cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of Time-Space Duality to Temporal Cloaking

We utilize time-lens technology based on parametric four-wave mixing to create a short temporal gap in a light beam that can allow for one dimensional cloaking of an event.
Uphill Battle: Reflections on Viet Nam Counterinsurgency

Despite more than forty years of scholarship and a staggering number of works produced on the Second Indochina War, the war in the countryside, also known as the other war in Vietnam, remains the l...
Who is an effective investor of promoting firm's innovation,VC or PE?

By manually gathering the innovation data of information technology and bio- medical firms listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Markets,this paper studies the effect of VC and PE on firm's innovation input. The study finds that VC is an effective investor that can promote firm's innovation input of IPO's previous year,while the relationship between PE and firm's innovation input is not obvious,and that both the early entry and the incubation time of VC and PE have a significantly positive influence on firm's innovation input. Further analysis reveals that VC and PE constitute an effective joint investment to enhance firm's innovation input; in addition,the above factors have no significant effect on firm's innovation input of the IPO year.
Analysis on Utilization of Luminous Efficiency in a New Rice Variety Liaoxing 1

The New Rice Variety Liaoxing 1,with high eurytopicity has higher photosynthesis rate,higher stoma conductance,higher SPAD,higher ingather quotiety than other largely planted varieties in Liaoning Province,when planted in the rice area from 39°N to 43°N.Different from other varieties,when planted in four spots in different latitudes,the yield components of Liaoxing 1 change little and so it keeps higher yield level.
Epidural Opioids for Postoperative Pain

Abstract Epidural opioids provide effective analgesia for postoperative pain. We discuss the use of both single-dose and continuous infusion for analgesia. In addition, the side effects of epidural opioids are described.
Sums of divisors functions and Bessel function series

Abstract On page 335 in his lost notebook, Ramanujan recorded without proofs two identities involving finite trigonometric sums and doubly infinite series of Bessel functions. These two identities are intimately connected with the classical circle and divisor problems, respectively. There are three possible interpretations for the double series of these identities. The first identity has been proved under all three interpretations, and the second under two of them. Furthermore, several analogues of them were established, and they were extended to Riesz sum identities as well. In this paper, we provide analogous Riesz sum identities for the weighted sums of divisors functions, and in particular two of them yield a generalization of the Riesz sum identity for r 6 ( n ) , where r 6 ( n ) denotes the number of representations of n as a sum of six squares.
Latent Inhibition of Contextual Stimuli Reduces the US Preexposure Effect in Rats

Two experiments are reported which utilized latent inhibition of contextual stimuli prior to administering unsignaled presentations of the Us in an attempt to further assess the role of contextual stimuli in the US preexposure effect. Specifically in Experiment 1, rats received either 0-, 5-, 10-, or 15-minute exposure to the context in which the unsignaled Uss were to occur (latent inhibition). Following preexposure to the US, animals were trained in a CER paradigm with a tone CS. Measures of suppression to the tone indicated that the greatest US preexposure effect occurred in the 0 group and that no US preexposure effect was evident in the 15 group. Experiment 2 includec two important control groups which were omitted in Experiment 1 (no US preexposures) and an additional dependent variable (time to initiate licking) to measure fear to contextual stimuli. These results are discussed in terms of the role context conditioning may play in US preexposure.
IFNγ Licensed Human Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Inhibit T Cell Cytokine Production by a Mechanism Independent of Indoleamine 2 3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Activity

Abstract Abstract 1255 Human Bone marrow derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) inhibit activation-mediated T cell proliferation. This functional interaction serves nearly universally as a surrogate assay for immune suppressive activity and potency of MSCs in vitro. However the role of MSCs in inhibiting T cell function, cytokine production in particular, has not been investigated thoroughly. In the present study we have compared resting MSCs with IFNγ licensed MSCs for their ability to inhibit activated T cell function such as cytokine secretion and degranulation through intracellular cytokine staining assays. PBMCs cocultured with resting or inflammatory cytokine licensed MSCs were stimulated with the super antigen Stephylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) for 12–14hours in the presence of Brefeldin A. Intracellular cytokine staining was performed on the T cells to detect the Interferon gamma (IFNγ), Tumor Necrosis Alpha (TNFα) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2). Our results demonstrate that resting MSCs do not inhibit T cell cytokine secreting function. However, IFNγ and IFNγ plus TNFα licensed MSCs dose dependently inhibit IFNγ secretion by T cells. Our results also show that IFNγ and IFNγ plusTNFα licensed MSCs not only inhibit cytokine secretion but also inhibit dregranulation of activated T cells. Boolean gating analysis demonstrates that IFNγ and IFNγ plusTNFα licensed MSCs inhibit triple cytokine producing highly inflammatory IFNγ +TNFα +IL2+T cells. Phenotypic analysis of MSCs demonstrates that IFNγ licensing upregulate indoleamine 2 3-dioxygenase (IDO) and B7-H1. Blocking of IDO activity with 1-Methyl D,L Tryptophan (1MT) will abolish MSC-mediated blockade of T cell proliferation. However, 1MT does not reverse the MSC blockade of T cell cytokine secretion. Phenotypical analysis of T cells demonstrate that PD1+ cells are inhibited while PD1- cells are not inhibited suggesting the role of B7-H1 and PD-1 inhibitory pathway is involved in the inhibitory potential of IFNγ licensed MSCs. Interestingly, the inhibitory potential of IFNγ licensed MSCs has been observed only with the SEB stimulation but not with anti-CD3, CD28 stimulation. This suggests that MHC-TCR interaction is necessary for the inhibitory effect of IFNγ licensed MSCs. Our results demonstrate the superiority of IFNγ licensed MSCs in inhibiting multiple cytokine producing T cell function independent of IDO activity. Our results also provide the rationale for use of IFNγ licensed MSCs in autologous immunosuppressive cell therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Enhancing the Communication Spectrum in Collaborative Virtual Environments

