cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Progressive obesity alters the steroidogenic response to ovulatory stimulation and increases the abundance of mRNAs stored in the ovulated oocyte

SUMMARY Obese women who are able to attain pregnancy are at increased risk for early-pregnancy loss due, in part, to reduced oocyte quality. We and others have demonstrated that female Lethal Yellow (LY) mice and female C57BL/6 mice fed a high fat diet (B6-HFD) exhibit phenotypes consistent with human obesity. These studies also showed that zygotes collected from LY and B6-HFD females have reduced developmental competence. The current hypothesis is that LY and B6-HFD females exhibit an abnormal response to gonadotropin stimulation compared to C57BL/6 controls fed normal rodent chow (B6-ND), resulting in the ovulation of oocytes with an altered molecular phenotype which may contribute to its reduced developmental competence. To test this hypothesis, age-matched B6-ND, B6-HFD, and LY females were stimulated with exogenous gonadotropins, then circulating hormone levels and the phenotypes of ovulated oocytes were analyzed. There was no difference in ovulation rate or in the percentage of morphologically abnormal oocytes collected from the oviduct of any females. Progesterone and progesterone/estradiol ratios, however, were increased in B6-HFD and LY compared to B6-ND females 16 hr post-human chorionic gonadotropin treatment. The transcript abundance of several candidate oocyte genes was also increased in B6-HFD- and LY-derived oocytes compared to B6-ND-derived oocytes. These data suggest that increased insulin and leptin levels of obese females elevated circulating progesterone concentrations, altered transcriptional activity during oocyte growth, and/or impaired mechanisms of RNA translation and degradation during oocyte maturation. These changes in mRNA abundance likely contribute to reduced oocyte quality and the subsequent poor embryogenesis associated with obesity. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 735–747, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insulin resistance is associated with skeletal muscle protein breakdown in non-diabetic chronic hemodialysis patients.

Deranged protein metabolism is known to complicate uremia. Insulin resistance is evident in chronic hemodialysis (CHD) patients. We hypothesized that the degree of insulin resistance would predict protein catabolism in non-diabetic CHD patients. We examined the relationship between Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) and fasting whole-body and skeletal muscle protein turnover in 18 non-diabetic CHD patients using primed-constant infusions of L-(1- 13 C) leucine and L-(ring- 2 H 5 ) phenylalanine. Mean±s.d. fasting glucose and body mass index were 80.6±9.8mg/dl and 25.4±4.4kg/m 2 , respectively. Median (interquartile range) HOMA was 1.6 (1.4, 3.9). Mean±s.e.m. skeletal muscle protein synthesis, breakdown, and net balance were 89.57±11.67, 97.02±13.3, and -7.44±7.14 μ g/100ml/min, respectively. Using linear regression, a positive correlation was observed between HOMA and skeletal muscle protein synthesis ( R 2 =0.28; P =0.024), and breakdown ( R 2 =0.49; P =0.001). An inverse association between net skeletal muscle protein balance and HOMA was also noted ( R 2 =0.20; P =0.066). After adjustment for C-reactive protein, only the relationship between HOMA and skeletal muscle protein breakdown persisted ( R 2 =0.49; P =0.006). There were no significant associations between components of whole-body protein turnover and HOMA. This study demonstrates that insulin resistance is evident in non-diabetic dialysis patients, is associated with skeletal muscle protein breakdown, and represents a novel target for intervention in uremic wasting.
Bias-Controlled Tunnel-Pair Logic Circuits

A three-terminal network consisting of two matched tunnel diodes and a fixed resistor is introduced as a basic element for performing peak threshold summation logic. The characteristic between two terminals resembles a tunnel diode curve where application of a signal or bias current to the third terminal causes reduction of the observed peak current. Decrease of this peak current below a fixed load line allows switching from the low- to the high-voltage state for logic-function circuit operation. Such bias-controlled tunnel pairs are shown to be unilateral to a considerable extent (30 db). This is advantageous in logic networks since it allows directional flow of information without the provision of multiphase power supplies or backward diodes, as needed in conventional tunnel diode logic circuits to eliminate back-switching. Circuits are described based on this principle, consisting entirely of tunnel junctions and resistors, for performing OR, MAJORITY, AND and NOR logic. Generalized design equations for circuits with a fan-in of M and a fan-out of N are derived. Test circuits based upon the generalized equations with a fan-in of 9 and a fan-out of 5 were found to operate over a temperature range from ?70° to +60°C. A sample switching speed measurement for an OR gate using 1-ma tunnel diodes and a normal degree of drive showed a 7.5-nsec rise time which was triple that observed with a single tunnel diode under similar conditions.
A HIF-Independent Mediator of Transcriptional Responses to Oxygen Deprivation in Caenorhabditis elegans

