cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EPR of Mn2+-doped ammonium oxalate monohydrate

Abstract Detailed X-band EPR studies on an Mn2+-doped single crystal of ammonium oxalate monohydrate have been carried out at room, liquid nitrogen and liquid helium temperatures. The spin-Hamiltonian parameters are rigorously estimated using a recently-developed least-squares-fitting technique, especially adapted to electron-nuclear spin coupled systems. The absolute signs of parameters are determined from the relative intensity of lines at liquid-helium temperature. The present data are used to determine unequivocally the defect formation in the ammonium oxalate monohydrate lattice when Mn2+ ions substitute in it, thus resolving the presently existing controversy in the already-published results.
Symptom occurrence and severity on the therapy-related symptom checklist for children among Hispanic pediatric oncology outpatients.

BACKGROUND A calibrated easy-to-use symptom checklist for children who are under treatment for cancer had been developed and reported in Cancer Nursing. The 30-item Therapy-Related Symptom Checklist for Children (TRSC-C) has good measurement and psychometric properties and uses "kid-friendly" terms to monitor symptom occurrence and severity during oncology treatment. A secondary analysis is reported using participants who self-identified as Hispanic. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine among Hispanic pediatric oncology outpatients (a) occurrence and (b) severity of symptoms reported on the TRSC-C, (c) relationships of symptoms to gender and age (<12 vs ≥12), and (d) differences in summated TRSC-C symptom scores between patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and other diagnoses. METHOD This was a cross-sectional analysis using secondary data and descriptive statistics. SAMPLE The sample was composed of 79 children (55% male) aged 5 to 17 years (mean, 10.3 years) with diagnosis of ALL (52%) or other (48%). Instrument used was TRSC-C by patient/parent report (Cronbach's α = .91). RESULTS (a) Symptom occurrence: 15 symptoms on the TRSC-C were reported by 40% or greater. (b) Severity means on 11 symptoms were greater than "a little bit." (c) No gender or age differences were found on mean TRSC-C summated scores. (d) Mean TRSC-C scores (symptom occurrence and severity) were slightly lower but not significantly different (t = 1.71) between ALL (13.71 [SD, 8.06]) and other diagnoses (15.71 [SD, 7.01]). CONCLUSION Symptom occurrence and severity reported on the TRSC-C by this Hispanic subsample are consistent with findings in the calibration study and with those of another Hispanic group and other ethnicities. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Use of the TRSC-C is appropriate during pediatric oncology treatment and diagnoses of Hispanic populations.
Chemohormone therapy of metastatic melanoma with megestrol acetate plus dacarbazine, carmustine, and cisplatin

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy with dacarbazine, carmustine, and cisplatin produces a modest objective response rate in melanoma. Megestrol acetate may ameliorate cachexia, abrogate drug resistance, and increase survival time in melanoma. METHODS: Nineteen patients with metastatic melanoma (16 evaluable) treated with dacarbazine (220 mg/m2/day for 3 days, intravenously [IV]), cisplatin (25 mg/m2/day for 3 days IV) every 3 weeks, and carmustine (150 mg/m2 IV single dose every 6 weeks) together with megestrol acetate (160 mg/day by mouth continuously) starting 2 days before chemotherapy. RESULTS: This regimen was well tolerated and resulted in a mean net weight gain of 1.45 kg. A 47% objective response rate was observed in all patients, including visceral sites of response, with a 39+ week median duration of response and median survival time of 16.7+ months in all evaluable patients. CONCLUSIONS: In this small Phase II study, the authors showed that megestrol acetate may contribute to a high objective response rate and prolonged median survival when used with a chemotherapy regimen of dacarbazine, carmustine, and cisplatin.
Human resource management, ethical context, and personnel consequences: A commentary essay

Abstract In the Journal of Business Research, Koonmee, Singhapakdi, Virakul, and Lee (2010) empirically explore the notion that institutionalized ethics and quality of work life can be utilized in companies to prompt different positive work outcomes. This commentary essay considers the theoretical and practical contributions of this research, as well as the study's virtues and limitations, and offers several suggestions for future inquiry based on the findings. As a whole, the HR field should more fully consider how a variety of positive personnel consequences might be prompted from an ethical context developed through beneficial human resource management practices.
RADIOENZYMATIC(REA)ASSAY OF CATECHOLAMINES

