cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mixed methods evaluation of a collaborative care implementation using RE-AIM.

INTRODUCTION Application of the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) framework using mixed methods to evaluate a collaborative care practice implementation can inform the literature on real-world collaborative care experiences. METHOD Two primary care practices serving Niagara Falls, NY, implemented collaborative care. Adults age 18 and over were screened at least annually for depression, anxiety, and alcohol use using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7), and the AUDIT alcohol consumption questionnaire (AUDIT-C). Primary care clinicians referred patients screening positive to the on-site behavioral health care manager (BHCM) with warm handoffs; the BHCM used a mixed therapeutic approach, initiated consultations with a psychiatrist and a community resource liaison as needed, in collaboration with the clinician. External evaluators used mixed methods to assess collaborative care services' RE-AIM. RESULTS Nearly 40% of patients screened positive for at least one behavioral healthcare (BH) concern or were referred to BH services upon clinician judgment. Of these patients, 43% were referred to integrated BH services, of whom 86% accepted and 54% actually participated in services. There were no differences in changes in symptoms between those who did and did not participate in services. Patients reported the services were valuable and helped build skills for coping with complex health conditions and psychosocial issues. DISCUSSION Evaluation of collaborative care using the RE-AIM framework may help others systematically evaluate programs, identify local improvement opportunities, and contribute to the broad literature on integrated care dissemination and implementation. (PsycINFO Database Record
Exploration of the potential of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR) for induction of both differentiation and apoptosis in two human malignant glioblastoma cell lines T98G and U87MG

655 Retinoids have been shown to regulate vital cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Fenretinide or N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR) is a synthetic retinoid that has shown minimal side effects in humans. It has biological activity against several malignancies, including leukemia and neuroblastoma in cell culture models. The efficacy of 4-HPR as a chemotherapeutic agent has also been demonstrated in animal models of mammary and prostatic tumors. Moreover, evaluation of 4-HPR action in several clinical trials appears to indicate a role for 4-HPR in controlling the growth of various malignancies in humans. Clinically achievable plasma concentrations of 4-HPR ranging from 1 to 3 μM have been shown to be well-tolerated in patients on clinical trial. More studies are being currently conducted to clarify a role for 4-HPR in controlling some malignancies. Glioblastoma is a highly malignant brain cancer that remains mostly refractory to the action of many chemotherapeutic agents. To explore the mechanisms underlying the chemotherapeutic effects of 4-HPR in human glioblastoma, we used two human glioblastoma cell lines T98G and U87MG. Trypan blue dye exclusion test showed that 4-HPR in a dose-dependent manner decreased the number of viable human glioblastoma cells. In situ methylene blue staining detected the morphological features of differentiated human glioblastoma cells following exposure to 1 μM and 2 μM HPR for 24 h. We applied the telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) to 4-HPR treated glioblastoma cells to determine a decrease in the activity of telomerase, an enzyme responsible for lending the unlimited capability of proliferation to the cancers including glioblastomas. Wright staining indicated predominantly apoptotic features in human glioblastoma cells following exposure to 1 μM and 2 μM 4-HPR for 72 h. Apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells was associated with an increase in intracellular free Ca2+, as determined by fura-2 assay. Western blot analyses showed alterations in the levels of expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins resulting in an increase in Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, and overexpression of calpain and caspase-3 that were also activated to cleave 270 kD α-spectrin at the specific sites for generation of 145 kD and 120 kD spectrin break down products (SBDPs), repectively, during apoptosis. Activation of caspase-3 was also confirmed by a colorimetric assay. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that 4-HPR can be used for induction of both differentiation and apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells. The efficacy of 4-HPR further needs to be evaluated in xenografted and allografted animal models of glioblastoma. The current investigation was supported in part by the R01 grants from the NCI and NINDS of the NIH (Bethesda, MD), and also a grant from the State of SC.
Measurement of Sub-micron Deformations and Stresses at Microsecond Intervals in Laterally Impacted Composite Plates Using Digital Gradient Sensing

Visualization and quantification of surface topography and stresses from measured slope data is of considerable importance to study many engineering problems including response of structural plates to stress wave loading. In this work, a full-field optical technique called Digital Gradient Sensing (DGS) is implemented in the reflection-mode to quantify time-resolved surface slopes in composite plates at microsecond intervals as they are impact loaded. The method being capable of determining two orthogonal surface slopes by measuring angular deflections of light rays, as small as a few micro-radians, surface topography can be quantified using a Higher-order Finite-difference-based Least-squares Integration (HFLI). Numerical differentiation of surface slopes, on the other hand, provides all three curvatures enabling estimation of stresses. Carbon fiber reinforced composite plates of different layups are subjected to dynamic impact loading using a Hopkinson pressure bar. Ultrahigh-speed digital photography is used to record deformations using DGS. The out-of-plane deformations are obtained by post-processing data from DGS at each time instant using HFLI whereas stresses are estimated by evaluating instantaneous curvatures obtained by differentiating measured slopes.
Studies of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophages. Structural characterization by electron microscopy.

