cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
More than the Victims: A Population-Based, Public Health Approach to Bullying of LGBT Youth

Although young people have always been bullied, recent high-profile cases involving LGBT kids have drawn the problem into sharp relief and raised anew the issue of how best to address and prevent these sometimes tragic results.This brief article explores two of the primary tools that have been used to combat bullying: litigation and statutory changes. Litigation has been useful in some cases, and can also act as a deterrent to other school districts where bullying is not being addressed in a responsible way by officials. But it is not the best vehicle for systematically addressing the deeper causes of bullying.Recent statutes have begun to develop a more promising model: one that considers all affected populations within schools. For example, Massachusetts and New Jersey have lately enacted laws that require establishing plans to combat bullying with a combination of initiatives: helping the victims; seeing the perpetrators as both deserving of punishment and in need of counseling; training all members of the staff; integrating anti-bullying messages into the curriculum; and involving family members of both victims and perpetrators. These laws also require creating and evaluating the plans based on the best evidence available. This fresh approach is consistent with sound public health policy, as it takes into account the complexity of the problem and looks at all affected populations in designing interventions.
Fazendo cócegas nas tradições: o samba disjuntivo de Tom Zé

RESUMO Este artigo investiga o trabalho de Tom Ze em relacao a tradicao do samba, enfocando principalmente tres discos concebidos como “estudos”: Estudando o samba (1976), Estudando o pagode (2005) e Estudando a bossa (2008). Com base na leitura atenta das letras de algumas cancoes selecionadas e na analise de aspectos formais de sua musica, este estudo busca compreender as estrategias experimentais que ele empregou para abordar criticamente a tradicao da musica brasileira. Propomos o termo “samba disjuntivo” para caracterizar seus experimentos com ritmo, harmonia, poetica e performance que combinam inovacao musical com critica social.
Changes in microRNA–mRNA Signatures Agree with Morphological, Physiological, and Behavioral Changes in Larval Mahi-Mahi Treated with Deepwater Horizon Oil

In this study, we performed a systematic evaluation of global microRNA–mRNA interactions associated with the developmental toxicity of Deepwater Horizon oil using a combination of integrated mRNA and microRNA deep sequencing, expression profiling, gene ontology enrichment, and functional predictions by a series of advanced bioinformatic tools. After exposure to water accommodated fraction (WAF) of both weathered slick oil (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) and source oil (0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5%) from the Deep Water Horizon oil spill, four dose-dependent miRNAs were identified, including three up-regulated (miR-23b, miR-34b, and miR-181b) and one down-regulated miRNAs (miR-203a) in mahi-mahi hatchings exposed from 6 h postfertilization (hpf) to 48 hpf. Consistent with morphological, physiological, and behavioral changes, the target genes of these miRNAs were largely involved in the development of the cardiovascular, visual, nervous system and associated toxicity pathways, suggesting that miRNAs play an essential role in ...
Analysis and Design of N-Path RF Bandstop Filters Using Walsh-Function-Based Sequence Mixing

Impedance translation using passive N-path mixers has been used to achieve local oscillator (LO)-defined series bandstop and shunt bandpass filtering. In this paper, we generalize N-path filtering using a correlator-based approach and propose N-path passive mixers driven by orthogonal sequences. Such sequence-driven N-path filters can potentially reject or select signals based on their properties in the spectral, spatial, and code domains. Specifically, a Walsh-function (WF) sequence (WF-seq)-based N-path shunt filter is implemented, demonstrating the feasibility of shunt bandstop filtering using LO sequences other than nonoverlapping pulses. The WF-seq approach enables reconfigurable concurrent filtering at two different frequencies with shunt operation avoiding penalties due to the switch drive overlap. A 65-nm CMOS implementation achieves 20-dB rejection at one frequency and 14-dB rejection concurrently at two frequencies between 0.3 and 1.4 GHz. The reconfigurable bandstop filter is implemented using analog gyrators and consumes 35–62.5 mW and achieves 2.9-dB noise figure and −2.5–5-dBm IIP3.
What is the Good Life? A Master Narrative Approach to the Study of Morals and Values in American Emerging Adults

This study examines the ways in which emerging adults in the United States narratively constructed identities in relation to their conceptions of the good life. What does it mean to be a good person? Am I living a good life? How can I lead a better life? All of these variations of the Who-am-I question––in relation to Who-I-should-be and Who-I-want-to-be––were investigated in this qualitative study. In-depth, life-story interviews (N = 24) were conducted with individuals between the ages of 18 and 29 across the U.S. The findings of a discursive thematic analysis indicate that emerging adults highly value subjectivity, independence, and interdependence when considering what makes a person and a life good. More than any one particular belief system, emerging adults expressed the values of individualism, idiosyncrasy, pluralism, and relativism when considering the features of a good life. They placed particular importance on deciding these beliefs on their own, and that there is not one answer to the question of what makes a life good. Results indicate that these values are fundamental to the master narrative of emerging adulthood in the U.S.
Attributions to Andrei Kurbskii and Inferential (Bayesian) Probability

