cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Range assignment for biconnectivity and k -edge connectivity in wireless ad hoc networks

Depending on whether bidirectional links or unidirectional links are used for communications, the network topology under a given range assignment is either an undirected graph referred to as the bidirectional topology, or a directed graph referred to as the unidirectional topology. The Min-Power Bidirectional (resp., Unidirectional) k-Node Connectivity problem seeks a range assignment of minimum total power subject to the constraint that the produced bidirectional (resp. unidirectional) topology is k-vertex connected. Similarly, the Min-Power Bidirectional (resp., Unidirectional) k-Edge Connectivity problem seeks a range assignment of minimum total power subject to the constraint the produced bidirectional (resp., unidirectional) topology is k-edge connected.The Min-Power Bidirectional Biconnectivity problem and the Min-Power Bidirectional Edge-Biconnectivity problem have been studied by Lloyd et al. [23]. They show that range assignment based the approximation algorithm of Khuller and Raghavachari [18], which we refer to as Algorithm KR, has an approximation ratio of at most 2(2-2/n)(2 + 1/n) for Min-Power Bidirectional Biconnectivity, and range assignment based on the approximation algorithm of Khuller and Vishkin [19], which we refer to as Algorithm KV, has an approximation ratio of at most 8(1-1/n) for Min-Power Bidirectional Edge-Biconnectivity.In this paper, we first establish the NP-hardness of Min-Power Bidirectional (Edge-) Biconnectivity. Then we show that Algorithm KR has an approximation ratio of at most 4 for both Min-Power Bidirectional Biconnectivity and Min-Power Unidirectional Biconnectivity, and Algorithm KV has an approximation ratio of at most 2k for both Min-Power Bidirectional k-Edge Connectivity and Min-Power Unidirectional k-Edge Connectivity. We also propose a new simple constant-approximation algorithm for both Min-Power Bidirectional Biconnectivity and Min-Power Unidirectional Biconnectivity. This new algorithm applies only to Euclidean instances, but is best suited for distributed implementation.
Electron Spectra from Collisions of O - and O with Helium

Three new autodetaching states of ${\mathrm{O}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ have been found and an electron configuration has been assigned one of two previously observed transitions. This gives a total of five known autodetaching states of ${\mathrm{O}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. Transitions from these states appear as peaks in the spectrum of electrons produced in collisions of ${\mathrm{O}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ions with a helium target. These peaks lie at 9.50, 10.11, 10.87, 12.12, and 13.71\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 eV. The electron spectrum produced by collisions of neutral O with helium shows four autoionizing series of oxygen lying just above the first ionization potential.
A ternary modulation code for suppression of intrachannel nonlinear effects in high-speed optical transmission

The paper proposes a novel approach to suppressing intrachannel nonlinear effects; it is based on ternary modulation codes. Significant Q-factor improvement, ranging from 4.5 to 7 dB (depending on number of spans), is obtained.
Synthesis of 2-(trimethylsilyl)-1,3-butadienes

Abstract The reactions of trimethylsilyl-substituted α-allenic alcohols with lithium aluminum hydride afforded 2-(trimethylsilyl)-1,3-butadienes.
Representations of locally finite groups

The purpose of this paper is to give a brief general account of the completely reducible finite-dimensional representations of a locally finite group G over a given algebraically closed field K. Theorem 1 shows that all such representations of G can be brought down to the algebraic closure F in K of the prime field of K. This reduces all further considerations in this account to countable groups. Theorem 2 characterizes the existence of a faithful completely reducible representation of G of degree n over K in terms of the existence of such representations for appropriate finite subgroups of G. Throughout the paper, G denotes a locally finite group, K denotes an arbitrary algebraically closed field and F denotes the algebraic closure in K of the prime field of K. F denotes an w-dimensional vector space over K. An F-form of V is an -F-subspace W of V such that W and K are linearly disjoint over K and Vis the X-span of W. (Equivalently, an F-form of V is the i^-span of a basis of V.) Il A is an Falgebra, AK denotes the algebra A®pK.
Association of Parkinson Disease Risk Loci With Mild Parkinsonian Signs in Older Persons