A Bacillus subtilis phage, SP3, and its bacterial host were examined by high resolution electron microscopy. The structural components of negatively stained “normal” and “contracted” phages were studied and their dimensions were determined. In addition to components previously described for other phages, a distinct structure connecting the head and tail of SP3 was demonstrated. Sections of the host bacterium, B. subtilis SB19 revealed a definite nuclear area, a cytoplasmic membrane, and a “mesosome” derived from the membrane.
Screening for Cognitive Decline and Assessment of Dementia with African Americans

In this chapter we review the literature on cognitive decline and dementia in African American elders with a specific focus on the Mini-Mental Status Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Cognistat, Short Blessed Test, Mini-Cog-Functional Activities Questionnaire (MC-FAQ), Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSI-D), AD-8, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), and examination of ADLs and IADLs. In our review of the literature we found that adjustments to cutoff scores for screening measures may be necessary based on age, education, and literacy level. In addition, there are a number of cultural considerations that must be taken into account in the interpretation of assessment results. Specifically, we recommend that literacy and educational attainment be taken into consideration when interpreting scores on screening measures. When a cognitive screen results in suspected cognitive decline, further assessment will be necessary including using collateral contacts. Lastly, the MMSE may be useful in terms of establishing baseline cognitive performance and may be used to track cognitive decline over time.
Synthesis of Functional Polyolefin Graft Copolymers

This chapter focuses on the development of a versatile method to prepare functional polyolefin graft copolymers having relatively well-defined molecular structures. The chemistry is based on reactive polyolefin copolymers containing comonomer units, such as borane monomers, p-methylstyrene, and divinylbenzene. The reactive co-monomers can be very effectively incorporated into polyolefins, with narrow molecular weight and composition distributions by using metallocene technology. The pendent reactive groups, located along the polyolefin backbone, are very effective in engaging the subsequent graft polymerizations. The chapter presents an example of divinylbenzene that shows good reactivity in many subsequent polymerization mechanisms. This graft technique benefits greatly from the simplicity of its reaction process. Many functional polyolefin graft copolymers have been prepared and reported. Most of the functional polyolefin graft copolymers show good interfacial activities and improved morphology and adhesion between micro-domain structures. Improved mechanical properties of polyolefin blends and composites have also been presented in the chapter.
Ratzinger, Habermas i Pera o racji publicznej i religii

The article discusses the views of Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI, Marcello Pera and Jurgen Habermas on the theistic paradigm in science. Although the above thinkers come from different philosophical schools, they share a common belief that the atheist paradigm in science, especially in ethics, leads to reductionism and, as a result, hinders the acquisition of authentic knowledge. The proposed solution is to act veluti si Deus daretur, as if God did indeed exist
Cancer Mutations in SPOP Put a Stop to Its Inter-compartmental Hops.

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Bouchard et al. (2018) identify liquid-liquid phase separation as a mechanism for substrate-triggered localization of SPOP and ubiquitination machinery to different nuclear bodies and describe how cancer mutations disrupt this process.
Models of brain injury vocational rehabilitation: The evidence for resource facilitation from efficacy to effectiveness

Background Resource Facilitation (RF) is an intervention developed to improve return to work (RTW) following brain injury. RF is an individualized treatment specializing in connecting patients and caregivers with community-based resources and services to mitigate barriers to return to work. Objectives Examine the effectiveness of the RHI RF program for a clinical prospective cohort of participants referred to this program from the State Vocational Rehabilitation agency. Methods Participants were 243 participants with data drawn from the two sources: 33 from previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) control groups who did not receive RF and 210 from clinical patients discharged from the RHI RF program. Results At discharge from RF, a greater proportion of the treatment group obtained employment than the control group [X2 (1) = 5.39, p = 0.018]. When controlling for baseline level of disability, treatment group significantly predicted employment outcome (Wald = 4.52, p = 0.033) and participants in the treatment group were 2.3 times more likely to return to work than controls. Conclusions Previous RCTs have studied the RHI RF model and demonstrated significant efficacy. The findings from the present study are consistent with the employment rates found in the previous RCT's following RF, and also provide initial support for the clinical effectiveness of RF.
Management of Priapism: A Contemporary Review.

