cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relationship between glenoid inclination and instability following primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Purpose Despite advances in implant design and surgical technique, instability remains the most common early complication and reason for early revision after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the glenoid implant inclination, as measured by the β-angle, as an independent risk factor for instability after primary RSA. Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted matching cases with instability after primary RSA using a single implant to controls without instability. Controls were matched to age, sex, body mass index, and baseplate type (1:3 ratio of cases to controls). The preoperative, postoperative, and the change in pre- to postoperative glenoid inclination (β-angle) were compared between groups. Results Thirty-four cases (mean age, 66.2 years) were matched to 102 controls (mean age, 67.0 years). There was a wide range of postoperative (63° to 100°) and pre- to postoperative change (−16.5° to +30.5°) in β-angles collectively. There was no significant difference in the postoperative β-angle (mean, 80.8° vs. 82.7°, P = .19) or the change in β-angle (mean, +1.7° vs. +3.4°, P = .35) between cases and controls, respectively. Regression analysis demonstrated no increased odds of instability with the postoperative β-angle, odds ratio 0.965 (confidence interval [CI] = 0.916-1.02, P = .19). Likewise, for the preoperative to postoperative change in β-angle, there was no significantly increased odds of instability, odds ratio 0.978 (CI = 0.934-1.03, P = .35). Finally, there was no difference in risk of instability in patients whose implant positioning resulted in a net superior increase in inclination, relative risk 0.85 (95% CI = 0.46-1.56, P = .28). Conclusions Neither the final prosthetic glenoid inclination nor the change in glenoid inclination, as measured by the β-angle, significantly influences the risk of prosthetic instability after primary RSA.
Capturing the complexity of topologically associating domains through multi-feature optimization

The three-dimensional structure of human chromosomes is tied to gene regulation and replication timing, but there is still a lack of consensus on the computational and biological definitions for chromosomal substructures such as topologically associating domains (TADs). TADs are described and identified by various computational properties leading to different TAD sets with varying compatibility with biological properties such as boundary occupancy of structural proteins. We unify many of these computational and biological targets into one algorithmic framework that jointly maximizes several computational TAD definitions and optimizes TAD selection for a quantifiable biological property. Using this framework, we explore the variability of TAD sets optimized for six different desirable properties of TAD sets: high occupancy of CTCF, RAD21, and H3K36me3 at boundaries, reproducibility between replicates, high intra- vs inter-TAD difference in contact frequencies, and many CTCF binding sites at boundaries. The compatibility of these biological targets varies by cell type, and our results suggest that these properties are better reflected as subpopulations or families of TADs rather than a singular TAD set fitting all TAD definitions and properties. We explore the properties that produce similar TAD sets (reproducibility and inter- vs intra-TAD difference, for example) and those that lead to very different TADs (such as CTCF binding sites and inter- vs intra-TAD contact frequency difference).
Using the Power of Storytelling to Shape Your Institution’s Narrative

The article discusses how law libraries can leverage their archives and special collections to position themselves as a key contributor to fundraising and alumni development. Successful fundraising reminds law school administration of the value law libraries can add to the organization and further cements the law library’s role in the academic and social fabric of the law school. Archives and special collections can uncover “missing” or “unengaged” alumni by prompting additional conversations via social media, the law school website, and other events. The archives can contribute to donor relations programs by showcasing materials that provide insight to the law school’s mission and vision. The library can use this opportunity to foster stronger relationships with other campus entities, such as student affinity groups, communications staff, information technology staff, and development staff. While this article mentions the experiences of an academic law library, the fundraising strategies proposed in the article may also be used for private law libraries as well.
Evaluation and management of COVID-19-related severity in people with type 2 diabetes.

INTRODUCTION: People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have an increased rate of hospitalization and mortality related to COVID-19. To identify ahead of time those who are at risk of developing severe diseases and potentially in need of intensive care, we investigated the independent associations between longitudinal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), the impact of common medications (metformin, insulin, ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and corticosteroids) and COVID-19 severity in people with T2D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study was conducted using deidentified claims and electronic health record data from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse across the USA between January 2017 and November 2020, including 16 504 individuals with T2D and COVID-19. A univariate model and a multivariate model were applied to evaluate the association between 2 and 3-year HbA1c average, medication use between COVID-19 diagnosis and intensive care unit admission (if applicable), and risk of intensive care related to COVID-19. RESULTS: With covariates adjusted, the HR of longitudinal HbA1c for risk of intensive care was 1.12 (per 1% increase, p<0.001) and 1.48 (comparing group with poor (HbA1c ≥9%) and adequate glycemic control (HbA1c 6%-9%), p<0.001). The use of corticosteroids and the combined use of insulin and metformin were associated with significant reduction of intensive care risk, while ACEIs and ARBs were not associated with reduced risk of intensive care. CONCLUSIONS: Two to three-year longitudinal glycemic level is independently associated with COVID-19-related severity in people with T2D. Here, we present a potential method to use HbA1c history, which presented a stronger association with COVID-19 severity than single-point HbA1c, to identify in advance those more at risk of intensive care due to COVID-19 in the T2D population. The combined use of metformin and insulin and the use of corticosteroids might be significant to prevent patients with T2D from becoming critically ill from COVID-19.
Optoelectronic and elastic response of fluorinated hexagonal boron nitride monolayer

