cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A superposition-based parallel discrete operator splitting method for incompressible flows

Abstract Juxtaposition-based domain decomposition requires complicated pre-processing and communications of pre-consolidated data, and is restricted to field problems. In this paper, we propose a superposition-based domain decomposition parallelization, which employs element-by-element construction, processor-level assembling, and condensed random data structure. Superposition-based parallelization shows great flexibility in partitioning the computational domains, communicates more consolidated data, and can be applied beyond field problems. Moreover, superposition-based parallelization can, as an option, follow the same numerical process as its serial counterpart to produce digit-by-digit identically the same result, which makes code development and debugging much easier. Solving large scale indefinite systems continues to pose as a challenging issue for incompressible flows. In this paper, we propose the discrete operator splitting (DOS) technique to break the original ill-natured large indefinite system into two smaller well-natured definite systems coupled through source terms. The underpinning idea of the technique is to seamlessly combine the splitting and iterations together. Equipped with the parallelization and DOS, we present in details the superposition-based parallel discrete operator splitting finite element method and apply it to incompressible Navier–Stokes flows. Backward-facing step flow, cavity flow, and pipe flow are simulated to demonstrate the success of the method.
Pragmatism and post-qualitative futures

This paper notes that there has been a relatively recent revision of the pragmatist philosophy canon, one that moves beyond a focus on epistemic and pedagogical theories, and locates pragmatism in a tradition of radical ontological theorizing and political action. This essay examines this revision for its relevance to the emerging materialist turn in qualitative research methodology. The essay focuses on two themes within contemporary and classical pragmatist philosophy: a reflexive realism and an ontology of the future. The methodological implications of these features are explored in detail. These implications are compared to post-structuralist conceptions of reflexivity that informed the last wave of qualitative research innovation and to the new materialism theories that are inspiring a new wave of methodological innovation. The most significant methodological implications of pragmatic philosophy are located in its ideas about the ontologically co-constituting relationship between inquiry practice and...
The stage II transient in off-eutectic solidification

Abstract In the stage II transient a two phase composite is produced, with the average composition gradually approaching the starting composition. Prior approximate solutions for this variation of composition are reviewed, and a new approximate solution is derived. It is shown that the solution of Verhoeven and Heimes is best when the feed composition is near the eutectic, while our new solution is best when the feed composition is far from the eutectic, approaching the limit of the two phase region. Both are best for small values of the distribution coefficient K , and approach the previous results of Wilcox as K → 0. A really good approximate solution is not available for large K and for intermediate values of the feed composition.
The "independence principle" of biological membranes: its misuse.

An analysis is presented of the “independence principle”— Hodgkin & Huxley's (1952) theory of the relationship between total membrane electrical conductance and extramembrane ionic composition. By means of theoretical examples of the composition dependence of the conductance of ion-exchanger membranes it is demonstrated that use of the “independence principle” can lead to qualitatively and quantitatively false conclusions about the respective transport numbers of a membrane's current carriers. Thus, contrary to what has been thought, the “independence principle” is not applicable as a general principle of membrane behavior. In one particular, biologically analogous, example, the “independence principle” does make an accurate, correct identification of the current carriers of the ion-exchanger membrane. However, this cannot be used as evidence of the applicability of the underlying assumptions of the “independence principle” in the biologically analogous situation. To so argue is untenable in that it unjustifiably ignores the numerous experimental instances where the electrophysiological effect of an ionic species is completely inexplicable in terms of the “independence principle”. It is shown that previous attempts to subsume such phenomena within the framework of the “independence principle” negate the claimed significance of those effects which are consistent with it.
Design algorithm of a uniform magnetic field transmitter intended for the wireless charging of electric vehicles

This paper proposes to use uniform magnetic fields for wireless electric vehicle charging in order to resolve the problem of positioning the receiver (on the vehicle) over the transmitter (on the parking spot). A novel funnel-shaped coil structure is introduced to generate uniform magnetic fields, together with a design algorithm for determining the geometric parameters of the coil structure. This algorithm can be applied to the design of uniform magnetic fields of any size. Results show that magnetic fields produced by our design have fairly good uniformity; more than 71% of the coil area has a uniform field with a maximum percentage difference of the vertical component of the magnetic below 10%. The uniformity of the example is validated with finite element analysis (FEA).
Apology for the Abbé Mallet