Importance Parkinsonian motor signs are common in the aging population and are associated with adverse health outcomes. Compared with Parkinson disease (PD), potential genetic risk factors for mild parkinsonian signs have been largely unexplored. Objective To determine whether PD susceptibility loci are associated with parkinsonism or substantia nigra pathology in a large community-based cohort of older persons. Design, Setting, and Participants Eighteen candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms from PD genome-wide association studies were evaluated in a joint clinicopathologic cohort. Participants included 1698 individuals and a nested autopsy collection of 821 brains from the Religious Orders Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project, 2 prospective community-based studies. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were a quantitative measure of global parkinsonism or component measures of bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and gait impairment that were based on the motor Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. In secondary analyses, we examined associations with additional quantitative motor traits and postmortem indices, including substantia nigra Lewy bodies and neuronal loss. Results Parkinson disease risk alleles in the MAPT (rs2942168; P = .0006) and CCDC62 (rs12817488; P = .004) loci were associated with global parkinsonism, and these associations remained after exclusion of patients with a PD diagnosis. Based on motor Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale subscores, MAPT ( P = .0002) and CCDC62 ( P = .003) were predominantly associated with bradykinesia, and we further discovered associations between SREBF1 (rs11868035; P = .005) and gait impairment, SNCA (rs356220; P = .04) and rigidity, and GAK (rs1564282; P = .03) and tremor. In the autopsy cohort, only NMD3 (rs34016896; P = .03) was related to nigral neuronal loss, and no associations were detected with Lewy bodies. Conclusions and Relevance In addition to the established link to PD susceptibility, our results support a broader role for several loci in the development of parkinsonian motor signs and nigral pathology in older persons.
Turnpike Results for Single Location Capacity Expansion

We consider the problem of selecting capacity additions from a finite set of possible facility sizes to meet demand at a single location over an infinite horizon. The problem is motivated and illustrated by an application to the planning for the deployment of long haul transmission facilities in the nationwide intercity telephone network. Under the assumption that demand grows at an increasing rate, taken to be exponential for purposes of exposition, we prove a “turnpike theorem” which characterizes the optimal policy as one in which the least average cost facility is eventually the only optimal facility type installed over the infinite horizon. This structural result, together with an efficient algorithm for solving the finite horizon problem, which has been implemented in a facilities network planning tool known as OFNPS, leads to a constructive algorithm for finding the optimal first facility for the infinite horizon problem. The approach avoids the end of study effects inherent in a finite horizon approach to the problem.
Spectroscopic Characterization of the Geminal Isomer of Lewisite

Abstract Lewisite is generally a mixture of several components with the trans isomer of lewisite being the predominant compound. A geminal isomer has not been previously reported as one of the components of the mixture. In the lewisite samples we examined, the geminal isomer, dichloro(l-chlorovinyl)arsine, comprised 2.7 per cent of the total material compared to 95.2 and less than 1 per cent, respectively, for the trans and cis isomers. The remaining fraction was not identified. The geminal isomer of lewisite has been characterized along with the trans and cis isomers using several spectroscopic techniques. Proton NMR of the geminal isomer produced a coupling constant consistent with vinylic protons in a geminal configuration. Mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy characterizations were based on an ethanedithiol derivative of the lewisite isomers with gas chromatography used to first separate the derivatized isomers. The electron ionization massspectra of the trans and cis derivatives were very simi...
Diagnosis and treatment of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Abstract Uncontrolled expansion of donor-derived Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B cells has become a significant problem in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations. Major risk factors for the early development of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease include the use of unrelated or HLA-mismatched related donors, selective T-cell depletion of donor marrow, and the use of antithymocyte globulin or monoclonal anti-T-cell antibodies for the prophylaxis and treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease. Over the past few years, the administration of in vitro-generated EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells or anti-B-cell monoclonal antibodies has provided effective options for the prophylaxis or treatment of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease. Advances in quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based assays allow both the precise measurement of EBV load in peripheral blood samples and the identification of high-risk patients for early initiation of therapy. A major remaining challenge is to assess the significance of an elevated EBV load posttransplantation and to determine the indications for preemptive treatment. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2002;8(1):1-8.
Relationship Between the Specificity of IgA Proteases and Serotypes in Haemophilus influenzae

Haemophilus influenzae is one of five bacterial species known to produce IgA proteases, enzymes that specifically cleave the human IgA1 heavy chain. Strains of H. influenzae produce three distinct types of IgA proteases that cleave different peptide bonds within the IgA1 hinge region. Type 1 protease cleaves the prolyl-seryl bond at position 231-232; type 2 protease cleaves the prolyl-threonyl bond at position 235-236, the same bond attacked by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis type 2 proteases. Type 3 protease yields a unique double Fd cleavage pattern; the exact peptide bonds cleaved have not been determined. The type of protease produced correlates with the serotype, but not with the biotype, of the isolate; serotypes A, B, D, and F produce primarily type 1 protease, whereas serotypes C and E produce only type 2 enzyme. Each nontypable strain yields one of the three protease types. These data further extend our knowledge of the extreme specificity of the IgA proteases and suggest that IgA protease type may be useful in the taxonomy and epidemiology of H. influenzae.
Thermal stability of amorphous Ni-Nb on semiconductor substrates

