cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detecting Single Quantum Dot Motion With Nanometer Resolution for Applications in Cell Biology

Quantum dots (QDs), semiconductor particles of nanometer dimension, have emerged as excellent fluorescent analogs in tracer experiments with single molecule sensitivity for bioassays. Cell imaging greatly benefits from the remarkable optical and physical properties of these inorganic nanocrystals: QDs are much brighter and exhibit a higher resistance to photobleaching than traditional fluorophores, and their narrow emission spectrum and flexible surface chemistry make them particularly suitable for multiplex imaging. Here, we have demonstrated the achievement of a nanometer spatial resolution on the position of a single QD in a simple optomechanical instrument using a high-sensitivity low-noise detector, an intensified CCD camera. Furthermore, nanometer variations in the amplitude of a QD's sinusoidal oscillations could be quantitatively distinguished after fast Fourier transform (FFT) based data processing. As confirmed by experiments where QDs were attached to the surface of bovine aortic endothelial cells, this method can be exploited in biology to assess molecular and subcellular contributions to responses such as motility, intracellular trafficking, and mechanotransduction, with high resolution and minimal disturbance to cells
School autonomy and accountability in Thailand: Does the gap between policy intent and implementation matter?

This article contrasts policy intent and policy implementation in school autonomy and accountability. The analysis uses a conceptual framework based on the interaction between school autonomy, student assessment, and accountability as elements of a closed system. The article analyzes the implementation of school autonomy and accountability policy, using data collected from 226 schools in Thailand that participated in the 2009 PISA survey. To understand how autonomy and accountability relate to student achievement, the study estimates a linear regression with PISA reading achievement as the dependent variable and indicators of autonomy and accountability (and control variables) as the independent variables. The estimates suggest that students at schools exercising a higher level of operational autonomy than the level ascribed by regulation tend to have PISA reading scores 6.0–8.6 points higher than students at schools that behave less autonomously. These results are consistent with other research findings.
Nucleotide Manipulatives to Illustrate the Central Dogma.

The central dogma is a core concept that is critical for introductory biology and microbiology students to master. However, students often struggle to conceptualize the processes involved, and fail to move beyond simply memorizing the basic facts. To encourage critical thinking, we have designed a set of magnetic nucleotide manipulatives that allow students to model DNA structure, along with the processes of replication, transcription, and translation.
Effect of Obesity on Outcomes of Forefoot Surgery.

Background:Forefoot surgery typically is elective, so it is important to define risk factors to educate patients on potential complications. The purpose of this study was to determine if obesity is...
Silicides - an introduction

This chapter discusses the use of Al as metallisation in contact with Si, ran into problems due to “pit” formation in the Si following heat treatment at temperatures between 400 and 450 °C.
FDG and amyloid positron emission tomography.

For over 20 years, researchers have used the tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. FDG PET imaging has been utilized to study the characteristic metabolic changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and as more molecular imaging tracers become available for human research, PET will likely assume many new roles for investigating more specific abnormalities, such as amyloid deposition, in the future. FDG is a glucose analog that images glucose metabolism and also illustrates neural firing. Different synapse activity, particularly excitatory activity from glutamate release, appears to change FDG uptake. AD will affect both brain infrastructure by decreasing the amount of cell bodies and synapses as well as decreasing synaptic activity, which are both changes that decrease the amount of FDG. AD is not a perfectly uniform process, and this is reflected by distinct progressive patterns of decreased FDG and decreased metabolism across different regions of the brain. FDG enters the brain via blood flow, and then into brain tissue by both diffusion and facilitated transport. Once it enters the glia and neurons, FDG can be phosphorylated, a step that is essentially irreversible, but then cannot be processed further by the cells, effectively trapping the FDG in situ. The amount of trapping that occurs in the brain over the first 10–20 minutes is very high and constitutes over 80% of the uptake. Thus, after the first 10–20 minutes uptake phase, a pattern of FDG emerges that mirrors the distribution of glucose metabolism in all subcortical and cortical structures.
Mechanism of “Turn-on” Fluorescent Sensors for Mercury(II) in Solution and Its Implications for Ligand Design

The tendency of a Hg(II) ion to strongly quench fluorescence of potential fluorescent sensors is explored. Fluorescence measurements show the expected order of the chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) effect of Zn(II) > Cd(II) >> Hg(II) ~ Cu(II), which is interpreted as (1) unpaired electrons causing the weak CHEF effect for Cu(II) and (2) the order Zn(II) > Cd(II) >> Hg(II) reflecting the "heavy atom" effect, which may be due to increasing spin-orbit coupling constants (ζ) for Zn(II) > Br(-) > I(-), which is discussed in terms of an increasing PET effect, and to collisional quenching. The ligand design principles for generating turn-on sensors for mercury suggested by this work are discussed.
WHAT'S IN A NAME? TWENTIETH-CENTURY REALISM IN KENNETH BURKE'S AESTHETICS*