The adaptive response to hypoxia is accompanied by widespread transcriptional changes that allow for prolonged survival in low oxygen. Many of these changes are directly regulated by the conserved hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) complex; however, even in its absence, many oxygen-sensitive transcripts in Caenorhabditis elegans are appropriately regulated in hypoxia. To identify mediators of these non-HIF-dependent responses, we established a hif-1 mutant reporter line that expresses GFP in hypoxia or when worms are treated with the hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride (CoCl2). The reporter is selective and HIF independent, in that it remains insensitive to a number of cellular stresses, but is unaffected by mutation of the prolyl hydroxylase egl-9, suggesting that the regulators of this response pathway are different from those controlling the HIF pathway. We used the HIF-independent reporter to screen a transcription factor RNA interference (RNAi) library and identified genes that are required for hypoxia-sensitive and CoCl2-induced GFP expression. We identified the zinc finger protein BLMP-1 as a mediator of the HIF-independent response. We show that mutation of blmp-1 renders animals sensitive to hypoxic exposure and that blmp-1 is required for appropriate hypoxic-induced expression of HIF-independent transcripts. Further, we demonstrate that BLMP-1 is necessary for an increase of hypoxia-dependent histone acetylation within the promoter of a non-HIF-dependent hypoxia response gene.
Rapidly Retargetable Approaches to De-identification in Medical Records

Objective: This paper describes a successful approach to de-identification that was developed to participate in a recent AMIA-sponsored challenge evaluation. Method: Our approach focused on rapid adaptation of existing toolkits for named entity recognition using two existing toolkits, Carafe and LingPipe. Results: The "out of the box" Carafe system achieved a very good score (phrase F-measure of 0.9664) with only four hours of work to adapt it to the de-identification task. With further tuning, we were able to reduce the token- level error term by over 36% through task-specific feature engineering and the introduction of a lexicon, achieving a phrase F-measure of 0.9736. Conclusions: We were able to achieve good performance on the de-identification task by the rapid retargeting of existing toolkits. For the Carafe system, we developed a method for tuning the balance of recall vs. precision, as well as a confidence score that correlated well with the measured F-score. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2007;14:564-573. DOI 10.1197/jamia.M2435.
Genotyping of U.S. Wheat Germplasm for Presence of Stem Rust Resistance Genes Sr24, Sr36 and Sr1RSAmigo

The stem rust resistance genes Sr24, Sr26, Sr36, and Sr1RS Amigo confer resistance to race TTKSK (= Ug99) of Puccinia graminis f. sp. trit- ici Pers. (Pgt). A collection of 776 cultivars and breeding lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from all growing regions of the United States were screened with simple sequence repeat and sequence tagged site markers linked to Sr24, Sr26, Sr36, and Sr1RS Amigo to determine frequencies of these genes in U.S. wheat germ- plasm. Marker effi cacy in predicting the presence of these genes was evaluated via comparison with assayed seedling infection type. Among the lines evaluated, the most predominant gene is Sr24, present in hard winter, hard spring, and soft winter wheat lines. Resistance in soft winter wheat is primarily due to Sr36. The 1RS∙1AL rye translocation carrying Sr1RS Amigo is present at equal frequencies in hard winter and soft win- ter wheat. Utilization of marker-assisted selec- tion for stem rust resistance genes can hasten the development of wheat cultivars resistant to TTKSK and its variants and allow for the devel- opment of resistance gene pyramids for more durable stem rust resistance.
First- and Second-Line Bevacizumab in Addition to Chemotherapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A United States–Based Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Purpose The addition of bevacizumab to fluorouracil-based chemotherapy is a standard of care for previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. Continuation of bevacizumab beyond progression is an accepted standard of care based on a 1.4-month increase in median overall survival observed in a randomized trial. No United States–based cost-effectiveness modeling analyses are currently available addressing the use of bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer. Our objective was to determine the cost effectiveness of bevacizumab in the first-line setting and when continued beyond progression from the perspective of US payers. Methods We developed two Markov models to compare the cost and effectiveness of fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin with or without bevacizumab in the first-line treatment and subsequent fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan with or without bevacizumab in the second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Model robustness was addressed by univariable and probabilist...
Effects of thiols, lithium chloride, and ethoxylated monomers on the frontal polymerization of a triacrylate

Thermal frontal polymerization is a process in which a localized reaction propagates through an unstirred system by the coupling of the thermal diffusion and the Arrhenius kinetics of an exothermic polymerization. With multifunctional acrylates, such as trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA-n), front temperatures can reach 250 °C, resulting in smoke from unreacted peroxide. Addition of a thiol lowers the front temperature and the front velocity due the copolymerization between the thiol and the acrylate, with some formulations not sufficiently reactive to sustain frontal polymerization. The effects of molecular weight per thiol and functionality of thiol on front temperature and velocity were studied in the frontal copolymerization of TMPTA-n/trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate and different thiols. We also investigated the front temperature and velocity for a system containing triacrylate and dodecyl acrylate. Finally, the effects of lithium chloride in the presence of thiol on the front velocity and front temperature were studied. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Advances in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for Drug Discovery.