Abstract The thermal stability of amorphous metal films is of prime importance in high temperature semiconductor device applications. Suitable thin film deposits of amorphous Ni-Nb, 58 at % Ni have been prepared by sputter deposition onto Si, GaAs, and GaP substrates. The amorphous character and crystallization behavior of the films have been monitored by x-ray diffraction (XRD). Polycrystalline Au and Ni overlayers were found to lower the NiNb crystallization temperature by about 100 and 150°C, respectively. In addition, Auger depth profiles were used to monitor the various interdiffusion reactions between the amorphous metal, polycrystalline metal overlayers and semiconductor substrates. For example, the feasibility of NiNb as a diffusion barrier between Au and a semiconductor substrate was found to depend on the substrate. Following a one hour 500°C anneal, very little interdiffusion was observed in the Au/NiNb/Si system. However on a GaAs or GaP substrate the Au and NiNb interdiffused extensively. These studies have demonstrated the viability of amorphous metal films as effective diffusion barriers in semiconductor contact applications, but emphasize the need for careful selection of compatible material combinations.
Is there a fundic factor which regulates G cells in the antrum

Abstract Both surgical fundusectomy and pharmacologic acid inhibition have been shown to produce antral G cell hyperplasia in rats. Fundusectomy has also been shown to be a reliable, reproducible means to produce hypergastrinemia. In contrast, treatment of animals with famotidine, a histamine H 2 receptor antagonist, or omeprazole, a H+—K+-ATPase enzyme inhibitor, failed to produce hypergastrinemia. This suggests that elimination of acid inhibition may not be the sole mechanism of hypergastrinemia after fundusectomy. We hypothesized that removal of the gastric fundus may remove a factor which controls G cell activity.
Flat-type metal residue-induced metal line bridge

As the device feature size continues to shrink, the restriction of particles size is more critical. More effective tools are needed to identify the shaped and the contents of particles, then take corrective actions. In this paper, the source and formation of the flat type metal residue that cause metal line bridge were identified by KLA scan defect inspector and optical microscope review. The duplication of this flat type metal residue also has been achieved. And the effective monitor tool is provided in the paper to prevent the particle forming.
Automated, long-range, night/day, active-SWIR face recognition system

Covert, long-range, night/day identification of stationary human subjects using face recognition has been previously demonstrated using the active-SWIR Tactical Imager for Night/Day Extended-Range Surveillance (TINDERS) system. TINDERS uses an invisible, eye-safe, SWIR laser illuminator to produce high-quality facial imagery under conditions ranging from bright sunlight to total darkness. The recent addition of automation software to TINDERS has enabled the autonomous identification of moving subjects at distances greater than 100 m. Unlike typical cooperative, short range face recognition scenarios, where positive identification requires only a single face image, the SWIR wavelength, long distance, and uncontrolled conditions mean that positive identification requires fusing the face matching results from multiple captured images of a single subject. Automation software is required to initially detect a person, lock on and track the person as they move, and select video frames containing high-quality frontal face images for processing. Fusion algorithms are required to combine the matching results from multiple frames to produce a high-confidence match. These automation functions will be described, and results showing automated identification of moving subjects, night and day, at multiple distances will be presented.
Assessment of Capital Requirements for Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Under the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles Program

An assessment of the capital requirements associated with six different fuels in light-duty vehicles being developed by the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles to achieve tripled fuel economy is presented. The six fuels include two petroleum-based fuels (reformulated gasoline and low-sulfur diesel) and four alternative fuels (methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, and hydrogen). Estimates of the cumulative capital needs for establishing fuel production and distribution infrastructure to accommodate the fuel needs of tripled fuel economy (3X) vehicles are developed. Two levels of fuel volume—11 000 m3 (70,000 barrels) per day and 254 000 m3 (1.6 million barrels) per day—were established for meeting 3X-vehicle fuel demand. As expected, infrastructure capital needs for the high fuel demand level are much higher than for the low fuel demand level. Between fuel production infrastructure and distribution infrastructure, capital needs for the former far exceed those for the latter. Among the four alternativ...
Optimal strapdown attitude integration algorithms

The paper examines various algorithms for integrating the noncommutivity rate equation arising in the implementation of the attitude reference function of a strapdown inertial navigation system, and derives a class of optimized algorithms for performing this integration. The accuracy characteristics associated with each of the algorithms, when the system is exposed to pure coning motion, as well as to a generalized vibrational environment, are defined. The class of optimized algorithms is shown to minimize the mean error in the correction provided by the algorithm in a generalized vibrational environment.
Rainfall and its seasonality over the Amazon in the 21st century as assessed by the coupled models for the IPCC AR4

[1] The global climate models for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4) predict very different changes of rainfall over the Amazon under the SRES A1B scenario for global climate change. Five of the eleven models predict an increase of annual rainfall, three models predict a decrease of rainfall, and the other three models predict no significant changes in the Amazon rainfall. We have further examined two models. The UKMO-HadCM3 model predicts an El Nino-like sea surface temperature (SST) change and warming in the northern tropical Atlantic which appear to enhance atmospheric subsidence and consequently reduce clouds over the Amazon. The resultant increase of surface solar absorption causes a stronger surface sensible heat flux and thus reduces relative humidity of the surface air. These changes decrease the rate and length of wet season rainfall and surface latent heat flux. This decreased wet season rainfall leads to drier soil during the subsequent dry season, which in turn can delay the transition from the dry to wet season. GISS-ER predicts a weaker SST warming in the western Pacific and the southern tropical Atlantic which increases moisture transport and hence rainfall in the Amazon. In the southern Amazon and Nordeste where the strongest rainfall increase occurs, the resultant higher soil moisture supports a higher surface latent heat flux during the dry and transition season and leads to an earlier wet season onset.
Reduced Methylprednisolone Clearance Causing Prolonged Pharmacodynamics in a Healthy Subject Was Not Associated With CYP3A5*3 Allele or a Change in Diet Composition

