cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of Cognitive Strategies by High School Social Studies Students.

Abstract This research study used grounded theory in an attempt to explain how 10th-grade public school students in average and advanced classes used strategies to learn material in their high school social studies classes. This study sought to understand the strategies that students used to learn information, the frequency of their strategy use, and the students' method of acquiring these strategies. The results suggested that cognitive strategy use involves the students' knowledge of cognitive strategies, a need to use the strategies, and a motivation by the students to use the strategies. Furthermore, it suggested that teachers need to stress the relevance of cognitive strategies to students and require more high-level thinking on class work and on exams.
Cognitive, behavioral, and psychophysiological treatments of agoraphobia: A comparative outcome investigation*

Eighty-eight severe and chronic agoraphobics with panic attacks, diagnosed using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.) criteria, were randomly assigned to one of three cognitive, behavioral or psychophysiological treatments: paradoxical intention, graduated in vivo exposure, or progressive deep muscle relaxation training. Experienced therapists, whose treatment integrity was objectively monitored, conducted 12 two-hour weekly sessions. Therapists were completely counterbalanced across treatments. All subjects received extensive programmed practice instruction and feedback, in addition to their primary treatment. A comprehensive assessment battery consisting of clinical ratings and self-report measures of severity, phobia, anxiety, panic, and depression, as well as direct measures of behavioral avoidance and in vivo phobic anxiety, was administered at pre-, mid- (6 weeks), post- (12 weeks), and at three-month follow-up. Analyses revealed statistically significant improvement across all domains and treatments, with few between-group differences. Composite measures of endstate functioning and improvement at posttreatment and three-month follow-up revealed that the treatments were equally effective, yet incomplete. The role of pretreatment clinical and historical measures was examined with regard to therapeutic outcome and maintenance. The phenomenon of tripartite concordance was investigated with regard to both treatment outcome and short-term follow-up. Theoretical and clinical issues raised by these findings are discussed with recommendations for future clinical research.
Protective immunity to lethal challenge of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus by vaccination.

The remarkable infectivity and virulence of the 1918 influenza virus resulted in an unprecedented pandemic, raising the question of whether it is possible to develop protective immunity to this virus and whether immune evasion may have contributed to its spread. Here, we report that the highly lethal 1918 virus is susceptible to immune protection by a preventive vaccine, and we define its mechanism of action. Immunization with plasmid expression vectors encoding hemagglutinin (HA) elicited potent CD4 and CD8 cellular responses as well as neutralizing antibodies. Antibody specificity and titer were defined by a microneutralization and a pseudotype assay that could assess antibody specificity without the need for high-level biocontainment. This pseudotype inhibition assay can define evolving serotypes of influenza viruses and facilitate the development of immune sera and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that may help contain pandemic influenza. Notably, mice vaccinated with 1918 HA plasmid DNAs showed complete protection to lethal challenge. T cell depletion had no effect on immunity, but passive transfer of purified IgG from anti-H1(1918) immunized mice provided protective immunity for naive mice challenged with infectious 1918 virus. Thus, humoral immunity directed at the viral HA can protect against the 1918 pandemic virus.
Risk of neck musculoskeletal disorders among males and females in lifting exertions

Abstract Work-related neck disorders are common among various occupational groups. Despite clear epidemiological evidence for the association of these disorders with forceful arm exertions, the effect of such exertions on the biomechanical behavior of the neck muscles is currently not well understood. In this study, the effect of lifting tasks on the biomechanical loading of neck muscles was investigated for males and females. Twenty-six participants (13 males and 13 females) performed bi-manual isometric lifting tasks at knuckle, elbow, shoulder, and overhead heights by exerting 25%, 50%, and 75% of their maximum strength. The activity of the cervical trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles was recorded bilaterally using surface electromyography. Higher activity of the cervical trapezius muscle (10% MVC–43% MVC) compared to the sternocleidomastoid muscle (4% MVC–18% MVC) was observed. Females tend to use the sternocleidomastoid muscle to a greater extent than males, whereas, higher cervical trapezius muscle activation was observed for males than females. The main effect of weight and height, and weight by height interaction on the activity of neck muscles was statistically significant (all p Relevance to industry Lifting and forceful arm exertions are common at workplaces. The effect of lifting tasks on the biomechanical loading of neck muscles was evaluated in this study. Understanding this effect would improve our pathophysiological understanding of neck WMSDs caused by physically demanding exertions. This will further facilitate development of workplace intervention to modify workplace methods and/or designs so that incidences of neck WMSDs caused by lifting and forceful arm exertions could be minimized.
Proximal Splenic Artery Embolization in Chemotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Retrospective Analysis of 13 Patients