The abbe Edme Mallet was one of the main contributors to the first volumes of Diderot and D’Alembert’s Encyclopedie , and the work’s official theologian. Whereas his reputation, derived largely from D’Alembert’s eulogy, was formerly that of a moderate open to dialogue with philosophers, in an article from the 1970s Walter E. Rex argued that Mallet was in fact a rigid defender of orthodoxy recruited for the Encyclopedie to offset its anti-religious tendencies. This article offers a refutation of Rex’s influential theory, questioning his assumption of a fundamental opposition between Mallet and the other contributors. Beginning with the observation that Rex made his analysis of Mallet’s religious articles without realizing that these are, in many instances, either wholly or partly translations from Chambers’s Cyclopaedia , I move on to consider the censored article ‘Constitution Unigenitus’, where Mallet’s opinion of the Jansenists is shown to be similar, rather than opposed, to that of Diderot and D’Alembert. In view of their statements in important sections of the Encyclopedie , I suggest that, contrary to common opinion, the editors’ association with Mallet may reflect a sincere desire for collaboration with theologians.
Beyond 1Tb/s Superchannel Optical Transmission based on Polarization Multiplexed Coded-OFDM over 2300 km of SSMF

The novel OFDM channel estimation method, based on LMMSE with linear interpolation, is used to compensate for chromatic dispersion and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) separately. Together with low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded multi-band OFDM, we can achieve beyond 1Tb/s serial transmission over 2300km of SSMF without any countable error.
3D CT imaging method for measuring temporal bone aeration.

Objective --3D volume reconstruction of CT images can be used to measure temporal bone aeration. This study evaluates the technique with respect to reproducibility and acquisition parameters. Material and methods --Helical CT images acquired from patients with radiographically normal temporal bones using standard clinical protocols were retrospectively analyzed. 3D image reconstruction was performed to measure the volume of air within the temporal bone. The appropriate threshold values for air were determined from reconstruction of a phantom with a known air volume imaged using the same clinical protocols. The appropriate air threshold values were applied to the clinical material. Results --Air volume was measured according to an acquisition algorithm. The average volume in the temporal bone CT group was 5.56 ml, compared to 5.19 ml in the head CT group ( p = 0.59). The correlation coefficient between examiners was > 0.92. There was a wide range of aeration volumes among individual ears (0.76-18.84 ml); h...
Implications of upper Mesozoic conglomerate for suspect terrane in western California and adjacent areas

Several distinctive kinds of conglomerate occur in upper Mesozoic rocks in different regions of western California. Within each region, conglomerate in the accretionary-wedge Franciscan assemblage is similar to conglomerate exposed nearby in the fore-arc-basin Great Valley sequence, suggesting that both rock units were derived from the same source regions. Long-distance tectonic transport is not necessary to account for the detrital sedimentary rocks in the Franciscan. The types of conglomerate in the lower part of the Great Valley sequence relate to their place of deposition in the fore-arc basin. In the northern Coast Ranges, chert-rich conglomerate derived from the Klamath Mountains was transported longitudinally southward by a relatively large distribution system. Correlative conglomerate in the Diablo Range is rich in volcanic and detrital- sedimentary-rock clasts derived from the western edge of the Sierra Nevada and transported westward by relatively small distribution systems. Conglomerate rich in chert and quartzite in suspect terrane of the Golden Gate-Gilroy and Nacimiento blocks of central California may have been deposited by a large north-flowing system in the southern part of the same basin; an exotic origin is not required for the suspect terrane. In mid-Cretaceous time, the Nacimiento block may have been displaced southeastward along the Nacimiento fault and juxtaposed against the Salinian block, a deep and interior part of the magmatic arc in southern California. This displacement may be reflected in the clast composition of mid-Cretaceous conglomerate of the Nacimiento block, but stratigraphic documentation is still incomplete. Younger and approximately equal right-slip on the San Andreas fault system brought both the Nacimiento and Salinian blocks northwest to their present position. A southward increase in quartzite content in conglomerate of post-Nevadan age is broadly parallel to a similar increase in pre-Nevadan conglomerate of adjacent parts of the Klamath Mountains, Sierra Nevada, and Peninsular Ranges, making it unlikely that any of these rocks were tectonically derived from remote regions. Radiolarians from chert pebbles in Franciscan conglomerate are similar in age distribution and faunal composition to those from pebbles in the Great Valley sequence, from pebbles in pre-Nevadan conglomerate, and from bedded chert in presently adjacent source areas.
Force/torque closure grasp in the plane

For frictionless point fingers it is shown that four fingers are sufficient to constitute a force/torque closure grasp for an arbitrarily polygonal object in the plane, thus improving the best previous bound of six fingers. Since four fingers are also necessary to have force/torque closure grasp for an object with arbitrary polygon shape on the plane, the result gives an optimal bound. >
Motivation and Management Styles in the Public and Private Sectors in Taiwan and a Comparison With the United States

Motivation studies in organizations have focused primarily on private sector organizations in the U.S. The current study looks at motivation and managerial styles in the private and public sectors in Taiwan (Republic of China). The results were also compared to nonnative data for the U.S. The findings indicate that motivational levels are much higher in Taiwan than in the U.S. and consistent between the public and private sectors. There is also a strong positive perception of public sector work in Taiwan and a greater understanding and commitment to participate in motivationally based managerial styles in all types of organizations. The study suggests the need to explore the motivational processes in organizations other than those based in the Western culture.
Arithmetic practice can be modified to promote understanding of mathematical equivalence