Admired throughout the twentieth century by literary and sociological theorists but long neglected by philosophers, readers have overlooked Kenneth Burke's theoretical dependence on American philosophic realism, thus missing consistent patterns of his insight. By tracing Burke's own realism back to his year at Columbia University and his time at The Dial magazine, we see how Burke's earliest aesthetic theories conformed to aspects of the new realist movement. During the Depression, in his book Permanence and Change, he followed earlier new realists in arguing for a reconstructed modern teleology of “purpose” and incorporated realism within his pleas for a suppler Communist Party rhetoric than that sanctioned by the party leadership. Burke's apparently inconsistent positions can be understood as a continuous philosophical argument for realism within changing intellectual contexts, explaining his long-lived cross-disciplinary appeal and influence. Burke maintained central realistic tenets: (1) the independent existence and intelligibility of an external world and (2) the substantive meaning of universals, particularly a common human nature. Examining these connections informs our readings of Burke while illuminating one reverberation of the philosophical “new realists” in American intellectual culture. Burke expressed realist principles in his presentation of symbolic action and dramatism in The Philosophy of Literary Form and A Grammar of Motives, both published in the 1940s. His sophisticated aesthetic–linguistic realism appeared in his arguments against logical empiricists and New Critics, which displayed an arc of transformation in the philosophical and critical culture before World War II from a still-contested mixture to an emphatically nominalistic, antirealist one. It was from this philosophical position that Burke offered his lively, penetrating analyses of and challenges to many of the major movements in twentieth-century philosophy: realism, pragmatism, positivism, and post-structuralism.
Serum proteins, lipoproteins and glycoproteins. II. Muscular dystrophy and related diseases in patients.

Summary1. Serum proteins, lipoproteins and glycoproteins were studied primarily in pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy (PMD), myositis, myotonia dystrophia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and in scoliosis and Perthes disease with occasional secondary muscular changes. 2. Moving boundary electrophoretic patterns revealed significant, although not specific, increase of α2-globulin in nearly all muscle diseases. This increase seemed to be related to a high level of sialic acid, particularly in PMD. 3. Distribution of lipoproteins in paper electrophoretic patterns and concentrations of cholesterol and phospholipids did not show the pronounced changes previously found in muscular dystrophy of vit. E-deficiency in rabbits. 4. In contrast to this experimental myopathy and many other wasting diseases, human muscle diseases were not accompanied by significant increase of protein-bound carbohydrates other than that of sialic acid in PMD.
Research on the Features of Dieting Disorder in Female College Students and the Effects on Menstrnal Cycle and Bone Mass

This study aims to investigate the prevalence of the dieting disorder in female college students in Beijing,to understand the features of the dieting disorder,and to explore the relationship between dieting disorder,menstruation and BMD.Methods:The 187subjects are drawn from 8universities in Beijing by random sampling.Questionnaires on dieting status analysis are adopted(EDI3)in the research.Diagnosis of Menstrual Irregularity(MI)is done by gynecologists,and BMD is measured by DXA(GE,USA).Results:The questionnaires show that 32subjects exhibit significant dieting disorder,accounting for 17.1%of the total number.EDI-3RF score of subjects show that the drive for thinness(DT)and body dissatisfaction(BD)score all increase in dieting disorder(DE),DE with MI,and DE with Low Bone Mass(LBM)(P0.01-0.05).The incidences of oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea in DE double what they are in NDE.EDI score elevates in LBM(P0.01).BMD of L2-4decreases in DE with LBM(P0.05).EDI score has negative correlation with BMD of L2-4and PFR(P0.05).Conclusion:There is higher prevalence of dieting disorder in this study,which mainly show the DT and BD,and may be disturbed bone mass by Energy gain and menstrual cycle change.
Small-sinica of Laelapidinae Berlese in Northwest China

Objective To study features of species and geographical distribution of Laelapidae Berlese in Northwest China.Methods By the methods of mite inspection of host surface and nest.Results Laelapidinae Berlese in Northwest China belonging to 13 genera and a total of 63 species had been recorded,of which 5 species of Genus Androlaelaps Berlese,7 species of Genus Cosmolaelaps Berlese,4 species of Genus Dipolaelaps Zemskaya et Piontkovskaya,12 species of Genus Haemolaelaps Berlese,3 species of Genus Hyperlaelaps Zachvatkin,16 species of Genus Laelaps Koch,5 species of Genus Laelaspis Berlese,3 species of Genus Ololaelaps Berlese,1 species of Genus Oryctolaelaps Lange,1 species of Genus Pneumolaelaps Berlese,4 species of Genus Qinghailaelaps Gu et Yang,1 species of Genus Tricholaelaps Vitzthum and 1 species of Genus Tropilaelaps Delfinado et Baker in Laelapidinae Berlese of Laelapidae Berlese.Conclusion Scientific gists are provided to more study and preventing and controlling by grasping Laelapidinae Berlese in Northwest China.
Effects of Combustion-Generated Nanoparticles on Cellular Membranes

