cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of drinking and smoking on the labour market outcomes of low-income young adults

Among adults the causal ‘drinking bonus’ and ‘smoking penalty’ have been estimated to be as large as 12% and 24%, respectively. The magnitudes of these effects compare in size with many active labour market programs targeted at low-income young adults. This article extends the literature by examining these relationships in such a group. Somewhat surprisingly the data indicate that just as in the greater population young drinkers have more favourable labour market outcomes than nondrinkers. However, when a fixed-effects approach is used to identify causal impacts there is no evidence that drinking has a positive impact on labour market outcomes and some evidence for negative returns to drinking. The smoking penalty is estimated to be much smaller among this group and not statistically significant. Finally, estimates suggest that the observed correlations between consumption and labour market outcomes are biased by unobserved characteristics of the individual as well as unobservables that change over time t...
Automatic discovery of salient segments in imperfect speech transcripts

This paper addresses the problem of automatic detection of salient video segments for real-world applications such as corporate training based on associated speech transcriptions. We present a novel segmentation algorithm based on automatic speech recognition (ASR) applied to the audio track of the video. Our feature set consists of word n-grams extracted from the imperfect speech transcriptions. We use a two-pass algorithm that combines a boundary-based method with a content-based method. In the first pass, we analyze the temporal distribution and the rate of arrival of features to compute an initial segmentation. In the second pass, we detect changes in content-bearing words by using the content-bearing features as queries in an information retrieval system. The content-based second pass validates the initial segments and merges them as needed. Variations in the structure of the audio/video content, and the accuracy of ASR have an impact on the feasibility of the segmentation task. For realistic data we observe that we can identify content-rich segments of the audio. In the best scenario a high-level table-of-contents is generated and in the worse scenario a single salient segment is identified. We illustrate the algorithm in detail with some examples and validate the data with manual segmentation boundaries.
In vitro effects of drugs on production of mucins in rabbit tracheal epithelial cells expressing mucin gene: a model system for studying upper airway respiratory diseases.

Rabbit tracheal epithelial cells, cultured on collagen-coated dishes in serumfree and hormone-supplemented medium, were found to incorporate [3H]glucosamine into high-molecular-weight components that were secreted in the medium. The chemical analysis of the secreted products resulted in a profile that resembled that of mucous glycoproteins (mucins). When examined by dot blot analysis, the total RNA isolated from these cells hybridized to an antisense 30-mer oligonucleotide corresponding to a rat intestine mucin peptide sequence, indicating that mucin gene was expressed in these cell lines. Lung and liver tissues of rabbit did not express this gene. Transmission electron microscopy exhibited secretory granules in these cells. The incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into mucins was inhibited by three aryl-N-acetyl-galactosaminides and a chemical carcinogen,N-nitroso-N-ethyl urea, whereas 5-azacytidine enhanced the proliferation of cells as well as the radiolabeling of mucins. Parasympathetic agent (pilocarpine), cholinergic antagonist (atropine), andβ-adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol) alone have little effect on the secretion of mucins. The cholinergic agonist, methacholine, was found to increase the production of mucins and addition of atropine to the medium before methacholine blocked this stimulation. Histamine was found to stimulate mucin production in these cells.
Predictors of marital stability 2 years following traumatic brain injury.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the predictors of continuous marital stability over 2 years post-injury and examine the moderating effects of ethnicity.Design: Retrospective study.Setting: Longitudinal dataset of the TBI Model Systems National Database.Participants: Nine hundred and seventy-seven individuals with primarily moderate-to-severe TBI (751 Caucasians and 226 minorities) hospitalized between 1989–2005.Main outcomes: Marital stability was defined as ‘stably married’ (married at admission and married at follow-up years 1 and 2) and ‘unstably married’ (being single, divorced or separated at any of the two follow-up years).Results: Across the 2 years post-injury, 85% of study participants who reported being married upon admission for TBI had stable marital status, while 15% indicated being separated or divorced. Younger age, being a male with a TBI, suffering a TBI as a result of a violent injury and having moderate injury severity predicted marital instability. Furtherm...
Data structures and computational organization in digital image enhancement

Two practical questions in developing an image enhancement computer program are considered: the data structure for the matrix of image samples, and computing the FFT of a large matrix. Experience in developing such programs is discussed, and characteristics of an enhancement program developed for the CDC 6600/7600 computers are described.
Heterogeneity of prostate cancer inradical prostatectomy specimens

Objective To understand the morphologic and spatial relationships of thevarious grades of prostate cancer, we investigated whether poorly differentiated cancer usually arises within the center of a large, well-differentiated tumor or more often forms the periphery or leading edge of the tumor.
Experimental verification of scaling relationships for fluidized bed

Abstract To verify the scaling relationships for fluidized beds, an atmospheric fluidized bed combustor and a cold bed constructed to operate at the same values
STUDIES IN GLOMERULONEPHRITIS : III. AN ATTEMPT TO PRODUCE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS BY REPEATED INJECTIONS OF BACTERIA.

