cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
3D Analysis of Waveguide Loaded Cavities Using Edge Based Finite Elements

In this paper, 3D analysis of waveguide loaded cavities have been analyzed using edge based finite elements. Formulation of the problem is based on variational principle derived from Maxwell's curl-curl equation. Adjustments in this formulation is made to reduce the problem to a generalized eigenvalue problem. Upon solving this problem, properties such as external Q, resonant frequency, etc. can be determined from this analysis.
The visible burrow system: A view from across the hall

The visible burrow system (VBS) is an ethologically relevant social stress model that creates a distinct dominance hierarchy in rats. Randall Sakai's laboratory performed an impressive series of studies documenting the very different impact of VBS exposure on the brain and behavior of dominants (DOM) and subordinates (SUBs). Hierarchy formation causes pronounced changes in metabolism in SUBs relative to both DOMs and unstressed controls, resulting in marked weight loss and metabolic imbalance. Stress testing revealed multiple phenotypes in the VBS, including DOMs, stress-responsive SUBs and stress-non-responsive SUBs. Stress-responsive SUBs have adrenal hypertrophy and elevated baseline corticosterone, consistent with prolonged HPA axis activation; however, peak acute stress responses are not sensitized. In contrast, stress non-responsive individuals do not mount a response to an acute stress, suggesting HPA axis hypofunction. In brain, SUBs exhibit a pattern of gene regulation consistent with impaired stress inhibition (e.g., hippocampal adrenocorticosteroid receptor down-regulation and dendritic retraction) and drive of stress pathways (e.g., increased locus coeruleus tyrosine hydroxylase expression). The non-responsive phenotype is distinguished by down-regulation of paraventricular nucleus corticotropin releasing hormone expression and enhanced neuropeptide Y expression in amygdala. The brain 'signature' created by VBS hierarchy formation differed substantially from that of another well-studied chronic stress model (chronic variable stress). Thus, the impact of VBS is mediated by neurocircuit mechanisms at least in part distinct that of other chronic stress modalities, and suggests that the nature of the stressor may be an essential consideration in development of treatment strategies for stress-related diseases.
Multivariable Control for Hexapod-Based Satellite Vibration Isolation

Abstract A mathematical model of a six-degree-of-freedom hexapod system for vibration isolation was derived in the discrete-time domain on the basis of the experimental data obtained from a satellite. Using Box-Jenkins model structure, the transfer functions between six piezoelectric actuator input voltages and six geophone sensor output voltages were identified empirically. The 6×6 transfer function matrix is symmetric, and its off-diagonal terms indicate the coupling among different input/output channels. Using multi-input multi-output control techniques such as Linear Quadratic Gaussian and H , high-order controllers were developed. The simulation results using these controllers obtain 37 dB and 15 dB vibration attenuation at 2.5 and 20 Hz frequencies, respectively.
Allosteric modulatory effects of SRI-20041 and SRI-30827 on cocaine and HIV-1 Tat protein binding to human dopamine transporter.

Dopamine transporter (DAT) is the target of cocaine and HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein. Identifying allosteric modulatory molecules with potential attenuation of cocaine and Tat binding to DAT are of great scientific and clinical interest. We demonstrated that tyrosine 470 and 88 act as functional recognition residues in human DAT (hDAT) for Tat-induced inhibition of DA transport and transporter conformational transitions. Here we investigated the allosteric modulatory effects of two allosteric ligands, SRI-20041 and SRI-30827 on cocaine binding on wild type (WT) hDAT, Y470 H and ﻿Y﻿88 F mutants. Effect of SRI-30827 on Tat-induced inhibition of [3H]WIN35,428 binding was also determined. Compared to a competitive DAT inhibitor indatraline, both SRI-compounds displayed a similar decrease (30%) in IC50 for inhibition of [3H]DA uptake by cocaine in WT hDAT. The addition of SRI-20041 or SRI-30827 following cocaine slowed the dissociation rate of [3H]WIN35,428 binding in WT hDAT relative to cocaine alone. Moreover, Y470H and Y88F hDAT potentiate the inhibitory effect of cocaine on DA uptake and attenuate the effects of SRI-compounds on cocaine-mediated dissociation rate. SRI-30827 attenuated Tat-induced inhibition of [3H]WIN35,428 binding. These observations demonstrate that tyrosine 470 and 88 are critical for allosteric modulatory effects of SRI-compounds on the interaction of cocaine with hDAT.
Colonoscopy-induced right superior rectal artery tear: A case report.

