cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study of the effect of reagent rotation on the reaction of O + H2 (v, J)

Abstract Quasiclassical calculations have been carried out near threshold for the reaction of O + H2(v = 0, 1, 2; J) → OH + H for J = 0 to 10 gain an understanding of the effect of reactant rotation and vibration on this reaction. The calculations were done on the Johnson-Winter potential energy surface (PES); this surface has a barrier to reaction which is lowest in the linear configuration (Ξ = 180°). For values of r, the HH bond length, less than 1.0 A, the PES is fairly prolate in nature. (In the classification of Levine, a surface is prolate if for a given distance RCM from O to the center of mass of H2, the potential is higher for the collinear configuration than for the perpendicular configuration (Ξ = 90°). The surface is oblate if the reverse is true.) For the reaction of O + H2(v = 0) the reactive cross section QR increases monotonically with J. Our calculations demonstrate that the prolate PES “disorients” the OHH angle away from linear, and reduces QR substantially for J = 0. An increase in J reduces the effect of this disorientation and so increases QR. The reaction with O is much different for H2(v = 1,2). Now the average value of r is long enough that the PES is oblate during the last part of the reaction. Near threshold for both vibrational levels QR rises from J = 0 to 2, then declines to a minimum at J = 5, and finally rises monotonically to J = 10. The decline has been seen for other reactions which take place on oblate surfaces such as F + H2. The explanation of the decline is that for a rotating target the O atom approaches the reactant valley obliquely, and many trajectories bounce off the repulsive potential wall near Ξ = 90° rather than react. However, for J values above 5 the H2 molecule has enough rotational energy to rotate through the barrier at Ξ = 90° rather than bounce off it, so the collision continues on to reaction. This causes QR to rise. The results obtained here are compared with the quantal calculations by Chatfield et al. on this system. A number of interesting similarities are observed.
The Continuous-Time Inventory-Routing Problem

We consider a continuous-time variant of the inventory-routing problem in which the maximum quantity that can delivered to a customer depends on the customer’s storage capacity and product inventor...
Synthesis of phosphoramidate-linked DNA by a modified DNA polymerase

All known polymerases copy genetic material by catalyzing phosphodiester bond formation. This highly conserved activity proceeds by a common mechanism, such that incorporated nucleoside analogs terminate chain elongation if the resulting primer strand lacks a terminal hydroxyl group. Even conservatively substituted 3'-amino nucleotides generally act as chain terminators, and no enzymatic pathway for their polymerization has yet been found. Although 3'-amino nucleotides can be chemically coupled to yield stable oligonucleotides containing N3'→P5' phosphoramidate (NP) bonds, no such internucleotide linkages are known to occur in nature. Here, we report that 3'-amino terminated primers are, in fact, slowly extended by the DNA polymerase from B. stearothermophilus in a template-directed manner. When its cofactor is Ca2+ rather than Mg2+, the reaction is fivefold faster, permitting multiple turnover NP bond formation to yield NP-DNA strands from the corresponding 3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphates. A single active site mutation further enhances the rate of NP-DNA synthesis by an additional 21-fold. We show that DNA-dependent NP-DNA polymerase activity depends on conserved active site residues and propose a likely mechanism for this activity based on a series of crystal structures of bound complexes. Our results significantly broaden the catalytic scope of polymerase activity and suggest the feasibility of a genetic transition between native nucleic acids and NP-DNA.
The Influence of Ozone: Superstoichiometric Oxygen in Atomic Layer Deposition of Fe2O3 Using tert‐Butylferrocene and O3

This work demonstrates a mechanistic study of iron oxide deposited by ALD, revealing a growth mechanism involving uptake of superstoichiometric oxygen. Material characterization shows ozone exposure can be used to convert the crystallographic phase and domain orientation of the materials. This mechanism has implications for wider classes of ozone-based ALD processes and can generalize to other systems.
Main fluoride origin of the key regions of coal-burning endemic fluorosis in Guizhou Province

Objective To explore the source of fluoride in the key endemic regions of fluorosis induced by coal-burning pollution in Guizhou Province. Methods Based on the results of the investigation in the whole province in 2000, stratified and random sampling methods were adopted. Four counties in the A type endemic regions where the incidence of dental fluorosis was very high and 4 counties in the B type endemic regions where the incidence was moderate were chosen, and 3 towns of each county and 3 villages of each town were randomly taken as investigation fields in 2007. Thirty households of each village were investigated, and the contents of fuoride in the samples of drinking water, coal and clay were determined. Results The concentration of fluoride in the drinking water in endemic counties was 0.01-0.50 mg/L(average 0.13 mg/L), far lower than the National Standard(GB 5749-2006). The median content of fluoride in the coal was 132.97 mg/kg, the lowest was 23.62 mg/kg and the highest 4269.19 mg/kg. The median content of fluoride in the clay was 853.42 mg/kg, the lowest was 53.93 mg/kg and the highest 4268.38 mg/kg. The median content of fluoride in the clay was 6.4 times that of the coal. The contribution rate of the coal to the pollution of indoor air in the endemic counties investegated was 49.27% and it was above 50.00% in 5 counties. The rate of the clay was above 60.00% in 2 counties. Conclusions Both the coal and the clay are the sources of fluoride pollution in the endemic regions of Guizhou Province. It is strengthened that comprehensive countermeasures of installing and improving cooking stoves should be taken to control endemic fluorosis. Key words: Coal; Air pollution; indoor; Fluoride poisoning
A Pilot Adaptive Neurofeedback Investigation of the Neural Mechanisms of Implicit Emotion Regulation Among Women With PTSD