Abstract Introduction Current management of ischemic priapism revolves around 3 principles: resolving the acute event, preserving erectile function, and reducing the risk of future recurrences. Although more conservative management options, such as aspiration, irrigation, and surgical shunts, are effective in many patients, those who are refractory to these interventions or have prolonged priapism may benefit from placement of a penile prosthesis (PP). Aim To provide a comprehensive overview of priapism management, highlight the current literature on the utility of penile implants for refractory priapism, and provide insight from a high-volume center on surgical decision making and technique. Methods A complete review of the current guidelines and associated literature was performed. Associated algorithms were evaluated, and our experience was overlaid on the data present in the literature. Main Outcome Measures The current management algorithm for priapism was evaluated. Subsequently, the data on acute and delayed PP placement were assessed. Rates of postoperative infection, erectile dysfunction, and patient satisfaction were also examined. Results Overall, both delayed and early PP implants are associated with higher rates of failure than routine PP implants. In patients with refractory or prolonged priapism, early implantation may be technically easier, with decreased loss of penile length and associated complications. Conclusion Patients should be evaluated on an individual basis and counseled on the risks and benefits of PP implantation in early and delayed time frames. Although there is no definitive evidence at this time regarding the ideal device or timing of implantation, there are well-established pros and cons of malleable vs inflatable prostheses and of acute vs delayed implantation. Mishra K, Loeb A, Bukavina L, et al. Management of Priapism: A Contemporary Review. Sex Med Rev 2020;8:131–139.
Effect of uncertainty in meteorological conditions on aircraft noise levels

To comply with noise regulations and to plan infrastructure around airports, there is a need to accurately predict aircraft noise levels. Even when high fidelity noise propagation models are used, the accuracy of noise level predictions can be affected by uncertainty in the input parameters. This work looks at the change in SPLs due to these uncertainties. To incorporate the effect of meteorological uncertainties, the methodology presented in Wilson et al. [JASA(2014)] is extended to the geometry of aircraft noise propagation. To allow for faster computations, a simplified version of the NORD 2000 noise propagation method is used. This work explores the effect of individual meteorological uncertainties in the propagation path (such as temperature profile and wind profile) as well as their combined effect on the SPLs for terminal area aircraft altitudes. [Work supported by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration Office of Environment and Energy through ASCENT, the FAA Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and the Environment, project 40 through FAA Award No. 13-C-AJFE-PSU under the supervision of Hua He. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the FAA.]
Interaction Dynamics Between Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric Domains in a Pb Zr O 3 -Based Ceramic

How ferroelectric (FE) and antiferroelectric (AFE) domains interact under an electric field is interesting, given the coexistence of FE and AFE phases in technologically important compositions. Work on AFE oxides has focused on the field-induced AFE-to-FE phase transition, though, as such a global event can be readily characterized with bulk measurements. This study employs $i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n$ $s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}u$ transmission electron microscopy to directly reveal the local action at an FE/AFE interface. The microscopic mechanism of the depolarization-field-assisted phase transition is observed and theoretically verified, which will help in engineering the phase interface to tailor the transition for applications.
Kundenbeziehungs-Management in Knowledge Ecosystems

In der Entstehungsphase des Wissensmanagements lag der Schwerpunkt in der Uberfuhrung des intellektuellen Kapitals der Mitarbeiter in intellektuelles Vermogen der Organisation. Inzwischen haben viele Unternehmen erkannt, das auch das intellektuelle Kapital der Kunden wertvoll ist und systematisch ausgeschopft werden mus. Eine Verbesserung des Wissens uber Kunden bietet vielfaItige Moglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Kundenbeziehungen und damit zu Umsatz- und Wertsteigerung. Daher wachsen das Customer Relationship Management (CRM) und das Wissensmanagement immer mehr zusammen. Es kommt zu einer Intensivierung der Wechselwirkungen zwischen Kundenwissen, Unternehmenswissen und Kundenbeziehungen. In diesem Sinne sprechen wir von Knowledge Ecosystems und meinen damit das System der Wechselwirkungen aus Wissensinhalten und Interaktionen innerhalb des Unternehmens sowie zwischen dem Unternehmen und seinen Partnern.
Total variation of atmospheric data: covariance minimization about objective functions to detect conditions of interest

Abstract. Identification of atmospheric conditions within a multivariable atmospheric data set is a necessary step in the validation of emerging and existing high-fidelity models used to simulate wind plant flows and operation. Most often, conditions of interest are determined as those that occur most frequently, given the need for well-converged statistics from observations against which model results are compared. Aggregation of observations without regard to covariance between time series discounts the dynamical nature of the atmosphere and is not sufficiently representative of wind plant operating conditions. Identification and characterization of continuous time periods with atmospheric conditions that have a high value for analysis or simulation sets the stage for more advanced model validation and the development of real-time control and operational strategies. The current work explores a single metric for variation of a multivariate data sample that quantifies variability within each channel as well as covariance between channels. The total variation is used to identify periods of interest that conform to desired objective functions, such as quiescent conditions, ramps or waves of wind speed, and changes in wind direction. The direct detection and classification of events or periods of interest within atmospheric data sets is vital to developing our understanding of wind plant response and to the formulation of forecasting and control models.
Copyright Educational Services and Information in Academic Libraries.