Abstract Introduction Colonoscopy is a well-accepted procedure applied worldwide in diagnosis and management of colon lesions. The incidence of reported complications is not rare. Presentation A 79-year-old man with postcolonoscopy intraperitoneal bleeding secondary to superior rectal artery injury. He received computer tomogram and angiogram study to confirmed bleeder from right superior rectal artery and subsequently managed with embolization and operation. Discussion This is the second case report in the literatures of mesentery tear and the first case with massive hemoperitoneum. Conclusion Identification and careful evaluation are crucial for successful diagnosis and treatment in cases such as this after colonoscopy.
Depictions of the Self as Korean in German-Language Literature by Mirok Li and Kang Moon Suk

This chapter presents two Korean writers of German-language literature. Mirok Li (1899–1950) fled Korea in 1919 after participating in a peaceful protest against Japan’s annexation of his country and landed in Germany, where he wrote of his hardships. Kang Moon Suk (1965–) went to Germany as a singer and added to her repertoire erotic poetry suggestive of her background in both a Korea that permitted women some freedom to express their sexuality and also a Germany where she could expose her most intimate self. Seldom recognized for their ethnic particularity, these writers have created a literary picture of themselves as Koreans for the German-reading public that implies ways they have adapted to and coped with German culture.
Acoustic Mismatch Model for Thermal Contact Conductance of Van Der Waals Contacts Under Static Force

Van der Waals interfaces play a major role in technology today. Thermal transport in material systems with van der Waals interfaces is mainly limited by the contact conductance. Although the effect...
Expanding the Horizons of Educational Pair Programming: A Methodological Review of Pair Programming in Computer Science Education Research

Expanding the Horizons of Educational Pair Programming: A Methodological Review of Pair Programming in Computer Science Education Research
Family-Oriented Primary Care in the Real World

This book presents a family-oriented approach to primary care, including the biopsychosocial assessment of the family, the health care of families through the life cycle, and a family-oriented approach to specific medical problems. Implementing this family-oriented approach in daily clinical practice raises broad ethical concerns (“Are family-oriented interventions ethical?”) and specific practical issues (“How will I find the time? Who will pay for this approach?”). These are important issues that we will address in this chapter, starting with common ethical dilemmas, then discussing how to maintain a family-oriented approach when seeing individual patients, and finally presenting specific practical recommendations for establishing a family orientation in primary care.
mCerebrum: A Mobile Sensing Software Platform for Development and Validation of Digital Biomarkers and Interventions

The development and validation studies of new multisensory biomarkers and sensor-triggered interventions requires collecting raw sensor data with associated labels in the natural field environment. Unlike platforms for traditional mHealth apps, a software platform for such studies needs to not only support high-rate data ingestion, but also share raw high-rate sensor data with researchers, while supporting high-rate sense-analyze-act functionality in real-time. We present mCerebrum, a realization of such a platform, which supports high-rate data collections from multiple sensors with realtime assessment of data quality. A scalable storage architecture (with near optimal performance) ensures quick response despite rapidly growing data volume. Micro-batching and efficient sharing of data among multiple source and sink apps allows reuse of computations to enable real-time computation of multiple biomarkers without saturating the CPU or memory. Finally, it has a reconfigurable scheduler which manages all prompts to participants that is burden- and context-aware. With a modular design currently spanning 23+ apps, mCerebrum provides a comprehensive ecosystem of system services and utility apps. The design of mCerebrum has evolved during its concurrent use in scientific field studies at ten sites spanning 106,806 person days. Evaluations show that compared with other platforms, mCerebrum's architecture and design choices support 1.5 times higher data rates and 4.3 times higher storage throughput, while causing 8.4 times lower CPU usage.
Analyzing Policy Issues of High Uncertainty and Complexity

One of the more famous typologies in organization theory comes from the work of Thompson and Tuden (Thompson 1967): Simply put, when there is agreement over means and ends, computation is often the preferred decisionmaking strategy. When there is agreement over the means but not the ends, bargaining is preferred. When goals are agreed upon but not the means to achieve them, then majority judgment becomes the way the parties frequently proceed to decision. And when no agreement over means and ends exist, then the parties have only inspiration to get themselves out of the mess in which they find themselves.
Analysis of Energy Options Impact on Regional Security: The Case of Eastern Europe

This paper examines energy security in three East European countries - Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine. It is based on the report of the Environment and Security Initiative and incorporates analysis of recent energy security events in the region. The paper highlights the importance of recognizing the region’s geopolitical positioning between the European Union and the Russian Federation, improving energy security without jeopardizing the environment, addressing long-standing frozen conflicts, and strengthening cooperation.
Experimental Tests of the Landauer Principle in Electron Circuits, and Quasi-Adiabatic Computing Systems