Catecholamines play a prominent role in neural and endocrine integrative mechanisms and exert specific effects on lipld and carbohydrate metabolism. Despite their physiologic significance adequate information regarding plasma concentration(concent) and variation under various physiopathologic conditions is lacking. By means of a REA blood concent of epinephrine(E) and norepinephrine(NE), in the fasting state(F) and in response to insulin induced hypoglycemia were studied. 16 children with endocrine disorders and 8 with no apparent disease(controls-C)were included in the study. Fasting levels of E and NE in C(Mean±SE)were 104±23 and 206±47 pg/ml. At 60' post insulin, E increased to 1111±381 pg/ml, P 0.05. In 3 pts with Ketotic hypoglycemia(KH), E and NE at F and 60' were comparable to C group, 100±17 and 458±18 and 294±18 and 243±34 pg/ml respectively. 2 pts with Reactive hypoglycemia(RH) and 1 with GH deficiency had minimal E responses, 45 to 83, 17 to 32 and 33 to 50 pg/ml. A pt with panhypopit(PH) exhibited the highest levels of E and NE at F, 30 and 60'; 1619, 2498 and 2127 pg/ml for E and 1413, 6385 and 2475 pg/ml for NE respectively. In remaining pts, F and 60', E and NE were normal. Contrary to previous observations, E and NE concent and responses in pts with KH were comparable to C group. Surprisingly, however, low E concent and responses were found in 2 pts with RH, and markedly elevated E and NE levels, in PH pt. These observations imply the significance of the REA of catecholamines and warrant further investigation of their role in these endocrinopathies.
Measuring AAC interventions for individuals with severe developmental disabilities

This paper considers the issue of efficacy as it relates to augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions for children with severe developmental disabilities. First, we briefly summarize our program of research including our initial longitudinal study of augmented language acquisition and a follow-up trilogy of studies that focused on characterizing the outcomes of the AAC intervention. We then discuss four broad methodological research considerations that have emerged from our own research and may influence the field's ability to assess the efficacy of AAC interventions: participant selection, intervention approaches, experimental design, and measurement of change.
Phase Locking of SBS Slow Light in a 2.2-km Single-Mode Fiber

A stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) slow light system in a 2.2-km single-mode fiber was phase locked to a reference signal. Optical pulses of 6.5 ns duration were delayed 0.9 pulse width while maintaining lock.
Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation and Other Major Cardiac Sources of Embolism

The frequency of cardioembolic stroke is expected to rise as the general population ages. Much of the increase may be attributed to atrial fibrillation, the most common cause of cardioembolic stroke and one that plays a substantial role in aging adults. Other sources of cardioembolic stroke may include ventricular thrombus from myocardial infarction, heart failure, structural heart defects such as patent foramen ovale (PFO), atrial septal aneurysm, proximal aortic atheroma, valvular heart disease, and endocarditis. Diagnostic studies, such as neuroimaging, ECG, and echocardiography, are helpful in uncovering cardioembolic sources of stroke. Medical therapy is predicated on the underlying mechanism. For example, warfarin may be indicated in certain patients who have atrial fibrillation, atrial, or ventricular thrombi, and PFO with atrial septal aneurysm and cryptogenic stroke in select young patients to prevent stroke. Newer diagnostic technologies, including multidetector CT and cardiac MRI, may be useful to diagnose cardiac causes of stroke when transesophageal echocardiography is indeterminate or cryptogenic stroke is present.
Effect of platelet activity of inhibition of adenylate cyclase

Abstract SQ22536 (9-[tetrahydro-2-furyl]-adenine), an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, blocks the inhibition of platelet function by substances that stimulate this enzyme, including PGE 1 , PGI 2 , PGD 2 , and adenosine. SQ22536 enhances platelet aggregation and serotonin release induced by prostaglandin endoperoxides and their analogs but does not consistently affect the platelet response to ADP or other agonists. SQ22536 reduced platelet cyclic AMP and inhibits the effect on this nucleotide of PGE 1 and adenosine. The elevation of cyclic GMP induced by ADP is prevented by SQ22536.
Use of cloned DNA methylase genes to increase the frequency of transfer of foreign genes into Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum.

Abstract In vitro-packaged cosmid libraries of DNA from the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum were restricted 200- to 1,000-fold when introduced into Mcr+ strains of Escherichia coli compared with restriction in the Mcr- strain HB101. Restriction was predominantly associated with the mcrBC+ gene in E. coli. A plasmid (pUFR052) encoding the XmaI and XmaIII DNA methylases was isolated from an X. campestris pv. malvacearum library by a screening procedure utilizing Mcr+ and Mcr- E. coli strains. Transfer of plasmids from E. coli strains to X. campestris pv. malvacearum by conjugation was enhanced by up to five orders of magnitude when the donor cells contained pUFR052 as well as the plasmid to be transferred. Subcloning of pUFR052 revealed that at least two regions of the plasmid were required for full modification activity. Use of such modifier plasmids is a simple, novel method that may allow the efficient introduction of genes into any organism in which restriction systems provide a potent barrier to such gene transfer.
The Non-Intrusion Controversy in Scotland, 1832–1943

