cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patterns of effective medication adherence: The role of wireless interventions

Medication non-adherence is a key and growing public health concern. About half of the annual prescriptions dispensed in the United States are not taken as prescribed. Most of the studies focus on improving medication adherence using interventions, including interventions based on wireless and mobile technologies. However, these studies measure only average medication adherence. This is helpful in understanding the high and low level of adherence between patients. However, the patterns of adherence are likely to have significant impact on the effectiveness of medications and outcomes. In this paper, we apply wireless based interventions to improve the patterns of effective medication adherence. The interventions include simple reminders, persistent reminders, and context aware reminders. As part of performance evaluation, we study if the change in adherence pattern due to reminders lead to higher or lower effective adherence. Our results show that (1) reminders can improve the pattern and average value of medication adherence, but may lead to undesirable drug events; (2) context-aware reminders can improve both the pattern and average value of adherence without increasing the undesirable drug events. The results have significant implications for medication adherence and interventions for healthcare system and researchers studying adherence and interventions.
Semantic Ambiguity in Expert Systems: The Case of Deterministic Systems

Typically with expert systems, the user is asked to assess or categorize evidence (E), based on data (D). The system is then responsible for matching that evidence (E) to the appropriate hypothesis (H). Throughout, the user provides the characterization of data as evidence for the system.
The Development of Knowledge and Skill Statements for Teachers of Students Who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing

This article describes DCCD's involvement in a project to develop a list of knowledge and skills for all beginning teachers of students who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing (D/HH). The list is designed to function as a resource to CEC's Professional Standards and Practices Committee (PSPC), the Council on Education of the Deaf (CED) and other national organizations concerned with improving education of students who are D/HH through teacher credentialing. Representatives from various national organizations concerned with the education of students who are D/HH collaborated with the Division to generate statements; survey a wider pool of professionals, teacher trainers, administrators and consumers; and finalize the list of statements for review by CEC committees. This article provides some historical background to DCCD's involvement in the project, and describes the process by which it developed its list of knowledge and skill statements. Essential knowledge and skill statements are included. Implications for th...
SiC GTO thyristor model for HVDC interface

The development of semiconductor devices is vital for the growth of power electronic systems. Modern technologies like voltage source converter (VSC) based HVDC transmission has been made possible with the advent of power semiconductor devices like GTO thyristors and their high power handling capability. Silicon carbide is the most advanced material among the available wide band gap semiconductors and most SiC devices are currently in the transition from research to manufacturing phase. This paper presents the modeling and design of a loss model for a 4H-SiC GTO thyristor device. The device loss model has been developed based on the device physics and device operation, and simulations have been conducted for various operating conditions. The loss model was integrated in the HVDC transmission system model to study the effects of the Si and SiC devices on the system. The paper focuses on the comparison of Si devices with SiC devices in terms of efficiency and cost savings for a HVDC transmission system.
Orthogonal multiuser detection

In this paper we propose a new linear multiuser detector for synchronous CDMA systems. Specifically, the received signal is demodulated using an orthogonal multiuser (OMU) receiver that is matched to a set of orthogonal vectors that are closest in a least-squares sense to the signature vectors. We show that this approach is equivalent to optimally whitening the noise component in the output of the decorrelator prior to detection. We provide simulation results suggesting that in many cases the OMU detector outperforms the matched filter detector and the decorrelator.
Activation of virilizing adrenal rest tissues by excessive ACTH production: An unusual presentation of Nelson's syndrome

Nelson's syndrome occurs in 10 to 35 percent of patients treated for Cushing's disease by bilateral adrenalectomy and features an ACTH-producing pituitary tumor and hyperpigmentation. Cortisol-producing testicular tumors activated by markedly elevated ACTH levels have been described in male patients with Nelson's syndrome. We now describe a female patient with Nelson's syndrome who presented with virilization. Abdominal exploration revealed adrenal rest tumors in the paraovarian tissues and adrenal beds. Iodocholesterol scanning gave negative results. This case illustrates the need for follow-up study of patients with bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's disease and describes some of the unusual features these patients may present.
Analysis of the Non-Linear Behavior of ECLIPSE Actuators

This work discusses the development and characterization of rectangular shaped Epoxy Composite Laminated Piezoelectric Stress-Enhanced actuators (ECLIPSE). ECLIPSE actuators are unimorph type d31 actuators that are manufactured with a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) plate sandwiched between unidirectional Kevlar 49/epoxy composite layers with dissimilar coefficients of thermal expansion in orthogonal directions. Cooling the actuator from an elevated curing temperature resulted in a residual stress gradient through the actuator, a compressive stress on the brittle piezoelectric plate, and a large out-of-plane deformation. Extended classical lamination theory (ECLT) is used to model the residual stress state and curvature of the actuator. The model results are compared to the classical lamination theory. The ECLT was developed by Hyer to explain the non-linear behavior of unsymmetric cross-ply laminates [1-3]. Three actuator layups were fabricated and characterized: [90/PZT/90/0], [90/90/PZT/90/0/0], and [90/90/90/PZT/90/0/0/0]. It is shown that geometric non-linearity is important to consider when modeling ECLIPSE actuators.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Acylation and carbamylation of equine muscle carbonic anhydrase (CA-III) upon reaction with p-nitrophenyl esters and carbamoyl phosphate