Attributions of original works, letters, and translations to Prince Andrei Mikhailovich Kurbskii (d. 1583) have been contested for almost 45 years. This article proposes that Bayesian or inferential probability be applied to a number of the main points of contention. Of central importance to the attribution question are the so-called Kurbskii miscellanies ( sborniki Kurbskogo ), which date no earlier than the mid-1670s. Among the works in the Kurbskii miscellanies are the History of the Grand Prince of Moscow , letters addressed to Tsar Ivan IV , the “Lithuanian” letters, and the History of the Eighth Council . Proponents of attributing these works to Kurbskii tend to weight the evidence differently from the way the skeptics of those attributions do, and both camps find explanations favorable to their respective positions for unexpected oddities in the evidence. No one issue has been defined conclusively in the favor of one side or the other, but placing the differences in the context of inferential probability may allow us to continue to discuss the contentious issues of the attributions in a productive manner.
Submillimeter wave communication versus millimeter wave communication

Abstract This paper studies the performance of a submillimeter wave antenna operating between frequencies 0.1 THz and 10 THz with a 4-cyano-4-pentylbiphenyl [5CB] substrate. Since the size and shape of the antenna impact its gain/directivity, resonant frequency, bandwidth, and efficiency, the two antenna types considered in this paper are: (a) Rectangular Patch Antenna (RPA), and (b) Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (CDRA). Here a submillimeter wave antenna is compared with a millimeter wave (a few GHz to 100 GHz) antenna. These popular mm-wave antennas are chosen for the submillimeter wave antenna in order to understand changes in their performance as the result of changes in their geometrical shape. FEldberechnung bei Korpern mit beliebiger Oberflache (FEKO) software is used for the design and calculation of the Three-Dimensional (3D) ElectroMagnetic (EM) patterns. This paper also concentrates on the design and analysis of a massive submillimeter wave Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) (8 by 8) RPA and CDRA.
Labeling English Learners: Teachers’ Perceptions and Implications

In the U. S., given the growing number of students who are speakers of languages other than English, this article brings attention to a need for a nuanced perspective on the definition of English learners. The study was designed to investigate teachers’ perceptions of English learners and the implications for classroom instruction. Teachers classified English learners as Latinos and conflated race and ethnicity with language proficiency. Although Amish students were included on classroom demographic forms, race/ethnicity and language were confused in teachers’ explanations of their accommodations for linguistically diverse students. In conflating language with race/ethnicity there are several implications for the Latina/o community and likewise for White bilingual communities with mostly deficit frames that are enacted in pedagogy for Latinos.
From Cooperation to Collaboration: Toward a Framework for Deepening Library Partnerships

Librarians are encouraged to collaborate in their work, but examples in LIS literature suggests the term “collaboration” is applied to a range of activities that vary widely in terms of interaction...
Kinetics and mechanism of HO2 and DO2 disproportionations

A flash photolysis/UV abosrption technique was used to study the HO2 + HO2 and DO2 + DO2 reactions in the gas phase. Rate constants were measured at pressures between 100 and 700 torr of Ar and N2, and at temperatures between 230 and 420 K with up to 10 torr of added water vapor. The overall disproportionation rate constants for the reaction is given as the sum of pressure-independent and pressure-dependent terms. A kinetic analysis shows that both reactions have a zero-pressure bimolecular component and a termolecular component which is linearly dependent on pressure up to 700 torr. A priori estimates of the vibrational frequencies of the product of the HO2 + HO2 reaction suggest binding energies of 12-20 kcal per mol (for the initial association).
Behind the Backlash: Muslim Americans after 9/11, Lori Peek. Temple University Press, Philadelphia, PA (2011), 230 pages

The tragic events that occurred on September 11th 2001 are commonly referred to as the day the world changed. During the period following those catastrophic incidents, many Americans reframed their...
Evaluating the Impact of Patient Social Deprivation on the Level of Symptom Severity at Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Presentation

Background: There is a paucity of research examining the impact of social deprivation on the level of symptom severity at presentation, including in common hand conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome. We aimed to determine whether patient deprivation is associated with worse Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Upper Extremity (UE), Physical Function (PF), Pain Interference (PI), and Depression scores. Methods: Patients presenting to an academic hand clinic from December 2016 to December 2018 for a new patient visit for carpal tunnel syndrome completed PROMIS UE, PF, PI, and Depression Computer Adaptive Tests. Bivariate analyses were done to compare patient variables between the least and most deprived thirds, as measured by Area Deprivation Index (ADI), at the state (New York) and national levels. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine whether there was an association between social deprivation and PROMIS UE, PF, PI, and Depression scores. Results: All PROMIS domain scores were significantly worse in the most deprived cohort at the national level (P .05). In multivariable regression at the national level, ADI values were associated with PROMIS UE (β = -0.06, P < .01) and PROMIS PI (β = .05, P < .01) but not PROMIS PF or PROMIS Depression. In multivariable regression at the state level, ADI values were associated with PROMIS UE (β = -0.79, P = .03) and PROMIS PI (β = 0.58, P < .05) but not PROMIS PF or PROMIS Depression. Conclusions: Higher levels of social deprivation are associated with worse PROMIS UE and PROMIS PI scores on both the state and national levels when initially seeking care for carpal tunnel syndrome.
Three-dimensional adaptive mesh refinement in stress-constrained topology optimization