Library and information science literature tells a story of the recent surge in creation the copyright librarian positions in academic libraries from identification of need to construction of job r...
Infectious Intermediate, Posterior, and Panuveitis

The aim of this chapter is to discuss the microbiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and updates on management of a range of commonly encountered infectious causes of intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis.
A prophylactic and a therapeutic against AML.

An injectable biomaterial vaccine encapsulating antigens associated with acute myeloid leukaemia, dendritic-cell-targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines and an adjuvant protects mice from the disease.
Weaponized Noncombatants, Child Soldiers, and Targeting Innocents

This article presents a novel theory of noncombatant immunity that can serve as a practical guide for soldiers in the field. It improves on existing theories by justifying why and when an innocent ...
Cyber Attribution from Topological Patterns

We developed a crawler to collect live malware distribution network data from publicly available sources including Google Safe Browser and VirusTotal. We then generated a dynamic graph with our visualization tool and performed malware attribution analysis. We found: 1) malware distribution networks form clusters rather than a single network; 2) those cluster sizes follow the Power Law; 3) there is a correlation between cluster size and the number of malware species in the cluster; 4) there is a correlation between the number of malware species and cyber events; and finally, 5) infrastructure components such as bridges, hubs, and persistent links play significant roles in malware distribution dynamics.
National Urban Policy: Tool for Development

Urbanisation is a significant global trend in the twenty-first century. However, for it to play a transformative role in integrating the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development, coherent policies must be put in place to address significant growth and shrinkage challenges in developing and developed world, respectively. To achieve the desired outcomes, a National Urban Policy (NUP) is an important tool available to governments to aid in coordinating management of urbanisation. It provides a vision for urban transformation and harness opportunities while mitigating inevitable challenges. Due to its ability to structure and organise urbanisation and its value as a tool to capitalise on the opportunities, the National Urban Policy has been identified as one of the tools to support implementation and monitoring of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and to implement the New Urban Agenda (NUA). The historical evolution and the renewed interest in National Urban Policies are clear evidence of their value in national urbanisation processes. Without adequate National Urban Policies, world cities will continue to face multiple challenges that will aggravate urban inequalities and poverty. Building smarter and sustainable cities is a common agenda among stakeholders including policymakers in the twenty-first century. In this respect, National Urban Policies are an important tool for considering how smart and green principles can be incorporated into urban policies. The inaugural International Conference on National Urban Policy echoed the importance of National Urban Policies as a multi-sectoral process and tool to help achieve compact, integrated, connected and inclusive cities that are resilient to climate change. Furthermore, the Action Framework for Implementation of the New Urban Agenda (AFINUA) identifies National Urban Policies as strong foundational element for achieving sustainable urbanisation.
Hysteresis in slanted-base-cylinder afterbody flows

Abstract Afterbody flows such as those behind cargo aircraft type configurations display rich fluid dynamic behavior, including flow separation at the base of body, complex three-dimensional vortical structures and wake turbulence. A representative configuration for study is a cylinder with axis parallel to the freestream and an upswept base. At low upsweep angles, measured relative to the axis, the flow is characterized by a pair of streamwise vortices. As the angle is increased, the flow transitions to a wake closure. Experimental evidence shows that near the critical angle, ( ϕ ≃ 45 ° ) , either of the two patterns may be obtained, depending on the history of the flow i.e., the flow exhibits hysteresis. The features associated with this phenomenon are examined numerically using a validated Large-Eddy Simulation approach. A systematic campaign varying both Reynolds number and upsweep angle confirms the presence of hysteresis at R e D = 25 , 000 and ϕ = 45 ° . In the vortex regime, the three-dimensional separated flow from the sides rolls up into a horseshoe-type vortex with legs representing a streamwise oriented pair displaying coherent but counter-rotating vorticity field, while a diffused wake-like regime is obtained in the other. Sectional projected streamlines highlight the key kinematic differences between the two regimes. The change in base pressure due to very different separation patterns is analyzed to quantitatively examine the large drag disparity observed in experiments. Finally, instantaneous flowfields are used to obtain the shedding characteristics as well as the nature of wake turbulence in both regimes. The present study has relevance to flows in aerodynamic vehicles as well as in automobiles, and may aid in possible control strategies for drag reduction.
Reasons for HOPE.

