cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Women, nursing, and baccalaureate education in 20th century America.

Purpose:To analyze the social meaning of the American system of education for nursing practice. Methods:Historiographical analysis to compare and contrast the relative educational level of different self-reported groups of American women with that of nurses in the later decades of the 20th century. Findings:Early 20th century social support for efforts to improve the overall educational level of some nurses planning careers in education, administration, or public health nursing lent credence to the belief in nursing as a vehicle for upward social mobility. This promise of mobility was particularly apparent in the educational backgrounds of African American, Hispanic, and Asian American nurses. However, the late 20th century decreased average educational level of U.S. nurses relative to that of all U.S. women jeopardizes the clinical and social roles of the profession. Conclusions:The language of class and community status is needed in addition to that of science, knowledge development, and clinical excellence to increase social and political support for educational initiatives.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF CHROMOMERE 3D4 IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER . II. REGULATORY SITES FOR THE DUNCE GENE

Chromomere 3D4 of the X chromosome of D. melanogaster contains two genes, dunce (dnc) and sperm amotile (sam ). Mutations in dnc cause defects in memory formation and female fertility and reduce or eliminate the activity of a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase designated form II. A fine structure map of this region has been constructed showing the locations of two sam mutations, five dnc mutations and a newly identified locus designated control of fertility (cf) that acts in cis to regulate the female sterility phenotype of dnc. The two sam mutations are separated by 0.02 ± 0.01 cM, the rightmost being located 0.08 ± 0.02 cM to the left of the null mutation dncm11. A cluster of null and form II-defective dnc mutations is located 0.04 ± 0.01 cM to the right of dncm11. The cf locus is 0.06 ± 0.02 cM to the right of this cluster. The location of the dnc and cf sites identify a region of approximately 0.10 cM that is required for proper expression of dnc+. The dncck mutation, associated with a reciprocal translocation between 3L and the X, exhibits reduced form II activity and female sterility. This translocation breakpoint has been mapped to the left of the dnc+ gene and is near the breakpoint of Df(1)N64j15 which also reduces expression of dnc+. The effect of these independent chromosomal breaks on the dnc+ gene suggests the existence of a site to the left of dnc+ that is also required for proper expression of the gene.
Theoretical and practical challenges to an IPM approach to weed management

Abstract Modern weed control tactics have played a major role in the productivity of cropping systems. Herbicides have been an effective component of weed control for major crops, greatly reducing yield losses and facilitating reduced tillage systems. Although these benefits are important, weed problems, soil erosion, and environmental concerns persist. Herbicides will continue to play a key role in most production systems, but weed species will continue to evolve and weed communities shift in response to selection pressures. Weed science must develop and incorporate additional practices to create integrated management systems that diversify selection pressures and reduce environmental degradation. Integrated pest management (IPM) may provide a useful framework for the development of integrated weed management systems. The basic principles of IPM are well established and have been successfully applied to many agricultural pests. However, the application of IPM to weed management has lagged behind other pe...
Elimination of truncated recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli by removing cryptic translation initiation site.

Undesirable truncated recombinant protein products pose a special expression and purification challenge because such products often share similar chromatographic properties as the desired full length protein. We describe here our observation of both full length and a truncated form of a yeast protein (Gcn5) expressed in Escherichia coli, and the reduction or elimination of the truncated form by mutating a cryptic Shine-Dalgarno or START codon within the Gcn5 coding region. Unsuccessful attempts to engineer in a cryptic translation initiation site into other recombinant proteins suggest that cryptic Shine-Dalgarno or START codon sequences are necessary but not sufficient for cryptic translation in E. coli.
Designing Law School Externships That Comply with the FLSA

Recent debates over the best way to educate lawyers have led to an increasing focus on providing “experiential” education in law schools – and with it, a noted growth in law school externship programs. Externships provide a valuable way of giving law students real-life legal practice experience by allowing them to earn academic credit for training in a variety of actual legal settings, from prosecutors’ offices to corporate counsel departments. Because current ABA Standards for the Accreditation of Law Schools do not permit students to be paid for activities for which they earn academic credit, law school externships are unpaid, raising questions under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), which bars covered employers from offering unpaid positions unless those positions qualify for one of the specific exceptions recognized by the Department of Labor. This Article demonstrates that the interests of the law schools and the Department of Labor are aligned in this area, both seeking to ensure that unpaid externships genuinely provide meaningful education and training for the law student externs who participate. The Article derives a set of “best practices” for designing FLSA-compliant law school externship programs, highlights some pitfalls that may arise, and suggests specific steps to be taken both by law school externship program directors and host organizations who may participate in legal externship programs.
A Modeling Framework for Multiregional Analysis of the U.S. Economy