The inherited insulating behavior of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) monolayer restricts its application in several optoelectronic devices, so finding a technique to reduce the bandgap allows it to possess the semiconducting functionality. Here, an experimentally feasible fluorinated hexagonal boron nitride (FBNF), a structurally, dynamically, and mechanically stable monolayer is reported by using density functional theory calculations. The significant geometrical transformation from planer h-BN to buckled FBNF softens the structure by retaining the mechanical isotropy and structural symmetry. Remarkably, the induced direct bandgap semiconducting behavior after fluorination enhances the optical absorbance and reflectivity reduces energy loss, creates strong optical anisotropy, and makes FBNF monolayer is a proper material in the optoelectronic and nanomechanical applications
Midlevel Providers Focusing on Geriatrics Improve Care and Outcomes of Fall-Related Injuries Among the Elderly.

BACKGROUND A rural level 1 trauma center underwent a consolidation to level III status in a new trauma network system. A dedicated group of midlevel practitioners emphasizing early mobilization, a geriatric care model, and fall prevention replaced surgical residents in the level 3 center. We hypothesized that outcomes of elderly fall-related injuries may be enhanced with midlevel providers using a geriatric-focused care model. METHODS An IRB-approved trauma registry review of patients over 65 years of age with a fall-related injury admitted to a rural trauma center 1 year prior to and 1 year following a trauma center consolidation from level 1 to level III designation evaluated demographics, anticoagulant use, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes. Statistical analysis included t-test and regression analysis. RESULTS 327 patients injured by falls were seen over a 2-year study period. The number of patients admitted with a fall-related injury and the injury severity were similar over the study period. Increasing age and anticoagulant use increased length of stay and mortality (both with P < .05). Mortality rates and patient level of independence on discharge were improved in the later period involving midlevel practitioners (both with P < .05). DISCUSSION Trauma centers and trauma system networks face increasing challenges to provide resources and providers of care for patients injured by falls, especially for the growing elderly population. Midlevel providers focusing on geriatric clinical issues and goals may enhance care and outcomes of elderly fall-related injuries.
Can Contemporary Semantics Help the Pyrrhonian Get a Life

Under one interpretation, Pyrrhonian skeptics advocate universal suspension of judgment. This gives rise to an ancient and influential objection, which I will call “Hume’s objection.” Hume’s objection, in a nutshell, is the following: life requires action, and action requires belief. But, given that the Pyrrhonian advocates universal suspension of judgment, and thus universal absence of belief, the Pyrrhonian is condemned to inaction, and therefore to suicide. In principle, two answers are available to the Pyrrhonian: he can deny that action requires belief, or he can reject the interpretation of his position according to which it advocates universal suspension of judgment. Both interpretations have been resourcefully advanced as historically correct. In this paper, however, I am not interested in the (anachronistically stated) historical question: how did the Pyrrhonians answer Hume’s objection? Rather, I am interested in the philosophical question: are any of the answers available to the Pyrrhonian theoretically satisfying? I am particularly interested in whether some contemporary developments in the semantics of knowledge attribution (such as contextualism and contrastivism) can help make any of those answers more plausible. My answer, I’m afraid, is “No.”
A VLA survey of an X-ray selected sample of F dwarfs

We have surveyed 8 F dwarfs selected on the basis of high X-ray or uv fluxes to search for evidence of solar-type dynamos. No star was detected above the 2σ level of 0.08 mJy.
Abstract 15841: Whole Exome Sequencing and Analysis for Sudden Unexplained Death in the Young: A Case Series