The influence of diet and genetics was investigated in a healthy white person who had distinctly low methylprednisolone clearance. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameter values were similar on 2 occasions during the consumption of a low-carbohydrate diet and a Weight Watchers diet, indicating that the decreased clearance was unlikely attributable to a change in diet composition. Although the subject was found to be homozygous for CYP3A5*3, genetic findings were not significant for a number of other CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 allelic variants. Because of the high prevalence of CYP3A5*3/*3 in whites and because 5 of 7 white control subjects are also homozygous for CYP3A5*3, this genotype cannot fully explain the reduced metabolism of the drug. Other genetic or contributing factors might have been involved. New polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping methods for functionally defective CYP3A5*6, *8, *9, and *10 alleles were developed in this study. These assays will be useful for CYP3A5 genotype analysis in future clinical studies.
Adenosine diphosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase activities of maize tonoplast-enriched vesicles.

Abstract Microsomal fraction enriched with tonoplast vesicles was obtained from maize root (Zea mays L. FRB 73) by sucrose step gradient centri‐fugation. The vesicles contained an adenosine diphosphatase (ADPase) activity as determined by the hydrolysis of Mg‐ADP. The ADPase and adenosine triphospha‐tase (ATPase) of the fraction have different sensitivities toward several modifiers. ADPase activity was not sensitive to nitrate, N,N'‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), diethylstilbestrol (DES), and azide, but partially sensitive to vanadate and molybdate. In contrast, ATPase was very sensitive to nitrate, DCCD, and DES, but not to vanadate, azide, and molybdate. The presence of 2'‐or (3')‐trinitrophenol adenosine 5'‐diphosphate (TNP‐ADP) significantly reduced ADPase activity but not that of the ATPase activity. On the other hand, the addition of TNP‐ATP abolished ATPase activity but not the ADPase activity. Since the influence of these modifiers to the activities are different, the binding and the hydrolysis ...
Dynamics of bubbles and entrained particles in the rotating fluidized bed

Trajectories of bubbles and entrained particles in the rotating fluidized bed were obtained from equations expressing a balance among inertial, centrifugal, Coriolis, gravity and drag forces. The solutions led to information on the behavior of isolated bubbles, bubbles swarms and the elutriation characteristics of the rotating fluidized bed.
NYD-SP18 is associated with obesity in the NHLBI Family Heart Study

The NHLBI Family Heart Study (FHS) genome-wide linkage scan identified a region of chromosome 7q with a logarithm of odds score of 4.9 for body mass index (BMI). We report the results of fine mapping the linkage peak using 1020 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to test for association to obesity in families exhibiting linkage to chromosome 7. Association observed in linked families (284 obese cases/381 controls) was examined in an independent set of unrelated FHS participants (172 obese cases/308 controls) to validate the observed association. Two dichotomous obesity phenotypes were studied based on clinical BMI cutoffs and the sex-specific distribution of both BMI and leptin levels. Using a P-value of 0.01 as criteria for association in the linked families, a P-value of 0.05 as criteria for association in the unrelated sample, and requiring consistency in the direction of the effect of the minor allele between the two samples, we identified two coding SNPs in the NYD-SP18 gene with minor alleles increasing the risk of obesity. Adjustment for exercise, smoking and FTO genotype did not influence the result in linked families, but improved the result in the unrelated sample. Carrying a minor allele of the nonsynonymous SNP rs6971091 conferred an odds ratio of at least 2 for obesity defined by both BMI and leptin levels. The effect of the NYD-SP18 SNP on obesity was larger than the effect of FTO in FHS families. Publicly available results from genome-wide association studies support the association between NYD-SP18 and BMI. The NYD-SP18 gene is described as testes development related, but little is known about the gene's function or the mechanism by which it may influence risk for obesity.
Developmental and diel changes in plasma thyroxine and plasma and ocular melatonin in the larval and juvenile bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana.