Background: Drug discovery is a complex and unpredictable endeavor with a high failure rate. Current trends in the pharmaceutical industry have exacerbated these challenges and are contributing to the dramatic decline in productivity observed over the last decade. The industrialization of science by forcing the drug discovery process to adhere to assembly-line protocols is imposing unnecessary restrictions, such as short project timelines. Recent advances in NMR are responding to these self-imposed limitations and are providing opportunities to increase the success rate of drug discovery. Objective/method: A review of recent advancements in NMR technology that have the potential of significantly impacting and benefiting the drug discovery process is presented. These include fast NMR data collection protocols and high-throughput protein structure determination, rapid protein–ligand co-structure determination, lead discovery using fragment-based NMR affinity screens, NMR metabolomics to monitor in vivo effi...
Emerging issues in theory and research on electronic human resource management (eHRM).

Abstract In the past several decades, technology has had a dramatic impact on human resource management (HR) processes and practices. For example, technology, especially the World Wide Web, has helped modify many HR processes including human resource planning, recruitment, selection, performance management, work flow, and compensation. These new systems have enabled HR professionals to provide better service to all of their stakeholders (e.g., applicants, employees, managers), and reduced the administrative burden in the field. Despite the widespread use of these systems, there has been a surprising dearth of theory and research on the topic. As a result, the purpose of this special issue is to (a) advance theory and research on human resource management systems (HRMS) and electronic human resource management (eHRM), (b) offer new directions for research on the topic, and (c) enhance the effectiveness of these systems in organizations. As a result, this article reviews the evolution of HRMS and eHRM, provides a brief overview of the existing literature, and introduces the articles in the special issue.
A path analytic approach to some correlates of students' satisfaction with a computerized management simulation

Student satisfaction, participation, and academic credit were investigated in a junior-level, semester-long management simulation. Self-reported survey data supported the relationship between rewards, student participation, and resulting student satisfaction. Participation was found to affect satisfaction by way of a direct path, as well as through an indirect path via increased academic credit.
Detectability in the card test as a function of the subject's verbal response.

The study compared, in a within-subjects design, the effect on electrodermal responsiveness of the subject affirming, denying, or making no response to questions about the card selected in a laboratory test of deception. Contrary to previous findings, denying that a card had been selected led to greater responsiveness and an increased likelihood of correct detection.
Bureaucratic Adaptation and the Politics of Multiple Principals in Policy Implementation

The phenomenon of competitive sourcing (A-76) recently tested the federal agencies' ability to adapt to a fluid environment. The Bush administration policy of regularized job competitions between government employees and contractors threatened not just agency staffing levels but also the foundation of civil service. As many agencies were neither equipped for competition nor functionally suited to A-76, policy implementation for them became not just a matter of compliance but also management of uncertainties and defending their organizations. Through the lens of organization theory and bureaucratic politics, this article tries to capture the responses of two federal agencies to A-76. Taking the focus away from efficiency of privatization initiatives to the dynamics of agency response to a threatening mandate, this study finds support for previous theories of policy implementation. It likewise contributes to theory by demonstrating the mechanisms of adaptation and compliance given the different organizational attributes and multiple political interests that agencies had to balance in competitive sourcing.
A soft-competitive splitting rule for adaptive tree-structured neural networks

An algorithm for generating tree structured neural networks using a soft-competitive recursive partitioning rule is described. It is demonstrated that this algorithm grows robust, honest estimators. Preliminary results on a 10-class, 240-dimensional optical character recognition classification task show that the tree outperforms backpropagation. Arguments are made that suggest why this should be the case. The connection of the soft-competitive splitting rule to the twoing rule is described. >
Arrested development: early prefrontal lesions impair the maturation of moral judgement

Learning to make moral judgements based on considerations beyond self-interest is a fundamental aspect of moral development. A deficit in such learning is associated with poor socialization and criminal behaviour. The neural systems required for the acquisition and maturation of moral competency are not well understood. Here we show in a unique sample of neurological patients that focal lesions involving ventromedial prefrontal cortex, acquired during development, result in an abnormally egocentric pattern of moral judgement. In response to simple hypothetical moral scenarios, the patients were more likely than comparison participants to endorse self-interested actions that involved breaking moral rules or physically harming others in order to benefit themselves. This pattern (which we also found in subjects with psychopathy) differs from that of patients with adult-onset ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions—the latter group showed normal rejection of egocentric rule violations. This novel contrast of patients with ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions acquired during development versus during adulthood yields new evidence suggesting that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is a critical neural substrate for the acquisition and maturation of moral competency that goes beyond self-interest to consider the welfare of others. Disruption to this affective neural system early in life interrupts moral development.
Calcium channel blockers, cancer incidence, and cancer mortality in a cohort of U.S. women: the nurses' health study.