Repeated injections into the blood stream of streptococci and stapnylococci derived from cases of scarlet fever, and of Bacillus coli communior failed to produce typical glomerulonephritis even when immune antibodies could be demonstrated in the serum in high dilutions. Bacteriolysis of streptococci was not found by the usual tests in intro or by the Pfeiffer procedure. It is therefore concluded that the weight of evidence is against the theory that glomerulonephritis is due to immune bacteriolysis of streptococci. The experiments also failed to give any support to the hypothesis of allergy or. of sensitization as a factor in the production of the disease. Evidence is presented to show that bacterial emboli are rapidly removed from the glomerular capillaries by leukocytes, and that this embolism, even after injections of enormous quantities of bacteria, affects but a small proportion of the glomeruli. It is again suggested that a circulating poison in the soluble state is responsible directly for the disease in question.
An apparatus to measure polymer swelling under load

A new apparatus was developed and used to investigate the swelling behavior of crosslinked hydrophilic polymers under an applied load as a function of time and absorbed weight. The swelling capacity and creep compliance of the polyacrylates under load was found to be a function of their degree of crosslinking. The swelling behavior was analyzed as a function of time using the Nutting equation which allowed for a measure of the relative viscous or elastic contributions of the polymer to the creep behavior.
Whole genome genotyping technologies on the BeadArray platform.

The ability to simultaneously genotype hundreds of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a single assay has recently become feasible due to innovative combinations of assay and array platform multiplexing. In this review, we describe the development of the Infinium® whole genome genotyping technology and the BeadArray™ platform. We discuss the automated use and performance of a series of genotyping BeadChips, including data quality, technology scalability, and flexibility in designing array content. We describe high-density tag SNP-based Bead-Chips and various multi-sample BeadChip configurations with their respective applications. These technologies are enabling large-scale whole genome association studies that have the potential to revolutionize our ability to detect common genetic variants with a significant role in identifying disease-associated loci, proteins, biomarkers, and pharmacogenomic responses.
Effects of autoionizing resonances on electron-impact excitation rates for Be-like ions

The effects of autoionizing resonances on the electron-impact excitation rates for n=2 to n=2 intrashell transitions in beryllium-like ions have been studied for six ions with atomic numbers Z = 30, 34, 36, 42, 47, and 54. The resonance contributions to the excitation rates were calculated in the isolated-resonance approximation. Detailed Auger and radiative rates were evaluated in the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock model. Results are compared with background rates from the Coulomb-Born-exchange approximation. Autoionizing resonance have been found to enhance the electron-impact excitation rates by a factor of 2-4 for the electric-dipole-forbidden transitions, while for dipole-allowed transitions, the resonance effects amount to only a few percent of these rates.
A molecular orbital study comparing the effects of heteroatom substitution in trans-1,3-butadiene, all-trans-1,3,5-hexatriene, and benzene

To gain more understanding of the nature of the perturbation that results from heteroatom substitution in conjugated polyenes and in an aromatic ring environment, we have carried out calculations ontrans-H2C=X(H)-CH=CH2, all-trans-H2C=CH-X(H)=CH-CH=CH2, and with X = C, N, Si, and P, using the 6-31G*(5D) basis set with full geometry optimization. Linear relationships are found between (a) the C-X and C-C bond lengths, (b) the total overlap population in the C-C, C-N, C-Si, and C-P bonds and the bond length, and (c) the total atomic charge on the N, Si, and P atoms and the corresponding C atom in the various structures, and the electronegativity of N, Si, P and C. Whereas Si is more strongly bonded in the diene and triene compared to the aromatic ring, P, like N, appears to be bonded equally well in all three structural environments.
Magnetothermal Effect in Two-Dimensional Electron Systems,

Adiabatic variation of a strong magnetic field is expected to produce strong temperature oscillations in two-dimensional electron systems at low temperatures.
Comparison of stimulated growth hormone levels in primed versus unprimed provocative tests. Effect of various testosterone doses on growth hormone levels.

OBJECTIVE To show the importance of priming prior to growth hormone (GH) stimulation tests in the diagnosis of GH deficiency, the effect of different doses and schedules of testosterone (T) on GH levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-four prepubertal and early pubertal boys whose heights were 2 SD below the mean and height velocities 10 ng/ml in 22/41 (54%) and 26/43 (60%) who received LDT and CDT respectively (p = 0.528). The mean GH level of 21 boys who received MDT was increased from 5.38 +/- 2.50 ng/ml (by priming with one dose T) to 10.19 +/- 6.13 ng/ml (p = 0.004). Twelve (57%) of 21 boys who received MDT responded to GH stimulation test >10 ng/ml. The T level increased from 0.71 +/- 0.97 to 4.54 +/- 2.80 ng/ml by LDT (p < 0.001) and from 0.65 +/- 0.71 to 7.18 +/- 3.18 ng/ml by CDT (p < 0.001). The increment of T level was higher by CDT than LDT (p = 0.001). There was no correlation between T and peak GH levels after priming. CONCLUSION LDT is as effective as CDT in priming of GH stimulation tests. The ones who failed in GH stimulation tests after one dose T injection can be primed with MDT. The stimulated GH level after priming was related neither to the plasma level of T nor the dose of T.
Architectural rules of the zinc-finger motif: comparative two-dimensional NMR studies of native and "aromatic-swap" domains define a "weakly polar switch".