1. 1. Equine muscle carbonic anhydrase (CA-III) behaves like ubiquitin in undergoing extensive acylation of Nϵ-lysine residues upon reacting with p-nitrophenyl esters. 2. 2. The enzyme undergoes extensive carbamoylation of lysine residues when reacted with carbamoyl phosphate. 3. 3. The modification of from 6 to 7 lysine residues results in the production of a series of more anodic electrophoretic components. 4. 4. The derivatization of the lysine residues leads to a marked decrease in the enzyme's ability to hydrate CO2. 5. 5. The equine CA-III possesses both acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in contrast to the rabbit which possesses only the former type.
Relation of Arsenic Supplements to Dental Caries and the Periodontal Syndrome in Experimental Rodents

Dietary arsenic supplements were fed to caries-susceptible rats after the molar crowns were mineralized almost completely, during the mineralization of the crowns, or throughout and after development. No influence on caries activity was observed. Dietary supplements of arsenic to weanling rice rats tended to cause small increases in the severity of the periodontal syndrome.
Implicit phonology in children

Children whose average age was three 3 yrs. 7 mos. were presented with pairs of words: one of each pair was a non-English word which is possible in English according to the Whorfian formula for the production of English monosyllables, and the second was not possible in English according to the sequence constraints of the same formula. Some of the words deviated from English only in their initial consonant cluster, while others deviated both in initial and final clusters. The Ss were asked to say which one of the pair sounded more like a word. They showed discrimination by choosing more “possible” words than “impossible” words, and mispronounced the latter more often than the former. Substitutions of phonemes in cases of these mispronunciations were minimally distant from the original in terms of the number of distinctive feature changes. The evidence favors the proposition that the child has internalized the implicit syntax of phonemes and that a perceptual disposition has been achieved which leads him to mispronounce the “impossible” words.
Fathers' language input during shared book activities: Links to children's kindergarten achievement

Abstract The present study used data from the Family Life Project (FLP) to examine predictive relations between fathers' and mothers' language input during a wordless picture book task in the home just before kindergarten entry and children's letter–word identification, picture vocabulary, and applied problems scores at the end of kindergarten. Fathers' and mothers' language input was defined as the number of different words and mean length of utterance and was measured using Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT). Hierarchical regression analyses with demographic controls revealed that mothers' mean length of utterance predicted children's applied problems scores. More importantly, fathers' mean length of utterance predicted children's vocabulary and applied problems scores above and beyond mothers' language. Findings highlight the unique contribution of fathers to children's early academic achievement. Implications for future research, practice, and policy are discussed.
Estimation of cloud top heights from satellite imagery

Light coming from a cloud to the detector of a multispectral satellite (Landsat) consists of light reflected from the cloud and light scattered by the layer of atmosphere between the cloud and satellite. Because of the strong wavelength dependence of Rayleigh scattering, the comparison of the signals in two spectral channels allows one to find the thickness of the scattering layer and hence the height of the cloud top.
An iron-dependent and transferrin-mediated cellular uptake pathway for plutonium

Plutonium is a toxic synthetic element with no natural biological function, but it is strongly retained by humans when ingested. Using small-angle X-ray scattering, receptor binding assays and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy, we find that rat adrenal gland (PC12) cells can acquire plutonium in vitro through the major iron acquisition pathway--receptor-mediated endocytosis of the iron transport protein serum transferrin; however, only one form of the plutonium-transferrin complex is active. Low-resolution solution models of plutonium-loaded transferrins derived from small-angle scattering show that only transferrin with plutonium bound in the protein's C-terminal lobe (C-lobe) and iron bound in the N-terminal lobe (N-lobe) (Pu(C)Fe(N)Tf) adopts the proper conformation for recognition by the transferrin receptor protein. Although the metal-binding site in each lobe contains the same donors in the same configuration and both lobes are similar, the differences between transferrin's two lobes act to restrict, but not eliminate, cellular Pu uptake.
Measuring redundancy level on the web

