cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pre-Service Teachers' Middle-Level Lessons on World Religions: Planning, Teaching, and Reflecting.

The purpose of this study was to examine how 22 elementary pre-service teachers (PSTs) planned and taught lessons on world religions to 7 th -grade students. Pre- and post-lesson interview transcripts, lesson observations, as well as PST lesson plans and reflection journals served as data sources. Prior to teaching, the PSTs lacked adequate knowledge of world religions, were apprehensive about the task, and sought to teach without bias. Despite attempts at powerful and purposeful social studies teaching that was student-centered, the PSTs portrayed a bias toward Christianity, lacked solemnity, and were unprepared for student reactions. Because nearly each state includes world religions in its social studies standards, teachers must improve their capacity and willingness to teach world religions effectively.
Active Flow Control Strategy of Laminar Separation Bubbles Developed over Subsonic Airfoils at Low Reynolds Numbers

A computational parametric study designed to examine the plausibility of an external body force generated by active means, such as a plasma actuator, as a way of controlling a Laminar Separation Bubble (LSB) over an airfoil at low Reynolds numbers was conducted. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was employed to characterize the effect that a body force, localized to a small region tangent to the airfoil surface, might have on an LSB. In this study, the effects of altering the strength and location of the “actuator” on the size and location of the LSB and on the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil were observed. It was found that the body force, when properly located and with sufficient magnitude, could effectively eliminate the LSB. Additionally, it was found that by eliminating the LSB, the aerodynamic efficiency of the airfoil could be improved by as much as 60%. Thus, it was determined that such a system may indeed be an effective measure of reducing or eliminating the negative effects associated with LSBs at low Reynolds numbers, making the strategy an excellent candidate for future experimental research regarding this topic.
Beyond the Document Library: Portal-Based Browsing and Exploration of Community Data Clouds

Every modern portal ships with some form of internal document library portlet tools that can be used to enable groups to share files. Unfortunately, certain limitations -- that the portlet can only view data managed directly by the portal and that document and data files are the only resource that can be browsed -- make these tools less valuable in many real-world collaborations. This paper describes a semantically-enhanced scientific resource library portlet that extends the traditional document library to enable interaction with multiple distributed repositories in the cloud and to broaden the set of resources that can be viewed beyond simple hierarchical document folder-files structure to include people, sensors, data streams and other complex digital entities and their relationships. Our technology is based on semantic content abstraction and context aggregation functionality supported by Tupelo, a semantic content middleware and is implemented as a portlet plugin to the Liferay-based CyberCollaboratory portal. We describe the architecture components and the browsing features currently implemented and present a water science use case in which users are able to share documents, raw sensor data streams, and derived virtual sensor data (rainfall) from distributed sources within the same semantic resource library.
Iterative symmetry indices decomposition for ternary logic synthesis in three-dimensional space

This paper introduces the implementation of the Iterative Symmetry Indices Decomposition (ISID) for the synthesis of ternary three-dimensional logic circuits. The synthesis of regular two-dimensional circuits using ISID has been introduced previously, and the synthesis of area-specific circuits using ISID has been demonstrated The new method is useful for the synthesis of functions using three-dimensional regular logic circuits whenever volume-specific layout constraints have to be satisfied.
Sliding Contact with Friction at Arbitrary Constant Speeds on a Pre-Stressed Highly Elastic Half-Space

Resisted by Coulomb friction, a rigid indentor slides at a constant arbitrary speed on a generalized neo-Hookean half-space under pre-stress. A dynamic steady-state situation in plane strain is assumed, and is treated as the superposition of contact-triggered infinitesimal deformations upon finite deformations due to pre-stress.
5K-2 Fluid-Coupled Waveguide for Leaky Guided Waves

This paper is inspired by an earlier work (Joseph, 2000), which introduced a fluid-coupled waveguide for guided waves in the frequency range from 1.25 MHz to 5 MHz. It consists of two parallel solid plates separated by a liquid layer. Experiments indicate that this type of waveguide is capable of sustaining waves over large distances without significant losses. Possible applications include non-destructive testing and position measurement. In this paper, the wave modes propagating in the waveguide are studied by means of finite element simulations and experiments. First, the simulation model is described and validated for the case of pure plate waves. The obtained dispersion diagrams are in good agreement with the well-known theory for Lamb waves. Furthermore, the first simulation and experimental results for the complete waveguide setup are presented. Sample dispersion diagrams are provided, and it is demonstrated that the waveguide sustains slowly propagating waves. Finally, the effect of the incidence angle of the wedge transducer on activation of various wave modes is briefly discussed
Fast and frugal heuristics for new product screening – is managerial judgment ‘good enough?’