This paper describes the first edition of the multiregional analysis project (MRAP) framework. MRAP is a multiregional computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling framework of the U.S. economy. The motivation underlying MRAP is that there are significant regional dimensions to most national policy initiatives and that region-specific policies are likely to have impacts in other U.S. regions.
The superconducting transition temperature and its high-pressure behavior of tetragonal Nb3Sn

The superconducting transition temperatureTC of the tetragonal phase of a Nb3Sn single crystal was determined calorimetrically to be 17.78±0.02 K. It is suppressed by the application of hydrostatic pressure at a rate of −(1.40±0.05)×10−5 K bar−1. The previous observations of double superconducting transitions in Nb3Sn and other A15 compounds are discussed.
Diffusion of Interacting Particles

The objective of the final three Lectures of this text is to show the practice of statistical mechanics at the research level by treating a fundamentally nontrivial problem. We return to Brownian motion and consider diffusion of interacting Brownian particles. We focus on the study of diffusion using quasi-elastic light scattering spectroscopy and related techniques.
Picking the PADlock: Chemical Probes to Study the Protein Arginine Deiminases

The Protein Arginine Deiminases (PADs) are a small family of human enzymes that catalyze the post-translational hydrolysis of arginine residues to generate citrulline. These enzymes are important r...
Evaluation of the Harvard Study

THE HARVARD study of the Economics of Advertising is an important milestone in the development of our knowledge of this subject. No one who has read the manuscript, which will make a book of a thousand pages or more, can fail to be impressed with the enormous amount of scholarly labor it represents, or with the scientific spirit in which the evidence has been analyzed and interpreted. It should put an end to the loose generalizations and exaggerated claims that have been made for advertising or against advertising. It should mark the beginning of a more factual approach toward an understanding of the place of advertising in our economy. Many persons will find the book disappointing. Its formidable array of statistics does not make for easy reading, and the author has resisted the temptation to brighten it up by personal anecdotes or by the journalistic tricks that characterize the best-sellers. A genuinely scientific treatise cannot afford the sensationalism of the guinea-pig exposes. What is more important, the conclusions are cautious to the point of reticence. They decline to go one inch farther than the evidence justifies. And often the conclusion is that the evidence is incomplete and too conflicting to permit a safe generalization. It is perhaps presumptuous for this reviewer, with his much less thorough examination of the material, to suggest that in some divisions of the subject the evidence does warrant more positive conclusions than have been drawn; also, that in some other divisions insufficient weight has been given to certain contributory factors that enter into business policies. If in my discussion I devote most of my time to
Hyaluronidase Embedded in Nanocarrier PEG Shell for Enhanced Tumor Penetration and Highly Efficient Antitumor Efficacy.

One of the major challenges in applying nanomedicines to cancer therapy is their low interstitial diffusion in solid tumors. Although the modification of nanocarrier surfaces with enzymes that degrade extracellular matrix is a promising strategy to improve nanocarrier diffusion in tumors, it remains challenging to apply this strategy in vivo via systemic administration of nanocarriers due to biological barriers, such as reduced blood circulation time of enzyme-modified nanocarriers, loss of enzyme function in vivo, and life-threatening side effects. Here, we report the conjugation of recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 (rHuPH20), which degrades hyaluronic acid, on the surfaces of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG) nanoparticles followed by anchoring a relatively low density layer of PEG, which reduces the exposure of rHuPH20 for circumventing rHuPH20-mediated clearance. Despite the extremely short serum half-life of rHuPH20, our unique design maintains the function of rHuPH20 ...
Impaired innate, humoral, and cellular immunity despite a take in smallpox vaccine recipients

Smallpox vaccine is highly effective, inducing protective immunity to smallpox and diseases caused by related orthopoxviruses. Smallpox vaccine efficacy was historically defined by the appearance of a lesion or "take" at the vaccine site, which leaves behind a characteristic scar. Both the take and scar are readily recognizable and were used during the eradication effort to indicate successful vaccination and to categorize individuals as "protected." However, the development of a typical vaccine take may not equate to the successful development of a robust, protective immune response. In this report, we examined two large (>1000) cohorts of recipients of either Dryvax(®) or ACAM2000 using a testing and replication study design and identified subgroups of individuals who had documented vaccine takes, but who failed to develop robust neutralizing antibody titers. Examination of these individuals revealed that they had suboptimal cellular immune responses as well. Further testing indicated these low responders had a diminished innate antiviral gene expression pattern (IFNA1, CXCL10, CXCL11, OASL) upon in vitro stimulation with vaccinia virus, perhaps indicative of a dysregulated innate response. Our results suggest that poor activation of innate antiviral pathways may result in suboptimal immune responses to the smallpox vaccine. These genes and pathways may serve as suitable targets for adjuvants in new attenuated smallpox vaccines and/or effective antiviral therapy targets against poxvirus infections.
Abstract P5-01-06:18F-radiolabeled PARP-1 inhibitor uptake as a marker of PARP-1 activity in breast cancer