Abstract Diel variation in plasma thyroxine (T 4 ), and plasma and ocular melatonin was studied in Rana catesbeiana tadpoles and postmetamorphic froglets on 12:12 and 6:18 light/dark (LD) regimens. A progressive rise in plasma T 4 initiates metamorphosis while melatonin can modulate metamorphic progress. Changes in the phase of the rhythms of these two hormones during development might influence the hormonal regulation of metamorphosis. The hormones studied exhibited LD cycle-specific diel fluctuations except in froglet plasma T 4 and all hormones at prometamorphosis on 6L:18D. On 12L:12D, plasma T 4 and ocular melatonin peaked during the scotophase at prometamorphosis and early climax, whereas the plasma melatonin acrophase shifted from the light to the dark at climax. A nocturnal peak of plasma melatonin closely correlated with the onset and offset of dark appeared in the froglet, while the peak of ocular melatonin shifted to the light. Compared to 12L:12D, the peaks of the diel fluctuations on 6L:18D occurred later than on 12L:12D in synchrony with an earlier onset, and increase in length, of the scotophase. The phase of the hormone rhythms changed during metamorphosis in such a way that the peaks of melatonin had a different relationship to the T 4 peaks as development proceeded. On both LD cycles, the 24-h mean of plasma T 4 rose at climax and fell in the froglet whereas plasma melatonin decreased at climax and then rose to a high level in the froglet. After only minor changes during metamorphosis, froglet ocular melatonin levels decreased on 12L:12D and increased on 6L:18D. The findings indicate that the hormonal flux during metamorphosis has circadian aspects, which might explain variations in the response to exogenous hormone treatment at different times of the day and LD cycle-specific timing of development. A fall in plasma melatonin at climax appears to be as much a part of the hormonal changes of metamorphosis as a rise in plasma T 4 .
Non-Wesleyan Methodist Schools: A Neglected Group of Elementary Day Schools.

Cet article explore les autres ramifications du Methodisme anglais base sur des perspectives differentes des Wesleyens et qui a apporte une importante contribution au developpement des ecoles elementaires en Angleterre. La periode etudiee s'etend du milieu du XIXe siecle jusqu'a 1932...
Cancer warnings on alcohol: is cancer the issue and are labels the solution?

In the current issue of American Journal of Bioethics, Louise and colleagues provide an interesting and compelling overview of the ethical issues surrounding the use of warning labels on alcoholic ...
The application of autopoiesis in systems analysis : are autopoietic systems also social systems ?

Autopoietic systems are “self-producing” systems. The concepts of the autopoietic nature of a system were developed by Varela et al 8 based upon a living, biological, system. To illustrate the diversity of autopoiesis in its application to systems analysis, three systems (a eukaryotic cell, an osmotic precipitation membrane, and the human family) have been defined and analyzed using the six-point key, criteria, of Varela et al. Conclusions have been drawn as to the autopoietic nature of each system. Varela et al.'s criteria as they have been applied to a biological (living) system can be applied to other systems (e.g.. chemical, spontaneous social) that are not currently considered as “living” and this may have a profound effect on the way “living organization” is defined and/or viewed. The very question of autopoiesis in spontaneous social systems is irrelevant. Not only are spontaneous social systems autopoietic but a stronger relation exists where “All autopoietic, and therefore all biological (living)...
Temperature sensitive mutants of bacteriophage φ6 defective in both transcription and replication

Abstract One hundred sixteen temperature-sensitive mutants of bacteriophage φ6 induced by nitrosoguanidine were assigned to three “complementation-recombination” groups containing 11, 90, and 15 mutants. The groups were defined on the basis of the ability to produce zones of lysis on plates at the nonpermissive temperature, 28°. Two members of the first group, ts 51 and ts 81, were defective in viral RNA synthesis and late viral protein synthesis at 28°. Cells mixedly infected with the two mutants could make both viral RNA and late viral proteins at 28°, indicating that the two mutations are in different cistrons. Cells infected with either ts 51 or ts 81 at 18° for 40 min, then shifted up to 28°, cease synthesis of all viral RNA. Thus, products of the two cistrons defined by ts 51 and ts 81 are directly required for all φ6 transcription and replication. Processing of full-length single strands to lower molecular weight fragments, previously shown to require concomitant protein synthesis, was found not to require concomitant RNA synthesis.
An adaptive information fusion model to predict the short-term link travel time distribution in dynamic traffic networks

As intelligent transportation systems (ITS) approach the realm of widespread deployment, there is an increasing need to robustly capture the variability of link travel time in real-time to generate reliable predictions of real-time traffic conditions. This study proposes an adaptive information fusion model to predict the short-term link travel time distribution by iteratively combining past information on link travel time on the current day with the real-time link travel time information available at discrete time points. The past link travel time information is represented as a discrete distribution. The real-time link travel time is represented as a range, and is characterized using information quality in terms of information accuracy and time delay. A nonlinear programming formulation is used to specify the adaptive information fusion model to update the short-term link travel time distribution by focusing on information quality. The model adapts good information by weighing it higher while shielding the effects of bad information by reducing its weight. Numerical experiments suggest that the proposed model adequately represents the short-term link travel time distribution in terms of accuracy and robustness, while ensuring consistency with ambient traffic flow conditions. Further, they illustrate that the mean of a representative short-term travel time distribution is not necessarily a good tracking indicator of the actual (ground truth) time-dependent travel time on that link. Parametric sensitivity analysis illustrates that information accuracy significantly influences the model, and dominates the effects of time delay and the consistency constraint parameter. The proposed information fusion model bridges key methodological gaps in the ITS deployment context related to information fusion and the need for short-term travel time distributions.
How language communities intersect: Is “superdiversity” an incremental or transformative condition?