Project screening in the fuzzy front-end of product development is dominantly based on managerial judgment, yet little is known about the quality of heuristic screening decisions. This research models three commonly discussed fast and frugal (FF two out of the three F&F heuristics reach accuracies of over 80% for project selection and 70% for project rejection and the best F&F model, tallying, performs similarly to the best regression model. The findings warrant a fresh look at managerial screening heuristics as 'good enough' decision making approach.
Physics of RecA-Mediated Homologous Recognition

To accomplish its DNA strand exchange activities, the Escherichia coli protein RecA polymerizes onto DNA to form a stiff helical nucleoprotein filament within which the DNA is extended by 50%. Homology search and recognition occurs between ssDNA within the filament and an external dsDNA molecule. We show that stretching the internal DNA greatly enhances homology recognition by increasing the probability that the homologous regions of a stretched DNA molecule and a parallel, unstretched DNA molecule will be "in register" at some position. We also show that the stretching and stiffness of the filament act together to ensure that initiation of homologous exchange between the substrate DNA molecules at one position precludes initiation of homologous exchange at any other position. This prevents formation of multiple exchange site "topological traps" which would prevent completion of the exchange reaction and resolution of the products.
Grain Growth Behavior of Aluminum Oxide Reinforced with Carbon Nanotube During Plasma Spraying and PostSpray Consolidation

Grain-boundary mobility of the plasma sprayed aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 )-carbon nanotube (CNT) composites is evaluated in the current work. Grain mobility is evaluated from the grain growth within the spray-dried particles and thermal history experienced during high-temperature plasma processing. CNTs form an interfacial grain boundary layer during thermal exposure, limiting the grain growth of plasma-sprayed coatings. Consequent hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) of CNT-reinforced Al 2 O 3 at 1773 K shows differences in grain growth kinetics, degree of densification, and pore shrinkage. Densification of HIPed coatings is observed to be dictated by CNTs, phase transformation, initial grain size, and time of thermal processing. CNTs have shown to impede the Al 2 O 3 grain growth by serving as grain pinning obstacles. Impediment of grain-boundary mobility with variation of CNT content, and time and temperature of the heat treatment of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 )-CNT nanocomposite is addressed in detail.
R- and S-equol have equivalent cytoprotective effects in Friedreich's ataxia.

Estradiol (E2) is a very potent cytoprotectant against a wide variety of cellular insults in numerous different cell models, including a Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) model. Previously, we demonstrated that estrogen-like compounds are able to prevent cell death in an FRDA model independent of any known estrogen receptor (ER) by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the detrimental downstream effects of ROS buildup including oxidative damage to proteins and lipids and impaired mitochondrial function. We have previously demonstrated by western blot that our cell model lacks ERα and expresses only very low levels of ERβ. Using L-buthionine (S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) to induce oxidative stress in human FRDA fibroblasts, we determine the potency and efficacy of the soy-derived ERβ agonist S-equol and its ERα-preferring enantiomer, R-equol in vitro on cell viability and ROS accumulation. Here we demonstrate that these equol biphenolic compounds, while significantly less potent and efficacious than E2, provide statistically similar attenuation of ROS and cytoprotection against a BSO-induced oxidative insult. These preliminary data demonstrate that estrogen and soy-derived equols could have a beneficial effect in delaying the onset and decreasing the severity of symptoms in FRDA patients by an antioxidant mechanism. In addition, these data confirm that the protection seen previously with E2 was indeed unrelated to ER binding.
Improved Simulation Methodology for Retrieval of Convective Precipitation from Spaceborne Passive Microwave Measurements

This manuscript focuses on recent efforts for the development and validation of passive microwave precipitation retrieval algorithms for the NPOESS (National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System) satellite program. Emphasis will be placed on the following three critical components: a methodology for simulating passive microwave observations, a technique for validating the methodology with aircraft measurements, and a statistics-based algorithm for estimating precipitation rate.
Examining Individual and Ecological Predictors of the Self-Determination of Students with Disabilities

This article examines the impact of multiple individual and ecological factors on the self-determination of students with learning disabilities, mild and moderate mental retardation, and other health impairments. Baseline data from a multistate, longitudinal research project evaluating interventions to promote self-determination were examined using structural equation modeling. The findings suggest that teachers viewed students' capacity for self-determination differently based on level of cognitive impairment, but not students' opportunities for self-determination. Capacity, opportunity, and transition empowerment predicted students' self-reported level of self-determination, but the degree to which students were included in general education did not. Significant differences emerged in the pattern of predictive relationships, however, depending on the measure of self-determination utilized. Also discussed are implications for research and practice.
Adolescent and Young Adult Preventive Care: Comparing National Survey Rates

