cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relationship between agoraphobia symptoms and panic disorder in a non-clinical sample of adolescents.

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical correlates of agoraphobic fear and avoidance and panic disorder in a non-clinical sample of adolescents. Method In a sample of 2365 high school students, combined data from a questionnaire and a structured clinical interview were used to classify subjects with agoraphobic fear and avoidance. Panic symptoms, major depression, childhood separation anxiety disorder, anxiety sensitivity and negative affectivity were also assessed. Results Fifteen subjects met study criteria for agoraphobic fear and avoidance in the past year. Only three (20%) of those with agoraphobia symptoms reported histories of panic attacks and there was no overlap between those with agoraphobic fear and avoidance and the 12 subjects who met DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder. However, subjects with agoraphobia symptoms and those with panic disorder reported similar levels of anxiety sensitivity and negative affectivity. Childhood separation anxiety disorder was more common among those with agoraphobic fear and avoidance compared to those without. Conclusion Agoraphobic avoidance is rare in non-clinical samples of adolescents and usually not associated with panic attacks. However, adolescents with agoraphobia symptoms and those with panic disorder have similar clinical correlates consistent with a panic/agoraphobia spectrum model.
Test‐based accountability: Potential benefits and pitfalls of science assessment with student diversity

Recent test-based accountability policy in the U.S. has involved annually assessing all students in core subjects and holding schools accountable for adequate progress of all students by implementing sanctions when adequate progress is not met. Despite its potential benefits, basing educational policy on assessments developed for a student population of White, middle- and upper-class, and native speakers of English opens the door for numerous pitfalls when the assessments are applied to minority populations including students of color, low SES, and learning English as a new language. There exists a paradox; while minority students are a primary intended beneficiary of the test-based accountability policy, the assessments used in the policy have been shown to have many shortcomings when applied to these students. This article weighs the benefits and pitfalls that test-based accountability brings for minority students. Resolutions to the pitfalls are discussed, and areas for future research are recommended. 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 6-24, 2010
Best estimates for the construction of robots in environments with obstacles

The authors consider the design of robots that work in environments with obstacles. The environment and the obstacles are fixed and the robot consists of telescoping links with two degrees of freedom each, one revolute and one prismatic. The objective is to estimate the lowest number of telescoping links that the robot should have so that it can reach all the points in the workspace that are not inside the obstacles. Several estimates are derived for the planar case using different polygonal shapes for the obstacles and the outside boundary of the environment. An algorithm for finding a suboptimal estimate for the number of links in the plane is outlined. Some results for the three-dimensional case with polyhedral obstacles are obtained. >
Leadership in Online Learning in Higher Education: Why Instructional Designers for Online Learning Should Lead the Way

With the increase in demand for online education at the university level has also come the “recognition that in order to be effective, such programs cannot simply be on-line replicas of the instruction delivered in classrooms” (Reiser, 2001, p. 64). An environment of collaboration with a shared vision is needed to bring faculty expertise together with online learning design and technological expertise. This article addresses why and how instructional designers should lead the way.
Relational and sexual fluidity in females partnered with male-to-female transsexual persons.

Accessible summary • Healthcare providers are in a privileged position to counsel and offer resources to patients who identify as sexually or gender-diverse, or who are in relationships with sexually or gender-diverse persons. To optimize health outcomes in these persons, a call has been made to increase providers' awareness of sexually diverse populations. • This research builds upon existing knowledge on female sexuality through its examination of female sexuality in relationships in which one partner discloses as male-to-female transsexual. • Sexual and relational orientation can be fluid, and can evolve within a relationship. Females partnered with male-to-female transsexual persons reported reforming their sexual relations with their partners. They reported maintaining a heterosexual identity, yet reconceptualizing their relationships and sexuality to be situation-dependent. For example, language such as ‘situational lesbian’ was reported. The study findings also demonstrate that female sexuality within these relationships can range from cessation of sexual relations to a continuation of relations without disruption. • Healthcare providers need to be aware of fluidity and diversity among sexuality and relationships, and allow for expression of an expansive range of relationships and/or sexual activity. Abstract This paper reports on a study examining sexuality in females who remain partnered with male-to-female transsexual persons. Participants' self-view and sexual fluidity following their partners' transition from man to woman is examined. Sixteen females participated in in-depth, semi-structured interviews. An inductive process of data analysis was conducted, using the constant comparative method, an iterative process by which data are compared within and across subjects. Data were collected until thematic saturation was achieved. Four themes related to sexuality emerged: (1) questioning of sexual orientation; (2) sexual orientation categorization; (3) relational fluidity without sexual relations; and (4) relational fluidity with sexual relations. Participants maintained a heterosexual identity, yet modified their self-view to include an identity that reflected their reformed relationship. The majority of the respondents reported sexual lives that were active or evolving. Others remained in relationships that no longer included sexual activity. The study findings highlight the potential fluidity within the sexual and relational lives of females, and can enhance healthcare providers' preparedness and efficacy with diverse populations. Providers are in a unique position to offer resources to patients who identify as sexually or gender-diverse, or who are in relationships with sexually or gender-diverse persons.
What is the role of cell division in leaf development

