cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
User-Assisted Video Stabilization

We present a user-assisted video stabilization algorithm that is able to stabilize challenging videos when state-of-the-art automatic algorithms fail to generate a satisfactory result. Current methods do not give the user any control over the look of the final result. Users either have to accept the stabilized result as is, or discard it should the stabilization fail to generate a smooth output. Our system introduces two new modes of interaction that allow the user to improve the unsatisfactory stabilized video. First, we cluster tracks and visualize them on the warped video. The user ensures that appropriate tracks are selected by clicking on track clusters to include or exclude them. Second, the user can directly specify how regions in the output video should look by drawing quadrilaterals to select and deform parts of the frame. These user-provided deformations reduce undesirable distortions in the video. Our algorithm then computes a stabilized video using the user-selected tracks, while respecting the user-modified regions. The process of interactively removing user-identified artifacts can sometimes introduce new ones, though in most cases there is a net improvement. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system with a variety of challenging hand held videos.
Personal Credo and Life Values

In a very real sense, a man’s religion is what he most deeply believes in and what commands his deepest loyalty and devotion, whatever its outward form or its label. When going to church on Sunday becomes for him a matter merely of habit and of conformity to community or folk ways, it remains a religious act, if at all, only in that his doing so may be symbolic of his belief in something more than just “going to church.” When in public worship he repeats a creed, many of the individual tenets of which have become completely meaningless to him — if not in fact almost an insult to his intelligence — this act, too, has lost any religious meaning, except, again, as it may still remain for him a kind of symbol of non-rational values, and except as joining in with the congregation in its repetition in solemn worship itself gives that act a kind of religious value.
Plate-Impact Technique for Measuring Dynamic Friction at High Temperatures

A new pressure-shear plate impact experiment is described for measuring the friction between two sliding surfaces at high temperature. Additionally, the techniques developed for this experiment extend the capability of the general pressure-shear experiment so that the shear strength of materials can be measured at high temperatures.
Mediated decision support in prostate cancer screening: A randomized controlled trial of decision counseling

Abstract Objective This randomized trial was conducted to assess the impact of a mediated decision support intervention on primary care patient prostate cancer screening knowledge, decisional conflict, informed decision making (IDM), and screening. Methods Before a routine office visit, 313 male patients eligible for prostate cancer screening completed a baseline telephone survey and received a mailed brochure on prostate cancer screening. At the visit, participants were randomized to either an enhanced intervention (EI) or a standard intervention (SI) group. Before meeting with their physician, EI Group men had a nurse-led "decision counseling" session, while SI Group men completed a practice satisfaction survey. An endpoint survey was administered. Survey data, encounter audio-recordings, and chart audit data were used to assess study outcomes. Results Knowledge increased in the EI Group (mean difference of +0.8 on a 10-point scale, p =0.001), but decisional conflict did not change (mean difference of −0.02 on a 4-point scale, p =0.620). The EI Group had higher IDM (rate ratio=1.30, p =0.029) and lower screening (odds ratio=0.67, p =0.102). Conclusion Nurse-mediated decision counseling increased participant prostate cancer screening knowledge, and influenced informed decision making and screening. Practice implications Nurses trained in decision counseling can facilitate shared decision making about screening.
Effect of fruiting cane origin on fruitfulness of hardy kiwifruit, Actinidia arguta

Abstract Morphology of Actinidia arguta ‘Ananasnaya’ vines was studied at two sites in Oregon, United States in 1998 and at one site in 1999. One‐year‐old fruiting wood was divided into five types/origins: spurs borne from the cordon; 1‐year‐old canes from the cordon; 1‐year‐old canes which grew as a result of summer pruning of last year's growth (1‐year‐old tipped); 1‐year‐old canes borne from 2‐year‐old wood; and 1‐year‐old canes borne from 3‐year‐old wood. Wood type had no effect on percent fruitful shoots or the number of fruit or clusters per metre of cane. One‐year‐old canes produced fruitful shoots along their entire length, but were less productive at the distal part of the cane. The most productive part of the cane was generally from nodes 6–40, depending on site, due, in general, to a higher percentage of budbreak and fruitful shoots. In 1999, budbreak was 47% and 85% of these continued to grow past 0.15 m long, and 83% of these were fruitful. The most productive flowering zone on shoots was fro...
Production of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 by Staphylococcus aureus requires both oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The effect of O2 and CO2 on expression of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) by Staphylococcus aureus was investigated under controlled growth conditions with continuous-culture techniques. To stimulate TSST-1 production, air and anaerobic gas were premixed before delivery to the culture vessel. At a growth rate—or mass doubling time (td)—of 3 h, production of specific TSST-1 (expressed as micrograms per milligram of cell dry weight) was 5.9-fold greater at an O2 concentration of 4% than under anaerobic conditions. Increasing the O2 concentration to 11% did not result in a significant increase (P > 0.05) in the rate of toxin production over that during growth in 4% O2 but did result in a significant increase (4.9-fold; P < 0.001) in the rate of toxin production over that during anaerobic growth. At a td of 9 h, addition of 3.5% O2 resulted in a 7.6-fold increase in specific TSST-1 production. When room air was sparged through a culture growing at a td of 9 h, TSST-1 production increased significantly (by 3.4-fold) over that during anaerobic growth. When a growth environment of 4% O2–remainder N2 was studied, no increase in TSST-1 production was observed; this was also the case with 8% O2 at gas-flow rates of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 liters/min. In all experiments, production of biomass (expressed as milligrams of cell dry weight per milliliter) increased, indicating that O2 was metabolized by S. aureus. Addition of CO2 to the gas mix (4% O2, 10% CO2, 86% N2) resulted in a 5.1- to 6.8-fold increase in TSST-1 production over that during anaerobic growth and a 3.6-fold increase over that during growth in an environment of 4% O2–remainder N2. The agr mutant strain tested produced 6.1-fold more specific TSST-1 in a growth environment of 4% O2–10% CO2–86% N2 than during anaerobic growth. These data suggest that in this system, O2 alone does not trigger production of TSST-1; rather, both CO2 and O2 are required.
Movement Sensitivities of Cells in the Fly's Medulla