Introduction: Annually, thousands of sudden deaths in individuals under the age of 35 years remain unexplained following a medico-legal autopsy and are termed autopsy negative sudden unexplained death in the young (SUDY). Cardiomyopathies, channelopathies, and metabolic disorders may underlie a significant number of SUDY cases. Previously, we demonstrated that 25% of autopsy-negative SUDY cases had mutations in the 4 major cardiac ion channel genes ( KCNQ1, KCNH2, SCN5A , and RYR2 ). However, over 100 sudden death-susceptibility genes have been discovered and may be implicated in SUDY. Objective: We explored the utility of whole exome sequencing (WES) followed by gene-specific surveillance as an efficient and effective means of performing post-mortem genetic testing in SUDY. Methods: Postmortem WES was performed on 14 consecutively-referred white SUDY victims (57% men; average age at death 17.4 ± 8.6 years) using the Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon V4+UTR capture kit and an Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencer. Following variant alignment (hg19) and annotation, 117 cardiac channelopathy-, cardiomyopathy-, and metabolic disorder-susceptibility genes were surveyed to identify putative SUDY-associated mutations. Potentially pathogenic variants had to be non-synonymous and ultra-rare [i.e. absent in all 3 evaluated exome databases (1,000 Genome Project, the NHLBI GO Exome Sequencing Project, and Exome Chip Design)]. Results: On average, each SUDY case had 12,758 ± 2016 non-synonymous variants, of which 79 ± 15 localized to the 117 evaluated genes. Overall, 8 unique, ultra-rare variants (7 missense, 1 in-frame insertion) identified in 6 genes (3 in TTN ; 1 each in CACNA1C, JPH2, MYH7, VCL, RYR2 ) were detected in 7 of 14 cases (50%). Of the 7 missense alterations, 2 (T171M- CACNA1C , I22160T- TTN ) were predicted damaging by 3 in-silico tools. Conclusions: Although WES and gene-specific surveillance is an efficient and effective strategy to detect rare, potentially lethal, genetic variants, the accurate interpretation of each variant is daunting. Importantly, rarity, even ultra-rarity, does not equal pathogenicity even when the ultra-rare variant resides within a so-called sudden death-susceptibility gene.
Smoothed Analysis of Algorithms and Heuristics

The theorists have long been challenged by the existence of remarkable algorithms and heuristics that are known by scientists and engineers to work well in practice, but whose theoretical analyses have been are negative or unconvincing. The root of the problem is that algorithms are usually analyzed in one of two ways: by worst-case or average-case analysis. The former can improperly suggest that an algorithm will perform poorly, while the latter can be unconvincing because the random inputs it considers may fail to resemble those encountered in practice. We introduce smoothed analysis to help explain the success of some of these algorithms and heuristics. Smoothed analysis is a hybrid of worst-case and average-case analyses that inherits advantages of both. The smoothed complexity of an algorithm is the maximum over its inputs of the expected running time of the algorithm under slight random perturbations of that input, measured as a function of both the input length and the magnitude of the perturbations. If an algorithm has low smoothed complexity, then it should perform well on most inputs in every neighborhood of inputs. In this talk, we will explain how smoothed analysis can help explain the excellent observed behavior of several algorithms of practical importance. We will survey progresses on applying smoothed analysis to the simplex method, Gaussian elimination, interior point methods, and some other optimization algorithms and heuristics. In particular, we show that the simplex algorithm has polynomial smoothed complexity. The simplex algorithm is the classic example of an algorithm that performs well in practice but takes exponential time in the worst case. This is joint work with Daniel Spielman of MIT, and with John Dunagan (Microsoft Research) and Arvind Sankar (MIT).
Physiologic variability and fetal electrocortical activity

The relationship between fetal electrocortical activity and multiple fetal parameters was examined in chronically instrumented fetal lambs. Consistent small but significant changes in fetal heart rate, mean arterial pressure, umbilical blood flow, and the cerebral uptake of glucose relative to oxygen were observed as fetal electrocortical activity cyclically shifted between high-voltage slow activity and low-voltage fast activity. Cardiovascular parameters were higher and the cerebral uptake of glucose relative to oxygen was lower during high-voltage slow activity than during low-voltage fast activity. The implication of these observations is discussed.
Primordial Alchemy: From The Big Bang To The Present Universe

Of the light nuclides observed in the universe today, D, 3He, 4He, and 7Li are relics from its early evolution. The primordial abundances of these relics, produced via Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) during the first half hour of the evolution of the universe provide a unique window on Physics and Cosmology at redshifts of order 10^10. Comparing the BBN-predicted abundances with those inferred from observational data tests the consistency of the standard model of cosmology over ten orders of magnitude in redshift, constrains the baryon and other particle content of the universe, and probes both Cosmology and Physics beyond their current standard models. These lectures are intended to introduce students, both of theory and observation, to those aspects of the evolution of the universe relevant to the production and evolution of the light nuclides from the Big Bang to the present. The current observational data is reviewed and compared with the BBN predictions and the implications for cosmology (e.g., universal baryon density) and particle physics (e.g., relativistic energy density) are discussed. While this comparison reveals the stunning success of the standard model(s), there are currently some challenges which leave open the door for more theoretical and observational work with potential implications for astronomy, cosmology, and particle physics.
Abstract 160: Ethnic differences in the Relationship of theECG QRS Interval to Findings on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background: QRS prolongation is associated with increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac death. Studies have suggested its association with areas of scarring fibrotic tissue on the myocardium from infarction and non-ischemic fibrosis and arrhythmogenesis identified by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Group ethnicity might play role on fibrotic tissue and cardiac conduction. We aimed to evaluate the QRS interval among white, Hispanic and black population by LGE CMR. Methods: Forty-two patients with CMR performed for different purposes were divided by white, Hispanic and black ethnicity and stratified by age, male gender, heart failure (HF), coronary artery disease (CAD), left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) on CMR and presence of any segmental LGE. We then stratified each ethnicity group by the presence or not of LGE and analyzed the QRS interval. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar among all three groups detailed LVEF were 51%, 42% and 52% for white, black and Hispanic patients, respectively (p=0.07). There was no difference of QRS interval in patients with or without any segmental LGE in white and black population. Hispanic patients with LGE presented with significant prolongation of QRS interval when LGE was present (91 vs. 128; p=0.002). Conclusion: This is the first analysis of ECG QRS interval among different ethnicities with similar baseline characteristics and preserved cardiac function by LGE on CMR. We have demonstrated that LGE on CMR is associated with a prolonged QRS interval only in a Hispanic population. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps is associated with increased expression of trefoil factor family peptides.