Abstract An idea underlying a great deal of research and discussion in plant cell and developmental biology is that the spatial regulation of cell division plays a key role in plant development. In this article, the role of cell division in two aspects of leaf development is analysed: morphogenesis (leaf initiation, growth, and the generation of leaf shape) and histogenesis (the differentiation of leaf cells to form the various cell types that make up a functional leaf). The point of view that emerges from this analysis is that the rate and pattern of cell division is important for leaf development, but does not dictate leaf size, shape, or cell fate.
Acid adaptation in Streptococcus mutans UA159 alleviates sensitization to environmental stress due to RecA deficiency

A RecA-deficient stain of Streptococcus mutans, isolated previously, was found to be more susceptible than the prototroph organism to acid killing and also showed reduced colony-forming ability on sucrose-containing medium. The deficient strain was able to grow in chemostat culture at a low pH value of 5 and did not show reduced capacity to produce acid in standard pH-drop experiments with excess glucose. Moreover, it was able to undergo an adaptive response when grown at a low pH to become more resistant to acid killing and also to killing by ultraviolet radiation or hydrogen peroxide. In fact, after adaptation, it was nearly as resistant as the prototroph strain. These findings were interpreted, in part, in terms of an acid-inducible DNA repair system which functions independently of RecA.
Flexible multimedia content retrieval using InfoNames

Multimedia content is a dominant fraction of Internet usage today. At the same time, there is significant heterogeneity in video presentation modes and operating conditions of Internet-enabled devices that access such content. Users are often interested in the content, rather than the specific sources or the formats. The host-centric format of the current Internet does not support these requirements naturally. Neither do the recent data-centric naming proposals, since they rely on naming content based on raw byte-level hashing schemes. We argue that to meet these requirements, enabling content retrieval mechanisms to name and query directly for the underlying information is a good way forward. In addition to decoupling content from available sources and transfer protocols, these "information-aware names" or InfoNames explicitly decouple the information from content presentation factors as well. We envision an InfoName Resolution System (IRS) to resolve location based on InfoNames, while taking into account the operating conditions of devices. In this demo, we present an application to show how InfoNames can serve as presentation-invariant and portable names to fetch video content independent of device capabilities and resource constraints.
Clinical presentation and optimal management for intramedullary cavernous malformations.

Object. Intramedullary cavernous malformations (CMs) account for approximately 5% of all intraspinal lesions. The purpose of this study was to define the spectrum of presentation for spinal intramedullary CMs and the results of microsurgery for these benign but clinically progressive lesions. Methods. Retrospective chart review was performed in 26 patients with histologically diagnosed CMs. All patients had undergone preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies. All patients were treated with a laminectomy and microsurgical resection of the malformation. Conclusions. The MR imaging findings are diagnostic for intramedullary CMs; these lesions abut a pial surface and have a characteristic imaging pattern. Spinal intramedullary CMs present with either an acute onset of neurological compromise or a slowly progressive neurological decline. Acute neurological decline occurs secondary to hemorrhage inside the spinal cord. Chronic progressive myelopathy occurs due to microhemorrhages and resulting gliotic reaction to blood products. Surgery and total removal of the lesion tends to halt progression of symptoms.
Power Adaptation in Multi-hop Sensor Networks for Energy Minimization

The power adaptation issue for multi-hop sensor networks is considered in this paper to minimize the energy consumption with a given requirement of the average end-to-end bit error rate (BER) performance. To optimize the power adaptation, a nonlinear programming problem is formulated and an analytical result is derived from its Karush-Kuhb-Tucker (KKT) necessary conditions. Numerical examples are presented to compare the networks with the proposed power adaptation scheme and a distributed power adaptation scheme, in which the transmitter of each individual hop adjusts its transmission power based on its own channel state information (CSI) and a specified BER requirement for this hop. A significant energy saving is achieved with the use of the proposed scheme.
Trapping of a Nonpeptide Ligand by the Extracellular Domains of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Results in Insurmountable Antagonism