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is widely associated with deficits in implicit emotion regulation. Recently, adaptive fMRI neurofeedback (A-NF) has been developed as a methodology that offers a unique probe of brain networks that mediate implicit emotion regulation and their impairment in PTSD. We designed an A-NF paradigm in which difficulty of an emotional conflict task (i.e., embedding trauma distractors onto a neutral target stimulus) was controlled by a whole-brain classifier trained to differentiate attention to the trauma distractor vs. target. We exploited this methodology to test whether PTSD was associated with: (1) an altered brain state that differentiates attention towards vs. away from trauma cues; and (2) an altered ability to use concurrent feedback about brain states during an implicit emotion regulation task. Adult women with a current diagnosis of PTSD (n = 10) and healthy control (n = 9) women participated in this task during 3T fMRI. During two initial non-feedback runs used to train a whole-brain classifier, we observed: (1) poorer attention performance in PTSD; and (2) a linear relationship between brain state discrimination and attention performance, which was significantly attenuated among the PTSD group when the task contained trauma cues. During the A-NF phase, the PTSD group demonstrated poorer ability to regulate brain states as per attention instructions, and this poorer ability was related to PTSD symptom severity. Further, PTSD was associated with the heightened encoding of feedback in the insula and hippocampus. These results suggest a novel understanding of whole-brain states and their regulation that underlie emotion regulation deficits in PTSD.
RISC-V FPGA Platform Toward ROS-Based Robotics Application

RISC-V is free and open standard instruction set architecture following reduced instruction set computer principle. Because of its openness and scalability, RISC-V has been adapted not only for embedded CPUs such as mobile and IoT market, but also for heavy-workload CPUs such as the data center or super computing field. On top of it, Robotics is also a good application of RISC-V because security and reliability become crucial issues of robotics system. These problems could be solved by enthusiastic open source community members as they have shown on open source operating system. However, running RISC-V on local FPGA becomes harder than before because now RISC-V foundation are focusing on cloud-based FPGA environment. We have experienced that recently released OS and toolchains for RISC-V are not working well on the previous CPU image for local FPGA. In this paper we design the local FPGA platform for RISC-V processor and run the robotics application on mainstream Robot Operating System on top of the RISC-V processor. This platform allow us to explore the architecture space of RISC-V CPU for robotics application, and get the insight of the RISC-V CPU architecture for optimal performance and the secure system.
Mongolian Breast Cancer Incidence: A Follow-up Report

Objective: Understanding variance in global breast cancer incidence rates may help identify risk factors and could lead to increased efforts for prevention. In our previous study on breast cancer in Mongolia from 1998-2005, we reported that the incidence of breast cancer, though on the rise, remains lower in Mongolia than in adjacent Asian countries. Through the addition of almost a decade of data (2006-2014), we provide a study update and describe trends in breast cancer incidence and staging distributions within Mongolia, with further analyses examining women in urban and rural regions. Methods: Age-standardized breast cancer incidence and staging distributions were obtained from the Mongolian National Oncology Center and were used to describe trends in cancer over time. Results: Our findings indicate that the overall incidence of breast cancer has continued to increase in Mongolia, with rural women still experiencing lower risk than their urban counterparts. Given similarities in cancer staging, the observed geographic variation does not appear to result from differences in cancer stage at diagnosis over time or by region.Conclusions: Considering the variation in rural and urban populations, data from this study could be used to better understand the influence of westernization on cancer risk in Asian countries and beyond. Further research on demographic shifts in breast cancer incidence within Mongolia may elucidate novel risk factors explaining variations active among other populations.
Optimum Design of Wing Structures With Multiple Frequency Constraints

The objective of this work is to demonstrate the generalized compound scaling algorithm in the design of plate structures with frequency constraints. The robustness of the algorithm is demonstrated on large scale problems using scaling technique alone. This paper presents the optimization algorithm, numerical results and discussions. Design histories and the first few frequencies at the initial and optimum condition are also included.
When 10 ≠ ten: teachers develop original stories to conceptualize numeral transition

Ms. Rodriguez is a busy bilingual kindergarten teacher. Lately, she has been worrying about one of her new students, Margarito, who just emigrated from a native tribe of Central Mexico. Language is...
Endoplasmic stress-inducing variants in CPB1 and CPA1 and risk of pancreatic cancer; a case-control study and meta-analysis