Power dissipation is one of the most important factors limiting the development of integrated circuits. In this chapter, we will explore the limits of energy dissipation in computation with experiments and circuit designs. Our experiments show that there is no fundamental limit on energy that must be dissipated to perform computation as long as information is preserved, in agreement with the Landauer principle. The erasure of information leads to a loss of bit energy with an ultimate lower limit of kBT ln2, sometimes incorrectly referred to as the “Landauer limit for energy dissipation in computation.” We present an experiment where a dissipation of 0.005 kBT which is far below the limit of kBT ln2 occurs in reversible adiabatic bit manipulation, and experimentally demonstrate that dissipation of the full bit energy occurs if information is erased. To exploit the advantages of quasi-adiabatic reversible computation, we discuss adiabatic logic systems, and present the design of a microprocessor based upon adiabatic logic. Due to their inherent leakage current, field-effect transistors have limitations in adiabatic implementations. We discuss possible devices that have a better match to adiabatic systems. Finally, we present experiments making direct measurement of the heat generated in logical operations.
Oases: An Online Scalable Spam Detection System for Social Networks

Web-based social networks enable new community-based opportunities for participants to engage, share their thoughts, and interact with each other. Theses related activities such as searching and advertising are threatened by spammers, content polluters, and malware disseminators. We propose a scalable spam detection system, termed Oases, for uncovering social spam in social networks using an online and scalable approach. The novelty of our design lies in two key components: (1) a decentralized DHT-based tree overlay deployment for harvesting and uncovering deceptive spam from social communities; and (2) a progressive aggregation tree for aggregating the properties of these spam posts for creating new spam classifiers to actively filter out new spam. We design and implement the prototype of Oases and discuss the design considerations of the proposed approach. Our large-scale experiments using real-world Twitter data demonstrate scalability, attractive load-balancing, and graceful efficiency in online spam detection for social networks.
The World Honors AO Foundation and Founders

When the AO was founded by 13 surgeons, the only notice the surgical world took of their ideas was to fight them and, sometimes, to discredit them. As the AO technique of Osteosynthesis began to take hold, the accomplishments and the ideas behind the organization led to the professional promotions of the core founders. This recognition was later also conferred to their early adherents and ‘recruits,’ and, to a lesser extent, the entrepreneurs who were the AO’s industrial partners. In the space of a short chapter, it is not possible to render a complete account of all the honors eventually heaped upon AO and its members, but a few are mentioned as representative.
Therapeutic advances for blocking heterotopic ossification in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disease in which heterotopic bone forms in muscle and soft tissue, leading to joint dysfunction and significant disability. FOP is progressive and many patients are wheelchair-bound by the 3rd decade of life. FOP is caused by an activating mutation in the ACVR1 gene, which encodes the activin A Type 1 receptor. Aberrant signalling through this receptor leads to abnormal activation of the pSMAD 1/5/8 pathway and triggers the formation of bone outside of the skeleton. There is no curative therapy for FOP; however, exciting advances in novel therapies have developed recently. Here, we review the clinical and translational pharmacology of three drugs that are currently in clinical trials (palovarotene, REGN 2477 and rapamycin) as well as other emerging treatment strategies for FOP.
Non-Arctic State Observers of the Arctic Council: Perspectives and Views

The 1996 Ottawa Declaration establishing the Arctic Council allowed for three categories of Observers within the body: non-Arctic states; intergovernmental and inter-parliamentary organizations and non-governmental organizations that the Arctic Council deemed might contribute to its work. At the first opportunity during the Iqaluit Ministerial in 1998, four non-Arctic state Observers, three intergovernmental and inter-parliamentary organizations, and four non-governmental organizations were admitted as Observers. There are now a total of thirty-nine accredited Observers within the Arctic Council. What has brought about this major increase? Who are these Observers and what roles do they play within the organization? What are their perspectives on the operation of the body and the challenges of leadership within it? Have their roles and perspectives changed over the last four Chairmanships? What have been the nature of their interactions with the Chair? This chapter will endeavor to address each of these questions.
Charge order and antiferromagnetism in the extended Hubbard model

We study the extended Hubbard model on a two-dimensional half-filled square lattice using the dynamical cluster approximation. We present results on the phase boundaries between the paramagnetic metallic (normal) state and the insulating antiferromagnetic state, as well as between the antiferromagnetic and charge-order states. We find hysteresis along the antiferromagnet/charge order and normal/charge-order phase boundaries (at larger values of the on-site interaction), indicating first-order phase transitions. We show that nearest-neighbor interactions lower the critical temperature for the antiferromagnetic phase. We also present results for the effect of nearest-neighbor interactions on the antiferromagnetic phase boundary and for the evolution of spectral functions and energetics across the phase transitions.
Clinical scribes and their association with patient experience in the otolaryngology clinic.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Electronic health records have brought many advantages but also placed a documentation burden on the provider during and after the clinic visit. Some otolaryngologists have countered this challenge by employing clinical scribes. This project aimed to better understand the influence of scribes on patient experience in the otolaryngology clinic. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort survey study. METHODS Patients presenting to the otolaryngology clinic for new and follow-up appointments were recruited to complete surveys about their experience. RESULTS A total of 153 patients completed the survey, and 96 of those patients (62.7%) interacted with a scribe. Patient satisfaction was not significantly associated with participation of the scribe (P = .668). Similarly, patient rating of their physician on a scale of 1 to 10 was not associated with scribe involvement (P = .851). The patients who did interact with a scribe responded that the scribe positively impacted the visit 77.1% of the time. Participation of a resident, primary language other than English, and use of interpreter were associated with lower satisfaction (P = .004, P < .001, and P < .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS There are no published data on the effect of scribes on patient experience in the otolaryngology clinic. In other specialties, scribes have been demonstrated as having a positive effect on provider satisfaction, clinical productivity, and patient perception. These data demonstrate that patient satisfaction was neither impaired nor improved by the presence of the scribe in this clinic. In light of benefits demonstrated by prior studies, these findings support the conclusion that scribes are a useful adjunct in providing high-level otolaryngology care. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 130:E134-E139, 2020.
Conditioning of Florida phosphate rock using a gravity-flow mixer