Abstract Purpose To determine if proximal splenic artery embolization (PSAE) provides a safe and effective alternative to alleviate chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT), allowing patients with cancer to resume chemotherapy regimens. Materials and Methods Thirteen patients (9 men, 4 women; mean age, 63 y) with underlying malignancy (pancreatic adenocarcinoma, n=6; cholangiocarcinoma, n=5; other, n=2) complicated by CIT underwent PSAE. Mean platelet counts were calculated before the initiation of chemotherapy, at the nadir that resulted in discontinuation of chemotherapy before the PSAE procedure, at peak values after the procedure, and at a mean follow-up of 9.2 months. The time to reinitiation of chemotherapy after PSAE was calculated. Results Baseline platelet count before initiation of chemotherapy was 162 × 10 9 /L (range, 90–272 × 10 9 /L). The platelet count nadir resulting in cessation of chemotherapy was 45 × 10 9 /L (range, 23–67 × 10 9 /L), and the pre-PSAE platelet count was 88 × 10 9 /L (range, 49–131 × 10 9 /L). The post-PSAE peak platelet count improved significantly (to 209 × 10 9 /L; range, 83–363 × 10 9 /L) compared with the nadir counts and the pre-PSAE counts ( P 9 /L (range, 91–241 × 10 9 /L). All patients became eligible to resume chemotherapy. The time to initiation of chemotherapy after PSAE averaged 22 days (range, 4–58 d) in 12 patients; one patient declined chemotherapy. Conclusions Proximal splenic artery embolization appears to be safe and effective in alleviating CIT, allowing resumption of systemic chemotherapy. Further studies may help guide patient selection by identifying characteristics that allow a sustained improvement in thrombocytopenia.
Two-dimensional layered materials: Structure, properties, and prospects for device applications

Graphene’s layered structure has opened new prospects for the exploration of properties of other monolayer-thick two-dimensional (2D) layered crystals. The emergence of these inorganic 2D atomic crystals beyond graphene promises a diverse spectrum of properties. For example, hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN), a layered material closest in structure to graphene is an insulator, while niobium selenide (NbSe2), a transition metal dichalcogenide, is metallic, and monolayers of other transition metal dichalcogenides such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2) are direct band gap semiconductors. The rich spectrum of properties exhibited by these 2D layered material systems can potentially be engineered on-demand and creates exciting prospects for using such systems in device applications ranging from electronics, photonics, energy harvesting, flexible electronics, transparent electrodes, and sensing. A review of the structure, properties, and the emerging device applications of these materials is presented in this paper. While the layered structure of these materials makes them amenable to mechanical exfoliation for quickly unveiling their novel properties and for fabricating proof-of-concept devices, an overview of the synthesis routes that can potentially enable scalable avenues for forming these 2D atomic crystals is also discussed.
Maternal predator-exposure has lifelong consequences for offspring learning in threespined sticklebacks.

Learning is an important form of phenotypic plasticity that allows organisms to adjust their behaviour to the environment. An individual's learning performance can be affected by its mother's environment. For example, mothers exposed to stressors, such as restraint and forced swimming, often produce offspring with impaired learning performance. However, it is unclear whether there are maternal effects on offspring learning when mothers are exposed to ecologically relevant stressors, such as predation risk. Here, we examined whether maternal predator-exposure affects adult offsprings’ learning of a discrimination task in threespined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Mothers were either repeatedly chased by a model predator (predator-exposed) or not (unexposed) while producing eggs. Performance of adult offspring from predator-exposed and unexposed mothers was assessed in a discrimination task that paired a particular coloured chamber with a food reward. Following training, all offspring learned the colour-association, but offspring of predator-exposed mothers located the food reward more slowly than offspring of unexposed mothers. This pattern was not driven by initial differences in exploratory behaviour. These results demonstrate that an ecologically relevant stressor (predation risk) can induce maternal effects on offspring learning, and perhaps behavioural plasticity more generally, that last into adulthood.
Factors Impacting Customers' Initial Trust in E-Businesses: An Empirical Study

Developing customers' initial trust in e-businesses is critical for many online vendors, especially for startup companies. As an effort to understand initial trust in the business-to-customer e-commerce context, this study uses previous studies and logical reasoning to define initial trust and examines its predictors. Empirical results explaining the factors impacting customers' initial trust in e-businesses are also presented. The results indicate that website quality, among others, has the most significant impact on customers' initial trust in e-businesses.
Increased shedding of HU177 correlates with worse prognosis in primary melanoma

