cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Special Considerations in Ventricular Pacing in Patients with Tricuspid Valve Disease

Abstract In patients who have undergone prosthetic tricuspid valve replacement or tricuspid an-nuloplasty and in whom the pericardial space is obliterated by adhesions from previous operations, the need for ventricular pacing may be met by lead placement in the venous tributaries of the coronary veins. This approach avoids compromise of prosthetic tricuspid valve function and injury to biopros-thetic valves and natural valves repaired by annulo-plasty. Although acute stimulation thresholds are slightly higher than those for short-term endocardial implants, stable long-term ventricular pacing has been observed in patients reported in the literature in whom such lead placement was inadvertent and in the 2 patients in the present paper in whom such replacement was deliberate. This method appears to be a safe alternative to standard ventricular pacing techniques under the special circumstances reported here.
First excited 1Σg+ state of the hydrogen molecule and its isotopes

Abstract A complete theoretical analysis of the first excited 1 Σ g + state of the hydrogen molecule is presented. A linear variational method based on a James and Coolidge wave function was used to compute a potential curve for the electronic motion. The potential curve obtained has two minima. A 24-term wave function gave a potential minimum at R = 1.9 atomic units of −0.71749 a.u. as compared to the experimental value of −0.7181 a.u. A minimum energy of −0.70532 a.u. was obtained at R = 4.3 a.u. as compared to Davidson's calculated value of −0.70067 a.u. at R = 4.35 a.u. Using this potential curve vibrational and rotational levels were then computed for the hydrogen molecule and its isotopic species. The results for H 2 , D 2 , and T 2 are compared with experimental values. The levels below the potential barrier were classified as belonging to the separate minima by examining the rotational differences and the wave functions for the nuclear motion. Above the barrier the probability density was approximately the same for both minima.
Optimizing inventory decisions in a multi-stage multi-customer supply chain

Abstract Most supply chain models focus on two-stage chains in which vendors supply material to one customer. In this paper, we formulate a three-stage supply chain model where a firm can supply many customers. We deal with three inventory coordination mechanisms between chain members and solve a cost minimization model for each. We show that some of the coordination mechanisms can result in a significantly lower total cost than matching production and delivery along the chain. We provide some insights into when the added complexity of the second and third coordination mechanisms lead to significant cost reductions.
131 PHASIC MITRAL FLOW DURING SPONTANEOUS RESPIRATION

We have previously demonstrated that changes in preload will influence mitral flow (QM) prior to changes in aortic flow (QA), while a change in afterload will influence QA first. During spontaneous unobstructed inspiration and Mueller maneuvers, QA is minimum during inspiration and reaches a maximum in early expiration. We tested whether primary changes in QM or QA were dominantly responsible for the observed respiratory variation in QA. In 7 acutely instrumented dogs, we placed both mitral and ascending aortic flow probes, closed the pericardium and chest and allowed spontaneous respiration to resume. We evaluated preload (QM) or afterload (QA) dominance by measuring which integrated flow reached its' inspiratory minimum or expiratory maximum first during a single respiratory cycle. These data suggest that while an afterload influence does exist, preload changes dominate over afterload changes in determining changes in LV stroke volume during respiration under our experimental conditions with small changes in pleural pressure with or without a change in lung volume.
Rotational resonance in a spin-lock field for solid state NMR

Abstract In the magic angle spinning NMR experiment, a rotational resonance phenomenon occurs whenever a spin-lock rf field, ω rf , is either equal to or twice the sample spinning speed. The resonance occurs in the rotating frame where the spin-lock field assumes the role of the “Zeeman” interaction and the chemical shift modulated by the sample rotation is the “radio frequency” irradiation. The importance of good rf field homogeneity to the experiment is shown.
No evidence for induction or selection of mutant sodium channel expression in the copepod Acartia husdsonica challenged with the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense

Some species in the dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium spp. produce a suite of neurotoxins that block sodium channels, known as paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), which have deleterious effects on grazers. Populations of the ubiquitous copepod grazer Acartia hudsonica that have co-occurred with toxic Alexandrium spp. are better adapted than naive populations. The mechanism of adaptation is currently unknown. We hypothesized that a mutation in the sodium channel could account for the grazer adaptation. We tested two hypotheses: (1) Expression of the mutant sodium channel could be induced by exposure to toxic Alexandrium fundyense; (2) in the absence of induction, selection exerted by toxic A. fundyense would favor copepods that predominantly express the mutant isoform. In the copepod A. hudsonica, both isoforms are expressed in all individuals in varying proportions. Thus, in addition to comparing expression ratios of wild-type to mutant isoforms for individual copepods, we also partitioned copepods into three groups: those that predominantly express the mutant (PMI) isoform, the wild-type (PWI) isoform, or both isoforms approximately equally (EI). There were no differences in isoform expression between individuals that were fed toxic and nontoxic food after three and 6 days; induction of mutant isoform expression did not occur. Furthermore, the hypothesis that mutant isoform expression responds to toxic food was also rejected. That is, no consistent evidence showed that the wild-type to mutant isoform ratios decreased, or that the relative proportion of PMI individuals increased, due to the consumption of toxic food over four generations. However, in the selected line that was continuously exposed to toxic food sources, egg production rate increased, which suggested that adaptation occurred but was unrelated to sodium channel isoform expression.
Adsorption of Oxygen on Sodium Saturated Cu{110}