Background Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides are mucin-associated secretory products that are produced in the airways and gastrointestinal tract. These peptides appear to play an important role in mucosal healing and epithelial protection and are overexpressed in chronically inflamed gastrointestinal tissues. We hypothesize that TFF peptides may also be differentially expressed in the sinonasal tissue of patients with and without chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods Ethmoid sinus tissue was obtained from patients with CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) (n = 12), CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) (n = 12), and nondiseased controls (n = 7). Messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were extracted from samples and expression of TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction qRT-PCR and Western blots, respectively. Tissue localization of TFF expression was confirmed using immunohistochemistry. Results TFF1 and TFF3 were both highly expressed in sinonasal tissue, while TFF2 was expressed at near-undetectable levels. CRSsNP tissue had a statistically significant increase in the expression of both TFF1 and TFF3. No difference in TFF expression was found between control and CRSwNP patients. Conclusion TFF1 and TFF3 are overexpressed in CRSsNP. The role of TFF peptides in mucosal protection and repair suggests a possible important physiologic role in maintaining the sinonasal epithelial barrier and modulating innate immunity in the sinonasal tract.
A Bifocal Arrangement for Reflected Caustics for the Investigation of the Domain of Dominance of Asymptotic Elastic Fields in Dynamic Fracture

ABSTRACT The question of the domain of dominance of the plane-stress asymptotic elastic fields in dynamic fracture is addressed for the two cases of dynamically loaded stationary cracks as well as dynamically propagating cracks. The experiments reported in this work are on three-point bend, 4340 steel specimens loaded dynamically using a drop-weight tower. A new optical configuration is proposed which would allow for the simultaneous measurement of the apparent dynamic stress-intensity factor from two different regions around the crack-tip using the method of caustics. The results of the study indicate the importance of three-dimensional and transient effects in the interpretation of optical measurements.
Women’s Rights and the Politics of Health: Contraception, Health Reform, and the 2012 Election

What are the very surprising politics of, not just abortion, but birth control, in health reform? Abortion is the perennial women's health Rubicon, but birth control, access to contraception, has been settled for decades, even to the extent of being considered a fundamental right, and the stimulus of Justice Douglas's construction of the right to privacy. And yet the politics of health reform and women's rights in the 2012 election has come to include a surprising juxtaposition of attempts to redefine rape, restrict abortion, and posit contraception as a threat to religious liberty. Will this dispute mobilize a measurable number of voters, and if so, in which direction will the preponderance of mobilization lie? President Obama is the current beneficiary of a substantial gender gap, but whether women voters, and young, single women voters in particular, will turn out as they did in 2008 is the question. Will threats to their access to contraception mobilize them more than social conservative voters will be mobilized by the growing boldness of the pro-life movement? This paper just asks the question: it does not yet offer an answer.
Brine chemistry effects on the durability of a simulated nuclear waste glass

The effects of various solution chemistry parameters on the alteration and leaching characteristics of a copper borosilicate simulated waste glass have been determined under hydrothermal conditions. Results are presented which demonstrate that leachant salinity, volume to glass surface area ratio, pH, cation content and dissolved SiO2 concentration effects are important. A brief explanation of these results is given which is based on ion exchange and solution saturation equilibria.
The New Jersey Constitution and the 1875 "Thorough and Efficient" Education Amendment

