cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of beta-adrenergic receptors by N-ethylmaleimide in S49 lymphoma cells. Agonist induction of functional receptor heterogeneity.

β-Adrenergic agonists appear to induce a conformational change in 65% of the β-adrenergic receptors in wild-type S49 lymphoma cell membranes as shown by the increased sensitivity of a subpopulation of receptor to inactivation by the alkylating agent N -ethylmaleimide (NEM). This inactivation is conveniently monitored through the induction with NEM of a biphasic (-)-isoproterenol displacement curve of [ 125 I]IHYP binding to the receptors. In marked contrast, NEM alone or NEM plus a β-adrenergic antagonist has no effect on receptor binding. The final percentage (65%) of total receptor sites inactivated with agonist plus NEM is not dependent on the concentration of NEM used or on the time of exposure. Agonist plus NEM also causes inactivation of about 75% of the receptors in the S49 lymphoma β d clone, which has about 25% of the β-adrenergic receptor density of wild-type cells. However, agonist plus NEM treatment does not affect receptor binding in unc and cyc - S49 cell membranes, in which the receptors are functionally uncoupled from the adenylate cyclase complex. Further, agonists plus NEM also cause inactivation of 45 to 60% of the β-adrenergic receptors in turkey erythrocyte membranes, but have no effect on solubilized receptors from the same cell. These findings with variant S49 lines and turkey erythrocytes suggest that the ability of agonists to produce a conformational change of β-adrenergic receptors may be dependent on the ability of these receptors to interact with the adenylate cyclase complex and specifically to interact with the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein. The fact that only a given fraction of the total receptor population can undergo a conformational change in the investigated membranes and that the properties of the agonist/NEM-sensitive population of receptors but not the insensitive population are similar to those of receptors which activate adenylate cyclase suggests that, for structural or stoichiometric reasons, only part of the receptor population can be coupled to the cyclase complex in the presence of agonists. Thus agonist appears to induce a quantifiable, functional heterogeneity in an apparently molecularly homogeneous receptor population.
Effects of age and physical activity status on redistribution of joint work during walking

During walking older adults rely less on ankle and more on hip work than young adults. Disproportionate declines in plantarflexor strength may be a mechanism underlying this proximal work redistribution. We tested the hypothesis that proximal redistribution is more apparent in older compared to young adults and in sedentary compared to active individuals over multiple walking speeds. We recruited 18 young (18-35 yrs) and 17 older (65-80 yrs) physically active and sedentary adults. Participants completed five trials at four walking speeds as marker positions and ground reaction forces were collected. Sagittal plane net joint moments were computed using inverse dynamics. Instantaneous joint powers for the ankle, knee, and hip were computed as products of net joint moments and joint angular velocities. Positive joint work was computed by integrating hip, knee, and ankle joint powers over time in early, mid, and late stance, respectively. Relative joint work was expressed as a percentage of total work. Isokinetic strength of lower limb flexor and extensor muscles was measured. Older adults had lower relative ankle (p=0.005) and higher relative hip (p=0.007) work than young adults for multiple speeds. Non-significant trends (p<0.10) indicating sedentary participants had lower relative ankle (p=0.068) and higher relative hip work (p=0.087) than active adults were observed. Age-related differences in plantarflexor strength were not disproportionate compared to strength differences in knee and hip musculature. Age influenced proximal work redistribution over multiple walking speeds. Physical activity status showed a similar trend for proximal work redistribution, but failed to reach statistical significance.
Fast-Imaging Techniques

The constant motion of the heart poses great challenges when developing cardiac imaging strategies. There is the beating motion of the heart, rich in clinically relevant information such as wall thickening and ejection fraction, and the respiration-induced motion of the heart, with little clinical importance other than the artifacts it may cause. The most common approach to handle these two types of motion consists of freezing the respiratory motion through breath holding while resolving the beating motion through electrocardiogram (ECG) gating (Chapter 2). Alternatively, one may freeze all motions at once using a suitably short scan time in real-time imaging. When breath holding is used, we need to image fast for patients to comply, and without breath holding, we need to image fast to freeze all motions involved. The need for fast imaging is ever present in cardiac imaging as speed is central to our strategies for handling motion.
Kinetic Explorations of the Candy–Cola Soda Geyser

Protocols for examining the kinetics of CO2 escape from solution during the popular Diet Coke and Mentos experiment have been explored. The methods developed allow teachers to demonstrate and students to explore various physicochemical processes involved when Mentos candies are placed in Diet Coke. For example, a pH meter can be used to observe a slight decrease in acidity as dissolved CO2 escapes the soda. Furthermore, a balance or CO2 sensor can be used to directly measure CO2 escape. Arrhenius analysis of degassing rates determined using these latter methods yielded an activation energy of 25 kJ mol–1 for the conversion of CO2(aq) to CO2(g). The materials required for the experiments are easy to acquire and set up; therefore these investigations are amenable for use in high school and undergraduate chemistry classrooms and laboratories
BMET-03SOLID TUMORS EXPLOIT INNATE IMMUNITY TO GENERATE LEPTOMENINGEAL METASTASES