This paper tries to estimate redundancy level on the Web by employing information collected from existent search engines. To make measurements feasible, a representative set of Internet sites was collected using a random sampling of the Internet catalogs DMOZ and Delicious. Each page in the set was identified using a random 32-word phrase extracted from the content of the page. These phrases were used to perform search engine queries and infer the number of pages with the same content. Though the presented method is far from being perfectly accurate, it provides an approximation of a lower-bound for visible redundancy of the web---long phrases will likely belong to duplicate pages, and only the pages indexed by search engines are really visible to users. Obtained results showed a surprisingly low level of duplication averaged over all content types, with less then ten duplicates for most of the pages. This indicates that besides well-known classes of high-redundant content (news, mailing list archives, etc.), content duplication and plagiarism are not globally widespread across all types of webpages.
The NIMA Method for Improved Moment Estimation from Doppler Spectra

The NCAR Improved Moments Algorithm (NIMA) for estimating moments from wind measurement devices that measure Doppler spectra as a function of range is described in some detail. Although NIMA’s main application has been for real-time processing of wind profiler data, it has also been successfully applied to Doppler lidar and weather radar data. Profiler spectra are often contaminated by a variety of sources including aircraft, birds, velocities exceeding the Nyquist velocity, radio frequency interference, and ground clutter. The NIMA method uses mathematical analysis, fuzzy logic synthesis, and global image processing algorithms to mimic human experts’ ability to identify atmospheric signals in the presence of such contaminants. NIMA is configurable and its processing can be tuned to optimize performance for a given profiler site. Once configured, NIMA is a fully automated algorithm that runs in real time to produce Doppler moments and a confidence assessment of those moments. These confidence values are useful in the generation and assessment of wind and turbulence estimates and are important when these quantities are used in critical situations such as airport operations. A simulation study is used to compare NIMA performance with that of a simple peak picking algorithm in the presence of ground clutter, RFI, and point targets. Some performance results for the NIMA confidence algorithm are also given.
The role of the nephrology social worker in optimizing treatment outcomes for end‐stage renal disease patients

This article reviews the relationship between psychosocial interventions and treatment effectiveness in the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patient population. Four predominant psychosocial risk factors that serve as predictors of morbidity and mortality in this population are identified. The effectiveness of the educational preparation of the nephrology social worker is also reviewed. Dial. Transplant. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mixing height—an inconsistent indicator of potential air pollution concentrations

Abstract The correlation between mixing height and air pollution levels was found to be inconsistent. Mixing height had a lower correlation to the maximum oxidant concentration than other parameters such as temperatures at different heights, the previous day's oxidant concentration, height and temperature of the inversion base and top, geopotential heights and pressure gradient. Mixing height also had a lower correlation with the maximum CO concentration than other parameters, including the inversion base height, the previous day's CO concentration, temperatures at different heights, pressure gradients and geopotential heights. Low correlations between mixing height and air pollution levels may be because: 1. (1) there is a greater variation in mixing height in time and space than is generally thought; 2. (2) the standard calculation of mixing height does not give an accurate estimation of the height to which pollutants are dispersed or 3. (3) air pollutants may have had insufficient time to disperse to the mixing height. When empirically derived statistical models are used to predict air pollution levels, failure to include mixing height as a potential predictor will probably not degrade the quality of the model.
The Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome associated with paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia

Abstract Two cases of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome associated with paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia are recorded with a review of the pertinent literature.
Absence of periodontitis in a population of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients.

The prevalence of periodontitis was studied in a population of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients, aged 10–18, with a variety of disease durations and levels of control. The sample included a number of patients with poorly controlled IDDM of long duration. None of the patients had radiographic signs of periodontitis. When considered in conjunction with previously reported studies, the findings suggest that populations of IDDM patients may differ in susceptibility to the periodontal diseases; thus, generalizations concerning prevalence based on only a few studies may be inappropriate.
Cerebral effects of cold reperfusion after hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Abstract Objectives: This study was undertaken to explore whether an interval of cold reperfusion can improve cerebral outcome after prolonged hypothermic circulatory arrest. Methods: Sixteen pigs (27-30 kg) underwent 90 minutes of circulatory arrest at a brain temperature of 20°C. Eight animals were rewarmed immediately after hypothermic circulatory arrest (controls), and 8 were reperfused for 20 minutes at 20°C and then rewarmed (cold reperfusion). Electrophysiologic recordings, fluorescent microsphere determinations of cerebral blood flow, calculations of cerebral oxygen consumption, and direct measurements of intracranial pressure (millimeters of mercury) were obtained at baseline (37°C), before hypothermic circulatory arrest, after discontinuing circulatory arrest at 37°C deep brain temperature, and at 2, 4, and 6 hours thereafter. Histopathologic features and percent brain water were determined after the animals were sacrificed. Results: Cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption decreased during cooling: cerebral oxygen consumption returned to baseline levels after 4 hours, but cerebral blood flow remained depressed until 6 hours in both groups. Cold reperfusion failed to improve electrophysiologic recovery or to reduce brain weight, but median intracranial pressure increased significantly less after cold reperfusion than in controls ( P =.02). Although no significant difference in the incidence of histopathologic abnormalities between groups was found, all 3 animals with an intracranial pressure of more than 15 mm Hg after immediate rewarming had histopathologic lesions, and high intracranial pressure was more prevalent among all animals with subsequent histopathologic lesions ( P =.03). Conclusions: Cold reperfusion significantly inhibited the rise in intracranial pressure seen in control pigs after 90 minutes of circulatory arrest at 20°C, suggesting that cold reperfusion may decrease cerebral edema and thereby improve outcome after prolonged hypothermic circulatory arrest. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001;121:923-31)
Identification of T Lymphocytes in Ocular Adnexal Neoplasms by Hybridoma Monoclonal Antibodies