Intracellular recordings were made in the medullae of intact, restrained females ofCalliphora vicina that faced a hemispherical, minimum-distortion surface upon which moving patterns and spots were projected from the rear (Fig. 2). In the distal medulla, noisy hyperpolarizations to light, most likely recorded in terminals of laminar (L) cells, had flicker-like oscillations to moving gratings of 15° spatial wavelength but not of 2.5° spatial wavelength (Fig. 3). Medullary (M) cells penetrated distally responded to grating movements with similar but depolarizing oscillations, in one cell 180° out of phase with a nearby laminar response (Figs. 4–6).
Some Applications of Photo-Optics in Medical Information Handling

Much significant diagnostic medical data exists in image and photograph form. To expedite the analysis of this data, the medical profession has begun to look to digital computational methods for greater efficiency. In this paper, the photographic electronic, and optical problems related to the design of input devices for this kind of data processing equipment will be discussed.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and insulin sensitivity: metabolic effects in hypertension, diabetes, and heart failure.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are established in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure; both conditions are complicated by resistance to insulin-mediated glucose disposal. The defect in essential hypertension is both tissue and pathway specific, i.e., confined to nonoxidative (glycogen synthetic) routes of intracellular glucose utilization in skeletal muscle, whereas heart failure and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are associated with more widespread abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Thus, the mechanisms of the insulin resistance in hypertension, NIDDM, and heart failure are fundamentally different, so metabolic responses to drug therapy may not be the same in all insulin-resistant states. There have been conflicting reports about the effects of ACE inhibitors on insulin sensitivity and glycemic control. A number of studies, both with captopril and with enalapril, have shown small increases in insulin sensitivity, and there is evidence that this is due to enhanced glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. The interpretation of these studies, however, is often compromised by poor trial design, lack of full placebo data, various indirect measurements of insulin sensitivity, and heterogeneous patient populations in whom the biochemical mechanisms of insulin resistance (and drug responses) may not be the same. Overall, there probably is a modest class effect of ACE inhibitors that enhances insulin-mediated glucose disposal; the mechanism of this effect is likely to be a combination of increased muscle blood flow, local renin-angiotensin system blockade, and elevated kinin levels.
Avoiding the curves: Direct elicitation of time preferences

We propose and test a new method for eliciting curvature-controlled discount rates that are invariant to the form of the utility function. Our method uses a single elicitation task and obtains individual discount rates without knowledge of risk attitude or parametric assumptions about the form of the utility function. We compare our method to a double elicitation technique in which the utility function and discount rate are jointly estimated. Our experiment shows that these methods yield consistent estimates of the discount rate, which is reassuring given the wide range of estimates in the literature. We find little evidence of probability weighting, but in a second experiment, we observe that discount rates are sensitive to the length of the front-end delay, suggesting present bias. When the front-end delay is at least two weeks, we estimate average discount rates to be 11.3 and 12.2% in the two experiments.
Common pools and private tools? Mobility and economy during Ireland’s Later Mesolithic

Abstract Due to environmental and historical factors, Ireland’s Later Mesolithic period is visible “through a glass, darkly.” The first three quarters of this period (7500–6000 BP) are significantly underrepresented; prospects are much better for study of the last quarter (6000–5500 BP). These limitations notwithstanding, excavations, regional surveys, and faunal and lithic analyses point to a highly mobile, generalized forager adaptation oriented toward Ireland’s coasts, rivers, and lakeshores during the Later Mesolithic. I present a conceptual framework borrowed from natural resource economics and use it to (1) classify Later Mesolithic raw material sources as “common-pool resources” and (2) to discuss the potential sociopolitical significance of “private goods” in Mesolithic society. Recent applications of stable isotope analysis and AMS radiocarbon dating of bones and teeth from humans and bovids ( Bos taurus ) offer glimpses of a dynamic picture for the last quarter of the Later Mesolithic. I conclude by discussing the sociopolitical significance of cattle and, perhaps, polished stone axes, both of which might have been private goods that fostered intergroup alliances for generalized foragers (e.g., as part of marriage exchanges or ritual activities) or prestige opportunities for incipient transegalitarian foragers.
The Impact of Cross-Rate Interference on LORAN-C Receivers