Gene variants that encode pancreatic enzymes with impaired secretion can induce pancreatic acinar endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cellular injury and pancreatitis. The role of such variants in pancreatic cancer risk has received little attention. We compared the prevalence of ER stress-inducing variants in CPA1 and CPB1 in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC cases), enrolled in the National Familial Pancreas Tumor Registry, to their prevalence in non-cancer controls in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Variants of unknown significance were expressed and variants with reduced secretion assessed for ER stress induction. In vitro assessments were compared with software predictions of variant function. Protein variant software was used to assess variants found in only one gnomAD control ("n-of-one" variants). A meta-analysis of prior PDAC case/control studies was also performed. Of the 1385 patients with PDAC, 0.65% were found to harbor an ER stress-inducing variant in CPA1 or CPB1, compared to 0.17% of the 64,026 controls (Odds Ratio (OR): 3.80 [1.92-7.51] P=0.0001). ER stress-inducing variants in the CPA1 gene were identified in 4 of 1385 PDAC cases versus 77 of 64,026 gnomAD controls (OR: 2.4 [0.88-6.58], p=0.087), and variants in CPB1 were detected in 5 of 1385 cases versus 33 of 64,026 controls (OR: 7.02 [2.74-18.01], p=0.0001). Meta-analysis demonstrated strong associations for pancreatic cancer and ER-stress inducing variants for both CPA1 (OR: 3.65 [1.58, 8.39], p<0.023) and CPB1 (OR: 9.51 [3.46, 26.15], p<0.001). Rare variants in CPB1 and CPA1 that induce ER stress are associated with increased odds of developing pancreatic cancer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A conceptual architecture for semantic web services

In this paper, we present an abstract conceptual architecture for semantic web services. We define requirements on the architecture by analyzing a set of case studies developed as part of the EU Semantic Web-enabled Web Services project. The architecture is developed as a refinement and extension of the W3C Web Services Architecture. We assess our architecture against the requirements, and provide an analysis of OWL-S.
Changes in the glucosinolate content of oilseed rape plants following infection with turnip mosaic virus

Abstract Low and high glucosinolate cultivars of oilseed rape were analysed for variation in both individual and total glucosinolate content up to 27 days after inoculation with turnip mosaic virus. Both infected and control plants of the two cultivars differed in the concentration of aliphatic, aromatic and indole glucosinolates. The biggest differences in glucosinolate content between the cultivars were found in the aliphatic and aromatic glucosinolate groups. Infected plants of the high glucosinolate cultivar, Solida, possessed lower amounts of glucosinolates, than did healthy control plants. Similar results were obtained with a low glucosinolate cultivar, S1. No significant difference was found between the two cultivars in resistance to turnip mosaic virus, using qualitative and quantitative ELISA to determine virus content in their tissues.
Trends in contraceptive use in the United States: 1982-1995.

This article uses data from the 1982 1988 and 1995 US National Surveys of Family Growth to describe the major contraceptive use trends between 1982 and 1995 as well as the subgroups responsible for important changes. The article focuses on current use of contraception by women of reproductive age including sterilization and condom use as defined by use of at least one method during the month of the interview. The proportion of women practicing contraception increased from 56% in 1982 to 60% in 1988 and 64% in 1995 with increases in all age ethnic and racial groups. Tables display the characteristics of women at risk of an unwanted pregnancy as well as the percentage distribution and number of contraceptive users 1) by current method; 2) by current method race and ethnicity; 3) of Whites and Blacks by current method according to age; 4) by age marital status education income and intent to have more children by method; 5) of White and Black users by method according to marital status and parity; 6) of White and Black users aged 20-44 by method according to education and income; and 7) the number of women aged 15-44 and percentage currently using specified contraceptive method combinations by age marital status education income parity race/ethnicity and number of male partners in the past year. The major finding was an increase in condom use especially among young Black Hispanic and unmarried women. This increase accompanied a decrease in use of oral contraceptives and the vaginal diaphragm. The data suggest the trends were affected by concerns about HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases and point the way to further research on contraceptive use trends.
Angiogenesis in Mice with Chronic Airway Inflammation : Strain-Dependent Differences

Chronic inflammation is associated with blood vessel proliferation and enlargement and changes in vessel phenotype. We sought to determine whether these changes represent different types of angiogenesis and whether they are stimulus dependent. Chronic airway inflammation, produced by infection with Mycoplasma pulmonis, was compared in strains of mice known to be resistant (C57BL/6) or susceptible (C3H). Tracheal vascularity, assessed in whole mounts after Lycopersicon esculentum lectin staining, increased in both strains at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after infection, but the type of vascular remodeling was different. The number of vessels doubled in tracheas of C57BL/6 mice, with corresponding increases of capillaries and venules. In contrast, neither the number nor the length of vessels changed in C3H mice. Instead, vessel diameter and endothelial cell number doubled, and the proportion of venules doubled with a corresponding decrease of capillaries. Although the infection had no effect on baseline plasma leakage, in both strains it potentiated the leakage produced by substance P. We conclude that the same stimulus can result in blood vessel proliferation or enlargement, depending on the host response. Endothelial cells proliferate in both cases, but in one case new capillaries form whereas in the other capillaries convert to venules.
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase of Rat Small Intestine: Distribution and Regulation of Activity and mRNA Levels