Drugs that exhibit insurmountable antagonism are proposed to provide improved clinical efficacy through extended receptor blockade. Long-term suppression of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) is an important therapeutic approach for a number of sex hormone-dependent diseases. In this study, we describe the mechanism and structural components required for insurmountable activity of a GnRHR antagonist. TAK-013 behaves as an insurmountable antagonist at the human receptor (hGnRHR) but as a surmountable antagonist at the macaque receptor (mGnRHR). Mutation of the eight residues that differ between hGnRHR and mGnRHR identified Ser-203 and Leu-300 in extracellular loops (ECL) 2 and 3 of hGnRHR as essential for the insurmountability of TAK-013. Substitution of the corresponding residues in mGnRHR with Ser and Leu (mGnRHR-P203S/V300L) converts TAK-013 to an insurmountable antagonist. In addition, mutation of Met-24 to Leu in the amino terminus of hGnRHR also ablates the insurmountable antagonism of TAK-013. The mechanism of insurmountability of TAK-013 was determined to be governed by its rate of dissociation from the receptor. Although the association rates of TAK-013 to hGnRHR, mGnRHR, and mGnRHR-P203S/V300L do not differ, the dissociation rate half-life correlates closely with the degree of insurmountability observed (169, 9, and 55 min, respectively). Taken together, these data suggest a model of the GnRHR in which ECL2, ECL3, and the amino terminus engage with TAK-013 upon its binding to the transmembrane region of the receptor. These additional interactions form a "trap door" above TAK-013, restricting its dissociation and thus resulting in its insurmountability.
Diagnosis and management of a malignant granulosa cell tumor in a holstein nulligravida: A case study

Transrectal palpation of an 18-mo-old, anestrous Holstein nulligravida revealed an enlarged left ovary. Ultrasonographically, the mass resembled known equine granulosa cell tumor (GCT) images. Slowly, virilism developed. Fifty-five days after initial diagnosis, unilateral ovariectomy was performed The presurgical serum concentration of testosterone was equal to that of a mature bull. During the 3 mo period following surgery, estrus expression resumed, the serum testosterone concentration returned to baseline, and the heifer was diagnosed pregnant following AI. A low grade, malignant GCT was the final histopathologically diagnosis. Clinical diagnosis of GCT should involve ultrasonography and steroid hormone assay. An ultrasound image, similar to the one shown, may be characteristic of GCT in the bovine.
Layered modular action control for communicative humanoids

Face-to-face interaction between people is generally effortless and effective. We exchange glances, take turns speaking and make facial and manual gestures to achieve the goals of the dialogue. This paper describes an action composition and selection architecture for synthetic characters capable of full-duplex, real-time face-to-face interaction with a human. This architecture is part of a computational model of psychosocial dialogue skills, called Y_m_i_r_, that bridges between multimodal perception and multimodal action generation. To test the architecture, a prototype humanoid has been implemented, named G_a_n_d_a_ l_f_, who commands a graphical model of the solar system and can engage in task-directed dialogue with people using speech, manual and facial gesture. Gandalf has been tested in interaction with users and has been shown capable of fluid turn-taking and multimodal dialogue. The primary focus in this paper will be on the action selection mechanisms and low-level composition of motor commands. An overview is also given of the Ymir model and Gandalf's graphical representation.
Wake Fields and Instabilities

While discussing self fields of a charged particle bunch, we noticed a significant effect from nearby metallic surfaces. The dynamics of individual particles as well as collective dynamics of the whole bunch depends greatly on the electromagnetic interaction with the environment. Such interactions must be discussed in more detail to establish stability criteria for particle beams.
Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy

The video capsule endoscope has revolutionized the evaluation of the small bowel mucosa. Safe, noninvasive, and accurate, capsule endoscopy has become instrumental in the investigation of the small bowel for obscure bleeding, Crohn’s disease, small intestinal tumors, ulcers, strictures, arteriovenous malformations, and other disorders, providing access to bowel segments previously inaccessible by push enteroscopy and ileocolonoscopy. Capsule endoscopy is complementary to imaging tests (computerized tomographic enterography and magnetic resonance enterography) and deep enteroscopy (double-balloon, single-balloon, and intraoperative enteroscopy). This chapter provides a comprehensive review of small bowel capsule endoscopy in adult patients, including discussion of such issues as bowel preparation, procedure protocol, technical details of currently available capsules as well as those in development, the diagnostic yield and accuracy for obscure bleeding, anemia, Crohn’s disease and other indications, contraindications and complications, current limitations of capsule technology, and future possibilities.
Multiwavelength transport networks

Optical fiber technology has offered the most efficient method of transporting signals between switch-node locations in telecommunications networks for a number of years now. However, functionality beyond mere single-channel, point-to-point transmission is still firmly embedded in the electronic domain for commercial transport networks. Considerable progress is being made in optical-component technologies, and it is important to recognize the ways in which network infrastructure might be improved by exploiting those technologies.
Rejecting the Ethnic Community in Little Caesar, The Public Enemy, and Scarface