A conventional paddle-type mixer and a gravity-flow mixing device were evaluated for conditioning of fine phosphate feed (−35+150 mesh) with fatty acid and fuel oil, and for acid scrubbing prior to cationic flotation. Gravity-flow mixing required less residence time but slightly higher reagent concentrations to achieve recovery levels similar to conventional conditioning. Grade was less sensitive to reagent concentration using the gravity-flow mixer. For acid scrubbing, the gravity-flow mixer proved equally effective. In this paper, the effect of time, pulp density, reagent concentration, and emulsification on conditioning and acid scrubbing efficiency of the two devices is discussed.
Perceived Threat to Paternity Reduces Likelihood of Paternal Provisioning in House Wrens

Biparental care is a critical and, occasionally, unequally shared obligation that ensures that young survive to maturity. Such care may be complicated in systems in which one parent, typically the male, is unsure of his genetic relatedness to the young. Males may reduce paternal provisioning when full paternity is not assured, as occurs in mating systems in which females engage in extrapair copulations. Moreover, other factors independent of extrapair matings, such as male personality traits, likely also affect the level of paternal care. In this study, we determined the effect of a paternity threat event (i.e., a conspecific or a heterospecific territory intrusion) and male personality (i.e., the level of aggressiveness) on provisioning effort by male house wrens (Troglodytes aedon). Males were more likely to attack a conspecific intruder than a heterospecific intruder. Males that were exposed to a conspecific intruder were less likely to provision young at all. Of those males that did feed the young in their nest, male aggressiveness did not relate to feeding effort. These findings suggest that the likelihood of paternal care is reduced by perceived threats to paternity but that the costs of not feeding potentially multisired young are high and feeding efforts are unrelated to male personality.
Abdominal CT manifestations of adverse events to immunotherapy: a primer for radiologists

Immunotherapy is a rapidly growing field within oncology and is being increasingly used in the management of several malignancies. Due to their unique mechanism of action on the immune system and neoplastic cells, the response pattern and adverse events of this novel therapy are distinct from conventional systemic therapies. Accordingly, the imaging appearances following immunotherapy including adverse events are unique and at times perplexing. Imaging is integral to management of patients on immunotherapeutic agents and a thorough understanding of its mechanism, response patterns and adverse events is crucial for precise interpretation of imaging studies. This review provides a description of the mechanism of action of current immunotherapeutic agents and the organ-wise description of their side effects.
bar partial -Torsion, foliations and holomorphic vector fields

In this paper, we investigate the relation between J-torsion and holomorphic vector fields. We consider complex manifolds which fibrate over the torus having a transverse one dimensional holomorphic foliation. The torsion of the total space is then computed in terms of compact leaves. This can be interpreted as a Lefschetz formula for flows of holomorphic vector fields.
Indigenous Alaskan and mainstream identification explain the link between perceived discrimination and acculturative stress.

Drawing from the rejection-identification model, acculturation, and acceptance threat literatures, we examined how Indigenous and mainstream identification influence the effect of discrimination on...
High switching contrast photoconductive terahertz detectors based on plasmonic nanocavities

We present a photoconductive terahertz detector, which offers high-sensitivity and broadband detection performance for terahertz time-domain spectroscopy at record-low optical pump power levels. The detector employs a plasmonic nanocavity designed to confine the optical pump photons in a thin photoconductive region. By providing an efficient optical absorption in this thin layer, the carrier transport time to the device contact electrodes is maintained in a sub-picosecond range for the majority of the photo-generated carriers. Therefore, ultrafast operation and high quantum efficiency is achieved simultaneously, which significantly increases the detector responsivity and dynamic range even at very low optical pump power levels. We experimentally demonstrate a 110 dB dynamic range over a 0.1-7 THz frequency range at only a 0.1 mW optical pump power level.
No More Letter Grades

I suggest we switch to a continuous numerical scale since everyone (students, professors, and potential employers) interprets percentages the same way (0%-100%) and since benefits appear to outweigh costs.
Time to Rethink Conservation Strategy