Introduction The Affordable Care Act’s preventive healthcare provisions have the potential to increase adolescents’ and young adults’ receipt of recommended preventive services. Assessing whether this potential is realized requires valid monitoring data in several areas, including receipt of an annual preventive visit. The purpose of this study is to describe and compare preventive visit rates across national surveys for adolescents and young adults. Methods This study, conducted in 2014: (1) identified national surveys with past-year preventive visit measures; (2) compared survey features, including mode of administration, respondent, response rate, demographic profile (univariate analysis), preventive visit measure wording, and method of construction; and (3) compared preventive visit rates, including rates among sociodemographic subgroups (bivariate analyses). Results Four 2011 surveys were identified: National Health Interview Survey, National Survey of Children’s Health (2011–2012), and Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) for adolescents, and MEPS and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for young adults. Surveys varied by most assessed features; demographic profiles were similar. Preventive visit rates varied significantly across adolescents (43%–81%) and young adults (26%–58%). The largest differences in visit rates were in comparisons of subjective assessments to a more detailed assessment coded from specific records of visits kept by respondents. Sociodemographic differences in visit rates were consistent across surveys. Conclusions Further research is needed to assess reasons for the different estimates of preventive visits across national surveys. Those who monitor trends in receipt of recommended care for adolescents and young adults should take survey differences into account. Monitoring content of care is also needed.
The Paris Paradox: Colorblindness and Colonialism in African American Expatriate Fiction

This essay maps out a six-year literary transformation of Paris noir from 1957 to 1963 that overlaps with the Algerian war for independence from France (1954–1962). In this journey that transits from Parisian utopianism to postcolonial criticism, from Richard Wright and James Baldwin's love songs to racially liberal Paris to William Gardner Smith's shrewd attack on French colonialism, the trope of interracial romance undergirds both the construction and the questioning of a colorblind Paris. I argue that as African American expatriate writers included North African characters and decolonization issues in their fiction, they struggled to reconcile the coexistence of a colorblind and a colonial Paris. The two-faced city is located in the periphery of expatriate fiction, in Wright's lesser-known novel The Long Dream (1958) and its 1959 sequel, “Island of Hallucination,” an unpublished roman a clef and his only long work of fiction set in Paris, in James Baldwin's short story “This Morning, This Evening, So Soon” (1960) rather than his celebrated Paris novel, Giovanni's Room (1956), and in the understudied author William Gardner Smith's last novel The Stone Face (1963). The essay highlights telling differences in how each author grappled with French colonialism, and how they echoed and reversed each other's writings to position themselves vis-a-vis the so-called City of Light. Together, their narratives demonstrate how Algerian Paris surreptitiously came to displace France and Europe as a model of liberation for African American writers.
Metric cells: Towards complete search for optimal trajectories

This paper presents a definition of convexity useful for describing local optimality in configuration spaces, proves that finding convex regions is relatively easy, and presents an algorithm for approximating the free configuration space using a set of such convex regions. The paper examines simple but interesting systems: serial planar arms with revolute joints, and a Reeds-Shepp car. The paper experimentally explores an approach for finding good (although not necessarily optimal) trajectories using the derived data structure.
Impulsivity across the psychosis spectrum: Correlates of cortical volume, suicidal history, and social and global function

Patients with psychotic disorders appear to exhibit greater impulsivity-related behaviors relative to healthy controls. However, the neural underpinning of this impulsivity remains uncertain. Furthermore, it remains unclear how impulsivity might differ or be conserved between psychotic disorder diagnoses in mechanism and manifestation. In this study, self-reported impulsivity, measured by Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), was compared between 305 controls (HC), 139 patients with schizophrenia (SZ), 100 with schizoaffective disorder (SZA), and 125 with psychotic bipolar disorder (PBP). In each proband group, impulsivity was associated with regional cortical volumes (using FreeSurfer analysis of T1 MRI scans), suicide attempt history, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), and Social Functioning Scale (SFS). BIS scores were found to differ significantly between participant groups, with SZA and PBP exhibiting significantly higher impulsivity than SZ, which exhibited significantly higher impulsivity than HC. BIS scores were significantly related to suicide attempt history, and they were inversely associated with GAF, SFS, and bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) volume in both SZA and PBP, but not SZ. These findings indicate that psychotic disorders, particularly those with prominent affective symptoms, are characterized by elevated self-reported impulsivity measures. Impulsivity's correlations with suicide attempt history, GAF, and SFS suggest that impulsivity may be a mediator of clinical outcome. The observed impulsivity-OFC correlations corroborate the importance of OFC deficits in impulsivity. These correlations' presence in SZA and PBP but not in SZ suggests that impulsivity may have different underlying mechanisms in affective and non-affective psychotic disorders.
Simulation-Based Electricity Demand Response for Combined Manufacturing and HVAC System Towards Sustainability

In this paper, we introduce a simulation-based method to implement electricity demand response for manufacturers considering both heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) and manufacturing systems. Compared with the existing literature where the demand response implementation for manufacturing system and HVAC system is usually conducted separately, this paper advances the state of the art by combining two systems together in demand response. A joint simulation model is established using ProModel and EnergyPlus. ProModel is first used to simulate the demand response for the manufacturing system to obtain the demand response actions without influencing production. After that, these actions are used as input information in EnergyPlus where the HVAC and building models are developed. The interaction between the heat generated due to manufacturing machine operation and the indoor heat demand is explored. Three different demand response strategies, i.e., 1) the baseline model that neither manufacturing system nor HVAC is considered for demand response; 2) only manufacturing system is considered for demand response; and 3) both the HVAC and manufacturing systems are considered for demand response, are presented and compared. The results show that the combined model can achieve high power demand reduction during demand response event.© 2015 ASME
Pressure-flow analysis of portal vein and hepatic artery interactions in porcine liver.