Wong [1] recommends that 16 additional LORAN-C ground stations are needed to provide redundant coverage throughout the conterminous U.S. so that LORAN-C can provide the primary navigation service to civil aviation. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the effect of the interference from the additional stations on the acquisition (phase code identification and third cycle selection) and track modes of a LORAN-C receiver whose detection process is based on the sequential decision theory. This receiver model represents a modern design using microprocessor technology. The results are compared against the requirement that acquisition be completed 90 percent of the time within 7.5 minutes. The impact of cross-rate interference (CRI) on the track mode is estimated using a time-domain analysis.
Equilibrium Point Defect and Electronic Carrier Distributions near Interfaces in Acceptor-Doped Strontium Titanate

A mathematical model based on Frenkel's theory for charged defect segregation at interfaces is used to calculate the equilibrium grain boundary depletion layer widths and conductivity profiles in acceptor-doped SrTiO3 ceramics. The calculations examine the effect of oxygen vacancy equilibration during annealing at moderate temperatures (∼1000 K) on the development of interfacial charge that influences grain boundary electrical properties at lower temperatures. Good agreement is demonstrated between the model predictions and experimental results reported in the literature.
Experiences in family bereavement.

These case studies illustrate the stories of two families grieving the losses of their children. Some 42,000 infants and children die yearly in the United States, but there is a dearth of research for professionals to draw on when considering the family as the context for grieving the loss of a chil
The Effect of Initial Connector Insertions on Electrical Contact Resistance

This work attempts to quantify the effect of repeated initial connector insertions and roughness on electrical contact resistance. Experimental measurements show that the electrical contact resistance increases measurably with repeated insertions. They also show that with repeated insertions the connector spring is plastically deformed, thus causing the force closing the contact across the surfaces to decrease. A multi-scale rough surface contact model was used to estimate the actual electrical contact resistance (ECR) versus applied force curve of the connector. As expected, the multiscale ECR model predicts that the ECR will decrease with applied force. Since the contact force decreases with each insertion of the connector due to plastic deformation, the model will predict that the ECR will also increase with each insertion. When the added resistance from a measurable layer of tin oxide is included, the multiscale ECR model shows fairly good agreement with the experimental measurements.
Entrepreneurial failure and discrimination: lessons for small service firms

This paper draws lessons from a case decided by the USA Supreme Court, wherein the firm failure was perceived by the minority entrepreneur as an outcome of racial discrimination. Implications of this case are significant because the failure rate of minority-owned US businesses has been consistently higher than the average failure rate of US business. We argue that the impact of discrimination by a customer is greater for small service firms. Through the Domino's Pizza case, we assert that issues relating to equal employment, inter-company contracting and choice of business organisation must be managed by the owner of a service firm.
Subunit and amino acid composition of diacylglycerol acyltransferase from germinating soybean cotyledons

Abstract The subunit and amino acid composition of the enzyme that catalyses triacylglycerol synthesis was determined for the first time from plant tissues. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (acyl-CoA: 1,2-diacylglycerol O- acyltransferase , EC 2.3.1.20) purified from germinating soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Dare) cotyledons, dissociated into three nonidentical subunits having apparent molecular masses of 40.8, 28.7, and 24.5 kDa. The respective subunits occured in a 1:2:2 molar ratio in the native enzyme. Five peptides in that molar ratio were assumed to constitute a monomer having a putative molecular mass of 153.1 kDa. Based upon the apparent molecular mass of purified diacylglycerol acyltransferase after delipidation (1539 kDa), there was a high probability that the complete structure of the native enzyme from soybean contained ten identical monomers. The polarity index of each subunit was less than 21%, far below the 40% boundary reported for membrane bound proteins. Hydrophobic amino acids accounted for greater than 48% of the composition in each subunit. It was predicted from these data that the native enzyme contained 12525 amino acid residues, and that the two smaller subunits were more deeply embedded in the membrane than the 40.8 kDa subunit. Attempts to reactive the denatured or delipidated protein were not succesful.
Subsolidus Equilibria in the System LiF‐AlF3‐Na3AIF6

Subsolidus equilibrium relations in the system LiF-AlF3-Na3AlF6 were investigated in air by solid-state reaction techniques. The system contains 2 ternary compounds, Na2LiAlF6 and Na3Li3Al2F12, and extensive cryolite solid solution on the Na3AlF6 - Li3AlF6 binary join. Both ternary compounds decompose between 500° and 600°C. At and below 500°C, seven 3-phase regions and two 2-phase regions exist; the 2-phase regions result from the extensive cryolite solid-solution series. Phase relations for the 500°C isothermal section are presented, and relations above and below this temperature are described.
Proposition 187 in California