Win-Win Ecology How the Earth9s Species Can Survive in the Midst of Human Enterprise. Michael L. Rosenzweig. Oxford University Press, New York, 2003. 221 pp. $27, £19.99. ISBN 0-19-515604-8. In this popular account full of examples, Rosenzweig develops the case for a "reconciliation" ecology of deliberately sharing our habitats with other species.
Associative Retrieval Processes in Episodic Memory

Association and context constitute two of the central ideas in the history of episodic memory research. Following a brief discussion of the history of these ideas, we review data that demonstrate the complementary roles of temporal contiguity and semantic relatedness in determining the order in which subjects recall lists of items and the timing of their successive recalls. These analyses reveal that temporal contiguity effects normally studied on short timescales persist over very long timescales, a result that challenges traditional psychological and neuroscientific models of association. The form of the temporal contiguity effect is conserved across all of the major recall tasks and even appears in item recognition when subjects respond with high confidence. The near-universal form of the contiguity effect and its appearance at diverse timescales is shown to place tight constraints on the major theories of association.
Rapid ambulatory pathway laser prostatectomy is safe: results within the global period

UNLABELLED: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Laser prostatectomy is a commonly performed procedure for BOO, and has been shown to have short- and medium-term results equivalent to the gold standard procedure (i.e. TURP) in various studies. It also has an advantage over TURP in that it can be performed on patients who are taking anticoagulant medication. However, patients in most studies are admitted to the hospital overnight on continuous bladder irrigation and are discharged home the next day. The present study shows that it is safe and feasible to perform laser prostatectomy in an ambulatory fashion with discharge of patients within hours of their surgery. The discharge pathway is associated with minimal morbidity or the need for admission after surgery, and the reported short-term results are in accordance with the available literature on laser prostatectomy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and safety of a rapid ambulatory discharge pathway after holmium laser ablation of the prostate (HoLAP) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study group comprised a cohort of 65 consecutive patients undergoing HoLAP scheduled as a day surgical case by a single surgeon between January 2007 and December 2009. Patients were discharged from day surgery with a catheter in place, and returned for a voiding trial on postoperative day 3. Preoperative, intra-operative and postoperative parameters were reviewed with follow-up data for the 90-day global postoperative period. Statistical analysis employed Student's t-test with P < 0.05 (two-tailed) being considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean (range) patient age was 64 (41-87) years; mean (range) American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 2.2 (1-4); mean (sd) operation duration was 44 (17) min; and mean (sd) time after surgery until discharge was 149 (51) min. Postoperative complications included catheter occlusion (1.5%) and admission for haematuria (1.5%). There were no re-admissions after discharge from the hospital. Within the 90-day global period, 13 patients described lower urinary tract symptoms (20%), five patients had postoperative urinary retention (7.7%) and one patient had a urinary tract infection (1.5%). After surgery, mean American Urological Association Symptom Score decreased from 21.3 to 7.6 (P < 0.001); mean quality of life score decreased from 4.04 to 1.38 (P < 0.001); and mean post-void residual decreased from 190.2 to 46.4 mL (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In appropriately selected patients, HoLAP can be safely performed as an ambulatory case with a rapid discharge pathway and minimal morbidity during the 90-day global period.
Methionyl residue critical for activity and regulation of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase.

Abstract Glutamate dehydrogenase is inactivated by incubation with 4-iodoacetamidosalicylic acid at 37° and pH 6.0. The reaction obeys pseudo-first order kinetics, with a rate constant which is linearly proportional to the 4-iodoacetamidosalicylic acid concentration. A 4- to 5-fold decrease in the rate of inactivation is provided by the substrates α-ketoglutarate and glutamate when added to the incubation mixture with ADP and DPN, but no appreciable decrease in the inactivation rate is produced by the coenzymes themselves, either alone or when combined with ADP or GTP. These results suggest that 4-iodoacetamidosalicylic acid reacts in the region of the active site. 4-Iodoacetamidosalicylic acid produces a change in the response of the enzyme to the allosteric inhibitor GTP, as exemplified by an increase in the kinetic dissociation constant of the enzyme-coenzyme-GTP complex. Although the reagent causes inactivation of the enzyme in the absence of GTP, it does not influence the small residual activity (4 to 8%) seen when a saturating concentration of GTP is present. Only methionyl and cysteinyl residues of glutamate dehydrogenase are altered by 4-iodoacetamidosalicylic acid at periods up to 10 times the half-life for inactivation; lysyl and histidyl residues are not alkylated during this time. As determined by the release of iodide ion from 4-iodoacetamidosalicylic acid, approximately 4 amino acids per peptide chain are modified when the enzyme loses 90% of its activity: about 2 cysteinyl and 2 methionyl residues are alkylated. Several lines of evidence suggest that covalent modification of cysteine is not the primary cause of inactivation. The rate of alkylation of sulfhydryl groups (K-sh = 0.0015 min-1) is only one-sixth that of inactivation (Ki = 0.0102 min-1) for the enzyme in the absence of ligands. These two rate constants can be varied independently by the addition of substrates and allosteric modifiers. In contrast, a good correlation is observed between the degree of inactivation of the enzyme and the extent of modification of approximately 1 methionyl residue per peptide chain. Furthermore, treatment of 75% inactivated enzyme with dithiothreitol produces a 3-fold increase in the enzymatic activity, accompanied by the regeneration of methionine but no appreciable alteration of the number of modified cysteine residues. It is concluded that the integrity of a methionine residue is critical for the function of glutamate dehydrogenase.
On the Composition of Real-Time Schedulers