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity is present along the length of rat small intestine and in enterocytes throughout the villus-crypt axis. There is no detectable activity in submucosal layers. Messenger RNA encoding PEPCK is detectable in rat intestinal mucosa and the relative abundance increases markedly (3- to 8-fold) during starvation or streptozotocin-diabetes. However, these changes are not matched by changes in enzyme activity which are only slightly increased (1.5-fold). The intestine of neonatal rats possesses relatively high amounts of both PEPCK activity and mRNA. Based on the distribution and regulation of intestinal PEPCK, it is proposed that the enzyme does not play a significant role in either gluconeogenesis or glutamine catabolism in adult rats.
Inhibition of gastric emptying is a physiological action of cholecystokinin.

Abstract This study was designed to determine whether cholecystokinin (CCK) plays a physiological role in the inhibition of gastric emptying. Physiological conditions were simulated by giving CCK by continuous intravenous infusion rather than by bolus injection, by using doses known to be distinctly submaximal for pancreatic protein secretion and for gallbladder contraction, and by releasing endogenous CCK. The rate of gastric emptying was determined in 4 dogs with gastric fistulas by measuring the volume of fluid remaining in the stomach 10 min after instillation of 300 ml of 0.15 m NaCl. Rate of emptying was studied during intravenous infusion of saline (control) and of different doses of 98% pure CCK, commerically available 20% pure CCK, synthetic COOH-terminal octapeptide of CCK (OP-CCK), pentagastrin, and heptadecapeptide gastrin. The effect of endogenously released CCK was studied by measuring the rate of emptying of solutions in which different concentrations of tryptophan replaced equiosmolar amounts of NaCl. The D 50 's of 20% pure CCK (3 U kg -1 hr -1 ) and of OP-CCK (125 ng kg -1 hr -1 ) for inhibition of gastric emptying were about the same as their D 50 's for cholecystokinetic and pancreozyminic actions. By contrast, although both pentagastrin and heptadecapeptide gastrin inhibited gastric emptying, the doses required for this action were much higher than the D 50 's required for stimulation of gastric acid secretion. The effectiveness of OP-CCK indicates that inhibition of gastric emptying is attributable to CCK itself and not to an impurity in the CCK preparation. We have confirmed this directly by showing that pure CCK is a potent inhibitor of gastric emptying. Tryptophan also inhibited gastric emptying. In other dogs pancreatic protein secretion and gallbladder contraction were shown to be stimulated during the time tryptophan was inhibiting gastric emptying. This evidence supports the view that inhibition of gastric emptying is one of the physiological actions of CCK, but in the case of gastrin it must be regarded as a pharmacological action.
Effect of medium chain triglycerides and dietary protein on cholesterol absorption and deposition in the chicken.

The effects of cholic acid, medium-chain triglycA©rides (MCT) and corn oil on the absorption and disposition of cholesterol were studied in chicks fed different sources and levels of dietary protein. In chicks fed MCT, absorption of dietary cholesterol was appreciable, but less than with corn oil. Plasma and liver cholesterol levels were higher on low protein as compared to high protein intakes, despite a similar rate of cholesterol absorption and a greater intake of dietary cholesterol on the high protein diets. Growth efficiency differences may partially explain this observation. Dietary cholic acid increased the cholesterol pool in comparison to birds not given this bile acid; however, there was little, if any, effect of cholic acid on cholesterol absorption. Chicks fed methionine-supplemented soybean meal had generally lower plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations than chicks fed casein (supplemented with arginine, glycine and methionine) as the source of dietary protein. The soybean meal-fed chicks elimi nated considerably more cholesterol in their excreta than the casein-fed birds, resulting in an increase in the apparent retention of cholesterol for the latter; this retention could account for the elevated plasma and liver cholesterol levels observed. J. Nutr. 103: 923-928, 1973.
CD80, suPAR and nephrotic syndrome in a case of NPHS2 mutation

Background: Podocin mutations are characterized by progres - sion to end stage renal disease and histologic findings of Fo - cal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). CD80 is a podocytes protein that may play a role in proteinuria, particularly in Minimal Change Disease whereas the soluble urokinase recep - tor (suPAR) is characteristically elevated in the serum of FSGS patients. Methods: In a patient with nephrotic syndrome and podocin mutation, urinary and serum CD80 as well as suPAR were measured using commercially available kits. Urinary CD80 molecular size was determined by western blot analysis. Glo - merular staining for CD80 and podocin was performed. Results: Patient displayed marked elevated CD80 and mildly increased suPAR urinary levels compared to controls. Serum CD80 level was within the range observed in normal controls. Serum su - PAR level was elevated, albeit in the lower range reported for patients with primary FSGS. Immunofluorescence examination of kidney biopsy revealed glomerular CD80 expression. Conclu - sion: The combination of serum and urinary biomarkers can help differentiate various forms of FSGS. High urinary CD80 and elevated serum and urinary suPAR might represent a profile to differentiate this genetic form of FSGS from primary FSGS.
Network Route Choice Model for Battery Electric Vehicle Drivers with Different Risk Attitudes