The "Thorough and Efficient" education amendment of the New Jersey Constitution has held center stage for more than twenty-five years as the state has struggled to define responsibility for the maintenance, funding, and governance of public schools. Adopted in 1875 in an effort to update the 1844 Constitution, the "Thorough and Efficient" provision endured as part of the 1947 Constitution. Supreme Court decisions in this area, particularly Robinson v. Cahill (1972-1976) and Abbott v. Burke (1985-1998), have focused attention on this amendment and elicited various responses from New Jersey's governors and legislators. These officials have tried to address judicial directives to provide a "thorough and efficient" education for all children.3 A review of the early history of state support for education in New Jersey and the later passage of the education amendment can help provide a useful and enlightening context in which to examine the contemporary implications of this provision.
Functional residual capacity (FRC) and lung clearance index (LCI) in mechanically ventilated infants: application in the newborn with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Abstract Introduction Functional residual capacity (FRC) and lung clearance index (LCI) are sensitive parameters for early detection of airway disease in infancy. The closed helium dilution method has been applied to assess lung volume and ventilation inhomogeneity (VI) in spontaneously breathing infants. Aims The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to assess applicability of the helium gas dilution technique in mechanically ventilated infants with high-risk congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and to evaluate changes in breathing patterns, lung volume, and VI during the first days of life before and after surgery, and (2) to analyze the possible correlation between changes in lung volume, cerebral hemodynamics, and oxygenation before and after surgical correction of CDH through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring. Methods Lung function tests were performed by multibreath washout traces with an ultrasonic flowmeter and helium gas dilution technique. For all babies, three acceptable FRC and LCI measurements were collected for each test (mean and SD of three measurements were calculated) before surgery ( T 0 ), 24h after surgery ( T 1 ) during mechanical ventilation, and within 24h after extubation in spontaneous breathing ( T 2 ). Cerebral and splanchnic hemodynamics were continuously monitored by NIRS during mechanical ventilation to evaluate relationships between changes in lung volume and capillary–venous oxyhemoglobin saturation in tissues. Fraction of inspired oxygen delivered was adjusted to keep oxygen saturation between 90% and 95%. Results Thirteen CDH infants were studied; median GA=38weeks (range 35–41) and median BW=3000g (range 1850–3670). FRC and LCI significantly improved after extubation when compared with pre-surgical values. No differences were found in tidal volume (Vt) and NIRS monitoring before and after surgery and after extubation. Neither LCI nor FRC was correlated with NIRS values. Conclusions Helium gas dilution technique is an applicable and reliable technique to measure lung volumes and ventilation inhomogeneity also in ventilated infants. NIRS is a non-invasive technique to monitor tissue oxygenation during surgery and mechanical ventilation. In CDH newborns these preliminary data show an improvement in both FRC and LCI after extubation.
Standards collection development in an academic library

A university library should be able to provide access to industrial standards through a properly developed collection policy and an ability to quickly acquire needed standards. The collection should support instruction in the basic curriculum and important areas of research at the university. Collecting beyond the minimum core of standards should be done in consultation with faculty and researchers to ensure that the collection meets users’ needs. Standards can be collected via standing orders with standards organizations, individual selection or through a combination of these two methods. Also a standards document delivery can be set up in order that faculty and engineering students can order standards that the library does not carry.
Fatigue-induced early onset of anticipatory postural adjustments in non-fatigued muscles: support for a centrally mediated adaptation

Muscle fatigue has been shown to result in early onset of anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) relative to those produced in a non-fatigued state. This adaptation is thought to reflect an attempt to preserve postural stability during a focal movement performed in a fatigued state. It remains unclear, however, whether this adaptation is of central (e.g., central nervous system motor command) or peripheral (e.g., muscle contractile properties), origin. One way to confirm that this adaptation is centrally driven is to identify fatigued-induced early APA onsets in non-fatigued muscles. In this study, APAs were obtained using a rapid bilateral reaching maneuver and recorded via surface electromyography before and after conditions of rest (n = 25) or fatigue (n = 25). Fatigue was generated using isokinetic exercise of the right leg. Results showed that fatigue-induced early APA onsets occurred in fatigued and non-fatigued muscles, confirming that fatigue-induced early APA onset is a centrally mediated adaptation.
Female intimate partner violence perpetration: stability and predictors of mutual and nonmutual aggression across the first year of college

Cross-sectional and longitudinal predictors of mutual and nonmutual intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration were identified in a sample of female college freshmen (N = 499). Using female reports, couples were classified as to whether the relationship included no IPV, female-only IPV, or mutual IPV (male-only IPV was too rare to analyze). Mutual IPV was more common than asymmetrical IPV, and women in mutually violent relationships perpetrated more frequent acts of physical aggression than those in female-only violent relationships. In cross-sectional analyses of IPV in the first semester of college, only partner antisocial behavior and psychological aggression distinguished female-only IPV from no IPV; witnessing mother-to-father aggression, higher psychological aggression, more frequent partner marijuana use, partner antisocial behavior, and, surprisingly, higher relationship satisfaction, discriminated mutual IPV from no IPV. Contrary to hypothesis, first semester (T1) IPV did not predict having a new partner in the second semester (T2); however, women who reported more frequent heavy episodic drinking and lower relationship satisfaction at T1 were more likely to be in a different relationship at T2. Prospective prediction of T2 IPV category failed to support the hypothesis that female-only IPV would escalate to mutual IPV. The majority of couples with female-only IPV reported no IPV at T2. After accounting for T1 IPV, the only significant predictor of T2 IPV category was T1 psychological aggression, suggesting that this may be an appropriate target for IPV prevention efforts among college dating couples. Aggr. Behav. 37:1-12, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Language: en
Clinical applications of infant temperament measurements