On November 8, 1994, California voters approved Proposition 187, the "Save Our State" (SOS) initiative, 59 to 41 percent. If implemented Propo? sition 187 would create a state-run system to verify the legal status of all persons seeking public education, health care and other public benefits, and add public education to the list of services for which unauthorized aliens are ineligible. As of March 1995, the only sections of Proposition 187 in effect are those that make the manufacture, distribution, or use of false documents to obtain employment or public benefits a state felony. Proposition 187 may mark the beginning of efforts to reduce legal and illegal immigration, much as Proposition 13 in 1978 arguably laid the basis for the Reagan-era tax cuts of the early 1980s. On the other hand, Propo? sition 187 may turn out to be a largely symbolic expression of frustration with illegal immigration, much as was Proposition 63, which made English the state's "official language" in 1986 proved to be.
Fusion of multisensor passive and active 3D imagery

We have extended our previous capabilities for fusion of multiple passive imaging sensors to now include 3D imagery obtained from a prototype flash ladar. Real-time fusion of low-light visible + uncooled LWIR + 3D LADAR, and SWIR + LWIR + 3D LADAR is demonstrated. Fused visualization is achieved by opponent-color neural networks for passive image fusion, which is then textured upon segmented object surfaces derived from the 3D data. An interactive viewer, coded in Java3D, is used to examine the 3D fused scene in stereo. Interactive designation, learning, recognition and search for targets, based on fused passive + 3D signatures, is achieved using Fuzzy ARTMAP neural networks with a Java-coded GUI. A client-server web-based architecture enables remote users to interact with fused 3D imagery via a wireless palmtop computer.
A first principles approach to automated troubleshooting of chemical plants

Abstract A prototype first principles-based troubleshooting system capable of analyzing the dynamic behavior of individual process units or small subsystems is presented. Our system differs from previous qualitative model-based systems in two ways. Firstly, it reasons with a first principles understanding of physical and chemical phenomena such as reaction, heat flow and liquid/vapor equilibrium, allowing analysis and explanation at a more fundamental level. Secondly, it can automatically modify unit models, allowing identification of faults which significantly change unit behavior without the need for explicit fault scenarios. The troubleshooter uses the qualitative process theory (QPT) representation of Forbus which provides a framework to qualitatively model and simulate the behavior of dynamic systems. Our diagnostic system exploits QPT's explicit representation of the conditions under which phenomena are believed to hold and the constraints they contribute to the model. The system takes as input the assumed unit model and a set of discrepancies between the observed and expected unit behavior. Diagnosis is based on a hypothesis—test strategy of four steps: identify assumption changes which can account for a single discrepancy, determine the resultant changes in the model, simulate the effect of these changes on the unit behavior and compare with observed behavior.
Mechanism of S-nitrosation of recombinant human brain calbindin D28K.

Mass spectrometry and UV-vis absorption results support a mechanism for NO donation by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) to recombinant human brain calbindin D 2 8 K (rHCaBP) that requires the presence of trace copper, added aseither Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) or CuSO 4 . The extent of copper-catalyzed rHCaBP S-nitrosation depends on the ratio of protein to GSNO and on the reaction time, and NO-transfer is prevented when copper chelators are present. CuZnSOD is an efficient catalyst of rHCaBP S-nitrosation, and the mechanism of CuZnSOD-catalyzed S-nitrosation involves reduction of the active-site Cu I I by a number of the five free thiols in rHCaBP, giving rise to thiyl radicals. The Cu I -ZnSOD formed catalyzes the reductive cleavage of GSNO present in solution to give GSH and release NO. rHCaBP thiyl radicals react with NO to yield the S-nitrosoprotein. CU I I ZnSOD is also reduced by GSH in a concentration-dependent manner up to 5 mM but not at higher GSH concentrations. However, unlike the rHCaBP thiyl radicals, GS' radicals dimerize to GSSG faster than their reaction with NO. The data presented here provide a biologically relevant mechanism for protein S-nitrosation by small S-nitrosothiols. S-nitrosation is rapidly gaining recognition as a major form of protein posttranslational modification, and the efficient S-nitrosation of CaBP by CuZnSOD/GSNO is speculated to be of neurochemical importance given that CaBP and CuZnSOD are abundant in neurons.
The influence of consumer mood state as a contextual factor on imagery-inducing advertisements and brand attitude

An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of consumer preexisting mood as a contextual factor on consumers' response to imagery-inducing advertisements. The results showed that positive mood seemed to be the most productive context for an imagery ad. Positive mood increased consumers' positive affective state and increased their subsequent brand attitudes. In addition, the results showed that consumers' mood state can also affect the processing mode consumers actually adopt while viewing an ad, and thus indirectly affect brand attitude. Positive mood state was shown to facilitate the induction of mental imagery processing, and at the same time distract detail-oriented analytical processing. As a result, evaluation of the ad was enhanced. On the other hand, negative mood was shown to reduce the intended mental imagery processing, but it appeared to encourage a detail-oriented analytical processing. As a result, consumers remembered more accurately the specific ad claims, but were not affected as m...
Contributions to the large area telescope.