The non-intrusion controversy in the Church of Scotland grew out of a demand of the evangelical group in that Church that the intrusion of ministers on unwilling congregations be stopped. The patrons, who had been accused of intruding unsatisfactory ministers on parishes, insisted that the presentee must be accepted by the parish unless valid objections were raised to his theology, literary style, or moral character. On the other hand, the more zealous of the Scottish clergy and laity vehemently insisted that the presentee, in addition to possessing those qualifications, must be personally “acceptable” to the congregation. In fact, many insisted that when the presbytery was moderating in the call, the question of the presentee's “acceptability” outweighed all other considerations.
Abnormal Hippocampal Functioning and Impaired Spatial Navigation in Depressed Individuals: Evidence From Whole-Head Magnetoencephalography

ObjectiveDysfunction of the hippocampus has long been suspected to be a key component of the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. Despite evidence of hippocampal structural abnormalities in depressed patients, abnormal hippocampal functioning has not been demonstrated. The authors aimed to link spatial navigation deficits previously documented in depressed patients to abnormal hippocampal functioning using a virtual reality navigation task. MethodWhole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings were collected while participants (19 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder and 19 healthy subjects matched by gender and age) navigated a virtual Morris water maze to find a hidden platform; navigation to a visible platform served as a control condition. Behavioral measures were obtained to assess navigation performance. Theta oscillatory activity (4–8 Hz) was mapped across the brain on a voxel-wise basis using a spatial-filtering MEG source analysis technique. ResultsDepressed patients perf...
On irreducible no-hole L(2, 1)-coloring of trees

We consider a variant of the channel assignment problem in which frequencies are assigned to transmitters in a way that avoids interference while ensuring that all frequencies within the bandwidth are used. This is modeled as an L(2, 1)-coloring of a graph which is no-hole and irreducible in the sense that no color can be replaced with a smaller one. In this article, we show that if the network is any tree other than a star, then frequencies may be assigned in this fashion without increasing the bandwidth; that is, we show that for any such tree T, the inh-span of T is equal to its span. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009
Low serum carotenoids are associated with a decline in walking speed in older women

Background and Objectives Walking speed is an important measure of physical performance that is predictive of disability and mortality. The relationship of dietary factors to changes in physical performance has not been well characterized in older adults. The aim was to determine whether total serum carotenoid concentrations, a marker for fruit and vegetable intake, and serum selenium are related to changes in walking speed in older women.
A 16-channel CMOS neural stimulating array

A probe designed for the highly selective long-term stimulation of neuronal assemblies in the central nervous system is described. The micromachined multishank probe incorporates CMOS circuitry to control the output current on 16 iridium oxide (IrO) electrode sites. Serial site addresses and current amplitude data are loaded into the probe at 4 MHz and converted to analog stimulus currents. The probe circuitry dissipates only 80 mu W from +or-5-V supplies when not delivering stimulus currents and uses five external leads. It permits the IrO sites to be activated by voltammetry from off-chip, provides per-channel pulse time-outs to prevent accidental overstimulation of the tissue, and signals the external world, using a status bit, in the event of certain trouble conditions. The stimulating site impedances and the stimulus currents can be measured from off chip on demand. The circuitry is implemented in a single-metal, single-poly, CMOS process with 3- mu m minimum features using 7100 transistors in an area of 11 mm/sup 2/. >
Should patients on warfarin for 3 months for idiopathic proximal deep venous thrombosis receive bridging therapy precolonoscopy (with expected biopsy)

A 63-year-old woman presents to discuss periprocedure anticoagulation management. She has been on oral warfarin with an international normalized ratio between 2 and 3 for the past 3 months because of an idiopathic left popliteal vein thrombosis. A colonic polyp was identified during her purely diagnostic colonoscopy performed as part of her age- and gender-appropriate cancer screening. Immediate repeat colonoscopy with polypectomy is recommended. The clinician is asked to provide periprocedural anticoagulation recommendations.
Evaluation of Cage Floor Systems for Production of Commercial Broilers

Abstract Flooring materials evaluated consisted of three types of mesh (wire, steel, and plastic), three types of perforated floor (wood, styrofoam, and plastic), and three types of doweling (rigid, rotating, and padded). A solid wood floor with wood shavings litter served as a control. Parameters measured included body weight at 4, 6, and 8 wk and dressed carcass weight. Breast blisters, feather soilage, broken bones, feed consumption, percentage abdominal fat, and mortality rate for each floor type were also evaluated. Birds grown on wire mesh floors experienced a significant reduction in live body weight at 6 and 8 wk of age when compared with all other floor types tested. The remaining experimental floor types were comparable to the litter floor control group when using body weight as the performance criterion. The mesh floors experienced the highest incidence of breast blisters and the padded dowel group experienced the least. Feather soilage was a problem only with the perforated wood and styrofoam floor systems. Abdominal fat did not seem to be related to experimental floor type. The incidence of wing breakage during processing was significantly greater than leg breakage for all floor systems tested. Mortality was only a problem with the birds reared on wire mesh floors. The overall data suggests that a padded dowel floor system can be used to produce cage broilers about 2,500 g in weight without leg or breast damage and that these birds will be equivalent to those currently produced by the industry on a litter floor system.
Symmetric inertial confinement fusion implosions at ultra-high laser energies.