* Abbreviation: HOPE — : Healthy Outcomes From Positive Experiences Practicing pediatrics in 2020 was difficult. Family life was disrupted by the pandemic. The health effects of inequality and racism were exacerbated. My views on family life during the pandemic have been shaped by meeting (virtually) with >7000 direct service providers around the country through the Healthy Outcomes from Positive Experiences (HOPE) National Resource Center. Their stories reveal how families and communities have adapted to recent disruptions, offering strength and support to their children and one another. Many children had positive experiences that will promote optimal child health and development. Key positive childhood experiences not only promote optimal development but also prevent and mitigate the effects of toxic stress.1 In this perspective, I highlight how we pediatricians might benefit from a shift in mindset toward a view that integrates our understanding of the effects of positive childhood experiences. This integration will require conscious effort because the predominant focus of training and reimbursement has been to screen for risks and refer patients to services. Changing the way we assess the families we serve also opens the door to a more antiracist approach to caring for children. Many children have experienced stronger family relationships through time spent together, supported by an uptick in community engagement. Although mental health problems have increased,2 we have heard stories3 from families who held it together for their kids, celebrating time together as a family. Facing unemployment themselves, people brought food to neighbors who were too old or too ill to venture outdoors. School systems worked to close technology gaps, providing computers and Internet service to students. Children have felt the caring of grandparents, teachers, health providers, … Address correspondence to Robert D. Sege, MD, PhD, Center for Community-Engaged Medicine, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Box 063, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111. E-mail: rsege{at}tuftsmedicalcenter.org
Aspirin, Statins, and Primary Prevention: Opportunities for Shared Decision Making in the Face of Uncertainty

The utility of aspirin and statins for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains ambiguous in older adults. Current guidelines and recent data are vague and inconclusive. This review seeks to summarize the landscape of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in older adults and explore the role of shared decision making. Observational data suggest potential benefit of statin therapy in older adults. Aspirin is presently not recommended for primary prevention based on evidence from recent clinical trials. The implementation of shared decision making and decision aids in routine clinical practice remains challenging but may rise in coming years. Clinical trial data on the horizon may aid in solidifying guideline therapy for statin use. However, in the face of uncertainty, shared decision making between provider and patient should be utilized to determine whether pharmacotherapy may benefit older adults. Decision aids are an effective tool to guide this process.
The effect of expanded insurance coverage under the Affordable Care Act on emergency department utilization in New York.

Abstract Background One of the proposed benefits of expanding insurance coverage under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was a reduction in emergency department (ED) utilization for non-urgent visits related to lack of health insurance coverage and access to primary care providers. The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of the 2014 ACA implementation on ED use in New York. Methods We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Emergency Department and State Inpatient Databases for all outpatient and all inpatient visits for patients admitted through an ED from 2011 to 2016. We focused on in-state residents aged 18 to 64, who were covered under Medicaid, private insurance, or were uninsured prior to the 2014 expansion. We estimated the effect of the expanded insurance coverage on average monthly ED visits volumes and visits per 1000 residents (rates) using interrupted time-series regression analyses. Results After ACA implementation, overall average monthly ED visits increased by around 3.0%, both in volume (9362; 95% Confidence Intervals [CI]: 1681–17,522) and in rates (0.80, 95% CI:0.12–1.49). Medicaid covered ED visits volume increased by 23,972 visits (95% CI: 16,240 –31,704) while ED visits by the uninsured declined by 13,297 (95% CI:−15,856 – −10,737), and by 1453 (95% CI:-4027–1121) for the privately insured. Medicaid ED visits rates per 1000 residents increased by 0.77 (95% CI:-1.96–3.51) and by 2.18 (95% CI:-0.55–4.92) for those remaining uninsured, while private insurance visits rates decreased by 0.48 (95% CI:-0.79 – -0.18). We observed increases in primary-care treatable ED visits and in visits related to mental health and alcohol disorders, substance use, diabetes, and hypertension. All estimated changes in monthly ED visits after the expansion were statistically significant, except for ED visit rates among Medicaid beneficiaries. Conclusion Net ED visits by adults 18 to 64 years of age increased in New York after the implementation of the ACA. Large increases in ED use by Medicaid beneficiaries were partially offset by reductions among the uninsured and those with private coverage. Our results suggest that efforts to expand health insurance coverage only will be unlikely to reverse the increase in ED use.
Teaching Methods in the Context of a Writing Intensive Course