Background: Increased levels of cryptic collagen epitope HU177 in the sera of melanoma patients have been shown to be associated with thicker primary melanomas and with the nodular histologic subtype. In this study, we investigate the association between HU177 shedding in the sera and clinical outcome in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods: Serum samples from 209 patients with primary melanoma prospectively enrolled in the Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group at the New York University Langone Medical Center (mean age = 58, mean thickness = 2.09 mm, stage I = 136, stage II = 41, stage III = 32, median follow-up = 54.9 months) were analyzed for HU177 concentration using a validated ELISA assay. HU177 serum levels at the time of diagnosis were used to divide the study cohort into two groups: low and high HU177. DFS and OS were estimated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and the log-rank test was used to compare DFS and OS between the two HU177 groups. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to examine the independent effect of HU177 category on DFS and OS. Results: HU177 sera concentrations ranged from 0-139.8 ng/ml (mean and median of 6.2 ng/ml and 3.7 ng/ml, respectively). Thirty-eight of the 209 (18%) patients developed recurrences, and 34 of the 209 (16%) patients died during follow-up. Higher HU177 serum level was associated with an increased rate of melanoma recurrence (p = 0.04) and with increasing mortality (p = 0.01). The association with overall survival remained statistically significant after controlling for thickness and histologic subtype in a multivariate model (p = 0.035). Conclusions: Increased shedding of HU177 in the serum of primary melanoma patients is associated with poor prognosis. Further studies are warranted to determine the clinical utility of HU177 in risk stratification compared to the current standard of care.
Neutral Molecule Desorption from SS(304) and A1(6061) Due to Particle Bombardments

The pressure in both electron and proton storage rings is dependent on the particle wall bombardment molecular desorption rates due in one case (proton storage rings) to ~ keV ions while in the other to ~ 100 eV electrons. Also in order to minimize secondary electron amplification effects in both types of machines the secondary electron emission coefficient should be as low as possible. The above quantities have been measured on A1(6061) and SS(304) materials having had various treatments including a sputter deposition of Ti and TiN in the case of A1. The results indicate for both electron and proton storage rings that SS(304) materials properly prepared have particular advantages over A1 considering both molecular desorption yields and secondary electron emission effects.
Bismuth carbomer foam enemas for active chronic pouchitis: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial

Background: Bismuth carbomer liquid enemas are equivalent to mesalamine enemas for active distal ulcerative colitis. Aims: In this study, the efficacy and safety of bismuth carbomer foam enemas for active chronic pouchitis was determined in a placebo-controlled trial. Patients: Forty adult patients with active chronic pouchitis were randomly assigned into either concurrent therapy for pouchitis or no concurrent therapy. Topical corticosteroids and mesalamine were withdrawn prior to the study. Methods: Patients received either bismuth carbomer (270 mg elemental bismuth) (n=20) or placebo (n=20) foam enemas for 3 weeks. Clinical assessment was performed at baseline and at 3 weeks using the pouchitis disease activity index score which incorporates symptoms, endoscopy and histology. Serum bismuth concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: At 3 weeks nine of 20 patients (45%) in both the bismuth and placebo groups had improved. Ten patients discontinued prematurely because of worse diarrhoea (three in each group) or abdominal cramping after enema use (one from the bismuth group and three from the placebo group). No other side-effects were noted. Serum bismuth concentrations were negligible in all patients. Conclusions: Bismuth carbomer foam enemas (270 mg bismuth) nightly for 3 weeks are safe but not efficacious for active chronic pouchitis.
Acute Elevations of Plasma Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Impaired Endothelial Function in Response to a High-Fat Meal in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract —Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a compound detectable in human plasma, is an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase. Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in atherogenesis, and large-vessel atherosclerosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fifty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were studied at baseline and 5 hours after ingestion of a high-fat meal. Plasma ADMA measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography increased from 1.04±0.99 to 2.51±2.27 μmol/L ( P <0.0005). Brachial arterial vasodilation after reactive hyperemia, a NO-dependent function, measured by high-resolution ultrasound, decreased from 6.9±3.9% at baseline to 1.3±4.5% ( P <0.0001). These changes occurred in association with increased plasma levels of triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein triglycerides, with reduced low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and with no changes in total cholesterol. The increase in plasma ADMA in response to a high-fat meal was significantly and inversely related to the decrease in percent vasodilation. In 10 of the subjects studied with a similar protocol on another day, no significant changes in the brachial artery flow responses or in plasma ADMA were observed 5 hours after ingestion of a nonfat isocaloric meal. The data suggest that ADMA may contribute to abnormal blood flow responses and to atherogenesis in type 2 diabetics.
Reduced evoked release of acetylcholine in the rodent hippocampus following traumatic brain injury