BACKGROUND Some studies have suggested that the use of calcium channel blockers may increase the risk of cancer. A possible association of the use of calcium channel blockers with cancer incidence and cancer mortality was addressed using data from the Nurses' Health Study. METHODS In this study, a total of 18,635 female nurses reported regularly taking at least 1 of 4 cardiovascular medications in 1988: diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and/or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Cancer incidence and cancer deaths were ascertained until 1994. RESULTS During 6 years of follow-up, 852 women were newly diagnosed with cancer and 335 women died of cancer. Women who reported the use of calcium channel blockers had no increased risk of newly diagnosed cancer compared with those taking other cardiovascular drugs (relative risk = 1.02; 95% CI 0.83-1.26). The relative risk of dying from cancer associated with the self-reported use of calcium channel blockers was 1.25 (95% CI 0.91-1.72). Relative risks were adjusted for the following self-reported factors: age; weight; height; cholesterol level; systolic and diastolic blood pressure; smoking; alcohol intake; physical activity; menopausal status; postmenopausal hormone use; aspirin use; and history of diabetes, cancer, stroke, myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, angina, and hypertension. Regarding site specific cancer incidence and mortality, only lung cancer incidence was somewhat increased (RR = 1.61; 95% CI 0.88-2.96). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest no important increase in overall cancer incidence or cancer mortality related to the self-reported use of calcium channel blockers. Cancer 1998;83:2003-2007. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
Silicon incorporation in LEC growth of single crystal gallium arsenide

Recent reports suggest that melt stoichiometry has a strong effect on silicon dopant incorporation in the LEC growth of GaAs single crystals. Our studies show that melt stoichiometry has no effect on silicon incorporation. Using a low pressure LEC process in a high volume manufacturing environment we routinely grow 2 inch or 3 inch diameter, up to 4 kg, single crystals of Si-doped GaAs with dislocation densities as low as 100 cm-2. Crystals with Si concentrations ranging from 1016 to 1019 cm-3, grown from melts having Ga/As ratios ranging from 0.75 to 1.4 and contained in quartz crucibles, all have a compensation ratio of about 0.5. Contamination of the melt by Si from the quartz crucible as well as removal of Si from the melt by the B2O3 encapsulant must be considered when interpreting Si segregation data. In the course of the work with As-rich melts, the excess As in the melt gave rise to constitutional supercooling resulting in interface breakdown similar to that observed for excess dopants. This is the first time that this phenomena has been reported for melt growth of GaAs single crystals.
Effects of Dry Matter Intake Restriction on Growth Performance and Carcass Merit of Finishing Steers1

Two studies were conducted to determine the effects of restricting DMI on growth performance and carcass merit of finishing steers. In Trial 1, 84 Angus cross steers (BW = 313 ± 7 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three treatment diets that were designed to achieve a 1.6 kg/d ADG at three intake levels: ad libitum, 90% of ad libitum DMI (LF90), or 80% of ad libitum DMI (LF80). In Trial 2, 84 Angus cross steers (BW = 327 ± 20 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two treatment diets that were designed to achieve an ADG of 1.6 kg/d at two intake levels: ad libitum or LF80. All diets delivered similar total NE, metabolizable protein, and P per day. Daily feed delivery (0800 h) for each treatment was determined based on a rolling 5-d average of DMI by steers fed ad libitum. No steers were treated for digestive disorders in either trial, and liver abscess scores
A New Principle in Directional Antenna Design

It is shown that in certain types of directional antenna arrays the gain can be increased by arranging so that waves going from the array elements in the direction of maximum transmission are not strictly in phase at large distances. Three examples are given, an end-fire array and two antennas designed to radiate, as far as possible, only in a horizontal plane. In the case of the end-fire array it is shown that readjustment of any existing antenna according to the ideas proposed here will increase the gain by about 1.8. The other two examples correspond to the kind of directivity generally desired in a broadcast antenna. One of these consists of short antennas placed in concentric rings. A typical array of this type containing 22 short antennas with the radius of the outer ring equal to 1.39λ has a gain of 2.31 as compared with 1.56 for a vertical half-wave antenna. The other example of a horizontally radiating array consists of a single ring of short antennas. An example of this type is calculated which has a gain of 2.0 with a total of 23 antennas placed in a circle with a radius of 1.43λ. These figures are not given as the best that can be done, but only as examples.
Shock Propagation in Non-Uniform Ducts

The most simple problem in shock dynamics is to determine the propagation of a uniform shock wave, i.e., a shock which separates two regions wherein the flow parameters are constant. Such a shock propagates with constant speed so that its path is represented in an (x, t) diagram by a straight line, and, since the entropy change through the shock is constant, only the differential equations for isentropic flow and the mechanical shock conditions need be considered in order to render the problem determinate. In many applications, however, it is necessary to solve problems involving non-uniform shock waves through which the entropy change, in general, is not constant. Since the speed of propagation of such a shock is not constant, its path is represented in an (x, t) diagram by a curve. Because of the entropy changes, the differential equations for non-isentropic flow would have to be solved, and this presents formidable difficulties. Consequently, the development of approximate analytical techniques which will yield the main features of the solution is a highly desirable goal. If the deviations from uniformity are not too large, i.e., if the resultant flows are only weakly non-isentropic, the present theory enables an approximate description to be given rather simply. In order to produce the non-uniform shocks, it is convenient to consider the propagation of initially uniform shock waves in ducts whose cross-sectional areas are made to undergo small variations. Since many of the results for conventional gas dynamic shock waves are contained as special cases of the present work and because of some continuing errors in the contemporary literature, it is of value to give a brief discussion of some of the previous work before explaining the method in detail.
The architecture of speech production and the role of the phoneme in speech processing.