Abstract The Zn-finger motif, encoding a globular minidomain with characteristic structure, provides a striking example of a sequence template for protein folding. Insight into architectural rules relating the amino acid sequence of a protein to its structure and stability may be obtained by comparative study of analogues. As our first step toward defining such rules for the Zn finger, we have recently described the design of an "aromatic-swap" analogue based on the ZFY two-finger repeat: a conserved alternation in sequence pattern observed among odd- and even-numbered domains in a family of sex-related vertebrate transcription factors. Consensus and "swapped" aromatic residues, introduced as revertants of less stable "aromaticless" analogues, were observed to provide equivalent contributions to the thermodynamic stability of the Zn finger. Here we describe and compare the solution structures of a wild-type domain and an aromatic-swap analogue, as determined by two-dimensional NMR and distance-geometry/restrained molecular dynamics calculations. The wild-type and aromatic-swap analogue each contain an N-terminal beta-sheet and a C-terminal alpha-helix (beta beta alpha motif), as observed in other systems, and exhibit a highly ordered hydrophobic core in which the native or swapped aromatic ring is closely packed. Remarkably, however, the two structures are stabilized by alternative aromatic-aromatic interactions, which in turn alter the respective DNA-binding surfaces. Our results suggest that native and swapped Zn-finger sequences encode a "weakly polar switch" between thermodynamically equivalent but functionally distinct architectures for DNA recognition.
Newborn with an open posterior hip dislocation and sciatic nerve injury after intrauterine radiofrequency ablation of a sacrococcygeal teratoma.

Advanced prenatal ultrasonography techniques have allowed for better understanding of the natural history, treatment, and prognosis of sacrococcygeal teratomas. Several intrauterine surgical techniques to debulk the tumor when fetal and maternal life are in jeopardy have been described. Orthopaedic impairment, such as lower extremity weakness and swelling, also has been described in association with sacrococcygeal teratomas. The authors report on a newborn in whom a large soft tissue defect overlying the posterior hip region with direct exposure of the disarticulated hip joint existed at the time of birth, which resulted from intrauterine radiofrequency ablation of a sacrococcygeal teratoma. This unexpected complication has resulted in a loss of sciatic nerve function, malformation of the acetabulum and femoral head, and loss of the left ischium, coccyx, inferior sacrum, gluteal, adductor and piriformis muscles, and posterior hip capsule. At 16 months of age, the patient has a flaccid left lower extremity with a hypoplastic hip joint.
On-line preparation of [11C]carbon dioxide from [11C]methane

Abstract [11C]Methane, produced from the (p, α) nuclear reaction on a nitrogen-5.6% hydrogen target, has been oxidized in an “on-line” synthetic train to yield [11C]carbon dioxide. [11C]methane is quantitatively adsorbed from the target gas on a Porapak Q column cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature. Following absorptive concentration, the [11C]methane is oxidized by passage over cobalt(II–III) oxide powder heated to 500°C in a stream of nitrogen-2.0% oxygen. The isotopic dilution occurring during this conversion was determined to be 60%.
SCHEMA POINTER PLUS TAG MODEL AND INTERIOR DESIGN

The present study was a test of two theoretical models which attempt to explain memory for interior designs. One model proposed by Brewer and Treyens predicted better memory performance for typical items while a Schema Pointer Plus Tag model predicted better memory performance for atypical.Ten scenarios or verbal descriptions of specific rooms and commercial establishments were presented to 40 subjects. These scenarios contained items generated and then rated on typicality to the scenario by two previous groups of subjects. Recognition ratings were then performed by the group which was presented with the scenarios immediately after presentation. Hit and false alarm rates were computed along with d' scores as a measure memory retention. ANOVAs were computed with typicality of the items as the independent variable with hit rates, false alarm rates and d' scores as the dependent measures for each.The data confirmed the Schema Pointer Plus Tag model proposed by Graesser (1981). Further research and implicatio...
Race-Making and the Garrison State

This essay explores the implications of Paul Massing’s findings that CIO union members were slightly more resistant to authoritarianism than AFL affiliated unionists. I begin by sketching the contours of the different forms of union consciousness produced by the AFL’s craft unionism and the CIO’s industrial unionism. Then, paying special attention to the ‘ethnic’ constituency of CIO unions, I argue that the CIO offered a particularly egalitarian vision of union democracy, at least until the onset of World War II. In the second half of the essay, I examine cinematic representations of race and the manner in which those representations corresponded to a changing racial consciousness among American workers. I end with a discussion of the contours of Cold War unionism, the decline of union democracy as a result of the wartime ‘no-strike’ pledge and Taft-Hartley, and the manner in which the American union movement displaced exploitation onto a racialized ‘Third World’ work force.
Combining probabilistic and subjective assessments of error to provide realistic appraisals of demographic forecast uncertainty: Alho's approach

