cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ostracoda of Moss Town Blue Hole, Great Exuma Island, Great Bahama Bank (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Myodocopa)

ABSTRACT Eight species of myodocopid Ostracoda (six Myodocopina, one Halocypridina, and one Cladocopina) are reported from 30 to 60 m depths in Moss Town Blue Hole, an ocean blue hole located in a bay on the west side of Great Exuma Island, Exuma Cays, Great Bahama Bank. The collection from Moss Town Blue Hole contained no new species, but five species had not been reported previously from the blue holes of Great Exuma Island, and three species had not been reported previously from the blue holes of the Exuma Cays. The collection provided the opportunity to describe the adult male and female, as well as early instars, of Eusarsiella fax and Metapolycope duplex, and the adult female of Eusarsiella merx, and also, to compare the ostracode populations in the various niches in the Exumas.
Ideological Perspective Detection Using Semantic Features

In this paper, we propose the use of word sense disambiguation and latent semantic features to automatically identify a person’s perspective from his/her written text. We run an Amazon Mechanical Turk experiment where we ask Turkers to answer a set of constrained and open-ended political questions drawn from the American National Election Studies (ANES). We then extract the proposed features from the answers to the open-ended questions and use them to predict the answer to one of the constrained questions, namely, their preferred Presidential Candidate. In addition to this newly created dataset, we also evaluate our proposed approach on a second standard dataset of “Ideological-Debates”. This latter dataset contains topics from four domains: Abortion, Creationism, Gun Rights and GayRights. Experimental results show that using word sense disambiguation and latentsemantics, whether separately or combined, beats the majority and random baselines on the cross-validation and held-out-test sets for both the ANES and the four domains of the “Ideological Debates” datasets. Moreover combining both feature sets outperforms a stronger unigram-only classification system.
Counseling Patients with Bulimia Nervosa

This chapter is designed to provide an introduction to the basic principles of counseling outpatients with bulimia nervosa who are being seen in a general medical setting. A summary of these principles and chapter outline is presented in Table 1. The purpose is not to make psychiatrists or counselors out of family physicians or other generalists, but rather to improve patient care and to briefly review some basic principles that can be useful in an office setting when working with these patients. Emphasis is placed on a few issues that may significantly increase the likelihood that cases of bulimia nervosa will be detected and that individuals with bulimia nervosa will become engaged in treatment and will take the first steps in the process of recovering from this disorder.
Nonlinear dynamical analysis of turbulence in a stable cloud layer

An eight mode truncated spectral model based on Burgers' approximation to the one-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations is used to compute the Lyapunov dimension of the dynamical attractor for turbulence in a stable cloud layer. The model results are compared with the correlation dimension obtained earlier from a time series of radar Doppler and reflectivity signals from a turbulent layer in a marine stratus cloud. The analysis supports a weak coupling explanation for the lower correlation dimension found for the reflectivity time series compared with that for the Doppler time series. Turbulent Prandtl number emerges from the analysis as a flow parameter which can enlarge the dimension of the model's dynamical attractor, but the attractor dimension computed for the model remains lower than the radar Doppler correlation dimension. Linear stability analysis of the model's equilibrium states suggests that a nontruncated version of the model will possess an attractor which is also of lower dimension than the radar Doppler correlation dimension. (c) 1995 American Institute of Physics.
Online prediction of the onset of combustion instability based on the computation of damping ratios

A weighed-least mean square algorithm is used to compute the damping ratios of the linearly stable combustion oscillations, which occur prior to the fully developed nonlinear oscillating stage of combustion instability. The computation of damping ratios is based on the model structure of linear second-order oscillators and the pressure spectrum. Pressure obtained from two experiments on a gas turbine combustion simulator is analyzed. In both cases, the damping ratio drops to the global minimum before combustion oscillations develop into the large-amplitude limit-cycle oscillating stage.
Strategies for health education for adolescent patients: a preliminary investigation.

Objective: To determine the effect of unidirectional and bidirectional health education strategies on the amount of patient participation in the discourse between adolescent patients and physicians. Methods: Videotapes of medical interviews between physician and adolescent patients that had been made in an earlier study of the efficacy of a self-report questionnaire were reviewed. An inductive method of content analysis from a small sample of videotapes was used to develop mutually exclusive categories of health education communication strategies from the variety of strategies employed by physicians. Seven different strategies were identified and grouped into two categories, unidirectional and bidirectional. Thirty videotapes were randomly selected (from the 79 available videotapes) and health education segments were identified, categorized, and coded for the amount of time the patient and physician spent talking. Paired student's t-tests were used to compare the time spent talking by patients and physicians in the two health education strategy categories. Results: The patients consisted of 17 females and 13 males (mean age=19.3). Two hundred thirty five individual health education strategies were identified, of which 183 (78%) were unidirectional and 52 (22%) were bidirectional. Physicians spent an average of 44.4 seconds talking in the unidirectional strategies, and 11.4 seconds in the bidirectional strategies ( p = 0.0001). Patients spent 10.9 seconds and 26.1 seconds talking, respectively, in response to these strategies, ( p = 0.07). The ratio of the time spent talking by patients to physicians was 0.14 for the unidirectional strategies and 1.06 for the bidirectional strategies ( p = 0.004). Conclusions: Bidirectional health education communication strategies increase the amount of participation of adolescent patients in physician—patient discourse when compared to unidirectional strategies. The implications of these data for health education with adolescent patients are discussed.
Translating the Academy: Learning the Racialized Languages of Academia