Speech production has been studied within a number of traditions including linguistics, psycholinguistics, motor control, neuropsychology and neuroscience. These traditions have had limited interaction, ostensibly because they target different levels of speech production or different dimensions such as representation, processing or implementation. However, closer examination of reveals a substantial convergence of ideas across the traditions and recent proposals have suggested that an integrated approach may help move the field forward. The present article reviews one such attempt at integration, the state feedback control (SFC) model and its descendent, the hierarchical SFC model. Also considered is how phoneme-level representations might fit in the context of the model.
The reverse-interference effect: A reexamination of the interference theory of forgetting

Burns (1989) first observed the reverse-interference effect when investigating the effects of transfer specific (A-B, A-C) paired associate learning on long term retention. He demonstrated that free recall of the critical-list response terms was better in the interference condition than in the control condition. This reversal of the traditional interference effect is referred to as the reverse-interference effect. Burns proposed a processing tradeoff explanation to account for both the traditional interference effect and the reverse-interference effect. The series of experiments presented here examine two proposed accounts of the reverse-interference effect, the processing tradeoff account and the list-length account proposed by Hirshman, Burns, and Kuo (1993). In addition, three other explanations for the reverse-interference effect were also investigated. The results of the seven experiments reported here demonstrate that the reverse-interference effect is a robust phenomenon that cannot be explained by current accounts.
Managing a Correctional Marketplace: Prison Privatization in the United States and the United Kingdom

This paper traces the recent history and development of privately operated prisons in the United States and the United Kingdom, and it compares their current role in the countries' correctional systems. The privatization movements of the U.S. and the U.K. were driven by similar factors, but the relative weight of these factors varied between the two. In the U.S., legal pressures to alleviate prison overcrowding and fiscal incentives to contract out prison construction were stronger, while in the U.K. the ideological and political aims of the governing party exerted more influence in stimulating privatization. America's experience with private prisons in the 1980s set an important precedent for Britain, but the U.K. ultimately adopted a different model of privatization. Although results are not conclusive to date, it appears the British model of regulating private prisons - with highly prescriptive contracts, multiple levels of monitoring, and output-based evaluations - has yielded superior performance from the private sector. Better designed regulatory frameworks would allow both countries to realize more of the potential benefits of private prisons while minimizing the possibilities for abuse.
Disruption of protein tyrosine phosphate homeostasis in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to oil fly ash

Residual oil fly ash (ROFA) is a toxic air pollutant that we have previously shown induces inflammatory mediator expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. To identify intracellular signaling mechanisms activated by ROFA, we studied its effect on protein tyrosine phosphate metabolism in the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS. Noncytotoxic levels of ROFA induced significant dose- and time-dependent increases in protein tyrosine phosphate levels in BEAS cells. ROFA-induced increases in protein phosphotyrosines were associated with its soluble fraction and were mimicked by vanadyl [V(IV)]- and vanadate [V(V)]-containing solutions. Ferrous, ferric, and nickel (II) ion solutions failed to increase phosphotyrosine levels. Tyrosine phosphatase activity, which was known to be inhibited by vanadium ions, was markedly diminished after ROFA treatment. Tyrosine kinase activity was unaffected. We conclude that ROFA exposure induces vanadium ion-mediated inhibition of tyrosine phosphatase activity, leading to accumulation of protein phosphotyrosines in BEAS cells. These findings demonstrate that ROFA exposure disrupts protein tyrosine phosphate homeostasis in BEAS cells and suggest a possible mechanism that leads to increased synthesis of proinflammatory proteins in airway epithelial cells exposed to PM10.
An approach to the epidemiology of childhood injuries

Injury epidemiology is summarized and important concepts such as injury versus accident, the agent-host-environment model, level of severity, morbidity versus mortality, and definitions of rates are considered. The authors suggest steps needed to improve the understanding of injury epidemiology and to remove barriers to the acceptance of injury prevention as a recognized field of study and clinical practice.
Interaction of Slip with Grain Boundary in the L12 Ordered Structure - a Σ = 9 Tilt Boundary