The adsorption of oxygen on a sodium saturated Cu{110} surface is examined with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in an extension of a previous study of this system which utilized low energy electron diffraction (LEED), and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). The sodium overlayer, despite the presence of an initial oxide contaminant, shows metallic character. Intentionally adsorbed oxygen is in a different chemical state than the initial oxygen contaminant and causes a reduction in the metallic character of the sodium. The sticking coefficient for oxygen on the sodium saturated surface is almost three times greater than for the bare Cu{110} surface.
Zhu XI's spiritual practice as the basis of his central philosophical concepts

This article attempts to connect three aspects of Zhu Xi’s 朱熹 (1130–1200) life and work: (1) the “spiritual crisis” he experienced in his thirties; (2) his identification of Zhou Dunyi 周敦頤 (1017–1073) as the first true Confucian sage since Mencius; and (3) his concepts of taiji 太極 and li 理. The argument is that (1) the spiritual crisis that Zhu Xi discussed with Zhang Shi 張栻 (1133–1180) and the other “gentlemen of Hunan” from about 1167 to 1169, which was resolved by an understanding of what we might call the “interpenetration”of the mind’s stillness and activity (dong-jing 動靜) or equilibrium and harmony (zhong-he 中和), (2) led directly to his realization that Zhou Dunyi’s thought provided a cosmological basis for that resolution, and (3) this in turn led Zhu Xi to understand (or construct) the meaning of taiji in terms of the polarity of yin and yang; i.e. the “Supreme Polarity” as the most fundamental ordering principle (li 理).
The preoperative and intraoperative hemodynamic predictors of postoperative myocardial infarction or ischemia in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery

Among hypertensive and diabetic patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgery, preoperative status and intraoperative changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) were evaluated as predictors of postoperative ischemic complications. Of 254 patients evaluated before operation and monitored during operation, 30 (12%) had postoperative cardiac death, ischemia, or infarction. Twenty-four per cent of patients with a previous myocardial infarction or cardiomegaly had an ischemic postoperative cardiac complication. Only 7% of those without either of these conditions sustained an ischemic complication. No other preoperative characteristics, including the presence of angina, predicted ischemic cardiac risk. Nineteen per cent of patients who had 20 mm Hg or more intraoperative decreases in MAP lasting 60 minutes or more had ischemic cardiac complications. Patients who had more than 20 mm Hg decreases in MAP lasting 5 to 59 minutes and more than 20 mm Hg increases lasting 15 minutes or more also had increased complications (p less than 0.03). Changes in pulse were not independent predictors of complications and the use of the rate-pressure product did not improve prediction based on MAP alone. In conclusion patients with a previous infarction or radiographic cardiomegaly are at high risk for postoperative ischemic complications. Prolonged intraoperative increases or decreases of 20 mm or more in MAP also resulted in a significant increase in these potentially life-threatening surgical complications.
Eosinophil Peroxidase Nitrates Protein Tyrosyl Residues IMPLICATIONS FOR OXIDATIVE DAMAGE BY NITRATING INTERMEDIATES IN EOSINOPHILIC INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS

Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) has been implicated in promoting oxidative tissue injury in conditions ranging from asthma and other allergic inflammatory disorders to cancer and parasitic/helminthic infections. Studies thus far on this unique peroxidase have primarily focused on its unusual substrate preference for bromide (Br(-)) and the pseudohalide thiocyanate (SCN(-)) forming potent hypohalous acids as cytotoxic oxidants. However, the ability of EPO to generate reactive nitrogen species has not yet been reported. We now demonstrate that EPO readily uses nitrite (NO(2)(-)), a major end-product of nitric oxide ((.)NO) metabolism, as substrate to generate a reactive intermediate that nitrates protein tyrosyl residues in high yield. EPO-catalyzed nitration of tyrosine occurred more readily than bromination at neutral pH, plasma levels of halides, and pathophysiologically relevant concentrations of NO(2)(-). Furthermore, EPO was significantly more effective than MPO at promoting tyrosine nitration in the presence of plasma levels of halides. Whereas recent studies suggest that MPO can also promote protein nitration through indirect oxidation of NO(2)(-) with HOCl, we found no evidence that EPO can indirectly mediate protein nitration by a similar reaction between HOBr and NO(2)(-). EPO-dependent nitration of tyrosine was modulated over a physiologically relevant range of SCN(-) concentrations and was accompanied by formation of tyrosyl radical addition products (e.g. o,o'-dityrosine, pulcherosine, trityrosine). The potential role of specific antioxidants and nucleophilic scavengers on yields of tyrosine nitration and bromination by EPO are examined. Thus, EPO may contribute to nitrotyrosine formation in inflammatory conditions characterized by recruitment and activation of eosinophils.
Employee Impressions of a Manager: Computerized Simulation Predictions