This article presents narratives of 2 women faculty of color, 1 early career Latina and the other tenured Asian American woman, regarding their ontological and epistemological struggles in academia, as well as the hope, impetus, and strategies for change that they constructed together. Drawing on a critical pedagogy perspective, mentoring is discussed as a praxis of allyship that develops organically within relationships that recognize each person’s strengths, provides instrumental knowledge about the academy, provides intellectual stimulation and reciprocal reflection, and is a collaborative endeavor that helps them to resist erasure and insert visibly diverse knowledge systems into people’s academic pursuits and responsibilities.
Ka band slot array antenna for interferometric synthetic aperture radar topographic mapping mission

This paper presents results of a study of the feasibility of Ka band slot arrays for an interferometric radar for the purpose of topographic mapping of the outer planets such as Jupiter and its moons. A small array is designed, built and tested.
PIC modeling of a 3-electrode AC plasma display panel

A two-dimensional Particle in Cell code with Monte Carlo collisions (PIC-MCC) (XOOPIC) is used to model breakdown of a Ne/Xe gas in one and two cell plasma display panel (PDP) systems. The priming pulse for a three electrode AC PDP is simulated in order to address various issues concerning the optimal geometry and breakdown voltages as well as to avoid poor operating characteristics such as neighbor discharges and cross talk.
Update on the evaluation of pancreatic exocrine status in cystic fibrosis.

Purpose of review Pancreatic functional status has a very strong effect on outcome in cystic fibrosis and pancreatic insufficiency requires lifelong treatment with pancreatic enzymes. Traditionally, clinical signs and symptoms have been used to decide who should be treated with pancreatic enzyme supplements; however, recent studies show that patients with cystic fibrosis are both undertreated and overtreated using this approach. This paper reviews recent progress in the development of noninvasive, indirect tests of pancreatic function for use as diagnostic tools for patients with cystic fibrosis. Recent findings Breath testing using 13C-labeled fat and measurement of several pancreatic enzymes in stool, such as chymotrypsin, lipase, and elastase have been explored as ways to define pancreatic functional status. Fecal elastase has good sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value for defining severe pancreatic insufficiency in patients with cystic fibrosis and appears to be more useful than measurement of other fecal enzymes. Its role in milder pancreatic insufficiency and in disease states other than cystic fibrosis, such as chronic pancreatitis, is less clear. Summary Several new noninvasive, indirect tests of pancreatic function have been developed to aid in the definition of pancreatic functional status in patients with cystic fibrosis. An objective measure of pancreatic functional status should be obtained in all patients with cystic fibrosis, and the recent development of new screening tools such as fecal elastase makes this feasible.
Oxygen surface exchange kinetics and stability of (La,Sr)2CoO4±δ/La1−xSrxMO3−δ (M = Co and Fe) hetero-interfaces at intermediate temperatures

Heterostructured oxide interfaces created by decorating Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) phases on ABO3 perovskites have shown not only pronounced cation segregation at the interface and in the RP phase but also enhanced kinetics for oxygen electrocatalysis at elevated temperatures. In this study, combining experimental and theoretical approaches, we report and compare the time-dependent surface exchange kinetics and stability of (La0.5Sr0.5)2CoO4±δ (LSC214)-decorated La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF113) and La0.8Sr0.2CoO3−δ (LSC113) thin films. While LSC214 decoration on LSC113 greatly reduced the degradation in the surface exchange kinetics as a function of time relative to undecorated LSC113, LSCF113 with LSC214 coverage showed comparable surface exchange kinetics and stability relative to undecorated LSCF113. This difference is attributed to stabilization of the LSC113 surface by LSC214 decoration and greater stability of LSCF113 against decomposition into secondary phases than LSC113. This hypothesis is supported by density functional theory (DFT) computation, revealing greater surface Sr segregation for LSCF113, which is predicted to have an SrO termination, than LSC113, which is predicted to have a less Sr enriched (La0.25Sr0.75)O termination. Furthermore, DFT also showed a lower energy gain to move Sr from LSCF113 into LSC214 relative to the LSC214-LSC113 surface, and predicted the stability of LSCF113, LSC113, and LSC214 with 100% Sr substitution in their top (001) surface. The stability differences of Sr substitution (with La) in LSCF113, LSC113, and LSC214, along with the assessed DFT decomposition free energies of fully Sr substituted LSCF113, LSC113, and LSC214, correlate with the experimental observation of surface stability trends in surface particle formation of LSCF113 and LSC113 without and with LSC214 decoration.
Inclusive Electroproduction of Low Energy Pi Mesons

Because the electromagnetic interaction is well known and because the real or virtual photon can create a pion at any point inside the target nucleus, the study of gamma-pi type experiments can give important information concerning the final state interaction of the pion with the daughter nucleus.
"My Eyes Have Been Opened": White Teachers and Racial Awareness.