Research on the range anxiety of battery electric vehicle (BEV) drivers is limited, and research on the route choice of such drivers has been restricted to a fixed range limit modeled as a distance constrained shortest path problem. In this paper, a more general network route choice model based on the range anxiety of BEV drivers is formulated as a nonadditive shortest path problem. More appropriate for BEVs, a tour-based analysis with a continuum of range limits is considered, and an outer approximation algorithm has been used to find the optimal path. Numerical experiments on a small network demonstrate how the routes taken by BEV drivers are influenced by their risk attitudes and uncertainty in the predicted range of the vehicle.
The Welfare Economics of Catastrophe Losses and Insurance

This paper uses the tools of welfare economics to analyse the appropriate mix of private sector and government responses to catastrophic events. In particular, we examine the appropriate roles of post-disaster government aid, private insurance and mitigation activities. The analysis focuses on the distinction between the ex ante and ex post welfare criteria, as well as incentive issues such as may arise from the Samaritan's dilemma. A key factor is that individuals maintain differing subjective beliefs concerning the probability or magnitude of the catastrophic event. The analysis applies to insurance markets certain concepts that are now also being developed in the finance literature to examine the efficiency of naked credit default swaps and other instruments that are in essence side bets among agents with heterogeneous beliefs. We conclude that ex post welfare economics provides fundamental insights that have not been previously integrated into the discussions concerning the losses created by catastrophic events, including a potential role for mandatory insurance.
Natural gauge model allowing all weak bosons above the standard W and Z

We construct a natural SU(2) \ensuremath{\bigotimes} U(1) \ensuremath{\bigotimes} [SU(2)]\ensuremath{'} gauge model in which the lightest weak bosons can be heavier than those of the standard model. At energies below the $Z$ boson, the model could be distinguished from the standard model by precision measurements of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$.
Heterocyclic Compounds indigenous to the Murchison Meteorite

THE origin of purines and pyrimidines is of prime importance in chemical evolution. Several pathways have been proposed for their laboratory synthesis in simulated primitive Earth conditions1. There is only one report, however, on their possible occurrence in carbonaceous chondrites, which are presumed to be representative of primordial cosmic material2. We thus undertook a search for heterocyclic compounds using a sample of the Murchison meteorite, a type II carbonaceous chondrite. We found 4-hydroxypyrimidine and two of its methyl substituted isomers. We did not find any purines or triazines.
EL CICLO DEL COBRE EN MINAS CAPILLITAS (PROVINCIA DE CATAMARCA, ARGENTINA) EN LA SEGUNDA MITAD DEL SIGLO XIX: TENSIONES ENTRE LÓGICAS PRODUCTIVAS, ESCALAS TECNOLÓGICAS Y UNIDADES SOCIALES

En este articulo caracterizaremos las distintas escalas de produccion de minerales y de reproduccion social atestiguados en Capillitas, con la intension de comprender las logicas sociales subyacentes. En efecto, asumimos que el paisaje minero de Minas Capillitas no muestra un relato complaciente del triunfo del desarrollo tecnologico, como lo querian ver los empresarios de la epoca fuertemente influenciados por la idea decimononica del progreso, sino las relaciones de diferentes colectivos sociales en la practica de la mineria en los ambitos que se articularon en torno a las vetas de cobre. Para evidenciar esta actividad de practicas y colectivos silenciados, nos apoyaremos en la confrontacion de evidencias arqueologicas con fuentes bibliograficas contemporaneas.In this article we will characterize the different scales of mineral production and social reproduction shown in Capillitas to understand the underlying social logic. We assume that the mining landscape of Minas Capillitas does not show a complacent narrative of the triumph of technological development -as expected by the entrepreneurs of the period who were strongly influenced by the nineteenth-century idea of progress. Instead, the relationships of different social groups in the mining practice within the areas were organized around the copper veins. To demonstrate this activity of silenced practices and collectives, we compare the archaeological evidence with contemporary bibliographic sources.
Burn injury associated with home oxygen use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objectives To quantify the risk of burn injury associated with home oxygen use and to examine the risk factors associated with the development of this injury.
Diffuse myocardial fibrosis, but not focal fibrosis identified with delayed enhancement, is an independent predictor of LV reversed remodeling in patients with idiopathic non-ischemic cardiomyopathy

Methods We performed CMR in 24 patients with idiopathic nonischemic cardiomyopathy (16 men, mean age 58±11 years) and also in 12 healthy volunteers as control subjects. T1 mapping was performed with post-contrast Look-Locker gradient echo. Baseline echocardiography as well as hemodynamic and metabolic data were collected at the time of CMR. Patients were followed over a median time of 8 months for LVRR which was defined as a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increase of ≥10 U and a decrease in indexed left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) of ≥10% or indexed LVEDD of < 33 mm/m at 24 months. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify associations with LVRR.
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma involving the placenta.