This study examines computerized simulations of employee impressions of a manager in specific manager-employee interactions. Prior research has shown that employee impressions play a significant role in work outcomes including job performance, job performance appraisals, acceptance of change, and relationship quality to mention a few. This project examines the validity of affect control theory through application of software INTERACT, the tool that operationalizes theory principles to predict impressions and other social interaction outcomes. The key ingredients to the theory are fundamental sentiments, quantified in EPA (evaluation, potency, activity) profile dimensions on semantic differential scales ranging from to +4.3. The theory holds that people intuitively rely on sentiments that prevail among a cultural group and extend across time. It is proposed that these sentiments maintain meaning and order in the lives of employees at work and for people in general in social life. The research compares computer-simulated predictions with experimental results for comparable manager-employee interactions. The hypothesis is supported with highly significant results.
OBO-Edit—an ontology editor for biologists

Summary: OBO-Edit is an open source, platform-independent ontology editor developed and maintained by the Gene Ontology Consortium. Implemented in Java, OBO-Edit uses a graph-oriented approach to display and edit ontologies. OBO-Edit is particularly valuable for viewing and editing biomedical ontologies. Availability: https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=36855 Contact: gohelp@geneontology.org
Induction of Anergy in Th1 Cells Associated with Increased Levels of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 1

Th1 cells exposed to Ag and the G 1 blocker n -butyrate in primary cultures lose their ability to proliferate in Ag-stimulated secondary cultures. The ability of n -butyrate to induce anergy in Ag-stimulated, but not resting, Th1 cells was shown here to be blocked by cycloheximide. Subsequent experiments to delineate the nature of the protein apparently required for n -butyrate-induced Th1 cell anergy focused on the role of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors p21 Cip1 and p27 Kip1 . Normally, entry into S phase by Th1 cells occurs around 24 h after Ag stimulation and corresponds with relatively low levels of both p21 Cip1 and p27 Kip1 . However, unlike control Th1 cells, anergic Th1 cells contained high levels of both p21 Cip1 and p27 Kip1 when examined 24 h after Ag stimulation. The increase in p21 Cip1 observed in Ag-stimulated anergic Th1 cells appeared to be initiated in primary cultures. In contrast, the increase in p27 Kip1 observed in these anergic Th1 cells appears to represent a re-expression of the protein much earlier than control cells following Ag stimulation in secondary cultures. The anergic Th1 cells contained functionally active cdk inhibitors capable of inhibiting the activity of both endogenous and exogenous cdks. Consequently, it appears that n -butyrate-induced anergy in Th1 cells correlated with the up-regulation of p21 Cip1 and perhaps the downstream failure to maintain low levels of p27 Kip1 . Increased levels of both p21 Cip1 and p27 Kip1 at the end of G 1 could prevent cdk-mediated entry into S phase, and thus help maintain the proliferative unresponsiveness found in the anergic Th1 cells.
Idiopathic Thromboembolism as the Presenting Sign of Occult Prostate Cancer

Abstract Objectives. Idiopathic thromboembolism has been associated with occult neoplasia; however, very limited information exists regarding a man’s risk of occult prostate cancer after an idiopathic thromboembolic event. Methods. We performed a case-control study of 209 consecutive men diagnosed with prostate cancer over a 3-year period, with 350 men diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) serving as control subjects. Results. Men with idiopathic thromboembolism had a fivefold increased risk of prostate cancer compared with the BPH control group (risk ratio = 5.0, P = 0.002). The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival was not adversely affected after an idiopathic thromboembolic event. Conclusions. Our data suggest that men with idiopathic thromboembolism are at an increased risk for being diagnosed with prostate cancer. In men with idiopathic thromboembolism, attempts to diagnose prostate cancer, including digital rectal examination and serum PSA, warrant consideration.
Index to Estimate the Efficiency of an Ophthalmic Practice.