Interactions between the hepatic arterial and portal venous circulations were investigated in nine intact and eight isolated perfused porcine livers. Pressure-flow (P-Q) relationships were obtained...
Digital Simulation and Performance Evaluation of SINS

In order to meet the requirement of research and test for Strap-down Inertial Navigation System(SINS),a digital simulation system was developed for airborne SINS,which consisted of the signal simulators of Navigation Information System(NIS),data processor,digital-filter,navigation algorithm and initial alignment.The corresponding performance evaluation index system was also established for evaluating the effectiveness of data processor,digital-filter,navigation algorithm and initial alignment for SINS.Finally,a comprehensive evaluation model of SINS was constructed.
Low-dose aspirin protects against lipid accumulation in primate vein bypass grafts.

Platelet inhibition with high-dose aspirin combined with dipyridamole reduces lipid accumulation and improves early patency of coronary artery bypass grafts. However, recent evidence suggests that platelet inhibition can be achieved with substantially lower aspirin doses than have been conventionally prescribed. To evaluate whether low-dose aspirin protects against lipid accumulation in bypass grafts, we studied 15 stump-tailed macaque monkeys in which autologous cephalic veins were grafted into the femoral arteries. A control group received no treatment, a second group was treated with a low, single daily dose of aspirin (12 mg), and a third group was given a higher dosage of aspirin (80 mg/day) combined with dipyridamole (50 mg/day) divided into two daily doses. A special diet was fed that resulted in plasma cholesterol levels (224 ± 50 mg/dl, mean ± standard deviation) and plasma lipoprotein distributions that mimic the profile in humans. Cholesterol concentration in grafts removed 3 months after insertion was 0.47 ± 0.12 mg/100 mg tissue in the control group; it was reduced to 0.23 ± 0.04 mg/100 mg (p
Bone Marrow Acid Phosphatase by Counterimmune Electrophoresis: Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment Correlations

AbstractThe value of bone marrow acid phosphatase in the staging of prostatic cancer has been a controversial issue. A number of investigators have concluded that the enzymatic determinations of bone marrow acid phosphatase are inaccurate because of lack of specificity. The introduction of the immune methods for measuring acid phosphatase has revived interest in the role of immune bone marrow acid phosphatase in pre-treatment staging. Fifty-five patients underwent determination of simultaneous immune bone marrow and serum acid phosphatase before any treatment. While positive values did predict a risk for initial and subsequent metastasis they could not be used to dictate against definitive therapy. Positive bone marrow values were paralleled by positive serum values and provided no additional staging information.
IT ain't what IT used to be

We often talk about living in times of unprecedented change. But, as I think Heracitus said, there is nothing permanent except change, though we may well believe that change is going faster than it has ever gone before. Especially if we want to consider change from a societal point of view, it is worth looking at the past and thinking about what happened in similar circumstances so that we might predict something about the future.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was more effective than minilaparotomy

Source Citation McMahon AJ, Russell IT, Baxter JN, et al. Laparoscopic versus minilaparotomy cholecystectomy: a randomised trial. Lancet. 1994 Jan 15;343:135-8.
Hafnians and Multidimensional Permanents

We explore certain extensions of the permanent: hafnians enumerate perfect matchings in general graphs and multidimensional permanents enumerate perfect matchings in hypergraphs. With the notable exception of the mixed discriminant, which can be thought of as a “permanent-determinant” of a 3-dimensional array, these extensions no longer have connections to \(\mathbb H\)-stable polynomials, which is a major disadvantage. However, other methods we tried on permanents generally continue to work. Using scaling, we establish a decomposition of hafnians and multidimensional permanents into the product of an easy to handle “scaling part” and hard to handle “d-stochastic part”. We prove that the d-stochastic part is still concentrated, though weaker than in the case of the permanent.
Elephantiasis nostras of the lips: A case report