Film scholars commonly suggest that the 1930s American movie gangster represented marginalized Italian and Irish-American film-goers, and that these gangsters provided a visual and aural outlet for ethnic audience frustrations with American societal mores. However, while movie gangsters clearly struggle with WASP society, the ethnic gangster’s struggle against his own community deserves further exploration. The main characters in gangster films of the early 1930s repeatedly forge an individualistic identity and, in consequence, separate themselves from their ethnic peers and their family, two major symbols of their communal culture. This rejection of community is also a rejection of the distinctly Italian or Irish gangster’s religious past which, as Catholic, heavily relied on communal relations, especially in early 20th century America. Little Caesar (1930), The Public Enemy (1931), and Scarface (1932) aesthetically construct this break with community spatially and audibly, with off-screen sound playing a major role in emphasizing the individualization of the gangster protagonist. These films also refuse to suggest that gangsters can reintegrate themselves into their ethnic or religious culture after they establish their individuality. Therefore, the gangster’s attempt to overcome social parameters makes him a public enemy, but his attempt to individualize himself from his ethnic community irreconcilably separates him from his ethnic peers and his family.
Megakaryocytic maturation in murine long-term bone marrow culture: role of interleukin-6

Megakaryocytic maturation was analyzed in long-term bone marrow cultures in the absence of added growth factors. Megakaryocytes could be observed for periods of up to 13 weeks in both the supernatant and stromal layer of these cultures. Using acetylcholinesterase staining for enumeration and sizing of megakaryocytes, and a novel rat antimu-rine platelet monoclonal antibody (MoAb) that detects only megakaryocytes in bone marrow, the number, volume, and ploidy of these cells were assessed microscopically and by flow cytometry. Correlation of these measurements with ambient interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels showed no relationship between IL-6 bioactivity and megakaryocyte number. Conversely, the relatively high IL-6 bioactivity present during the first 2 weeks of culture was correlated with increased megakaryocytic size and ploidy, while the relatively lower IL-6 bioactivity present after week 3 corresponded to decreased megakaryocytic size and ploidy. Addition of neutralizing anti-IL-6 MoAb decreased megakaryocytic size and ploidy at times when ambient IL-6 levels were relatively high, while the addition of exogenous IL-6 increased size and ploidy at times when endogenous IL-6 concentrations were low. The data show that long-term bone marrow cultures can be used as a means to evaluate megakaryocytic maturation in vitro, and suggest that, to some extent, IL-6 plays a role in the maturation process in this system. © 1991 by The American Society of Hematology.
Adenosine metabolism and myocardial preservation. Consequences of adenosine catabolism on myocardial high-energy compounds and tissue blood flow.

The nature of the metabolic events leading to irreversible damage of the ischemic myocardium are not known. We tested the hypothesis that catabolism of adenosine triphosphate precursors limits the regeneration of this high-energy compound following ischemic insult. Dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) had the aorta cross-clamped for 20 minutes at normothermia and 30 minutes later CPB was discontinued. Mean pre-CPB values (μmoles/gm) in left ventricular biopsies for ATP, creatine phosphate (CP), ADP, and AMP were 5.30, 6.18, 1.32 and 0.43, respectively. Adenosine (Ad), inosine, and hypoxanthine/xanthine were not detectable. At the end of cross-clamping, ATP had fallen to 2.80 and CP to 0.57; however, the predicted rise in the levels of ADP, AMP, and Ad was not found. The levels of inosine (1.23) and hypoxanthine/xanthine (0.24) increased, an indication that ADP, AMP, and Ad had been further catabolized. Following release of the cross-clamp, ATP levels did not increase; even 60 minutes after termination of CPB this level was only 3.07. CP levels rose to 10.2 within 5 minutes after cross-clamp release, indicating high-energy bonds could be formed. EHNA (10 mg/kg), an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, was used to test the effect of blocking Ad catabolism. At the end of cross-clamping, tissue Ad, previously unmeasurable, was 1.30 μmoles/gm. Nevertheless, ATP levels did not rebound after release of the cross-clamp; the reason was found to be cellular loss, and the coronary sinus blood contained high levels of Ad. Ad (20 mg/kg) infusion alone increased myocardial blood flow fivefold compared to flow in control dogs, but did not alter subsequent ATP levels. Combined EHNA/Ad treatment similarly increased flow but, more importantly, resulted in recovery of ATP levels to 88% of pre-CPB values. We conclude that ATP regeneration after ischemia is limited by the availability of ADP, AMP, and Ad. Inhibition of Ad catabolism and infusion of Ad will enhance ATP return from ischemia. Current preservation methods, chiefly hypothermia and cardioplegia, are designed to decrease ATP utilization. Our approach, by providing precursors for ATP recovery, may further improve myocardial preservation.
Warren, R., Rea, P., & Payne, S. (2007). Park and recreation maintenance management

(2007). Warren, R., Rea, P., & Payne, S. (2007). Park and recreation maintenance management. SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 107-109.
Results of the Second Round of the International Self-Report Delinquency (ISRD2) Study: Importance of Education and Social Learning for 12–15 Year Olds