Objectives: The nuclear enzyme PARP-1 plays a central role in sensing DNA damage and facilitating repair. Tumors with BRCA1/2 mutations are highly dependent on PARP-1 as an alternative mechanism for DNA repair, and PARP inhibitors generate synthetic lethality in tumors with BRCA mutations, resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Zhou et al. recently synthesized an 18 F-labeled PARP-1 inhibitor ( 18 F-FluorThanatrace) for PET, and demonstrated high specific tracer uptake in a xenograft model of breast cancer (Zhou, Bioorg Med Chem, 22:1700, 2014). The current study seeks to quantify the relationship between 18 F-FluorThanatrace binding (both in vitro and on PET imaging of human tumor xenografts) and the level of constitutively active PARP-1, using multiple human breast cancer cell lines, including a BRCA1 defective line. Methods: BRCA1 defective HCC1937, triple negative MDA-MB-231, and luminal A MCF-7 human breast cancer lines were assessed for constitutive PARP-1 activity via a chemiluminescent ELISA assay for PAR and by Western blot. The same cell lines were incubated with 18 F-FluorThanatrace over various time increments, and tracer uptake was assayed via a gamma counter. Specificity of tracer binding was verified via co-incubation with competitive inhibitor Olaparib, and specific tracer uptake was calculated as the difference between uptake with and without Olaparib. Specific tracer uptake was compared to levels of constitutive PARP-1 activity in all cell lines. In addition, HCC1937 and MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor models were imaged via 18 F-FluorThanatrace-PET/CT, and PET uptake was correlated with PARP-1 activity. Results: BRCA1-defective HCC1937 had higher constitutive PARP-1 activity than cell lines with intact BRCA1. In vitro levels of 18 F-FluorThanatrace uptake correlated with constitutive PARP-1 activity across cell lines. In addition, 18 F-FluorThanatrace measured by PET in xenograft breast cancer tumor models correlated with constitutive PARP-1 activity. Conclusions: Tumor uptake of 18 F-FluorThanatrace, both in vitro and on PET imaging of xenograft tumor models, quantitatively reflects differences in PARP-1 activity across different breast cancer cell lines, including BRCA1 defective. This motivates further studies of 18 F-FluorThanatrace as an in vivo measure of PARP-1 activity and possibly as a predictive marker for PARP-1 therapy in patients, including those with BRCA1/2 mutations. Citation Format: Edmonds CE, Lieberman BP, Xu K, Zeng C, Makvandi M, Li S, Hou C, Lee H, Greenberg RA, Mankoff DA, Mach RH. 18 F-radiolabeled PARP-1 inhibitor uptake as a marker of PARP-1 activity in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-01-06.
Turning the Pathogenesis of Acute Peptic Esophagitis Inside Out.

In this issue of JAMA, Dunbar and colleagues1 report findings from a unique experiment in which they withdrew proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy from 12 patients with high-grade esophagitis whose esophageal erosions had been successfully treated by that therapy to observe the histopathological events leading to acute (recurrent) peptic esophagitis. Within 2 weeks, 11 of the patients had developed recurrent erosive esophagitis as well as a substantial worsening of reflux symptoms. All of the classic histopathological findings2 and physiological consequences of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were reproduced: basal cell hyperplasia, papillary elongation, and dilated intercellular spaces in the esophageal squamous cell epithelium; increased distal esophageal acid exposure and reduced mucosal impedance on reflux monitoring studies.
The frequency and perceived impact of engaging in in-person and cyber unwanted pursuit after relationship break-up among college men and women.

The present study examined the extent of cyber and in-person unwanted pursuit behaviors (UPBs) reported by undergraduate men and women who pursued former partners and the pursuer’s perceptions of the impact of their pursuit on their targets. Among a sample of 1167 undergraduates (66.8 % women; 95.4 % heterosexual) approximately 80 % of men and women reported engaging in UPBs toward former partners, with cyber pursuit endorsed by a subset of those who engaged in in-person UPBs. Despite few gender differences in overall pursuit, men endorsed engaging in a number of specific behaviors more than did women. Most UPBs did receive responses from targets, and pursuers generally did not perceive their behaviors as annoying, threatening, or frightening. Women perceived that targets had more negative responses to UPBs, particularly to threatening or violent pursuit, and men perceived more positive or neutral responses overall. Minor UPBs were associated with relationship reconciliation among women and men, whereas severe UPBs were associated with reconciliation among men only. Results suggest that pursuers likely underestimate the impact of their behaviors on targets and that pursuers’ efforts, even severe and threatening, are often reinforced, particularly for men who pursue. Universities must be aware of UPBs and provide prevention programs specific to healthy relationship dissolution and pursuit. Provision of corrective information regarding the impact of severe and threatening pursuit may assist in reducing these behaviors.
Predictors of Engagement in Home Activities Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