We performed indirect immunofluorescence with the OKT series of hybridoma monoclonal antibodies in order to determine the total number of T cells and their subset distribution, that is, the percentages of helper (OKT3 + T4 + T8 − ) and suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT3 + T4 + T8 + ) T cells, in 28 ocular adnexal lymphoid neoplasms. OKT3 + T4 + (helper) T cells vastly predominated in each of ten benign, polyclonal ocular lymphoid proliferations. The helper-suppressor T-cell ratio (T4–8) ranged from 2.5 to 8.2 (mean, 5.4) in these ten cases. In comparison, the mean T4–T8 ratio in 24 benign reactive lymph nodes was 3.4. These findings strongly suggested that the polyclonal ocular lymphoid proliferations represent a T-cell antigen-dependent response characterized by a proliferation of helper T cells, which in turn drive B cells to proliferate and to differentiate, eventually resulting in the formation of a clinically detectable tumor. The mean T4-T8 ratio was 2.3 in 18 ocular and in 16 nodal monoclonal B-cell proliferations, suggesting that the benign T cells in these proliferations represent a residual cell population rather than a distinctive subset originating in response to the B-cell neoplasm.
Hepatitis B triple series vaccine and developmental disability in US children aged 1–9 years

This study investigated the association between vaccination with the Hepatitis B triple series vaccine prior to 2000 and developmental disability in children aged 1–9 years (n = 1824), proxied by parental report that their child receives early intervention or special education services (EIS). National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2000 data were analyzed and adjusted for survey design by Taylor Linearization using SAS version 9.1 software, with SAS callable SUDAAN version 9.0.1. The odds of receiving EIS were approximately nine times as great for vaccinated boys (n = 46) as for unvaccinated boys (n = 7), after adjustment for confounders. This study found statistically significant evidence to suggest that boys in United States who were vaccinated with the triple series Hepatitis B vaccine, during the time period in which vaccines were manufactured with thimerosal, were more susceptible to developmental disability than were unvaccinated boys.
Comments on "Electronic image storage utilizing a silicon dioxide target"

It is shown that, contrary to the statements in the above paper, the secondary emission yield of thermally grown SiO 2 does not saturate. Rather, the results reported fall on a yield curve which peaks at a yield of 7.4 at a primary electron energy of 500 eV.
Organizational citizenship behavior as a critical link between HRM practices and service quality

This paper discusses how organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) provides a critical link between a firm's human resource management practices and its level of customer service. It is argued that a firm's overall human resources philosophy, approach to selection and socialization, evaluation and reward practices, and use of rules and job descriptions will affect the amount of citizenship behavior that employees display. In the aggregate, OCB will have a positive impact on a firm's level of service quality. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lignin-degrading peroxidases of Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Lignin and manganese peroxidases are secreted by the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium during secondary metabolism. These enzymes play major roles in lignin degradation. The active site amino acid sequence of these lignin-degrading peroxidases is similar to that of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP). The mechanism by which they oxidize substrates also appears to be the similar. pH has a similar effect on lignin peroxidase compound I formation as on HRP or CcP; however, the pKa controlling compound I formation for lignin peroxidase appears to be much lower. Lignin-degrading peroxidases are able to catalyze the oxidation of substrates with high redox potential. This unique ability is consistent with a heme active site of low electron density, which is indicated by high redox potential.
Response gene to complement 32 is required for C5b-9 induced cell cycle activation in endothelial cells

Proliferation of vascular endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) is a critical event in angiogenesis and atherosclerosis. We previously showed that the C5b-9 assembly during complement activation induces cell cycle in human aortic EC (AEC) and SMC. C5b-9 can induce the expression of Response Gene to Complement (RGC)-32 and over expression of this gene leads to cell cycle activation. Therefore, the present study was carried out to test the requirement of endogenous RGC-32 for the cell cycle activation induced by C5b-9 by knocking-down its expression using siRNA. We identified two RGC-32 siRNAs that can markedly reduce the expression of RGC-32 mRNA in AEC. RGC-32 silencing in these cells abolished DNA synthesis induced by C5b-9 and serum growth factors, indicating the requirement of RGC-32 activity for S-phase entry. RGC-32 siRNA knockdown also significantly reduced the C5b-9 induced CDC2 activation and Akt phosphorylation. CDC2 does not play a role in G1/S transition in HeLa cells stably overexpressing RGC-32. RGC-32 was found to physically associate with Akt and was phosphorylated by Akt in vitro. Mutation of RGC-32 protein at Ser 45 and Ser 47 prevented Akt mediated phosphorylation. In addition, RGC-32 was found to regulate the release of growth factors from AEC. All these data together suggest that cell cycle induction by C5b-9 in AEC is RGC-32 dependent and this is in part through regulation of Akt and growth factor release.
DNA polymerase gamma in mitochondrial DNA replication and repair.