Leptomeningeal metastasis represents a rare but fatal outcome of disseminated cancer. Although much has been learned through observational studies, retrospective analyses and case reports, understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this complication has lagged behind that of other metastatic sites. To this end, we have created interrogable mouse models of breast and lung cancer that separate the molecular characteristics required for cancer cell access to the leptomeningeal space from those characteristics needed for cancer cell survival within the CSF. These models are both histologically and transcriptomally distinct from parenchymal metastases. Transcriptomal profiling of these diverse models representing breast and lung cancers in both xenograft and syngeneic systems has identified a distinct set of genes or “signature” differentially expressed by cells competent to seed and grow within the leptomeninges. This signature provides evidence that circulating cancer cells exploit the innate immune system to bypass the blood-CSF-barrier and gain access to and survive within the spinal fluid. These gene products are detectable in CSF from patients with cytology- or MRI-proven leptomeningeal metastasis. Genetic or pharmacologic blockade of select genes within this signature inhibits seeding of the leptomeninges by circulating tumor cells and inhibits growth of cancer cells within this space. This work demonstrates that leptomeningeal metastases are the result of distinct alterations in gene expression apart from those characterizing parenchymal metastases. Further, these models provide evidence that diverse primary tumors employ a conserved mechanism to arrive and survive within the CSF. Finally, this conserved gene signature shows great promise as a therapeutic target for this morbid complication of cancer.
College academic identities situated in interlocking contextual blocks

ABSTRACTThrough an examination of 13 first-generation college students’ views, this paper aims to provide one possible lens to viewing the complex social and academic landscapes that impact on students’ academic identity construction. Academic and social experiences within and beyond the safety net of a mentoring program are explored. The paper concludes with recommendations for campus-wide initiatives for the support of the focal students.
Trajectories of Affective Response as Warning Signs for Suicide Attempts: An Examination of the 48 Hours Prior to a Recent Suicide Attempt

Change in affect is widely considered a warning sign for suicidal behavior. However, no study to date has directly examined such within-person changes during the hours preceding a suicide attempt. ...
Unintended side effects of a spotless mind: theory and practice

Forgetting can be either a source of great frustration or one of great relief, depending on whether the memories in question are relevant to one’s immediate goals. Adopting an appropriate strategy ...
Allergic pulmonary inflammation accelerates breast cancer metastasis via increase of myeloid cells in the lung microenvironment (TUM6P.1005)

Inflammation is known to contribute to tumor initiation and metastasis. Since it is not known the effect of pre-existing inflammation on metastasis, we combined a model of allergic pulmonary inflammation with a breast cancer model. Using this model, we found that allergen sensitized mice implanted with mammary tumors had a 5-fold increase in metastatic foci. More importantly allergic tumor bearing mice showed 3X faster tumor cell infiltration in their lungs with accelerated tumor growth and shorter survival. Since macrophages and MDSCs play a key role in the immunosuppressive processes associated with both inflammation and metastasis, we hypothesized that allergic pulmonary inflammatory microenvironment attracts myeloid cells that support incoming tumors cells and accelerates metastasis. We found an increase in the alveolar MO (CD11b - CD11C + CD68 + F4/80+Ly6G - ), interstitial MO (CD11b + CD11C - CD68 + F4/80 + Ly6G - ), monocytic MDSC (CD11b + Ly6C high Ly6G - F4/80 - ), and granulocytic MDSC (CD11b + Ly6C low Ly6G + F4/80 - ) subpopulations in mice with allergic pulmonary inflammation prior to tumor inoculation. These populations were further increased after tumor cell inoculation with the exception the granulocytic MDSCs. Depletion of macrophages and MDSCs prior to tumor cell inoculation in allergen mice decreased tumor growth and metastasis in allergic tumor bearing mice. Targeting specific immune populations could lead to safer and more efficient strategies against breast cancer metastasis.
Neodymium Catalyst for the Polymerization of Dienes and Polar Vinyl Monomers.

Ziegler–Natta catalysts have played a major role in industry for the polymerization of dienes and vinyl monomers. However, due to the deactivation of the catalyst, this system fails to polymerize polar vinyl monomers such as vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, and methyl acrylate. Herein, a catalytic system composed of NdCl3⋅3TEP/TIBA is reported, which promotes a quasi-living polymerization of dienes and is also active for the homopolymerization of polar vinyl monomers. Additionally, this catalytic system generates polymyrcene-b-polyisoprene and poly(myrcene)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers by sequential monomer addition. To encourage the replacement of petroleum-based polymers by environmentally benign biobased polymers, polymerization of β-myrcene is demonstrated with a catalytic activity of ≈106 kg polymer mol Nd−1 h−1.
Making Special, Making Art, or Making Things.