A life history approach was used to examine the narratives of 6 White teachers of racially diverse classrooms who had been nominated as being “aware of race and racism” by a diverse panel of expert...
Evaluating freshmen retention efforts in engineering housing

Freshman engineering retention is a national problem. At Arizona State University, freshmen retention is a major focus of the Office of Student Affairs in the College of Engineering and Applied Sciences (CEAS). The CEAS Fall 2000 freshmen class numbered 969 students. Major programs that have been developed to increase CEAS freshmen retention include engineering residence hall floors and academic and career mentoring through an Inclusive Learning Communities Program. The success of the engineering residence halls program is evaluated through the use of a survey of the Fall 2000 students participating in this program. The successes and challenges in running these programs are discussed.
Characterizing the structure of small-world networks.

We give exact relations for small-world networks (SWN's) which are independent of the "degree distribution," i.e., the distribution of nearest-neighbor connections. For the original SWN model, we illustrate how these exact relations can be used to obtain approximations for the corresponding basic probability distribution. In the limit of large system sizes and small disorder, we use numerical studies to obtain a functional fit for this distribution. Finally, we obtain the scaling properties for the mean-square displacement of a random walker, which are determined by the scaling behavior of the underlying SWN.
Changes in Inflammation and Immune Activation With Atazanavir-, Raltegravir-, Darunavir-Based Initial Antiviral Therapy: ACTG 5260s

Background. It is unclear whether the integrase inhibitor raltegravir (RAL) reduces inflammation and immune activation compared with ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (PIs). Methods. In a prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial that included 328 human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1)–infected, treatment-naive participants were randomized to receive tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) plus atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r), darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r), or RAL. A total of 234 participants (71%) with HIV-1 RNA levels <50 copies/mL by week 24 were included. Plasma biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation that were analysed included high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), GlycA, D-dimer, soluble CD14 (sCD14), sCD163, and sIL-2r; blood cellular markers included %CD38+DR+ of T-cell subsets and %CD14+CD16+ and%CD14(dim)CD16+ monocyte subsets. Changes from baseline were examined at earlier (24 or 48 weeks) and later (96 weeks) time points, with 95% confidence intervals on fold-change. Pairwise treatment groups were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum tests, with P values adjusted for false discovery rate control. Results. Changes in biomarkers varied by regimen during the 96 weeks of follow-up as follows: hsCRP declined with ATV/r and RAL, IL-6 declined only with RAL, and GLycA decreased in all groups. D-dimer declined with ATV/r and DRV/r and was unchanged with RAL. Markers of T-cell activation and sCD163 (but not sCD14 and CD14-+CD16+) declined in all groups. Conclusions. Despite some differences in specific markers of inflammation and immune activation between the antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens, we found no consistent evidence that the reduction of inflammation and immune activation with ART initiation was different between RAL and PI-based regimens. Clinical Trials Registration. {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00811954","term_id":"NCT00811954"}}NCT00811954 and {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00851799","term_id":"NCT00851799"}}NCT00851799.
Predictive modulation of muscle coordination pattern magnitude scales fingertip force magnitude over the voluntary range.

Human fingers have sufficiently more muscles than joints such that every fingertip force of submaximal magnitude can be produced by an infinite number of muscle coordination patterns. Nevertheless,...
THE ASSOCIATION OF GASTRIC EPITHELIAL HYPERPLASIA AND CANCER.