The importance of interpersonal and group communication has been studied and recognized for thousands of years. With recent technological advances, humans have enabled remote interaction through shared virtual spaces; however, research is still needed to develop methods for expressing many important non-verbal communication cues. Our work explores the methods for enhancing the communication spectrum in collaborative virtual environments. Our primary contribution is a machine learning framework that maps human facial data to avatars in the virtual world. We developed a synthetic training process to create labeled data to alleviate the burden of manual annotation. Additionally, we describe a collaborative virtual environment that can utilize both verbal and non-verbal cues for improved user communication and interaction. Finally, we present results demonstrating the success of our method in a sample collaborative scenario.
The Evolution of Economic Ideas

(1979). The Evolution of Economic Ideas. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 790-792.
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis does not break E. coli chromosome undergoing excision repair after UV irradiation.

We showed before that long linear DNA molecules containing single-strand interruptions and undergoing pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) tend to break into subfragments (electrophoretic nick instability). Here we show that circular chromosomal DNA with single-strand interruptions remains in the wells during PFGE. This means that the presence of nicks in immobile circular DNA is not enough to break this DNA during PFGE. In other words, under the conditions of our study, the artifactual conversion of nicks into double-strand breaks that we detect in linear DNA does not contribute to the overall level of chromosomal fragmentation, as measured by PFGE.
Teaching and practice patterns of lateral osteotomies for rhinoplasty

Abstract Purpose Lateral osteotomies are important during rhinoplasty and represent a challenging technique that otolaryngology and plastic surgery trainees must learn. The approaches for osteotomies are difficult to teach as they are accomplished through tactile feedback. Trends in teaching and practice patterns of lateral osteotomies are poorly described in the literature, and this study aims to fill this knowledge gap. Materials and methods Members of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery were surveyed to characterize surgeon preferences for intranasal versus percutaneous lateral osteotomies and understand how techniques are taught. Results Among surgeons who completed the survey (n = 172), 87% reported that they “always” or “mostly” use intranasal lateral osteotomies whereas only 8% “always” or “mostly” use percutaneous approaches. There is no significant trend towards changing osteotomy techniques when teaching trainees. Only 15% of respondents allow trainees to perform lateral osteotomies in more than half of operations. Conclusions Most facial plastic surgeons prefer to use intranasal lateral osteotomies. However, many do not allow trainees to perform this critical step during rhinoplasty. This study has implications for both patient care and surgical education.
Creating 3D models of tractor tire footprints using close-range digital photogrammetry

Abstract Close-range digital photogrammetry is utilized to construct the 3D models of an agricultural tire footprint. These models were then analyzed to obtain the tire footprint depth, area and volume. The procedure of using the photogrammetry technique for developing 3D models of a tire footprint on soil as well as an assessment of the accuracy of the 3D models are discussed in this paper. Testing was conducted using a tractor tire in a large soil bin in a lab to generate a single tire footprint along with a rolling tire test to simulate a longer tire rut. Our experiments showed that the close-range digital photogrammetry provides an efficient and accurate method to assess the depth and volume of the tire footprint in soil.
Depressive Symptoms During Adolescence Predict Adulthood Obesity Among Black Females