ABSTRACTAims: This analysis aims to identify what older adults self-report about engagement in home activities (EHA), if there is a difference between perceived and observed activity performance in the home, and what predicts EHA. Methods: Baseline data were analyzed from a randomized controlled trial of an occupational therapy fall prevention intervention with older adults age 65 and older with a fall within 6 months. A multiple linear regression model was used to compare perceived and observed activity performance. Results: Ninety-two participants (mean age 77.7 ± 7.4) were included. EHA can be predicted (F(6, 85) = 13.86, p < 0.001, R = 0.70, R2 = 0.50) by perceived activity performance (p = 0.02), fear of falling (FOF) (p < 0.001), and depression (p = 0.05). Conclusions: Perceived activity performance predicts EHA but observed activity performance does not, indicating clinicians should consider older adults' perceptions. Self-efficacy and awareness may be reasons for differences between perceived and ...
"An Investigation of Harassment and Bullying, Identity Threat, and Turnover Intentions"

Although previous research has established a strong link between experiences of harassment and/or bullying in the workplace and victim turnover intentions, there is still much that is not known abo...
Shaping UV emission through graphene plasmons

We demonstrate that combining Purcell-enhancement engineering, graphene plasmonics, and radiative cascade can result in a new type of UV emitter whose properties can tuned by electrically doping graphene.
Case Studies and Case Series

Despite concerns about scientific rigor and many potential interpretive problems, case reports and case series have played a major role in shaping the field of clinical psychology. The purpose of this chapter is to define the role of the case study in relation to other types of clinical research, to delineate types of case studies, and to review criteria to be used in evaluating the validity of conclusions drawn from case studies.
Spatial and temporal variability in Marquesas Islands volcanism revealed by 3 He/ 4 He and the composition of olivine-hosted melt inclusions

Abstract The Marquesas Islands are a volcanic chain having an oblique orientation to Pacific plate motion. They represent the surface manifestation of a mantle hotspot having a low melt flux and a large intrinsic chemical and isotopic heterogeneity. Here we provide new helium isotope data for olivine separated from 23 basalts and one gabbroic xenolith, plus whole rock major and trace element data for the same lavas. We also carried out trace element analyses of 41 olivine-hosted melt inclusions (OHMIs) from 15 of the basalts, and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations for basalt groundmass from the islands of Fatu Hiva and Hiva Oa. 3He/4He shows a large range of values from 9 RA are found at Nuku Hiva and Hiva Oa near the center of the archipelago, in agreement with previous findings (Castillo et al., 2007). The new ages for the Hiva Oa lavas indicate that 3He/4He increases from ~ 8 RA to 14.5 RA during the mid-late shield stage of volcanism (2.6–2.0 Ma), followed by a decrease during the post-shield stage (
Divergent Stereoselectivity in Phosphothreonine (pThr)-Catalyzed Reductive Aminations of 3-Amidocyclohexanones

Phosphothreonine (pThr)-embedded peptide catalysts are found to mediate the reductive amination of 3-amidocyclohexanones with divergent selectivity. The choice of peptide sequence can be used to alter the diastereoselectivity to favor either the cis-product or trans-product, which are obtained in up to 93:7 er. NMR studies and DFT calculations are reported and indicate that both pathways rely on secondary interactions between substrate and catalyst to achieve selectivity. Furthermore, catalysts appear to accomplish a parallel kinetic resolution of the substrates. The facility for phosphopeptides to tune reactivity and access multiple products in reductive aminations may translate to the diversification of complex substrates, such as natural products, at numerous reactive sites.
Impulsivity in Parkinson’s Disease Is Associated With Alterations in Affective and Sensorimotor Striatal Networks

A subset of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experiences problems with impulse control, characterized by a loss of voluntary control over impulses, drives, or temptations regarding excessive hedonic behavior. The present study aimed to better understand the neural basis of such impulse control disorders (ICDs) in PD. We collected resting-state functional connectivity and structural MRI data from 21 PD patients with ICDs and 30 patients without such disorders. To assess impulsivity, all patients completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and performed an information-gathering task. MRI results demonstrated substantial differences in neural characteristics between PD patients with and without ICDs. Results showed that impulsivity was linked to alterations in affective basal ganglia circuitries. Specifically, reduced frontal-striatal connectivity and GPe volume were associated with more impulsivity. We suggest that these changes affect decision making and result in a preference for risky or inappropriate actions. Results further showed that impulsivity was linked to alterations in sensorimotor striatal networks. Enhanced connectivity within this network and larger putamen volume were associated with more impulsivity. We propose that these changes affect sensorimotor processing such that patients have a greater propensity to act. Our findings suggest that the two mechanisms jointly contribute to impulsive behaviors in PD.
Dopamine Triggers CTCF-Dependent Morphological and Genomic Remodeling of Astrocytes