Summary The types and extent of gastric EH were studied in surgical specimens of 100 cases of gastric cancer and 100 cases of peptic ulcer. There was a significant statistical association between the foveolar type or the combined (both foveolar and glandular) type of gastric EH and the presence of gastric carcinoma. Extensive EH was found much more frequently with cancer than in the noncancer control group.
Evaluation of the Man With Peyronie’s Disease

The proper evaluation of the male patient with Peyronie’s disease (PD) involves a focused medical history as well as a detailed sexual history. Coupled with an extensive history of the disease, these components are crucial to the subjective assessment. The two main components of the objective assessment include the physical exam focusing on the penis, and evaluation of the patient at maximum erection with (preferred) or without duplex ultrasound. The most important component of the physical exam is assessment of the penis for length, deformity, and plaque. Erectile capacity is one of the most important parameters in the assessment of the man with PD. Duplex ultrasonography after injection with a vasoactive agent is the recommended means for evaluation of vascular flow parameters and erectile response, and it allows objective measurement of deformity in the erect state. The association between PD and erectile dysfunction has been firmly established. The patient’s response to pharmacological agents both before and after development of PD may factor into decisions regarding the direction of future therapy for both problems. Evaluation of the male with PD varies across clinical studies, and no standard currently exists. This chapter provides a framework for obtaining the subjective and objective information for the man presenting with PD.
Virology: Host protein clips bird flu's wings in mammals

The polymerase enzyme from avian influenza A viruses does not function well in human cells. The protein ANP32A has been identified as the cellular factor mediating a major component of this host restriction. See Letter p.101 Wendy Barclay and colleagues identify a previously unknown factor underlying the restricted host range of influenza virus. They show that the host protein ANP32A acts a species barrier to the function of avian virus polymerase in mammalian cells. Crucially, the mutation E627K in viral protein PB2, which allows ANP32 family proteins to support the avian virus polymerase, is known to be associated with increased virulence of avian viruses in mammals.
Teacher-Led Change in Secondary School Physical Education.

How and why meaningful curriculum or program changes happen in physical education is important, but not well understood, especially at the secondary school level. In this longitudinal case study, we examined teacher-initiated changes in a high school physical education program. Data were collected through prolonged engagement over 5 years and included interviews with teachers and students, documents from the physical education department, field notes, survey responses, and presentation notes. A broad range of change forces, including a standards-based assessment program, was assessed using qualitative methods. Consistencies and inconsistencies between Fullan’s theoretical framework on changes in education and what occurred in this physical education program are identified. Ways that change was aligned with Fullan’s phases of change (Initiation, Implementation, and Institutionalization) were also considered. Results suggest that aspects of Fullan’s framework are aligned with systematic changes in physical education. Teachers, as passionate, committed change agents, were essential for positive change. Elements of bottom-up and top-down educational reform were present in varying degrees. The effect of external change agents and funding, however, was noticeably absent.
The Steady Aerodynamics of Quiet Airfoils with Porosity Gradients

This theoretical study determines the aerodynamic loads on a thin airfoil with a prescribed porosity distribution in a steady incompressible flow. A Darcy porosity condition on the airfoil surface furnishes a Fredholm integral equation, which is solved exactly and generally as a Riemann-Hilbert problem provided that the porosity distribution is Holdercontinuous. Predictions for the prescribed distribution, lift and moment coefficients, and seepage drag are reduced to quadrature, and closed-form expressions are obtained in the special case of an airfoil with uniform porosity, which agree with established results in the literature. Finally, we study a class of differentiable porosity distributions, that approach a piecewise, discontinuous function in a certain parametric limit, which is representative of partially-porous airfoils. Our general Holder-continuous solution is further verified in this limit against partially-porous results in literature and may be integrated into a theoretical framework to optimize turbulence noise suppression with minimal impact to aerodynamic performance.
Monte Carlo Study of Confidence Region Accuracy for MEG Inverse Dipole Solutions

Localization and characterization of neuromagnetic sources is often attempted assuming the model of a dipole current source in a spherical homogeneous conductor volume and solving the inverse problem for a given measured external field (Tanday (1987)). Evaluation of experimental results and clinical procedures also requires accurate confidence regions. Statistical methods exist for defining these regions by analyzing the fit of the data to the best fit model prediction without independent estimates of the measurement noise. We have empirically evaluated three of these methods in a Monte Carlo study.
Abstract 172: Ticagrelor Use in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Real-World Experience

Background: Ticagrelor improves survival in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) compared to clopidogrel. Patients are often urgently loaded with P2Y12 inhibitors in the setting of ACS, with little time to consider barriers for continuation in the outpatient setting. We sought to evaluate the association between socioeconomic factors (type of insurance, medication co-payment) and patient choice to switch from ticagrelor to clopidogrel prior to hospital discharge. Methods: Our medical center implemented a standardized protocol to load ACS patients with ticagrelor in 2015. During the hospitalization, pharmacists specialized in cardiovascular treatment reviewed the out-of-pocket costs with the patient and assessed their willingness to continue ticagrelor in the outpatient setting. Based on patient choice, some patients were re-loaded with clopidogrel prior to discharge. Using the ACTION Registry-GWTG, we identified all ACS patients who were loaded with ticagrelor since the start of the protocol. We examined the association between switching and socioeconomic factors using chi-squared and rank sum tests. Results: We identified a total of 162 ACS patients who were loaded with ticagrelor prior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Of these patients, 84 (51.9%) were discharged on clopidogrel. Patients who switched to clopidogrel prior to discharge were more likely to have federal outpatient or no prescription insurance (p Conclusion: Co-payment, race, and prescription insurance are associated with patient choice to switch from ticagrelor to clopidogrel in the ACS setting. This finding implies that socioeconomic factors, namely drug cost, are barriers to implementation of standardized ticagrelor use in ACS patients. While clinical trials suggest a mortality benefit with ticagrelor, real-world practice may not realize this benefit.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL SUPPORT AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF MADONNA UNIVERSITY, NIGERIA