The first part of this chapter describes the basic structural contours of youth crime and victimization in a comparative perspective; the second part of the chapter focuses on the importance of school, education and social learning. Accordingly, this chapter reports on the results of a large international collaborative study of juvenile delinquency and victimization (International Self Report Delinquency Study—ISRD2) conducted in 30 countries between 2006 and 2008. About 68,000 pupils in grades 7, 8 and 9 (12–15 year old) answered questions about alcohol and drug use, offending, victimization, family, school, friends, neighborhood and attitudes towards violence. Presentation of the results uses six country clusters, based on an expansion of Esping-Andersen’s (1990) welfare regimes: Anglo-Saxon countries (liberal model), West-European countries (corporatist model), Scandinavian countries (social democratic model), South European countries (Mediterranean model), Post-socialist countries, and a Latin American group. The overall result is that delinquent behavior and victimization is a rather common, typical experience among most youth. Youth who spend more time with family rather than friends, and youth who like school and perform well are less likely to commit delinquent acts (and be victimized) than their counterparts. This finding is true for all 30 countries in the study.
Perceptions of child beauty pageants and their impacts: What really lies behind the tiara?

Child beauty pageants continue to be controversial, particularly as more beauty pageant reality television programs appear. One common complaint about child pageants are that they are sexualizing t...
Coefficient of performance of Stirling refrigerators

Stirling coolers transfer heat in or out of the working fluid during all four stages of their operation, and their coefficient of performance depends on whether the non-isothermal heat exchanges are performed reversibly or irreversibly. Both of these possibilities can in principle be arranged. Notably, if the working fluid is an ideal gas, the input of energy in the form of heat during one isochoric step is equal in magnitude to the output during the other isochoric step in the cycle. The theoretical performance of the fridge can then attain the reversible Carnot limit if a regenerator is used, which is a high heat capacity material through which the gas flows. Various Stirling refrigerator configurations are analysed in this article at a level of presentation suitable for an introductory undergraduate thermodynamics course.
Does reduction in sciatica symptoms precede improvement in disability and physical health among those treated surgically for intervertebral disc herniation? Analysis of temporal patterns in data from the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial.

Abstract Background Context Pain, pain-related disability, and functional limitations are common consequences of intervertebral disc herniation (IDH). We hypothesized that surgical treatment reduces pain, leading to improvement in pain-related disability and, ultimately, better physical health. Purpose The present study aims to evaluate pathways for improvements in quality of life during the first year after surgery for IDH by studying temporal relationships between sciatica symptoms, pain-related disability, and physical health. Design This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial using an “as treated” dataset. Patient Sample The sample comprised 803 patients in the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial. Outcome Measures We used the Sciatica Bothersome Index, Oswestry Disability Index, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 physical component score. Methods We included 803 patients in the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial who underwent elective decompressive surgery for IDH between 2000 and 2004. Sciatica, pain-related disability, and physical health were assessed preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively using the Sciatica Bothersome Index, Oswestry Disability Index, and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 physical component score, respectively. Temporal associations of improvement in sciatica with pain-related disability and physical health were assessed using cross-lagged path analysis. p Results Preoperatively, mean scores were 16.2±5.2 for sciatica, 54.2±20.7 for pain-related disability, and 29.8±8.4 for physical health. After adjustment for patient age and symptom duration, cross-lagged path analysis showed that sciatica reduction at 3 months was correlated with pain-related disability reduction at 3 months (ρ=.76, p Conclusion Three months after surgery, patients reported reduced sciatica and pain-related disability. Improvements in pain and pain-related disability occurred within 3 months. Early reduction in pain-related disability is important because path analysis indicated that disability at 3 months was predictive of sciatica and physical health at 1 year.
DIFFERENCE APPROXIMATIONS FOR SINGULAR PERTURBATION PROBLEMS

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights difference approximations for singular perturbation problems. It discusses the results obtained. In discussing stiff equations within the case, h|A| >1, the chapter highlights two difficulties: (1) the matrix A has large eigenvalues of both signs and (2) there are turning points, that is, these large eigenvalues are changing sign. The first difficulty can be overcome by transforming A to block diagonal form. In this case, h|A0| ≪ 1 and the eigenvalues of A-1, A1 have large negative and positive real parts, respectively. This transformation changes rapidly when approaching a turning point. Near turning points one often has to choose hv such that hv|A| ≪1.
Deciphering Human Gut Microbiota–Nutrient Interactions: A Role for Biochemistry

The human gut contains trillions of microorganisms that play a central role in many aspects of host biology, including the provision of key nutrients from the diet. However, our appreciation of how gut microbes and their extensive metabolic capabilities affect the nutritional status of the human host is in its infancy. In this Perspective, we highlight how recent efforts to elucidate the biochemical basis for gut microbial metabolism of dietary components are reshaping our view of these organisms’ roles in host nutrition. Gaining a molecular understanding of gut microbe–nutrient interactions will enhance our knowledge of how diet affects host health and disease, ultimately enabling personalized nutrition and therapeutics.
Characterization of the Calmodulin-Binding Domain of Calcineurin Deduced from a Complementary DNA Clone