Abstract With increasing interest in forecast uncertainty, there is an evolving concern with assessing the degree of certainty we can attach to uncertainty itself. This concern is the subject of recent work by Juha Alho. This paper reviews his approach to tackling this problem. Alho focuses on conditional forecasts – conditional on the possible future policies feeding into the forecasts. This approach combines simple statistical methods with expert judgement to generate an overall predictive distribution for the future world population from 1994 to 2030. I examine the approach systematically and draw general conclusions about its efficacy. Suggestions for improvement are made.
The Impact of Neonatal Illness on Nutritional Requirements: One Size Does Not Fit All

Sick neonates are at high risk for growth failure and poorer neurodevelopment than their healthy counterparts. The etiology of postnatal growth failure in sick infants is likely multi-factorial and includes undernutrition due to the difficulty of feeding them during their illness and instability. Illness also itself induces fundamental changes in cellular metabolism that appear to significantly alter nutritional demand and nutrient handling. Inflammation and physiologic stress play a large role in inducing the catabolic state characteristic of the critically ill newborn infant. Inflammatory and stress responses are critical short-term adaptations to promote survival, but are not conducive to promoting long-term growth and development. Conditions such as sepsis, surgery, necrotizing enterocolitis, chronic lung disease and intrauterine growth restriction, and their treatments are characterized by altered energy, protein, and micronutrient metabolism that result in nutritional requirements that are different from those of the healthy, growing term, or preterm infant.
Identification of distal regulatory regions in the human αIIb gene locus necessary for consistent, high-level megakaryocyte expression

The αIIb/β3-integrin receptor is present at high levels only in megakaryocytes and platelets. Its presence on platelets is critical for hemostasis. The tissue-specific nature of this receptor's expression is secondary to the restricted expression of αIIb, and studies of the αIIb proximal promoter have served as a model of a megakaryocyte-specific promoter. We have examined the αIIb gene locus for distal regulatory elements. Sequence comparison between the human (h) and murine (m) αIIb loci revealed high levels of conservation at intergenic regions both 5′ and 3′ to the αIIb gene. Additionally, deoxyribonuclease (DNase) I sensitivity mapping defined tissue-specific hypersensitive (HS) sites that coincide, in part, with these conserved regions. Transgenic mice containing various lengths of the hαIIb gene locus, which included or excluded the various conserved/HS regions, demonstrated that the proximal promoter was sufficient for tissue specificity, but that a region 2.5 to 7.1 kb upstream of the hαIIb gene was necessary for consistent expression. Another region 2.2 to 7.4 kb downstream of the gene enhanced expression 1000-fold and led to levels of hαIIb mRNA that were about 30% of the native mαIIb mRNA level. These constructs also resulted in detectable hαIIb/mβ3 on the platelet surface. This work not only confirms the importance of the proximal promoter of the αIIb gene for tissue specificity, but also characterizes the distal organization of the αIIb gene locus and provides an initial localization of 2 important regulatory regions needed for the expression of the αIIb gene at high levels during megakaryopoiesis.
Modeling and Inhibitor Design of Ca(2+)-Independent Phospholipase A2

Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) is a water-soluble enzyme that is active in association with lipid membranes. The deregulation of iPLA2 causes uncontrolled inflammation that plays a role in a large number of diseases. The design of selective inhibitors of iPLA2 has been complicated by the absence of any X-ray or NMR information about the enzyme structure. Here we have carried out microsecond MD simulations on homology models of iPLA2 to reach a complete understanding of the dynamic and membrane-related processes associated with the enzyme function and inhibition. The simulations help answer questions that have challenged scientists in this field for decades about the nature of the protein-bilayers complex, the importance of dynamics in the regulation of the active-site pocket, and the detailed mechanism of lipid extraction.View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci for Resistance to Brown Planthopper in Dongxiang Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.)

The wild species in genus Oryza are important resources of genes resistant to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH). The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in Dongxiang wild rice (O. rufipogon Griff.). A BC1F5 population and a BC3F3 population were developed for QTL mapping from the cross between Dongxiang wild rice and an indica rice cultivar, Xieqingzao B (O. sativa L. subsp. indica) as the recurrent parent. The BC1F5 population was infested with BPH collected from paddy fields. Two QTLs were identified, of which qBph2 was located in the interval of RM29-RG157 on chromosome 2 and qBph7 in the interval of RM11-RM234 on chromosome 7. The alleles from Dongxiang wild rice on qBph2 and qBph7, which explained 21.8% and 67.1% of the phenotypic variations, respectively, and reduced seedling mortality by 22.2% and 43.7%. These QTLs were validated using the BC3F3 population infested by BPH biotypes I, II, and III. This result shows that qBph2 confers resistance to biotypes I and II, and qBph7 confers resistance to biotypes I and III. Both QTLs show a great potential for improving BPH resistance in rice cultivars.
The influence of point defects on the floatability of cassiterite, II. Electrostatic collector interactions