Students’ academic performance is of very critical importance to parents, guardians, as well as other significant stakeholders. Among other factors, social support has been identified as a key variable influencing the academic performances of students. This study examined the relationship between social support and academic performance among Madonna University students. 270 students, selected through convenience sampling method participated in the study. It was hypothesized that social support will be significantly and positively related to academic performance. The social support variable was measured using the Social Support Behavior (SSB) Scale by Vaux et al (1987); while the Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) was used to measure the academic performance of students. Correlation analysis was carried out to measure the relationship between social support and academic performance. Results of correlation analysis indicated that there was a positively significant relationship between social support and academic performance (r = 0.88). This result validates the positive linear relationship between social support and academic performance. In order words, the higher the social support availed and accessed, the higher the quality of academic performance delivered. The findings of this study will be of immense utility to parents, guardians, educators, counselors, and significant others, in the development of strategies, for the facilitation and sustenance of enhanced academic performance of students.
A Millimeter-Wave CMOS Dual-Bandpass T/R Switch With Dual-Band LC Network

Fully integrated 24/60-GHz concurrent dual-bandpass transmit/receive (T/R) switch in 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ SiGe BiCMOS process is presented. The developed T/R switch consists of dual-band LC networks and resonators with shunt nMOS transistors performing the switching function. In the receiving (RX) mode, the measured insertion losses (ILs) and isolations (ISOs) are 4.5 and 16 dB at 24 GHz, and 5 and 18.3 dB at 60 GHz, respectively. The ILs and ISOs for the transmitting (TX) mode are 6.7 and 18.2 dB at 24 GHz, and 8.5 and 20.8 dB at 60 GHz, respectively. The measured peak stopband rejections are 61.5 and 65.5 dB for the RX and TX modes, respectively. With single-tone 24 or 60 GHz input, the measured input 1-dB compression point ( $P_{{{1~\text {dB}}}})$ is 23.3 or 18.4 dBm at 24 or 60 GHz, respectively. For concurrent dual-tone 24/60-GHz input, the measured inputs $P_{{{1~\text {dB}}}}$ are 19 and 16.8 dBm at 24 and 60 GHz, respectively. The measured input third-order intercept points are 31.5 and 27.9 dBm at 24 and 60 GHz, respectively.
Foundational research in accounting: professional memoirs and beyonds. PARTE 2

Foundational research in accounting: professional memoirs and beyonds. PARTE 2 2015 Revision and Extension of the De Computis Edition (of 2006) Richard Mattessich
Separating Proton and Electron Transfer Effects in Three-Component Concerted Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reactions.

Multiple-site concerted proton-electron transfer (MS-CPET) reactions were studied in a three-component system. 1-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMPOH) was oxidized to the stable radical TEMPO by electron transfer to ferrocenium oxidants coupled to proton transfer to various pyridine bases. These MS-CPET reactions contrast with the usual reactivity of TEMPOH by hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) to a single e-/H+ acceptor. The three-component reactions proceed by pre-equilibrium formation of a hydrogen-bonded adduct between TEMPOH and the pyridine base, and the adduct is then oxidized by the ferrocenium in a bimolecular MS-CPET step. The second-order rate constants, measured using stopped-flow kinetic techniques, spanned 4 orders of magnitude. An advantage of this system is that the MS-CPET driving force could be independently varied by changing either the pKa of the base or the reduction potential (E°) of the oxidant. Changes in ΔG°MS-CPET from either source had the same effect on the MS-CPET rate constants, and a combined Bronsted plot of ln(kMS-CPET) vs ln(Keq) was linear with a slope of 0.46. These results imply a synchronous concerted mechanism, in which the proton and electron transfer components of the CPET process make equal contributions to the rate constants. The only outliers to the Bronsted correlation are the reactions with sterically hindered pyridines, which apparently hinder the close approach of proton donor and acceptor that facilitates MS-CPET. These three-component reactions are compared with a related HAT reaction of TEMPOH, with the 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxyl radical. The MS-CPET and HAT oxidations of TEMPOH at the same driving force occurred with similar rate constants. While this is an imperfect comparison, the data suggest that the separation of the proton and electron to different reagents does not significantly inhibit the proton-coupled electron transfer process.
Buoyancy jump at wind turbine wake interface