This experiment tested if a modified version of arithmetic practice facilitates understanding of math equivalence. Children within 2nd-grade classrooms (N 166) were randomly assigned to practice single-digit addition facts using 1 of 2 workbooks. In the control workbook, problems were presented in the traditional “operations answer” format (e.g., 4 3 __) and were organized pseudorandomly throughout the workbook. In the modified workbook, problems were presented with operations on the right side (e.g., __ 4 3), the equal sign was sometimes replaced by relational words (e.g., “is equal to”), and problems were organized by equivalent sums such that several problems in a row would all have the same sum. Children who used the modified workbook constructed a better understanding of math equivalence than did children who used the control workbook. This advantage persisted approximately 5–6 months after the practice had ended, and there were no observed “trade-offs” with computational fluency. A mediation analysis showed that the modified practice improved understanding as intended by decreasing children’s reliance on operational patterns. Results suggest that small differences in the organization and format of arithmetic practice can yield substantial differences in children’s understanding of fundamental mathematics concepts.
Polynomial interpolation and prediction of continuous-time processes from random samples

We consider the interpolation and prediction of continuous-time second-order random processes from a finite number of randomly sampled observations using Lagrange polynomial estimators. The sampling process (t/sub 1/) is a general stationary point process on the real line. We establish upper bounds on the mean-square interpolation and prediction errors and determine their dependence on the mean sampling rate /spl beta/ and on the number of samples used. Comparisons with the Wiener-Hopf estimator are given.
Carrier frequency offset estimation in qHLRT modulation classifier with antenna arrays

A likelihood ratio test (LRT)-based modulation classifier is sensitive to unknown parameters, such as carrier frequency offset (CFO), symbol rate, etc. To deal with the limited knowledge of CFO, in this paper, a quasi-hybrid likelihood ratio test (qHLRT)-based approach is proposed for linear modulation classification. In the qHLRT algorithm, a non-maximum likelihood (ML) estimator is used to reduce the computational burden of multivariate maximization. Several of blind, non-ML CFO estimators are studied and their performance are compared with both single and multiple receiving antennas systems. It is shown that the nonlinear least-squares (NLS) CFO estimator is the best choice for the qHLRT algorithm, particularly with antenna arrays, which are introduced to combat the effect of channel fading on modulation classification
VISIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIA: SURFACING SCHEMAS FROM FIRMS' INFORMATIONAL ENGAGEMENTS

Prior research has noted the salience of informational engagements that culminate in an organizing vision to the diffusion of technology and the value firms garner from the technology. In contrast to sociological theories that view meaning as inherently pluralistic, information technology research has espoused a single community-level organizing vision. Drawing upon schema theory, we posit that different schemas or organizing visions underlie firms’ informational engagements. We consider the constitutive cognitive elements of these schemas in terms of six evaluative principles derived from six prototypical “orders of worth.” We apply relational class analysis to surface the schemas reflected in informational engagements about 675 social media initiatives by 26 of the top 30 Fortune firms. Contrary to extant perspectives on organizing vision, we identified four disparate schemas or visions of social media and observed firms’ informational engagements typically to reflect multiple visions.
Two-dimensional thermal oxidation of silicon&#8212;I. Experiments

With continued miniaturization and the development of new devices, the highly nonuniform oxidation of two-dimensional non-planar silicon structures is playing an increasingly important role. An understanding of this subject has been limited by insufficient experimental data and difficulties in two-dimensional numerical simulation. This paper introduces a unique experimental approach in which extensive data were obtained concerning the oxidation of cylindrical silicon structures of controlled radii of curvature. It is quantitatively demonstrated that the oxidation of curved silicon surfaces is retarded at low temperatures and sharp curvatures, and that the retardation is more severe on concave than convex structures. These observations will be interpreted using a physical model based on stress effects on oxide growth parameters. The theoretical analysis and modeling will be reported in detail in a separate paper [1].
Ångström-Precision Optical Traps and Applications*

Single-molecule optical-trapping experiments are now resolving the smallest units of motion in biology, including 1-base-pair steps along DNA. This review initially concentrates on the experimental problems with achieving 1-A instrumental stability and the technical advances necessary to overcome these issues. Instrumental advances are complemented by insights in optical-trapping geometry and single-molecule motility assay development to accommodate the elasticity of biological molecules. I then discuss general issues in applying this measurement capability in the context of precision measurements along DNA. Such enhanced optical-trapping assays are revealing the fundamental step sizes of increasingly complex enzymes, as well as informative pauses in enzymatic motion. This information in turn is providing mechanistic insight into kinetic pathways that are difficult to probe by traditional assays. I conclude with a brief discussion of emerging techniques and future directions.
Finite element study of multi-modal vibration damping for thermal barrier coating applications