Abstract Cassiterite flotation, irrespective of trace element dopant, follows the electrostatic theory of flotation with sodium dodecyl sulfate and dodecyl ammonium acetate collectors. This appears to be the underlying mechanism for cassiterite flotation with a broad variety of collectors, though other attachment mechanisms are frequently superimposed on this basic mechanism. The flotation of cassiterite with these collectors is strongly influenced by the dopant present, with the ease of flotation following the pattern: Fe 3+ -doped > undoped > Sb 5+ -doped SnO 2 The Fe 3+ -doped material floats at about one-tenth the collector concentration required to float the Sb 5+ -doped material.
Molecular cloning of a cDNA for human alpha-L-fucosidase.

Abstract A lambda gt11 human hepatoma cDNA expression library was screened with antibodies to human alpha-L-fucosidase, a lysosomal enzyme whose activity is deficient in the human autosomal recessive disease fucosidosis. Three positive clones were identified after screening 9 X 10(6) plaques. One of these was sequenced and found to be spurious, probably representing an out-of-frame cDNA that gave rise to amino acid sequences of unknown length that crossreacted with alpha-L-fucosidase. A second clone, lambda AF3, was isolated which, after establishment in Escherichia coli BNN103, gave rise to a fusion protein of Mr 154,000 containing a human fragment of Mr 40,000 that represented 80% of the mature processed enzyme (Mr 50,000). Southern blot analysis of mouse and human chromosomal DNA confirmed the human origin of insert AF3. The nucleotide sequence of AF3 was determined and colinearity was established between 270 nucleotides and 90 amino acids in alpha-L-fucosidase. AF3 was found to contain 1058 base pairs and to code for 347 amino acids of alpha-L-fucosidase. Four potential glycosylation sites were identified. The frequency of lambda AF3 in the hepatoma library was 0.0018%.
2004 presidential address: the sheep, the ostrich, the ant, diabetes, and the tragedy of the common.

When I first began considering what I would like to speak about today, I reviewed the last five presidential lectures. After considering these, it didn’t seem like there was much left to cover! There was, however, the irresistible urge to have, at least, a catchy title, hence “The Sheep, the Ostrich, the Ant, Diabetes, and the Tragedy of the Common.” What links these things together? In 1968, Garrett Hardin published a thought-provoking article in the journal Science describing what he called, the “tragedy of the Commons” (1). Hardin was a population biologist concerned about the issue of population growth both in the U.S. and abroad. Briefly stated, the article suggested that the problem of population growth could be likened to the dilemma that arises when a community maintains a common resource. The example that Hardin gave was that of a common grazing area. It was a frequent practice in the early years of this country, and in many areas of the world still, for villages and towns to create and maintain a common grazing area. This was land that had been cleared by the community where sheep, cattle, or other animals could graze in a shared field or “Common” that was owned, not by any individual, but by the entire community. If we visit Boston today we can still see its Common—no longer a grazing field, but still a community resource. Hardin pointed out that, in the setting of a communally shared grazing field, there is a near-irresistible temptation for each member of the community to add additional sheep or cattle to graze the common ground. This temptation can be illustrated mathematically. If there are n sheep grazing on the common meadow, each member of the community can consider the benefit and deficit of adding one additional sheep. For the …
Relative morbidity of abdominal hysterectomy and myomectomy for management of uterine leiomyomas.

Objective : To compare the morbidity of total abdominal hysterectomy and abdominal myomectomy in the surgical management of uterine leiomyomas. Methods : Hospital records were reviewed for all women who underwent hysterectomy ( n = 89) or myomectomy ( n = 103) between May 1, 1988, and May 1, 1993, for the preoperative diagnosis of leiomyoma. Results : There were significant differences between the two groups for average age (hysterectomy 39.2 years, myomectomy 34.4 years; mean difference 4.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] of difference 3.7–5.9), uterine size (hysterectomy 15.2, myomectomy 11.5 weeks; mean difference 3.8, 95% CI of difference 2.0–5.4) and use of a GnRH agonist (hysterectomy 23.6%, myomectomy 55.3%; relative risk [RR] 0.4, 95% CI 0.3–0.6). Myomectomy was associated with decreased estimated blood loss (hysterectomy 796 mL, myomectomy 464 mL; mean difference 331, 95% CI 121–542) and febrile morbidity (risk of temperature 38C or 48 or more hours postoperatively: for hysterectomy 49.4%, for myomectomy 32%; RR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.2). Using multivariate linear regression, estimated blood loss was similar between the groups after controlling for uterine size. There was no difference in blood transfusion rates. There were two ureteral, one bladder, one bowel, and one femoral nerve injury in the hysterectomy group, and there were no intraoperative visceral injuries in the myomectomy group. Conclusion : Myomectomy compares favorably to hysterectomy in the surgical management of leiomyomas, with a possible decreased risk for visceral injury and infection.
Static stress transfer during the 2002 Nenana Mountain-Denali Fault, Alaska, earthquake sequence