Abstract Wake measurements of field installed, scaled-model (diameter, D = 1.17 m ) wind turbine were performed with the purpose of studying the density differences (buoyancy jumps) at the wake-freestream interface for various atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) conditions. It is demonstrated that the density differences create buoyancy jumps or discontinuities greater in magnitude than the background ABL buoyancy. It is shown analytically that the interfacial buoyancy jump will increase with the turbine size and vary significantly with the lateral location within the wake. The existence of the buoyancy jumps is further confirmed by the observed inverse proportionality of entrainment rate (E) to interfacial Richardson number ( R i B ) for stable ABL conditions and constant E for unstable ABL. Further, the observations show that the wake deficit is highest for stable ABL, followed by neutral and unstable ABL. Additionally, turbulent transport of momentum is found to be the primary source of mean kinetic energy to the wake, corroborating previous studies in wind tunnels under well-controlled conditions.
Understanding and Predicting the World’s Climate System

This paper reviews the advances in understanding ENSO (El Nino and the Southern Oscillation) and the development of coupled ocean-atmosphere prediction systems. Prospects for improving forecasts of ENSO and its global consequences are considered in view of the factors limiting the skill of current forecasts: inherent limits to predictability, flaws in the models and data assimilation procedures, and gaps in the observing system. The possibilities for utilising other modes of climate variability, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, are discussed. Experience with the 1997 warm event is highlighted.
Differential Expression of CD8+ T Cell Cytotoxic Effector Molecules in Blood and Gastrointestinal Mucosa in HIV-1 Infection

We previously reported that CD8 + T cells in human gastrointestinal mucosa exhibit reduced perforin expression and weak or impaired cytotoxic capacity compared with their counterparts in blood. Nevertheless, these cells degranulate and express cytokines and chemokines in response to cognate Ag. In addition to weak expression of perforin, earlier studies suggested differential regulation of perforin and granzymes (Gzms), with GzmA and B expressed by significantly higher percentages of mucosal CD8 + T cells than perforin. However, this topic has not been fully explored. The goal of this study was to elucidate the expression and coexpression patterns of GzmA, B, and K in conjunction with perforin in rectosigmoid CD8 + T cells during HIV-1 infection. We found that expression of both perforin and GzmB, but not GzmA or GzmK, was reduced in mucosa compared with blood. A large fraction of rectosigmoid CD8 + T cells either did not express Gzms or were single-positive for GzmA. Rectosigmoid CD8 + T cells appeared skewed toward cytokine production rather than cytotoxic responses, with cells expressing multiple cytokines and chemokines generally lacking in perforin and Gzm expression. These data support the interpretation that perforin and Gzms are differentially regulated, and display distinct expression patterns in blood and rectosigmoid T cells. These studies may help inform the development of strategies to combat HIV-1 and other mucosal pathogens.
Leveraging the clinical collaborative model to drive value improvement.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Physician-led quality improvement collaboratives have emerged across surgical disciplines as a means to measure and subsequently improve the quality and cost of care. In this review, we will provide an overview of recent successes within quality improvement collaboratives, as well as discuss future opportunities for such initiatives. RECENT FINDINGS Successful quality improvement collaboratives have coupled data registries with a collegial environment to achieve data-driven improvements in care across diverse practice settings. Such efforts have a track record for accomplishing specific patient safety gains, and have more recently addressed complex care scenarios where data and consensus building have been leveraged to clarify optimal care pathways. Collaboratives are currently exploring mechanisms to meaningfully impact increasingly complex elements of care delivery, such as individual surgeon performance. SUMMARY Quality improvement collaboratives are in a unique position to understand patterns in care across populations, lead evidence-based assessments of variation in quality, and to attempt to intervene to improve outcomes based on the data they accumulate. As healthcare increasingly shifts to emphasize quality of care, physician-led collaboratives represent an important mechanism to drive improvement.
The Impact of Musical Training on Hand Biomechanics in String Musicians

Background: The effects of musical training on the body in professional musicians remain an understudied area, particularly in reference to understanding and managing orthopedic/neuromuscular deviations and injuries in this population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate hand/finger fine motor function in musicians via physical examination as well as laboratory-based evaluations. Methods: Thirteen healthy noninjured young elite string musicians participated in this study. Performance of musicians was compared with healthy age-matched, sex-matched, and handedness-matched nonmusician controls. Results: Musicians exhibited decreased intrinsic muscle strength compared with controls; however, no change in extrinsic muscle strength was found between groups. No between-group differences in overall force control were found; however, Group × Hand (right vs left) interactions were found in force control. Conclusions: These data suggest that musicians are a unique population with respect to: (1) fine motor control of the hand; and (2) exhibit changes in differential hand use. This suggests cortical reorganization of string musicians, such that this population should be studied separately from typical healthy controls with respect to hand function.
Capture and Review of Interactive Volumetric Manipulations for Surgical Training