ABSTRACTIn the environment, the process of combustion is the dominant pathway through which mankind continuously injects particles into the atmosphere at the present time. The most direct and serious risk related to these emissions is the direct absorption of these particles into the living systems of humans and animals through the process of respiration, especially in more urban environments. Little is known about the potential of low-level exposures to alter key biophysical functions, such as membrane form and function. This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to reconstruct the free energy landscapes of the mechanisms of entry of nanoparticles into biological cells. Specifically, we investigate the behavior of two nanoparticles produced in combustion conditions with different amphiphilic properties to assess the effect of chemical composition on the interactions with cellular membranes. Free energy calculations of nanoparticles interacting with a lipid bilayer composed of dimyristoylphosphatid...
Evaluation and Treatment of Postoperative Groin Pain

Chronic pain after inguinal hernia repair is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. In-depth knowledge of groin neuroanatomy is critical, as the best measure to address this debilitating pain state remains prevention by refining the technique of hernia repair. Multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment, including behavioral, pharmacological, and interventional pain management modalities improves the likelihood of successful intervention. For patients with pain refractory to conservative measures, operative neurectomy, meshoma removal, and repair of recurrence may provide relief. A multidisciplinary, logical, stepwise approach to CPIP will afford patients the greatest opportunity to minimize symptoms, manage pain, decrease further morbidity, and improve quality of life.
Radiative human body cooling by nanoporous polyethylene textile

Thermal management through personal heating and cooling is a strategy by which to expand indoor temperature setpoint range for large energy saving. We show that nanoporous polyethylene (nanoPE) is transparent to mid-infrared human body radiation but opaque to visible light because of the pore size distribution (50 to 1000 nanometers). We processed the material to develop a textile that promotes effective radiative cooling while still having sufficient air permeability, water-wicking rate, and mechanical strength for wearability. We developed a device to simulate skin temperature that shows temperatures 2.7° and 2.0°C lower when covered with nanoPE cloth and with processed nanoPE cloth, respectively, than when covered with cotton. Our processed nanoPE is an effective and scalable textile for personal thermal management.
Experiential and Transformative Learning in an Informal Online Learning Environment: An Approach to Initiate Sustainable Changes

As the use of technology increased in educational settings, both availability and viability of online learning opportunities increased substantially. Research indicates that more and more institutions of higher learning are increasing online course offerings as a way to increase enrollment in formerly closed settings. Indeed, the use of online learning has paved the way for global connections in a once closed world. However, as a way of promoting the use of online technologies outside of the class environment, Ashford University has begun to promote sustainability efforts through their student Sociology Club. In this case, the use of a social networking site to connect faculty and students in an experiential learning environment was designed to help educate students while, at the same time, prompting community-based action no matter how geographic boundaries separated participants.
The Formation of the Miraculous as Narrative and Cultural Pattern: Remarks on the Religious Imagination of Gregory’s Dialogues

The essay raises questions concerning the cultural and narrative determinants of medieval miracle literature. Several examples illustrate that the miracle is based not only on projection and intuition, but also on definable mental processes which mediate between faith and experience.
Use of DOE SGP Radars in Support of ASR Modeling Activities

The objective of this work was to use the DOE Southern Great Plains (SGP) precipitation radars to investigate physical characteristics of clouds and precipitation, and use this knowledge in support of DOE ASR modeling efforts. The goal was to develop an integrated data set based on the SGP instrumentation to yield statistically robust fields to aid in the task of verifying simulated cloud dynamical and microphysical fields. For this effort we relied heavily on the ARM scanning precipitation radars, X-SAPR’s and C-SAPR, and also incorporating data from wind profilers, surface disdrometers and the nearby WSR-88D radar, KVNX. Initially we lent our expertise to quality controlling the data from the newly installed ARM radars, particularly the X-band polarimetric data, and additionally assessed automatic radial velocity unfolding algorithms developed by other ASR researchers. We focused our efforts on four cases from the MC3E field campaign in 2011 and developed a dataset including microphysical information derived from hydrometeor identification and kinematic analysis using multiple-Doppler retrieval techniques. This dataset became a PI product and was released to the community in 2014. This analysis was used to investigate the source of big drops (> 5 mm) observed with disdrometers at the surface. It was foundmore » that the big drops were coincident with the strongest updrafts, suggesting they resulted from the melting of large precipitation ice, likely hail. We teamed up with W-K Tao and T. Matsui to statistically compare radar-derived observational kinematics and microphysics to WRF model output for the 25 April 2011. Comparisons highlighted some areas where the model may need improvement, such as generating too much hail and big drops, as well as overly-strong updrafts and overly-weak of downdrafts.« less
Nutritional considerations for horses with colitis. Part 1: Nutrients and enteral nutrition