The chronic effects of traumatic brain injury on acetylcholine release were evaluated by using in vivo microdialysis. Acetylcholine release was measured in the hippocampus of anesthetized rats 2 weeks after lateral controlled cortical impact (n = 10) or sham surgery (n = 10). Prior to microdialysis, behavioral assessments of motor and spatial memory were performed. Cortical impact (6 meter/s, 2 mm deformation) produced beam balance deficits that persisted for 1 day and beam walking deficits that persisted for 3 days after injury. In addition, spatial memory, as measured by swim latencies in a Morris water maze, was compromised between 10-14 days after injury. Immediately following behavioral testing, the animals were anesthetized with halothane, and a microdialysis probe was placed into the dorsal hippocampus. After a 160 min equilibration period, extracellular levels of acetylcholine were measured prior to and after an intraperitoneal administration of scopolamine (1 mg/kg), which evokes acetylcholine release by blocking autoreceptors. Prior to scopolamine administration, there were no differences in extracellular levels of acetylcholine between injured and sham animals. However, there was a significant reduction of hippocampal acetylcholine release evoked by scopolamine in injured animals as compared to sham controls. In separate control groups, saline administration alone did not change hippocampal acetylcholine release in injured (n = 5) or sham (n = 5) animals. This study represents the first application of in vivo microdialysis to evaluate chronic neurotransmission deficits following TBI. The present study demonstrates that a magnitude of traumatic brain injury (TBI) sufficient to produce spatial memory deficits can result in a reduction in scopolamine-evoked release of acetylcholine within the hippocampus. The data further suggest that presynaptic mechanisms mediating release of acetylcholine could play a significant role in cholinergic neurotransmission deficits following TBI.
Transient Neurologic Dysfunction in Migraine

Transient disturbances in neurologic function are disturbing features of migraine attacks. Aura types include binocular visual, hemi-sensory, language and unilateral motor symptoms. Because of the gradual spreading quality of visual and sensory symptoms, they were thought to arise from the cerebral cortex. Motor symptoms previously included as a type of migraine aura were reclassified as a component of hemiplegic migraine. ICHD-3 criteria of the International Headache Society, added brainstem aura and retinal aura as separate subtypes. The susceptibility to all types of aura is likely to be included by complex and perhaps epigenetic factors.
Performance when misinformation increases with experience

An official whose experience increases over time may overweight old information when making decisions. If the state of nature changes over time, the official’s performance eventually worsens with experience. Though a new official may initially perform worse than his predecessor, maximizing average performance requires that officials are regularly replaced.
Meta-analysis: apolipoprotein E genotypes and risk for coronary heart disease.

Previous studies on apolipoprotein E (apoE) e4 allele as a risk factor for coronary heart disease have had conflicting results. This meta-analysis found that the apoE e4 allele is strongly implicat...
Portrayals of Print Literacy in Children's Television Programming:

Television continues to be an important part of young children's daily lives. Therefore, an important question lies in how popular television programs depict aspects of children's development and l...
NK Cells and Immune “Memory”

Immunological memory is a hallmark of the adaptive immune system. However, the ability to remember and respond more robustly against a second encounter with the same pathogen has been described in organisms lacking T and B cells. Recently, NK cells have been shown to mediate Ag-specific recall responses in several different model systems. Although NK cells do not rearrange the genes encoding their activating receptors, NK cells experience a selective education process during development, undergo a clonal-like expansion during virus infection, generate long-lived progeny (i.e., memory cells), and mediate more efficacious secondary responses against previously encountered pathogens—all characteristics previously ascribed only to T and B cells in mammals. This review describes past findings leading up to these new discoveries, summarizes the evidence for and characteristics of NK cell memory, and discusses the attempts and future challenges to identify these long-lived memory NK cell populations in humans.
Hydrogen production in Ar/NH/sub 3/ micro-discharges

Summary form only given. Microdischarges (MDs) are being investigated for a variety of applications including hydrogen production for portable fuel cells, microreactors and displays. In portable fuel applications, major system issues include development of practical and safe methods to produce H2 with low lag-times. H2 production from feedstock gases like NH3 typically requires high gas temperatures for thermal decomposition. Due to their high power densities (>10s kW/cm-3) MDs provide an intense source of electron impact dissociation as well as high gas temperatures (>1000 K) for thermal dissociation. By operating at pressures up to and including atmospheric, reformation of N2 and H2 from the dissociation products by three body reactions can be efficient. In this paper, results from a computational investigation of production of H2 from atmospheric pressure microdischarges in Ar/NH3 mixtures will be discussed. The computational platform is a 2-dimensional plasma hydrodynamics model having an unstructured mesh to resolve non-equilibrium electron, ion and neutral transport using fluid equations. Sheath accelerated, beam-like electrons are resolved using a Monte Carlo simulation. A compressible Navier-Stokes module provides the bulk fluid velocities and temperatures. The devices we investigated are cylindrically symmetric sandwich type reactors with characteristic dimensions of 100s mum at high pressures (few 100s torr to atmospheric). Results from a parametric investigation of power (up to 10s W), flow rates (residence time of a few mus) and Ar/NH3 ratios will be discussed with the goal of maximizing the conversion of NH3 to H2 while minimizing the required power
HOW TO UNDERSTAND THE EXTENDED MIND