In this paper, we present a system to capture efficiently a given user’s interaction with a simulation system involving the procedural removal of material inside a volume, and to allow for a full 3D, lossless reviewing of that interaction at a later date. We describe an extension of this system to enable reviewing to occur at arbitrary points in the surgical procedure. The extension uses a combination of volume snapshots and event recording to be efficient in both time and space requirements.
Triangulations with Continuous Refinement of Grid Size

Triangulations with crogs were first introduced by Eaves [14] and Eaves and Saigal [16]. These triangulations, known as K1, K2 and K3, differ from our triangulations of the same name. Diagrams of Eaves’ K1 and K2 are in IX.1.3.
A Case Study of a Noncredentialed, Second-Career Music Educator:

Throughout the United States, educators lacking formal credentials have increasing opportunities to assume classroom teaching positions. The purpose of this instrumental case study was to explore the career decision making and early-career teaching experiences of Holly, a noncredentialed music educator working in a public charter school. Data were collected over 6 months in the form of semistructured interviews, teaching and performance observations, and artifact analysis. Holly’s pathway to classroom teaching as a second career was characterized by nonlinear decision making, exploring numerous options before choosing to teach school music. Her early classroom teaching experiences were similar to those of traditional early-career music teachers with regard to classroom management concerns; however, her experience in private lesson instruction and directing community music theater equipped her with more practical pedagogical skill sets than typical early-career music educators. The discussion includes cons...
Unique Circulating MicroRNA Profiles in HIV Infection.

Objective:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. We aimed to determine the association between extracellular miRNAs and HIV infection.Design:Single-center, cross-sectional study.Methods:We analyzed the expression of 192 plasma-derived miRNAs in 69 HIV-infected individua
Vision-based integrated mobile robotic system for real-time applications in construction

Abstract To increase the degree of automation and frequency of data collection for monitoring construction sites, there has been a rapid increase in the number of studies, in the past few years, that developed and/or examined mobile robotic applications in construction. These vision-based platforms capable of autonomous navigation and scene understanding are becoming essential in many construction applications, namely construction sites surveying, work-in-progress monitoring, and existing structure inspection. Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) and object recognition for proper context-aware motion planning are some of the core vision techniques that are driving innovation for these robotic systems. To characterize the limitations of current techniques on real-time performance and identify challenges in integration and implementation for construction applications, this paper proposes a mobile robotic platform that incorporates a stack of embedded platforms with integrated Graphical Processing Units (GPUs). This paper presents three case studies to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The results demonstrate the robustness and feasibility of developing and deploying an autonomous system in the near future.
Design of a Microwave Global Endometrial Ablation Device

Endometrial ablation is a minimally invasive treatment employed for thermal coagulation of the endometrial lining of the uterus for treatment of menstrual heavy bleeding. Here, we present an applicator employing a microwave loop antenna for global endometrial ablation enabling conformal ablation of uterine cavities of varying size in the range 4–6.5 cm in length and 2.5–4.5 cm in width, with a single positioning of the device. For treating large cavities, conformal microwave radiation is achieved by coupling the loop antenna with a passive element. A 3-D-coupled finite element method electromagnetic and heat transfer simulator was employed to optimize the antenna geometry with the goal of maximizing return loss at the 915 MHz operating frequency, and achieving adequate ablation depths for a range of uterine cavity sizes. Proof-of-concept devices were fabricated and experimentally evaluated in ex vivo tissue. The simulated and measured return loss of the optimized design was 20 dB at 915 MHz. Experiments in ex vivo tissue demonstrated the ability of the presented device to achieve mean ablation depths of 7.3 mm. We demonstrated a technique for creating planar ablation patterns suitable for global endometrial ablation of different uterine cavity sizes by employing a loop antenna with a passive element. Our design provides a planar ablation pattern by using a loop antenna with a passive element that will allow for ablation applications not realizable with conventional coaxial monopole, dipole, and slot antennas.
Effects of Speculation and Interest Rates in a

The paper presents and estimates a model of the prices of oil and other storable commodities, a model that can be characterized as reflecting the carry trade. It focuses on speculative factors, here defined as the trade-off between interest rates on the one hand and market participants' expectations of future price changes on the other hand. It goes beyond past research by bringing to bear new data sources: survey data to measure expectations of future changes in commodity prices and options data to measure perceptions of risk. Some evidence is found of a negative effect of interest rates on the demand for inventories and thereby on commodity prices and positive effects of expected future price gains on inventory demand and thereby on today's commodity prices. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
Development of Carbon Nanofibers From Electrospinning