Structural optimization software that can produce high-resolution designs optimized for arbitrary cost and constraint functions is essential to solve real-world engineering problems. Such requirements are not easily met due to the large-scale simulations and software engineering they entail. In this paper, we present a large-scale topology optimization framework with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) applied to stress-constrained problems. AMR allows us to save computational resources by refining regions of the domain to increase the design resolution and simulation accuracy, leaving void regions coarse. We discuss the challenges necessary to resolve such large-scale problems with AMR, namely, the need for a regularization method that works across different mesh resolutions in a parallel environment and efficient iterative solvers. Furthermore, the optimization algorithm needs to be implemented with the same discretization that is used to represent the design field. To show the efficacy and versatility of our framework, we minimize the mass of a three-dimensional L-bracket subject to a maximum stress constraint and maximize the efficiency of a three-dimensional compliant mechanism subject to a maximum stress constraint.
Partisan Politics and Public Education: Finding the Formula for (Electoral) Success

Do state politicians reward school districts that vote in favor of the party in power more than school districts that vote in favor of the opposing party? With large shares of money at the state level to transfer to local governments and the ability to target core voters, it would seem likely that politicians would take advantage of the ability to distribute education funds. However, in understanding how states distribute education funds, little emphasis is given to partisan influences, particularly the congruence between local school districts and the state level. To test this, I collected data at the precinct level within each state and, using mapping software, spatially joined precinct boundaries to school district boundaries. Once this relationship was established, I aggregated precinct-level information to school districts to understand the partisan voting patterns within each school district for elections from 2000 to 2010. This article finds evidence that funding formulas are susceptible to political influence and that parties are able to influence the geographic distribution of education funds to core voters.
Racial disparities in survival outcomes among breast cancer patients by molecular subtypes.

Differences in tumor biology, genomic architecture, and health care delivery patterns contribute to the breast cancer mortality gap between White and Black patients in the US. Although this gap has been well documented in previous literature, it remains uncertain how large the actual effect size of race is for different survival outcomes and the four breast cancer subtypes. We established a breast cancer patient cohort at the University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center. We chose five major survival outcomes to study: overall survival, recurrence-free survival, breast-cancer-specific survival, time-to-recurrence and post-recurrence survival. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios between Black and White patients, adjusting for selected patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics, and also stratified by the four breast cancer subtypes. The study included 2795 stage I–III breast cancer patients (54% White and 38% Black). After adjusting for selected patient, tumor and treatment characteristics, Black patients still did worse than White patients in all five survival outcomes. The racial difference was highest within the HR−/HER2+ subgroup, in both overall survival (hazard ratio = 4.00, 95% CI 1.47–10.86) and recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio = 3.00, 95% CI 1.36–6.60), adjusting for age at diagnosis, cancer stage, and comorbidities. There was also a significant racial disparity within the HR+/HER2− group in both overall survival and recurrence-free survival. Our study confirmed that racial disparity existed between White and Black breast cancer patients in terms of both survival and recurrence, and found that this disparity was largest among HR−/HER2+ and HR+/HER2− patients.
Jesus wept, robots can’t: religion into the future

Exploring the implications of the shortest of biblical verses ‘Jesus wept’ in contrast with the incapability of robots to weep or feel empathy and emotion as exemplified in the classic post-apocalyptic film Terminator 2, this essay argues that movement, gesture, body, experience and improvization are essential elements to any emerging valued world. Certainly religion, despite our strong association of it with the spiritual and the immaterial, does not and cannot exist, or even be imagined, apart from these distinctively human biological features. The study of religion must be, among other concerns, grounded in biology.
Diagonalization of the Hamiltonian for finite-sized dispersive media: Canonical quantization with numerical mode decomposition

We present a math-physics modeling approach called canonical quantization with numerical mode decomposition for capturing the physics of how incoming photons interact with finite-sized dispersive media, which is not describable by the previous Fano-diagonalization methods. The main procedure is to (1) study a system where electromagnetic fields are coupled to nonuniformly distributed Lorentz oscillators in Hamiltonian mechanics, (2) derive a generalized Hermitian eigenvalue problem for conjugate pairs in coordinate space, (3) apply computational electromagnetics methods to find a countably finite set of time-harmonic eigenmodes that diagonalizes the Hamiltonian, and (4) perform the subsequent canonical quantization with mode decomposition. Moreover, we provide several numerical simulations that capture the physics of full quantum effects, impossible by classical Maxwell's equations, such as nonlocal dispersion cancellation of an entangled photon pair and the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect in a dispersive beam splitter.
Performance comparison between Chaos and quantum-chaos based image encryption techniques