Abstract Historical linguistic phenomena attest to plurilingual social formations at the intersection of two or more language communities, as do the emergence in many places of jargons, pidgins, and creoles. From such evidence in local language communities that have survived at the peripheries of imperial and currently globalizing projects, scholars projectively reconstruct the nature of such plurilingual social formations – speech communities with complex communicative economies. Counter to now centuries of ideologically informed Enlightenment dogmas policing and shaping language as a cultural object in the West, contemporary sociolinguistics finds that such phenomena that have emerged in the investigation of peripheral local language communities have now gone mainstream at the metropole.
PREDICTORS OF RESPONSE TO RADIOIODINE THERAPY IN HYPERTHYROID CATS

The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate hyperthyroid cats for pretreatment factors that would predict response to radioiodine therapy. Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in 193 cats based on elevated serum thyroxine levels and/or elevated thyroid to salivary gland ratios on thyroid scintigraphy. All cats were treated with an intravenous bolus of 4 mCi of radioiodine and follow-up serum thyroxine levels were evaluated at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-therapy. There was a significant relationship between pretreatment thyroxine values and post-treatment thyroxine values at all of the follow-up time points (p < 0.001). There was also a relationship between thyroid to salivary gland technetium scan ratio results and serum thyroxine values at pretreatment and at 1 week post-treatment (p = 0.02, 0.005, respectively). A greater scan ratio was associated with higher thyroxine levels at these time points, but not at 1,3, 6 or 12 months post-therapy. Ninety-eight cats pretreated with methimazole were analyzed for the effect of this drug on response to therapy. Methimazole was discontinued ≥5 days before radioiodine therapy in 58 cats and <5 days in 31 cats, in 9 cats the number of days off methimazole was unknown. There was no difference in response to radioiodine based upon when methimazole was discontinued (p = 0.70).
Acoustic tomographic monitoring of the atmospheric surface layer

Abstract Acoustic tomography is proposed as a method for monitoring near-surface atmospheric temperature and wind velocity fields. Basic issues relating to the feasibility and implementation of atmospheric tomography are discussed. Among these issues are the causes of fluctuations in acoustic signals propagated through the atmosphere, appropriate spatial dimensions of an array, signal detection and processing techniques, mathematical inverse techniques and their numerical implementation, and whether or not tomography m provide measures of dynamical variables of interest to atmospheric scientists. Surface-layer, horizontal-slice tomography was implemented experimentally, with an array of three sources and seven receivers distributed over a region approximately 200 m square. Travel-time fluctuations at the receivers were used to reconstruct the temperature and wind fields with about 50-m resolution in the horizontal plane.
Effect on pregnancy rate of nonestrus insemination in previously inseminated dairy cows.

Abstract Lactating dairy cows (n = 157) designated for slaughter under the 1986 U.S. Dairy Termination Program were utilized in two trials to determine the effects of a second insemination on fertility. Cows that had been previously inseminated at estrus were inseminated again at 12–24 d later, when not in estrus. Cows that were reinseminated into the uterine body had significantly lower pregnancy rates (4% vs 40.6% for controls). Differences in pregnancy rates when the reinsemination was performed in the mid-cervical region were not significant (34.8% vs 50% for controls). Based upon these studies, intrauterine insemination of cows displaying questionable signs of estrus should be avoided in previously inseminated cows.
Inhaled nitric oxide in infants >1500 g and <34 weeks gestation with severe respiratory failure

Inhaled nitric oxide in infants >1500 g and <34 weeks gestation with severe respiratory failure
Cocaine-seeking behavior in a genetic model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder following adolescent methylphenidate or atomoxetine treatments.

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often comorbid with cocaine abuse. Controversy exists regarding long-term consequences of ADHD medications on cocaine abuse liability. Whereas childhood methylphenidate treatment may be preventative, methylphenidate in teens appears to further increase later cocaine abuse risk. In rodents, adolescent methylphenidate treatment further increases adult cocaine self-administration in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) model of ADHD, whereas adolescent atomoxetine treatment does not. Effects of ADHD medications on cocaine cue reactivity, a critical component of addiction, are unknown.
Tailoring Microporosity in Covalent Organic Frameworks

The microporosity of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is tailored using a facile synthetic approach that introduces alkyl functionalities into the pore and generates networks with pore diameters between 1-2 nm. The added substituents significantly alter the host-guest properties of the resulting materials.
Advances in Leadership Computing [Guest editors' introduction]

The guest editors present the first part of a two-part special issue on leadership computing.
Abstract PR1: Integrating expression data improves mutational significance analysis of lung squamous carcinoma