Elephantiasis nostras (EN) is a clinical entity that usually presents as a persistent swelling of the lower extremities. It has been related to recurrent lymphangitis of bacterial origin that causes a fibrosis and thickening of both epidermal and connective tissue. Although very rare, EN has been previously reported in the lips. This is the first case reported in the oral medicine literature that describes EN involving the lips. We describe the clinical features and a differential diagnosis of the lip lesions and a treatment protocol to which this patient has responded. A diagnosis of EN should be entertained in patients with chronically edematous, scaling lip lesions.
Peroxidase Active Site Activity Assay

Cyclooxygenase enzymes house spatially distinct cyclooxygenase- and peroxidase-active sites. The two-electron reduction of peroxides to their corresponding alcohols by the heme bound in the peroxidase-active site converts the heme to a ferryloxoprotoporyphrin cation radical, with a reductant providing the two electrons necessary to bring the heme back to its resting state. The ferryloxoprotoporyphrin cation radical can abstract a hydrogen atom from a tyrosine residue in the cyclooxygenase-active site, activating the oxygenase functionality. The tyrosyl radical subsequently abstracts a hydrogen atom from the cyclooxygenase substrate, arachidonic acid, leading to its oxygenation and the formation of a hydroperoxy endoperoxide intermediate, PGG(2). The peroxidase functionality reduces PGG(2) to the hydroxy endoperoxide, PGH(2), which serves as the precursor to downstream prostaglandins and thromboxane. The peroxidase activity of cycloxygenase enzymes can be assayed by quantifying the oxidation of a peroxidase reductant or the reduction of a hydroperoxide substrate. Here we describe a spectrophotometric assay used to measure the oxidation of a reductant, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), as well as a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the measurement of the conversion of 5-phenyl-4-pentyl hydroperoxide (PPHP) to its corresponding alcohol. The first provides a continuous but indirect assay of peroxidase activity, whereas the second provides a discontinuous but direct assay.
Issues in defining mental retardation

Responses were made to MacMillan, Gresham, and Siperstein's (1993) criticisms of the new AAMR definition. The new AAMR definition does not raise the IQ limit and is not intended to increase the number of people considered to have mental retardation. There is no intent to change who is and who is not considered to have mental retardation. Instead, the intent is to change how people think about mental retardation: The old deficiency model is replaced with a new support model. MacMillan et al.'s criticisms are based on unfortunate misstatements of both the 1983 and the 1992 AAMR definitions of mental retardation and on misunderstandings of psychometric science. On the one hand, they argued that intelligence tests are culturally biased. On the other hand, they criticized the AAMR for not making greater use of inflexible IQ cutoffs in defining mental retardation. They misunderstood that cultural bias is an argument for, not against, flexibility in the interpretation of intelligence tests.
Genesis of Melting

The fundamental process responsible for initiating the melting of condensed matter has remained a mysterious and, as yet, unsolved problem. The long-standing interest in this most basic of phase transitions has nevertheless resulted in a great number of theoretical interpretations. The key question still to be answered is, what happens on the atomic scale when a crystal melts?
Single-bubble water boiling on small heater under Earth's and low gravity.

Today’s trends for enhancing boiling heat transfer in terrestrial and space applications focus on removal of bubbles to prevent formation of a vapor layer over the surface at high overheat. In contrast, this paper presents a new boiling regime that employs a vapor–air bubble residing on a small heater for minutes and driving cold water over the surface to provide high heat flux. Single-bubble boiling of water was investigated under normal gravity and low gravity in parabolic flights. Experiments demonstrated a negligible effect of gravity level on the rate of heat transfer from the heater. Due to self-adjustment of the bubble size, the heat flux provided by boiling rose linearly up with increasing heater temperature and was not affected by a gradually rising water temperature. The fast response and stable operation of single-bubble boiling over a broad range of temperatures pave the way for development of new devices to control heat transfer by forming surface domains with distinct thermal properties and wettability. The bubble lifetime can be adjusted by changing the water temperature. The ability of heating water on millimeter scales far above 100 °C without an autoclave or a powerful laser provides a new approach for processing of biomaterials and chemical reactions. A mechanism by which light-weight heaters can more effectively boil water is identified by researchers in the USA. Increasing the rate at which a fluid is heated is hampered by the formation of a layer of vapor on the surface of a heater, which prevents heat flow. This is particularly problematic for small heaters such as those required in space applications. Boris Khusid and his colleagues from the New Jersey Institute of Technology now demonstrate a new boiling regime that takes advantage of an air-vapor bubble that forms on a smaller heater. This bubble drives cold water to the surface and improves the flow of heat. This effect was investigated both under normal gravity and in a low-gravity environment created by parabolic flights, with gravity exhibiting only a negligible influence on the rate of heat transfer.
Recurrence of conduction following radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures: Relationship to ablation target and electrode temperature