Given how epistemologists conceive of understanding, to what degree do we understand the hypothesis of extended mind? If the extended mind debate is a substantive dispute, then we have only superficial understanding of the extended mind hypothesis. And if we have deep understanding of the extended mind hypothesis, then the debate over this hypothesis is nothing but a verbal dispute.
Theta Functions and Factors of Automorphy

we define the classic theta function θ and its modification ϕ by \(\theta (u,z; r,s) = \sum _{g - r\epsilon Z^{n}} e(2^{-1}. ^{t} gzg + ^{t} g(u+s))\)\(\varphi (u,z; r,s) = e(2^{-1}. ^{t} u{(z - \overline{z} ^{-1} u)} \theta (u, z; r,s))\)
Chemical and Waste Management Tracking and Report-Generating Systems

The Chemical and Waste Management and Report-Generating System are software packages for personal computers to provide tracking and inventory controls, and report preparation capabilities for compliance with local, state and federal regulations. Designed by Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, these packages will: streamline the inventory and tracking of chemicals and waste products; and provide cost-effective production of required reports in standardized formats.
Active vibration control of a wind turbine blade using synthetic jets

Active vibration control via an array of synthetic jet actuators was investigated experimentally in a wind tunnel. Using synthetic jets the flow over a small scale S809 finite wind turbine blade was controlled, resulting in reduction of the blade's structural vibrations. The effectiveness of the synthetic jets was explored for a range of post-stall angles of attack at Reynolds numbers between 7.1 × 104 and 2.38 × 105. The blade vibrations were measured and quantified using a pair of strain gauges mounted at the root of the model. Using flow control, significant vibration reduction was observed for some post-stall angles of attack. A correlation between vibration reduction and the degree of flow reattachment, measured using Particle Image Velocimetry, was found.
Free Fatty Acid as a Link in the Regulation of Hepatic Glucose Output by Peripheral Insulin

Overproduction of glucose by the liver in the face of insulin resistance is a primary cause of hyperglycemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). However, mechanisms involved in control of hepatic glucose output (HGO) remain less than clear, even in normal individuals. Recent results have supported an indirect extrahepatic effect of insulin as the primary locus of insulin action to restrain HGO. One suggested extrahepatic site is the pancreatic alpha-cell. To examine whether insulin's extrahepatic site is independent of the alpha-cells, HGO suppression was examined independent of changes in glucagon secretion or insulin antagonism of glucagon action. Euglycemic glucose clamps (n = 40) with somatostatin infusion were performed in conscious dogs (n = 5). Paired experiments were conducted in which insulin was infused either portally (1.2, 3.0, 6.0 pmol.min-1.kg-1) or peripherally at half the portal infusion rate (0.6, 1.5, 3.0 pmol.min-1.kg-1). Additional zero and saturating portal-dose experiments (100 pmol.min-1.kg-1) were also performed. For the paired experiments, portal insulin infusion resulted in portal insulin concentrations approximately two to three times higher than in the corresponding peripheral insulin infusion experiments, while at the same time peripheral insulin concentrations were approximately matched. Equal peripheral insulin concentration resulted in equivalent HGO suppression irrespective of the portal concentrations. Thus, insulin affects a signal at a peripheral site, other than alpha-cell, that in turn suppresses hepatic glucose production. To investigate the nature of this signal, we measured alanine, lactate, and free fatty acids (FFAs).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
MORPHOMETRIC VARIATION IN THE CRANIUM, MANDIBLE, AND DENTITION OF CANIS LATRANS AND CANIS LEPOPHAGUS (CARNIVORA: CANIDAE) AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF ISOLATED FOSSIL SPECIMENS

Abstract Morphometric variation in the cranium, mandible, and dentition of the Blancan coyote, Canis lepophagus, and the modern coyote, Canis latrans, was evaluated using discriminant function analysis to determine if continuous characters can be used to differentiate these 2 taxa. Measurements from 88 continuous characters were partitioned into 4 groups (cranial, upper dentition, mandibular, and lower dentition) and analyzed separately to evaluate whether isolated or fragmentary specimens support species-level discrimination. Measurements from the most complete, Irvingtonian-aged coyote skull were added to the analyses as an unknown to assess the morphometric affinity of this fossil specimen. Results indicate that complete morphometric separation is possible between C. lepophagus and C. latrans, but only using cranial or mandibular data. This separation is maintained for crania when the number of analyzed measurements is reduced to as little as 1 (height of the braincase). In contrast, a suite of mandibu...
Ab initio coupled-cluster and multi-reference configuration interaction studies of the low-lying electronic states of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetraone

ABSTRACTThe four, closely spaced, lowest energy electronic states of the challenging, D4h-symmetric, 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetraone (C4O4) molecule have been investigated using high-level ab initio methods. The calculated states include the closed-shell singlet 8π(1A1g) state, the singlet 10π(1A1g) state, in which the π-type lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the 8π(1A1g) reference is doubly occupied and the σ-type highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is empty, and the open-shell singlet and triplet states, designated as 9π(1B2u) and 9π(3B2u), respectively, originating from single occupancy of the HOMO and LUMO. Our focus is on single-reference coupled-cluster (CC) approaches capable of handling electronic near-degeneracies in diradicals, especially the completely renormalised CR-CC(2,3) and active-space CCSDt methods, along with their CCSD and EOMCCSD counterparts. The internally contracted multi-reference configuration interaction calculations with a quasi-degenerate Davidson correction are...
The Effects of Employee Voice and Delight on Job Satisfaction and Behaviors: Comparison Between Employee Generations