“There is a fundamental disconnect between creativity applied to producing a thing and creativity inherent in making something meaningful of one’s life.”Human beings have a universal need, declared...
Practices Caring For The Underserved Are Less Likely To Adopt Medicare's Annual Wellness Visit.

In 2011 Medicare introduced the annual wellness visit to help address the health risks of aging adults. The visit also offers primary care practices an opportunity to generate revenue, and may allow practices in accountable care organizations to attract healthier patients while stabilizing patient-practitioner assignments. However, uptake of the visit has been uneven. Using national Medicare data for the period 2008–15, we assessed practices’ ability and motivation to adopt the visit. In 2015, 51.2 percent of practices provided no annual wellness visits (nonadopters), while 23.1 percent provided visits to at least a quarter of their eligible beneficiaries (adopters). Adopters replaced problem-based visits with annual wellness visits and saw increases in primary care revenue. Compared to nonadopters, adopters had more stable patient assignment and a slightly healthier patient mix. At the same time, visit rates were lower among practices caring for underserved populations (for example, racial minorities and...
“I am the foreigner. I am the prodigal who hates the foreigner”: Resisting the Exotic in Michael Ondaatje's Running in the Family

In The Postcolonial Exotic, Graham Huggan argues that while metropolitan audiences ostensibly embrace difference and celebrate the works of postcolonial writers, in reality, postcolonial difference...
The declining marginal utility of social time for subjective well-being

Abstract Are people who spend more time with others always happier than those who spend less time in social activities? Across four studies with more than 250,000 participants, we show that social time has declining marginal utility for subjective well-being. In Study 1 (N = 243,075), we use the Gallup World Poll with people from 166 countries, and in Study 2 (N = 10,387) the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), to show that social time has declining returns for well-being. In Study 3a (N = 168) and Study 3b (N = 174), we employ the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) to provide initial evidence for both intra-domain (principle of diminishing satisfaction) and inter-domain mechanisms (principle of satisfaction limits). We discuss implications for theory, research methodology, and practice.
Neurocysticercosis in Pregnancy

The normal physiologic changes during pregnancy contribute to nutritional, metabolic, and immunologic adjustments, which can have an impact on the presentation of several diseases. New onset seizures during pregnancy and the postpartum can be attributed to several etiologies. Patient demographic data as well as personal and social histories are key in determining the etiology of new onset seizures. Neurocysticercosis (NCC), a commonly overlooked etiology, must be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with new onset seizures coming from NCC endemic areas. The diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical findings, exposure history, imaging, and serology. We present two cases of patients with NCC that became symptomatic during pregnancy or postpartum period. We will review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management of NCC in pregnancy.
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Dr. Seuss’s eloquent “One FISH, two FISH, red FISH, blue FISH” (1) could have been describing one of the most significant advancements in clinical cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The process, as described by Pinkel et al. in 1988 (2), involved fluorescent detection of probe DNA hybridized to chromosomal target sequences. The overall hybridization was essentially the same one that had been in use with radioactive probes, but the major advantage was the incorporation of fluorescent detection of the probe sequences that allowed for high sensitivity in a simple and quick assay. In the ensuing years, “molecular cytogenetics,” as it has come to be called, has become an integral part of the clinical cytogenetics laboratory and has been accepted as standard of care for the study of a host of chromosomal aberrations. Standardized nomenclature rules for FISH were published in The International System for Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN 1995; see Chapter 3) and the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) has developed standards and guidelines for the use of FISH in clinical laboratory testing (http://www.acmg.net).
PCBs: Production and Properties

Polychlorinated biphenyls (generically referred to as PCBs) were industrial compounds which enjoyed wide usage between 1930 and the mid-1970’s (ATSDR, 1997; DeVoogt and Brinkman, 1989; Hutzinger et al., 1974). Desirable properties were thermal and chemical stability, low flammability, and low electrical conductance. When widespread environmental contamination by PCBs was confirmed in the late 1960s, there were concerns about human health effects and environmental impact. There is still no consensus on the significance of human health effects, but manufacture was discontinued in the US, Japan and western Europe by the late 1970’s; manufacture continued in some countries until 1990. Some products containing large amounts of PCBs, especially electrical capacitors and transformers, are still in service. Other reservoirs include landfills, water and sediments. The atmosphere is an important environmental reservoir as well as a major route of exposure and transfer among other matrices.
Phage-Displayed Antibody Libraries

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates a general protocol for the generation of single chain variable regions (scFv) libraries displayed on the surface of the pCGMT phage vector as part of either surface protein pIII. Determine the size of the library by counting the number of independent transformants. Aspirate unbound phage solution and remove weakly bound phage by washing with 0.05% Tween 20 in PBS. The stringency of the phage selection can be increased at the end of each round of panning in several ways. The first is to decrease the amount of antigen immobilized on the immunotubes. Similarly, the incubation time of the library with the antigen can be decreased. The quality of a library depends not only on the quantity of independent transformants, but also on the diversity. In order to test such diversity, a set of 30–50 random clones should be sequenced so that the percentage of repeats can be determined.
A Fully Biological Perspective on AI-Assisted Decision Making

We investigate AI-assisted decision making with a fully biological perspective from particle to biosystem. We (1) present three continua: natural continuum, human decision continuum and hard-ware-software continuum, (2) identify the mapping among them for derivation of analogies between them and (3) exemplify analogical reasoning in terms of People, Principle, Policy, Process and Practice, which together drive business, management, market and economy. We examine each and all three sub-perspectives of a fully biological perspective: the Euclidean decision space over time and the two extremes: neuroquantological space (low-end) and Minkowski spacetime (high-end). We expand insights into AI-assisted decision making for application development.
How to Discuss Sexual Health With Girls and Young Women With Spina Bifida: A Practical Guide for the Urologist.