BACKGROUND Placental involvement by maternal malignant lymphoma is a rare complication of pregnancy. METHODS The case of a 29-year-old woman found to have placental involvement by peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) diagnosed by morphologic study, immunoperoxidase stains, and molecular genetic studies is reported. RESULTS The lymphoma was pathologic Stage IVB and although there were no adverse consequences for the child, but the neoplasm progressed rapidly during the postpartum period. CONCLUSIONS The clinical course suggested that the immunologic changes of the pregnancy exerted a lymphoma-suppressive effect on the lymphoma. The authors know of no other report of a patient with placental involvement by PTCL.
Chlorine Nutrition of Tomato: Observations on Inadvertent Accretion and Loss and Their Implications

Development of research on chlorine nutrition of plants is reviewed. Imbalances of supply and recovery of chlorine are discussed. Results elucidate losses to be related to moisture percentages of tissues in preparation for analysis and to ashing techniques. Accretions are related to various advertent contaminations and inadvertent accessions through aerosols in the atmosphere during growth.
Organic Glasses with Exceptional Thermodynamic and Kinetic Stability

Vapor deposition has been used to create glassy materials with extraordinary thermodynamic and kinetic stability and high density. For glasses prepared from indomethacin or 1,3-bis-(1-naphthyl)-5-(2-naphthyl)benzene, stability is optimized when deposition occurs on substrates at a temperature of 50 K below the conventional glass transition temperature. We attribute the substantial improvement in thermodynamic and kinetic properties to enhanced mobility within a few nanometers of the glass surface during deposition. This technique provides an efficient means of producing glassy materials that are low on the energy landscape and could affect technologies such as amorphous pharmaceuticals.
Uptake and distribution of [14C] metalaxyl by detached tobacco leaves

When the petioles of detached tobacco leaves (10–17 cm2) were incubated in aqueous solutions containing [14C]metalaxyl, uptake of the fungicide was dependent on the temperature and photoperiod. Detached leaves took up 78% more [14C]metalaxyl at 26°C than at 16°C. The rate of uptake in the light at 21°C was linear, but after an additional 20h in the dark, there was only twice as much fungicide in the leaves. Different sized leaves contained the same amount of fungicide per cm2 area. Uptake by detached leaves of the 14C-labelled anilide lactones ofurace and RE-26940 [2-methoxy-N-(tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-thienyl)acet-2′,6′-xylidide] was similar to that of metalaxyl. At the concentration of metalaxyl (66 ng ml−1) that controlled blue mould (Peronospora tabacina) on detached tobacco leaves, the amount of fungicide in the leaves was found to be 7.25 ng. Autoradiography showed that the distribution of [14C]metalaxyl in detached leaves after incubation for 23h was uniform, although higher concentrations of the label were present in the smaller veins of the leaves.
Pivotal Deterrence: Third-Party Statecraft and the Pursuit of Peace

Pivotal Deterrence: Third-Party Statecraft and the Pursuit of Peace. By Timothy W. Crawford. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003. 304p. $39.95.Pivotal deterrence highlights the problem of dual deterrence in which one state (pivot) attempts to preserve the status quo and prevent conflict between two revisionist adversaries, while each depends on the pivot's support and/or neutrality for its ultimate success. Timothy Crawford's book is an important and, in several ways, original statement on a topic unduly ignored in past studies. In the first two chapters, the author carefully lays out his theoretical expectations concerning the conditions that make pivotal deterrence 1) possible, 2) probable, and 3) likely to succeed. A set of necessary conditions expected to make pivotal deterrence possible are clearly outlined: The two adversaries must see each other as more threatening than the pivot, whereas the pivot must be at least equal in power to them, prefer the status quo between them, and believe that both adversaries are revisionist and willing to go to war if assured of its support.
Global/Local Processing in Mentally Retarded and Nonretarded Persons.

Abstract This study examined intelligence-related differences in perceptual processing in a global/local task. Both mentally retarded and nonretarded persons processed global information faster than local information. Furthermore, both groups showed a similar global precedence effect. The effects of extensive practice at naming local features was also examined. Local processing times became faster for both groups as a result of local naming practice. The implication of the results are discussed in the context of global/local processing models as well as processing in other interference tasks (e.g., the Stroop task; Stroop, 1935). These results point to the need to assess task and processing parameters when extending findings of intelligence-related differences across apparently similar tasks.
Relationship Governance in a Supply Chain Network

Abstract The authors examine how a firm’s strategy in a (downstream) customer relationship is contingent on how a related relationship outside of the focal dyad is organized. Drawing on emerging perspectives on interfirm governance and networks, the authors propose that the ability to show flexibility toward a (downstream) customer under uncertain market conditions depends on the governance mechanisms that have been deployed in an (upstream) supplier relationship. The governance mechanisms take the form of (1) supplier qualification programs and (2) incentive structures based on hostages. The authors develop a set of contingency predictions and test them empirically in the context of vertical supply chain networks in the apparel industry. The tests show good support for the hypotheses. The authors discuss the implications of the findings for marketing theory and practice.
Analysis of the potential impacts of automation and robotics on locomotive rebuilding