Summary The equine colon is the primary site of fibre digestion and water absorption. It is therefore not surprising that colitis and associated colonic dysfunction can result in severe nutritional derangements, which can be exacerbated by reduced feed intake in affected horses. Dietary management of colitis is important for optimum recovery. In broad terms, it should prioritise provision of nutrients to horses that otherwise have reduced appetites. In some forms, such as right dorsal colitis, as well as those with chronicity, nutritional recommendations include restricting or eliminating long-stem roughage from the diet and feeding a complete pelleted diet. Voluntary enteral nutrition is preferred, but horses that are not ingesting enough to meet the minimum recommended requirements as outlined, should be fed via nasogastric tube (if tolerated – no reflux, no ileus and no colic present; faecal output present). Parenteral nutrition may be necessary in some cases, as some colitis cases do not tolerate enteral feeding for reasons such as colic, intestinal dysmotility or abdominal distension. Timing and constitution of nutritional intervention is vital and should be tailored to the individual patient to prevent further complications of the disease process.
Structures and Algorithms for Two-Dimensional Adaptive Signal Processing

Two-dimensional adaptive filters have become a subject of active research recently because of their ability to take into account the inherent nonstationary statistical properties of images, as well as the two-dimensional statistical correlation present [1.11, 3.1, 3.2]. The extension of adaptive filtering techniques to two-dimensional applications such as adaptive differential pulse code modulation, wide band noise suppression, interference cancellation, image restoration and filter design requires adaptive filtering structures and algorithms with reduced computational complexity and fast convergence [1.12, 3.3]. Video compression techniques for high definition television, digitized standard resolution television, and multimedia applications exploit a wide range of classical signal processing tools. Adaptive filters can enhance the performance of the evolving compression standards for all types of digital video signals. These issues are of vital concern because of the large throughput rate required for real time image and video signal processing [1.11, 3.4–3.6]. The classical Wiener filter is not suitable in this environment because its low-pass characteristics result in blurred edges. Many applications require a linear prediction formulation and are ideal for adaptive filters.
spaceTexts: A new corpus of speeches in the UN committee on the peaceful uses of outer space

The study of space politics is presently inhibited by a paucity of available data. This paper introduces spaceTexts, a new dataset of speeches in the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. These yearly statements in the preeminent forum for space diplomacy shed new light on the positions and preferences of state and nonstate actors on a topic which has received relatively scant political science attention. The corpus is described and explored through unsupervised machine learning methods, namely structural topic models. The dataset is relevant to space policy and natural language processing research, as well as any scholar interested in the employment of textual data to better understand UN politics, the formation of international law and arms control regimes, and the evolution of dimensions of diplomatic conflict in international relations.
Understanding Fine Motor Patterns in Children with Autism Using a Haptic-Gripper Virtual Reality System

Many children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) experience deficits in fine motor skills as compared to their typically developing (TD) peers. It is possible that the differences in fine motor patterns of children with ASD may provide useful insight into clinical diagnosis and intervention of ASD. This paper presents a preliminary study that used machine learning approaches to recognize the motor patterns exhibited by children with ASD based on their fine motor data obtained during carefully designed manipulation tasks in a virtual haptic environment. Six children with ASD and six TD children (aged 8–12) participated in a study that presented a series of fine motor tasks using a novel Haptic-Gripper virtual reality system. The results revealed that the identification accuracy of several machine learning approaches such as k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are encouraging and can reach up to 80%, indicating the potential of such an approach in ASD identification and intervention.
Exchangeable cations and the pH-independent distribution of cation exchange capacities in Spodosols of a forested watershed

The cation exchange behavior of acid, high organic matter (OM) forest soils has been little studied. We measured cation exchange capacities (CEC) and exchangeable cations in fresh, field-moist samples from soil horizons of a forested mountain watershed in north central Vermont. CEC, measured by compulsive exchange on 148 horizon samples, ranged between 0.07 and 84.3 cmolc kg−1. Below pH 5.3, the CEC was linearly correlated with OM and was independent of pH. The amount of ‘permanent’ charge associated with the OM was about 30 cmolc kg−1. However, individual horizons exhibited pH-dependent charge behavior if the pH was adjusted during CEC measurement.
On the use of non-metallic fluids to simulate sodium expulsion