Indirect-drive hohlraum experiments at the National Ignition Facility have demonstrated symmetric capsule implosions at unprecedented laser drive energies of 0.7 megajoule. One hundred and ninety-two simultaneously fired laser beams heat ignition-emulate hohlraums to radiation temperatures of 3.3 million kelvin, compressing 1.8-millimeter-diameter capsules by the soft x-rays produced by the hohlraum. Self-generated plasma optics gratings on either end of the hohlraum tune the laser power distribution in the hohlraum, which produces a symmetric x-ray drive as inferred from the shape of the capsule self-emission. These experiments indicate that the conditions are suitable for compressing deuterium-tritium–filled capsules, with the goal of achieving burning fusion plasmas and energy gain in the laboratory.
Attitudes of select music performance faculty toward students teaching private lessons after graduation: A USA pilot study

The present study was designed to pilot test an adjusted version of a questionnaire, used in earlier studies with college music students, to determine opinions of college music faculty on the topic of private lesson teaching. Full-time tenure-track college music faculty, with primary appointments in applied music at two universities in the United States, were contacted for the project. Thirtytwo of 51 completed the task with no negative comments about the format, focus or specific questions in the instrument. Results were similar in many ways to previous student responses, and this group felt strongly that they liked teaching, training for teaching is important, and that their applied music lesson students would likely teach someday themselves. They enjoyed talking about pedagogical issues with students and liked the challenges of teaching musicians. Future research with this instrument should focus on larger groups with delineations in specialty area, faculty appointment, institution type/size, teaching assignment, and global representation.
Intelligent profiling by example

The Apt Decision agent learns user preferences in the domain of rental real estate by observing the user's critique of apartment features. Users provide a small number of criteria in the initial interaction, receive a display of sample apartments, and then react to any feature of any apartment independently, in any order. Users learn which features are important to them as they discover the details of specific apartments. The agent uses interactive learning techniques to build a profile of user preferences, which can then be saved and used in further retrievals. Because the user's actions in specifying preferences are also used by the agent to create a profile, the result is an agent that builds a profile without redundant or unnecessary effort on the user's part.
Accurate identification of polyadenylation sites from 3' end deep sequencing using a naive Bayes classifier.

Motivation: 3′ end processing is important for transcription termination, mRNA stability and regulation of gene expression. To identify 3′ ends, most techniques use an oligo-dT primer to construct deep sequencing libraries. However, this approach can lead to identification of artifactual polyadenylation sites due to internal priming in homopolymeric stretches of adenines. Although heuristic filters have been applied in these cases, they typically result in a high proportion of both false-positive and -negative classifications. Therefore, there is a need to develop improved algorithms to better identify mis-priming events in oligo-dT primed sequences. Results: By analyzing sequence features flanking 3′ ends derived from oligo-dT-based sequencing, we developed a naive Bayes classifier to classify them as true or false/internally primed. The resulting algorithm is highly accurate, outperforms previous heuristic filters and facilitates identification of novel polyadenylation sites. Contact: ude.demssamu@noswal.nahtan Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Advances in unsupervised audio classification and segmentation for the broadcast news and NGSW corpora

The problem of unsupervised audio classification and segmentation continues to be a challenging research problem which significantly impacts automatic speech recognition (ASR) and spoken document retrieval (SDR) performance. This paper addresses novel advances in 1) audio classification for speech recognition and 2) audio segmentation for unsupervised multispeaker change detection. A new algorithm is proposed for audio classification, which is based on weighted GMM Networks (WGN). Two new extended-time features: variance of the spectrum flux (VSF) and variance of the zero-crossing rate (VZCR) are used to preclassify the audio and supply weights to the output probabilities of the GMM networks. The classification is then implemented using weighted GMM networks. Since historically there have been no features specifically designed for audio segmentation, we evaluate 16 potential features including three new proposed features: perceptual minimum variance distortionless response (PMVDR), smoothed zero-crossing rate (SZCR), and filterbank log energy coefficients (FBLC) in 14 noisy environments to determine the best robust features on the average across these conditions. Next, a new distance metric, T/sup 2/-mean, is proposed which is intended to improve segmentation for short segment turns (i.e., 1-5 s). A new false alarm compensation procedure is implemented, which can compensate the false alarm rate significantly with little cost to the miss rate. Evaluations on a standard data set-Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Hub4 Broadcast News 1997 evaluation data-show that the WGN classification algorithm achieves over a 50% improvement versus the GMM network baseline algorithm, and the proposed compound segmentation algorithm achieves 23%-10% improvement in all metrics versus the baseline Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and traditional Bayesian information criterion (BIC) algorithm. The new classification and segmentation algorithms also obtain very satisfactory results on the more diverse and challenging National Gallery of the Spoken Word (NGSW) corpus.
Light Reflectance Spectroscopy to Detect Positive Surgical Margins on Prostate Cancer Specimens