A physically-based computational model is developed to predict the damping behavior of oxide thermal barrier coating systems. The constitutive damping model is derived from the theory of point defect relaxation in crystalline solids and implemented within a finite element framework. While oxide coatings have been primarily employed as thermal barriers for gas turbine blades, there is a growing interest in developing multifunctional coatings combining thermal protection and damping capabilities. The direct frequency response method, as well as the modal strain energy method, have been implemented to evaluate the functional dependance of damping on temperature and frequency. Numerical results are validated through the limited experimental data available in the literature, and new results are presented to illustrate the effects of different topcoat oxides. The paper also illustrates how the developed methodology enables the damping capacity under different vibrational modes to be predicted, and to estimate the sensitivity of the design for varying geometrical parameters. Finally, the computational model is applied to investigate the damping performance of an oxide-coated turbine blade.
Rising Tides and Racing Torpedoes: Triumphs and Tribulations of the Adult Gifted as Illustrated by the Career of Joseph Renzulli.

Joseph Renzull's essay highlighting his major programmatic work of the past 25 years tells us far more about the real guts of giftedness than does any IQ score or any test score or set of scores at all. In his essay, Renzulli distinguishes between “schoolhouse giftedness” and “creative productive giftedness.” I do not know how Renzulli did in the schoolhouse, but I do know that he serves as an outstanding model of the kind of creative productive giftedness he discusses. But what actually goes into the creative-potential circle of Renzulli's (1978, 1986) Three-Ring Conception of Giftedness? Renzulli's essay tells us much in answer to this question, as could any autobiographical essay. The goal of this response will be to use Renzulli's essay as a case study of the components of creative productive giftedness. The framework I will use is that provided by our own investment theory of creativity (Sternberg & Lubart, 1995, 1996), although doubtless other models could be used as well.
On the error in computing Lyapunov exponents by QR Methods

We consider the error introduced using QR methods to approximate Lyapunov exponents. We give a backward error statement for linear non-autonomous systems, and further discuss nonlinear autonomous problems. In particular, for linear systems we show that one approximates a ``nearby'' discontinuous problem where how nearby is measured in terms of local errors and a measure of non-normality. For nonlinear problems we use a type of shadowing result.
In situ scanning tunneling microscopy of oxide-supported metal clusters: nucleation, growth, and thermal evolution of individual particles.

An experimental approach was developed for imaging the nucleation and growth of individual oxide-supported nanoparticles and their subsequent in situ chemical and thermal treat- ments by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The potential of the method is demonstrated for Au nanoparticles supported on a reduced TiO2 substrate where a cluster-by-cluster comparison is made of the morphological evolution and stability of nanoparticles during their nucleation and thermal annealing. Using this methodology the details of the nucleation and growth kinetics can be directly observed. © 2002 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Chem Rec 2: 446-457; 2002: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.10045
The epidemiology of asthma and hay fever in a total community, Tecumseh, Michigan. I. Description of study and general findings.

Abstract An epidemiological study of a total community has been described in which a detailed medical history, family history, physical examination, and certain physical and laboratory measurements were obtained in 88 per cent of all residents. Cumulative prevalence rates for asthma and hay fever are presented which are based on the population 6 years of age and older. A diagnosis of asthma was made in 711 persons and hay fever in 681; these included 285 persons with a history of asthma and 439 with hay fever in whom the diagnoses were considered to be more firm than in the remainder. The age-specific cumulative prevalence of the more certain asthma group was relatively constant, while that for hay fever rose to a plateau in the second and third decades. Of those persons with a history of asthma, the first episode most commonly occurred under the age of 5 years; hay fever more frequently began at a later age. Although there were no appreciable sex differences in the total cumulative prevalence of asthma and hay fever, both diseases demonstrated a trend toward an carlier onset in males than females. Forty-two to 50 per cent of persons having a history of asthma had symptoms which were either perennial or occurred predominantly in the winter; almost everyone with hay fever had symptoms in the spring, summer, or fall. Persons in the asthma group were more commonly seen by a physician than those with hay fever.
Issues in children's hospital disaster preparedness

Abstract On September 11, 2001, Children's National Medical Center (CNMC) in Washington, D.C. was the most proximate pediatric tertiary care center facility to the disaster at the Pentagon. The hospital's multiple casualty plan was activated; while no child victims presented for care, the CNMC staff realized that their plan, like most or all children's hospital disaster plans around the country, was inadequate to deal with a true mass casualty incident involving mass trauma patients, biological or chemical weapons. The authors review the elements of a successful mass casualty response and describe their experiences during the events of and following September 11, 2001.
Prevention of HPV-Associated Diseases in the United States