Today’s digital era has undertaken most of the responsibilities of public and private sectors, not only the industries or big organizations dependent on the internet but individual’s household needs also lying on it. To make the data transmission/reception confidential and secure for both internet users and internet service providers, a large number of researches have been done in this field. It has proved that cryptography is the best solution for solving this purpose. Mostly, digital images are continuously transferring on the network rather than texts. Enciphering a digital image is a much bulkier and a complex task. It has been evident from many types of research that chaotic logistic map-based equations provide a great level of randomness. Hence Chaotic logistic maps-based image encryption techniques (also called chaos techniques) were implemented to obtain highly random cipher images. On the other hand, time consumption must be as low as it can be possible to sustain real-time communication. Presently, the advanced encryption schemes based on quantum technology have enhanced efficiency and security because of having a large key-space and less time complexity along with randomness. The quantum-chaos based encryption is done by utilizing uncertainty principles of quantum mechanics on logistic maps. This paper is an effort to compare chaos and quantum chaos-based image encryption schemes. MATLAB 2016a software is used for the execution and the comparison is made based on various security attack analyses. Based on the study and experimental results, the quantum chaos techniques used for bit plane scrambling provides better results in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and trustworthy that can be adopted for highly secured image encryption.
The Circumstantiality of Bivariate Relationships in The Theory of Moral Sentiments

In Theory of Moral Sentiments, Adam Smith reasons about how a change in one thing, A, is attended by a change in another thing, B. In expounding on such bivariate relationships, Smith sometimes seems to go out of his way to posit a state of the world in which the relationship would break down. That feature suggests an irony about knowing how a change in B attends a change in A. We might think we understand the bivariate relationship, but it holds only for certain states of the world. The relationship is circumstanced. The more one studies the Moral Sentiments, the more one realizes that circumstantiality suffuses its teachings. In this paper I suggest that Smith’s subtle handling of circumstantiality may help us appreciate some of his deepest themes, including the pretense of knowledge, the worthiness of liberal principles, and the difficulty of fostering virtue in our modern complex world. By puzzles, curious illustrations, Stoical foils, and other means, perhaps Smith found a way to hide circumstantiality from tyros, who might be discouraged by it, and to teach it to others. Also, the paper arrives at the question of the circumstances for competent moral self-estimation, and suggests that Smith’s words on friendship, virtue, frankness, and openness are worth taking to heart.
Single-molecule imaging of IQGAP1 regulating actin filament dynamics.

IQGAP is a conserved family of actin-binding proteins with essential roles in cell motility, cytokinesis, and cell adhesion, yet there remains a limited understanding of how IQGAP proteins directly...
Individual protective covers (IPCs) to prevent Asian citrus psyllid and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus from establishing in newly planted citrus trees

Abstract Following the discovery of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) in 1998 and Huanglongbing (HLB) in 2005, this destructive disease associated with the phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) now affects most mature citrus trees in Florida. Despite the endemic presence of ACP and HLB, Florida citrus growers continue to plant new trees. The young trees are more vulnerable to both ACP infestation and CLas infection; therefore, protection from the vector psyllid by exclusion or other control methods is of paramount importance. Individual protective covers (IPCs), bags made from fine mesh netting, are a vector exclusion tool, which could prevent psyllids from transmitting CLas to young trees during the early years of growth. The use of IPCs is an environmentally friendly pest management strategy, contrary to the frequent use of insecticides to control ACPs. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of IPCs to protect trees from ACP and CLas infection in a citrus grove in southwest Florida during the first two years after planting. IPCs were compared against insecticide applications to control ACPs and tree health and growth were assessed. We found that IPCs effectively excluded psyllids, prevented CLas infection, altered microclimatic conditions in the tree canopy, and positively influenced most of the horticultural traits measured. However, IPCs promoted the incidence of other “diseases” such as greasy spot and sooty mold and of scale insects but reduced occurrence of citrus canker and citrus leaf miner. This suggests that use of IPCs may be an effective approach to protect young trees from ACP and HLB, but integrated pest management approaches will be needed for other pests during IPC use and after removal to maintain overall health of citrus trees.
Liszt's Final Decade

Toward the end of his life Franz Liszt maintained extensive correspondence with two women who were at the time his closest confidantes, Carolyne von Sayn-Wittgenstein and Olga von Meyendorff. Liszt wrote regularly to these women, expressing his intimate feelings about personal and career events and his conflicted self-image as a celebrated performer but underappreciated composer. Absent a diary, the letters offer the most direct avenue into Liszt's psychein his final years. Liszt's Final Decade explores through these letters the mind and music of one of the nineteenth century's most popular musicians, providing insight into Liszt's melancholia in his last years and hisstruggle to gain recognition for his music yet avoid negative criticism. The exchange indicates that Liszt ultimately resolved his self-image through a personally constructed Christian moral philosophy that embraced positive resignation to suffering, compassionate love, and trust in a just reward to come. The book also examines how Liszt's late sacred compositions unfold a paradigm of suffering that yields to joy and hope. Significantly, Liszt viewed these works, commonly overlooked today, as a major part of his compositional legacy. This volume thus challenges the idea of a single "late" Lisztian style and the notion that despair overwhelmed the composer in his final years. Dolores Pesce, Avis Blewett Professor of Music at Washington University in St. Louis, has published books and articles on medieval and Renaissance music theory, the medieval motet, Franz Liszt, and Edward MacDowell.
Chapter 22 Role of the prefrontal — thalamic axis in classical conditioning