Importance A metric of efficiency, a function of the ratio of quality to cost per patient, will allow the health care system to better measure the impact of specific reforms and compare the effectiveness of each. Objective To develop and evaluate an efficiency index that estimates the performance of an ophthalmologist’s practice as a function of cost, number of patients receiving care, and quality of care. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective review of 36 ophthalmology subspecialty practices from October 2011 to September 2012 at a university-based eye institute. Exposures The efficiency index ( E ) was defined as a function of adjusted number of patients ( Na ), total practice adjusted costs ( Ca ), and a preliminary measure of quality ( Q ). Constant b limits E between 0 and 1. Constant y modifies the influence of Q on E . Relative value units and geographic cost indices determined by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid for 2012 were used to calculate adjusted costs. The efficiency index is expressed as the following: E = b ( Na / Ca ) Qy . Independent, masked auditors reviewed 20 random patient medical records for each practice and filled out 3 questionnaires to obtain a process-based quality measure. Main Outcomes and Measures The adjusted number of patients, adjusted costs, quality, and efficiency index were calculated for 36 ophthalmology subspecialties. Results The median adjusted number of patients was 5516 (interquartile range, 3450-11 863), the median adjusted cost was 1.34 (interquartile range, 0.99-1.96), the median quality was 0.89 (interquartile range, 0.79-0.91), and the median value of the efficiency index was 0.26 (interquartile range, 0.08-0.42). Conclusions and Relevance The described efficiency index is a metric that provides a broad overview of performance for a variety of ophthalmology specialties as estimated by resources used and a preliminary measure of quality of care provided. The results of the efficiency index could be used in future investigations to determine its sensitivity to detect the impact of interventions on a practice such as training modules or practice restructuring.
Bullard laryngoscopy by naÏve operators in the cervical spine immobilized patient

To determine ease of Bullard laryngoscopy by naive operators during cervical spine immobilization, 21 residents, naive to the Bullard laryngoscope, were assigned to perform Bullard laryngoscopy and standard direct laryngoscopy on the Laerdal SimMan Universal Patient Simulator while the rigid cervical spine function was engaged. Sequences were repeated. Success of laryngeal intubation, time to intubation, ease of intubation, and grade of laryngoscopic view were recorded and compared. Pairwise comparisons of consecutive times between standard and Bullard devices showed significant difference in mean times at first attempt, 28.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 18.1-39.5) seconds in favor of Macintosh laryngoscopy, but no statistical differences between devices at second and third attempts, with differences in mean times of 4.5 (95% CI 2.5-6.5) and 3.8 (95% CI, 0.1-7.7) seconds, respectively. Similarly, ease of use was statistically unchanged over time for Macintosh laryngoscopy, but there was statistically significant improvement in ease of use for the Bullard. The Bullard laryngoscope is an easily mastered airway management device for intubation of the cervical spine immobilized patient.
Lipoprotein lipase and hydrofluoric acid deactivate both bacterial lipoproteins and lipoteichoic acids, but platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase degrades only lipoteichoic acids.

To identify the Toll-like receptor 2 ligand critically involved in infections with gram-positive bacteria, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is often used to selectively inactivate lipoproteins, and hydrofluoric acid (HF) or platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) is used to selectively inactivate lipoteichoic acid (LTA). However, the specificities of these chemical reactions are unknown. We investigated the reaction specificities by using two synthetic lipoproteins (Pam3CSK4 and FSL-1) and LTAs from pneumococci and staphylococci. Changes in the structures of the two synthetic proteins and the LTAs were monitored by mass spectrometry, and biological activity changes were evaluated by measuring tumor necrosis factor alpha production by mouse macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) following stimulation. PAF-AH inactivated LTA without reducing the biological activities of Pam3CSK4 and FSL-1. Mass spectroscopy confirmed that PAF-AH monodeacylated pneumococcal LTA but did not alter the structure of either Pam3CSK4 or FSL-1. As expected, HF treatment reduced the biological activity of LTA by more than 80% and degraded LTA. HF treatment not only deacylated Pam3CSK4 and FSL-1 but also reduced the activities of the lipoproteins by more than 60%. Treatment with LPL decreased the biological activities by more than 80%. LPL also removed an acyl chain from the LTA and reduced its activity. Our results indicate that treatment with 1% H2O2 for 6 h at 37°C inactivates Pam3CSK4, FSL-1, and LTA by more than 80%. Although HF, LPL, and H2O2 treatments degrade and inactivate both lipopeptides and LTA, PAF-AH selectively inactivated LTA with no effect on the biological and structural properties of the two lipopeptides. Also, the ability of PAF-AH to reduce the inflammatory activities of cell wall extracts from gram-positive bacteria suggests LTA to be essential in inflammatory responses to gram-positive bacteria.
Computational Fluid Dynamics and Wall Mechanics of Pre- and Post-Operative Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

In the present work we numerically evaluated the biomechanical environment of pre- and post-operative aneurysms and examined the cumulative ffect of factors such as the presence of localized thrombus, non-uniform material properties, and patient-specific geometry. Flow disturbance was intensified through the pre-operative aneurysm sac with the onset of diastolic conditions and the obstruction of the localized thrombus. This led to increased flow-induced forces, particularly in the normal direction to the wall. Similarly, the thrombus localized the Von Mises stress where changes in geometry and material property occur, while simultaneously shielding the AAA wall from elevated mechanical forces.
Conversations about analgesics in the emergency department: A qualitative study.