This study aimed to investigate gender differences in the association between baseline depressive symptoms and subsequent changes in obesity in a sample of urban Black youth in the USA. The current study followed 681 Black youth (335 male and 346 female) for up to 18 years from 1994 to 2012. All youth were selected from an economically disadvantaged urban area in MI, USA. The main independent variable was baseline depressive symptoms measured in 1994. The main outcome was change in body mass index (BMI) from 1999 to 2012, calculated based on self-reported height and weight. Scio-demographics (age, number of parents in the household, and parental employment) were covariates. Gender was the focal moderator. We used linear regressions to test the predictive role of baseline depressive symptoms on change in BMI (from 1999 to 2012) in the pooled sample, and also based on gender. Among Black females, but not Black males, baseline depressive symptoms predicted the BMI change from 1999 to 2012. The association remained significant for Black females after controlling for covariates. High depressive symptoms at baseline better predict BMI change over the next decade for female than male Black youth. As a result, detection and reduction of depressive symptoms may be a vital element of obesity prevention programs for Black females. Policies and programs that address determinants of psychological distress as a strategy to prevent obesity among female Black youth in disadvantaged neighborhoods may be especially useful.
Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Autonomous Policy Decision-Making: A Crisis in International Relations Theory?

Theories of international relations may soon confront a crisis of explanative power. This crisis emerges from a shift in how policymakers determine policy decisions to effectuate outcomes consistent with global policy objectives. International relations theory is a composite of heterodox traditions many of which are in disagreement but nonetheless share a common objective: the explanation of human decision-making under certain conditions. The emergence of information technologies has inundated policymakers with data derived from tracking, recording, and analyzing information technology user behavior. This data deluge has spawned new data analysis techniques and technologies leveraged when making and automating policy decisions. Automated systems are consequential actors in global politics. International relations theory must account for the agentive capacity of automated systems through reflexivity.
What’s Good for George Sánchez Is Good for Boyle Heights: Regenerative Scholarship, Urban Racism, Gentrification, and East LA Interchange

The inclusive ideals of George Sanchez have helped shape a new generation of academics who have promoted connections with nonacademic organizations. This article discusses how Sanchez has continued these efforts through his pivotal contributions to an award-winning documentary focusing on the multiethnic, working-class community of Boyle Heights: Betsy Kalin’s film East LA Interchange (2015). East LA Interchange ’s greatest contribution to the generative scholarship Sanchez emphasizes is its critical analysis of modern urban problems, utilizing history as a tool for social change. The story of Boyle Heights is not just a history of a single working-class community with a diverse culture. It is also a tale of a neighborhood trying to solve real world problems such as gentrification, unaffordable housing, community displacement, and urban pollution. The film portrays these difficulties in the present while showing that they originated decades ago. Sanchez and East LA Interchange are at their best when they provide the historical contexts of contemporary problems, emphasizing that history is not only the study of the past. Rather, history is the unending dialogue between the past, present, and future, and any significant discourse on today’s urban ills must be rooted in the past. For students and others interested in the diverse communities common in many US metropolitan regions, East LA Interchange has much to offer regarding the issues of immigration, redlining, deed restrictions, political activism, freeway construction, living with racially and ethnically diverse community members, and the nationwide problem of gentrification. These themes, especially gentrification, are the primary focus of this article.
Vittaria graminifolia (Pteridaceae) and Didymoglossum petersii (Hymenophyllaceae) in Broxton Rocks, GA

Abstract We report on the occurrence of independent gametophytes of Didymoglossum petersii and both gametophytes and sporophytes of Vittaria graminifolia in the Broxton Rocks Preserve of southern Georgia. This is the first time sporophytes of V. graminifolia have been observed in the United States. In order to unambiguously identify both taxa, we extracted DNA for each. In the case of V. graminifolia, we used BLAST to compare our results to sequences in GenBank for two plastid loci (rbcL and rpoA) to determine its affinities. Because there are no GenBank data for D. petersii, it was necessary to collect an additional specimen of this species for comparison in a phylogenetic analysis. Results confirm the identity of each specimen and provide insight into the biogeographic history of D. petersii.
Dissecting protein complexes in branching microtubule nucleation using meiotic xenopus egg extracts

The mitotic spindle is the microtubule-based apparatus that reliably segregates chromosomes during cell division. Recently, it was discovered that microtubules originate within the mitotic spindle by nucleating off of existing spindle microtubules. This mechanism, termed branching microtubule nucleation, allows the efficient amplification of microtubules while preserving their original polarity as required in the spindle. Three molecular players are known to be involved in this process, namely, the protein TPX2, the protein complex augmin, and the gamma-tubulin ring complex; however, little is known about the assembly of the protein complexes. Here, we use the eight-subunit augmin complex as an example of how to dissect the function and assembly of a protein complex using meiotic Xenopus egg extracts. Specifically, immunodepletion combined with total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is used to identify the role of the protein complex. In parallel, immunoprecipitation (IP) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) are used to infer how it is assembled. This approach can be applied to investigate the assembly of other multisubunit protein complexes that function in branching microtubule nucleation and mitotic spindle assembly.
Magnetic resonance elastography: Status of clinical applications