In their Letter “Omissions in GLAST story” (4 July, p. [37][1]), G. F. Bignami et al. state that “The Large Area Telescope … was essentially made and paid for by Italy, France, and Sweden” and that “Japan supplied most of the necessary silicon.” As the Principal Investigator for the Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary instrument on the GLAST Observatory (now renamed the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope), I know first-hand the importance of contributions to the LAT from universities, laboratories, and funding agencies in France, Italy, Japan, Sweden, and the United States. In fact, the concept for LAT came from the United States, and the United States was the major contributor to its design and construction. The initial design concept for the LAT originated with William Atwood in 1992 when he was at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), and about two-thirds of the total cost was funded by NASA and the U.S. Department of Energy ([1][2]). As Bignami et al. suggest, the effort to complete a detailed design and then construct the LAT became an international collaboration of particle physicists and astrophysicists. Every nation involved—including Italy, France, Sweden, and Japan—contributed in an important way to the success of the LAT. The spirit of collective responsibility was essential during the development phase and will serve well during the operations phase of the Fermi mission to ensure that the full science potential of Fermi is realized. 1. 1.[↵][3] NASA, Glast Science Writer's Guide, “Exploring the Extreme Universe” ([www.nasa.gov/pdf/221503main_GLAST-041508.pdf][4]). [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.321.5885.37a [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1. in text" [4]: http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/221503main_GLAST-041508.pdf
Student Attitudes Toward College Courses: An Examination of Influences and Intentions

This study combines research in education and services marketing to develop and test a model of seven factors hypothesized to be significant in student attitudes toward the classes they take and behavioral intentions that may be influenced by those attitudes. Based on a review of relevant literature and a series of focus groups, a survey was developed and administered to students in eight different required classes, two each in four different subject areas, at a university in the northeastern United States. The results show that factors related to the physical environment in which the course is conducted, the course topic, and the course execution, in addition to the instructor's personality, are significant influences on students’ attitudes toward their classes. The evidence also indicates that emphasizing student participation in the class can have a positive effect on student commitment to excellence and appreciation of other students’ contributions to the learning experience.
The temporal structure of HF and VHF radiations during Florida lightning return strokes

Measurements have been made of the HF and VHF radiation at 3, 30, 139, and 295 MHz produced during lightning return strokes, in correlation with wideband electric field measurements covering from about 300 Hz to 2 MHz. Intense pulses of RF are observed during the first return stroke in a discharge to ground, but with a 10-30 microsec time delay between the beginning of the stroke and the occurrence of significant RF radiation. The delay occurs at all frequencies and is short enough to suggest that the main channel and/or branches are the main initial sources of RF during the first stroke. During a subsequent return stroke, the RF starts an average of 265 microsec prior to the onset of the stroke. At 139 and 295 MHz, the subsequent stroke RF lasts only about 115 microsec; however, at 3 MHz, the radiation frequently persists up to and during the stroke.
Dosimetric factors predicting severe radiation-induced bowel complications in patients with cervical cancer: combined effect of external parametrial dose and cumulative rectal dose.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze dosimetric factors of radiation-induced severe bowel complications among patients with cervical cancer. Methods We reviewed 297 patients of stage IB–IVA cervical cancer managed by curative-intent radiotherapy from May 1993 through December 1997. Whole-pelvic irradiation of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) (34.2–48.6 Gy/19–27 fractions) was delivered to all patients. Two hundred and three patients received additional bilateral parametrial boost (3.6–18 Gy/2–10 fractions). High dose-rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT), 16–24 Gy/5 fractions to Point A, was given after external irradiation. Cumulative rectal biologically effective dose (CRBED) at rectal reference point was determined by summation of EBRT and ICBT component. Results The 5-year incidences of Grade 3–4 enterocolitis and proctitis were 10% and 7%, respectively. Both complications were associated with external parametrial dose (PMD) and CRBED. Interaction of CRBED and PMD was noted in multivariate analysis of enterocolitis ( P P 3 group, PMD was an independent factor in enterocolitis ( P = 0.010) and proctitis ( P = 0.039). In PMD ≥ 54 Gy group, CRBED was an independent factor in enterocolitis ( P = 0.003) and proctitis ( P = 0.036). Patients with both PMD ≥ 54 Gy and CRBED ≥ 100 Gy 3 had higher incidence of 5-year enterocolitis (26%) ( P P Conclusion Radiation-induced severe bowel complications are association on both high PMD and high CRBED. We do not suggest both external PMD ≥ 54 Gy and CRBED ≥ 100 Gy 3 for treatment of cervical cancer due to unacceptably high incidence of severe bowel complications.
Thermodynamic properties of binary liquid mixtures involving weak specific interactions part III. Excess enthalpies of binary mixtures of tetrachloromethane and of tetrachloroethene with some alicyclic, pseudoaromatic, and aromatic hydrocarbons at 298.15 K