Objective To provide urologists with a practical guide for how to provide sexual health counseling to girls and women with spina bifida. Methods The recommendations and research of several sources were synthesized to create this guidance, including clinical guidance from the Spina Bifida Association and American College of Obstetricians, the current literature on the sexual health of girls and women with spina bifida, and the multidisciplinary experience of the authors. Results Sexual health education should be viewed by urologists as a continuous discussion, starting in early childhood and gradually building through adolescence. Developing a plan for when and how to bring it up, utilizing parents as educational partners, identifying who will provide the detailed one-on-one counseling if not the primary urologist, establishing a referral network for specialized care (eg, adolescent gynecologist, physical therapist, or sex therapist), becoming familiar with how spina bifida impacts sexual health, and being prepared for challenges are key to providing these girls and women with competent sexual health education. Urologists should also screen for abuse at each visit and be familiar with reporting and resources for when abuse is identified. Conclusion This guidance can serve to direct urologists in providing competent sexual health education to girls and women with spina bifida. This will ensure these girls and women receive the basic education they need, and that they can be referred to appropriate sexual health experts as indicated.
The acoustics of word stress in Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne

Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne (GCD) is a variety of Irish spoken in the Dingle peninsula, Co. Kerry, Ireland. Word stress in GCD falls on the second syllable if it is heavy (i.e., contains a long vowel or a diphthong), on the third syllable if it is heavy and the preceding syllables are light, and on the first syllable in other cases. While formal phonological analyses of this system have been proposed before, details of the acoustics of stress remain poorly understood. This paper reports on a production study conducted with five native speakers of GCD in the villages of Ceann Tra and Baile an Fheirtearaigh. A list of 64 words of various prosodic shapes in carrier-phrases was recorded. The stimuli were presented to the participants in written form and read out loud. The phrases were constructed in a manner that would allow to elicit target words in positions where they are versus are not associated with a HL phrasal accent in order to disentangle effects of word- and higher-level prosody. The preliminary results show that stressed syllables are characterised by a higher f0 and higher intensity levels compared to unstressed syllables, whereas duration is not a significant correlate of stress.
Muscle contraction as a Markov Process - II: x-ray interference data (M3 & M6 reflections) imply myosin cross-bridge motions are controlled by structural transitions along actin filaments.

The unit underlying the construction and functioning of muscle fibers is the sarcomere. Tension develops in fibers as thousands of sarcomeres arranged in series contract in unison. Shortening is due to the sliding of actin thin filaments along antiparallel arrays of myosin thick filaments. Remarkably, myosin catalytic heads situated across the center M-line of a sarcomere are separated by a distance that is a half integral of the 14.5 nm spacing between successive layers of myosin heads on the thick filaments. This results in the splitting of the 14.5 nm meridional reflection in X-ray diffraction patterns of muscle fibers. Following a quick drop in tension, changes in the relative intensities of the split meridional peaks provide a sensitive measure of myosin head movements. We use published data obtained with the x-ray interference method to validate a theory of muscle contraction in which cooperative structural transitions along force-generating actin filaments regulate the binding of myosin heads. The probability that an actin-bound myosin head will detach is represented here by a statistical function that yields a length-tension curve consistent with classical descriptions of the recovery of contracting muscle fibers subjected to millisecond drops in tension.
Disharmonic Headedness in Homeric Greek and Tocharian

This paper builds upon recent syntactic reconstruction literature both by suggesting that the featural composition of syntactic functional heads can be reconstructed without an accompanying reconstructible phonological form, and by showing that certain types of innovation can inform reconstruction, at least in the syntactic domain. Using this innovation-driven reconstruction, I propose that Proto-Indo-European (PIE) was disharmonically headed in CP and TP, based on innovated complementizer and auxiliary construction data from six of the earliest-attested Indo-European daughter languages.
Assessing Organizational Role and Perceptions of Programmatic Success in Policy Implementation

This study utilizes the Strategic Action Field (SAF) framework as a lens to study implementation effectiveness of Ohio START, a multiactor and multilevel implementation process. We examine the exte...
Additional evidence to help inform Illinois' child care system