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an imaging technology that has been available as an FDA-cleared upgrade to MRI systems since 2009. Worldwide, MRE technology has been installed on approximately 1000 MRI systems. In October 2017, the AMA approved the creation of a CPT code for MRE. In MRE, propagating shear waves in the range of 30–300 Hz are generated in tissue, and imaged with a phase contrast MRI technique. The wave images are processed with an inversion algorithm to generate cross-sectional images quantitatively depicting the complex shear modulus of tissue. The main application of MRE is currently in noninvasive diagnosis of chronic liver disease. Published studies have established the MRE is the most accurate and technically successful non-invasive modality for diagnosing liver fibrosis. Many other promising applications of MRE are being explored by investigators around the world, including assessment of diseases of the brain, heart, lung, and muscle and tumors of breast, liver, prostate, liver, and other organs. The new applications that closest adoption in clinical practice are (1) assessment of brain disease and (2) advanced diagnosis of liver disease. These new applications require acquisition sequences and processing algorithms that are more advanced than the current product MRE techniques.Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an imaging technology that has been available as an FDA-cleared upgrade to MRI systems since 2009. Worldwide, MRE technology has been installed on approximately 1000 MRI systems. In October 2017, the AMA approved the creation of a CPT code for MRE. In MRE, propagating shear waves in the range of 30–300 Hz are generated in tissue, and imaged with a phase contrast MRI technique. The wave images are processed with an inversion algorithm to generate cross-sectional images quantitatively depicting the complex shear modulus of tissue. The main application of MRE is currently in noninvasive diagnosis of chronic liver disease. Published studies have established the MRE is the most accurate and technically successful non-invasive modality for diagnosing liver fibrosis. Many other promising applications of MRE are being explored by investigators around the world, including assessment of diseases of the brain, heart, lung, and muscle and tumors of breast, liver, prostate, liv...
Emerging glycobiology tools: A renaissance in accessibility

The glycobiology of the immune response is a topic that has garnered increased attention due to a number of key discoveries surrounding IgG function, the specificity of some broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibodies, cancer immunoregulation by galectin molecules and others. This review is the opening article in a Special Edition of Cellular Immunology focused on glycoimmunology, and has the goal of setting the context for these articles by providing a mini-review of how glycans impact immunity. We also focus on some of the technological and methodological advances in the field of glycobiology that are being deployed to lower the barrier of entry into the glycosciences, and to more fully interrogate the glycome and its function.
Sound effects without side effects—Suppression of artifacts in audio signal processing

Sound effects processes intending one production outcome can too often be accompanied by unwanted side effects. Signal processing strategies have evolved in popular music production that preserve a producer’s sonic goals while suppressing these artifacts. The solutions found can be surprising and frequently have no analog in all-acoustic music creation and presentation. Sound effects with these built-in defense mechanisms become studio-only creations, effects for loudspeaker mediated art only.
Culture and Intelligence in Infancy

Intelligence means many things to many people, but it is above all a Western cultural concept that has been incorporated into the language and theory of the social sciences. The continued usefulness of this term as currently conceptualized has been seriously called into question (Kamin, 1975; Lewis, 1976). Whether the debate on the existence, nature, and measurement of intelligence is conceived as a scientific, ethical, or political question (Cronbach, 1975; Samelson, 1979), it is also predominantly a debate embedded in American* cultural beliefs and social institutions. Gaining an understanding of the origins of our questions and preliminary theories is an important first step toward an understanding of intelligence. A comparative methodology becomes a necessary prerequisite to provide a perspective from which to view those questions.
Evolution of New Degradative Functions for Halogenated Aromatics

The Pseudomonas putida plasmid pAC25 specifies an inducible 3-chlorobenzoic acid degradation pathway. 3-iodobenzoic acid is a poor substrate and fails to induce the enzymes of this pathway, even though 3-fluorobenzoic acid and 3-bromobenzoic acid can both serve as inducers and are good substrates. Through chemostatic selection we have isolated a derivative of pAC25 with altered regulation and substrate specificity such that 3-iodobenzoic acid can now serve as a sole carbon and energy source.
Digestion criteria in nursing beef calves supplemented with limited levels of protein and energy.

This study was conducted with grazing nursing calves (197 kg) to determine the effects of 1) limiting creep feed intake and 2) increasing the concentration of ruminal escape CP in creep feed at a limited level of creep feed intake on fescue and milk intake, ruminal NDF digestion, and total tract digestibility in calves fed high-quality, freshly harvested fescue. The treatments were 1) control (no creep feed), 2) limited intake of creep feed (.60 kg/d) having a moderate concentration of CP (13%), 3) limited intake of creep feed (.60 kg/d) having a high concentration of CP (35%), and 4) unlimited (high) intake (1.62 kg/d) of the same creep feed fed in Treatment 2. Forage OM intake was negatively correlated (r = -.995, P less than .05) with level of creep feed OM intake, whereas milk OM intake was not affected by level of creep feed intake. Decreases in ruminal fiber digestion and total tract NDF digestion caused by unlimited creep feeding were partially avoided by limiting creep feed intake. Digestible OM intake increased by .47 kg per kilogram of creep feed OM intake.
Antibacterial activity of disulfiram and its metabolites.