In contrast to lung adenocarcinoma in which a driving and potentially targetable genetic aberration can be identified in excess of 50% of tumors, only 10% can be found in squamous cell lung cancer, the second most common type of lung cancer, none of which are druggable by an approved targeted therapy. Our limited knowledge regarding targetable genetic alterations in squamous cell lung cancer is the result of a lack of detailed genomic study of this disease and the lack of experimental validation of identified putative therapeutic targets. We have analyzed exome sequencing data to identify novel driving mutations in 184 lung squamous cell carcinomas using previously successful methods (Integrated genomic analyses of ovarian carcinoma, Nature 2011), but these analyses are confounded by an unusually high mutation rate, 8-9/Mb on average, some reaching as many as 80/Mb. Many of the most significantly mutated genes in the analysis are unlikely related to the pathogenesis of the disease based on a lack of expression in lung and known role in cancer, suggesting that genes which are not expressed (or minimally expressed) escape negative selection and result in a higher mutation density as compared with expressed genes. Here, we present a method integrating expression and mutation data in order to more accurately determine the significance of a mutated gene based on the expression subclass in which it falls and the frequency at which it9s mutated relative to our expectation; unexpressed genes are likely much more tolerant of mutations and should therefore have a higher expected background mutation rate. Analyses of this kind have removed many of the genes putatively irrelevant in this cancer type and have identified many biologically plausible novel genes that to date are unlinked with lung squamous cell carcinoma. We believe this method refines an already powerful analysis for identifying significantly mutated genes in cancer with a particularly high potential for separating signal and noise in the most highly mutated cancer types. This abstract is also presented as Poster A17.
Putting in the mind versus putting on the green: Expertise, performance time, and the linking of imagery and action:

Does manipulating the time available to image executing a sensorimotor skill impact subsequent skill execution outcomes in a similar manner as manipulating execution time itself? Novice and skilled golfers performed a series of imaged golf putts followed by a series of actual golf putts under instructions that emphasized either speeded or nonspeeded imaging/putting execution. Novices putted less accurately (i.e., higher putting error score) following either putting or imagery instructions in which speed was stressed. Skilled golfers showed the opposite pattern. Although more time available to execute a skill enhances novice performance, this extra time harms the proceduralized skill of experts. Manipulating either actual execution time or imagined execution time produces this differential impact on novice and skilled performance outcomes. These results are discussed in terms of the functional equivalence between imagery and action and expertise differences in the attentional control structures governing complex sensorimotor skill execution.
Smart phones permitted: How teachers use text messaging to collaborate

The use of smart phones by teachers in K-12 education has been contentious. Although teachers are often instructed to put their phones away during instruction, teachers and students can benefit in many ways from using smart phones in the classroom. The use of information systems such as a smart phone can support knowledge sharing and collaboration opportunities not otherwise available. For example, teachers may use smart phones to collaborate with other teachers, paraprofessionals, related service providers, and parents when face-to-face time is not available. This exploratory pilot study included semi-structured interviews of five teachers at an inclusive school to investigate how smart phones were used to collaborate. Results suggest that teachers used text messaging on a regular basis to work together to make modifications, communicate about student behavior, share student work, and to review student progress regarding goals.
Defined, In-home, Prenatal Nutrition Intervention for Low-Income Women

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this project was to develop a detailed, in-home, prenatal nutrition intervention protocol for low-income women and to assess the effectiveness of the intervention in improving their dietary intake. A secondary objective was to identify predictors of infant birth weight. Design A defined protocol was developed and nutritionists followed it to conduct in-home nutrition sessions that included nutrition assessment, education, counseling, and goal setting for low-income women during their pregnancies. A pre/post design was used to assess the effects of the nutrition program on dietary intake. A control group was used in evaluating the effect of the nutrition intervention on birth weight. Subjects/setting Forty low-income pregnant women selected randomly by the county health department nursing staff completed the nutrition intervention. Twenty-six women were also selected to serve as a control group. Intervention For women in the intervention group, in-home visits were conducted weekly for 4 weeks, followed by 2 monthly visits. The purpose of the in-home visits was to use the defined protocol, which included monitoring weight gain and providing individualized dietary intake assessment and nutrition education and counseling. Main outcome measures The primary outcome measures were change in dietary intake from preintervention to postintervention, mothers' weight at time of delivery, and infant birth weight. Statistical analysis performed Paired t tests were used to compare the women's mean daily energy and nutrient intakes before and after the nutrition intervention. Correlation analysis identified relationships between infant birth weight and independent variables, and multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to identify variables that contributed to the variation in infant birth weight. Mean birth weight was compared in the intervention and control groups by means of a t test. A χ 2 test was used for categoric variables. Results Comparison of dietary intakes before and after the intervention revealed significant increases in total energy (2,269 to 2,431kcal, P P P P P P P Applications This defined, in-home, prenatal nutrition intervention protocol can be used by providers of prenatal nutrition services to document outcomes of prenatal nutrition care in high-risk women. Use of a defined protocol will facilitate collection of meaningful outcomes data by service providers. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999;99:1058–1062.
Pontoporeia Distribution Along the Keweenaw Shore of Lake Superior Affected by Copper Tailings