This presentation by Rachel Gordon to the Commission to Reform Child Care in Illinois (est. by HR 0254) examines studies of child care centers. The first study regarded funding delays from the state in 2011-2012. In a comprehensive survey through the Chicago Area Study, the researchers interviewed child-care center directors on the west and north sides of Chicago. They focused on child care providers’ experiences with the great recession and the state budget crisis, and especially disparities in experiences across communities. In another representative national "ECLS-B" study of children's early care arrangements and their emerging reading and math skills, the researchers examined parent preferences and child development when parents combined center- and home- based care. About 20% of 4-year-olds attended both home- and center-based child care. Based on parents’ reports about reasons for choosing care, families who combined home and center care appeared to be meeting their priorities, both for getting their child ready for school and having a familiar caregiver who shared their background and beliefs. The results offer preliminary evidence that the benefits to academic readiness of attending preschool might be achieved when children combine half-day center-based experiences with part-day home-based child care. We encourage more research on how and why parents combine part-time preschool with home-based arrangements, and children's experiences in both of these settings.
Contours of a National Infrastructure Policy for the New Millennium

As calls for renewed efforts to address the state of the nation’s infrastructure grow across both partisan and ideological lines, they raise pointed questions regarding the nature of such efforts. ...
Fir and Empire: The Transformation of Forests in Early Modern China

Fir and Empire was published in the series of Weyerhaeuser Environmental Books with a forward, titled “The Great Reforestation” by Paul S. Sutter. While he compliments Mark Elvin’s great contributi...
Understanding the role of religion in shaping cross-national and domestic attitudes and interest in abortion, homosexuality, and pornography using traditional and Google search data.

Abstract Over the last 20 years, internet usage has increased substantially, providing an inexpensive source of data that may be less prone to bias and could provide a greater number of meso and macro units. However, validating big data and their usefulness has been challenging. This study uses established sources to validate Google Trends' search interest in the “Bible” across US Designated Market Areas and “Ramadan” across nations, establishing a potential new source of religion data. We then use these measures to show that people from religiously conservative US areas and countries are more likely to disapprove of homosexuality, abortion and pornography. Conversely, Americans from conservative religious areas are also more likely to search for these topics; and cross-national interest in Islam is associated with increased interest in pornography. Our study offers insight into Google Trends’ potential for social science research and a roadmap on how to use these data.
Synthesis and Electronic Structure Analysis of the Actinide Allenylidenes, [{(NR2)3}An(CCCPh2)]- (An = U, Th; R = SiMe3)

The reaction of [AnCl(NR2)3] (An = U, Th, R = SiMe3) with in situ generated lithium-3,3-diphenylcyclopropene results in the formation of [{(NR2)3}An(CH=C=CPh2)] (An = U, 1; Th, 2) in good yields after work-up. Deprotonation of 1 or 2 with LDA/2.2.2-cryptand results in formation of the anionic allenylidenes, [Li(2.2.2-cryptand)][{(NR2)3}An(CCCPh2)] (An = U, 3; Th, 4). The calculated 13C NMR chemical shifts of the Cα, Cβ, and Cγ nuclei in 2 and 4 nicely reproduce the experimentally assigned order, and exhibit a characteristic spin-orbit induced downfield shift at Cα due to involvement of the 5f orbitals in Th–C bonds. Additionally, the bonding analyses for 3 and 4 show a delocalized multi-center character of the ligand pi orbitals involving An. While a single-triple-single-bond resonance structure (e.g., An-C[triple bond]C-CPh2) predominates, the An=C=C=CPh2 resonance form contributes, as well, more so for 3 than for 4
How Teachers of the Visually Impaired Compensate with the Absence of Accessible Block-Based Languages

The past five years have witnessed an increase in research to improve the accessibility of block-based programming environments to people with visual impairments. This has led to the creation of a few accessible block-based programming environments with some researchers considering tangible alternatives or hybrid environments. However, the literature says little about the learning experiences of K-12 students with visual impairments on these systems in educational settings. We try to fill this gap of knowledge with a report on an interview study with twelve teachers of K-12 students with visual impairments. Through the lens of the teachers, we discovered that factors such as the students background, the teacher's CS background and the design of existing curricula influence the learning process of students with visual impairments learning how to code. In addition to discussing how they go about to mitigate the challenges that stem from these factors, teachers also reported on how they compensate for the lack of accessible block-based languages. Through this work, we offer insights into how the research community can improve the learning experiences of students with visual impairments including training teachers, ensuring students have basic computing skills, improving the curriculum and designing accessible on-screen block-based programming environments.
Potential therapeutic biomarkers in plasma cell myeloma: a flow cytometry study.