Purpose: Intraoperative frozen section analysis is not routinely performed to determine positive surgical margins at radical prostatectomy due to time requirements and unproven clinical usefulness. Light reflectance spectroscopy, which measures light intensity reflected or backscattered from tissues, can be applied to differentiate malignant from benign tissue. We used a novel light reflectance spectroscopy probe to evaluate positive surgical margins on ex vivo radical prostatectomy specimens and correlate its findings with pathological examination.Materials and Methods: Patients with intermediate to high risk disease undergoing radical prostatectomy were enrolled. Light reflectance spectroscopy was performed on suspected malignant and benign prostate capsule immediately following organ extraction. Each light reflectance spectroscopy at 530 to 830 nm was analyzed and correlated with pathological results. A regression model and forward sequential selection algorithm were developed for optimal feature selec...
Improved ephemerides of Pluto

The history of the Pluto ephemerides created at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory is given. The uncertainties of present and possible future ephemerides are illustrated, and it is shown how rapidly the error grows for any present-day ephemeris of Pluto which is extrapolated into the future--tens of thousands of kilometers after only a decade. Continuing the observations into the future not only will reduce the extrapolation time but will provide a substantial improvement to the ephemeris itself.
Non-Linear Dynamics of a Magnetic Vortex

We have investigated magnetic vortex dynamics in the frequency and time domains using time-resolved Kerr microscopy. A synchronous detection technique allows us to probe a single disk over a large dynamic range (four orders of magnitude in excitation power). Three regimes are identified. At low excitation amplitudes, the gyrotropic motion of the vortex is strongly modified by the presence of point-like defects. As the amplitude increases, the system passes through a depinning transition, above which the gyroptropic dynamics are determined by the magnetostatic potential of the disk. At very high amplitudes, the assumption of a rigid vortex core breaks down and the dynamics are dominated by successive reversals of the vortex core polarity.
Impedance-Based Fault Location in Transmission Networks: Theory and Application

A number of impedance-based fault location algorithms have been developed for estimating the distance to faults in a transmission network. Each algorithm has specific input data requirements and makes certain assumptions that may or may not hold true in a particular fault location scenario. Without a detailed understanding of the principle of each fault-locating method, choosing the most suitable fault location algorithm can be a challenging task. This paper, therefore, presents the theory of one-ended (simple reactance, Takagi, modified Takagi, Eriksson, and Novosel et al. ) and two-ended (synchronized, unsynchronized, and current-only) impedance-based fault location algorithms and demonstrates their application in locating real-world faults. The theory details the formulation and input data requirement of each fault-locating algorithm and evaluates the sensitivity of each to the following error sources: 1) load; 2) remote infeed; 3) fault resistance; 4) mutual coupling; 5) inaccurate line impedances; 6) DC offset and CT saturation; 7) three-terminal lines; and 8) tapped radial lines. From the theoretical analysis and field data testing, the following criteria are recommended for choosing the most suitable fault-locating algorithm: 1) data availability and 2) fault location application scenario. Another objective of this paper is to assess what additional information can be gleaned from waveforms recorded by intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) during a fault. Actual fault event data captured in utility networks is exploited to gain valuable feedback about the transmission network upstream from the IED device, and estimate the value of fault resistance.
The Syndrome of Short P-R Interval Normal QRS Complex and Paroxysmal Rapid Heart Action

A short A-V conduction time, whether present with normal or with abnormal QRS complex, is associated with an increased incidence of paroxysmal rapid heart action. There are a considerable number of patients who have a short P-R interval, normal QRS complex and bouts of tachycardia. They are usually females, in middle life, devoid of organic heart disease and exhibit a snapping apical first heart sound. They do not demonstrate any of the features of anomalous A-V conduction. Evidence is presented suggesting the operation of endocrine and autonomic nervous system factors in the genesis both of the short P-R interval and the tachycardia.
Arginine Nutrition and Cardiovascular Function

L-Arginine (Arg) is the substrate for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), the endothelium-derived relaxing factor essential for regulating vascular tone and hemodynamics. NO stimulates angiogenesis, but inhibits endothelin-1 release, leukocyte adhesion, platelet aggregation, superoxide generation, the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecules and monocyte chemotactic peptides, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Arg exerts its vascular actions also through NO-independent effects, including membrane depolarization, syntheses of creatine, proline and polyamines, secretion of insulin, growth hormone, glucagon and prolactin, plasmin generation and fibrinogenolysis, superoxide scavenging and inhibition of leukocyte adhesion to nonendothelial matrix. Compelling evidence shows that enteral or parenteral administration of Arg reverses endothelial dysfunction associated with major cardiovascular risk factors (hypercholesterolemia, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity/insulin resistance and aging) and ameliorates many common cardiovascular disorders (coronary and peripheral arterial disease, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and heart failure). Dietary Arg supplementation may represent a potentially novel nutritional strategy for preventing and treating cardiovascular disease.
Self-efficacy, state anxiety, and cortisol responses to treadmill running.