Abstract Handa, Y.P. and Benson, G.C., 1980. Thermodynamic properties of binary liquid mixtures involving weak specific interactions. Part III. Excess enthalpies of binary mixtures of tetrachloromethane and of tetrachloroethene with some alicyclic, pseudo-aromatic, and aromatic hydrocarbons at 298.15 K. Fluid Phase Equilibria , 4: 277–285. An LKB flow microcalorimeter has been used to measure excess enthalpies at 298.15 K for mixtures of tetrachloromethane and of tetrachloroethene with cyclo-hexene, 1,4-cyclohexadiene, cycloheptane, and cycloheptene. The mixtures tetrachloroethene + cyclohexane, and + benzene have also been studied. The results are discussed in terms of the electron accepting properties of tetrachloromethane and tetrachloroethene.
Triggering agents, vulnerabilities and disaster reduction: towards a holistic paradigm

Discusses the nature of disaster and the future of emergency management. After exploring differing historical perspectives of disaster, puts forth a model of vulnerability and highlights the plethora of factors that contribute to calamitous events. Introduces the concept of invulnerable development as a method of vulnerability management and compares it to other terms that have been proposed as guides for future disaster policy. The central argument to be made is that vulnerability is, or should be, the key concept for disaster scholarship and reduction.
A System-Aware Cyber Security architecture

As exemplified in the 2010 Stuxnet attack on an Iranian nuclear facility, attackers have the capabilities to embed infections in equipment that is employed in nuclear power systems. In this paper, a new systems engineering focused approach for mitigating such risks is described. This approach involves the development of a security architectural formulation that integrates a set of reusable security services as an architectural solution that is an embedded component of the system to be protected. The System-Aware architectural approach embeds security components into the system to be protected. The architecture includes services that (1) collect and assess real-time security relevant measurements from the system being protected, (2) perform security analysis on those measurements, and (3) execute system security control actions as required. This architectural formulation results in a defense that is referred to as System-Aware Cyber Security. This includes (1) the integration of a diverse set of dynamically interchangeable redundant subsystems involving hardware and software components provided from multiple vendors to significantly increase the difficulty for adversaries by avoiding a monoculture environment, (2) the development of subsystems that are capable of rapidly changing their attack surface through hardware and software reconfiguration (configuration hopping) in response to perceived threats, (3) data consistency checking services (e.g., intelligent voting mechanisms) for isolating faults and permitting moving surface control actions to avoid operations in a compromised configuration, and (4) forensic analysis techniques for rapid post-attack categorization of whether a given fault is more likely the result of an infected embedded hardware or software component (i.e., cyber attack) or a natural failure. In this paper we present these key elements of the System-Aware Cyber Security architecture and show, including an application example, how they can be integrated to mitigate the risks of insider and supply chain attacks. In addition, this paper outlines an initial vision for a security analysis framework to compare alternative System-Aware security architectures. Finally, we summarize future research that is necessary to facilitate implementation across additional domains critical to the nation's interest. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pericentric X inversion in dizygotic twins who differ in X chromosome inactivation and menstrual cycle function

A 21-year-old female dizygotic twin was referred for cytogenetic evaluation because of mild mental retardation. Significant history, clinical, and physical findings included irregular menses, mildly coarse facies, and microcornea. Chromosome analysis revealed a pericentric inversion of the X chromosome, 46,X,inv(X)(p11;q22). Her twin who is phenotypically normal was also found to carry the same inversion. The twins differ significantly in X chromosome inactivation and menstrual cycle function.
An infant with large fontanelles, aplasia cutis congenita, tessier facial cleft, polydactyly inversus, and toe syndactyly: a previously undescribed syndrome?

We report on a 5-month-old female with large and widely spaced anterior and posterior fontanelles, aplasia cutis congenita, Tessier 3 oblique facial cleft, polydactyly, and syndactyly of toes. The polydactyly is unusual as an accessory finger is attached to the left fifth finger with mirrored, end-to-end fusion. We are naming this anomaly “polydactyly inversus.” The infant appears to have a previously unreported syndrome of unknown cause. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetics of Hypertension, Target-Organ Complications, and Response to Therapy