Recurrence of Conduction Following RF Catheter Ablation. Introduction: More than 1 in 10 patients may develop recurrence of conduction after undergoing a successful radiofrequency catheter ablation procedure. The physiologic basis for recurrence following successful ablation procedures remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of electrode temperature as a predictor of recurrence following radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures. Methods and Results: The subjects of this study were 538 patients who underwent a successful attempt at radiofrequency catheter ablation of AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, an accessory pathway, and/or the AV junction. Patients were followed for a mean of 215 ± 138 days. Conduction recurred in 35 (6.5%) of the 538 patients. Recurrence of conduction occurred in 25 (9.3%) of 270 patients undergoing ablation of an accessory pathway, 7 (3.5%) of 201 patients undergoing ablation of AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, and in 3 (4.5%) of 67 patients undergoing ablation of the AV junction. The electrode temperature achieved at successful sites associated with recurrence was not different from the temperature achieved at successful sites without recurrence (61.1 ± 8.9 vs 61.6 ± 9.1; P = 0.8). The likelihood of developing a recurrence was higher following ablation of accessory pathways than following ablation of A V nodal reentrant tachycardia or the AV junction (P = 0.03). Patients experiencing a recurrence following ablation of an accessory pathway had longer procedure durations (P = 0.0001). Ablation of left free-wall pathways was associated with a lower incidence of recurrence as compared with all other locations (P = 0.008). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that electrode temperature at the successful ablation site cannot be used to identify patients at highest risk of recurrence.
LiTM: A Lightweight Deterministic Software Transactional Memory System

Deterministic software transactional memory (STM) is a useful programming model for writing parallel codes, as it improves programmability (by supporting transactions) and debuggability (by supporting determinism). This paper presents LiTM, a new deterministic STM system that achieves both simplicity and efficiency at the same time. LiTM implements the deterministic reservations framework of Blelloch et al., but without requiring the programmer to understand the internals of the algorithm. Instead, the programmer writes the program in a transactional fashion and LiTM manages all data conflicts and automatically achieves deterministic parallelism. Our experiments on six benchmarks show that LiTM outperforms the state-of-the-art framework Galois by up to 5.8× on a 40-core machine.
Local nascent protein deposition and remodelling guide mesenchymal stromal cell mechanosensing and fate in three-dimensional hydrogels

Hydrogels serve as valuable tools for studying cell–extracellular matrix interactions in three-dimensional environments that recapitulate aspects of native extracellular matrix. However, the impact of early protein deposition on cell behaviour within hydrogels has largely been overlooked. Using a bio-orthogonal labelling technique, we visualized nascent proteins within a day of culture across a range of hydrogels. In two engineered hydrogels of interest in three-dimensional mechanobiology studies—proteolytically degradable covalently crosslinked hyaluronic acid and dynamic viscoelastic hyaluronic acid hydrogels—mesenchymal stromal cell spreading, YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation and osteogenic differentiation were observed with culture. However, inhibition of cellular adhesion to nascent proteins or reduction in nascent protein remodelling reduced mesenchymal stromal cell spreading and nuclear translocation of YAP/TAZ, resulting in a shift towards adipogenic differentiation. Our findings emphasize the role of nascent proteins in the cellular perception of engineered materials and have implications for in vitro cell signalling studies and application to tissue repair. The extracellular matrix surrounding cells plays a significant role in their behaviour. The spreading, mechanosensing and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells are shown to be dependent on the early deposition and remodelling of local nascent proteins within degradable and viscoelastic hydrogels.
Claudins: Gatekeepers of lung epithelial function

The lung must maintain a proper barrier between airspaces and fluid filled tissues in order to maintain lung fluid balance. Central to maintaining lung fluid balance are epithelial cells which create a barrier to water and solutes. The barrier function of these cells is mainly provided by tight junction proteins known as claudins. Epithelial barrier function varies depending on the different needs within the segments of the respiratory tree. In the lower airways, fluid is required to maintain mucociliary clearance, whereas in the terminal alveolar airspaces a thin layer of surfactant enriched fluid lowers surface tension to prevent airspace collapse and is critical for gas exchange. As the epithelial cells within the segments of the respiratory tree differ, the composition of claudins found in these epithelial cells is also different. Among these differences is claudin-18 which is uniquely expressed by the alveolar epithelial cells. Other claudins, notably claudin-4 and claudin-7, are more ubiquitously expressed throughout the respiratory epithelium. Claudin-5 is expressed by both pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cells. Based on in vitro and in vivo model systems and histologic analysis of lungs from human patients, roles for specific claudins in maintaining barrier function and protecting the lung from the effects of acute injury and disease are being identified. One surprising finding is that claudin-18 and claudin-4 control lung cell phenotype and inflammation beyond simply maintaining a selective paracellular permeability barrier. This suggests claudins have more nuanced roles for the control of airway and alveolar physiology in the healthy and diseased lung.
Virtual Showdown: An Accessible Virtual Reality Game with Scaffolds for Youth with Visual Impairments