An essential role for Ca2+- and calmodulin (CaM)-dependent events in neuronal transduction is suggested by the high amounts of this Ca2+binding protein in the central nervous system. Further, several enzymes that it modulates (adenylate cyclase, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, protein kinase and the phosphoprotein phosphatase, calcineurin) have their highest concentrations in the brain, implicating Ca2+- regulated cyclic nucleotide and phosphoprotein metabolism in intracellular signaling. Importantly, the multifunctional CaM-dependent protein kinase is known to be the major protein in post-synaptic densities1,2, consistent with a critical function for phosphoproteins in neurotransmission
Modification of Cyclodextrins to Control their Guest-Host Chemistry and their Applications as Chemosensors

Capped cyclodextrins are prepared by reaction with a planar porphine molecule capable of hydrogen bonding to hydroxyl groups of the torus-shaped cyclodextrin. Absorption, fluorescence and NMR data indicated the formation of a semi-closed assembly where the porphine molecule “caps” the cyclodextrin, closing off one end of the cyclodextrin host. A quantitative change in the absorption profile of an assembly prepared from highly water-soluble 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD and planar 4, 4′4″,4‴-(21H, 23H-porphine-5,10,15, 20-tetrayl)tetrakis benzoic acid (POR) occurred highly selectively in response to a guest-host complexation of pentachlorophenol.
Definition of Variables and Variable States

This chapter continues from the previous in familiarizing the reader with the observations and variables – the rows and columns – in the HOPEBIOARCH data base. Here, we consider the 545 qualitative and quantitative variables used to describe the burials and ceremonial deposits within the ceremonial sites described by the data base. The variables in the data base are of roughly six kinds (Table 8.1). The first 13 define the provenience and context of each observation: the site, mound, burial or ceremonial deposit designation, the primary source of information about the provenience, whether it is a burial or deposit, whether human remains in burial contexts were cremated, inhumed, or burned, the spatial cluster of graves in which it occurs within the mound, and associations among individuals within graves that contain multiple persons.
Multiphoton Approaches to Studying Ocular Structure and Biomechanics

Multiphoton (MP) imaging using femtosecond lasers provides a non-invasive means of imaging the structural organization of the eye through the generation of second harmonic signals (SHG) from collagen and two photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) from elastin. To map the collagen and elastin organization within the eye we have used computed tomography on optical and mechanical sectioned tissue to generate high-resolution macroscopic (HRMac) images that cover the entire tissue. 3-Dimensional tomographs varied in size from 9 to 90 Meg pixels per plane, had a pixel resolution of 0.44 µm lateral and 2.0 µm axial, and covered regions extending from 9 mm2 to 100 mm2. These reconstructions allowed for regional measurements within the cornea and optic nerve to quantify collagen and elastin content, orientation and organization over the entire tissue that could be directly correlated to tissue stiffness using biomechanical testing.
A Survey of the Ant1 Fauna and Seasonal Alate Nuptial Flights at Two Locations in South-Central Texas

Alate ants captured in a Johnson-Taylor suction trap at two locations in South-Central Texas from March 1979 to August 1980 were preserved, counted, and identified to species and sex. At the College Station site, 24 species/morphospecies were identified, with three species being new Brazos County records; at the Ellis Prison Unit, 22 species/morphospecies were identified, with seven new Walker County records. Monomorium talbotae DuBois was collected from both counties and had not been previously reported from Texas. At the College Station site, the number of species/morphospecies and total number of alates collected were greatest in early to late summer. While peak alate nuptial flights coincided with warm temperatures during the late spring and summer months, rainfall seemed to have a less direct effect on the timing of nuptial flights.
Controlling the Surface Properties of Binary Polymer Brush-Coated Colloids via Targeted Nanoparticles.

This paper explores a novel mechanism for controlling the surface properties of polymer-coated colloids using targeted (“sticky”) nanoparticles which attract monomers of certain polymer species. In our study, colloids are coated by two types of tethered polymer chains having different chemical properties. Attraction of nanoparticles to the monomers of one polymer type causes these polymer chains to contract toward the grafting surface, rendering the other type more exposed to the environment. Thus, the effective surface properties of the colloid are dominated by the intended polymer type. We use coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulation to demonstrate that introducing nanoparticles which interact preferentially with certain types of polymers makes it possible to switch between different surface properties of the colloid. This mechanism can in principle be exploited in drug delivery systems and self-assembly applications.
Synthesis, Structure, and Fluorescence Behavior of Profluorescent 8‐Amino BODIPY Nitroxides

Author(s): Schultz-Simonton, Wiley; Skelly, Patrick; Chakraborty, Indranil; Mascharak, Pradip; Braslau, Rebecca
Time Traveling to Strangle Strangi (and Kill the Monster Again), Part 1