The role of slip/grain boundary interaction in intergranular fracture has been analyzed for a Σ = 9 tilt boundary in L12 ordered alloys by use of the anisotropic elasticity theory of dislocations and fracture. Screw superpartials cross slip easily at the boundary onto the (111) and the (001) planes for low and high temperatures, respectively. Transmission of primary slip dislocations onto the conjugate slip system occurs with some difficulty, which is eased by localized disordering. Unless a symmetric double pile-up occurs simultaneously, cleavage fracture is predicted to occur on the (111) plane, not intergranular fracture. Absorption (or emission) of superpartials occurs only when the boundary region is disordered. The inherent weakness of grain boundaries in Ni3AI and its improvement by boron segregation are discussed.
Its a New Method for Computer Application Development and Prototyping

Perhaps the one thing that user interface designers most want is tools that will help them (a) quickly visualize their work; (b) carry it out more efficiently and faster; and (c) do iterative design; and (d) allow them to do more work without the need of programmers. An on-going research project (called ITS) is responding to these challenges by developing software tools for user interface and application development, together with providing a run-time environment for application execution. There are four key concepts. First, ITS separates the style of an application from the content of an application. Human-computer interface styles are general, rule-based, under parameter control, and designed to handle a variety of applications. Second, ITS envisions four general work roles in application design and development: content experts, content programmers, style experts, and style programmers. Third, end users do four operations: make choices, fill in forms, manipulate lists, and read information blocks. Fourt...
Low Temperature Film Growth by Supersonic Jets of CBr4

Carbon ion (C+) irradiation during molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of GaAs/GaAs and in0.53.Ga0.47As/InP layers was carried out using CIBMBE (combined ion beam and molecular beam epitaxy) method as a function of wide acceleration energy (Ea=30 eV-30 keV) at a constant ion beam current density. Judging from the monitored current density and the net hole concentration (INA-ND|) obtained from Hall effect measurements, activation rate as high as 88% was achieved for as-grown GaAs layers by C+ ion irradiation of Ea=~170eV. It was revealed that by annealing at 800°C, a slight enhancement (~ 10%) of INA-ND| is practiced for Ea 130eV but a significant increase of INA-ND| is realized for Ea>~lkeV. IN in0.53Ga0.47As/InP layers with increasing Ea, a type conversion of electric conduction from n to p was found to occur at Ea= ~70~100eV. these observations describe that Ea plays a vital role to determine the location of incorporated electrical and optical active impurities in GaAs and inGaAs. Further for comparison, C+-implanted GaAs layers were prepared by high-energy (400 keV) ion-implantation as a function of substrate temperature (T1=RT-600 °C). For C dose concentration of lxl018cm-3\ the highest activation rate of ~20 % was obtained at T1=~150 °C. This result states that CIBMBE method is a superior doping method in view of activation rate of introduced dopants and the formation of damage-free ion-irradiated layers.
US variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: histological lesions and genetic characterization

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was first recognized in pigs in the United States (US) in May 2013. Since then, the virus has spread to over 30 states and caused significant economic losses in the US swine industry due to the high mortality in newborn piglets less than 2 weeks of age. A mild-variant strain OH851 of PEDV in the US was first reported in January 2014. Here, we report histological changes in the small intestines of five piglets infected with the variant strain OH851 of PEDV. The lesions observed were milder, compared to the US classical strain of PEDV. Our study, for the first time, reports the histological lesions caused by the variant PEDV OH851 strain from a field case. In addition, genomic characterization demonstrated that US variant PEDV is more closely related to European-like strains in the first 1170 nt of the 5′ spike gene but to US classical PEDV strains in the remaining genome, suggesting that the variant PEDV strain may derive from a recombinant event between the US classical and European-like PEDV strains.
On the origin of pristane in marine organisms

Phytol-U-(14)C was adsorbed on algae and ingested in this form by zooplanktonic copepods (two species of Calanus). The lipids of these animals were analyzed after 48 hr and found to contain radioactive pristane and radioactive phytanic acid. The conversion of phytol to pristane by the copepods is interpreted as a likely biological source of pristane in nature.
Studies on synergistic infections. I. Experimental infections with anaerobic streptococci.

from a variety of suppurative and gangrenous conditions. Meleney (1931) was able to produce experimental spreading infections in rabbits and dogs by the subcutaneous injection of mixtures of a microaerophilic streptococcus and a hemolytic staphylococcus which he had recovered from a human case of postoperative synergistic gangrene. Even if double the inoculum of each organism was injected alone, however, only localized lesions developed. To the contrary, Macdonald et al (1954, 1956) concluded that oral anaerobic streptococci, isolated from the exudate of human suppurative periodontitis, were not a necessary component of experimental "fusospirochetal" infections initiated by such exudates. As to the pathogenic capabilities of anaerobic streptococci alone, the reports in the literature vary widely. Prevot (1925) recorded that all of the recognized species were capable of producing suppurative and gangrenous lesions. On the other hand, Colebrook and Hare (1933) tested seven strains derived from the human vagina
Effect of pH on the Kinetics of Crystal Growth by Oriented Aggregation