[1] On 23 October 2002, the Mw 6.7 Nenana Mountain earthquake occurred in central Alaska. It was followed on 3 November 2002 by the Mw 7.9 Denali Fault mainshock, the largest strike-slip earthquake to occur in North America during the past 150 years. We have modeled static Coulomb stress transfer effects during this sequence. We find that the Nenana Mountain foreshock transferred 30–50 kPa of Coulomb stress to the hypocentral region of the Denali Fault mainshock, encouraging its occurrence. We also find that the two main earthquakes together transferred more than 400 kPa of Coulomb stress to the Cross Creek segment of the Totschunda fault system and to the Denali fault southeast of the mainshock rupture, and up to 80 kPa to the Denali fault west of the Nenana Mountain rupture. Other major faults in the region experienced much smaller static Coulomb stress changes.
Multiparameter Analysis and Sorting of Mammalian Cells

The development of high-speed flow-systems, cell separation methods for automated analysis and sorting of single cells has provided a new dimension to biological investigations by making possible the isolation of cells with particular physical and biochemical properties from heterogeneous mixtures. Rapid advances in this technology, coupled with new preparation and staining techniques, now provide unique quantitative methods for analyzing specific cellular properties, thus contributing to new insights into cellular mechanisms. Individual cells in liquid suspension are typically analyzed at rates of up to 105/min by electrical and optical sensors that measure various cellular properties. Sensor signals are processed several ways, and the resulting data are displayed as frequency distribution histograms. The uniqueness of the method lies in the fact that measurements are made on each cell in the population at high speed. Since many cells are examined, statistical precision is high and small subpopulations can be detected with confidence. New cell staining techniques have provided high- resolution measurements of such modalities as DNA content. Also, other measurements not previously possible within a cell population now can be performed routinely. Improved instrumentation has been developed recently that incorporates several analytical techniques, permitting multiple measurements to be performed on the same cell.
Organizing Women The New Women's Movement in Algeria

This article examines the women's movement in Algeria in the context of domestic developments, such as the post-Boumedienne restructuring of the state, regional liberalization, and global developme...
Helper activity in vitro to a defined determinant.

To selectively induce a thymus-derived (T) cell response to the hapten azophenylarsonate (Ars) we have injected BALB/c mice with the hapten covalently attached to mycobacteria. Spleen suspensions were then tested for evidence of Ars-specific helper function by their ability to restore the in vitro anti-lactoside (Lac) secondary response of T-depleted Lac precursor cells. Helper activity was demonstrated when a double conjugate containing both Lac and Ars was added. Using column procedures which exclude adherent and Ig-bearing cells, and treatment with anti-T antiserum we excluded antibody as the responsible agent and implicated T cells. A comparison of the activity of hapten and protein-specific helper cells revealed differences which may explain the infrequent demonstration of haptenspecific T function following immunization with hapten-protein conjugates. The demonstration of Ars-specific helper activity is interpreted as support for the contention that receptors on T cells are basically similar to those on antibody precursor cells.
The influence of tryptophan and its metabolites upon rabbit lens electrolyte balance

The effect of tryptophan and three major metabolites of tryptophan on the rabbit lens electrolyte balance was examined. Even at 3 × 10−3 M tryptophan, tryptamine and xanthurenic acid had no effect on lens sodium, potassium and calcium content after a 20 hr incubation. Small but significant changes in lens sodium and potassium content were induced by 20 hr incubation in 2 × 10−3 M 3-hydroxy-DL-kynurenine and 10−3 M hydroxyanthranilic acid. Lens Na,K-ATPase activity was unaffected by 3 × 10−3 M tryptophan. Tryptamine reduced, to a small extent, Na,K-ATPase activity at 3 × 10−3 M, but was without effect at 10−3 M. 3-hydroxy-DL-kynurenine (2 × 10−3 M) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (10−3 M) inhibited Na,K-ATPase activity by 27% and 30% respectively. Only 3-hydroxy-DL-kynurenine had a demonstrable effect on 86Rb uptake.It is concluded that, in contrast to findings in the amphibian lens, metabolites of tryptophan have minimal or no detrimental effects upon rabbit lens electrolyte balance under the in vitro condi...
Rapid heat-treatment attenuation of infectious bronchitis virus