Abstract In this paper, the conditions that must be met in order for a non-metallic fluid to be used to simulate the dynamics of transient vaporization of a liquid metal in a channel (expulsion) are discussed. Three criteria for simulation are developed; they consist of a modeling of the hydrodynamics, power density, and vapor growth rate. These criteria are formulated in terms of dimensionless groups and sample calculations are performed for various fluids. The calculations clearly demonstrate that many non-metallic fluids can be used to simulate sodium expulsion, and the final choice of a particular fluid is determined by the most convenient ranges of pressure, temperature, and heat flux required for simulation.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Noncombat)

Sixty percent of U.S. men and 68% of U.S. women experience a traumatic event at some point during their lives (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, and Nelson, 1995; Resnick, Kilpatrick, Dansky, Saunders, & Best, 1993). Consequently, these individuals are at significant increased risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a debilitating anxiety disorder originally conceptualized to explain psychiatric symptoms of combat participants. The diagnosis of PTSD requires exposure to a traumatic event depicted by intense fear, helplessness, or horror (Criterion A), followed by symptoms of re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal enduring for at least one month (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition [DSM-IV]; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Examples of noncombat-related traumatic events include sexual assault, physical assault, natural disaster, serious accident, child sexual abuse, child physical abuse, child neglect, witnessing a traumatic event, and sudden loss of a loved one.
The Publication Game and the Education of Future Scholars

This papers centers In on the following two questions: 1) Should teachers encourage students to write in clear and direct ways, or is it wise to school people so that they can write in “a jargon only to be understood by the erudite few?” 2) Should editors of academic journals expect professional scholars to write in clear and direct ways? The author’s answer to these questions can be summarized as follows: All scholars, both students and professors, should immediately begin to write about their problems as clearly and directly as they can. Whenever possible, scholars should consult with others who have written about the problems under consideration; but when consulting the literature associated with one’s academic interest, it is always a mistake to learn the language of the professional for its own sake. And furthermore, students should seek out teachers who will help them become more clear about their academic interests, and professional scholars should submit their essays to editors who understand that scholarship may be worthwhile even if it is confused. In arguing for the toleration of some confusion in academic work, the author attempts to apply and interpret some of the ideas Sir Karl R. Popper has developed about language and the growth of human knowledge. Specifically, Popper’s philosophy of science is used as the basis for an educational philosophy that encourages teachers to help their students become less confused and more clear. In addition, Popper’s ideas on science and theory development suggest that it may be desirable to reform the way editors evaluate academic work. It is claimed that Popper’s views on the inability to avoid confusion suggest that editorial policies need to be liberalized.
Identification of a Receptor for Mouse Hepatitis Virus

There has recently heen renewed interest in the study of virus receptors1, 2. This stems from several causes: increased understanding about interactions of cell surface molecules with other ligands such as toxins and hormones; improved methodologies for studying molecules present on the plasma membrane in very small amounts; comprehensive information about the structure of virus attachment proteins which interact with receptors on the plasma membranes of susceptible cells; and enhanced interest in the potential role of virus receptors in determining the tissue tropisms and pathogenicity of virus infections in vivo.
Drop on Demand Colloidal Suspension Inkjet Patterning for DIC

Digital image correlation (DIC) is a non-contact, optical, full-field displacement measurement technique used to map deformations on a body under an applied load by tracking surface features. It is a widely used method in experimental mechanics, owed in part to its ease of setup, and applicability across length scales and material systems. Most commonly, DIC surface patterns consist of contrasting black and white speckles applied by spray paint or an airbrush, which can lack control and consistency of the distribution of speckle sizes. In this paper, drop on demand (DOD) inkjet printing of colloidal suspensions is introduced as a means to apply a speckle pattern with precision on the micro- to mesoscale. A dot array and pseudo-random DOD pattern are applied to high-density polyethylene (HDPE) specimens, tested in compression following ASTM D695-15, and compared with a traditional airbrush speckle method. The results show that the DOD pseudo-random pattern provides a more consistent strain measurement than the other two methods. The array DOD and airbrush patterns introduce erroneous signals which can be explained on the basis of two different principles. A directional pattern, such as the array DOD, is known to introduce errors in the displacement vector identification. For the random airbrush pattern, a quantification of the speckle sizes revealed a large fraction of speckles that had a characteristic length scale of around 1 pixel, which is known to introduce bias errors, since the sampling of the speckle pattern does not satisfy the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem. These findings illustrate the utility of DOD speckling for certain DIC applications.
Improving Communication Delay of Outpatient Sleep Study Results to Pediatric Otolaryngology Patients and Families.