Clinical experience with 200 infants, whose temperaments have been determined by a questionnaire method, shows correlations between certain categories of temperament and (1) colic—more difficult temperament and/or low sensory threshold, (2) development—very active babies walked more and very persistent ones talked more at one year, and (3) injuries—difficult babies had more lacerations requiring sutures. Clinical management of these infants has been facilitated by these measurements. They provide a picture of the infant that is often less biased than the mother's general description.
Vegetable Diet With or Without Fish Meal and Hatchability of Chicken Eggs

Abstract S.C. White Leghorn hens, fed for 11 weeks an all vegetable diet fortified with a vitamin mixture, were equally divided into two groups. One half continued to receive the same diet while the other half had 3% fish meal added to the diet with adjustments made to equalize the calcium, phosphorus, protein and energy in both diets. Three types of housing, including wire cages with 2 birds per cage, colony cages and slat-litter floors were used. Hens in the colony cages and on the floor were naturally mated and the 2 hens per cage were artificially inseminated. A sampling of every day’s gathering of eggs was taken and settings were made weekly for 12 weeks. Percent hatchability of fertile eggs from hens fed the vegetable diet and the fish meal diet housed in cages, colony cages and floor pens respectively was 90.9, 90.9; 92.4, 91.5; 94.9, 93.8. Hatchability was significantly higher (P
Power to the people: Violent victimization, inequality and democratic politics

Contemporary scholarship on punishment, politics and society generally treats democratic politics and crime policy as a dangerous mix. In this view, when crime comes onto democratic political agend...
Nanostructure Formation and Transition from Surface to Bulk Degradation in Polyethylene Glycol Gels Chain-Extended with Short Hydroxy Acid Segments

Degradable, in situ gelling, inert hydrogels with tunable properties are very attractive as a matrix for cell encapsulation and delivery to the site of regeneration. Cell delivery is generally limited by the toxicity of gelation and degradation reactions. The objective of this work was to investigate by simulation and experimental measurement gelation kinetics and degradation rate of star acrylated polyethylene glycol (PEG) macromonomers chain-extended with short hydroxy acid (HA) segments (SPEXA) as a function of HA monomer type and number of HA repeat units. HA monomers included least hydrophobic glycolide (G), lactide (L), p-dioxanone (D), and most hydrophobic e-caprolactone (C). Chain extension of PEG with short HA segments resulted in micelle formation for all HA types. There was a significant decrease in gelation time of SPEXA precursor solutions with HA chain-extension for all HA types due to micelle formation, consistent with the simulated increase in acrylate-acrylate (Ac-Ac) and Ac-initiator integration numbers. The hydrolysis rate of SPEXA hydrogels was strongly dependent on HA type and number of HA repeat units. SPEXA gels chain-extended with the least hydrophobic glycolide completely degraded within days, lactide within weeks, and p-dioxanone and e-caprolactone degraded within months. The wide range of degradation rates observed for SPEXA gels can be explained by large differences in equilibrium water content of the micelles for different HA monomer types. A biphasic relationship between HA segment length and gel degradation rate was observed for all HA monomers, which was related to the transition from surface (controlled by HA segment length) to bulk (controlled by micelle equilibrium water content) hydrolysis within the micelle phase. To our knowledge, this is the first report on transition from surface to bulk degradation at the nanoscale in hydrogels.
Indoor Environmental Exposures and Exacerbation of Asthma: An Update to the 2000 Review by the Institute of Medicine

Background: Previous research has found relationships between specific indoor environmental exposures and exacerbation of asthma.Objectives: In this review we provide an updated summary of knowledg...
Issues in Reproductive Health and Empowerment in Perinatal Women with Substance Use Disorders

This article describes perinatal drug dependent women's perspectives on pregnancy, contraception, knowledge of reproductive health, and communication with sexual partners. In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with perinatal residential substance abuse treatment participants (n = 36) regarding their life experiences in the time just prior to drug treatment. Using an analytic framework to examine life dimensions, analysis of the biological and socio-cultural dimensions and their effects was conducted and indicated that pregnancy and motherhood were motivational for women to enter treatment and to seek prenatal care. In addition, the data showed that the women were poorly informed about their reproductive health status and contraception, and experienced difficulty communicating about these issues with male partners. Recommendations for drug treatment and health care systems include strategies for: 1) expansion of women's “empowerment” in recovery to include knowledge and decis...
Effects of feeding different amounts of supplemental glycerol on ruminal environment and digestibility of lactating dairy cows