The kinetics of oriented aggregation are sensitive to solution conditions, including pH. Decreasing the difference between solution pH and the point of zero net proton charge results in an increasing second-order rate constant for nonclassical crystal growth by oriented aggregation. Results are discussed in the context of Derjaguin and Landau, Verwey and Overbeek (DLVO) theory through the use of quantitative statistical comparisons. The magnitude of the increase depends on the primary particle size; however, the magnitude and trend in size dependence deviate from predictions based on DLVO theory. Oriented aggregation occurs in a wide array of important materials often resulting in nanocrystals with unique, anisotropic, and symmetry-defying morphologies. The growth of acicular goethite (α- FeOOH) was used as a model system for this research. Transmission electron microscopy with time-resolved sampling was employed using semiautomated image analysis to quantify the rate constant for growth by oriented aggre...
New Agarics from Florida

Pileus convex to expanded with broad umbo, scattered, about 5 cm. broad; surface smooth, glabrous, white or slightly yellow, margin at first incurved, undulate or somewhat lobed, even, concolorous; context to 4 mm. thick, white, unchanging, bitter, with anise odor; lamellae arched, 4 mm. broad, crowded, inserted, decurrent, entire, thin, white, unchanging, not fimbriate; spores ovoid, smooth, hyaline, obliquely apiculate, uniguttulate, about 5-6 X 2.53 fx; stipe solid, firm, slightly enlarged above and below, smooth, white, glabrous, about 5 X 0.4?0.5 cm.
Vasilii Grossman: A cosmopolitan writer depicts the murder of the Jewish people

This essay identifies and explains intellectual influences in Soviet Jewish writer Vasilii Grossman’s representation of the Holocaust. In his 1943 essay ‘Ukraine without Jews’, Grossman described murdered Jewry as a people defined by their unique culture, history and experience of World War II. An unpublished diary of Grossman’s reading notes from the 1930s provides fragmentary evidence of his pre-war ideas about Jewish people and history. Using a microhistorical approach, Grossman’s reading notes citing Johann Gottfried von Herder in 1938 are interpreted as clues that help explain the content of ‘Ukraine without Jews’, written five years later. This essay shows that Grossman was a cosmopolitan thinker who derived some of his ideas about Jewish history from European thinkers, and that these ideas influenced his depiction of the Jewish victims of Nazi genocide.
Treatment of hypoplastic anemia in mice with placental transplants

A genetic mutation in mice (W/Wv) causes an autosomal recessive disease characterized by hypoplastic anemia which lasts throughout life. Double- dominant W/Wv anemic mice were sublethally irradiated to facilitate repopulation of marrow with transplanted cells and were injected intravenously with suspensions of 5–10 million placental cells of 15 days gestation derived from normal, isogeneic donors. Red cell counts fell promptly after irradiation and then rose progressively over a period of weeks, reaching normal levels of the nonmutant. Mean corpuscular volume and hemoglobin electrophoresis patterns of red cells in recipient W/Wv mice resembled those of normal donor animals. The therapeutic effect lasted for the duration of the observation period, in some instances over 9 mo. W/Wv mice that were administered Hanks' solution or fetal blood, instead of placental transplants, remained anemic. Late gestation placentas (18 days) were also ineffective.
Experiment on underwater movement characteristics of dam-break closure component

To study the underwater movement characteristics of the dambreak closure component and the influence of the factors such as the throwing method,generalized throwing model experiments were conducted in the glass flume using various dam-break closure components.About thirty experiment cases in five aspects including shapes,densities,flow velocities,throwing methods and muzzle velocity were carried out.According to the data of the experiments,the underwater movement characteristics of the dam-break closure in different cases were analyzed and compared.The results indicate that the hollow dam-break closure component of the mezzo density is the better modality,and that the throwing method,which can decrease the horizontal and vertical backup water moving area,is propitious to the sinking movement,and can reduce the distance of excursion.
High frequency oscillatory ventilation in treatment of hyaline membrane diseases

Objective To investigate and evaluate the application and safety of high frequency oscillatory ventilation in the treatment of neonates with hyaline membrane disease (HMD).Methods 43 neonates with HMD were treated by conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), respectively. The clinical outcome and blood gas analysis were compared in two groups.Results 7 of 18 cases were cured in CMV group (38.8 %) ,17 of 25 cases in HFOV group (68.0 %) cured respectively (P0.05). In HFOV group, more rapidly decreased PaCO 2 combined with increased PO 2 and less complications were found compared with CMV group.Conclusion Based on our information, we believed that HFOV could be more useful and safe in treatment of neonates with HMD.
Simultaneous Surgical Management of Bilateral Hypernephroma: An Alternative Therapy

AbstractHerein are reported 2 cases of bilateral hypernephroma treated by simultaneous bilateral partial nephrectomy. One patient died of a myocardial infarction 3 years postoperatively and the other is well 30 months postoperatively. Bilateral partial nephrectomy is proposed as an alternative to bilateral nephrectomy and homotransplantation.
Anomalous water expulsion from carbon-based rods at high humidity