Abstract Objective We sought to characterize conversations about analgesics in the Emergency Department (ED) setting. Methods A secondary analysis of 47 audio-recorded ED visits containing conversations about analgesics was performed. Data were collected at an urban, academic medical center among adults with one of four diagnoses. Visit transcripts were analyzed qualitatively using content and constant comparative analysis. The speaker, medication being discussed, and overall conversation concordance were categorized. Results Among the 47 transcripts there were 1102 unique statements related to analgesics. Thirteen codes were identified; however, four codes (discussing details of administration, forecasting, side effects, past history) accounted for over 65% of the conversations. Patient requests, statements related to chronic pain and contentious conversations occurred infrequently, but were present (17% discordant conversations, 83% concordant). Medical providers dominated the conversations with patients' contributions equaling only a quarter of total coded conversation. Conclusions These findings characterize the narrow range of topics discussed about analgesics and demonstrate that many risks of opioid medications were not discussed. Practice Implications Increased counseling about opioids may be warranted given rising opioid-related deaths. To be prepared, providers may wish to reflect on how to approach different topics related to opioids and analgesia prior to engaging in such discussions.
A basolateral lactate/H+ co-transporter in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells

Monolayers of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells grown on permeable filters generated lactate aerobically and accumulated it preferentially in the basolateral compartment, suggesting the presence of a lactate carrier. The mechanism of lactate transport across apical and basolateral membranes was examined by determining intracellular pH (pHi) microspectrofluorimetrically after addition of lactate to the extracellular solutions and by measuring uptake of [14C]lactate. Addition of 20 mM lactate to the apical compartment produced no change in pHi, whereas lactate added to the basolateral compartment rapidly and reversibly lowered pHi. Pyruvate produced similar results. Inhibitors of lactate/H+ co-transporters, alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (CnCN) and quercetin, partially inhibited the fall in pHi produced by basolateral lactate. In contrast, the disulphonic stilbene. DIDS (4,4'-di-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid) produced no inhibition at 0.5 mM. Kinetic analysis was performed by applying basolateral lactate at various concentrations and measuring the rate of entry (delta pHi/min) in the presence and absence of CnCN. Lactate flux was shown to occur by both non-ionic diffusion and a alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate-sensitive component (carrier). The latter has a Km of approximately 7 mM for the lactate anion. Propionate, but not formate, lowered pHi to the same degree as did equimolar lactate, but the propionate effect was not inhibited by CnCN. Influx of [14C]lactate was substantially greater across the basolateral membrane than across the apical membrane and occurred in the absence of Na+. We conclude that MDCK cells grown on permeable filters generate lactate aerobically and transport it across the basolateral membrane by way of a lactate/H+ cotransporter.
Controversy Detection in Wikipedia Using Collective Classification

Concerns over personalization in IR have sparked an interest in detection and analysis of controversial topics. Accurate detection would enable many beneficial applications, such as alerting search users to controversy. Wikipedia's broad coverage and rich metadata offer a valuable resource for this problem. We hypothesize that intensities of controversy among related pages are not independent; thus, we propose a stacked model which exploits the dependencies among related pages. Our approach improves classification of controversial web pages when compared to a model that examines each page in isolation, demonstrating that controversial topics exhibit homophily. Using notions of similarity to construct a subnetwork for collective classification, rather than using the default network present in the relational data, leads to improved classification with wider applications for semi-structured datasets, with the effects most pronounced when a small set of neighbors is used.
A systematic review of the international disaster case management literature in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

Among the many influences Hurricane Katrina had on emergency management, the influence on disaster case management processes, practices, and policies was significant. The recovery challenges imposed by the event prompted a number of reform activities related to disaster case management in the USA. While these reforms led to notable improvements, the problems of weak capacity and poor integration continue to hinder effective program development. These lingering problems have shifted attention to the international domain as means to not only understand how Hurricane Katrina has impacted disaster case management on a global level but also identify lessons learned from international disaster events. As such, a systematic review of the international literature on disaster social work and case management was conducted. These results shed light on the roles and processes of social work, the use of psychosocial interventions, and the barriers to service delivery in the international disaster context.
Evaluation of Flight Deck Procedures Used in the Designation of Traffic for Tailored Collision Avoidance Logic

The Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS XO) allows a pilot to select traffic for tailored collision avoidance advisories during simultaneous approaches to parallel runways. In the study revie...
Preventive Medicine: Revolutionary States, the International System, and Repression

Do governments repress in order to defend themselves against the demonstration effects produced by the victory of rebels in armed conflicts? I theorize that the victory of rebel forces in armed conflict, and the subsequent creation of revolutionary regimes, provides an international model for mobilization to would-be rebels and that this, in turn, leads government authorities to deploy repression in order to defend themselves. This relationship is conditional upon the international aggressiveness of revolutionary regimes and their proximity to the threatened state. I test these expectations against state-year patterns of repression for the period 1976–2001. I find that states do indeed repress in order to defend themselves from revolutionary regimes. Moreover, I find that this effect is relatively insensitive to distance — particularly aggressive revolutionary regimes trigger repression even among non-contiguous states.
Perianal Crohn's disease: challenges and solutions