Dopamine is critical for processing of reward and etiology of drug addiction. Astrocytes throughout the brain express dopamine receptors, but consequences of astrocytic dopamine receptor signaling are not well established. We found that extracellular dopamine triggered rapid concentration-dependent stellation of astrocytic processes that was not a result of dopamine oxidation but instead relied on both cAMP-dependent and cAMP-independent dopamine receptor signaling. This was accompanied by reduced duration and increased frequency of astrocytic Ca2+ transients, but little effect on astrocytic voltage-gated potassium channel currents. To isolate possible mechanisms underlying these structural and functional changes, we used whole-genome RNA sequencing and found prominent dopamine-induced enrichment of genes containing the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) motif, suggesting involvement of chromatin restructuring in the nucleus. CTCF binding to promoter sites bidirectionally regulates gene transcription and depends on activation of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). Accordingly, antagonism of PARP1 occluded dopamine-induced changes, whereas a PARP1 agonist facilitated dopamine-induced changes on its own. These results indicate that astrocyte response to elevated dopamine involves PARP1-mediated CTCF genomic restructuring and concerted expression of gene networks. Our findings propose epigenetic regulation of chromatin landscape as a critical factor in the rapid astrocyte response to dopamine.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although dopamine is widely recognized for its role in modulating neuronal responses both in healthy and disease states, little is known about dopamine effects at non-neuronal cells in the brain. To address this gap, we performed whole-genome sequencing of astrocytes exposed to elevated extracellular dopamine and combined it with evaluation of effects on astrocyte morphology and function. We demonstrate a temporally dynamic pattern of genomic plasticity that triggers pronounced changes in astrocyte morphology and function. We further show that this plasticity depends on activation of genes sensitive to DNA-binding protein CTCF. Our results propose that a broad pattern of astrocyte responses to dopamine specifically relies on CTCF-dependent gene networks.
Does aging change nutrition requirements

The current adult guidelines for a healthy diet make no distinctions between adults aged 25-50 y and those aged 51 y and over. The question is whether dietary guidelines ought to be stratified by age, in recognition of the dietary and nutrient needs of the growing population of elderly adults. There are limited data on nutrient requirements of older adults. Aging is accompanied by a variety of physiological, psychological, economic and social changes that may adversely affect nutritional status. Older people have a higher prevalence of chronic disease, take multiple medications and supplements, and tend to be sedentary. Higher prevalence of obesity is difficult to reconcile with sharply lowered energy intakes. While basal metabolic rate does decline with age, lack of physical activity among the elderly is the more likely answer. The USDA Food Guide Pyramid is the key tool for communicating dietary advice to consumers. Researchers at Tufts University have produced a 70+ pyramid to reflect the nutrient needs of elderly adults. An additional focus has been on quality of life issues. Increased longevity is not always associated with continued good health. The Healthy People 2010 Objectives now use quality of life as a national health standard. Whereas health related quality of life (HRQOL) measures assess physical and mental health and their determinants, global quality of life measures focus on life satisfaction. Optimal nutrition promotes both functional health status and mental well-being. Dietary diversity and variety promotes enjoyment and satisfaction with the diet. Regular physical activity promotes strength and endurance, helps to maintain appropriate body weight, and contributes to independent physical functioning. Improving health-related quality of life is a key element in promoting the health and well-being of older adults.
Queer Time and “Sideways Growth” in The Roaring Girl

“Queer Time and ‘Sideways Growth’ in The Roaring Girl” argues that The Roaring Girl’s Moll Cutpurse presents a queer critique of heteronormative temporality by, in the words of Kathryn Bond Stockton, “growing sideways” instead of “growing up.” Unlike Sebastian Wengrave and Mary Fitzallard, Moll, like Stockton’s “queer child,” delays temporal advancement and revels in the time before marriage as she refuses her own entrance into the institution. Furthermore, Moll’s physical size embodies this critique as her fat body symbolizes her refusal of containment and control. And while The Roaring Girl does not theorize a temporal framework outside linear futurity, it nonetheless suggests that premarital time can offer pleasure and vitality to those who cannot or will not “progress” through “straight” time.
Disaster in My Heart - A Visceral Explanation for Some Asset Pricing Puzzles