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are associated with aging, and they can cause tissue degeneration and neuromuscular pathologies known as mitochondrial diseases. Because DNA polymerase γ (pol γ) is the enzyme responsible for replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA, the burden of faithful duplication of mitochondrial DNA, both in preventing spontaneous errors and in DNA repair synthesis, falls on pol γ. Investigating the biological functions of pol γ and its inhibitors aids our understanding of the sources of mtDNA mutations. In animal cells, pol γ is composed of two subunits, a larger catalytic subunit of 125– 140 kDa and second subunit of 35–55 kDa. The catalytic subunit contains DNA polymerase activity, 3’-5’ exonuclease activity, and a 5’-dRP lyase activity. The accessory subunit is required for highly processive DNA synthesis and increases the affinity of pol γ to the DNA.
Interfacial disconnections at Sb2Te3 precipitates in PbTe: Mechanisms of strain accommodation and phase transformation at a tetradymite/rocksalt telluride interface

Understanding the structure and formation mechanisms of interfaces between different telluride phases is important to the development of thermoelectric nanocomposites. Here, we investigate the interfacial structure of tetradymite precipitates in a rocksalt telluride matrix, focusing in particular on precipitates of Sb_2Te_3 in PbTe. Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, we investigate the structure and arrangement of interfacial disconnections—i.e. interfacial steps possessing dislocation character—observed in this system. Our analyses provide insight concerning the roles of these defects in accommodating the large interfacial misfit (6.7%) in this system and in mediating the transformation from the rocksalt to the tetradymite structure. Our observations also suggest how such interfacial disconnections could arise through the dissociation of crystal lattice dislocations that accommodate the misfit on initially flat segments of the interface.
Implications of geochemical fronts in the Notch Peak contact-metamorphic aureole, Utah, USA

Abstract The geochemistry of the Notch Peak contact-metamorphic aureole was examined to determine the dominant source of fluid attendant on metamorphism and to estimate fluid fluxes. Progressive metamorphism of calc-silicate rocks is defined by phlogopite, diopside and wollastonite isograds. Mineral assemblages at wollastonite and diopside grades indicate water-rich conditions during decarbonation reactions. Near the intrusion, the rocks are highly fractured, in both the horizontal and the vertical direction. Theδ18O values of most unmetamorphosed through diopside grade rocks range from 16.3 to 20.2‰, whereas in the wollastonite zone and near a pre-intrusion fault the values approach the 9.5‰ value of the granitic stock. Coincident with the zone of18O depletion are zones of Ba and Zn enrichment. Consideration of solubilities of these elements in magmatic fluids and of published mineral/water distribution coefficients indicates that these elements were advected from the magma. Modelδ18O profiles for up-temperature flow of formation water, assuming variable Damko¨hler numbers and both static and variable thermal gradients, fit poorly most data and do not reproduce the broadened front in the observed profile. In contrast, model profiles for radial, one-dimensional flow of magmatic water with variable Damko¨hler number under static or variable thermal gradients fit the data well, although the model isotopic front remains less distended that the one observed. The integrated radial flux of magmatic water indicated by the position of the isotopic front is∼ 1.8 × 107 mol m−2. Additional broadening of the observed front and the scatter of the data suggest diffusion or hydrodynamic dispersion of oxygen. Regression of the data indicates an effective porosity of ∼ 12% in the inner aureole during fluid flow. The porosity was largely fracture controlled and resulted from decarbonation, sustained exsolution of water from the magma, and up to 30% reaction-produced volume loss in the high-grade rocks. The coincidence of the Ba, Zn andδ18O fronts suggests that bulk of the magmatic water flow was confined to the wollastontie zone. The exception is the proximity of the fault, where fluids emanating from an underlying part of the intrusion may also have flowed upward through lower grade rocks.
Developing an alternative approach to evaluation. Telephone interviews by physicians

To enable the development of an alternative approach to evaluating continuing medical education (CME) programs, six physicians have been trained to conduct structured interviews with physicians who: a) have been randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups or a control group, b) are involved in the treatment of a reasonable number of patients with selected disorders, and c) agreed to participate in a study to determine the effects of an American College of Cardiology CME program. The project is two years in duration. The first program to be evaluated was an echocardiography program. As the evaluation of the first program is completed and the evaluation methods are refined, the second program to be studied is to be selected. The preliminary data suggest that the interview protocol was followed, that probling techniques were utilized, and that the quality of information acquired by the physician interviewers will be useful in helping to determine the effectiveness of the echocardiography program.
Degradation Assessment and Fault Modes Classification Using Logistic Regression