The dominant HPV-associated disease is cervical cancer. In the US, 88% of the diagnoses and 92% of the costs pertain to controlling cervical cancer and its screening program. Secondary prevention has worked extremely well at reducing the overall incidence of cervical cancer to 8.3/100,000 women, with only black and Hispanic women having incidences of cervical cancer above the national average at 11.1 and 12.8/100,000 respectively.
Distributed pressure sensors for a urethral catheter

A flexible strip that incorporates multiple pressure sensors and is capable of being fixed to a urethral catheter is developed. The urethral catheter thus instrumented will be useful for measurement of pressure in a human urethra during urodynamic testing in a clinic. This would help diagnose the causes of urinary incontinence in patients. Capacitive pressure sensors are fabricated on a flexible polyimide-copper substrate using surface micromachining processes and alignment/assembly of the top and bottom portions of the sensor strip. The developed sensor strip is experimentally evaluated in an in vitro test rig using a pressure chamber. The sensor strip is shown to have adequate sensitivity and repeatability. While the calibration factors for the sensors on the strip vary from one sensor to another, even the least sensitive sensor has a resolution better than 0.1 psi.
Distribution of donor lungs in the United States: a case for broader geographic sharing

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between allocation of donor lungs by geographic sharing type (GST) and lung allocation score (LAS). METHODS UNOS data included lung transplant recipients between 5/4/05 and 09/30/15 (n = 17 416) grouped by GST of donor lungs: local, regional, or national. Recipients were stratified by LAS 75. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess five-yr survival. RESULTS The majority of lungs were shared locally (n = 9200; 52.8%) followed by nationally (n = 5356; 30.8%) and regionally (n = 2860; 16.4%). There was a significant difference in the mean LAS at transplant (local: 43.7 ± 15; regional: 49.5 ± 18.8; national 51 ± 19.4; p 75 received a majority of their organs from national (n = 881; 45.4%) and regional (n = 414; 21.6%) donors. Although statistically significant (p = 0.024), absolute decline in five-yr survival by GST in the national GST was only 1.1% compared to the local GST. CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of all lungs in the United States are allocated locally to recipients with an LAS <50. Additional studies should determine if organ sharing over broader geographies would improve waitlist outcomes.
Virulent micrococcus catarrhalis in influenza

Several points of bacteriologic interest were brought out during the 1920 epidemic of influenza at the University of Wisconsin. During this epidemic, bacteriologic examination was made of the nasopharyngeal flora of 79 patients suffering from influenza, 15 patients in the hospital for other illnesses, a group of 26 medical students, a few of whom subsequently came down with influenza, and 9 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The medium used was for the most part heated blood agar (so-called "chocolate agar") made from a beef infusion basis, 5 Jo defibrinated sheep blood and Witte's peptone (purchased before the war) and adjusted to a Ph of 7.4-7.6. In some instances unheated blood agar and Avery's oleate medium of the same H-ion concentration were also used. In addition to the plates from the nasopharyngeal swabbings, blood cultures and sputum examinations were made from some of the patients. In all instances the plates were streaked at the bedside, and the sputum examinations and animal inoculations were made without any material loss of time. An ordinary bent wire applicator was employed to obtain the material from the nasopharynx, and with reasonable care no contaminations were obtained by striking the swab against the tongue or other parts of the mouth.
IMPACT OF MORPHINE ON PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHARMACODYNAMIC PROFILES OF TICAGRELOR IN PATIENTS WITH ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION UNDERGOING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION

In patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), morphine delays the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of P2Y12 inhibitors, including prasugrel and ticagrelor. However, to date studies with novel P2Y12 inhibitors have been limited to PD assessments. The impact of morphine on
Avian Eimeria species: effect of prior or simultaneous inoculation of one species on cellular invasion by a second species in vivo and in vitro.

SUMMARY. The effect of prior or simultaneous administration of Eimeria acervulina on cellular invasion by E. acervulina, E. tenella, or E. adenoeides was examined in vivo and/or in vitro. In chickens immunized with E. acervulina oocysts, invasion by sporozoites from a challenge inoculum of E. acervulina increased slightly over invasion in naive controls, and invasion by sporozoites of E. tenella and E. adenoeides increased by factors of 1.99 and 2.26, respectively, over that in controls. Conversely, simultaneous inoculation of E. acervulina along with E. tenella or E. adenoeides did not have a significant effect on invasion. Cultured baby hamster kidney cells that had been previously inoculated with E. acervulina sporozoites also supported significantly greater (by factors of 1.39 to 2.66) invasion by E. adenoeides sporozoites than did control cultures. The enhancement of invasion in vitro appeared to depend upon either the interval between the inoculation of cells with E. acervulina and E. adenoeides or the interval between the replating of the cells and their inoculation with E. adenoeides. There were no gross changes in the culture morphology between the E. acervulina-inoculated and noninoculated cultures. The data indicate that prior exposure to E. acervulina enhances invasion by other species of avian coccidia and, therefore, may exacerbate the infection produced by these species.
Abstract PR11: Differentiation of mammary tumors and reduction in metastasis upon Malat1 LncRNA loss