It is an unfortunate, yet unmistakable fact that human life can sometimes be unusually painful: loss of loved ones, divorce, critical medical issues just to name a few. I introduce the notion of 'dis-utility shocks': rare but large negative deviations from consumption-based utility level, to represent such uncommon adversities. I adjoin dis-utility shocks to a standard consumption-based asset pricing model and develop a method to compute their impact on asset prices numerically. Despite their idiosyncratic nature, calibration results indicate that dis-utility shocks affect asset prices in ways that address the main puzzles regarding stock price movements.
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS, CONVERGENT OR ASYMPTOTIC

Based on a Nonlinear Equivalence Theorem and a general method of error analysis, we established the asymptotic behavior of a class of discrete solutions of the Burgers’ Equation. As a model of fluid flow equations in CFD, we discussed the role of smoothing and filtering and the need of computing near some (hR)opt. for reasonable asymptotic approximations.
JetBlue Airways: Deicing at Logan Airport

The case explores a deicing capacity expansion decision made by JetBlue at Boston Logan International Airport in the summer of 2010. The need for capacity expansion was driven by significant challenges faced during the previous winter combined with substantial scheduled growth for the upcoming winter.Learning Objective: The case allows readers to explore the impact of demand variability on delays as demand approaches capacity. This provides an opportunity to introduce and/or reinforce Little's Law in a service context. Additionally, the context of the airline industry allows students to explore how delays and disruptions rapidly propagate throughout the system in a network of operations.
YBa2Cu3O7: A nearly antiferromagnetic Fermi liquid.

We have carried out strong-coupling calculations using the Eliashberg formalism, which provide strong evidence for the description of the planar quasiparticles in ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ as a nearly antiferromagnetic Fermi liquid. We show that when one takes into account the full structure (in frequency and momentum space) of the spin-fluctuation-induced interaction between quasiparticles, a superconducting transition temperature of 90 K is obtained with a dimensionless coupling constant, \ensuremath{\lambda}=0.402N(0)g=0.83, for a hole concentration of 0.25, a quasiparticle spectrum characterized by nearest-neighbor hopping, t=0.25 eV, and a spin-fluctuation spectrum determined by experiment. With a next-nearest-neighbor hopping, t'=-0.45t, the coupling required to obtain a ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ of 90 K is reduced by some 10%. Strong-coupling calculations of the normal state, using these latter parameters, yield a resistivity that varies linearly with temperature, with a magnitude at 90 K of 62 \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\Omega} cm, a frequency dependence of the optical conductivity in quantitative agreement with experiment for energies \ensuremath{\le}0.1 eV, a quasiparticle spectrum characterized by a momentum-dependent wave-function renormalization constant, 0.4\ensuremath{\le}${\mathit{Z}}_{\mathbf{p}}$\ensuremath{\le}0.6, and a self-energy whose imaginary part is proportional to \ensuremath{\omega} for energies up to 0.25 eV. We give a progress report on the extent to which a self-consistent description of the spin-fluctuation excitation spectrum can be found by taking \ensuremath{\chi}(q,\ensuremath{\omega})=\ensuremath{\chi}\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}(q,\ensuremath{\omega})/[1-J(q)\ensuremath{\chi}\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}(q,\ensuremath{\omega})], where \ensuremath{\chi}\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}(q,\ensuremath{\omega}) is the irreducible particle-hole susceptibility calculated for quasiparticles coupled to spin excitations whose spectrum is given by \ensuremath{\chi}(q,\ensuremath{\omega}) and J(q) is the effective spin-spin coupling.
Model-based diagnosis: A frequency domain view

We demonstrate how model-based diagnosis techniques can be applied directly in the frequency domain. Frequency domain models are used in reformulations of three diagnosis approaches: optimization-based parameter estimation; parameter estimation based on a particle filter formulated in frequency-domain; and analytic redundancy relations. Working in the frequency domain enables the parallelization of the diagnosis algorithms since the model's algebraic equations can be evaluated independently. Hence we can reduce the time for reaching a diagnosis. This approach is particularly useful for rotating machinery, where the fault modes exhibit rich dynamics better seen in the frequency domain. As an illustrative example we demonstrate our approach by diagnosing parametric faults in a DC motor.
Determination of Long-Range Distances by Fast Magic-Angle-Spinning Radiofrequency-Driven 19F-19F Dipolar Recoupling NMR.