In part one of a two-part article, the author places the recent cases, such as Strangi, including some family limited partnership (FLP) interests in a partner's estate as part of the historic struggle between applying section 2036 to partnership and corporate interests and limiting its application to trust interests. Dees advances the novel argument that Congress resolved this question in 1990 when it enacted chapter 14 as a comprehensive statute addressing valuation issues with specific rules and rejected the estate inclusion approach of section 2036(c). Dees demonstrates that the Strangi cases create the same problems as section 2036(c), the Monster That Ate Estate Planning. As a result, the courts should never have applied section 2036 to partnership or corporate interests, and the author contends that it was a failure in drafting section 2704 in chapter 14 that led to the current section 2036 (Monster) Cases. Although chapter 14 should foreclose the application of section 2036 to partnership and corporate interests, Dees also considers other legal issues the courts have failed to address. Dees concludes by conceding that the unfavorable facts of the Monster Cases have led to those decisions. However, Dees offers an alternative test allowing the courts to reach nearly the same results without applying section 2036 or contradicting chapter 14.
Comparison of surgical versus diet-induced weight loss on appetite regulation and metabolic health outcomes.

Bariatric surgery is associated with significant and sustained weight loss and improved metabolic outcomes. It is unclear if weight loss alone is the main mechanism of improved metabolic health. The purpose of this trial was to compare indices of appetite regulation, insulin sensitivity and energy intake (EI) between participants achieving 10 kg of weight loss via Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) or dietary restriction (DIET); intake of a very low calorie liquid diet (800 kcal/d; 40% protein, 40% fat, 20% carbohydrate that matched the post-RYGB dietary protocol). Adults qualifying for bariatric surgery were studied before and after 10 kg of weight loss (RYGB [n = 6]) or DIET [n = 17]). Appetite (hunger, satiety, and prospective food consumption [PFC]), appetite-related hormones, and metabolites (ghrelin, PYY, GLP-1, insulin, glucose, free fatty acids [FFA], and triglycerides [TG]) were measured in the fasting state and every 30 min for 180 min following breakfast. Participants were provided lunch to evaluate acute ad libitum EI, which was similarly reduced in both groups from pre to post weight loss. Fasting ghrelin was reduced to a greater extent following RYGB compared to DIET (P = 0.04). Area under the curve (AUC) for ghrelin (P = 0.01), hunger (P < 0.01) and PFC (P < 0.01) increased after DIET compared to RYGB, following 10 kg weight loss. Satiety AUC increased after RYGB and decreased after DIET (P < 0.01). Glucose and insulin (fasting and AUC) decreased in both groups. FFA increased in both groups, with a greater increase in AUC seen after RYGB versus DIET (P = 0.02). In summary, appetite-related indices were altered in a manner that, if maintained, may promote a sustained reduction in energy intake with RYGB compared to DIET. Future work with a larger sample size and longer follow-up will be important to confirm and extend these findings.
Efficient Test Generation for Trojan Detection using Side Channel Analysis

Detection of hardware Trojans is vital to ensure the security and trustworthiness of System-on-Chip (SoC) designs. Side-channel analysis is effective for Trojan detection by analyzing various side-channel signatures such as power, current and delay. In this paper, we propose an efficient test generation technique to facilitate side-channel analysis utilizing dynamic current. While early work on current-aware test generation has proposed several promising ideas, there are two major challenges in applying it on large designs: (i) the test generation time grows exponentially with the design complexity, and (ii) it is infeasible to detect Trojans since the side-channel sensitivity is marginal compared to the noise and process variations. Our proposed work addresses both challenges by effectively exploiting the affinity between the inputs and rare (suspicious) nodes. We formalize the test generation problem as a searching problem and solve the optimization using genetic algorithm. The basic idea is to quickly find the profitable test patterns that can maximize switching in the suspicious regions while minimize switching in the rest of the circuit. Our experimental results demonstrate that we can drastically improve both the side-channel sensitivity (30x on average) and time complexity (4.6x on average) compared to the state-of-the-art test generation techniques.
On a measurement approach to support evaluation of thermal scattering law data