Carbon-based rods can adsorb water at low humidity and release it at high humidity through a reversible physical process that is associated with the dynamic spacing between rods.
Facebook demetricator 2012-present

Networks---especially social networks and news aggregators on the internet, such as Facebook, Vine, Twitter, YouTube, DIGG, and others---rely on numbers to rank and catalog content and status. People interacting online are now using these numbers as a form of "social currency" to rate each other based on how many friends they have, how many "likes" they earn on their Facebook and Instagram posts, and how many votes of approval they need to sell more products on sites like eBay, Amazon, and Etsy. Illinois-based artist Benjamin Grosser takes these numbers and metrics as a critical starting point: recognizing the self-perpetuating system of numericizing online activity (friends, "likes," comments, votes, etc.), he decided to create an antidote.
Big Business and the Politics of Wealth Defense: the Case of Ukrainian Oligarchs

What political strategies do the so-called business oligarchs in modern developing countries pursue to succeed in a turbulent environment? Is the instrumental power of big business more effective than its structural power in protecting the asset value against shocks such as populist revolutions or authoritarian takeovers? These questions form the center of a broad research program on the politics of extreme wealth stratification. However, systematic individual-level data on the super-wealthy has been notably absent from the literature. In this paper, I present a unique original database of 177 Ukrainian oligarchs. Rather than extrapolating from select cases, I examine the full cohort of the wealthiest elite members from 2006 to 2012. Rather than juxtaposing the winners with the losing public or a dictator, I explore the dynamics of intra-oligarchic competition. Theoretically, I propose a new logic of flexibility to understand oligarchic behavior. This logic stresses adaptability and deniability, in contra...
Spatiotemporal Novelty Detection Using Resonance Networks.

We present a single-layer recurrent neural network that implements novelty detection for spatiotemporal patterns. The architecture is based on the structure of region CA3 in the hippocampus, which is believed to implement this function. Through analysis and numerical simulation we generate theorems that constrain the operation of this network. We show that once a pattern has been encoded, it will never be miscategorized as novel. We also show that the upper bound on the network capacity is equal to the number of connections. We discuss the tradeoff between generalization and total performance in the architecture.
mSphereDirect: Author-Initiated Peer Review of Manuscripts.

A little over 1 year ago, the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) launched mSphere as an open-access, online, pan-microbial sciences journal. We established two major goals: publish cutting-edge science and implement policies and processes to make the publication experience less onerous for
Effect of Viewing Angle on 3D Multiple Object Tracking

Multiple object tracking (MOT) has been used extensively in studies on visual attention and working memory in a dynamic environment. However, the majority of MOT research findings have been collect...
Flexible granulocyte colony-stimulating factor dosing in ovarian cancer patients who receive dose-intense taxol therapy

TOTOXIC CHEMOTHERAPY regimens used in cancer therapy are often associated with substantial hematopoietic toxicity. Fever and neutropenia (F+N+) are major morbidities that result, and the patient suffers an increased risk of life-threatening infection and prolonged hospitalization. In addition, neutropenia can limit the doses of effective therapy administered. Shortening the length and severity of neutropenia can have major benefits to patients by reducing the risk of infection and perhaps by increasing the amount of chemotherapy that can be administered per unit time. The advent of recombinant DNA technology has allowed the cloning and production of a number of colonystimulating factors for clinical use that can potentially ameliorate much of the hematopoietic toxicity associated with cytotoxic therapy.' In humans, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) stimulates the production of functional neutrophils that are protective against infection, and it is safe and effective when administered by either intravenous or subcutaneous routes.2 G-CSF, in conjunction with anticancer chemotherapy, is effective in stimulating granulopoiesis and decreasing the frequency of episodes of F+N+.3-5 G-CSF was used as an adjuvant with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (M-VAC) chemotherapy for bladder cancer.6 In this setting, G-CSF decreased the length c
Memory Mambo de Achy Obejas: Un paso adelante más allá del guión

Este ensayo analiza como Memory Mambo (1996), la novela debut de Achy Obejas, desarticula conceptualizaciones binarias alrededor de la nocion de indentidades con guion (v.g. cubana-americana). Esta desarticulacion se lleva a cabo en un plano linguistico por un lado, y a nivel tematico estructural por el otro. Al mismo tiempo, la titular importancia del mambo, como genero musical y como metafora cultural, tiene el efecto de movilizar las memorias narradas, dejando espacio para concordancias y disonancias que sobrepasan los bordes de las dos culturas (la cubana en el exilio y la estadounidense) que informan y atraviesan la novela. Ademas, el presente articulo explora como el imaginario narrativo de Obejas propone nueves formas de ser y estar para las nuevas generaciones diasporicas de Estados Unidos. (Ensayo ganador del Annual FemUn—Feministas Unidas Prize for Graduate Student Essay, submitted 2014).