Maintenance shops appear to be the most likely locations for robots in the railroad industry. The few robots that railroads have installed are found in shops, and shop activities such as welding, grinding, cleaning, and painting are well-suited to the use of standard robots. The study identifies and evaluates more than two dozen technically feasible applications at Conrail's Juniata locomotive rebuilding shop. Fewer than half showed financial merit, primarily because of the high investment cost and the low potential for labor savings. Proposals to install an automated glass bead blasting booth and an arc welding center were deferred because competing projects had higher returns. In short the application of robotics technology was found to have only a limited potential for improving the productivity of modern railroad shops. As the state-of-the art advances, more applications will be both technically and economically attractive, but the impact on railroad maintenance will likely remain modest until equipment is redesigned to be maintained with simple, inexpensive robots.
Limits of predictability of gravitational systems

The concept of finite predictability of gravitational many-body systems is related to the non-deterministic nature of celestial mechanics and of dynamics, in general. The basic, fundamental reasons for the uncertainty of predictions are as follows: (1) the initial conditions are known only approximately since they are obtained either from observations or from approximate computations; (2) the equations of motion given by a selected model describe the actual system only approximately; (3) the physical constants of the dynamical system have error limits; (4) the differential equations of motion are non-integrable and numerical integration methods must be used for solution, generating errors in the final result at every integration step.
Exposure contribution from Ti K x rays produced in the titanium capsule of the clinical I-125 seed

The iodine-125 radioactive nuclide produces three intrinsic photons, i.e., the 27.4-keV tellurium (Te) K alpha and 31.0-keV K beta x rays, and 35.5-keV gamma rays. In addition, a silver-wire-type seed is known to have silver(Ag) K alpha and K beta x rays as a result of interactions between silver atoms and the intrinsic photons. Since the radioactive iodine-125 is completely sealed with a 0.05-mm-thick titanium capsule, fluorescence x rays from titanium atoms are also expected. This study reports (1) abundance of Ti K x rays at 4.5 keV, (2) contribution to exposure from these photons amounting to approximately 19% of the total exposure at 1-cm source-to-detector distance (SDD), (3) exposure uncertainties of 23% at 1-cm SDD when Ti K x rays are excluded, and (4) negligible dose contribution to tissue from these photons.
Cognitive Function in Preschool Children after Epilepsy Surgery: Rationale for Early Intervention

Summary: Purpose: The detrimental effect of frequent early seizures on the cognitive potential of children is a significant clinical issue. Epilepsy surgery in childhood offers a good prognosis for seizure control and improved developmental outcome. We studied the postoperative outcome and the developmental velocity after surgery and analyzed risk factors for developmental delay in 50 consecutive preschool children treated surgically for severe epilepsy at ages 3 to 7 years. Methods: Pre- and postoperative developmental quotients (DQs) were analyzed with analysis of variance; stepwise linear regressions were performed on preoperative DQs and on a difference score between post- and preoperative DQs to determine risk factors for preoperative development and factors influencing postoperative development. Results: Of the 50 patients, 70% were retarded, with IQ < 70; 16% were of average intelligence, with IQ ranging from 85 to 115. Age at seizure onset and extent of lesion were predictive variables for preoperative cognitive development. Six to 12 months after surgery (early postoperative phase), 66% were seizure free (Engel outcome class I), 26% had substantial to worthwhile seizure reduction (classes II and III), and 8% were unchanged (class IV). Forty-one (82%) children showed stable velocity of development; three children showed gains of ≥15 IQ points; three had developmental decline (loss of ≥10 IQ points), which was transient in two children; and three children moved from not assessable to assessable. At last follow-up (6 months to 10 years after surgery), 11 children showed IQ/DQ gains of ≥15 IQ points. Gains in IQ were observed only in seizure-free children and were stable over time. Shorter duration of epilepsy was significantly associated with a postoperative increase in DQ. Conclusions: (a) Substantial global mental delay is common in young children treated for epilepsy with surgery; (b) In most patients, postoperative development proceeded at a stable velocity; (c) Catch-up development may occur but only in seizure-free patients; (d) Substantial cognitive losses were noted in only one child. and (e) Early seizure control stabilized developmental velocity in this patient cohort. Ke yW ords: Cognitive function— Early childhood epilepsy—Surgical treatment.
High energy density lithium-ion batteries with carbon nanotube anodes

Recent advancements using carbon nanotube electrodes show the ability for multifunctionality as a lithium-ion storage material and as an electrically conductive support for other high capacity materials like silicon or germanium. Experimental data show that replacement of conventional anode designs, which use graphite composites coated on copper foil, with a freestanding silicon-single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) anode, can increase the usable anode capacity by up to 20 times. In this work, a series of calculations were performed to elucidate the relative improvement in battery energy density for such anodes paired with conventional LiCoO2, LiFePO4, and LiNiCoAlO2 cathodes. Results for theoretical flat plate prismatic batteries comprising freestanding silicon-SWCNT anodes with conventional cathodes show energy densities of 275 Wh/kg and 600 Wh/L to be theoretically achievable; this is a 50% improvement over today’s commercial cells.
Transalveolar fibres in the human periodontium