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the role of the prefrontal–thalamic axis in classical conditioning. It also discusses the afferent and efferent connections of the agranular prefrontal cortex (PFCag) that participate in this process. The PFCag mediates a mechanism involved in the initial stages of learning and conditioning, including (1) lesion studies, (2) brain stimulation studies, and (3) electrophysiological recording studies. The chapter also explores the way the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD), which is the thalamic projection nucleus for the PFCag, might also participate in Pavlovian conditioning. The role of the PFCag in learning and memory is the establishment of visceral cues associated with an exposure to classical conditioning contingencies. PFCm (medial area of the agranular prefrontal cortex) plays a central role in the information processing that accompanies the early stages of classical conditioning. The thalamic projection nucleus for PFCm may play a role in the later stages of classical conditioning, in which a somatomotor response is selected for execution.
Differential Diagnosis of Reading Disabilities

The traditional method of diagnosing developmental dyslexia is based on the exclusionary definition which includes the proviso that developmental dyslexia is not caused by intellectual deficiency. Thus, an important criterion used in the identification of developmental dyslexia is the discrepancy between the reader’s potential to read and his actual reading achievement.
Academic Excellence¿The Role of Research

This article is based on the award address for the 2002 George C. Pimental Award in Chemical Education, which was presented at the American Chemical Society Meeting in Orlando, FL on April 9, 2002.
Review: Scholarship for Sustaining Service Learning and Civic Engagement

Sustaining community-based partnerships is essential to promoting the scholarship of engagement along the K-20 continuum. That’s the basic premise for the eighth edition in the Advances in Service-Learning Research series edited by Melody Bowden, Shelley Billig, and Barbara Holland. This latest volume includes peer-reviewed articles competitively selected from presentations given at 7th International Research Conference on Service-Learning and Community Engagement held in Tampa, Florida during October 2007.
Environmental Impacts of Acid Leachate Derived from Coal-Storage Piles upon Groundwater

Leachate emanating from a coal-storage area at an electricutility plant in Northwest Indiana (U.S.A.) is impacting groundwater quality. This assessment is based on results of along-term groundwater monitoring program conducted at Purdue University's Wade Utility Plant where a monthly average of 32,000metric tons of both high- and low-sulfur coal are stored. Groundwater from both a perched and major aquifer (the WabashValley Aquifer) as well as surface water from a large retentionpond were sampled monthly for 34 consecutive months. Such a long-term, continuous sampling scheme proved beneficial in identifying seasonal trends and anomalies within the chemistryof ground- and surface waters. Data show elevated concentrationsof sulfate and hardness in the perched zones and the WabashValley Aquifer (WVA). Lead in the WVA has also been reported ata concentration greater than the state maximum contaminant level, while several metals (Be, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Se, and Zn) containedwithin retention-pond sediments have the highest concentrationsin aquatic sediments ever reported within the State of Indiana.Due to the buffering capacity of carbonate minerals in underlyingunconsolidated deposits, the acidic pH of coal-pile leachate is raised to values typical for groundwater in carbonate terrain common in Northwest Indiana. Further ameliorating the input of acid percolation is the dilution capabilities of both the WVA and the recharge pond. Hence, sites without such advantages would exhibit a greater degree of groundwater contamination than what is observed at Purdue's coal-storage facility.
Anisotropic magnetoresistance in the organic superconductor β ″ − ( B E D T − T T F ) 2 SF 5 CH 2 CF 2 SO 3

In this paper, we report transport measurements of interlayer magnetoresistance with field parallel and perpendicular to the current direction in an all organic superconductor ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{''}}\ensuremath{-}{(\mathrm{B}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{T}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{F})}_{2}{\mathrm{SF}}_{5}{\mathrm{CH}}_{2}{\mathrm{CF}}_{2}{\mathrm{SO}}_{3}.$ For $H\ensuremath{\parallel}I,$ the isothermal magnetoresistance $R(H)$ at low temperatures $(Tl~{T}_{c})$ displays a peak effect as a function of field. For $H\ensuremath{\perp}I,$ $R(H)$ increases monotonically with increasing field. The results are very analogous to the interlayer magnetoresistance in $\ensuremath{\kappa}\ensuremath{-}(\mathrm{B}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{T}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{F}{)}_{2}X$ compounds. The observation of the peak effect or negative magnetoresistance in different systems for $H\ensuremath{\parallel}I\ensuremath{\perp}$ plane suggests that it is intrinsic to the layered organic superconductors. For $H\ensuremath{\perp}I,$ the large positive magnetoresistance is in a general agreement with a two band model for charge transport.
PLACEMENT OF PEDICLE SCREWS IN THE THORACIC SPINE. PART II: AN ANATOMICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT

We used computerized tomographic scans and subsequent dissections to evaluate the position of ninety pedicle screws that had been inserted bilaterally into the fourth through twelfth thoracic vertebrae of five fresh-frozen cadavera. The screws had been inserted by five experienced spine surgeons without the use of radiographs or imaging studies. Of the ninety screws, thirty-seven were found to have penetrated the cortex of the pedicle. Twenty-one screws had penetrated the medial cortex and entered the spinal canal, and sixteen had penetrated the lateral cortex. The aorta and the esophagus were at greatest risk for injury after advancement of the screws beyond the anterior vertebral cortex. Computerized tomographic scans of the thoracic spine in nineteen living controls who did not have a spinal abnormality confirmed the proximity of the posterior mediastinal structures to the misplaced screws.
Evaluation of agar gel immunodiffusion serology using caprine and ovine lentiviral antigens for detection of antibody to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus.

The sensitivity of the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test for the detection of antibody to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) was investigated with CAEV or ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) as the source of antigen. A total of 218 goat serum specimens were tested for anti-CAEV antibody by AGID and immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-labeled CAEV. In comparison with that of immunoprecipitation, the sensitivity of the CAEV AGID test was 0.91, and that of the OPPV AGID test was 0.56. The AGID test with either antigen was 100% specific. The lower sensitivity of the OPPV AGID test in detecting caprine antibody to CAEV indicates that OPPV antigen is of limited value for use in CAEV diagnosis and control programs. Images
Perspectives: What Analysts Should Know About FAS No. 141R and FAS No. 160

FAS No. 141R, Business Combinations, and FAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, became effective for fiscal years beginning after 31 December 2008. Many quarterly and annual reports for 2009 incorporated the requirements of these standards. In this article, the author discusses changes resulting from the standards’ implementation.
Bifunctional electrolyte additive for lithium-ion batteries.

Abstract 2-(Pentafluorophenyl)-tetrafluoro-1,3,2-benzodioxaborole was reported as a bifunctional electrolyte additive for lithium-ion batteries. It was found that the reported additive had a redox potential of 4.43 V vs. Li + /Li with a reversible oxidation/reduction reaction. Therefore, it is a promising redox shuttle for overcharge protection of most positive electrode materials for current lithium-ion-battery technology. At the same time, the boron center of this additive is a strong Lewis acid and can act as an anion receptor to dissolve LiF generated during the operation of lithium-ion batteries. The possibility of using the novel additive as both the redox shuttle and the anion receptor was discussed.
The vitelline envelope to fertilization envelope conversion in eggs of Xenopus laevis.

Abstract Fertilization of the Xenopus laevis egg causes the conversion of the vitelline envelope to the fertilization envelope, a change reflected in the loss of sperm penetrability of the egg and the appearance of an electron-dense layer on the outer aspect of the fertilization envelope. As seen by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis, two components with molecular weights of 69,000 and 64,000 in the vitelline envelope were converted to 66,000 and 61,000 in the fertilization envelope. By two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the components in the 69,000 and 64,000 molecular weight regions of the vitelline envelope were seen to shift to more basic isoelectric points upon coversion to the fertilization envelope. Peptide mapping by limited proteolysis suggested that the 69,000 and 64,000 molecular weight components shared the same polypeptide chains but the smaller glycoprotein lacked a carbohydrate side chain found on the larger species. Similar sites on each glycoprotein were affected when the vitelline envelope was converted to the fertilization envelope. No N-terminal amino acids could be identified on the envelope components, indicating that these glycoproteins have blocked N-termini. Ionophore A23187-activation of jellied eggs (but not dejellied eggs) caused the molecular weight changes in the absence of sperm. Thus, factors from the jelly and the cortical granules but not from sperm apparently are involved in the processing of the 69,000 and 64,000 molecular weight components.
Internal photoemission on a-Si:H Schottky barrier structures revisited

Abstract Direct measurements of mobility gaps in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) using internal photoemission (IPE) of electrons and holes have been carried out. The analysis used in the measurement of metal/a-Si:H Schottky barrier heights in the previous studies was based on the classical Fowler theory. More detailed treatment of IPE in a-Si:H Schottky barriers, however, shows that the IPE yields Y(hν) α (hν − E T ) 2+c rather than (hν − E T ) 2 , where E T is the threshold energy. In the case of parabolic extended band states, c = 1 2 and the exponent 5 2 in place of 2. The extrapolations of yield versus hν result in barrier heights lower than those determined by the Fowler theory but can be fitted over a larger energy range. The effects of the new analysis of experimental results on different a-Si:H materials are presented and discussed.
Persistence of abnormal melanocytes in immunosuppressed chickens of the autoimmune “DAM” line