Real-time health monitoring of industrial components and systems that can detect, classify and predict impending faults is critical to reducing operating and maintenance cost. This paper presents a logistic regression based prognostic method for on-line performance degradation assessment and failure modes classification. System condition is evaluated by processing the information gathered from controllers or sensors mounted at different points in the system, and maintenance is performed only when the failure/ malfunction prognosis indicates instead of periodic maintenance inspections. The wavelet packet decomposition technique is used to extract features from non-stationary signals (such as current, vibrations), wavelet package energies are used as features and Fisher's criteria is used to select critical features. Selected features are input into logistic regression (LR) models to assess machine performance and identify possible failure modes. The maximum likelihood method is used to determine parameters of LR models. The effectiveness and feasibility of this methodology have been illustrated by applying the method to a real elevator door system.
The effect of density anisotropy on the yielding and flow behavior of partially consolidated powder compacts

The effect of density anisotropy on the flow behavior of partially consolidated powder compacts of an alpha-two titanium aluminide alloy (Ti-24A1-11Nb) was established by conducting hot compression tests on samples made by hot die pressing or hot isostatic pressing (“hipping”). For the former consolidation method, in which anisotropic density distributions were developed, the upset tests were conducted both parallel and perpendicular to the die pressing direction. The flow stress results from these experiments, as well as those from the tests on the “hipped” material, were interpreted in terms of calculations of the stress intensification factor (φ). When the stress intensification factors were plotted as a function of areal relative density, rather than volumetric relative density, a unique dependence of φ on density was obtained. This dependence showed a smooth transition from a behavior measured by others for the early stages of densification to a behavior theoretically predicted for the latter stages of densification, in which isolated pores are closed.
A Theoretical Model of Intracellular Devitrification

Abstract Devitrification of the intracellular solution can cause significant damage during warming of cells cryopreserved by freezing or vitrification. Whereas previous theoretical investigations of devitrification have not considered the effect of cell dehydration on intracellular ice formation, a new model which couples membrane-limited water transport equations, classical nucleation theory, and diffusion-limited crystal growth theory is presented. The model was used to explore the role of cell dehydration in devitrification of human keratinocytes frozen in the presence of glycerol. Numerical simulations demonstrated that water transport during cooling affects subsequent intracellular ice formation during warming, correctly predicting observations that critical warming rate increases with increasing cooling rate. However, for cells with a membrane transport activation energy less than approximately 50 kJ/mol, devitrification was also affected by cell dehydration during warming, leading to a reversal of the relationship between cooling rate and critical warming rate. Thus, for low warming rates (less than 10°C/min for keratinocytes), the size and total volume fraction of intracellular ice crystals forming during warming decreased with decreasing warming rate, and the critical warming rate decreased with increasing cooling rate. The effects of water transport on the kinetics of intracellular nucleation and crystal growth were elucidated by comparison of simulations of cell warming with simulations of devitrification in H 2 O-NaCl-glycerol droplets of constant size and composition. These studies showed that the rate of intracellular nucleation was less sensitive to cell dehydration than was the crystal growth rate. The theoretical methods presented may be of use for the design and optimization of freeze-thaw protocols.
Miocene nannofossil chronology in the North Atlantic, DSDP Site 608

Abstract DSDP North Atlantic Site 608 yielded an excellent Miocene pelagic section which affords a further opportunity for elucidating the chronology of the calcareous nannofossil succession in the framework of magnetostratigraphic control. Most of the conventional (zonal) markers have been documented for this site and some of the earlier results are confirmed and refined. In addition several unconventional and less known markers have been added. The first two are the highest (last) occurrence of Sphenolithus delphix and Sphenolithus capricornutus at 23.6 Ma, which is immediately above the Oligocene-Miocene boundary as identified by the last occurrence of Reticulofenestra bisecta at 23.7 Ma. The next unconventional datum is the highest (last) occurrence of Ilselithina fusa at 22.8 Ma, which is also the highest (last) occurrence of Helicosphaera recta. Calcidiscus tropicus' lowest (first) occurrence is at 19.5 Ma, which is also the lowest occurrence of Sphenolithus belemnos, and Calcidiscus leptoporus' lowest (first) occurrence coincides with that of Sphenolithus heteromorphus at 18.5 Ma. Sphenolithus dissimilis' highest (last) occurrence is at 18.2 Ma and the Calcidiscus premacintyrei lowest (first) and highest (last) occurrences are, respectively, at 17.7 and 11.7 Ma. Discoaster braarudii occurs from 11.6 to 11.3 ma and its highest (last) occurrence corresponds to that of Cyclicargolithus floridanus. Minylitha convallis occurs from 9.0 to 6.9 Ma. Within the range of Minylitha, at 8.0 Ma, a major shift occurs in reticulofenestrid placoliths from dominantly large (Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus) and medium size (Reticulofenestra minutula) species below to significant numbers of very small species (Dictyococcites productus and Gephyrocapsa) above. This is interpreted to be a major, though perhaps seasonal, change of productivity of the North Atlantic at Site 608. A new genus and species Cryptococcolithus takayamae, is described and a variety, Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus var. amplus is identified.
The Role of Exploration and Gear Research in the Future Expansion of our Commercial Fisheries