Social cognitive theory of Bandura hypothesizes that increases in self-efficacy act as a mechanism for anxiety reduction and lower biological stress reactions. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine self-efficacy, anxiety, and Cortisol responses to 20 minutes of treadmill running at 85% maximal heart rate and a control condition among 12 physically active males. For this study, self-efficacy, anxiety, and Cortisol were measured prior to and 5 and 20 min. after exercise for individuals completing a 20-min. treadmill running activity or a 20-min. rest (control) activity. Repeated-measures analyses of variance showed significant condition by time interaction for self-efficacy and Cortisol (ps<.05); the exercise group's self-efficacy and Cortisol increased pre- to posttreatment. Moreover, the analysis of variance for anxiety yielded a main effect for time, with reductions in anxiety scores observed in both conditions. Correlational analyses showed that posttreatment Cortisol levels were in...
A Model for Internal Auditor Selection: The Case of a Trading Company in Hong Kong

Research on internal auditor selection has had limited exposure in the auditing literature. Recently Seol & Sarkis introduced a multi-attribute decision model, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP), for the process of internal auditor selection. The purpose of this paper is to extend and validate the proposed model by Seol & Sarkis in an actual internal auditor selection process. Real case information from a trading company in Hong Kong that has gone through a recent experience in hiring entry level internal auditors was used for the study. Data were collected using an intensive survey of the importance of each attribute/skill provided by the Competency Framework for Internal Auditing (CFIA) and followed by an actual application of such skills in a recent hiring experience. Results show the effectiveness of AHP and the comprehensive characteristics of the factors involved in the decision. Further implications of the method are also discussed in the paper.
Validation of a Portuguese Form of Templer's Death Anxiety Scale

To translate Templer's Death Anxiety Scale into the Brazilian Portuguese Escala de Ansiedade de Morte, linguistic validity was first established by back-translation and calculating bilingual split-half reliability coefficients. Even-numbered items achieved a minimally adequate .59, while the odd-numbered items attained a satisfactory .91. The internal consistency of the Escala (.77) matches that found for the original scale. The construct validity was tested by replicating the interactions of the English form with (1) the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, (2) the Purpose-in-Life Test, and (3) Levenson's measure of locus of control. The Escala performed as expected, save for some difficulty with the locus of control measure.
Quality indicators for the care of pressure ulcers in vulnerable elders

Of the 15 potential QIs, the expert panel process judged 13 to be valid; two were rejected.
CHOICES FOR LEXICAL SEMANTICS

The modern computational lexical semantics has reached a point in its development when it has become useful to compare the goals and methods of the various approaches to it. This article proposes several choices in terms of which these goals and methods can be discussed. It is argued that the central questions include the use of lexical rules for generating word senses; the role of syntax and formal semantics in the specification of lexical meaning; the use of a world model, or ontology, as the organizing principle for lexical-semantic descriptions; the relation between static and dynamic resources; the commitment to descriptive coverage; the tradeoff between generalization and idiosyncracy; and finally, the adherence to the “supply side” (method-oriented) or “demand side” (task-oriented) ideology of research. The discussion is inspired by, but not limited to, the comparison between the generative lexicon approach and the ontologic semantic approach to lexical semantics. It is fair to say that lexical semantics, the study of word meaning and of its representation in the lexicon, experienced a powerful resurgence within the last decade. The lexical semantics community is quite heterogeneous. It includes former syntacticians, reformed and dyed-in-the-wool formal semanticists, and a considerable chunk of the NLP community. It includes both linguists and computer scientists, some with a strong statistical and probabilistic bent and others pursuing the use of large corpora and MRDs, some actively engaged in developing NLP systems and some others working on designs for the systems of the immediate future. It also includes some “engineer” types who opt to view the field through the prism of an individual concrete application or technique. This article attempts to carry out a comparative analysis of several major directions in lexical semantics. Accordingly, this article differs in genre from most “standard” contributions in the field in that instead of describing a particular phenomenon, method, or system, it intends take stock of the field in its current state of development. There is nothing really novel in this genre, since every academic field at a certain stage develops a need for self-assessment in substantive terms. Articles such as this are often couched, overtly or implicitly, as polemics. While the works Chomsky (1959) or Weinreich (1966) could not be called purely theoretical articles, their contribution to the scientific process was outstanding and arguably more important than that of many nonpolemical works. While not competing with these classics, this article follows, as it were, in their footsteps. Our main objective has been to try to tease out the often unstated preferences and differences among the practicioners of lexical semantics. Our device for this is to propose a set of issues that we think are important for the field and to try to recreate the attitudes of various researchers toward these issues. By doing so, we may have created a few “straw men” on the way, but no position we will list is without well-recorded support in the community.
Worldwide Faculty Perceptions of Marketing Journals: Rankings, Trends, Comparisons, and Segmentations