Perianal Crohn's disease affects a significant number of patients with Crohn's disease and is associated with poor quality of life. The nature of the disease, compounded by presentation of various disease severities, has made the treatment of perianal Crohn's disease difficult. The field continues to evolve with the use of both historical and contemporary solutions to address the challenges associated with it. The goal of this article is to review current literature regarding medical and surgical treatment, as well as the future directions of therapy.
Women and the art of Ancient Cyprus

As is the case with all cultures in the ancient Near East, women were visible in artistic representations in Cyprus during antiquity. The several authors who are contributing to the discussion of women in ancient Cyprus in this volume are providing focused commentary on specific topics and chronological phases. This chapter will rather serve as a synopsis of the presence of women in the artistic repertoire of the island over a discrete period of time and will assess the causal factors of that presence. The focus will be the early history of Cyprus and extending through the Bronze Age. Beginning in the prehistoric period, the evidence for the confluence of women and art was already present and consistently became enriched over time. The longevity of the span of Cyprus’s past both complicates any summary that considers visual expression vis a vis the material culture but also makes the discussion more productive, because of the intricacy of cultural change throughout this phase of the island’s past.
Chapter 3 – Graphics Miscellanea

In this chapter, we provide a basic introduction to graphics using R complementing the chapter on R Graphics by Dr. Sarkar.
Shielding Effectiveness, Coupling Path, and EMI Mitigation for QSFP Cages With Heatsink

Quad form-factor pluggable (QSFP) interconnections shielding cages with heatsinks are often optimized for thermal, mechanical, and volume manufacturing. In this paper, shielding effectiveness (SE) of QSFP cages, including two configurations of 1 × 1 and 1 × 6 with three cases of normal (i.e., rising) heatsink, without a heatsink, and with a modified heatsink, is measured for the frequency range of 1–40 GHz using a dual reverberation chamber. For each measurement, three different vendors of optical modules are utilized and averaged SE is achieved for each case, indicating that the rising heatsink degrades the SE around 5–10 dB compare to the no heatsink or modified heatsink. Further, energy parcels and their trajectory concept are applied to visualize the coupling paths in a rising heatsink. The rising heatsink creates a new coupling path for EM waves to leak to the cage and emit from the chassis faceplate. From the energy parcel results, an electromagnetic interference (EMI) mitigation technique is proposed for the newly created coupling path by the rising heatsink, and its performance is evaluated with SE measurements. Further, a measurement is performed with an active board using a 40-Gbps optical module with and without the EMI mitigation technique.
Membranolytic Activity and Morphological Characterization of Palygorskite and Sepiolite

The hormitic clays, palygorskite (attapulgite) and sepiolite, are being commercially used for many different applications. In 1983, approximately 1.1 million tons of palygorskite was used in industrial countries of the western world, as compared to 400,000 tons of sepiolite in 1984 (see IARC, 1987, for production, consumption, and application data). Concern about the potential health hazard of these minerals has arisen due to their fibrous nature and extensive application as asbestos substitutes (Bignon et al, 1980).
Science and Technology of Conducting Polymers

The applicability of the concept of “doping” is the unifying theme which distinguishes a certain class of organic polymers — “conducting polymers” — from all others. Doping results in dramatic electronic and magnetic changes with a concomitant increase in conductivity to, or approaching, the metallic regime. Doping phenomena and the chief types of dopable organic polymers are described with particular emphasis on polyaniline which is presently being commercialized on a relatively large scale and is the leading conducting polymer for technology, although closely followed by polythiophene derivatives. Polyaniline shows considerable promise for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and is already used in commercial rechargeable batteries. Leading potential technological applications utilize polyaniline film membranes for gas separations and polyphenylenevinylenes as light-emitting diodes. Additional potential applications of conducting polymers such as electrochromic windows, redox capacitors, chemical sensors, etc. are also described briefly.
Choice of biasing function for source biasing

Two different descriptions have been used for Monte Carlo source biasing. One relies on a direct optimization of biasing parameters, the other on an intuitive application of the adjoint flux. But use of the adjoint flux is based on the assumption that importance sampling will be used throughout the calculation, and that source sampling will not be stratified. It is shown that if these conditions are not satisfied, use of the importance functions has no theoretical justification and, in principle, biasing parameters must be optimized directly. Source biasing is probably the simplest, and one of the oldest, of all variance-reduction techniques, and one might suppose that it is, by now, perfectly well understood.
Students’ Assessment Of The Effectiveness Of The Various Activities In A Non-Traditional Course