The delayed amelanotic (DAM) line of chickens (Gallus gallus) is characterized by the postnatal elimination of melanocytes from regenerating feathers and from the choroid. The process of elimination is accompanied by a massive infiltration of mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) into the supporting connective tissues. When surgically bursectomized at day of hatching, chickens from this lineage develop significantly less amelanosis of the feathers. We report here a histological analysis of regenerating feathers and choroids from bursectomized birds that maintained their plumage pigmentation. In the feathers we observed the presence of morphologically abnormal melanocytes in the absence of MNL infiltration. Choroids also contained abnormal melanocytes without MNL infiltration; however, we observed a few cases of amelanotic choroids with a few MNL. These findings indicate that melanocytes of pigmented birds are morphologically abnormal even in the absence of a bursa and in the absence of leukocytic infiltrates into regenerating feathers and possibly into the choroids. We conclude from these findings that the amelanosis in unbursectomized DAM birds is due to the response of the immune system to an abnormality in the melanocytes which, by itself, does not lead to depigmentation.
On the psychology of the shaking palsy.

The theme of the paper is that, since disturbances of body movement normally accompany feeling states, it is possible that a chronic disturbance of affect may be accompanied by a chronic disturbance of movement. The specific hypothesis is that the syndrome of parkinsonism may accompany a prolonged affect disorder in a patient who is highly suggestible and to whom the diagnosis is given prematurely. The somatic responses may become fixed by repetition and reinforcement, so that the movement disturbance runs parallel with the psychological one and can only be relieved by a successful resolution of the psychological problems. This hypothesis is advanced to explain the parkinsonian syndrome in the patient who has been described and discussed. This writer does not believe that all cases of parkinsonism are produced by this mechanism.
Atmospheric reactions of vibrationally excited greenhouse gases: SH + N2O(n, 0, 0)

Abstract Rate coefficients for the reactions of SH + N 2 O(ν 1 , 0, 0) → HSO (A 2 A′) for ν 1 = 0 and 1, and HSO (A 2 A′) + N 2 O → products, are measured at room temperature. SH is formed by pulsed laser photolysis of H 2 S and vibrationally excited N 2 O is created using the stimulated Raman technique. The reaction kinetics are followed by chemiluminescence of HSO. The results show that the reaction between SH and unexcited N 2 O has a rate coefficient equal to 1.3 (±0.14) × 10 −11 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 , while N 2 O (1, 0, 0) reacts with a rate coefficient at least 2.2. times larger.
Structural and functional analysis of the rcsA gene from Erwinia stewartii.

ResA is a positive regulator of genes for extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis in the Enterobacteriaceae. The nucleotide sequence of the rcsA gene from Erwinia stewartii was determined and compared to rcsA sequences from E. amylovora, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Three highly conserved regions of the gene were identified. The C-terminal end of the open reading frame (ORF) shared significant amino acid homology to the LuxR class of bacterial activator proteins. Insertion and deletion mutagenesis of the 5′ non-coding region indicated that maximal expression of rcsA was dependent upon cis-acting regulatory sequences located more than 300 by upstream of the translational start site.
Successful extraction of cardiac-extending intravenous leiomyomatosis through gonadal vein

Objective To report a conservative surgical management of cardiac-extending intravenous (IV) leiomyomatosis. Design Case report. Setting Tertiary care center. Patient(s) A 40-year-old nulligravid with incidentally identified IV leiomyomatosis arising from the right gonadal vein and extending into the right atrium. Intervention(s) First, intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram was performed that demonstrated the IV leiomyomatosis stalk to be 1.1 cm in diameter without an enlarged tip or adherence to the vessel lumen. Next, the 20-week-size uterus was gently pulled caudally under live visualization of the IV leiomyomatosis tip with transesophageal echocardiogram. As the uterus was pulled caudally, the IV leiomyomatosis tip obviously protruded from the right atrium and down into inferior vena cava. Lastly, the gonadal vein was incised longitudinally and the stalk of the tumor was grasped and extracted through the incision. Main Outcome Measure(s) One-step abdominal surgery for complete tumor resection without sternotomy or cardiac bypass surgery. Result(s) To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a cardiac-extending IV leiomyomatosis successfully extracted through the gonadal vein. Conclusion(s) In a selected case with logistic step-by-step approach, conservative surgical treatment via gonadal vein extraction could be a feasible option in the management of cardiac-extending IV leiomyomatosis. Systematic literature review highlights important clinical characteristics and management options for IV leiomyomatosis.
Life events, method of coping, and interpersonal trust: implications for nursing actions.