Virtual Reality (VR) is a growing source of entertainment, but people who are visually impaired have not been effectively included. Audio cues are motivated as a complement to visuals, making experiences more immersive, but are not a primary cue. To address this, we implemented a VR game called Virtual Showdown. We based Virtual Showdown on an accessible real-world game called Showdown, where people use their hearing to locate and hit a ball against an opponent. Further, we developed Verbal and Verbal/Vibration Scaffolds to teach people how to play Virtual Showdown. We assessed the acceptability of Virtual Showdown and compared our scaffolds in an empirical study with 34 youth who are visually impaired. Thirty-three participants wanted to play Virtual Showdown again, and we learned that participants scored higher with the Verbal Scaffold or if they had prior Showdown experience. Our empirical findings inform the design of future accessible VR experiences.
Menyoal Pengaturan Anti Eco-SLAPP Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009

Anti Eco-SLAPP telah diadopsi dan dirumuskan dalam Pasal 66 Undang- Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (UU 32/2009). Ketentuan Anti Eco-SLAPP merupakan bentuk perlindungan bagi masyarakat untuk berperan serta dalam memperjuangkan hak atas lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat. Hanya saja penjelasan Pasal 66 UU 32/2009 memiliki perbedaan dengan konsep dasar Anti Eco-SLAPP. Selain itu, ketiadaan interpretasi secara resmi terhadap penjelasan Pasal 66 UU 32/2009 berpotensi memberikan menghambat implementasi Anti Eco-SLAPP di Indonesia
When APIs are intentionally bypassed: an exploratory study of API workarounds

Application programming interfaces (APIs) have become ubiquitous in software development. However, external APIs are not guaranteed to contain every desirable feature, nor are they immune to software defects. Therefore, API users will sometimes be faced with situations where a current API does not satisfy all of their requirements, but migrating to another API is costly. In these cases, due to the lack of communication channels between API developers and users, API users may intentionally bypass an existing API after inquiring into workarounds for their API problems with online communities. This mechanism takes the API developer out of the conversation, potentially leaving API defects unreported and desirable API features undiscovered. In this paper we explore API workaround inquiries from API users on Stack Overflow. We uncover general reasons why API users inquire about API workarounds, and general solutions to API workaround requests. Furthermore, using workaround implementations in Stack Overflow answers, we develop three API workaround implementation patterns. We identify instances of these patterns in real-life open source projects and determine their value for API developers from their responses to feature requests based on the identified API workarounds.
Acute epiglottitis: Analysis of U.S. mortality trends from 1979 to 2017.

Abstract Purpose Evaluate trends in mortality due to acute epiglottitis before and after adoption of Haemophilus influenza Type b vaccination (Hib) in pediatric and adult populations. Materials and methods Patients who died from acute epiglottis from 1979 to 2017 identified using National Vital Statistics System. Mortality rates calculated using age-adjusted US census data expressed in rate per 100,000 individuals. Trends analyzed using the National Cancer Institute Joinpoint Regression Program (version 4.7.0; Bethesda, Maryland). Results 1187 epiglottitis-related deaths were identified over thirty-nine years. Total deaths decreased from 65 in 1979 to 15 in 2017. Adult deaths accounted for 63.5% and decreased from 0.015 per 100,000 individuals (24 deaths) in 1979 to 0.006 per 100,000 individuals (14 deaths) in 2017. Best fitting log-liner regression model showed APC of −3.5% (95% CI, −4.2 to −2.7%) from 1979 to 2017. Pediatric and adolescent deaths accounted for 443 (37.3%) deaths, decreasing from 0.064 per 100,000 individuals (41 deaths) in 1979 to 0.001 per 100,000 individuals (1 death) in 2017. APC was −11.1% (95% CI, −13.8% to −8.3%) in 1979 to 1990; 46.5% (95% CI, −16.6% to 157.3%) in 1990 to 1993; −61.6% (95% CI, −88% to 23%) in 1993 to 1996; and 1.1% (95% CI, −2.4% to 4.7%) in 1996 to 2017. Conclusions Mortality from acute epiglottitis decreased after widespread adoption of Hib vaccination in the US. Adults are now more likely than children to die of acute epiglottitis. Further research including multi-institutional cohort studies must be done to elucidate causative factors contributing to remaining cases of mortality.
Epibulbar Proliferative Fasciitis, a Variant of Nodular Fasciitis: A Differential Diagnosis of Conditions With Focal or Diffuse Myxoid Stromas.