In the present study we describe the rapid development of an attenuated live vaccine for GA08, a new serotype of infectious bronchitis virus, using a heat-treatment method. Incubation of the GA08 strain of IBV at 56 degrees C and passage in embryonated eggs was used as a method to fast track the attenuation process. The virus was incubated in a 56 degrees C water bath and aliquots were removed every 5 min for up to 1 h, and then each aliquot was inoculated into 10-day-old embryonated eggs. Virus with the longest incubation time that produced lesions in the embryos was harvested, again incubated at 56 degrees C as described and passaged in embryonated eggs. Attenuation of the virus, designated GA08/GA08HSp16/08, was verified in 1-day-old specific pathogen free chicks. A 10x dose of the vaccine was found to be safe for 2-week-old broiler chicks of commercial origin. The efficacy of the heat-treated attenuated virus was determined by vaccinating broiler chicks of commercial origin at 1 and 14 days of age intraocularly/intranasally. Vaccinated birds that were challenged with 10(4.5) median embryo infectious doses of pathogenic GA08 virus/bird at 28 days of age were protected from the disease, and challenge virus was only detected in the trachea of one of 21 birds by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction at 5 days post challenge. The attenuation process took 10 weeks to complete, which is a substantially shorter time than required to attenuate infectious bronchitis virus by serial passage in embryonated eggs without heat treatment (38 weeks or more).
Color Characteristics and Functional Properties of Flaked Turkey Dark Meat as Influenced by Washing Treatments

Effects of potassium phosphate and sodium acetate washing procedures on the composition, color characteristics, and functional properties of turkey dark meat were determined. All evaluations were compared to control thigh and breast tissues. Higher moisture and lower protein, fat and ash (P 0.05) due to washing. Phosphate-washed tissue stabilized a test emulsion better than the control and acetate/phosphate-washed thigh tissues.
Laboratory models for neuropharmacologic studies

Biological research historically has been separated into either basic research or clinical research. A third category which combines elements of both basic and clinical research can be called applied basic research in which basic research techniques are utilized in the study of specific clinically encountered problems with the goal to either develop novel therapies or improve existing ones. In Urology there has been a significant increase in interest in applied basic research. This increased interest of clinical urologists in basic science is reflected also by the increase in the number of basic scientists working on urologically related topics in conjunction with academic urologists. It is the purpose of this article to present information on basic research techniques and animal models which are presently utilized for neuromuscular research of the lower urinary tract. It is hoped that this information will be useful to the academic urologist who has an interest in developing an animal research program in this area.
Repeated significance tests on accumulating data of repairable systems

Data used to track the reliability growth trend of repairable systems occur naturally in a sequential fashion. It is thus desirable to study some basic properties of repeated significance tests on accumulating data of repairable systems. In this paper, we provide side-to-side information for the following two widely used test statistics in this area: (1) the well-known Laplace test (called L test), and (2) the most powerful test for the shape parameter in a Poisson process with Weibull intensity (called Z test). Discussions of major results include: (1) the estimated probability of type I error at or before the nth test in sampling from a simple Poisson distribution at a constant nominal level, (2) performance assessment for abrupt changes (increasing or decreasing in the intensity of the process), (3) the existing support from the well-developed sequential clinical trial designs available in the literature, and (4) an example presents a visual interpretation of the trend in the intensity.
Synthesis of uranium monophosphide by the phosphine reaction

Abstract A method is described for synthesizing uranium monophosphide by reacting finely divided uranium with phosphine gas (PH3). Reaction temperatures and phosphorus to uranium ratios were varied over a relatively wide range. Best overall results were obtained when the reaction was carried out at 385°C using a phosphorus to uranium ratio slightly greater than one. Calcination of the reacted material in vacuum at 1400°C resulted in its homogenization and the elimination of excess phosphorus to form uranium monophosphide. Chemical, X-ray diffraction, particle size and other property data are presented for the various UP powders.
Silent and vocal students in a large active learning chemistry classroom: Comparison of performance and motivational factors

Active learning is becoming more prevalent in large science classrooms, and this study shows the impact on performance of being vocal during Socratic questioning in a General Chemistry course. 800 college students over a two year period were given a pre and post-test using the Chemistry Concept Reasoning Test. The pre-test results showed that there was no initial difference in conceptual understanding of chemistry among students who actively participated on a regular basis and those who did not. However, on the post-test those vocal students who consistently attempted to respond to questions in class showed significantly greater learning gains than those silent students who rarely or never tried to answer questions. The motivation for participating for many students was initially the minimal extra credit for answering questions. Once students started answering questions, they saw the educational value in getting feedback, enjoyed the engagement of the Socratic dialogue, and realized the benefit of putting chemistry concepts into words. Also tied to participation during class was the need to complete the reading assignments before class. Students who read prior to class were more able to participate and were then continually incentivized to stay current with the class readings. The active learning environment did benefit all students by providing cognitive and social dimensions during class, and those students who participated frequently learned more chemistry.
Failure Mode Transition in Unidirectional E-Glass/Vinylester Composites under Multiaxial Compression

Results from an experimental investigation on the mechanical behavior of a unidirectional fiber reinforced composite with 50% volume fraction E-glass/vinylester and the vinylester matrix under uniaxial and proportional multiaxial compression are presented. The stress-strain curve and the acoustic emission records together with the post-mortem observations on the specimen show the failure mode transition from axial splitting to kink band formation as the loading condition changes from uniaxial to proportional multiaxial compression. Axial splitting and "splitting induced" kink band formation were observed in the uniaxially loaded specimen and the multiaxially loaded specimen showed conjugate kink bands and no axial splitting.
Effects of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on retinal degeneration induced transplacentally by a single low dosage of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU).