ObjectiveWe undertook this quality improvement project to improve communication of outpatient pediatric sleep study results to families in a consistent and timely manner.MethodsBased on the Institu...
A Review of Control Methods for PMSM Torque Ripple Reduction

Torque ripple of PMSMs can be reduced in design, but elaborate designs can be costly to manufacture. If an optimized machine design is obtained, performance can be further improved through control. Torque pulsations, more specifically torque ripple in PMSMs, could be decreased by injecting current harmonics on top of the operating currents. With new semiconductor devices that can handle higher switching frequencies, using a technique that injects higher order harmonics is possible. These injected currents can be calculated based on different methods that look at the different sources of ripple. The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe ways to measure or estimate torque ripple, and review control methods, both old and new, that have been proposed to reduce it. The paper provides information to machine designers to be able to further optimize the performance of an otherwise already optimal machine.
Men of Little Faith Facing the Modern State: The Country Party Ideology in Great Britain

This chapter examines the “country party” theory in England and argues that it was not backward-looking and conservative as historians often claim, but rather exemplified a strong transatlantic liberal current of thought. This current is nowadays difficult to conceptualize because it rejects political modernization (centralization), while accepting the laissez-faire economics, modern Lockean individual liberty as well as cultural modernization. By concentrating mostly on their economic writings, the chapter demonstrates that Cato, Bolingbroke, Swift, and other country party thinkers essentially were indistinguishable from Adam Smith and David Hume in their renunciations of mercantilism, public debt, subsidies for corporations, and credit-paper induced false “prosperity.” What had been portrayed as their resistance to modern commerce, appears actually as their resistance to mercantilism. By using the British country party as a case study, we began to additionally flesh out in this chapter the contours of an alternative paradigm called “decoupled modernization,” which posits that political modernity in the form of a “fiscal-military state” devoted to mercantilism, must be divorced from economic, social, and cultural modernity which should be tied instead to older, medieval institutions of localism and federalism.
A Novel Series of [3.2.1] Azabicyclic Biaryl Ethers as α3β4 and α6/4β4 Nicotinic Receptor Agonists.

Key steps in the presented strategy are a diastereoselective Mitsunobu reaction to (III) followed by Suzuki coupling to (V).
Comparing Jailed Sandboxes vs Containers Within an Autograding System

With the continued growth of enrollment within computer science courses, it has become an increasing necessity to utilize autograding systems. These systems have historically graded assignments through either a jailed sandbox environment or within a virtual machine (VM). For a VM, each submission is given its own instantiation of a guest operating system and virtual hardware that runs atop the host system, preventing anything that runs within the VM communicating with any other VM or the host. However, using these VMs are costly in terms of system resources, making it less than ideal for running student submissions given reasonable, limited resources. Jailed sandboxes, on the other hand, run on the host itself, thus taking up minimal resources, and utilize a security model that restricts the process to specified directories on the system. However, due to running on the host machine, the approach suffers as new courses utilize autograding and bring their own set of potentially conflicting requirements for programming languages and system packages. Over the past several years, \em containers have seen growing popularity in usage within the software engineering industry as well as within autograding systems. Containers provide similar benefits of isolation as a VM while maintaining similar resource cost to running within a jailed sandbox environment. We present the implementation of both a jailed sandbox and container-based autograder, compare the running time and memory usage of the two implementations, and discuss the overall resource usage.
Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injuries in Critical and Progressive Care: Avoidable Versus Unavoidable

BACKGROUND Despite prevention strategies, hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) continue to occur, especially in critical care, raising the question whether some pressure injuries are unavoidable. OBJECTIVES To determine the proportion of HAPIs among patients in critical and progressive care units that are unavoidable, and to identify risk factors that differentiate avoidable from unavoidable HAPIs. METHODS This study used a descriptive retrospective design. Data collected included demographic information, Braden Scale scores, clinical risk factors, and preventive interventions. The Pressure Ulcer Prevention Inventory was used to categorize HAPIs as avoidable or unavoidable. RESULTS A total of 165 patients participated in the study. Sixty-seven HAPIs (41%) were unavoidable. Participants who had congestive heart failure (odds ratio [OR], 0.22; 95% CI, 0.06-0.76; P = .02), were chemically sedated (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.20-0.72; P = .003), had systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.27-0.99; P = .047), and received at least 1 vasopressor (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.23-0.86; P = .01) were less likely to have an unavoidable HAPI. Those with bowel management devices were more likely to have an unavoidable HAPI (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.02-4.71; P = .04). When length of stay was incorporated into the regression model, for each 1-day increase in stay, the odds of an unavoidable pressure injury developing increased by 4% (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.002-1.08; P = .04). Participants who had a previous pressure injury were 5 times more likely to have an unavoidable HAPI (OR, 5.27; 95% CI, 1.20-23.15; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Unavoidable HAPIs do occur; moreover, when preventive interventions are not documented and implemented appropriately, avoidable HAPIs occur.
Black Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Are Younger and More Commonly Female, but Have a Higher Incidence of Complex Karyotypes When Compared to Whites.