Abstract Carbon fibers have been massively produced in industry for decades. They generally have diameters of a few micrometers and are developed mostly from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor. Carbon fibers have been employed in a wide range of applications particularly for high-performance composite materials due to their high strength, high modulus, low density, high chemical resistance, and high temperature tolerance. In recent years, carbon nanofibers with diameters that fall into submicron and nanometer range have attracted growing attention due to their unique one-dimensional nanostructure in combination with carbon's superior chemical, electric, and mechanical properties. Unlike catalytic synthesis, electrospinning PAN followed by stabilization and carbonization has become the most straightforward and convenient route to make continuous carbon nanofibers. This chapter demonstrated research exploration made in development of carbon nanofibers from electrospun PAN at the Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering of North Carolina A&T State University. Attention is particularly given to develop high-strength carbon nanofiber yarns.
Prenatal predictors of objectively measured appetite regulation in low‐income toddlers and preschool‐age children

BACKGROUND Prenatal nutrition impacts offspring appetite regulation in animal models. However, evidence from humans is scarce. OBJECTIVE To determine associations between indicators of prenatal nutrition and appetite regulation among young children. METHODS Participants included 454 low-income mother/child dyads (mean child age = 45.2 months [SD = 9.7]). Children's appetite regulation was ascertained with the maternal-reported Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire and objectively assessed using the Eating in the Absence of Hunger protocol. Using hierarchical linear regression, we modelled child appetite regulation measures as a function of prenatal nutrition indicators (child birthweight z scores [BWz, BWz2 ]; maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index [BMI], gestational weight gain [GWG]), adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Among girls, higher and lower birthweight were associated with greater energy consumed in the absence of hunger, primarily sweet foods, coeff (95% CI): BWz 0.17 (0.05, 0.28), BWz2 0.15 (0.04, 0.26), but not food responsiveness or food enjoyment. Higher birthweight was also associated with greater satiety responsiveness among girls. Among boys, birthweight was unrelated to measures of appetite regulation. Associations between maternal BMI and GWG and child appetite regulation were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS Among low-income girls, but not boys, indicators of adverse prenatal conditions were associated with poor objectively measured appetite regulation during early childhood.
Statin Adherence and Mortality in Patients Aged 80 Years and Older After Acute Myocardial Infarction.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to describe the pattern of statin adherence in older patients, aged 80 years or older; identify factors associated with high adherence; and determine the association between statin adherence and all-cause mortality. DESIGN Retrospective population-based cohort study. SETTING An integrated healthcare system in Southern California. PARTICIPANTS Patients hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI) between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2016. MEASUREMENTS Statin adherence, as measured using pharmacy dispensing records over the 365 days following hospital discharge, based on proportion of days covered (PDC). Adherence levels were categorized as high (PDC 80% or higher), partial (PDC 40% or higher and lower than 80%), and low (PDC lower than 40%). RESULTS Between 2006 and 2016, 5629 patients, 80 years or older, hospitalized for acute MI met the inclusion criteria. Among this group, 68.8% were highly adherent to statin therapy, 20.4% were partially adherent, and 10.8% were not adherent. Male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25-1.62) and white race (OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.18-1.55) were associated with high statin adherence. Follow-up was 4.3 ± 2.6 years. Both low and partial adherence were associated with increase mortality (low adherence: adjusted hazard radio [HR] = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.01-1.25; partial adherence: adjusted HR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.12-1.32). CONCLUSIONS In older patients, aged 80 years or older, high adherence to statins after MI was associated with improved survival. This association may not have been due only to adherence to statins but to other related factors as well. Findings from this study may inform discussions on the potential benefits of statin adherence. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2045-2049, 2019.
Modeling Task Scheduling Decisions of Emergency Department Physicians.

ObjectiveThis study evaluated task-scheduling decisions in the context of emergency departments by comparing patterns of emergency physicians’ task-scheduling models across levels of experience.Bac...
Aggressiveness and Deoxynivalenol Production of Nebraska Isolates of Fusarium boothii and F. graminearum

Significant losses in wheat result from Fusarium head blight (FHB) and its associated mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). The predominant FHB pathogen in North America is Fusarium graminearum. F. booth...
Chapter 17 – Other Invertebrates

Publisher Summary This chapter examines a diverse group of smaller invertebrates, collectively called the meiofauna. This chapter also includes two groups of crustaceans that, because of their size and habitat, are usually included with the meiofauna in ecological studies rather than with their larger cousins. These are the harpactacoid copepods and ostracods, which are important members of the community dwelling among the interstitial waters of the stream bottom. Dwelling within this matlike community, a wide range of meiofauna forms can be found—protozoans, rotifers, worms, and others—that function importantly in the transformation of energy within the stream ecosystem. A wide diversity of meiofauna also occurs within the interstitial waters among the rocks, gravels, and other materials composing the stream bottom. Although members of the meiofauna are small, it does not mean that they are unimportant in terms of production of organic matter for other members of stream ecosystems. Many of them have extremely high reproductive rates, and this, coupled with the very high numbers that may be present, results in significant secondary production—food for other consumers.