Nanometer-range distances are important for restraining the three-dimensional structure and oligomeric assembly of proteins and other biological molecules. Solid-state NMR determination of protein ...
SPM-SLAM: Simultaneous localization and mapping with squared planar markers

Abstract SLAM is generally addressed using natural landmarks such as keypoints or texture, but it poses some limitations, such as the need for enough textured environments and high computational demands. In some cases, it is preferable sacrificing the flexibility of such methods for an increase in speed and robustness by using artificial landmarks. The recent work [1] proposes an off-line method to obtain a map of squared planar markers in large indoor environments. By freely distributing a set of markers printed on a piece of paper, the method estimates the marker poses from a set of images, given that at least two markers are visible in each image. Afterwards, camera localization can be done, in the correct scale. However, an off-line process has several limitations. First, errors can not be detected until the whole process is finished, e.g., an insufficient number of markers in the scene or markers not properly spotted in the capture stage. Second, the method is not incremental, so, in case of requiring the expansion of the map, it is necessary to repeat the whole process from start. Finally, the method can not be employed in real-time systems with limited computational resources such as mobile robots or UAVs. To solve these limitations, this work proposes a real-time solution to the problems of simultaneously localizing the camera and building a map of planar markers. This paper contributes with a number of solutions to the problems arising when solving SLAM from squared planar markers, coining the term SPM-SLAM. The experiments carried out show that our method can be more robust, precise and fast, than visual SLAM methods based on keypoints or texture.
An Examination of the Effects of Mediated Intragroup and Intergroup Interactions among Latino/a Characters

Content analytic work has consistently shown that Latinas are consistently found to be one of the most sexualized social groups in the media. In this study we experimentally examined the implicatio...
Clostridium difficile Modulates the Gut Microbiota by Inducing the Production of Indole, an Interkingdom Signaling and Antimicrobial Molecule.

ABSTRACT Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile infection (CDI) is associated with dysbiosis. C. difficile has a characteristic propensity to persist and recur 1 to 4 weeks after treatment, but the mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that C. difficile may persist by manipulating the intestinal microenvironment, thereby hampering gut microbiota reconstitution following antibiotic-mediated dysbiosis. By screening stools from CDI patients for unique markers, a metabolite identified to be indole by mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was identified. The average fecal indole concentration detected in CDI patients (n = 216; mean, 1,684.0 ± 84.4 µM) was significantly higher than in stools of patients with non-C. difficile diarrhea (n = 204; mean, 762.8 ± 53.8 µM). Certain intestinal bacteria, but not C. difficile, produce indole, a potent antimicrobial antioxidant. Remarkably, C. difficile induced other indole-producing gut microbes to produce increasing amounts of indole. Furthermore, a C. difficile accessory gene regulator 1 quorum sensing system mutant cannot induce indole, but complementation of the mutant strain with the wild-type gene restored its ability to induce indole production. Indole tolerance assays indicated that the amount of indole required to inhibit growth of most gut-protective bacteria was within the range detected in the CDI stools. We think that a high indole level limits the growth of beneficial indole-sensitive bacteria in the colon and alters colonization resistance and this might allow C. difficile to proliferate and persist. Together, these results reveal a unique mechanism of C. difficile persistence and provide insight into complex interactions and chemical warfare among the gut microbiota. IMPORTANCEClostridium difficile infection is the leading cause of hospital-acquired and antibiotic-associated diarrhea worldwide. C. difficile flourishes in the colon after the diversity of the beneficial and protective gut microbiota have been altered by antibiotic therapy. C. difficile tends to persist, as does dysbiosis, encouraging recurrence a few days to weeks after treatment, and this further complicates treatment options. Here, we show that C. difficile might persist by manipulating the indigenous microbiota to produce indole, a bioactive molecule that inhibits the growth and reconstitution of the protective gut microbiota during infection. This discovery may explain a unique strategy C. difficile uses to control other bacteria in the colon and provide insight into the complex interactions and chemical warfare among the gut microbiota.
Towards in vivo imaging of the mouse cone photoreceptors (Conference Presentation)

Vision is the most important sense organ of human, more than 80% of the information from outside world is acquired by vision. Vision starts at the photoreceptors in the retina capturing the visible light photons. There are two general types of photoreceptors, called rods and cones. Rods allow us to see in dim and dark light, cones allow us to perceive fine visual detail and color. To understand physiology of cones, researchers developed many model organisms that allow them to study in details different aspects of photoreceptors function. Specifically, mice play a central role in basic vision science research. However, one should keep in mind that mice have rod dominant retinas which is different from human cone dominant retinas near fovea. As one of the consequence in vivo imaging of cones in humans is relatively easy in periphery, and cone mosaic was the first cellular structure that was reported to be seen by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO), especially with implementation of adaptive optics (AO)[1]. However, just recently researchers started to visualize human rods which are smaller than cones [2, 3]. In case of mouse retinal imaging, it is quite the opposite situation. There have been recent reports of imaging rods mosaic [4-6], but up to date no reports on identifying cones in the images. Given that the cones are twice as big as rods in mice, it is very interesting why one can visualize rods but cannot visualize cones.
Analysis of the Gradient Descent Algorithm for a Deep Neural Network Model with Skip-connections.