Genome-wide studies have identified thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) lacking protein-coding capacity. MALAT1 (Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1) is among the most abundant and highly conserved nuclear restricted lncRNAs whose expression is mis-regulated in many cancers including breast cancer. RNA-FISH experiments on primary tumor and metastatic nodules from patients with luminal type breast cancer revealed that MALAT1 lncRNA is 4-5 times up regulated in metastatic nodules compared to primary tumors. This strongly suggests that MALAT1 plays an important role in the metastatic progression of luminal breast cancers. We have used the MMTV-PyMT mouse model of luminal B breast cancer to characterize the role of Malat1 in primary breast cancer and its subsequent metastasis. Malat1 lncRNA was knocked down via subcutaneous administration of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) at a dose of 125mg/kg/week over a period of 7 weeks after which animals were sacrificed and primary tumors and lungs were removed for molecular and histological analyses. Malat1 ASO treatment resulted in ~60% knockdown in the primary tumor concomitant with a significant reduction in tumor progression rate as well as a change in the differentiation status. Detailed histo-pathological analysis of ASO treated tumors showed an increase in well-differentiated ductular tumors, whereas scrambled ASO treated tumors progressed to solid carcinomas. Most interestingly, a marked decrease was observed in the incidence of lung metastases; ~70% fewer metastatic nodules in Malat1 ASO treated animals than scrambled ASO treated animals. Further, Malat1 ASO treated ex-vivo generated mammary gland organoids from MMTV-PyMT mice, resulted in an inhibition of branching morphogenesis, which recapitulates the invasive process that initiate metastases in vivo. RNA-seq analysis of the primary tumors and tumor derived organoids treated with Malat1 ASO showed up-regulation of genes involved in differentiation and down regulation of genes involved in migration and proliferation. Further, Malat1 knock-down also resulted in aberrant splicing of many genes including critical transcription factors. Together, our data indicates that Malat1 lncRNA regulates critical processes in breast cancer pathogenesis and represents a promising therapeutic target for treatment. This abstract is also presented as Poster B02. Citation Format: Gayatri Arun, Sarah Diermeier, Martin Akerman, Kung-Chi Chang, J.Erby Wilkinson, Stephen Hearn, Youngsoo Kim, A.Robert MacLeod, Adrian R. Krainer, Larry Norton, Edi Brogi, Mikala Egeblad, David L. Spector. Differentiation of mammary tumors and reduction in metastasis upon Malat1 LncRNA loss. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr PR11.
SYNTHESIS IN PROCESS DEVELOPMENT.

Les resultats de synthese a l'etape du developpement d'un procede engendrent des problemes combinatoires dont la solution a un effet profond sur la faisabilite et l'optimalite des schemas du procede resultant. Formulation de tels problemes de synthese, examen de leurs principales caracteristiques et methodes de resolution
Emulating Neutron Irradiation Effects with Ions

Radiation effects research is conducted with a variety of energetic particles: neutrons, electrons, light ions, and heavy ions. Energetic ions can be used to understand the effects of neutron irradiation in reactor components, and interest in this application of ion irradiation has grown in recent years for several reasons that include the avoidance of high residual radioactivity and a decline in the availability of test reactors for materials irradiation. The damage state and microstructure resulting from ion irradiation, and thus the degree to which ion irradiation emulates neutron irradiation, depend principally on the particle type and the damage rate. This chapter will begin with a brief review of the damage function, primary recoil spectrum, and efficiency of defect production for various particle types. Effects of particle type on both microstructure and microchemistry will be discussed, followed by the effects of the irradiated microstructure on mechanical properties. The roles of dose, dose rate, and temperature parameters and the constraints on parameter space by each particle source will be discussed and compared against the effects of neutron irradiation.
3D Reconstruction as a Service – Applications in Virtual Cultural Heritage

As Virtual Reality (VR) expands its application range in various domains, one area that benefits more and more from VR implementation is cultural heritage. This synergy has created a new research subject: virtual cultural heritage, with specific challenges and with the key issue being to reconstruct the 3D virtual model of a real cultural artefact or item. We propose that by transcending the classic 3D reconstruction instruments to online services available remotely these newly appeared challenges can be properly addressed and the 3D reconstruction process will gain in accessibility and availability for a wider range of scientists, researchers and users. This paper presents an original implementation of such 3D reconstruction services that create virtual models based on data obtained from a 3D scanning system operating on the laser striping principle. This solution is intended to be used for digital preservation efforts of the cultural artefacts from the Brasov history museum by creating a digital archive with their 3D virtual models.
Determination of errors in derived magnetic field directions ingeosynchronous orbit: results from a statistical approach