Abstract Inelastic thermal neutron scattering in materials that act as neutron moderators, reflectors, and filters results in shaping the neutron spectrum at low energies. This phenomenon is described using differential scattering cross sections calculated from three components including the bound atom (i.e., nuclear) scattering cross section of the neutron, the ratio of the outgoing and incoming neutron energy, and the thermal scattering law (TSL), i.e., S(α,β), where α and β represent dimensionless momentum and energy exchange variables, respectively. To date, no TSL libraries are generated using measured data. However, valuable information may be derived from measurements and “targeted” experiments that can validate TSL data and the related inelastic scattering cross sections. As a demonstration, a suite of coordinated measurements and experiments is described that was designed and used to support the evaluation of the TSL for “nuclear” graphite. This experimental suite includes neutron powder diffraction (for structure analysis), positron annihilation (for nano porosity assessment), inelastic neutron scattering measurements using a chopper spectrometer, transmission experiments using neutrons with energy below the Bragg cutoff thereby accessing the total (inelastic) cross section, and a slowing-down-time experiment to observe the developing neutron spectrum in the material. This experimental suite was key to understanding the difference in TSL between “nuclear” and “ideal” graphite and for the inclusion of “nuclear” graphite in the ENDF/B-VIII.0 nuclear data library release.
Effect of chamber surface coat on TiN film growth

The growth rate of titanium nitride (TiN) film is compared between preventive maintenance (PM) rounds showing differences in starting deposition rate after chamber coats and the number of coats required to return to optimal deposition rate. It is important to reach the constant deposition rate for process stability, and it is hypothesized that the self-limiting nature of atomic layer deposition (ALD) and surface conditions of the chamber parts exposed to the TiN film are the driving factors for the change in growth of the TiN film. Surface characterization of key chamber parts are analyzed and correlated to TiN film deposition rate.
Long-Term Culture of Giardia lamblia in Cell Culture Medium Requires Intimate Association with Viable Mammalian Cells.

ABSTRACT Giardia lamblia is usually cultured axenically in TYI-S-33, a complex medium which does not permit survival and growth of mammalian cells. Likewise, medium commonly used to maintain and grow mammalian cells does not support healthy trophozoite survival for more than a few hours. The inability to coculture trophozoites and epithelial cells under optimal conditions limits studies of their interactions as well as interpretation of results. Trophozoites of the WB isolate but not the GS isolate were repeatedly adapted to grow stably in long-term cocultures with Caco2, Cos7, and mouse tumor rectal (RIT) cell lines using hybridoma-screened Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium and 10% fetal calf serum. Giardia did not grow in spent cell culture medium or when separated by a permeable membrane using transwell methodology. Giardia chronically cocultured with specific cell lines became adapted (conditioned). These Giardia cocultures grew better than nonconditioned trophozoites, and the cell lines differed in their ability to support trophozoite growth in the order of RIT > Cos7 > Caco2. Trophozoites conditioned on one cell line and then grown in the presence of a heterologous cell line changed their growth rate to that seen in conditioned Giardia from the heterologous cell line. Trophozoite survival required intimate contact with cells, suggesting that trophozoites obtain an essential nutrient or growth factor from mammalian cells. This may explain why Giardia trophozoites adhere to the small intestinal epithelium during human and animal infections. This coculture system will be useful to understand the complex interactions between the host cells and parasite.
TCT-759 Invasive Versus Echocardiographic Evaluation of Suboptimal Valve Hemodynamics and Procedural Futility Following Valve-in-Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Suboptimal valve hemodynamic status (SVH) and procedural futility are important benchmarks with clinical implications related to patient outcomes following valve-in-valve (ViV) transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). SVH following ViV TAVR as defined by Valve Academic Research Consortium-2
Enhancing Autophagy Diminishes Aberrant Ca2+ Homeostasis and Arrhythmogenesis in Aging Rabbit Hearts.

Aim: Aging in humans is associated with a 10-40-fold greater incidence of sudden cardiac death from malignant tachyarrhythmia. We have reported that thiol oxidation of ryanodine receptors (RyR2s) by mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mito-ROS) contributes to defective Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiomyocytes from aging rabbit hearts. However, mechanisms responsible for the increase in mito-ROS in the aging heart remain poorly understood. Here we test the hypothesis that age-associated decrease in autophagy is a major contributor to enhanced mito-ROS production and thereby pro-arrhythmic disturbances in Ca2+ homeostasis. Methods and Results: Ventricular tissues from aged rabbits displayed significant downregulation of proteins involved in mitochondrial autophagy compared with tissues from young controls. Blocking autophagy with chloroquine increased total ROS production in primary rabbit cardiomyocytes and mito-ROS production in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, chloroquine treatment of HL-1 cells depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) to 50% that of controls. Blocking autophagy significantly increased oxidation of RyR2, resulting in enhanced propensity to pro-arrhythmic spontaneous Ca2+ release under β-adrenergic stimulation. Aberrant Ca2+ release was abolished by treatment with the mito-ROS scavenger MitoTEMPO. Importantly, the autophagy enhancer Torin1 and ATG7 overexpression reduced the rate of mito-ROS production and restored both Δψm and defective Ca2+ handling in cardiomyocytes derived from aged rabbit hearts. Conclusion: Decreased autophagy is a major cause of increased mito-ROS production in the aging heart. Our data suggest that promoting autophagy may reduce pathologic mito-ROS during normal aging and reduce pro-arrhythmic spontaneous Ca2+ release via oxidized RyR2s.