The need for better understanding of Generation Y (Gen Y) employees is becoming vital for the success of the hospitality industry. This study is designed to examine the relationships of employee voice, delight, satisfaction, loyalty, and turnover intent between Gen Y employees and older employees within a hospitality business environment. Two hotels, independently owned and operated in the Midwest, were selected for this study; and survey data were collected through a self-administered paper survey. The findings indicate that Gen Y employees showed lower values of voice, delight, satisfaction, and loyalty than did their older counterparts, while their turnover intent was greater. The findings of this study can provide new and valuable insights into the understanding of Gen Y employees and will be useful for managers as it provides timely implications for developing more effective management strategies and practices.
On the Role of Pattern Matching in Information Theory

In this paper, the role of pattern matching information theory is motivated and discussed. We describe the relationship between a pattern's recurrence time and its probability under the data-generating stochastic source. We show how this relationship has led to great advances in universal data compression. We then describe nonasymptotic uniform bounds on the performance of data-compression algorithms in cases where the size of the training data that is available to the encoder is not large enough so as to yield the asymptotic compression: the Shannon entropy. We then discuss applications of pattern matching and universal compression to universal prediction, classification, and entropy estimation.
Plagioclase from planetary basalts: Chemical signatures that reflect planetary volatile budgets, oxygen fugacity, and styles of igneous differentiation

Plagioclase grains from 15 basalt suites from the Earth, Moon, Mars, and 4 Vesta were studied by electron and ion microprobe techniques. The results demonstrate that chemical signatures in plagioclase record three planetary aspects that affect basaltic magmatism: (1) Volatile element depletions and enrichments in the planetary bodies are recorded by the systematics of Na and K in plagioclase. Terrestrial and Martian plagioclase are enriched in the volatile elements relative to plagioclase from the Moon and Vesta, a result that mimics the overall volatile budgets of these planets. Furthermore, the volatile-depleted nature of both the Moon and Vesta imply some similarities in planetary origin and/or evolution of these bodies. (2) The overall oxygen fugacity conditions on a planet may be realized by the Eu/Sm ratios of planetary plagioclase grains. Our data show that plagioclase from the Moon and 4 Vesta has higher Eu/Sm relative to plagioclase from the Earth and Mars. These data are consistent with low oxygen fugacity conditions on the Moon and Vesta, where divalent Eu is more compatible within the plagioclase structure than other trivalent REE elements. (3) The incompatible element systematics of K, REE, Ba, Y, and Sr in plagioclase show that styles of igneous differentiation affect basaltic magmatism on planets and more specifically, within tectonic settings on each planet. Terrestrial plagioclase grains from continental flood, continental rift, and Hawaiian basalt suites are enriched in the incompatible elements K, Ce, Ba, and Sr compared with Ocean Floor and Island Arc suites. The enrichments in the former are caused by continental crust interaction with basaltic magmas, and/or derivation from undepleted (fertile) mantle sources. Lunar KREEP basalt plagioclase enrichment in incompatible elements reflect mare basalt assimilation of a KREEP component, or partial melting of a KREEP-rich source. The Martian incompatible element data show that plagioclase from Shergotty is enriched in incompatible elements relative to plagioclase from QUE 94201. The data are in agreement with the idea that most Martian shergottites (except for QUE) have assimilated an incompatible element-rich crustal component on their way to eruption on the Martian surface.
Luminescent Oxide Gels

Luminescent oxide gels were prepared by hydrolysis of silicon alkoxides in solutions containing the luminescent hexanuclear molybdenum cluster Mo6Cl12. The resulting gel exhibited emission and lifetime behavior characteristic of Mo6Cl12 thereby indicating that the excited-state properties of the metal cluster species are not significantly perturbed by the gel environment.
Genetic Research of Three-line Indica Hybrid Rice Resistance to False Smut

In order to explore the male sterile( MS) lines' cytoplasmic effects and the restorer lines' resistant inheritance of rice false smut,with anti-false smut MS 45A as the female parent,crossed with 14 susceptible restorer lines( R988 etc.) and 16 resistant restorer lines( R288 selection etc.),the study carried out at a disease nursery with natural induce and auxiliary artificial inoculation. The results showed that no cytoplasmic effects existed in antifalse smut MS 45A,and F1of 45A crossed with 14 susceptible restorer lines exhibited susceptible to rice false smut.When 45A crossed with 16 resistant restorer lines,F1 showed three patterns of resistance inheritance including dominant,incompletely dominant and recessive. Dominant and incompletely dominant frequency accounted for 81. 25%.There was highly significant positive correlation between F1 disease indicators and corresponding restorer lines indicators which included disease spike rate,disease index,average diseased grains per panicle,and highest disease grains. HA188,HA197,and HA198 etc. new germlasm of anti-false smut hybrid rice restorer lines were screened.And hybrid rice breeding for false smut resistance was discussed.
Disparities in TKA Outcomes: Census Tract Data Show Interactions Between Race and Poverty