Abstract. This study aims to statistically estimate the errors in local magnetic field directions that are derived from electron directional distributions measured by Los Alamos National Laboratory geosynchronous (LANL GEO) satellites. First, by comparing derived and measured magnetic field directions along the GEO orbit to those calculated from three selected empirical global magnetic field models (including a static Olson and Pfitzer 1977 quiet magnetic field model, a simple dynamic Tsyganenko 1989 model, and a sophisticated dynamic Tsyganenko 2001 storm model), it is shown that the errors in both derived and modeled directions are at least comparable. Second, using a newly developed proxy method as well as comparing results from empirical models, we are able to provide for the first time circumstantial evidence showing that derived magnetic field directions should statistically match the real magnetic directions better, with averaged errors ∼ 5°. In addition, our results suggest that the errors in derived magnetic field directions do not depend much on magnetospheric activity, in contrast to the empirical field models. Finally, as applications of the above conclusions, we show examples of electron pitch angle distributions observed by LANL GEO and also take the derived magnetic field directions as the real ones so as to test the performance of empirical field models along the GEO orbits, with results suggesting dependence on solar cycles as well as satellite locations. This study demonstrates the validity and value of the method that infers local magnetic field directions from particle spin-resolved distributions.
La terminologie : un outil nécessaire pour le traducteur spécialisé

Language disciplines, including Terminology and Specialized Translation, have made great strides after the second half of the twentieth century. This development, related to technological growth and international communication that occurred during this period, has resulted in a considerable increase of concepts. Thus, experts have become more and more aware of the importance of naming these new concepts. Specialized translators were among the first language professionals to recognize the need of mastering the terminology of specialized fields in order to perform their duties well (Antia et coll., 2005). In this work, we study the very close relationship between Terminology and Specialized Translation. We also study the theoretical and practical knowledge of Terminology that a specialized translator should have.
Novel plasmon laser design based on high-quality-factor cup resonator

Using finite-difference time-domain simulations, we designed a high-quality-factor “cup” resonator for surface-plasmon-polaritons operating at visible frequencies. By introducing a 4-level gain medium into the cup-structure, we simulated the lasing action of this novel plasmon laser.
Preference Elicitation for DCOPs

Distributed Constraint Optimization Problems (DCOPs) offer a powerful approach for the description and resolution of cooperative multi-agent problems. In this model, a group of agents coordinate their actions to optimize a global objective function, taking into account their preferences or constraints. A core limitation of this model is the assumption that the preferences of all agents or the costs of all constraints are specified a priori. Unfortunately, this assumption does not hold in a number of application domains where preferences or constraints must be elicited from the users. One of such domains is the Smart Home Device Scheduling (SHDS) problem. Motivated by this limitation, we make the following contributions in this paper: (1) We propose a general model for preference elicitation in DCOPs; (2) We propose several heuristics to elicit preferences in DCOPs; and (3) We empirically evaluate the effect of these heuristics on random binary DCOPs as well as SHDS problems.
Universes without the weak force: Astrophysical processes with stable neutrons

We investigate a class of universes in which the weak interaction is not in operation. We consider how astrophysical processes are altered in the absence of weak forces, including big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), galaxy formation, molecular cloud assembly, star formation, and stellar evolution. Without weak interactions, neutrons no longer decay, and the universe emerges from its early epochs with a mixture of protons, neutrons, deuterium, and helium. The baryon-to-photon ratio must be smaller than the canonical value in our Universe to allow free nucleons to survive the BBN epoch without being incorporated into heavier nuclei. At later times, the free neutrons readily combine with protons to make deuterium in sufficiently dense parts of the interstellar medium, and provide a power source before they are incorporated into stars. Almost all of the neutrons are incorporated into deuterium nuclei before stars are formed. As a result, stellar evolution proceeds primarily through strong interactions, with deuterium first burning into helium, and then helium fusing into carbon. Low-mass deuterium-burning stars can be long-lived, and higher-mass stars can synthesize the heavier elements necessary for life. Although somewhat different from our own, such universes remain potentially habitable.
Mechanical behaviors of hierarchical cellular structures with negative Poisson’s ratio