This issue of Circulation honors extraordinary achievements in cardiovascular disease research during the past half century and their impact on the prevention, evaluation, and treatment of cardiovascular disorders. One area of particularly noteworthy advancement has been that of hypertension, the most prevalent risk factor for diseases of the heart, brain, and kidneys and one of the most common indications for prescription medications. Because essential hypertension, defined by systolic blood pressure levels ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure levels ≥90 mm Hg, was the subject of a comprehensive 2-part review recently published in Circulation ,1 2 this article will focus on 3 frontiers of hypertension research that are undergoing particularly rapid advancement and are poised to experience further profound developments with completion of the Human Genome Project.3 These areas include new understanding of the genetic causes of hypertension, the genetic susceptibility to target-organ complications, and the pharmacogenetics of antihypertensive therapy. In each of these areas, our objectives are to review present knowledge by highlighting salient findings and to suggest where future advancements are likely to improve the prevention, evaluation, and treatment of hypertension. Previous studies have yielded consistent and significant estimates of the genetic contribution to interindividual differences in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. For example, in a sample of 1266 individuals in 278 non-Hispanic white pedigrees, the heritability of systolic blood pressure level (that is, the proportion of interindividual variation attributable to genetic differences among individuals) was estimated to be 0.37.4 Similar values have been reported for diastolic blood pressure level.5 Contemporary genetics research has advanced from the general recognition that “genes are involved” to identifying and characterizing specific contributing genes and gene variants. Blood pressure levels are controlled by a complex combination of processes that influence cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. …
A note on linear functions of ordered correlated normal random variables

SUMMARY The probability density function of linear functions of ordered components of a bivariate normal random variable is evaluated.
Overview of the Planetary Data System

Abstract The NASA Planetary Data System (PDS) is an active archive that provides high quality, usable planetary science data products to the science community. This system evolved in response to scientists' requests for improved availability of planetary data from NASA missions, with increased scientific involvement and oversight. It is sponsored by the NASA Solar System Exploration Division, and includes seven university/research center science teams, called discipline nodes, as well as a central node at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. PDS today is a leader in archive technology, providing a basic resource for scientists and educators. Operational since 1989, PDS distributes more than 11,000 orders annually. Current master holdings include more than 300 unique CD-ROM titles, 700 CD-Write Once titles, and 54,000 tapes. Major data additions to the PDS archives are now in process, including more than 350 new CD-ROM titles over the next two years. Deliveries are expected from Clementine , Shoemaker-Levy 9, Galileo, Ulysses , and the Giotto Extended Mission. Additional archive products are planned in future years from Galileo, Mars Global Surveyor, Lunar Prospector, Cassini, Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous , and the Mars Pathfinder projects. PDS is also restoring data from the following previous missions to improve data descriptions, formats, and quality of the data so that scientists have better access: Voyager, Viking, Pioneer, Pioneer Venus Orbiter, Magellan , plus Mariner 9 and 10. Many restorations still remain. PDS produces several hundred copies per title in initial distributions, with additional distributions to users via the National Space Science Data Center, and online orders via the World Wide Web.
Role of sleep duration and quality in the risk and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background Evidence from laboratory and epidemiologic studies suggests that decreased sleep duration or quality may increase diabetes risk. We examined whether short or poor sleep is associated with glycemic control in African Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of volunteers with type 2 diabetes interviewed at the University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, Ill. The final analysis included 161 participants. Glycemic control was assessed by hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ) level obtained from medical charts. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Perceived sleep debt was calculated as the difference between preferred and actual weekday sleep duration. Results The mean ± SD sleep duration was 6.0 ± 1.6 hours, and 71% of the participants were classified as having poor quality sleep (PSQI score >5). We excluded patients with sleep frequently disrupted by pain (n = 39). In patients without diabetic complications, glycemic control was associated with perceived sleep debt but not PSQI score. The predicted increase in HbA 1c level for a perceived sleep debt of 3 hours per night was 1.1% above the median. In patients with at least 1 complication, HbA 1c level was associated with PSQI score but not perceived sleep debt. The predicted increase in HbA 1c level for a 5-point increase in PSQI was 1.9% above the median. Conclusions In our sample, sleep duration and quality were significant predictors of HbA 1c , a key marker of glycemic control. Combined with existing evidence linking sleep loss to increased diabetes risk, these data suggest that optimizing sleep duration and quality should be tested as an intervention to improve glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
THE CLINICAL USE OF PROLACTIN

Prolactin, prepared and assayed by Bates and Riddle as previously described (1), in sterile solution at pH 8.0–8.4 was injected intramuscularly in the buttocks. The dose varied from 2.5–10.0 cc. (75–400 units). When the dose was divided the second injection followed within 12–24 hours. The subjects were 37 women delivered of normal children at the Sloane Hospital for Women (Table I). All were afebrile except one who had a moderately severe sapremia. Twenty-nine cases were chosen in which lactation had failed to develop adequately by the sixth day (fifth in two cases) or later postpartum. These were cases which, in the clinical experience of the staff, would in almost every instance have failed further to improve in milk production. In 21 of these cases there was a gain greater than 100 gm. of breast milk daily when comparison is made between the day preceding prolactin dosage and the date of the patient’s discharge 3–9 days later (good result). In four cases the gain was from 50-100 gm. (moderate result)....
A real-time system for automatic creation of 3D face models from a video sequence

