beginning and experienced teachers differed in their conceptions of NOS. Findings show that the teachers’ conceptions of NOS improved significantly after two semesters of explicit, reflective NOS instruction. There was no significant difference between science and math teachers’ conceptions of NOS. The notion that science teachers know just as much about NOS as mathematics teachers indicates that science teachers in the U.S. are just as unfamiliar with the nature of science as mathematics teachers. In addition, years of experience did not play a role in the participants’ conceptions of NOS. Examination of teachers' conceptions of NOS will help researchers, teacher educators and teacher professional development providers gain insight on ways to develop STEM teachers’ conceptions of NOS.
High bandwidth cache design for superscalar processors

This thesis evaluates the performance of high bandwidth cache organizations that employ multiple cache ports, multiple cycle hit times, and new cache port efficiency enhancements to find the organization that provides the best processor performance. The cache port efficiency enhancements proposed and evaluated are load all, load all wide, keep tags, and line buffer. Execution time measures processor performance using a dynamic superscalar processor running realistic benchmarks that include operating system references. A cache with two cache ports increases processor performance by 25% over a cache with a single cache port and no enhancements. With the addition of line buffer and load all to a single ported cache, the processor achieves 91% of the performance of the same processor containing a cache with two ports at a fraction of the cost. When the processor is not limited to a single cache port, a large dual-ported multi-cycle pipelined SRAM cache with a line buffer maximizes processor performance. A large pipe-lined cache provides both a low miss rate and a high CPU clock frequency. Dual-porting the cache and using a line buffer provide the bandwidth needed by a dynamic superscalar processor. The line buffer makes the pipelined dual-ported cache the best option by increasing cache port bandwidth and hiding cache latency. The bus bandwidth consumed between the primary caches, the secondary cache, and main memory is also studied. With realistic caches, bus bandwidth is not a uniprocessor performance bottleneck.
Debt Time is Straight Time

In this article, I examine certain features of contemporary capitalism with particular attention to the temporal, spatial, social, and person-forming aspects of debt. Debt is difficult to dislodge because it mobilizes the individual and social promise-making capacities of human beings so that the future is determined by promises made in the past. I argue that the demonic, larger-than-life powers of debt can be countered by queer prophetic performances that create temporal and spatial contiguities between people who then become a “we.”
Underutilization of palliative care services in the liver transplant population

Author(s): Kathpalia, Priya; Smith, Alexander; Lai, Jennifer C | Abstract: AimTo evaluate use of palliative care services in patients with end-stage liver disease who do not have access to liver transplant.MethodsEvaluated were end-stage liver disease patients who were removed from the liver transplant wait-list or died prior to transplant at a single transplant center over a 2-year period. Those who were removed due to noncompliance or ultimately transplanted elsewhere were excluded from this study. Patient characteristics associated with palliative care consultation were assessed using logistic regression analysis.ResultsSix hundred and eighty-three patients were listed for liver transplant in 2013-2014 with 107 (16%) dying (n = 62) or removed for clinical decompensation prior to liver transplant (n = 45): Median age was 58 years, and the majority were male (66%), Caucasian (53%), had Child C cirrhosis (61%) or hepatocellular carcinoma (52%). The palliative care team was consulted in only 18 of the 107 patients (17%) who died or were removed, 89% of which occurred as inpatients. Half of these consultations occurred within 72 h of death. In univariable analysis, patients of younger age, white race, and higher end-stage liver disease scores at time of listing and delisting were more likely to receive palliative care services. Only younger age [Odds ratio (OR) = 0.92; P = 0.02] and Caucasian race (OR = 4.90; P = 0.02) were still associated with integration of palliative care services through multivariable analysis.ConclusionPalliative care services are grossly underutilized in older, non-white patients with cirrhosis on the liver transplant wait-list. We encourage early integration of these services into clinical decision-making in the transplant population, with further studies aimed at understanding barriers to consultation.
Online Arithmetic by Fast Finite Element in Strip Rolling

Finite element method (FEM) plays a very important role in the simulation and prediction of the parameters of pressure, deformation, temperature and microstructure evolution during rolling process. But online calculation is impossible because of the long time consumed in the FEM calculation of rolling parameters. Fast finite element (FFE) method has advantage of calculation with high precision and fast speed. On the basis of rigid plastic finite element method (RPFEM), the FFE method in strip rolling is developed. Effects of element numbers on calculation time and precision are analyzed. Online arithmetic methods of accelerating convergence and reducing search time are researched, including the combined damped Newton and Brunt method to reduce the one dimensional searchtime; the better initial value can be obtained by adopting improved mid-point integral Newton method; improved Newton method with trust region method and forced positive definite Hessian matrix method are used to reduce the convergence time. In addition, the influence of operating system, hardware and software of computer on the calculating time is also discussed. The FFE online calculation module developed is well used in a hot strip plant.
Social Media and Child Welfare: Policy, Training, and the Risks and Benefits From the Administrator’s Perspective