A complex real-time embedded system may consist of multiple application components each of which has its own timeliness requirements and is scheduled by component-specific schedulers. At run-time, the schedules of the components are integrated to produce a system-level schedule of jobs to be executed. We formalize the notions of schedule composition, task group composition and component composition. Two algorithms for performing composition are proposed. The first one is an extended Earliest Deadline First algorithm which can be used as a composability test for schedules. The second algorithm, the Harmonic Component Composition algorithm (HCC) provides an online admission test for components. HCC applies a rate monotonic classification of workloads and is a hard real-time solution because responsive supply of a shared resource is guaranteed for in-budget workloads. HCC is also efficient in terms of composability and requires low computation cost for both admission control and dispatch of resources.
Family-involved alcoholism treatment. An update.

We reviewed 36 randomized studies of family-involved treatment and comparison conditions. A meta-analysis showed a medium effect size favoring family-involved treatments, over individual treatment or wait-list, for outcomes of alcohol use, treatment entry/attendance, and family adjustment. Studies of family-involved treatment when the alcoholic is unwilling to seek help show: (1) Al-Anon facilitation and referral help family members cope better; (2) the popular Johnson intervention apparently does not effectively promote treatment entry; and (3) Community Reinforcement and Family Training promotes treatment entry and should be disseminated if replicated. Studies of family-involved treatment to aid recovery when the alcoholic has sought help show: (1) evidence supporting behavioral couples therapy (BCT) has grown considerably; (2) the disulfiram contract procedure should be disseminated as part of a BCT treatment package; and (3) studies of family systems and of family disease approaches are beginning to ap pear in the literature. Future studies need to include more women and minority patients and focus on children.
Vitamins C, E and A and Heme Oxygenase in Rats Fed Methyl/Folate-Deficient Diets

Abstract There is evidence that the development of hepatocarcinoma in rats fed a methyl-deficient diet is associated with oxidative stress. We investigated, therefore, whether the tissue concentrations of the antioxidant vitamins ascorbic acid (AA) and α- and γ-tocopherol (T) are altered in methyl/folate deficiency. We also measured retinol concentrations in tissues and hepatic mRNA expression of heme oxygenase (HO1). A 6% gelatin, 6% casein diet, devoid of choline and folate (CFD) was selected based on the high rate of tumor development in rats fed this diet. Spectrophotometric measurement of AA and HPLC determination of tissue T and retinol showed decreased concentrations of AA in blood; α- and γ-T in lung, heart and plasma, α-T and retinol in liver; retinol in lung; and increased expression of hepatic HO1 mRNA. Similar alterations in tissue vitamin concentrations were found when the CFD diet devoid of niacin (CFND) was fed. Reducing α-T in the CFND diet (CFNED) further decreased hepatic α-T concentrations. These results show that chronic methyl/folate deficiency is associated with a compromised antioxidant defense system.
Neurobiology Essentials for Clinicians: What Every Therapist Needs to Know

This book presents an overview of the latest theories of affect regulation and focuses on how these theories work in clinical settings and how therapists can be taught to implement them. The notion of teaching and learning will be extended by the theories themselves-the author presents methods of education that enact the theories being taught. The book is divided into eight chapters, each one highlighting a particular structure or related structures of the brain. Suggestions for learning how to clinically apply the neurobiological/neuroanatomical information are offered. What is so unique about this book is that the bulk of the chapters are clinical dialogue, accompanied by neurobiological commentary. Thus, readers can see for themselves, during the course of parts of sessions, just how a "neurobiological outlook" can inform therapeutic understandings of what clients are doing and saying. The result is a very user-friendly learning experience for readers, as they are taken along a journey of understanding various brain systems and how they relate to psychotherapeutic principles. Elegantly bridging the gap between the academic and clinical domains, this book is essential for anyone interested in the application of neurobiological principles to psychotherapy and wishes to learn about neurobiology without feeling overwhelmed or intimidated.
Influence of feeding conditions on slowing of gastric emptying by edible gums