Race is an important predictor of TKA outcomes in the United States; however, analyses of race can be confounded by socioeconomic factors, which can result in difficulty determining the root cause of disparate outcomes after TKA. We asked: (1) Are race and socioeconomic factors at the individual level associated with patient-reported pain and function 2 years after TKA? (2) What is the interaction between race and community poverty and patient-reported pain and function 2 years after TKA? We identified all patients undergoing TKA enrolled in a hospital-based registry between 2007 and 2011 who provided 2-year outcomes and lived in New York, Connecticut, or New Jersey. Of patients approached to participate in the registry, more than 82% consented and provided baseline data, and of these patients, 72% provided 2-year data. Proportions of patients with complete followup at 2 years were lower among blacks (57%) than whites (74%), among patients with Medicaid insurance (51%) compared with patients without Medicaid insurance (72%), and among patients without a college education (67%) compared with those with a college education (71%). Our final study cohort consisted of 4035 patients, 3841 (95%) of whom were white and 194 (5%) of whom were black. Using geocoding, we linked individual-level registry data to US census tracts data through patient addresses. We constructed a multivariate linear mixed-effect model in multilevel frameworks to assess the interaction between race and census tract poverty on WOMAC pain and function scores 2 years after TKA. We defined a clinically important effect as 10 points on the WOMAC (which is scaled from 1 to 100 points, with higher scores being better). Race, education, patient expectations, and baseline WOMAC scores are all associated with 2-year WOMAC pain and function; however, the effect sizes were small, and below the threshold of clinical importance. Whites and blacks from census tracts with less than 10% poverty have similar levels of pain and function 2 years after TKA (WOMAC pain, 1.01 ± 1.59 points lower for blacks than for whites, p = 0.53; WOMAC function, 2.32 ± 1.56 lower for blacks than for whites, p = 0.14). WOMAC pain and function scores 2 years after TKA worsen with increasing levels of community poverty, but do so to a greater extent among blacks than whites. Disparities in pain and function between blacks and whites are evident only in the poorest communities; decreasing in a linear fashion as poverty increases. In census tracts with greater than 40% poverty, blacks score 6 ± 3 points lower (worse) than whites for WOMAC pain (p = 0.03) and 7 ± 3 points lower than whites for WOMAC function (p = 0.01). Blacks and whites living in communities with little poverty have similar patient-reported TKA outcomes, whereas in communities with high levels of poverty, there are important racial disparities. Efforts to improve TKA outcomes among blacks will need to address individual- and community-level socioeconomic factors. Level III, therapeutic study.
Cellular Retinol and Retinoic Acid-Binding Proteins

In recent years considerable effort has been directed toward the detection, isolation, and characterization of intracellular proteins which specifically bind compounds with vitamin A activity. This interest was triggered by the discovery of a protein that specifically binds retinol (vitamin A alcohol). This protein was detected in soluble protein extracts of some vitamin A-sensitive organs (Bashor et al., 1973). Subsequently, a different protein, which specifically bound retinoic acid (vitamin A acid), was also discovered in extracts of various animal tissues (Ong and Chytil, 1975a; Sani and Hill, 1976). Interest in this field intensified as evidence for a role of these proteins in normal as well as malignant growth accumulated (Ong and Chytil 1975b; Chytil and Ong, 1976).
Muscle-derived matrix metalloproteinase regulates stem cell proliferation in planarians.

BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of regulatory enzymes that function in extracellular matrix degradation and facilitate a diverse range of cellular processes. Despite the significant focus on the activities of MMPs in human disease, there is a lack of substantial knowledge regarding their normal physiological roles and their role in regulating aspects of stem cell biology. The freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea (S. mediterranea) is an excellent system in which to study robust and nearly unlimited regeneration, guided by a population of mitotically active stem cells, termed neoblasts. RESULTS We characterized MMPs in the context of planarian stem cells, specifically exploring the role of S. mediterranea MT-MMPB. Using in situ hybridization and available functional genomic tools, we observed that mt-mmpB is expressed in the dorsoventral muscle cells, and its loss results in a reduction in animal size accompanied by a decrease in mitotic cells, suggesting that it plays a unique role in regulating stem cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The novel findings of this study bring to light the unique and critical roles that muscles play in regulating neoblast function, and more broadly, highlight the importance of MMPs in stem cell biology. Developmental Dynamics 245:963-970, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
When a Migraine Is Not a Migraine