The field of public child welfare faces special challenges as it interweaves the use of social media into practice. Social media can assist agencies in meeting demands of practice such as communication, preservation of important family connections, identification of kin, and service coordination with caretakers and community partners. It also presents risks with respect to privacy, confidentiality, and safety. To look at the role of social media in child welfare practice, we began by examining the literature on social media use and how agencies are responding to the risks and benefits of this technology. We then report the findings from an exploratory national survey of training administrators (n=14) that suggests states vary in both policy development and training with respect to social media in child welfare work. We further report on state training administrators’ views of the perceived risks vs. benefits of the use of social media in various case management tasks and in enhancing the well-being of youth in out-of-home care. Agencies would reduce their liability risks and at the same time benefit their staff and clients by developing policies that offer guidelines to protect agency and staff privacy and safety, as well as client privacy and safety. Agencies may also promote the well-being of youth in out-of-home care by providing adequate information to staff and care-givers regarding the safe use of social media to create and maintain appropriate connections.
Thinking beyond the Common Candida Species: Need for Species-Level Identification of Candida Due to the Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris

Candida species are one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. Because much of the treatment for Candida infections is empirical, some institutions do not identify Candida to species level. With the worldwide emergence of the multidrug-resistant species Candida auris, identification of Candida to species level has new clinical relevance. Species should be identified for invasive candidiasis isolates, and species-level identification can be considered for selected noninvasive isolates to improve detection of C. auris.
Dynamic Sonographic Visualization of an Occult Posterior Lateral Meniscocapsular Separation: A Case Report

Meniscocapsular separation describes detachment of the meniscus from the knee joint capsule. Diagnosis is challenging with conventional examination and imaging methods. We report a case of an 18-year-old female softball catcher with unrevealing magnetic resonance imaging despite continued left knee locking and discomfort with deep squatting. Meniscocapsular separation was revealed only on dynamic sonographic examination, where knee flexion revealed a 3.1-mm gap that developed between the capsule and peripheral meniscus. Arthroscopy confirmed the sonographic findings, and repair resulted in complete resolution of symptoms. This case highlights the utility of dynamic diagnostic sonography in a rare case of posterior lateral meniscocapsular separation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: V.
DIABETIC PROXIMAL AMYOTROPHY

Clinical, electrophysiological and morphological observations in 16 cases of diabetes mellitus presenting with a motor syndrome affecting the pelvifemoral muscles suggested that diabetic proximal amyotrophy is a distinct clinical entity and most likely results from proximal crural motor neuropathy. Neuropathic electromyograms in the proximal leg muscles, prolonged femoral nerve motor latencies and reduced F-wave conduction velocities in the deep peroneal nerves supported the above suggestion. Light and electronmicroscopic findings in the vastus medialis muscle, motor point biopsy samples and the intramuscular branches of the femoral nerves further corroborated the above conclusion. Insidious onset and subacute progression, improvement concomitant with good control of hyperglycemia, onset simultaneous with or early in the course of diabetes mellitus in most cases and presence of autonomic deficits in some suggested a metabolic rather than an ischemic cause for diabetic proximal amyotrophy.
Interventional Techniques for Hemorrhage Control in Trauma

Interventional radiologic techniques have become a mainstay in the management of trauma ranging from hemorrhage control (i.e., endovascular balloon occlusion, stenting, and embolization) to the management of complications (i.e., drainage of abscesses and placement of inferior vena caval filters). This chapter will provide a broad overview of the diagnostic assessment, equipment, techniques, and their specific applications in the care of the injured patient as it relates to solid organ injury, pelvic bleeding, and resuscitation assisted by aortic balloon occlusion. Endovascular techniques specifically applicable for great vessel injury will be covered elsewhere in this handbook.
Redefining the Acting Internship in the Era of Entrustment: One Institution’s Approach to Reforming the Acting Internship

Creating a Core Entrustable Professional Activities (Core EPA) curriculum requires a longitudinal approach. Current curricular efforts have focused primarily on the pre-clerkship and clerkship phases of training; however, the role of the Acting Internship (AI) has not been explored. The AI experience offers opportunities for students to have enhanced clinical responsibility, demonstrate proficiency, and allows for assessment of Core EPAs that are beyond the focus of clerkships. We share our experience developing an interdepartmental AI experience designed to assess designated Core EPAs and highlight tensions that should be considered when incorporating an AI experience into a longitudinal Core EPA-oriented curriculum.