Abstract Exploratory fishing can aid the growth of our commercial fisheries by expanding present fishing grounds, diversifying effort on present grounds and discovering new fisheries. Development of better gear and catching methods through increasing gear research can help the domestic industry compete with foreign imports. Better fish-finding equipment is needed for more efficient operations. Midwater trawling and development of electrical fishing offer opportunities for additional fisheries of the open ocean. In the future, more emphasis should be placed on basic gear research by technicians who are especially qualified for this type of work.
Molecular basis of endothelial cell morphogenesis in three-dimensional extracellular matrices.

Although many studies have focused on blood vessel development and new blood vessel formation associated with disease processes, the question of how endothelial cells (ECs) assemble into tubes in three dimensions (i.e., EC morphogenesis) remains unanswered. EC morphogenesis is particularly dependent on a signaling axis involving the extracellular matrix (ECM), integrins, and the cytoskeleton, which regulates EC shape changes and signals the pathways necessary for tube formation. Recent studies reveal that genes regulating this matrix-integrin-cytoskeletal (MIC) signaling axis are differentially expressed during EC morphogenesis. The Rho GTPases represent an important class of molecules involved in these events. Cdc42 and Rac1 are required for the process of EC intracellular vacuole formation and coalescence that regulates EC lumen formation in three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrices, while RhoA appears to stabilize capillary tube networks. Once EC tube networks are established, supporting cells, such as pericytes, are recruited to further stabilize these networks, perhaps by regulating EC basement membrane matrix assembly. Furthermore, we consider recent work showing that EC morphogenesis is balanced by a tendency for newly formed tubes to regress. This morphogenesis-regression balance is controlled by differential gene expression of such molecules as VEGF, angiopoietin-2, and PAI-1, as well as a plasmin- and matrix metalloproteinase-dependent mechanism that induces tube regression through degradation of ECM scaffolds that support EC-lined tubes. It is our hope that this review will stimulate increased interest and effort focused on the basic mechanisms regulating capillary tube formation and regression in 3D extracellular matrices.
The synthesis of multiple-effect evaporator systems using minimum utility insights—I. A cascaded heat representation

Abstract This paper is the first of three on evaporation system synthesis. It develops a model to compute the utility consumption explicitly for multiple-effect evaporator systems that exchange sensible heat with streams that are both inside and outside the evaporation system. A modified “grand composite curve” (MGCC) is developed to plot the temperature for placing an evaporator vs the maximum amount of such sensible heat that can be exchanged. The simplified model and MGCC are then used to discover the approximate best temperature at which to place a single evaporator effect. With this effect placed vs temperature, the paper shows how to place a second effect. This example partially motivates the evaporation system synthesis approach to be developed in the two papers that follow.
Bimetallic nickel complexes supported by 2,5-bis(phosphine)-1,4-hydroquinonate ligands. Structural, electrochemical and theoretical investigations

Abstract The coordination chemistries of several 2,5-bis(phosphine)-1,4-hydroquinones, (2,5-bis(PiPr2)-3,6-difluoro-1,4-hydroquinone (1a), 2,5-bis(PiPr2)-1,4-hydroquinone (1b), (2,5-bis(PPh2)-3,6-difluoro-1,4-hydroquinone (1c), and 2,5-bis(PPh2)-1,4-hydroquinone (1d)) were investigated. Reactions of these ligands 1a–d with excess (∼2.5) of bis(cyclopentadienide)nickel, and in case of 1a, with bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienide)nickel, resulted in the formation of bimetallic nickel complexes 2a–d and 3a, where both [P,O] chelating pockets of the ligands were occupied by CpNi or Cp∗Ni moieties, respectively. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) scans on complexes 2a–d contained a common feature of two reversible/quasi-reversible waves and one irreversible redox event. Complex [2a][PF6] was isolated by the oxidation of 2a with ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate. Spectroscopic, structural, and synthetic studies were carried out in order to elucidate the nature of these redox processes. Our results suggest that the reversible and quasi-reversible redox events are ligand-based processes (hydroquinone/semiquinone/quinone), while the irreversible process was assigned as metal-based. These conclusions were supported by additional experimental data and by theoretical calculations. Investigations of chemical reactivity showed that cyclopentadienide ligands in complexes 2a–d can be displaced from the metal centers upon reactions with o-aminothiophenol. One of these derivatives, 4a, containing capping [N,S] o-aminothiophenolate ligands was isolated and fully characterized. A CV scan of complex 4a contained one reversible wave and an irreversible wave at higher potentials. The assignment is complicated by the proton transfer processes accompanying the electron transfer events. Complexes 1a, 2a–c, [2a][PF6] and 4a were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments.
Optimal Control of Time-Delayed Linear Systems With the Method of Continuous Time Approximation