Aims Disulfiram (Antabuse™) and its metabolites formed in vivo were evaluated as antibacterial agents against thirty species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The synergistic potential of disulfiram (DSF) and metabolite diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) with approved antibiotics were also compared by isobologram (checkerboard) analysis. Methods and results Standard microdilution susceptibility testing showed that most DSF metabolites did not possess appreciable antibacterial activity except for DDTC in Bacillus anthracis. Checkerboard studies revealed similarities between the combination drug effects of DSF and DDTC with standard antibiotics. Conclusions It was concluded from the susceptibility data that the metabolites would not extend the antibacterial spectrum of DSF in vivo. The data also suggest that the DDTC by-product of DSF metabolism potentiates the antibacterial activity of DSF as both a standalone and combination agent. Significance and impact of the study The study provides a greater understanding of the antibacterial effects of Antabuse and its metabolites. This research also demonstrates the potential application of DSF as an antibiotic adjuvant for the treatment of resistant staph infections.
Using Technology to Learn About Immunology of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions

Analysis of genes associated with cADRs revealed strong associations with specific HLA alleles. Since HLA molecules function in presentation of antigens to T cells, these data suggested immunological mechanisms in which drugs trigger cADRs by stimulation of pathogenic T cells through HLA-restricted T-cell recognition events. Application of biochemical, biophysical, and structure-based molecular docking technologies has the potential to gain new insight into mechanisms of drug hypersensitivity. Abacavir hypersensitivity syndrome was strongly associated with HLA-B*57:01 and provides an example of how technology can provide evidence for mechanisms that promote immunologically mediated adverse events.
Natural killer (NK) cells.

Natural killer (NK) cells are a small subset of CD3–CD56+, CD16+ circulating lymphocytes regulated by signaling via NK-cell-activating or NK-cell-inhibitory receptors. Changes in NK cell numbers, cytotoxic activity, or cytokine production in response to acute or chronic stress serve as useful biomarkers of neuroendocrine and immune interactions.
Effects of treadmill running and limb immobilization on knee cartilage degeneration and locomotor joint kinematics in rats following knee meniscal transection.

Summary Objective This study examined the effects of reduced and elevated weight bearing on post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) development, locomotor joint kinematics, and degree of voluntary activity in rats following medial meniscal transection (MMT). Design Twenty-one adult rats were subjected to MMT surgery of the left hindlimb and then assigned to one of three groups: (1) regular (i.e., no intervention), (2) hindlimb immobilization, or (3) treadmill running. Sham surgery was performed in four additional rats. Voluntary wheel run time/distance was measured, and 3D hindlimb kinematics were quantified during treadmill locomotion using biplanar radiography. Rats were euthanized 8 weeks after MMT or sham surgery, and the microstructure of the tibial cartilage and subchondral bone was quantified using contrast enhanced micro-CT. Results All three MMT groups showed signs of PTOA (full-thickness lesions and/or increased cartilage volume) compared to the sham group, however the regular and treadmill-running groups had greater osteophyte formation than the immobilization group. For the immobilization group, increased volume was only observed in the anterior region of the cartilage. The treadmill-running group demonstrated a greater knee varus angle at mid-stance than the sham group, while the immobilization group demonstrated greater reduction in voluntary running than all the other groups at 2 weeks post-surgery. Conclusions Elevated weight-bearing via treadmill running at a slow/moderate speed did not accelerate PTOA in MMT rats when compared to regular weight-bearing. Reduced weight-bearing via immobilization may attenuate overall PTOA but still resulted in regional cartilage degeneration. Overall, there were minimal differences in hindlimb kinematics and voluntary running between MMT and sham rats.
Assessment of Radiation Solvers for Fire Simulation Models Using RADNNET-ZM

The paper presents a neural-network-based zonal method (RADNNET-ZM) for the analysis of radiative heat transfer in an arbitrary Cartesian enclosure with an isothermal, homogeneous, non-gray medium. The model accounts for the non-gray effect of absorbing species in a combustion environment and the geometric effect of any three-dimensional enclosures. The model is verified against benchmark solutions. Maximum local error is observed to be less than 4%. Prediction accuracy of an existing zonal radiation solver is assessed. Results demonstrate that RADNNET-ZM can provide a substantial improvement to zone fire simulation models for the prediction of radiative heat transfer without a significant increase in computation cost.
Yellow Nutsedge Control and Nursery Crop Tolerance with Manage as Affected by Adjuvant Choice