An investigation of the mechanical behaviors on hierarchical re-entrant honeycomb structures was undertaken using finite element method. The hierarchical structure with a hierarchy order n (n ≥ 1) was constructed by replacing each vertex of a re-entrant hexagonal structure of hierarchy order n − 1 with a smaller re-entrant hexagon with identical geometry aspect ratio. The Poisson’s ratio and energy absorption capacity of re-entrant structures of different hierarchy orders were studied under various compression velocities. The minimum Poisson’s ratios of the first-order (n = 1) and second-order (n = 2) hierarchical re-entrant structures were − 1.581 and − 1.823, respectively; they were 32.9 and 53.2% lower than that of a zeroth-order hierarchical structure (i.e., conventional re-entrant hexagon). The second-order hierarchical structure exhibited the highest rate of increase in energy absorption capacity with an increasing compression velocity. The plateau stresses of the first- and second-order hierarchical structures were lower than that of the zeroth-order hierarchical structure; however, the second-order hierarchical structure exhibited the highest energy absorption capacity at high compression velocity rate (v > 40 m/s). The energy absorption capacities of the first- and second-order hierarchical structures proposed in the present study are 1.5 and 1.8 times, respectively, higher than those of the hierarchical re-entrant structures proposed in our previous work (Li et al. in Smart Mater Struct 26:025014, 2017).
When Virtuality and Reality Meet: Online Courses, Experiential Learning and Political Engagement

While the expansion of online education and initiatives to promote undergraduate civic engagement have been contemporaneous, only recently have the two converged. Service e-learning or e-service, for example, is viewed as an emergent pedagogy. This paper reviews the opportunities and challenges for experiential learning in online courses. Online technology increases access to experiential learning opportunities for a geographically-dispersed and diverse range of students and community partners, which, in turn, fosters longer-term community connections for students. The online environment is conducive to increased dialogue, individual and collaborative reflection, and in-depth consideration of the relationship between experiences and academic course work. Online courses also can promote information literacy development and advocacy involvement. At the same time, the execution of e-service in online courses entails unique structural, operational and logistical challenges with geographically diverse placements. Online students are more likely to hold full-time jobs, which also can make placement and participation in experiential learning projects more difficult. Few studies of online experiential education have examined political engagement outcomes directly. This pilot case study evaluates the contributions of experiential elements in an online undergraduate state and local government class to political engagement, including political understanding, skills, motivation, and participation. This course featured three experiential elements: attendance at local government meetings, viewing a webcast of redistricting hearings, and an optional issue-oriented service learning project. Qualitative analysis of student reflections and discussion posts suggests that experiential elements of the course appeared to foster political knowledge, skills, and motivation. Using measures of political engagement from the Carnegie Political Engagement Project (Colby et al 2008) and van Assendelft (2008), pre- and post-test surveys found some indications of enhanced political engagements, although the small sample size limited statistical analysis. At the same time, the pilot study revealed the difficulties of tailored and geographically dispersed service learning placements in the online environment.
Recent Developments in Optical Information Processing Using Nonlinearity and Feedback

By using nonlinearity and optical feedback the flexibility of optical processing can be increased. Logarithm, equi-density contour mapping, and A/D conversion are nonlinear operations which have already been successfully implemented with halftone screen processes [1–3]. These and other nonlinear operations as well as optical digital processing can be performed by suitable image thresholding and planar logic devices [4,5]. To accomplish optical feedback, partially reflecting mirrors have been utilized [5–7]. Optical processing systems with coherent feedback allow for the realization of the well-known feedback transfer function in two dimensions. In this paper some progress during the last year in the studies at UCSD involving nonlinear optical devices and optical feedback is reported, together with brief reviews of relevant background information.
Methods Used in Probabilistic Risk Assessment for Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis

Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) plays an important role in the nuclear reactor regulatory process, and the assessment of uncertainties associated with PRA results is widely recognized as an important part of the analysis process. However, uncertainty analysis and sensitivity analysis in the context of PRA are relatively immature fields. A review of available methods for uncertainty analysis and sensitivity analysis in the context of a PRA is presented. This review first treats methods for use with individual components of a PRA and then considers how these methods could be combined in the performance of a complete PRA. In the context of this paper, the goal of uncertainty analysis is to measure the imprecision in PRA outcomes of interest, and the goal of sensitivity analysis is to identify the major contributors to this imprecision.
Pesticide exposure and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in an urban population of predominantly African-American women:

Objective: Past studies have reported associations between pesticide exposure and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Residential pesticide exposure has been less well studied than agri...
“There Would Be No Lynching If It Did Not Start in the Schoolroom”: Carter G. Woodson and the Occasion of Negro History Week, 1926–1950:

This article analyzes Carter G. Woodson’s iconic Negro History Week and its impact on Black schools during Jim Crow. Negro History Week introduced knowledge on Afro-diasporic history and culture to...
Engineering Plants for Farming and Pharming

Although unable to flee predators or sub-optimal growth conditions, plants have the incredible ability to continue normal life after losing whole organs. They can also alter the expression-levels o...
Exit, voice, loyalty: The case of the BDS:

The essay proposes an unexpected alliance between two of the figures assembled in the impressive intellectual constellation Benhabib presents in her new book: Albert O. Hirschman and Judith Butler....