The behavior of the gradient descent (GD) algorithm is analyzed for a deep neural network model with skip-connections. It is proved that in the over-parametrized regime, for a suitable initialization, with high probability GD can find a global minimum exponentially fast. Generalization error estimates along the GD path are also established. As a consequence, it is shown that when the target function is in the reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) with a kernel defined by the initialization, there exist generalizable early-stopping solutions along the GD path. In addition, it is also shown that the GD path is uniformly close to the functions given by the related random feature model. Consequently, in this "implicit regularization" setting, the deep neural network model deteriorates to a random feature model. Our results hold for neural networks of any width larger than the input dimension.
Changing the Narrative: New directions in online retention

The growth of online higher education has outpaced residential enrollments for the past six years and adults are a significant population of online learners. While certainly concerns about the efficacy of learning online have not fully gone away, online courses, and often entire online degrees, are now an established part of the contemporary higher education landscape. At the same time, persistence and retention remain important areas of concern for both online learners and the higher education institutions serving them. In this paper, we will identify some of the key challenges adult online learners face, suggest an integrated model for approaching the retention of online learners, and offer specific examples of services and interventions to help with online retention.
“PHM for Astronauts” Project to Run on the International Space Station: The Status and Plan Forward

This paper reports on the “PHM for Astronauts” project status. The project is to validate the “PHM for Human Health and Performance (HH&P)” concept that was originally introduced as a predictive diagnostics concept for space medicine in the paper “System Health Management and Space Medicine Predictive Diagnostics. Common Concepts and Approaches.” in 2012 and then was elaborated and further evolved by the authors over the last seven years. Discussing the project on validation of the advanced concept and corresponding technology candidates with predictive screening capability on the International Space Station (ISS), this paper focuses on a plan to move forward with the project, i.e., the plan to complete the project inception phase and to move into the implementation phase of the project in terms of the current ISS status, evolving ISS program, and latest international developments. This paper also discusses the forward planning exercise in terms of recommendations by experienced astronauts and healthcare professionals on crewed space programs as well as the National Space Exploration Campaign Report recently released by NASA in order to develop a Human Exploration Roadmap that will include a critical decision plan to expand human presence beyond low-Earth orbit (LEO). The novelty of the to-be-validated concept on crew health maintenance is to employ PHM-based solutions with predictive screening capability, providing early and actionable real-time warnings of impending health issues that otherwise would have gone undetected unless a symptom is manifested or a sign is detected at a relatively late stage.
Method for evaluating user-side flexible device access to power grid

In this paper, the benefit model of energy saving and emission reduction for electric vehicles and fuel vehicles are established, the situation of energy consumption and carbon emission between the two sides were comprehensively analyzed. Then, the reliability model of distribution network was established. Based on the theory of peak-valley time-of-use electricity price and V2G market regulation agreement, the reliability of connecting electric vehicles to distribution network is evaluated accordingly. The results show that the energy consumption of electric vehicles is much lower than fuel vehicles and the economy is better. For example, according to 2017 data, more than 130,000 electric vehicles in Beijing can save up 70,000 RMB per kilometer during peak hours. Reasonable connection of electric vehicles to power distribution network can effectively reduce carbon emissions and has remarkable environmental protection effect. Compared with disorderly charging of electric vehicles, V2G market with peak-valley time-of-use electricity price can obviously improve the stability of the system.
SECO: A Scalable Accuracy Approximate Exponential Function Via Cross-Layer Optimization

From signal processing to emerging deep neural networks, a range of applications exhibit intrinsic error resilience. For such applications, approximate computing opens up new possibilities for energy-eﬃcient computing by producing slightly inaccurate results using greatly simplified hardware. Adopting this approach, a variety of basic arithmetic units, such as adders and multipliers, have been effectively redesigned to generate approximate results for many error-resilient applications.In this work, we propose SECO, an approximate exponential function unit (EFU). Exponentiation is a key operation in many signal processing applications and more importantly in spiking neuron models, but its energy-eﬃcient implementation has been inadequately explored. We also introduce a cross-layer design method for SECO to optimize the energy-accuracy trade-off. At the algorithm level, SECO offers runtime scaling between energy eﬃciency and accuracy based on approximate Taylor expansion, where the error is minimized by optimizing parameters using discrete gradient descent at design time. At the circuit level, our error analysis method eﬃciently explores the design space to select the energy-accuracy-optimal approximate multiplier at design time. In tandem, the cross-layer design and runtime optimization method are able to generate energy-eﬃcient and accurate approximate EFU designs that are up to 99.7% accurate at a power consumption of 3.73 pJ per exponential operation. SECO is also evaluated on the adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire neuron model, yielding only 0.002% timing error and 0.067% value error compared to the precise neuron model.
The effects of input and output based instruction on the development of L2 explicit and automatised explicit knowledge: a classroom based study

The study investigates to what extent English as a second language (ESL) learners develop explicit and automatised explicit knowledge of two target-forms (third person singular ‘s’ and future condi...