Abstract Adjuvants combined with one-half rate (18 g ai/ha, 0.26 oz ai/A) of Manage (MON 12051, halosulfuron) were evaluated for phytotoxicity on five species of landscape plants grown in container...
Public concern about climate change impacts on food choices: The interplay of knowledge and politics

As scientists warn that climate change threatens to disrupt global agricultural systems, there is a need to better understand how the public thinks about the impacts of climate change on food. Building on prior research demonstrating interactive effects of knowledge (e.g., issue understanding and educational attainment) and political party identification in public concern about climate change, we analyze data from 816 respondents drawn from a national probability survey of U.S. adults (fielded September 4–December 10, 2018) to examine whether these factors would similarly predict concern about climate change impacts on food choice, specifically. Indeed, we find that knowledge variables more strongly predict concern among Democrats than Republicans. These general patterns persist in models featuring political ideology (liberalism-conservatism) instead of party identification, and when we control for belief in climate change and other demographic variables (age, gender). Results shed light on the dynamics underlying public concern about projected consequences of anthropogenic climate change that carry widespread implications for food security, public health, and nutrition around the globe.
Clinical and radiographic adverse events after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for brainstem lesions: A dosimetric analysis.

OBJECTIVES To analyze the association between dosvolume relationships and adverse events in brainstem lesions treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS). METHODS Treatment plans were generated on BrainLab Elements and GammaPlan software. Dosimetric data were analyzed as continuous variables for patients who received GKRS to brain metastases or arteriovenous malformations (AVM) within or abutting the brainstem. Adverse events were classified as clinical and/or radiographic. Logistic and cox regression were used to assess the relationship between dosimetric variables and adverse events. RESULTS Sixty-one patients who underwent single fraction GKRS for brain metastases or AVM were retrospectively analyzed. Median age was 62 years (range: 12-92 years) and the median prescription dose was 18 Gy (range: 13-25 Gy). Median follow-up was 6months. Clinical and radiographic complications were seen in ten (16.4%) and 17 (27.9%) patients, respectively. On logistic regression, increasing D05% was found to be associated with an increased probability of developing a clinical complication post-GKRS (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.01-1.39; p = 0.04). Furthermore, mean brainstem dose (HR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.05-1.94; p < 0.02), D05% (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01-1.18; p = 0.03), and D95% (HR: 2.37; 95% CI: 0.99-5.67; p = 0.05) were associated with an increased hazard of experiencing post-GKRS complications over time. CONCLUSIONS Increasing D05% to the brainstem is associated with an increased risk of developing clinical complications. Clinicians may consider this parameter in addition to fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy when well-established dose constraints are not met in this patient population. Additional data are needed to further validate these findings.
Grandmothering, The Secrets to Making a Difference While Having the Time of Your Life: by Eyre, Linda. United States, 343 pp., $19.00 (softcover), ISBN 9781945547904

Linda Eyre introduces this insightful book Grandmothering, The Secrets to Making a Difference While Having the Time of Your Life by declaring that grandmothers should be having the time of their li...
How to Be an Effective Fellowship Program Director

The role of a fellowship director is extremely gratifying, but only if pursued for the right reasons. Accepting the fellowship director position requires understanding of its multiple challenges and the aptitude to resolve the issues that arise on a daily basis. As every fellow is different, a variety of skills are necessary to ensure a successful training experience that culminates in a competent professional. This chapter will explore the ideal motives to consider the position and the abilities that are essential to become an effective fellowship director.
Emerging Role of Immune Therapy in HCC

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a prevalent cancer diagnosis with an expected increase in incidence in the next decade. Treatment options for advanced disease have expanded significantly in the last decade since sorafenib was first approved in 2007. There have been approvals for multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with modest improvements in survival. Single-agent PD-1 inhibition has shown responses in ∼15% of patients, with a tail of the curve that is very beneficial to a small subset of patients. Most recently, studies of combination therapy with immune therapy drugs are showing more durable responses in a larger number of patients with unprecedented response rates over 30%. Different strategies have been pursued, including PD-1 and PD-L1 combinations with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition, TKIs, and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. This article provides a review of studies both completed and ongoing with immune therapy in advanced HCC.
Combined Ruxolitinib and Venetoclax Treatment in a Patient with a BCR-JAK2 Rearranged Myeloid Neoplasm.