This study was designed to examine the relationship between stressful life events, trust, and nervous habits. A sample of 105 male and female university students, faculty, and employees between the ages of 20 and 65 completed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, the Interpersonal Trust Scale, and the Thomas Habits of Nervous Tension Survey Questionnaire. Tentative conclusions suggest that with increased age there is a decrease in the level of interpersonal trust, there are fewer habits of nervous tension, and there are fewer stressful life events.
The synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-c] pyridazines and pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines related to toxoflavin and fervenulin

4-Deazatoxoflavin (1,6-dimethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-c]-5,7-pyridazinedione) (7) and several other 4-deazatoxoflavin and 4-deazafervenulin analogs have been prepared with the required intermediates. 3,5,7-Trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrido[2,3-d]-2,4-pyrimidinedione (19) and 8-phenyl-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,3,4,8-tetrahydropyrido[2,3-d]-2,4-pyrimidinedione (20) were also prepared.
Buoyant density of herpes simplex virus in solutions of caesium chloride.

PREVIOUS reports have shown that the buoyant density of herpes simplex virus in a solution of caesium chloride is genetically determined by the virus1–3. Thus plaque purified mutants obtained from a single parent and grown in the same host differ with respect to buoyant density in caesium chloride1,2. Mutants differing in buoyant density also differ, in a predictable fashion, with respect to patterns of elution from calcium phosphate gel, surface antigenic structure, stability on heating at 40° C, and plaque size2,3. These findings led to the conclusion that all these properties of the herpes virus virion are covariant and may reflect the structure of the capsid or of the envelope of the virus2,3.
CASSPERR: A γ–γ cascade detector for resonant nuclear reaction analysis

Resonant nuclear reaction analysis (RNRA) is sometimes the only technique able to quantify elements in a matrix containing other elements. Background due to cosmic rays and natural radioactivity has limited traditional RNRA to samples with relatively high concentrations of the measured element, or to facilities with large amounts of passive shielding. Many nuclear reactions of interest in RNRA produce excited states in the resulting nuclei that then de-excite by product-specific sequences of photon emissions. The CAScade SPEctrometer for Resonant Reactions (CASSPERR) selects only events that match the desired combination of photon emissions. Rejection of other events greatly reduces the background, thus improving the signal to noise ratio (SNR). Since it is constructed from available commercial components, CASSPERR opens RNRA to typical ion beam analysis facilities. The design, operation and evaluation of CASSPERR with applications to materials science are currently under investigation.
Effects of thermal-neutron irradiation on the elastic constants of copper

The three independent elastic constants of copper irradiated with thermal neutrons below 4 K have been measured. Simultaneous measurements of attenuation and resistivity were used to monitor the defect density. The elastic-constant changes during irradiation per unit concentration $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ of defects, $\frac{d\mathrm{ln}C}{d\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, are -2, -15.8, and -18.1 for the bulk modulus, ${C}_{44}$, and ${C}^{\ensuremath{'}}=\frac{({C}_{11}\ensuremath{-}{C}_{12})}{2}$, respectively. The percentage elastic-constant changes measured at 3.6 K after pulse annealing at temperatures up to 60 K were different for the different elastic constants in the same annealing range. Also the elastic-constant changes were strongly temperature dependent. The results show that there are five different types of elastic-constant effects, each of which depends upon the type of defect involved. This analysis also helps to account for the wide variation of results found previously for measurements using different types of irradiation at different temperatures.
Varying levels of starch in calf milk replacers.

Abstract Starch replaced varying amounts of lactose in milk replacers fed to Holstein calves by nipple pail as the only source of nutrients in three trials. Trial 1 was a growth trial involving 28 heifers. Amylopectin comprised 0, 9, 18, and 27% of solids in the replacer. Daily gains (3 to 45 days) for the respective treatments averaged 0.50, 0.45, 0.35, and 0.36 kg/day and were significantly lower (P
Holocaust Memory in Polish Scholarship

Commemoration of the Holocaust, scholar Halina Taborska recently argued, has entered a new stage in Poland. For more than a decade after communist rule ended in 1989, politicized slogans remained on many Holocaust memorials and other forms of commemoration, remnants of the period “when politicians and ideologues, the ruling powers and the ruled, artists and administrators accepted a definitive version of events as true and obligatory,” she wrote in a collection of articles. Only in recent years has Holocaust commemoration sought to grapple with the “falsified semantic expressions” of Holocaust memory and to depoliticize commemoration in the public sphere.
Anticipation of moving stimuli by the retina

A flash of light evokes neural activity in the brain with a delay of 30-100 milliseconds, much of which is due to the slow process of visual transduction in photoreceptors. A moving object can cover a considerable distance in this time, and should therefore be seen noticeably behind its actual location. As this conflicts with everyday experience, it has been suggested that the visual cortex uses the delayed visual data from the eye to extrapolate the trajectory of a moving object, so that it is perceived at its actual location. Here we report that such anticipation of moving stimuli begins in the retina. A moving bar elicits a moving wave of spiking activity in the population of retinal ganglion cells. Rather than lagging behind the visual image, the population activity travels near the leading edge of the moving bar. This response is observed over a wide range of speeds and apparently compensates for the visual response latency. We show how this anticipation follows from known mechanisms of retinal processing.