In the spring of 1993, I taught an upper-level undergraduate course, “The Political Economy of US-Japanese Relations”, for the fast time, and made use of many non-traditional teaching techniques, including the case method, formal cooperative learning groups, a collaborative research project, student self-evaluations, and journals. As the semester progressed, I was pleased by the way the course was unfolding, but wanted a better sense of the way that these various activities helped students attain what I termed “cognitive”, “affective and personal”, and “interactive” objectives. Given this range of objectives, and the collaborative atmosphere I was trying to create in the classroom, I was not willing to take the steps needed to rigorously test for learning outcomes.1 Instead, at the end of the semester, I designed and administered to the students a survey, in order to understand their perceptions. While one segment asked the students to provide a free-form assessment of each course activity, another asked them to separately evaluate the usefulness of each in achieving teaching objectives, according to a numerical rating scheme. In this article, I first describe six major course activities and provide a synopsis of the students’ free-form assessment for each. I then present and highlight the numerical ratings. I conclude by summarising both sets of results and sketching their implications.
Private Donations for Humanitarian Operations

Taking an operations management perspective, we investigate private (i.e. individual) donations of cash, time and in-kind items to humanitarian organizations. First, we examine private donors’ incentives to donate and briefly integrate the existing literature on private donations into the disaster management cycle framework. Second, we review the research on private donations of cash, time and in-kind items and identify open research gaps. Future research avenues on private donations in the humanitarian setting include online channels such as crowdfunding platforms, the variability of volunteers’ skills and experience, and an empirical approach to study people and material convergence after a disaster.
Predicting Colorectal Cancer Screening among Adults Who Have Never Been Screened: Testing the Interaction between Message Framing and Tailored Risk Feedback.

Providing adults tailored risk estimates of getting colorectal cancer (CRC) can increase screening. A concern is that receipt of lower risk estimates will demotivate screening; this effect may be c...
Modifiers and Mediators of Craniosynostosis Severity Revealed by Differential Gene Expression

Severity of craniosynostosis in humans varies widely even in patients with identical genetic mutations. In this study we compared RNA sequencing data from cranial tissues of a severe form of Crouzon craniosynostosis syndrome (C57BL/6 FGFR2C342Y/+ mice) with those of a less severe form of Crouzon craniosynostosis (BALB/c FGFR2C342Y/+ mice) to identify genetic modifiers that influence craniosynostosis phenotype severity. Comparison of the mice revealed neonatal onset of coronal suture fusion in the form of suture obliteration in C57BL/6 mice (88% incidence, p<.001 between genotypes). Coronal suture fusion in the form of point fusions across the suture occurred at approximately 4 weeks after birth, with less severe skull shape abnormalities, in BALB/c mice. Substantially fewer genes were differentially expressed in BALB/c FGFR2+/+ vs. FGFR2C342Y/+ mice (87 out of 15,893 expressed genes) than C57BL/6 FGFR2C+/+ vs. FGFR2C342Y/+ mice (2,043 out of 19,097 expressed genes). Further investigation revealed differential expression of coronal suture fusion associated genes, eph/ephrin boundary genes, cell proliferation genes, osteoblast differentiation genes and epigenetic regulators, among others. The most striking pattern in the data was the minimal change in gene expression seen for most genes in BALB/c FGFR2+/+ vs. FGFR2C342Y/+ mice. Analysis of protein processing and lysosomal components support the hypothesis that the craniosynostosis phenotype is less severe in BALB/c mice because the mutant FGFR2C342Y protein is not expressed to the same extent as that seen in C57BL/6 mice. Together, these results suggest that a strategy aimed at increasing degradation of the mutant receptor or downstream signaling inhibition could lead to diminished phenotype severity.
His bundle pacing: troubleshooting at implantation

His bundle pacing produces electrocardiograms (ECGs) that give the impression that it is physiological like no other form of cardiac pacing requiring ventricular stimulation. Several special features of the implantation technique of a His bundle lead that distinguish it significantly from the implantation of other endocardial leads need to be considered. This overview provides a number of practical “hands-on” tips and tricks, from implantation set-up (12-lead ECG, no electrophysiology unit, no His bundle catheter), venous access, handling of delivery catheters and leads, interpretation of intracardiac electrograms, fluoroscopy and the surface ECG, finding the optimal pacing site, and implantation of the lead to fine-tuning and troubleshooting of difficult implantations and lead dislodgement. This review should help to facilitate the implantation of His bundle leads, shorten the learning curve and help to improve implantation results.
Going mobile with primary care: smartphone-telemedicine for asthma management in young urban adults (TEAMS).