This paper presents optimal control studies of delayed dynamical systems with the help of a method of continuous time approximation (CTA). The CTA method proposes a continuous time approximation of the delayed portion of the response leading to a high and finite dimensional state space formulation of the time-delayed system. Optimal controls of the system such as LQR and output feedback controls are readily designed with the existing design tools. In the paper, we present an output feedback control by means of the mapping approach studied previously. In order to accomplish the objective of control design, we also examine various discretization schemes of the CTA method in frequency domain.© 2008 ASME
Elasto-plastic folding of thin sheets

A thin sheet is folded by three methods. An elastic-perfectly plastic moment-curvature relationship is assumed. A plastic hinge occurs whenever the local curvature is larger than a critical value. The problem is solved by both numerical integration and asymptotic expansions. The character of the sheet changes distinctly after plasticity sets in.
When is nighttime? A description of bedtime in persons with dementia in the nursing home

The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to describe the bedtime patterns of persons with dementia in the nursing home and make recommendations for nursing practice. Nursing staff observed, researcher observed, and actigraph data on bedtimes were compared with nighttime facility routines. Seventy per cent (n = 14) of all participants (n = 20) were in bed before 8:30 pm and 30% (n = 6) of the participants went to bed after 8:30 pm. All participants who went to bed before 8:30 pm (n = 14) took evening medications and 64% (n = 9) were dependent upon nursing care for nighttime activities of daily living (ADLs). Results suggested that bedtimes may be influenced by nighttime tasks. An understanding of these unique sleep patterns may facilitate the development of nonpharmacological, person-centered interventions for building sleep cycles around individual preferences versus facility-driven routines.
Salivary unconjugated estriol levels in normal third trimester pregnancy - direct correlation with serum levels.

Abstract A radioimmunoassay for salivary unconjugated estriol concentration during the third trimester of normal pregnancy is described. The performance characteristics of the method were established by determining the non-specific binding, the blank value of the endogenous estriol free (“stripped”) saliva, the recovery experiment and intra- and interassay coefficient of the variations. The corresponding serum samples were also analyzed by the same method. An excellent correlation was found between salivary and serum estriol concentrations.
Induction of 6-thioguanine resistance in Chinese hamster lung cells treated with dimethylnitrosamine' 2-amino-anthracene or 7,12-dimethylbenz(A)anthracene in the presence of rat liver microsomes

Abstract Chemically non-reactive carcinogens require metabolization in order to exert such biological effects as mutagenicity. The mutagenic activities of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA) and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (7,12-DMBA) have been studied at the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) locus in Chinese hamster lung cells. These compounds induce 6-thioguanine (6TG) resistance in the presence of rat liver microsomes, but they do not induce 6TG resistance in the absence of rat microsomes. The frequencies of mutations induced by these compounds are dose-dependent.
Is vitamin D a determinant of muscle mass and strength

There remains little consensus on the link between vitamin levels and muscle mass or strength. We therefore investigated the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2) D), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels with skeletal muscle mass and strength. We studied 311 men (mean age, 56 years; range, 23-91 years) and 356 women (mean age, 57 years; range, 21-97 years) representing an age-stratified, random sample of community adults. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the association of skeletal muscle mass (by total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and strength (handgrip force and isometric knee extension moment) with each of 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)(2) D, and PTH quartiles, adjusted for age, physical activity, fat mass, and season. We found no consistent association between 25(OH)D or PTH and any of our measurements of muscle mass or strength, in either men or women. However, in subjects younger than 65 years, there was a statistically significant association between low 1,25(OH)(2) D levels and low skeletal mass in both men and women and low isometric knee extension moment in women, after adjustment for potential confounders. Modestly low 25(OH)D or high PTH levels may not contribute significantly to sarcopenia or muscle weakness in community adults. The link between low 25(OH)D and increased fall risk reported by others may be due to factors that affect neuromuscular function rather than muscle strength. The association between low 1,25(OH)(2) D and low skeletal mass and low knee extension moment, particularly in younger people, needs further exploration.
Microfibrous entrapped catalysts for low temperature CO oxidation in humid air

Abstract CO oxidation on Pt-CeO 2 /SiO 2 catalyst was found to be diffusion controlled at ambient conditions ( T 99% for > 10 hrs).