This chapter describes how I developed a writing intensive course, The Politics of NGOs, in which I use substantive writing assignments as a tool for teaching research methods. While we discuss theories of NGOs, I use scaffolded assignments to lead students through the process of writing a research paper. In addition to learning about NGOs, students gain transferable methods skills by applying them to their own research and writing. Ultimately, this course demystifies the research process. Students discover that long research papers are really just a chain of small tasks. Along the way, they develop new information-literacy, research-design, and writing skills.
Organizational practices and workplace relationships in precarious work: New survey evidence

Abstract Organizational practices are important dimensions of the social contexts that shape relationship formation. In workplaces, the formation of relationships among coworkers are resources for personal outcomes, and they can be channels through which workers might identify common grievances, form workplace solidarity, and engage in collective action. Using a unique dataset of retail workers across the United States from the Shift Project, this paper examines two potential pathways by which organizational practices common in the retail industry in the U.S. might shape the formation of workplace relationships. I find evidence of the role of both pathways: practices that limit the opportunities for regular contact and practices that negatively impact the conditions of contact among employees are both associated with fewer workplace ties. I discuss the implications of these findings for the study of collective action and network ecology.
Absorción de antígenos solubles ABH por larvas de Ascaris lumbricoides in vitro

Previous experiences have identified ABH antigens in A. lumbricoides's adult specimens. The parasites only showed epithopes expressed in their respective hos...
Active and passive integration on flexible glass substrates: Subtractive single micron metal interposers and high performance IGZO thin film transistors

Flexible glass is one of the most promising innovations in the 21st century. Its applications in roll-to-roll (R2R) based manufacturing can yield low cost, conformable, and transparent electronics. In this work, we introduce electronic interposer substrates consisting of multiple metal-insulator layers of subtractively processed single micron metal circuit lines as well as high performance IGZO thin film transistors fabricated on Corning® Willow® Glass. All processes are compatible with R2R patterning and fabrication.
Human Enhancement Uses of Biotechnology, Ethics, Therapy vs. Enhancement

Introduction Theories of Health, Disease, and Enhancement Strong Naturalism Weak Naturalism Strong Normativism Weak Normativism Arguments for the Normative Significance of the Distinction Risk–Benefit, Just Allocation, Discrimination The Threat to Athletic Competition Fair Equality of Opportunity Arguments Against the Normative Significance of the Distinction Keywords: biotechnology; ethics
Estimation of the Fructose 1,6-Diphosphatase-phosphofructokinase Substrate Cycle and Its Relationship to Gluconeogenesis in Rat Liver in Vivo

Abstract Substrate cycling of fructose 6-phosphate through reactions catalyzed by phosphofructokinase and fructose 1,6-diphosphatase was estimated in rat liver in vivo. The rate of phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate was determined by measuring the release of tritium to intrahepatic water following the metabolism of intraperitoneally injected [5-3H, U-14C]glucose. For net flux of hepatic glucose metabolism in the direction of glucose formation the rate of fructose 6-phosphate phosphorylation is effectively equal to the rate of substrate cycling. In contrast, when the net flux of glucose metabolism is in the direction of glycolysis, then substrate cycling is a fraction of the rate of fructose 6-phosphate phosphorylation. This fraction is related to the decrease in the 3H:14C ratio in hexose 6-phosphate. For either the fed or the 25-day-old rat that had been fasted for 24 hours or for the 2-day-old suckling rat a net synthesis of glucose from [U-14C]lactate is always observed. At physiological levels of lactate (2 µmoles per g body weight) the net rate of gluconeogenesis is 0.22 µmole x min-1 x g-1 (wet weight of liver) for either the suckling or fasted rat. In the fed rat, the net rate of gluconeogenesis is only 0.06 µmole x min-1 x g-1. These rates represent only a fraction of the maximal observed gluconeogenic capacity of liver since gluconeogenesis is proportional to the amount of lactate injected. Maximal rates of gluconeogenesis are achieved at a lactate concentration of 20 µmoles per g body weight. In contrast to these observations, a number of nonphysiological conditions (injection of hypoglycemic agents, anoxia, low temperature) can be used to produce a net rate of glycolysis in liver. The data from a variety of situation indicate that for the liver in vivo the rate of phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate is inversely proportional to the rate of dephosphorylation of fructose 1,6-diphosphate. In accord with this relationship the rate of cycling of fructose 6-phosphate is maximal (approximately 0.2 µmole x min-1 x g-1 wet weight of liver) when carbon flux is low and decreases when either glycolytic or gluconeogenic rates increase. It is concluded that this cyclic reaction may provide a means for the fine regulation of glucose metabolism in liver. The contribution of substrate cycling of fructose 6-phosphate to the energy cost of hepatic gluconeogenesis under normal conditions is considered to be minor.
Two patterns of perinatal brain damage and their conditions of occurrence.