Abstract A modified Mallory staining technique applied to serial mesio-distal sections of various regions of the human dentition showed numerous transalveolar fibres passing without interruption from the periodontal ligament through the entire thickness of the bony wall of the surrounding alveolus. These transalveolar fibres were observed only in regions of lamellated bone, lacking Haversian systems. They were never seen traversing an Haversian system. The fibres joined roots of adjacent teeth or of the same tooth to each other, or they were attached to the periosteum of the alveolar process or to the lamina propria on gingival surfaces. It is proposed that the orientation and distribution of transalveolar fibres represent a functional adaptation to occlusal forces.
Inclusion relations between some congruences related to the dot-depth hierarchy

Abstract A complete class of generators for Straubing's dot-depth k monoids has been characterized as a class of quotients of the form A∗/∼ m where A∗ denotes the free monoid over a finite alphabet A, m denotes a k-tuple of positive integers, and ∼ m denotes a congruence related to an Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse game. In this paper, we first reduce the complete class of generators for dot-depth k to a complete class whose members are of dot-depth exactly k. We then study all the inclusion relations between the resulting congruences ∼ m . Several applications of these relations are discussed. For instance, a conjecture of Pin (which was shown by the author to be false in general) is shown to be true in an important special case.
Thrombelastographic patterns of Ancrod and thrombin fibrin formation and dissolution

Abstract The dynamics of clot formation using either thrombin or arvin to clot purified human fibrinogen F XIII free fibrinogen and human plasma was studied using the thrombelastograph (TEG). Varying concentrations of these components including calcium were observed for their effects on the overall clotting patterns. The action of plasmin or urokinase on these systems was also evaluated. The production of equal area thrombelastographic tracings required over four times the amount of Ancrod compared to thrombin in the absence of calcium. Calcium ions exerted profound effects upon the TEG configuration inhibiting clot formation at certain concentrations in the Ancrod system, while enhancing the rate and size of fibrin formation in the thrombin systems. These changes were heavily influenced by the ionic strength of the buffer system, and appear related to factor XIII activation. No TEG differences were observed when thrombin or Ancrod formed clots were subjected to proteolysis in the absence of calcium. Enhancement of Ancrod but not thrombin clots subjected to proteolysis in the presence of calcium was observed with early Ancrod samples, but this phenomenon was minimal with more purified Ancrod solutions available recently. Doubling of the control area was demonstrated in some cases with the less pure Ancrod and appeared to be related to the dose of urokinase employed. If one assumes that the lytic agents preferentially attack the residual fibrinogen molecule rather than formed fibrin then greater amounts of fibrin monomer could result and produce a larger initial clot than with Ancrod alone. Repeating these experiments with F XIII free fibrinogen produced the same results. Enhancement effects disappeared when the proteolytic agent was added after clotting had begun, and increased lytic susceptibility of the impure Ancrod systems sometimes occurred under these circumstances. Ancrod and thrombin formed fibrin clots exhibit different characteristics depending upon the nature of the test system. The potential thrombogenic properties of the earlier contaminated Ancrod samples emphasized the importance of using only the pure preparations for therapy in man.
Evidence for the presence of low density and very low density lipoproteins in human amniotic fluid

Previous analysis of amniotic fluid (AF) noted only the presence of high density lipoprotein (HDL). In this study AF lipoprotein profile was examined using gel filtration column chromatography and Ouchterlony gel diffusion. Unlike previous studies which showed only the presence of HDL, we found significant amounts of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). AF-LDL and AF-VLDL were identified by reactions with anti-h-apolipoprotein AI and AII antiserum and anti-h-apolipoprotein B-antiserum, respectively. Furthermore, bulk of the cholesterol mass was carried in VLDL (53.6 +/- 7.7%) and LDL (32.5 +/- 4.3%) with minor amounts (13.9 +/- 1.3%) in HDL fraction. It is concluded that human AF contains all three lipoproteins with most of the cholesterol being carried in very low density lipoprotein fraction.
Nitric oxide modulation of the growth and differentiation of freshly isolated acute non-lymphocytic leukemia cells

Freshly isolated acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) cells were treated with the nitric oxide (NO)-liberating compounds sodium nitroprusside or S-nitrosoacetyl penicillamine and analyzed for viability, growth, and differentiation at 3-5 days. NO decreased the viability and the growth of freshly isolated ANLL cells in vitro. NO treatment significantly increased expression of CD14 in blast cells from patients with M5 ANLL, and increased at least one differentiation parameter in M4 or M5 cells. It had little or no effect on parameters of differentiation in other ANLL cells. We conclude that in vitro culture with NO decreases the growth and viability of most freshly isolated ANLL cells. NO also induces the differentiation of ANLL cells with a monocytic phenotype.