The sediment and benthic macroinvertebrates of a 540 km2 area of Lake Superior were examined. The amphipod Pontoporeia hoyi was by far the most abundant animal collected. A 42 km2 area devoid of P. hoyi was found near where 50 million tons of copper tailings containing metallic copper in concentrations averaging 3750 mg/kg had been dumped between 1895 and 1968. In the no-amphipod region sediment copper ranged from 395 to 1310 mg/kg, while elsewhere mean levels were 14 to 298 mg/kg. The study area was divided into five transects which had maximum densities of P. hoyi ranging from 470 to 4480/m2. The depth of maximum density ranged from 40-45 to 60-65 m. Maximum density was associated with a mean grain size of ϕ 3.5-4.0 and elevated levels of total volatile solids, nitrogen, phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand. Copper and dark color, characteristics of the copper tailings, showed significant negative correlations with P. hoyi density.
Prolactin-induced mouse mammary carcinomas model estrogen resistant luminal breast cancer

Tumors that express estrogen receptor alpha (ERα+) comprise 75% of breast cancers in women. While treatments directed against this receptor have successfully lowered mortality rates, many primary tumors initially or later exhibit resistance. The paucity of murine models of this "luminal" tumor subtype has hindered studies of factors that promote their pathogenesis and modulate responsiveness to estrogen-directed therapeutics. Since epidemiologic studies closely link prolactin and the development of ERα+ tumors in women, we examined characteristics of the aggressive ERα+ and ERα- carcinomas which develop in response to mammary prolactin in a murine transgenic model (neu-related lipocalin- prolactin (NRL-PRL)). To evaluate their relationship to clinical tumors, we determined phenotypic relationships among these carcinomas, other murine models of breast cancer, and features of luminal tumors in women. We examined a panel of prolactin-induced tumors for characteristics relevant to clinical tumors: histotype, ERα/progesterone receptor (PR) expression and estrogen responsiveness, Activating Protein 1 (AP-1) components, and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5), extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and AKT. We compared levels of transcripts in the ERα-associated "luminal" signature that defines this subtype of tumors in women and transcripts enriched in various mammary epithelial lineages to other well-studied genetically modified murine models of breast cancer. Finally, we used microarray analyses to compare prolactin-induced ERα+ and ERα- tumors, and examined responsiveness to estrogen and the anti-estrogen, Faslodex, in vivo. Prolactin-induced carcinomas were markedly diverse with respect to histotype, ERα/PR expression, and activated signaling cascades. They constituted a heterogeneous, but distinct group of murine mammary tumors, with molecular features of the luminal subtype of human breast cancer. In contrast to morphologically normal and hyperplastic structures in NRL-PRL females, carcinomas were insensitive to ERα-mediated signals. These tumors were distinct from mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-neu tumors, and contained elevated transcripts for factors associated with luminal/alveolar expansion and differentiation, suggesting that they arose from physiologic targets of prolactin. These features were shared by ERα+ and ERα- tumors, suggesting a common origin, although the former exhibited transcript profiles reflecting greater differentiation. Our studies demonstrate that prolactin can promote diverse carcinomas in mice, many of which resemble luminal breast cancers, providing a novel experimental model to examine the pathogenesis, progression and treatment responsiveness of this tumor subtype.
Lasing attempt with a microwiggler on the Los Alamos FEL

Abstract The APEX FEL normally lases near a wavelength of 3 μm using a permanent magnet wiggler with a 2.7-cm period and a linear accelerator of 40-MeV energy. Los Alamos National Laboratory is conducting a series of experiments with the goal of lasing at significantly shorter wavelengths with the same accelerator and the same kind of near-concentric resonator, but using a novel pulsed microwiggler of 0.5-cm period capable of generating a peak field of several tesla. We plan to lase on a fundamental wavelength of ∼ 0.8 μm and on the third harmonic at 0.25 μm.
Accounting for time-dependent covariates in driving simulator studies

Driving involves multiple cognitive processes that are influenced by a dynamic external environment and internal feedback loops. These processes are typically studied in a simulator environment to capture time-dependent driver performance measures. The primary objective of this research is to show that data analysis techniques that ignore or improperly treat time-dependent covariates will lead to erroneous estimates and conclusions. This is demonstrated with a driving simulator study that was used to test whether a significant decrease in performance occurs in the presence of auditory and visual distractions. A total of 28 drivers participated in a 2 (age) × 7 (strategy) repeated measures experiment. The response variable—accelerator release time—was analysed with and without consideration of time-dependent covariates. Using the inverse headway distance as a time-dependent covariate corrected logically inconsistent results obtained when the covariate was ignored. This indicates that ignoring covariates ca...