Abstract Abstract 2649 Poster Board II-625 Racial differences in clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes have been identified in a number of malignancies, but these relationships have not been extensively studied in the adult AML population. A single cooperative group study of a population that included 10% blacks (Sekeres, Blood 2004;103:4036) reported a higher incidence of several translocations, both favorable and unfavorable, as well as more frequent favorable and unfavorable and less frequent normal karyotypes in blacks, compared to whites. This study's goal was to examine the prevalence of karyotype abnormalities and FLT3 mutations in unselected patients of different racial backgrounds treated in our Cancer Center, which is in a large urban medical center with a diverse patient population. Secondary leukemia patients and older patients, who are underrepresented in clinical trials, were included in our study population. We retrospectively reviewed patients with a diagnosis of AML evaluated and treated at the University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center during the years 2000-2009. Cases were reviewed for age, sex, race, de novo or secondary AML onset, karyotype and FLT3 mutation status. Cytogenetic data were categorized into the favorable karyotypes t(15;17), t(8;21), inv(16) or t(16;16), normal and other intermediate karyotypes, and complex (3 or more unrelated numerical or structural cytogenetic changes) and other unfavorable karyotypes by Southwest Oncology Group criteria (Slovak, Blood 2000;96:4075). A total of 498 AML patients were identified. Cytogenetic data were available for 463 patients (93%), and FLT3 data for 153 (31%). Of the patients with available karyotype data, 333 (72%) were white, 91 (20%) black, 19 (4%) Hispanic, and 19 (4%) Asian. t(15;17), defining acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL, FAB M3), was more common in non-whites than whites (16% vs. 7%; p=0.006). As 92% of our population was white or black, further subgroup analysis was limited to differences between these two groups. Blacks presented at a significantly younger age than whites (54.5 years vs. 59.8 years; p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
LWIR Guided-Mode Resonant Metamaterial Devices

The long-wave IR spectral region spanning ∼3 to 13 μm contains spectral bands useful for many scientific and industrial applications. We discuss design, fabrication, and testing of example devices based on guided-mode resonant metamaterials.
An Interface for Verification and Validation of Unmanned Systems Mission Planning: Communicating Mission Objectives and Constraints

Anticipated advances in the use and capability of unmanned systems may increase the complexity in mission planning and human-machine teaming, creating challenges for mission performance, safety, and predictability. Verification and validation tools, such as model checking, have been applied to mission planning and is a promising approach but require expertise to use. This article describes the study of one such tool, with an interface that provides the human operator a way to communicate their high-level mission goals and objectives to the model checking software without having to learn temporal logics or syntax. We describe the development and refinement of a prototype, as well as an experiment testing if a verification and validation tool can improve mission planning compared to a baseline without a verification and validation tool. Results showed that a tool increased mission planning accuracy, while also increasing mission planning time. Also, subjective workload was not different between the two configurations (tool & baseline). These results indicated that verification and validation tools with a suitable interface can enable humans to communicate mission objectives and constraints to machines, improving performance, safety, and predictability. Results also suggested that additional research to improve this communication would further increase the benefits and impact of these kinds of tools.
Vexy thing: on gender and liberation

From the very title, Vexy Thing: On Gender and Liberation, compels us to ask difficult vexing questions. Perry challenges the reader to reexamine their understandings of patriarchy and power throug...
Gončarov polynomials in partition lattices and exponential families

Abstract Classical Goncarov polynomials arose in numerical analysis as a basis for the solutions of the Goncarov interpolation problem. These polynomials provide a natural algebraic tool in the enumerative theory of parking functions. By replacing the differentiation operator with a delta operator and using the theory of finite operator calculus, Lorentz, Tringali and Yan introduced the sequence of generalized Goncarov polynomials associated to a pair ( Δ , Z ) of a delta operator Δ and an interpolation grid Z . Generalized Goncarov polynomials share many nice algebraic properties and have a connection with the theories of binomial enumeration and order statistics. In this paper we give a complete combinatorial interpretation for any sequence of generalized Goncarov polynomials. First we show that they can be realized as weight enumerators in partition lattices. Then we give a more concrete realization in exponential families and show that these polynomials enumerate various enriched structures of vector parking functions.
Benchmarking Network Performance in Named Data Networking (NDN)

Named Data Networking is one of the most promising future Internet architectures with many advanced characteristics that are lacking in the existing TCP/IP-based Internet architecture. NDN features named content, built-in security, in-network caching, adaptive traffic routing, and multi-path forwarding. NDN can be used to mitigate traffic congestion and prioritize critical messages in both wired and wireless networks. It has particular advantages to deliver traffic over a disrupted and highly dynamic network environment because of its delay-tolerant and content-centric features. However, very few works have shown the real-world capacity of NDN over different types of network links. In this work, we benchmark the performance of NDN in various real network settings and make side-by-side comparisons with TCP/IP based approaches. We also demonstrate the strong capabilities of flexible forwarding strategies through prioritizing critical traffic over the network.
Towards online prediction of safety-critical landing metrics in aviation using supervised machine learning