A 1 mg/kg dose of the DNA alkylating agent, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), when administered on day 16 of gestation provokes a progressive retinal degeneration in CD-1 albino mice reared under standard fluorescent lighting conditions (12 hr light : 12 hr dark); this degeneration begins at about 4 weeks post-natally and worsens with age. It is accelerated by constant fluorescent light exposure but is retarded greatly by constant darkness, suggesting the importance of secondary insults in the post-natal period for development of the degenerative disease. To determine whether the secondary photochemical damage might be specifically blocked, MNU-exposed and control animals in the present study were fed an antioxidant-enriched diet of Purina mouse chow supplemented with 0.75% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). A second group of MNU-exposed and control animals were fed a non-BHT supplemented standard Purina mouse chow diet. Systematic measurements of the number of rows of photoreceptor cell nuclei, the thickness of the inner/outer segment layer, and the thickness of the whole retina were made, to quantify any degenerative changes in animals 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age. By 8 weeks, retinas of BHT-fed, MNU-exposed animals were significantly thicker and had more rows of photoreceptor cell nuclei than regular-diet, MNU-exposed animals. Moreover, the retinas of BHT-fed animals, both for MNU-exposed and controls, demonstrated sporadic morphologic changes in the form of circular configurations composed of ganglion cells, arcades of nuclear and plexiform layers, and, in one control animal, a hyperplastic nodule. These experiments suggested that MNU-induced retinal degeneration may be retarded by a BHT-enriched diet; however, continuous high doses of this compound pre- and post-natally may induce other retinal abnormalities.
Reliability study of bilayer graphene - material for future transistor and interconnect

Graphene is considered to be promising candidate for future transistor and interconnects material in integrated circuits because of its high intrinsic mobility and current-carrying capacity outperforming Cu. Particularly, bilayer graphene (BLG) systems offer controllable and wide band gap tunability without the need for nontrivial atomically precise nanoribbon patterning, which is indispensable to band gap engineering of monolayer graphene. Hence, novel devices consisting of BLG as both transistors and interconnects in combination with well-established Cu interconnects is conceivable. In this frame, this study has aimed to address reliability limiting factors of BLG/Cu contacts and current-carrying capacity.
Operant conditioning of human anal sphincter pressure

Anal sphincter pressure in a 13-yr-old encopretic boy was modified by reinforcing increases in pressure exerted on a fluid-filled balloon inserted into the rectum. It was found that pressure changes were a function of the reinforcement schedule and that baseline levels (resting pressure) during extinction conditions tended to increase throughout the experiment.
The Fagan test of infant intelligence: A technical summary☆

Abstract The present article summarizes the most recent data on the psychometric properties of the Fagan test of Infant Intelligence. Following a brief discussion of the empirical basis of the Fagan test, a note on the theoretical rationale underlying the test, and a summary of the development of the test, the current status of the Fagan test is presented. The section on current status includes a description of the Fagan test, data and discussions on reliability, validity, and clinical utility, and notes on issues such as cross-cultural utility and affordability. The article concludes with a section on practical implications raised by the transfer of the Fagan test to professionals who are interested in high-risk infants.
Excited state dynamics in pure molecular crystals: perylene and the excimer problem

Abstract Perylene excited state dynamics are examined using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy as well as picosecond probe pulse and picosecond transient grating experiments. Relaxation of the initially prepared state into the excimer state is observed. The gerade Davydov components are approximately located. Measurements of excited state mobility at 298 K and 1.7 K are reported.
Bisphenol A is not detectable in media or selected contact materials used in IVF

There is a lack of data regarding potential exposure of gametes to bisphenol A during IVF. Detectable concentrations of bisphenol A were not found in commonly used IVF plastic culture dishes, suction tubing or growth media under normal-use conditions.
Victimization and Fear of Crime

This article employs multi-item measures of fear of crime and a seriousness-weighted index of victimization experience to explore the differential effects of property and personal victimizations on fear of crime. Analysis from a probability sample of adults in North Carolina (N = 3,109) reveals that, controlling for other variables in the model, fear of crime, at the individual level, is tied to property victimization. Victims of violent crime appear to express higher levels of fear only when they have also experienced property victimization. These findings are discussed in terms of a general social vulnerability effect noted also for gender, age, and education.
A rapid and reliable technique for pinealectomizing rats.

Abstract Rats may be quickly and easily pinealectomized by first removing a small area of skull between the saggital and lambdoid sutures, and then extracting the unexposed pineal gland with iridectomy forceps. Little cortical or epithalamic damage results from this procedure and loss of blood is extremely slight. Operate mortality is quite low and comparable to that of animals given sham operations.