Scholarship in marketing journals serves a critically important role in developing the knowledge base of marketing. Knowledge contributions lead to advancements in the marketing field as well as to individual recognitions such as promotions, merit increases, and various accolades. In this study of 629 faculty members from a sampling frame of the worldwide marketing professorate, we develop a relative hierarchical positioning of marketing journals using the Popularity/Familiarity and Importance/Prestige Indices. Rankings are presented for the overall sample along with the results of ten segmented analyses involving faculty rank, geographic location of schools, and substantive subareas within marketing. To better understand the maturity and complexity of the field, a trend analysis using 1987, 1997, and 2007 data is also conducted, and comparisons to ranking studies using different methodologies are summarized. Broadly, the results indicate that JM, JMR, and JCR maintain their top three rankings from 1987 and 1997 also in 2007, and that the Journal of Service Research and Quantitative Marketing and Economics are strong new entries in the rankings. Overall, the paper significantly extends previous knowledge by providing an intertemporal analysis, conducting new segmentation analyses of the faculty perceptions, and triangulating the results with those of prior studies using alternative methods.
Organic “Soft“ Materials

Take a minute to look at the room and furnishings around you. Virtually everything you will see is at least partially comprised of organic-based building blocks. From the plastics that surround electronic components to individual carpet fibers, no other type of material is as heavily utilized in our society as organic-based polymers. As first defined by Staudinger in 1920, a polymer is any material that is comprised of an extended structure of small chemical repeat units, known as monomers. For simplicity, the monomeric unit is almost always clearly identified within the polymer name (i.e., “poly(monomeric unit),” Figure 5.1). A polymer is generally comprised of more than 100 repeat units; structures with lower numbers of chemical repeat units are known as oligomers. Strictly speaking, all solid-state materials with an infinite structural array are classified as polymers – even inorganic structures such as metals, ceramics, and glasses. However, since we have described inorganic-based materials in previous chapters, we will focus our present discussion on polymeric materials that feature a carbon-containing backbone.
Fault Detection and Isolation of Automotive Air Conditioning Systems using First Principle Models

Although model-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) has become a common design tool in automotive fields, its application to automotive air conditioning (A/C) systems based upon vapor compression cycles is limited due to the lack of control-oriented models characterizing the refrigerant phase change. The emergence of moving boundary method (MBM) illuminates a promising way of assisting FDI scheme development, because common faults in automotive A/C systems, such as compressor fault, pressure transducer fault, and fouling fault, can be easily incorporated by the control-oriented model developed. Out of various observed-based FDI methods, the H ∞ filter technique, due to its robustness to model uncertainties and external disturbances, is chosen for designing FDI scheme over actuator/sensor/parameter faults. The model and the filter are connected closed-loop by an H ∞ controller gain-scheduled to meet different cooling loads. From the closed-loop analysis results, the H ∞ filter is capable of detecting and isolating actuator/sensor faults, as well as estimating parameter faults, even if external disturbances imposed on the air side of the evaporator exist.
Weaning Children from Mechanical Ventilator Support

Studies in developed countries have shown that between 23 and 40 % of children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) receive mechanical ventilator support at some point during their PICU stay (Dahlem et al. 2003; Watson et al. 2002; Angus et al. 2001; Census 2002; Farias et al. 2006; Khemani et al. 2007). The weaning phase of mechanical ventilator support has been defined as the “transition from ventilatory support to complete spontaneous breathing while maintaining effective gas exchange” (Newth et al. 2009). Extubation is the physical removal of the endotracheal tube and is the endpoint of the weaning phase. On average, the weaning phase accounts for approximately 40 % of the total duration of mechanical ventilation in children (Newth et al. 2009; MacIntyre 2001).
Hierarchy-Direction Selective Approach for Locally Adaptive Sparse Grids

We consider the problem of multidimensional adaptive hierarchical interpolation. We use sparse grids points and functions that are induced from a one dimensional hierarchical rule via tensor products. The classical locally adaptive sparse grid algorithm uses an isotropic refinement from the coarser to the denser levels of the hierarchy. However, the multidimensional hierarchy provides a more complex structure that allows for various anisotropic and hierarchy selective refinement techniques. We consider the more advanced refinement techniques and apply them to a number of simple test functions chosen to demonstrate the various advantages and disadvantages of each method. While there is no refinement scheme that is optimal for all functions, the fully adaptive family-direction-selective technique is usually more stable and requires fewer samples.
Resting-state functional connectivity of the human habenula in healthy individuals: Associations with subclinical depression.