Abstract In recent years, due to the increased availability of data and improvements in computing power, application of machine learning techniques to various aviation safety problems for identifying, isolating, and reducing risk has gained momentum. Data collected from on-board recorders in commercial aircraft contain thousands of parameters in the form of multivariate time-series (continuous, discrete, categorical, etc.) which are used to train the machine learning models. Among the phases of flight, approach and landing phases result in the most accidents and incidents. The performance and trajectory of the aircraft during the approach phase is an indicator of its landing performance which, in turn, affects incident or accident probability such as runway excursions. Landing performance is commonly measured using metrics such as landing airspeed, vertical speed, location of touchdown point on runway, etc. While current applications of machine learning to aviation focus on retrospective insights to implement corrective measures, they offer limited value for real-time risk identification or decision-making as they are inherently reactive in nature. In this work, a novel offline-online framework is developed for building a global predictive model offline to predict landing performance metrics online. The framework leverages flight data from the approach phase between certain approach altitudes (also called gates) in order to train the offline model to predict the landing true airspeed and ground speed using a Random Forest regression algorithm. Permutation importance is used to identify and retain important features among those available and the training data is balanced with respect to flight safety events to ensure a good performing model. The developed global model is robust and can predict landing true airspeed and ground speed with root mean square errors of 2.62 and 2.98 knots respectively over six different airframes operating at over seventy airports. The model operates fast in prediction mode which, coupled with the ability to provide the prediction at an altitude where a go-around decision may be made, makes it particularly suitable for online application. The framework is demonstrated using data obtained from commercial airline operations that contains thousands of flight records and performs better than existing techniques in literature at predicting true airspeed and ground speed at touchdown.
Sexual Harassment in the Workplace

The authors abhor and detest real (as defined by us) sexual harassment because it is personally and professionally destructive. (Similarly, we personally loathe prostitution, addictive drugs, and cigarette smoking. However, as libertarians, we advocate the legalization of all such despicable but victimless crimes.) We write that the current mish mash of EEOC regulations, laws, and court cases is itself vague, confusing, unjust, and ought to be repealed. We suggest a libertarian property values approach to resolving the problem.
Functional evaluation of proteolytic activation for the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: role of the P681H mutation

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the agent behind the current COVID-19 pandemic having emerged in Wuhan China in late 2019 from a yet to be determined animal reservoir. SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7, a variant identified in the UK in late 2020, contains a higher than typical level of point mutants across its genome, including P681H in the spike S1/S2 cleavage site. Here, we performed assays using fluorogenic peptides mimicking the S1/S2 sequence from Wuhan-Hu1 and B.1.1.7 and observed no definitive difference in furin cleavage between Wuhan-Hu1 and B.1.1.7 in vitro. We performed functional assays using pseudo-typed particles harboring SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and observed no significant differences between Wuhan-Hu1, Wuhan-Hu1 P681H or B.1.1.7 spike-carrying pseudo-typed particles in VeroE6 or Vero-TMPRSS2 cells, despite the spikes containing P681H being more efficiently cleaved. Likewise, we or show no differences in cell-cell fusion assays using the spike P681H-expressing cells. Our findings suggest that while the introduction of P681H in the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant may increase spike cleavage by furin-like proteases, this does not significantly impact viral entry or cell-cell spread. We consider that other factors are at play to account for the increased in transmission and disease severity attributed to this variant of concern (VOC).
Anisotype-gate self-aligned p-channel heterostructure field-effect transistors

A new self-aligned p-channel HFET structure was evaluated for application to complementary HFET (CHFET) circuits. The AlGaAs/InGaAs HFET structure uses an anisotype graded N+ InGaAs/GaAs semiconductor gate to enhance the barrier height of the FET, resulting in a significant reduction in gate leakage current at low voltages. The anisotype PFET also uses a non-alloyed graded InGaAs/GaAs ohmic contacts that are stable to temperature as high as 550 degrees C. With AlGaAs composition of x=0.3, and a thin AlAs spacer of 60AA, leakage current was reduced by a factor of about 1000 at gate voltage of 1 V, when compared to AlGaAs/InGaAs HIGFET of aluminum content x=0.75. The anisotype PFET maintains high device transconductance, typically 50 mS/mm for 1.3 x 10 mu m PFETs, high reverse breakdown voltages, 9-10 V, and low capacitance. Microwave S-parameter characterization resulted in F/sub t/ of 5 GHz for a 1*50 mu m PFET. >