Purpose To describe the clinical and pathologic features of a case of epibulbar proliferative fasciitis and to compare it with other focal or diffuse myxoid lesions. Methods A clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. The clinical history, photographic documentation, history, and referred slides were reanalyzed. Additional immunohistochemical stains were performed at our institution. Results A 68-year-old woman developed over a week a brightly vascularized and focally hemorrhagic placoid lesion on the temporal side of the OS. She had had earlier augmentation breast surgery that had been mistakenly initially reported to us to be for breast carcinoma. Hematoxylin- and eosin-stained reactions revealed microscopically a spindle cell lesion with an intact nonkeratinizing epithelium and a background myxoid stroma with prominent capillaries and a light dispersion of small T-cell lymphocytes. Most striking among the spindle cells were some widely separated large atypical cells. The atypical cells were cytokeratin positive, but an expansive panel of immunohistochemical stains for breast carcinoma was negative. The lesion was diagnosed as proliferative fasciitis and has not recurred after 1-year follow up. Conclusion A rapidly evolving conjunctival lesion is unlikely to be a primary or metastatic carcinoma. In the current case, the large ganglioform or rhabdomyoblast-like cells displayed diffuse cytokeratin positivity, still consistent with a mesenchymal or connective tissue cell lineage. Cytokeratin expression has been a finding previously reported in connective tissue tumors and in lymphoma cells. While the current lesion clinically resembles a conventional nodular fasciitis, the presence of the large atypical cells can lead to the misdiagnosis of a sarcoma, which typically displays a much higher Ki-67 proliferation index in comparison with nodular/proliferative fasciitis.
Spelling Out CICs: A Multi-Organ Examination of the Contributions of Cancer Initiating Cells’ Role in Tumor Progression

Tumor invasion and metastasis remain the leading causes of mortality for patients with cancer despite current treatment strategies. In some cancer types, recurrence is considered inevitable due to the lack of effective anti-metastatic therapies. Recent studies across many cancer types demonstrate a close relationship between cancer-initiating cells (CICs) and metastasis, as well as general cancer progression. First, this review describes CICs' contribution to cancer progression. Then we discuss our recent understanding of mechanisms through which CICs promote tumor invasion and metastasis by examining the role of CICs in each stage. Finally, we examine the current understanding of CICs' contribution to therapeutic resistance and recent developments in CIC-targeting drugs. We believe this understanding is key to advancing anti-CIC clinical therapeutics.
Prospects of a Pb^{2+} Ion Clock.

We propose a high-performance atomic clock based on the 1.81 PHz transition between the ground and first-excited state of doubly ionized lead. Utilizing an even isotope of lead, both clock states have $I=J=F=0$, where $I$, $J$, and $F$ are the conventional quantum numbers specifying nuclear, electronic, and total angular momentum, respectively. The clock states are nondegenerate and completely immune to nonscalar perturbations, including first order Zeeman and electric quadrupole shifts. Additionally, the proposed clock is relatively insusceptible to other frequency shifts (blackbody radiation, second order Zeeman, Doppler), accommodates ``magic'' rf trapping, and is robust against decoherence mechanisms that can otherwise limit clock stability. By driving the transition as a two-photon $E1+M1$ process, the accompanying probe Stark shift is appreciable yet manageable for practical Rabi frequencies.
Abstract 235: Identifying potential drug targets using patient-derived, tissue specific, gene regulatory networks

Recent developments in sequencing have allowed consortiums like ENCODE and ROADMAP to probe the epigenome of normal and cancer cell lines. Applying these approaches in a broad fashion to patient data has been difficult but a pioneering TCGA study using ATAC-Seq, an assay for probing open chromatin and thus regulatory regions, provides an opportunity to analyze cancer patient epigenomes for key regulators and potential drug targets. Utilizing this TCGA dataset, we identify the regulatory targets of open chromatin regions as assayed by ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq across 371 patients on a patient-specific basis. We subsequently utilize transcription factor (TF) footprinting to identify regions bound by 850 TF T 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 235.
A body area power network

The human body can be used as a medium to couple ambient energy and transmit power to wearable devices.
A Computational Analysis of the Tradeoff in the Estimation of Different State Space Specifications of Continuous Time Affine Term Structure Models

This paper conducts a computational analysis of several specifications of the affine term structure model (ATSM) to explore the tradeoff between estimation when parameter restrictions are imposed and computational burdens are simplified and estimation in the absence of parameter restrictions and the economic implications of the findings are able to be generalized. We measure the effects of this tradeoff using distance measures constructed from histograms containing data corresponding to important components of the state space model formulation for the ATSM generated from simulation analyses. In estimating each specification, we optimize the log-likelihood function for the underlying state space model using the Kalman filter (KF). We find that the introduction of parameter restrictions bolsters the variability in its computation by introducing complex parameter dependencies (e.g., higher order exponents, exponentiation, logarithms, logarithms of higher order exponents) that are difficult to interpret. For conditional moments, the introduction of parameter restrictions reduces the complexity of the parameter dependencies and this reduces the variability in its computation. Finally, we connect these insights obtained from the simulation analyses to the application of the KF using market data and perform consistency tests on each state space model to demonstrate the accuracy of the application of the KF. Suggestions for future research are provided.