Introduction The habenula (Hb) is postulated to play a critical role in reward and aversion processing across species, including humans, and has been increasingly implicated in depression. However, technical constraints have limited in vivo investigation of the human Hb, and its function remains poorly characterized. We sought to overcome these challenges by examining the whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity of the Hb and its possible relationship to depressive symptomatology using the high-resolution WU-Minn Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset. Methods Anatomical and resting-state functional MRI data from 50 healthy subjects with low or high subclinical depression scores (n = 25 each) were analyzed. Using novel semi-automated segmentation and optimization techniques, we generated individual-specific Hb seeds and calculated whole-brain functional connectivity for the entire cohort and the contrast of high vs. low depression groups. Results In the entire cohort, the Hb exhibited significant connectivity with key brainstem structures (i.e., ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, pons) as well as the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, precuneus, thalamus, and sensorimotor cortex. Multiple regions showed differential Hb connectivity based on subclinical depression scores, including the amygdala, insula, and prefrontal, mid-cingulate, and entorhinal cortices. Conclusions Hb connectivity findings converged on areas associated with salience processing, sensorimotor systems, and the default mode network. We also detected substantial Hb-brainstem connectivity, consistent with prior histological and animal research. High and low subclinical depression groups exhibited differences in Hb connectivity with multiple regions previously linked to depression, suggesting the relationship between these structures as a potential target for future research and treatment. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2369-2384, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three-Color Chromosome Painting as Seen through the Eyes of mFISH: Another Look at Radiation-Induced Exchanges and Their Conversion to Whole-Genome Equivalency.

Whole-chromosome painting (WCP) typically involves the fluorescent staining of a small number of chromosomes. Consequently, it is capable of detecting only a fraction of exchanges that occur among the full complement of chromosomes in a genome. Mathematical corrections are commonly applied to WCP data in order to extrapolate the frequency of exchanges occurring in the entire genome (whole genome equivalency; WGE). However, the reliability of WCP to WGE extrapolations depends on underlying assumptions whose conditions are seldom met in actual experimental situations, in particular the presumed absence of complex exchanges. Using mFISH, we analyzed the induction of simple exchanges produced by graded doses of 137Cs gamma rays (0-4 Gy), and also 1.1 GeV 56Fe ions (0-1.5 Gy). In order to represent cytogenetic damage as it would have appeared to the observer following standard 3-color WCP, all mFISH information pertaining to exchanges that did not specifically involve chromosomes 1, 2 or 4 was ignored. This allowed us to reconstruct dose responses for 3-color apparently simple (AS) exchanges. Using extrapolation methods similar to those derived elsewhere, these were expressed in terms of whole-genome equivalency for comparison to mFISH data. Based on AS events, the extrapolated frequencies systematically overestimated those actually observed by mFISH. For gamma rays these errors were practically independent of dose. When constrained to a relatively narrow range of doses, the WGE corrections applied to both 56Fe and gamma rays predicted genome-equivalent damage with a level of accuracy likely sufficient for most applications. However, the apparent accuracy associated with WCP to WGE corrections is both fortuitous and misleading. This is because (in normal practice) such corrections can only be applied to AS exchanges, which are known to include complex aberrations in the form of pseudosimple exchanges. When WCP to WGE corrections are applied to true simple exchanges (TR), the results are less than satisfactory, leading to extrapolated values that underestimate the true WGE response by unacceptably large margins. Likely explanations for these results are discussed, as well as their implications for radiation protection. Thus, in seeming contradiction to notion that complex aberrations be avoided altogether in WGE corrections and in
Friedrich Schleiermacher’s theology as a resource for ecological economics:

In this article, the author argues that Friedrich Schleiermacher’s Christian Faith offers useful theological resources for ecofeminists and all those concerned with establishing ecological economic...
Availability of smoking cessation services in SUD treatment in the context of health reform

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e118–e201 e161 treatmentplanning increases clients’ involvement in suchactivities at 3-month follow-up. Methods: One group of clients was recruited prior to counselor training, with a second group at post-training. Counselor training consisted of a day-long session on evidence-based practices for individualized treatment planning. A 1-hour module emphasized the importance of clients’ involvement in positive activities. Results: Treatment plan and 3-month follow-up data were available for 217 clients (Pre-trainingN=132; Post-trainingN=85). At follow-up, rates of at least one day in the past 30 days involvement in positive activities were high (>90%) in both groups. However, in multilevel analyses (nesting clients within sites) post training clients were significantly more likely (OR=5.8, p<0.001) to have involvement in positive activities noted on their treatment plan and to report being involved in positive activities for at least 30 of the past 90 days (OR=4.3, p<0.001). Conclusions: Training counselors to encourage clients’ involvement in positive activities as part of the treatment planning process may be an effective strategy to promote behaviors previously identified as predictors of sobriety and recovery outcomes. Future studies are needed to identify which positive activities are related to abstinence and how to best encourage the workforce to foster these activities in the recovery process. Financial Support: This work was supported by the National Institute ofDrugAbuse (5R01DA015125-05) and theNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (5R01AA015327-04). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.354 Availability of smoking cessation services in SUD treatment in the context of health reform Hannah K. Knudsen1, Paul M. Roman2 1 Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States 2 Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United