Abstract A replicated 3 × 3 Latin square study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing a portion of ground corn in the diet with dietary glycerol on rumen environment, blood metabolites, and nutrient digestibility. Six rumen-cannulated Holstein cows, averaging 56 ± 18 DIM and 38.0 ± 8.2 kg of milk/d, were used in the study. Experimental periods included 3 wk for treatment adjustment period followed by 1 wk for data collection. Diets were corn silage based and balanced to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Treatments were 0 g of glycerol/d (control, CON), 200 g of glycerol/d (G2), and 400 g of glycerol/d (G4). Dry matter intake (DMI) decreased as the amount of glycerol fed increased. Milk yield was higher for CON and G2 cows in comparison with G4 cows. Milk fat percentage and yield were reduced when glycerol was fed compared with CON cows but increased the milk protein percentage at the highest concentration of dietary glycerol. These changes resulted in decreased energy-corrected milk yield and efficiency (milk/DMI) in diets supplemented with G4 compared with CON. No differences were observed in ruminal pH and ammonia concentrations. Molar proportions of acetate, valerate, and acetate:propionate ratio decreased, whereas propionate increased as the amount glycerol fed increased. Molar proportions of butyrate were greatest when glycerol was included in the diet compared with CON. Nutrient intake and digestion were not different among treatments. Results of this trial suggest that feeding increasing amounts of glycerol may decrease DMI and alters ruminal fermentation, resulting in reduced yield of milk, fat, and energy-corrected milk.
Oscillator strengths for the bound-bound transitions in beryllium and magnesium

Abstract We present theoretical oscillator strengths for the bound-bound transitions between selected 1,3 S , 1,3 P , 1,3 D , and 1,3 F states of beryllium and magnesium atoms, determined from a simple configuration-interaction calculational procedure using a finite basis constructed from B splines. A detailed qualitative discussion is also presented on the effect of configuration interaction on the oscillator strengths for various groups of transitions.
Risk of Mortality and Nursing Home Institutionalization After Injury

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of unintentional injuries on the risks of nursing home institutionalization and mortality in older adults. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, a nationally representative survey of Medicare beneficiaries. SETTING: Noninstitutionalized community residents. PARTICIPANTS: Older adult panel members (N = 12,031) with continuous Medicare eligibility not enrolled in managed care in a cohort starting between 1998 and 2001. MEASUREMENTS: Cox regression and competing risk survival models were estimated using time-varying injury-status dummy variables and control variables for outcomes measured as time until death and institutionalization, respectively. RESULTS: Almost 4% of persons were institutionalized, 15% died, 14% had a sentinel injury, and 3% had two or more minor nonsentinel injuries within 1-year period. Persons hospitalized for sentinel injury had elevated institutionalization and mortality risks during an injury episode and after the episode ended. Persons receiving outpatient treatment for sentinel injuries had elevated institutionalization risk during injury episodes (subhazard ratio [SHR] = 6.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.72-12.37) and elevated mortality risk after episodes (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.28-2.00). Persons with multiple minor nonsentinel injuries within a year also had elevated mortality (HR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.15-2.11) and institutionalization (SHR = 3.55, 95% CI = 2.25-5.67) risks. CONCLUSION: Mortality and institutionalization risks extend well beyond the acute episode of treatment for sentinel and repeated minor injuries. More research is needed on longer-term health outcomes of injury survivors to inform development of evidence-based quality-of-care indicators. Language: en
The lunatohamate articulation of the midcarpal joint

Sixty-one cadaveric wrists were dissected to assess the frequency of a medial lunate facet as well as any associated pathologic changes in the midcarpal joint. Two types of lunate were identified: Type I (39.3%), in which no medial facet was present, and Type II (60.7%), in which there was a medial facet. The medial facets in the Type II lunates ranged from a shallow 2 mm facet to a deep 6 mm facet. Significant cartilage erosion with exposed subchondral bone at the proximal pole of the hamate, which was not identifiable by radiograph, was evident at dissection in 57% of the Type II lunates, whereas none (0%) of the Type I lunates had such associated hamate pathology. Midcarpal joint arthroscopy appears to be the diagnostic procedure of choice to assess the presence of hamate proximal pole arthrosis.
Massively parallel processing of signals in dense microphone arrays

Arrays with large number of microphones can be very effective on audio processing tasks, like denoising, acoustic echo removal, etc. New microphone technologies enable creating large arrays with very low cost per component, but the system can still be very expensive due to costs of transmitting all signals to a single processor, and the computational resources to process the large amount of data. We show how a massively-parallel signal processing approach can solve the cost issues, when applied to the problem of sound source localization. We consider the case where each microphone is coupled to simple processing circuitry, which have full-bandwidth access to data from a few other microphones, while only shared power and low-bandwidth connections are provided between each microphone and a central processor. We discuss implementation issues, and show experimental results obtained in simulations and in microphone array measurements.
Hypoparathyroidism as a cause of osteomalacia.