Objective To investigate the expression profile of potential therapeutic biomarkers in plasma cell myeloma (PCM) by multicolor flow cytometry analysis. Methods Bone marrow (BM) specimens were collected consecutively and analyzed using a routine PCM panel (CD38/CD138/CD45/CD19/CD20/CD28/CD56/CD117, cyto-kappa/lambda). The specimens were further assessed for CD30, CD44, CD49d, CD70, CD105, and CD184 expression in cases containing a substantial number of neoplastic plasma cells. Results Totally, 101 patient BM samples were assessed, including 58 men and 43 women, with a median age of 64 years (34–89). Twenty-nine patients had newly diagnosed/untreated PCM, 40 had persistent/residual disease undergoing various therapies and 32 had relapsed disease. CD49d was expressed brightly and uniformly in all 45 patients tested. Expression of CD44 and CD184 was more variable with a median percentage of 77% (1–100) and 65% (5–100) respectively. Using an arbitrary 20% cutoff, CD44 was positive in 74 (73%) and CD184 in 92 (91%) cases with a mean fluorescence intensity ratio of 42.8 and 21.4. A higher CD44 expression was observed in patients with recurrent/persistent disease (P = 0.028). Additionally, both CD44 (P = 0.002) and CD184 (P = 0.026) showed higher expressions in CD117-positive cases, but there was no correlation with cytogenetic groups. The CD30, CD70, and CD105 were expressed very infrequently in PCM, with a median expression of 0.2%, 0.2%, and 0.4% respectively. Conclusions CD49d, CD44, and CD184, are highly expressed in PCM. CD49d expression is bright and uniform, whereas CD44 and CD184 are more heterogeneous. In contrast, surface CD30, CD70, and CD105 are infrequent. These data provide useful preclinical information for the design of potential novel targeted therapies in PCM patients. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society
THE VALUE OF HYPOSENSITIZATION THERAPY FOR BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDREN—A 14-YEAR STUDY

The clinical course of 210 children with perennial bronchial asthma was followed in a prospective controlled study in which one half of the children received placebo injections while the other half received conventional hyposensitization therapy. Of the 130 children still under observation at the time of their sixteenth birthday, 22% of the placebo-treated children were free of asthma compared to 72% of the treated children. In the treated group the rate of loss of asthma may be related to the dose of antigen received in hyposensitization therapy. Whereas 66% of the "1/5,000" group were free of asthma at the end of the study, 78% of the "highest tolerated dose" group were symptom free in their sixteenth year. The likelihood of a child outgrowing asthma was not significantly influenced by his sex, age of onset, or severity of his symptoms when first seen. A previous history of hay fever increased the likelihood of a child9s asthma persisting into adolescence.
Annotated Memory References: A Mechanism for Informed Cache Management

As the importance of cache performance increases, allowing software to assist in cache management decisions becomes an attractive alternative. This paper focuses primarily on a mechanism for software to convey information to the memory hierarchy. We introduce a single instruction--called TAG--that can annotate subsequent memory references with a number of bits, thus avoiding major modifications to the instruction set. Simulation results show that annotating all memory reference instructions in the SPEC95 benchmarks increases execution time between 0% and 2% for both statically and dynamically scheduleded processors. We show that exposing cache management mechanisms to software can decrease the execution time of three media benchmarks (epic, pegwit, ijpeg) between 11% and 17% speedups on a 4-issue dynamically scheduled processor.
Measurement Error and Time Aggregation: A Closer Look at Estimates of Output-Labor Elasticities

This paper analyzes the effect of time aggregation on estimates of the elasticities of output with respect to employment and to average hours of work. The main goal is to get accurate estimates of production function parameters. Low frequency data generate better estimates of output- employment elasticity while high frequency data generate better estimates of output-average hours elasticity. This result comes from the fact that time aggregation increases (decreases) the bias in the estimate of the elasticity with respect to average hours (employment). Estimations of these elasticities at different data frequencies and numerical simulations illustrate this point. In addition, this estimation methodology shows that the elasticity of output with respect to employment is bigger than the elasticity of output with respect to average hours, as theory predicts, contradicting an established result in the literature.
Pregnancy levels of estrogen prevents breast cancer.

Pregnancy and lactation with breast feeding at an early age are the only natural phenomena known to drastically reduce the risk for breast cancer in women of all ethnicities worldwide. Parous rats and mice (lacking mammary tumor virus) are also highly protected against chemically induced breast carcinogenesis. Our research goals during the past 10 years have been to define the reason for the highly reduced risk of the parous phenotype to breast cancers as well as to develop safe, inexpensive, mechanism-based hormonal intervention procedures mimicking the protective effects of pregnancy in rats. The first part of our presentation will describe the development of two short-term treatments, modified from Huggins and colleagues' 1962 procedure, with estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) in silastic capsules for 7–21 days. We have acronymed these procedures as short-term E treatment (STET) and short-term E + P treatment (STEPT). These treatments containing late pregnancy levels of E, with or without P, for 7 days are sufficient to reduce the breast carcinoma incidence by over 80% and multiplicity by 90% in rats exposed to the potent carcinogen, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Non-pregnancy or low early pregnancy levels of E were ineffective in protecting rats against MNU-induced breast carcinogenesis. This has been the first demonstration suggesting that the late pregnancy levels of estrogen may be the reason for the protective effect of pregnancy in breast cancer risk reduction. The second part of our presentation will focus on experiments characterizing the parous phenotypes: Why are they protected against breast cancers? Our results show that parous rats are not fully protected; they are susceptible to MNU-induced initiation and develop microscopic latent mammary cancers. These rats are, however, protected from further promotion-progression from developing into overt palpable cancers. Our results also indicate that parous rats have persistently reduced mammogenic hormones, growth hormone and prolactin as well as reduced levels of the receptors for estrogen, progesterone and epidermal growth factor in their mammary epithelial cells. The final section concludes by suggesting that our treatment procedure for breast cancer prevention in carcinogen-treated rats requires only 7 days of treatment (rat gestation 21 days) with no more than 1 μg E/day and is as effective as full-term pregnancy or ovariectomy or prolonged treatment with tamoxifen, without any loss of ovarian function. Our results also suggest that breast cancer protective effects of full-term pregnancy and short-term treatments (STET/STEPT) are due to persistently decreased hormonal environment for promotion-progression of the latent mammary cancers to overt cancers.
What To Do, What To Do