Hematological malignancies with a BCR-JAK2 rearrangement have been described only sporadically in the literature over the last three decades. Although most patients suffer from a chronic myeloid neoplasm with marked eosinophilia, the clinical presentation varies significantly and can even manifest as a lymphoid malignancy. In this case report, we present a patient with a therapy-related BCR-JAK2+ myeloid neoplasm with extensive extramedullary disease localizing in the lymph nodes. While treatment with a JAK2 inhibitor (ruxolitinib) was not able to stop disease progression, combination treatment with inhibitors of both JAK2 and BCL2 (venetoclax) resulted in disease control for over 1.5 years. Combining these two inhibitors might be strategic in these patients, not only because BCL2 is a downstream target of JAK/STAT signaling but also because BCL2 is crucial for JAK2 inhibitor resistance. The recent inclusion of JAK2-rearranged malignancies in major classification systems and guidelines emphasizes the importance of not only getting a better understanding of the clinical phenotype of these rare disorders but also of identifying alternative treatment options for patients ineligible for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Considering the low toxicity of combination treatment with these two small molecule inhibitors, this regimen could be further explored in future studies.
Total Joint Arthroplasty in Patients With Achondroplasia: Comparison of 90-Day Adverse Events and 5-Year Implant Survival.

Background Achondroplasia is the most common skeletal dysplasia, and total joint arthroplasty of the hip and/or knee in this patient population may present unique challenges. Methods All patients undergoing primary total hip or total knee arthroplasty (THA or TKA) for osteoarthritis in the 2010-2019 PearlDiver Mariner administrative database with least 90 days of postoperative follow-up were identified. Those with achondroplasia were matched 1:10 to patients without achondroplasia based on age, sex, and medical comorbidities. Ninety-day adverse events were assessed and compared using multivariate logistic regression. Five-year implant survival was determined and compared with Kaplan-Meier implant survival curves. Significance was set at P < .05. Results For THA, 150 patients with achondroplasia were matched to 1484 patients without and had significantly higher 90 days odds of surgical site infection (odds ratio [OR] = 3.49, P = .005) and readmission (OR = 2.35, P = .016). For TKA, 285 patients with achondroplasia were matched to 2828 without and had higher odds of aggregated any adverse event (OR = 1.52, P = .006) and transfusion (OR = 2.31, P < .001). Rates of the other studied adverse events were not significant for either set of the analyses. At 5 years, implant survival for those with and without achondroplasia was not different for those undergoing THA (P = .321) or TKA (P = .910). Conclusions The present study represents the largest cohort of patients with achondroplasia undergoing total joint arthroplasty to date. Although several short-term adverse events had greater odds for those with achondroplasia, 5-year survival was not different for those with or without achondroplasia after THA or TKA, supporting confidence in longer term implant success.
Concurrent inference of topic models and distributed vector representations

Topic modeling techniques have been widely used to uncover dominant themes hidden inside an unstructured document collection. Though these techniques first originated in the probabilistic analysis of word distributions, many deep learning approaches have been adopted recently. In this paper, we propose a novel neural network based architecture that produces distributed representation of topics to capture topical themes in a dataset. Unlike many state-of-the-art techniques for generating distributed representation of words and documents that directly use neighboring words for training, we leverage the outcome of a sophisticated deep neural network to estimate the topic labels of each document. The networks, for topic modeling and generation of distributed representations, are trained concurrently in a cascaded style with better runtime without sacrificing the quality of the topics. Empirical studies reported in the paper show that the distributed representations of topics represent intuitive themes using smaller dimensions than conventional topic modeling approaches.
Effects of copper deficiency and copper deficiency coupled with high dietary iron or molybdenum on phagocytic cell function and response of calves to a respiratory disease challenge.

A study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing a diet marginally deficient in copper (Cu) with iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), or Cu on phagocytic cell function and disease resistance of calves. Thirty-one calves were born to heifers fed a corn silage-based diet containing 4.5 mg of Cu/kg. Treatments consisted of 1 ) control (CON; no supplemental Cu, Fe, or Mo), 2 ) 600 mg of Fe added/ kg (FE), 3) 5 mg of Mo added/kg (MO), or 4) 10 mg of Cu added/kg of DM (CU). Activity of superoxide dismutase was lower (P <.06) in neutrophils from MO vs CON or CU calves at 170 d of age. Bactericidal activity of neutrophils from MO calves tended (P = .15) to be lower compared with those from CU calves at 70 d of age. Calves were inoculated intranasally with live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) 2 d after weaning, followed by intratracheal administration of Pasteurella hemolytica 5 d later. Iron- and Cu-supplemented calves exhibited higher ( P <.01) body temperatures and lower (P <.06) feed intakes following IBRV inoculation compared with CON and MO calves. Copper-supplemented calves had higher levels of plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF) than MO calves at weaning (P <.05) and tended to have higher plasma TNF ( P =.11) than FE and MO calves 5 d after IBRV inoculation. These data indicate that dietary levels of Mo and Cu can affect body temperature and feed intake responses to disease by affecting TNF and perhaps other cytokines.
La sacralización del consenso nacional y las pugnas por la memoria histórica y la justicia en el Uruguay posdictatorial