On a hot June 28th in 1940 the patient, Miss E.L. (#254647), aged 31 came to my office complaining, among many other things, of incontinence of urine. Her appearance was most suggestive of Graves' disease—exophthalmos, tremor, perspiration, a pulse of 120, a B.P. of 190/90, weakness, and a respiratory wheeze.
The hexosaminohexuronide of the bovine lens capsule

Abstract Two fractions of a purified glucosaminoglucuronide, one soluble, the other insoluble in water, were obtained from bovine lens capsules by extraction with 80% ethanol containing 5% KOH at room temperature and purified by repeated reprecipitation with 60% acetone. The two fractions represented about 80% of the total hexuronide of the lens capsule, and on the basis of their extinction coefficients in four different color reactions, paper chromatography of their hydrolyzate with Dowex 50-H + , and optical rotation, appeared to be identical or closely related to heparitin sulfate.
Chromatin of h regions of human chromosomes at high resolution.

Segmentation of the secondary constriction region (h) of human chromosomes 1, 9 and 16 is demonstrated by a high resolution banding technique. Based on these staining properties, it is suggested that the composition of theh region in human chromosomes is heterochromatic as well as euchromatic.
Role of physical and chemical interactions in the behavior of supported metal catalysts: Iron on alumina—A case study

Abstract Iron, being the most reactive of the group VIII metals, has been chosen to examine the role of strong chemical interactions between gas, crystallite, and substrate in the behavior of supported metal crystallites. Model catalysts of iron deposited by vacuum evaporation onto thin films of alumina have been heated in ultrahigh pure hydrogen (which, however, contains traces of O 2 and moisture), in additionally purified hydrogen (to eliminate or minimize the above impurities), in oxygen, and alternately in H 2 and O 2 . Transmission electron micrographs provide information on the behavior and shape of the crystallites and electron diffraction provides information on the chemical compounds formed. It is shown that iron oxide which forms even in hydrogen containing traces of oxygen and/or moisture undergoes strong chemical interaction with alumina to form solid solutions or/and stoichiometric aluminates. Such chemical interactions lead to enhanced surface spreading phenomena and to unusual shapes of the crystallites. The role of strong chemical interactions in the wetting behavior of the crystallites is examined in some detail. It is suggested that because of these interactions the interfacial tension between crystallite and substrate can be decreased enormously (it may even become negative under nonequilibrium conditions). This then leads to a rapid spreading of the crystallite over the substrate, to torus formation, and/or fragmentation of the crystallite. At high temperatures, the smaller crystallites spread completely over the substrate and, as inferred from the electron micrographs, a multilayer film appears to coexist with the crystallites. A variety of mechanisms of sintering could be identified, such as migration and coalescence (even crystallites over 400 A in size were observed to migrate occasionally), direct ripening, and Ostwald ripening. However, the micrographs indicate that these processes, as well as redispersion, are not simple, but parts of complex surface phenomena involving chemical interactions, wetting, shape changes, splitting etc.
Zeta (ζ), the opioid growth factor receptor: identification and characterization of binding subunits

The zeta (zeta) opioid receptor mediates the activity of the opioid growth factor, [Met5]-enkephalin, a peptide that regulates developmental events in a variety of normal and tumorigenic tissues and cells, including the nervous system. To identify the binding subunit(s) of the zeta receptor, protein blots of rat cerebellar proteins from 6-day-old animals were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and electrophoretically transferred onto nitrocellulose. Ligand blotting of these blots with 1.5 nM [125I]-[Met5]-enkephalin revealed four binding polypeptides of 32, 30, 17, and 16 kDa. Binding occurred at concentrations relevant to the Kd of the receptor, was blocked by cold ligand and opioid antagonists, and exhibited a stereospecific response. No binding was recorded in the adult rat cerebellum. Subcellular fractionation studies using ligand blotting and receptor-binding analysis indicated that these binding subunits were associated with the nucleus. Two-dimensional protein analysis using non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (NEPHGE) SDS-PAGE of 6-day-old cerebellum and ligand blotting showed that the 32-, 30-, 17-, and 16-kDa subunits have basic isoelectric points. Two-dimensional chymotryptic peptide mapping showed a strong homology between the 32- and 30-kDa subunits, but not with the 17- and 16-kDa polypeptides. The 17- and 16-kDa subunits had only a partial homology to each other. These results are consistent with the biology, biochemistry, and pharmacology of the zeta receptor, and are the first to identify and characterize the binding polypeptides of an opioid receptor that has important growth-related properties.
The Middle Class Fights Back: How Progressive Movements Can Restore Democracy in America

Brian D'Agostino's The Middle Class Fights Back is a strongly polemical but refreshingly hopeful book. Packed into its 167 pages is a thoroughgoing critique of American institutions as we know them...