So far we have described and analyzed the redistribution system in the United States, which is similar to that found in most of the world. Although I suppose that my prejudices have not been completely concealed, I have tried to make the discussion up to this point scientific rather than purely normative. In this chapter, however, I would like to discuss the kinds of reforms that we can aim for. I will try to avoid making my own values omnipresent and assume that we are attempting to maximize values that, I believe, are very widely held. These values are to be charitable to some extent, but otherwise to try and have as wealthy and efficient an economy as possible. I will have nothing to say on the degree to which we should be charitable although I have already expressed my opinion that most people are willing to give away less than 5 percent of their income and this opinion will remain beneath the surface in this chapter. Those who want to give away more than 5 percent or those who object to giving away more than.05 percent will, however, be able to make the appropriate adjustments.
Anti-Pasteurella pestis Factor III. Effects of Fatty Acids on Pasteurella pestis

Abstract The bactericidal activity and the chemical and physical characteristics of lipid fractions of extracts from organs of normal mice and guinea pigs have been described previously. The present study describes the effects of commercially prepared fatty acids which are representative of those found in the extracts. Saturated fatty acids with 12, 14, and 16 carbon atoms and unsaturated fatty acids with more than one double bond were the most effective in killing Pasteurella pestis. Tweens 20 and 80, Spans 40 and 80, and some of the methyl esters of the fatty acids did not strongly inhibit P. pestis. It was concluded, therefore, that both the length of the carbon chain and the presence of the carboxyl group of the free fatty acids were important in their effects on P. pestis. Neither the very active lauric acid nor the relatively inactive oleic acid appeared to severely alter the morphology of P. pestis. Supernatant fluids from incubated mixtures of sodium laurate or sodium oleate and cells did not contain significantly greater concentrations of proteins or nucleic acids than did the controls. These observations do not preclude an alteration of the permeability of the cell walls.
Young Adults on the Autism Spectrum: Perceived Effects of Participation in a University-Based Challenge Course Program in the Community

Researchers investigated perceived life effectiveness of young adults with autism who were partnered with student peers in an outdoor Challenge Course program on a university campus. Twenty-three adults ages 17–34 completed the Life Effectiveness Questionnaire before and after participating in the program. Paired samples t-tests of pre-scores and post-scores indicated significant increases in self-perceptions of effectiveness in task leadership and social competence factors. Perceptions of improved communication and high levels of satisfaction were reported by participants and parents. Occupational therapy intervention with community-dwelling young adults with autism using university-based peer partnerships is effective in promoting participation and life effectiveness.
Pd–Ag/SiO2 bimetallic catalysts prepared by galvanic displacement for selective hydrogenation of acetylene in excess ethylene

A series of bimetallic Pd–Ag/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by galvanic displacement with increasing loadings of Pd on Ag. The catalysts were characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of CO adsorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. An actual Pd deposition beyond the theoretical limit for galvanic displacement suggested that the large difference in surface free energy for Pd and Ag resulted in Pd diffusion into the bulk of Ag particles, or Ag diffusion to the surface to provide fresh Ag atoms for further galvanic displacement. Characterization results indicated that on this series of catalysts the Pd atoms are distributed in very small ensembles or possibly even atomically on the Ag surface, and there was a transfer of electrons from Pd to Ag at all Pd loadings. For comparison, the catalysts were also evaluated for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene in excess ethylene at the conditions used in our previous study of the reverse Ag–Pd/SiO2 catalysts. The selectivities for C2H4 formation remained high and constant due to the geometric effects that Pd atom existed as small ensembles. However, the electronic effects resulted in lower selectivities for C2H4 formation than those from the catalysts with high coverage of Ag on Pd.
Atracurium Resistance in a Critically Ill Patient