In this paper, a real-time system for automatic creation of 3D face models from a video sequence is presented. The system consists of a novel scheme to extract face shape and a 3D model adaptation method based on a least-square approach. The proposed face shape extractor, which is accurate and computationally cheap, is based on an ellipse controlled by three anchor points. The least-square approach is selected to adapt a generic 3D model to input face, minimizing errors between feature points on a created 3D face and extracted feature points from input video. Experimental results show that the proposed system can efficiently builds 3D face models, which are compatible with MPEG-4 facial objects, from a video sequence without any user intervention.
Melt fracture, melt viscosities, and die swell of polypropylene resin in capillary flow

The melt fracture, shear viscosity, extensional viscosity, and die swell of a polypropylene resin were studied using a capillary rheometer and dies with a 0.05-cm diameter and length/radius ratios of 10, 40, and 60. A temperature of 190°C and shear rates between 1 and 5000 s−1 were used. A modified Bagley plot was used with consideration of pressure effects on both the melt viscosity and end effect. The shear viscosity was calculated from the true wall shear stress. When the true wall shear stress increased, the end effect increased and showed critical stresses at around 0.1 and 0.17 MPa. The extensional viscosity was calculated from the end effect and it showed a decreasing trend when the strain rate increased. Both the shear and extensional viscosities correlated well with another polypropylene reported previously. The die swell was higher for shorter dies and increased when shear stress increased. When the shear rates increased, the extrudate changed from smooth to gross melt fracture with regular patterns (spurt) and then turned into an irregular shape. In the regular stage the wavelength of the extrudates increased when the shear rate increased. The frequency of melt fracture was almost independent of the shear rate, but it decreased slightly when the die length increased. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1587–1594, 2003
Organizational learning and forgetting: The effects of turnover and structure

The research examined how knowledge embedded in an organization's structure can persist over time and buffer the organization from the disruptive effects of turnover. We hypothesized that turnover would affect the performance of organizations that are low in structure more than those that are high in structure. By contrast, we expected to see little difference between the performance of groups low and high in structure when there is no turnover. A total of 240 participants arranged in three-person groups performed five trials of a production-type task. The level of turnover and the structuring of activities were varied. Groups that were high in structure had specialized roles and routines; groups that were low in structure were not given any roles or routines. The analysis of the performance data revealed the predicted significant interaction between turnover and structure. Theoretical implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Vitamin B-6 Content of Spices

Abstract The vitamin B-6 content of 42 spices was measured in duplicate using a microbiological assay. There was a wide range of values for these 42 spices (0.10–4.02 mg/100 g). Relatively high sources were the red pepper spices such as chili, cayenne, and paprika (2.45–4.02 mg/100 g), garlic (2.94 mg/100 g), and certain leaves such as basil, bay leaf, dill weed, oregano, rosemary, sage, and tarragon (1.71–2.69 mg/100 g). The seeds were relatively low sources (0.21–0.89 mg/100 g). One teaspoon (5 g) per day of some of the spices which could be considered relatively better sources of vitamin B-6, could contribute anywhere from 0.1 to 0.2 mg of vitamin B-6 (5–10% of the current RDA for vitamin B-6) to the overall daily dietary consumption of the vitamin.
Microstructure development and fracture of in-situ reinforced Ti-8.5Al-1B-1Si

The conventional titanium alloys like Ti-6Al-4V are not suitable for application at high temperatures due to their metastable microstructure, high oxidation rates and loss of strength. In comparison, the {alpha} + {alpha}{sub 2} alloys have been studied for elevated temperature properties. Research on titanium alloys have of late included synthesis through the rapid solidification processing (RSP) route. The use of RSP allows the incorporation of B and Si in Ti alloys which allow for the in-situ nucleation of needle shaped borides and spherical silicides as dispersoids. This contrasts with the heterogeneous distribution of coarse dispersoids with conventional melting techniques. It has also been shown that these reinforcements lead to improvements in modulus, high temperature strength and creep resistance. Very limited information is presently available on the elevated temperature fracture properties of in-situ formed titanium composites. It is the object of this study to elucidate the micromechanisms of fracture under monotonic loading.
Psychological Aspects of Chronic Pain and Disability

Traditional views of pain as either directly associated with physical pathology or psychologically based [psychogenic or motivational] have proven to be inadequate. A range of psychological variables and concepts have been shown to play important roles in pain perception, maintenance and exacerbation of pain, disability, and response to treatment. The role of operant conditioning [learning] and cognitive factors [i.e., beliefs, perceptions of control, coping strategies] on the maintenance and exacerbation of pain and disability are reviewed. Particular attention is given to the effects of psychological factors on behavioral responses and physiological activity associated with pain. It is suggested that rather than viewing the pain experience as either organically-based or psychologically-based that both of these factors need to be viewed as contributors to the perception and response to pain.