Abstract Term monkey fetuses may be subjected to episodes of total asphyxia characterized by complete stoppage of respiratory gas exchange. Such animals, after resuscitation and extended survival, exhibit damage to structures in their brainstems. This injury pattern fails to resemble that found after perinatal damage in the human being. Term monkey fetuses subjected to episodes of partial asphyxia, on the other hand, exhibit injury to structures in the hemispheres. This damage, when severe, may consist of a total bilateral hemispheral necrosis. With less severe injury, the necrosis may be restricted to the middle third of the paracentral region and/or to the basal ganglia. After prolonged survival, areas of necrosis are transformed into areas of nodular cortical atrophy, white matter sclerosis, and status marmoratus of the basal ganglia. These eventual long-term, static lesions closely compare to the lesions of human perinatal injury or cerebral palsy. Episodes of in utero fetal partial asphyxia may be brought about in a variety of ways, many of which, in one fashion or another, reduce maternal blood flow through the placenta. Retardation of placental intervillous space perfusion, in turn, diminishes the net exchange of respiratory gases between the mother and the fetus and leads to varying degrees of hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis. Episodes of fetal bradycardia and hypotension following uterine contractions (Type II dips) may appear with severe asphyxia. Such hypotensive episodes may be associated with impairments of cerebral perfusion which, when repeated, may contribute to fetal brain injury. Maternal stimulation with exogenous or endogenous catecholamines leads to fetal asphyxia by producing maternal visceral vasoconstriction, thereby reducing maternal blood flow to the uterus. The tendency for perinatal asphyxia to be associated with myocardial injury and heart failure is emphasized. More babies die of cardiovascular failure secondary to myocardial injury than survive less severe disturbances in heart action to exhibit brain damage.
The Natural Society

The aim of philosophy is to understand the ultimate nature of things, and this aim is always defeated; but the terms of each of its defeats may be accepted by some society and for a while established as an absolute dogma and its beliefs officially enforced by means of one institution or another. When a movement in philosophy falls away exhausted from any given effort, it deposits as a residue a certain view of the world, and this is precisely what in many given cases a society selects in order to promulgate and practice it as the absolute truth.
Continuous ID3 algorithm with fuzzy entropy measures

Fuzzy entropy measures are used to obtain a quick convergence of a continuous ID3 (CID3) algorithm proposed by K.J. Cios and N. Liu (1991), which allows for self-generation of a hierarchical feedforward neural network architecture by converting decision trees into hidden layers of a neural network. To demonstrate the learning capacity of the fuzzy version of the CID3 algorithm, it was tested on difficult spiral data consisting of 192 points, with 96 points for each spiral. One spiral is generated as a reflection of another, making the problem highly not linearly separable. A remarkable decrease in convergence time is achieved by using a fuzzy entropy measure with generalized Dombi operations. >
Working with knowledge at the science/policy interface: a unique example from developing the Tongass Land Management Plan

Abstract An innovative, knowledge-based partnership between research scientists and resource managers in the U.S. Forest Service provided the foundation upon which the Forest Plan was developed that will guide management on the Tongass National Forest for the next 10–15 years. Criteria developed by the scientists to evaluate if management decisions were consistent with the available information base were applied to major components of the emerging final management strategy for the Forest. While the scientists remained value neutral on the contents of the Forest Plan and the management directions provided in it, their evaluation indicated that the decisions it contained for riparian and fish sustainability, wildlife viability, karst and cave protection, slope stability, timber resources, social/economic effects, and monitoring achieved a high degree of consistency with the available scientific information. The Forest Plan, revised to conform with existing scientific knowledge, represents a management strategy designed to sustain the diversity and productivity of the ecosystem while producing goods and services commensurate with the agency’s multiple-use mandate. Execution of this research/management partnership highlighted the role of scientific knowledge in forestry decision-making and provided a new mechanism to input such information into the decision making process. The partnership continues as the scientists are addressing high priority information needs generated by the planning effort in order to have additional information available for plan implementation and revision through adaptive management over the next 3–5 years.
Statistical re-analysis for size dependency in deep-sea mixing

Using the data of Ruddiman et al., we tested the implicit assumption that biogenic mixing intensity DbSLb) within a deposit is independent of particle size. A conservative Friedman rank sums test and the multiple comparison test for it were used to compare the downcore dispersion of several size fractions (11–500 μm) of volcanic ash. In three of the seven cores analyzed, the null hypothesis of size-independent mixing was rejected. Fisher's method of compounding independent probabilities forced rejection of the hypothesis of size-independent mixing overall (P < 0.001), i.e., when all the data for the seven cores were considered together. Mixing is size dependent, with finer fractions being more intensely mixed. The likely cause is size-selective feeding by infauna. The importance of the observed differences in stratigraphy among size fractions must be evaluated against the resolution required to address the problem at hand.
Effects of four lubricants used during incremental insertion of two types of visible light-activated composites