A previously healthy 25-year-old man with metastatic testicular teratocarcinoma became resistant to atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade as evidenced by train-of-four (TOF) monitoring combined with clinical assessment. Subsequently he had an adequate response with a standard dosage of pancuronium. During the first 10 days of neuromuscular blockade, the atracurium requirements escalated from 0.31 to 1.7 mg/kg/hour, guided by TOF monitoring, movement, and spontaneous respirations. The infusion was discontinued but later reinstituted. Despite a total atracurium loading dose of 1.4 mg/kg followed by an infusion rate titrated to 1.7 mg/kg/hour, inadequate paralysis persisted. Atracurium was terminated and an intravenous infusion of pancuronium 0.10 mg/kg/hour was started. Over the next 3 days the pancuronium infusion was titrated down to a range of 0.04-0.06 mg/kg/hour, followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.01-0.05 mg/kg/hour for 5 days. A pharmacokinetic alteration, such as increased metabolism or elimination, may have caused the atracurium resistance.
Laser Therapy is Safe but not Superior to Conventional Treatment of Peri-implantitis.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of various laser wavelengths in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Kotsakis GA, Konstantinidis I, Karoussis IK, Ma X, Chu H. J Periodontol 2014;85(9):1203-13. Reviewers Prof. Dr. med. dent. Georgios E. Romanos, DDS, PhD, Fawad Javed, BDS, PhD Purpose/Question Is laser therapy, as a mono-therapy or as an adjunctive therapy, an efficacious treatment modality for patients with peri-implantitis? Source of Funding National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health, Award Number UL1TR000114 Type of Study/Design Systematic review with meta-analysis of data Level of Evidence Level 1: Good-quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Grade A: Consistent, good-quality patient-oriented evidence
Measurement of the binding of antifibrinolytic amino acids to various plasminogens

Abstract A method for studying the binding of various antifibrinolytic amino acids to plasminogen has been devised. This method is based upon the ability of inhibitors of the streptokinase-induced conversion of plasminogen to plasmin to produce an alteration in the s20,w0 of native plasminogen accompanying their binding to plasminogen. Typical examples of antifibrinolytic amino acids, e.g., 6-amino hexanoic acid, trans-4-aminomethyl cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid, and l -lysine cause alterations in the s20,w0 of streptokinase-insensitive plasminogens as well as streptokinase-sensitive plasminogens from 5.1–5.6 S to 4.1–4.7 S depending upon the particular plasminogen used. Titration of the s20,w0 of human plasminogen (streptokinase-sensitive) using absorption optics in the analytical ultracentrifuge with the above three compounds led to dissociation constants of 4.5 ± 0.8 × 10−4 m , 8.0 ± 0.8 × 10−5 m , and 6.8 ± 0.8 × 10−2 m , respectively. When duck plasminogen (streptokinase-insensitive) was used, dissociation constants of 5.6 ± 0.7 × 10−4 m , 9.0 ± 0.8 × 10−5 m , and 8.8 ± 0.7 × 10−2 m , were obtained. This method requires very small amounts of protein and allows determination of low as well as very high dissociation constants with equal reliability.
Strabismus in childhood eyelid ptosis.

Purpose To report the prevalence and causes of strabismus in children with eyelid ptosis diagnosed in a well-defined population over a 40-year period. Design Retrospective, population-based cohort study. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 107 patients ( Results Strabismus was diagnosed in 20 (18.7%) of the 107 patients with childhood ptosis. Of the 81 patients, 8 (9.9%) were diagnosed with simple congenital ptosis and had strabismus, of which there were 4 (4.9%) cases of exotropia and 4 (4.9%) cases of esotropia. There were no cases of isolated vertical deviation. Conclusions Strabismus occurred in 1 of 5 children diagnosed with any form of childhood ptosis in this population-based cohort. Strabismus affected approximately 1 of 10 patients diagnosed with simple congenital ptosis, and a predominance of isolated horizontal deviations was equally divided between esotropia and exotropia.
Millennials & the Myth of the Post-Racial Society: Black Youth, Intra-generational Divisions & the Continuing Racial Divide in American Politics

According to some academics and journalists, once the “millennials” dominate the political arena, many of the thorny social issues that have caused great debate and consternation among the American...
Separation of Concentrated Binary Gases by Hybrid Pressure-Swing Adsorption/Simulated-Moving Bed Processes

Stripping-type PSA (S-PSA) is a commonly used gas separation process for purification of the light component. Rectifying-type PSA (R-PSA), although not commonly used, is a gas separation process for purifying predominately the heavy component. Because S-PSA and R-PSA each tend to favor the production of a single product, these processes are typically not used for complete binary separation. On the other hand, the gas-phase simulated-moving bed (SMB) is capable of achieving complete binary separation; however, its commercial application has been stymied by the need for carrier gas/desorbent recovery and unfavorable economics. In this work, S-PSA and R-PSA are combined with a two-zone SMB to develop S-PSA/SMB and R-PSA/SMB hybrid processes and these processes are integrated into combination-type C-PSA/SMB processes. Combining PSA and SMB eliminates the carrier gas/desorbent by taking advantage of gas expansion and by using both light and heavy purge streams. Separation of H2 and CH4 mixtures with Zeolite 5A...