Este trabajo se propone analizar el peso relativo de los poderes institucionales y la sociedad civil dentro de la constelacion de fuerzas que bregaron por definir politicas de justicia transicional y configurar la memoria historica de la sociedad uruguaya y que, en una larga serie de parciales intentos, eventualmente abrieron nuevos espacios de institucionalidad para el establecimiento tardio de responsabilidad legal y rendicion de cuentas por las violaciones a los derechos humanos cometidas en el Uruguay en el marco de la Guerra Fria.
Instability and Mixing of Zonal Jets along an Idealized Continental Shelf Break

AbstractThe interaction between an Antarctic Circumpolar Current–like channel flow and a continental shelf break is considered using eddy-permitting simulations of a quasigeostrophic and a primitive equation model. The experimental setup is motivated by the continental shelf of the West Antarctic Peninsula. Numerical experiments are performed to study how the width and slope of an idealized continental shelf topography affect the characteristics of the flow. The main focus is on the regime where the shelfbreak width is slightly greater than the eddy scale. In this regime, a strong baroclinic jet develops on the shelf break because of the locally stabilizing effect of the topographic slope. The velocity of this jet is set at first order by the gradient of the background barotropic geostrophic contours, which is dominated by the slope of the topography. At statistical equilibrium, an aperiodic cycle is observed. Initially, over a long stable period, an upper-layer jet develops over the shelf break. Once the...
Abstract 3499: Improving therapeutic efficacy of Docetaxel in breast cancer

Chemotherapy is the preferred choice for treatment of advance breast cancer (BrCa). In most cases, cytotoxic drugs are used at or near a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) to achieve maximum response and eradicate the neoplastic cells, at the same time MTD doses are often toxic and have severe side effects. Lower dose i.e. “optimal biological response modifier dose” (OBRMD) provides potentially beneficial responses, but is not capable of achieving optimal clinical response. Hence, the focus of this study was to achieve the optimal therapeutic outcome of Docetaxel (DTX) at a lower dose by using it in combination with Apigenin (API), a dietary flavonoid present in fruits and vegetables. Effect of DTX and API, either alone or in combination on BrCa cells viability and apoptosis was determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. We further investigated the mechanism of enhanced efficacy of DTX using western blot analysis and real time qPCR. Significant decrease in cell viability was observed when cells were treated with low dose DTX in combination with API as compared to either of the agent used individually in MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and MCF 10A cells. Real time analysis showed that API up regulates pro-apoptotic molecules and down regulates anti-apoptotic molecules when using in combination with DTX. These findings suggest that Apigenin is capable of reducing the effective dose of docetaxel. Hence, this new modality may have better therapeutic outcome with minimal or no toxicity. Citation Format: Jeronay King, Hina Mir, Neeraj Kapur, Shailesh Singh. Improving therapeutic efficacy of Docetaxel in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3499. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3499
Teacher Preparation for the Global Stage: International Student Teaching

As globalization lessens the distance between peoples and diversifies the common classroom, teacher education programs lag behind in producing globally-minded educators. One approach used by some teacher education programs to remedy this issue is to offer international student teaching experiences. While the literature related to these programs is rather positive, information related to why students choose to participate in international student teaching experiences and the challenges they encounter while abroad is limited. This study attempts to fill this gap in the literature. Drawing on interview and documentation data from current (n=3) and former (n=2) participants, as well as two program administrators, this multiple-case study utilizes a cross-case analysis to draw conclusions within and between the cases. Programmatic recommendations that are applicable to both faculty members and study abroad professionals are included.
Primary Bilateral Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma of the Breast With Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia and Localized Amyloidosis

Abstract Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast is a rare disease. Primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma is even rarer, and bilateral involvement is exceptional. We describe a case of primary bilateral breast mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with bilateral atypical ductal hyperplasia and bilateral localized amyloidosis in a 64-year-old woman with a history of arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus and its clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical features. Microscopic examination of the breast lesion showed dense periductal and perilobular small and plasmacytoid lymphocytes with eosinophilic amyloid in the vessels and the stroma. Bilateral single foci of atypical ductal hyperplasia were also noted. Fine needle aspiration showed small and large lymphocytes and plasma cells. Molecular analysis demonstrated a heavy chain immunoglobulin H gene rearrangement. Flow cytometry studies showed an abnormal B-cell population. The combined histologic, paraffin immunohistochemistry, f...
Differential cross section and polarization for 2.63 MeV neutrons scattered from 12C

Abstract The differential cross section and polarization of 2.63 MeV neutrons scattered from 12C have been measured at eight angles between 17° and 118° in the laboratory system. By simultaneously fitting the cross section and polarization data, a set of scattering phase shifts was obtained. The values of the resulting d-wave phase shifts were larger than those of other existing sets of phase shifts in the energy region. A subsequent R-function analysis, reflecting these larger d-wave phase shifts, gave excellent fits to other experimental data below 3 MeV neutron energy region. The influence of narrow states at 7.50 and 7.55 MeV excitation energy in 13C is discussed.