Abstract The feeding of 4% guar or xanthan gum versus 4% cellulose in a final test meal was expected to slow the gastric emptying of accompanying nutrients, and the degree of this slowing was examined in rats trained to three feeding regimens. Gastric emptying of nutrient energy was calculated from the measured disappearance of fat and of either carbohydrate or total diet residue from the stomach. In experiment 1, rats were ad libitum fed a diet containing 4% cellulose for 6 1/2 days and, after 12 to 14 hours without food, were given a test meal containing either 4% guar or 4% cellulose. In experiment 2, a growth-restricting amount of 6% and 2% guar diets was fed as a single meal on each of 7 days, and the same diets were used for the final test meals. In experiment 3, rats ate 2-hour meals containing 4% and 0% guar gum, or 4% and 0% xanthan gum, on alternate days, and again the same diets were used for the test meal. The feeding of both xanthan and guar gums in a dry form did slow gastric emptying of nutrient energy, although the feeding of 6% versus 2% guar gum was without demonstrable effect (experiment 2). The slowing effect varied with past feeding conditions, being greater in experiment 1 than in experiment 3.
Does the expectation of finding deficiencies impact internal audit work

Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to examine whether the source of an expectation of finding deficiencies – the audit committee, the chief executive officer, or the internal auditor's own assessment – affects the time budgeted by internal auditors for that audit area.Design/methodology/approach – The approach used is a behavioral experiment where audit planning decisions are made by internal auditors for three hypothetical scenarios.Findings – The paper finds that the source of the expectation makes a difference in some cases. In particular, internal auditors allocate more time when the expectation of deficiencies results from a self‐assessment than when it comes via communication from an audit committee member. The paper also finds that internal auditors do not generally increase audit time budgets if initial audit procedures find no reportable deficiencies when deficiencies are expected to be found.Research limitations/implications – Internal auditors typically obtain more information about an...
The clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci-positive blood cultures

Study objectives: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), the most frequent organisms isolated from blood cultures, are an important cause of bloodstream infections and the most common contaminant of emergency department (ED) blood cultures. Although blood culture contamination leads to additional laboratory tests, unnecessary antibiotic use, and longer hospitalizations, failure to recognize and treat a true bacteremia can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. We determine the incidence of clinically significant CNS-positive blood cultures and determine the optimal algorithm for categorizing CNS-positive cultures as either contaminant or clinically significant. Methods: A single experienced reviewer examined the medical records of 960 consecutive patients with positive blood culture results. According to multiple clinical parameters at the index positive blood culture result, the organism identification, results of other cultures, pathology findings, imaging results, and clinical course, each positive culture result was classified as being clinically significant or not. All indeterminate cases were reviewed with a physician specializing in infectious diseases before classification (κ coefficient of 0.947). Results: Of the 960 positive culture results, the organism eventually identified was CNS in 405. According to our medical record review, 89 (22%) were considered to be significant, whereas 316 were contaminant episodes. The algorithm with the optimum sensitivity and specificity was defined as at least 2 blood cultures positive for CNS or 1 blood culture positive plus clinical evidence of infection. In the 108 patients with community-acquired CNS-positive culture results, the optimum algorithm had a positive predictive value of 76% and a negative predictive value of 90%. Conclusion: A substantial portion of CNS-positive blood cultures are clinically significant. Obtaining multiple cultures during the initial ED evaluation will assist in determining the significance of a CNS-positive result.
Administrative control of prison therapists: use of a variable-interval punishment schedule.

Therapists working in a prison were subjected to what amounced to variable-interval punishment from the prison administrator. This technique allowed the administrator to show control and keep the therapists afraid of him. The experience is discussed in reference to the more positive 1992 findings of Myers, Boughner, and Wallbrown regarding prison administrators and staff; reasons for the differences are proposed
Information, similarity and vocalization in free learning of numbers

Thirty-two Ss were given a free learning task involving either high-similarity-low-information quinary numbers or low-similarity-high-information decimal numbers. Reading of the items was either silent or vocalized. The design was a 2 by 2 factorial. Quinary numbers were more difficult to learn. Vocalization resulted in slower learning. There was no interaction. Decimal code was interpreted as superior to the quinary code.
Determination of zinc in copper by atomic-fluorescence flame spectroscopy.