The majority of adults with persistent asthma have chronically uncontrolled disease and interventions to improve outcomes are needed. We evaluated the efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of a ...
Inbreeding Depression in Genotypically Matched Diploid and Tetraploid Maize

The genetic and molecular basis of heterosis has long been studied but without a consensus about mechanism. The opposite effect, inbreeding depression, results from repeated self-pollination and leads to a reduction in vigor. A popular explanation for this reaction is the homozygosis of recessive, slightly deleterious alleles upon inbreeding. However, extensive studies in alfalfa indicated that inbreeding between diploids and autotetraploids was similar despite the fact that homozygosis of alleles would be dramatically different. The availability of tetraploid lines of maize generated directly from various inbred lines provided the opportunity to examine this issue in detail in perfectly matched diploid and tetraploid hybrids and their parallel inbreeding regimes. Identical hybrids at the diploid and tetraploid levels were inbred in triplicate for seven generations. At the conclusion of this regime, F1 hybrids and selected representative generations (S1, S3, S5, S7) were characterized phenotypically in randomized blocks during the same field conditions. Quantitative measures of the multiple generations of inbreeding provided little evidence for a distinction in the decline of vigor between the diploids and the tetraploids. The results suggest that the homozygosis of completely recessive, slightly deleterious alleles is an inadequate hypothesis to explain inbreeding depression in general.
Imaging Mass Spectrometry and Lectin Analysis of N-linked Glycans in Carbohydrate Antigen Defined Pancreatic Cancer Tissues.

Abstract The early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a complex clinical obstacle yet is key to improving the overall likelihood of patient survival. Current and prospective carbohydrate biomarkers carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and sialylated tumor-related antigen (sTRA) are sufficient for surveilling disease progression yet are not approved for delineating PDAC from other abdominal cancers and noncancerous pancreatic pathologies. To further understand these glycan epitopes, an imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) approach was used to assess the N-glycome of the human pancreas and pancreatic cancer in a cohort of patients with PDAC represented by tissue microarrays and whole-tissue sections. Orthogonally, these same tissues were characterized by multiround immunofluorescence that defined expression of CA19-9 and sTRA as well as other lectins toward carbohydrate epitopes with the potential to improve PDAC diagnosis. These analyses revealed distinct differences not only in N-glycan spatial localization across both healthy and diseased tissues but importantly between different biomarker-categorized tissue samples. Unique sulfated biantennary N-glycans were detected specifically in normal pancreatic islets. N-glycans from CA19-9–expressing tissues tended to be biantennary, triantennary, and tetra-antennary structures with both core and terminal fucose residues and bisecting GlcNAc. These N-glycans were detected in less abundance in sTRA-expressing tumor tissues, which favored triantennary and tetra-antennary structures with polylactosamine extensions. Increased sialylation of N-glycans was detected in all tumor tissues. A candidate new biomarker derived from IMS was further explored by fluorescence staining with selected lectins on the same tissues. The lectins confirmed the expression of the epitopes in cancer cells and revealed different tumor-associated staining patterns between glycans with bisecting GlcNAc and those with terminal GlcNAc. Thus, the combination of lectin-immunohistochemistry and lectin-IMS techniques produces more complete information for tumor classification than the individual analyses alone. These findings potentiate the development of early assessment technologies to rapidly and specifically identify PDAC in the clinic that may directly impact patient outcomes.
Legal Limbo as Subordination: Immigrants, Caste, and the Precarity of Liminal Status in the Trump Era

This Article describes the ways in which prolonged states of legal limbo have grown more precarious, and thereby subordinating, under the Trump Administration. Liminal forms of status have long been a feature of U.S. immigration law. But under the Trump Administration, legal limbo grew both in prevalence and precarity. Due to Trump’s pursuit of an aggressive enforcement agenda, the legal system has become so overwhelmed that non-detained immigrants find themselves in protracted removal proceedings that routinely last for years. During this time, immigrants are consigned to a marginalized existence that harms their long-term ability to achieve social and economic mobility and integration. In this way, legal limbo has become increasingly tied to the creation and maintenance of a caste system in U.S. society. This Article offers a new conceptual framework, the “spectrum of precarity,” to analyze how and to what extent various types of liminal legal status in immigration law operate to marginalize immigrants. Application of this spectrum to the states of limbo experienced by immigrants under the Obama and Trump Administrations reveals very different approaches and outcomes. President Obama created liminal forms of legal status through specific policies and programs: administrative closure and the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program (DACA). These efforts were explicitly designed to provide immigrants with a measure of social integration along with protection from deportation. In contrast, immigrants in the Trump Era found themselves in limbo due to ballooning backlogs in the over-burdened legal immigration system. As a result, at the close of the Trump Administration, immigrants with pending visas and asylum-seekers live in a state of prolonged uncertainty and fear that forces them into a marginalized existence in the shadows. This state of affairs poses a challenge for removal defense attorneys of non-detained immigrants, and calls into question the due process framework that often serves as a guiding structure for advocates in the immigration system. Due process, with its focus on discrete legal events and its failure to pay sufficient attention to the passage of time, risks causing attorneys to become accomplices in the creation of caste. Instead, in the current dysfunctional and disempowering legal immigration system, removal defense attorneys must seek to counterbalance the marginalizing effects of legal limbo on their clients’ daily lives and future trajectories through multi-faceted, interdisciplinary, and community-based models of lawyering.