Abstract The effect of alcohols, bonding resins, or dentin adhesives on the adhesive bond between the layers of visible light-activated composites when used as lubricant for composite instruments was investigated. The results of this study indicated that alcohols are not compatible with certain BIS-GMA-based and UEDMA-based composite systems (Herculite and Heliomolar composites were used for this investigation). Use of ethanol as a lubricant caused pure adhesive failure and low bond strength in UEDMA-based composite (Heliomolar), indicating that the bond strength was less than the cohesive strength of the composite. A bonding resin of a similar brand (or the same system) used to lubricate the composite instrument did not affect the bond strength of the bonded composite specimens. In light of this study, a bonding resin of the same resin system as the composite may be the most suitable and reliable material to be used for lubricating the composite instrument.
Spectrophotometric study of coverage and acid-base equilibrium of a chemically bonded base

Abstract An aniline azo dye is immobilized on glass slides by reacting an organosilane reagent with the glass surface. The immobilized dye absorption spectral characteristics closely resemble those of the analogous solution form of the dye. The coverage of the immobilized dye, 1.1·10−10 mol cm−2, is consistent with simple monolayer coverage. The immobilized dye is a weaker base than the soluble form by an equilibrium constant factor of about 10, consistent with an electrostatic effect.
Local and Landscape Habitat Associations of Shorebirds in Wetlands of the Sacramento Valley of California

Abstract The Sacramento Valley of California is a site of international importance for shorebirds despite having lost >90% of its historic wetlands. Currently both managed wetlands and flooded agri...
Conformational Changes of an Ion Channel Detected Through Water−Protein Interactions Using Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

The influenza A virus M2 protein is a pH-gated and amantadine-inhibited proton channel important for the virus life cycle. Proton conduction by M2 is known to involve water; however direct experime...
Toluene removal from air by Dieffenbachia in a closed environment

Abstract Higher plants are likely to play a major role in bioregeneration systems for food, air and water supplies. Plants may also contribute by the removal of toxic organic substances from the air of a closed environment. Dieffenbachia amoena plants were exposed to 0 to 1.2 × 10 6 μg toluene·m −3 at light intensities of 35 and 90 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 in sealed chambers. Toluene removal, photosynthesis and respiration were measured. An increased light inten-sity increased the rate of toluene removal five-fold over the rate at the lower intensity; the kinetics suggest active regulation by the plant. The removal rate saturated at 2700 μg toluene·h −1 at the lower intensity and failed to saturate at the higher intensity. Toluene exposure inhibited photosynthesis and respiration only transiently and without correlation to toluene concentration. These plants can act as efficient scavengers of toluene in a contaminated environment.
Long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes in patients with spontaneous cervico-cranial arterial dissections treated with stent placement.

BACKGROUND Limited data exist regarding the long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes of patients with spontaneous cervico-cranial arterial dissection treated with stent placement. OBJECTIVE To report the immediate and long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes of patients who received stent placement for spontaneous cervico-cranial arterial dissection. Methods We reviewed clinical and angiographic data of consecutive patients with spontaneous, cervico-cranial arterial dissection treated with stent placement. Patients with recurrent ischemic symptoms or severe hemodynamic compromise despite maximal medical therapy, or those with compressive symptoms due to expanding pseudoaneurysms were considered for stent placement. Follow-up angiography and intravascular ultrasound (in select patients) was performed to detect in-stent restenosis, intimal flap, thrombus, or persistent pseudoaneurysm. RESULTS A total of 14 patients were identified, with complete resolution of stenosis achieved in 10 patients immediately post-procedure. Clinical follow-up ranged from 26–900 days, during which there was 1 (7%) TIA, 1 (7%) minor ischemic stroke, and 1 (7%) in hospital death (unrelated to stent placement). Stroke-free survival was 93% at both 1 month and 6 months after the procedure. Follow-up angiography did not reveal any in-stent restenosis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the feasibility, safety, and intermediate term effectiveness of endovascular stent reconstruction of spontaneous, cervico-cranial arterial dissection.
Stable Fixation of Short-stem Femoral Implants in Patients 70 Years and Older

Background Limitations of conventional uncemented femoral stems persist, including proximal-distal mismatch, nonideal load transfer, loss of bone, and difficulties with minimally invasive surgery. Metaphyseal-engaging short-stem implants have been designed to address these issues in THA. While these devices have been studied in younger patients, it is unclear whether they offer advantages in older patients.