A 29-year-old woman with a history of ocular migraines presented to her physician for numerous episodes of acute vision changes with either partial or complete blindness, expressive aphasia, and dysarthria that were increasing in frequency over the prior six months. There was no headache. Episodes lasted ten to thirty minutes and they spontaneously resolved. She had been diagnosed as a teen with ocular migraines because of a similar history and normal ophthalmologic and neurologic examinations and normal brain MRI. She was treated with topiramate with complete resolution …
W(h)ither Postmodernism: Late Amis

Toward the end of The Information (1995), Richard Tull ponders a series of questions that have come to mirror Amis’s own in the years following that novel’s publication. Lamenting the enervation of literary form, Tull ruminates about the structural inversions of genre: [L]iterature, Richard said, describes a descent. First, gods. Then demigods. Then epic became tragedy: failed kings, failed heroes. Then the gentry. Then the middle class and its mercantile dreams. Then it was about you — [...]: social realism. Then it was about them: lowlife. Villains. The ironic age. And [...] Richard was saying: Now what? Literature, for a while, can be about us ... about writers. But that won’t last long. How do we burst clear of all this? [...] Whither the novel? (328)
Therapeutic developments for autoimmune demyelinating diseases: Musings from an MD (mouse doctor)

This paper is a summary of the lecture given by Dr. Racke at a meeting celebrating the 40th anniversary of the Neuroimmunology Branch (NIB). This talk was the keynote address given at the end of the first day of lectures after a toast given by Cedric Raine, Dale McFarlin's "brother from another mother". Several speakers during the day gave their own musings on the reasons for the success of the NIB, and this lecture attempted to give a sense to those present of the speaker's view for the reason of this success.
Mental Illness and Firearms: Legal Context and Clinical Approaches

Gun violence and mental illness is a major area of media attention, especially because highly publicized mass shootings seem to have become more commonly reported in the press. Gun access also is undergoing a highly politicized debate in the United States. It is important for mental health practitioners to understand the background and context of laws related to firearms access, and to understand data related to risk of suicide and violence toward others caused by gun violence among persons with mental illness. In addition, clinically driven risk assessments with specific inquiry related to firearms can be important for identifying individuals for whom firearm-focused clinical risk mitigation may be warranted.
It′s Time to Ask the Right Questions: Highlighting Critical Areas toExplore Cyberbullying in Adolescents

Cyberbullying is recognized as a serious public health problem in youth and increasingly linked with both short and long term psychological, physiological and social consequences. In the age of social media, clinicians are expected to have a low threshold of suspicion for cyberbullying; however, an insufficient awareness of its prevalence along with a lack of available standardized interviewing techniques may become a barrier for its uniform assessment. This editorial underscores the importance of learning the differences between both traditional bullying and cyberbullying and to encourage providers to adopt creative ways to interview youth for early recognition and timely intervention.
An improved statistical disclosure attack

Statistical disclosure attack (SDA) is known to be an effective long-term intersection attack against mix-based anonymising systems, in which an attacker observes a large volume of the incoming and outgoing traffic of a system and correlates its senders with receivers that they often send messages to. In this paper, we further strengthen the effectiveness of this attack. We show, by both an example and a proof, that by employing a weighted mean of the observed relative receiver popularity, the attacker can determine more accurately the set of receivers that a user sends messages to, than by using the existing arithmetic mean-based technique.
Pulmonary fibrosis, part I: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis.

Introduction: Many forms of interstitial lung disease (ILD) can progress to extensive fibrosis and respiratory failure. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which generally has a poor prognosis, ha...
Emplacement of ultramafic-carbonatite intrusions along reactivated North American mid-continent rift structures

Abstract Understanding the various emplacement pathways of ultramafic‑carbonatite intrusive complexes and mapping of their global distribution are in an early stage. Discerning the pattern of their emplacement can reveal information about earth's dynamics and guide exploration for associated economic deposits. Here we apply multiple spatial analysis methods and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to assess the correlation between outcrops of ultramafic‑carbonatite intrusives and regional craton-scale fractures and assign targets for further exploration. Kernel density cluster, two-point azimuth, and the Fry method two-dimension spatial analyses are applied to 58 known outcrops of intrusives in the Avon Volcanic District (AVD), southeast Missouri USA. The results of the spatial analysis show linear trends among the outcrops with three primary orientations: northwest, northeast, and east-west and a strong correlation with regional fault zones. SAR data processing and analysis guided by the spatial results reveals rhombic lineament patterns with sides that parallel the northwest-northeast emplacement patterns of the AVD. These rhombic structures are related to possible extensional stepover duplexes, likely formed during Precambrian North American plate rifting along transfer faults. Reactivation of the Precambrian structures during high angle dip slip and wrench faulting that was penecontemporaneous with emplacement of the AVD in the Devonian likely provided pathways for the mantle-derived intrusives. These findings can guide exploration efforts and help us understand the emplacement of a unique intracontinental intrusive complex.