Abstract The application of atomic-fluorescence flame spectroscopy to the determination of trace quantities of zinc in copper is described. A limit of detection of 10−5% zinc in copper has been established. The scatter of primary radiation from within the flame determined the limit of detection, but it is suggested that scatter is not a serious limitation to the practical application of the technique.
Cranioskeletal displacements caused by rapid palatal expansion in the rhesus monkey.

w right1 was the first to suggest that all consequences of maxillary expansion should be studied before its LISC is undertaken. He stated: “Arbitrary application of mechanical forces to teeth must be made with references to bony changes which must ultimately occur in the structures beyond the teeth.” It was on this basis that the present project was first conceived. It was hoped that, 1)~ duplicating the expansion procedures in rhesus monkeys exactly as they arc carried out in human patients, bony changes and displacements which may occur as a result of rapid palatal expansion could be ascertained. All the animals were studied under both natural and ultraviolet light to determine bony displacements or remodeling as indicated by the absorption or nonabsorption of a tetracycline dye previously injected into the animals.
Discrete element textures

A variety of phenomena can be characterized by repetitive small scale elements within a large scale domain. Examples include a stack of fresh produce, a plate of spaghetti, or a mosaic pattern. Although certain results can be produced via manual placement or procedural/physical simulation, these methods can be labor intensive, difficult to control, or limited to specific phenomena.We present discrete element textures, a data-driven method for synthesizing repetitive elements according to a small input exemplar and a large output domain. Our method preserves both individual element properties and their aggregate distributions. It is also general and applicable to a variety of phenomena, including different dimensionalities, different element properties and distributions, and different effects including both artistic and physically realistic ones. We represent each element by one or multiple samples whose positions encode relevant element attributes including position, size, shape, and orientation. We propose a sample-based neighborhood similarity metric and an energy optimization solver to synthesize desired outputs that observe not only input exemplars and output domains but also optional constraints such as physics, orientation fields, and boundary conditions. As a further benefit, our method can also be applied for editing existing element distributions.
The safety of pumpkin carving tools.

Background. Even with optimal treatment, injuries from pumpkin carving accidents may leave people with compromised hand function. Pumpkin carving tools may reduce the incidence and/or magnitude of these injuries. However, evidence that they are safer is required before these knives can be recommended. Methods. Two pumpkin carving knives were compared to a serrated and a plain kitchen knife. The forces required to cut and pierce a pumpkin were determined and then applied by a servo-hydraulic machine to each knife placed against cadaver hands in a manner designed to either lacerate Zone 2 of the finger (six tests for each knife) or to puncture the hand. Inspection and dissection determined the extent of injury. Results. The pumpkin knives produced some injuries, however, they were fewer and less severe than those caused by the kitchen knives. Conclusions. Tools designed specifically for pumpkin carving may indeed be safer. Use of these products, and increased overall awareness of the risks of pumpkin carving in general, which clinicians could help promote, might reduce the frequency and severity of pumpkin carving injuries.
Manchu widows and ethnicity in Qing China.

Like women in many parts of the world whose husbands predeceased them, widows in China were free electrons, unbound elements in the social chemistry. Economically vulnerable, ritually superfluous, and at the same time socially destabilizing and sexually threatening, they were archetypal liminal figures—marginalized, caricatured, and feared. This has made the widow a good subject for literary critics, anthropologists, and historians interested in the way that societies treat women and in the way that treatment of widows in particular is intended to ward off or contain potential disturbance to the status quo. For China, as pioneering work by Mark Elvin and Susan Mann has shown, examining changing attitudes toward widows can illuminate larger social, political, and economic shifts in the late imperial period, roughly the thirteenth through the early twentieth centuries. Mark Elvin, “Female Virtue and the State,” Past and Present 104, 111–52; and Susan Mann, “Widows in the Kinship, Class, and Community Structures of Qing Dynasty China,” Journal of Asian Studies, 46:1 (February 1987), 37–56. Among newer work, see the excellent discussion in Bettine Birge, “Levirate Marriage and the Revival of Widow Chastity in Yuan China,” Asia Major, 8:2 (Fall 1995), 107–46. By focusing on Manchu widows, the present essay attempts to improve our understanding of widowhood in late imperial China and at the same time shed light on the role of widows, and women generally, in the construction of ethnicity in the Qing period (1644–1911), when the alien Manchu dynasty ruled the country.
High-pressure synthesis of MgAlSiON oxynitride glasses

Abstract Oxynitride glasses in the MgAlSiON system were synthesized at elevated temperatures under high argon over-pressures. The over-pressures effectively maintained the glasses at the desired compositions, allowing complete retention of the nitrogen. Glass properties, e.g. density, hardness, elastic moduli, and fracture toughness, exhibited a linear dependence on nitrogen content.
Compressive Creep of Beryllium Oxide‐Uranium Dioxide Mixtures

Beryllium oxide-uranium dioxide mixtures were deformed in compression in the region 1375° to 1540°C. The average apparent activation energy for creep of the oxide mixtures containing up to 10 wt% uranium dioxide is 95.1 kcal/mole. The activation energy is not sensitive to the applied stress and does not vary with urania additions. Creep rate is linearly dependent on the applied stress to 6000 psi. At constant stress and temperature, creep rate dependence on grain size for BeO-10 wt% UO2 specimens can be described by the relation ɛ∼ 1/22. The creep rate dependence on the applied stress and grain size is consistent with the Nabarro-Herring mechanism. Creep behavior of the oxide mixtures is ascribed to the deformation of the beryllium oxide matrix.