cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of four crops for nitrogen utilization and carbohydrate yield

Field experiments with 5 levels of Nitrogen (0 to 200 kg/ha) and 4 crops—chicory(Chocorium intybus), fodder beet(Beta vulgaris), Jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus) and grain sorghum(Sorghum bicolor) that have shown promise for alcohol production were conducted at 2 locations in California. Nitrogen uptake patterns, were evaluated and N cost for producing plant storage parts and fermentable carbohydrate were calculated. The crops were compared on these criteria. The yields of vegetative and storage organs during the crop growth are reported and their rate of change with growing time were determined. Yields of vegetative parts and total biomass of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) and grain sorgum (GS) were higher than to that of chicory (CH) and fodderbeet (FB). However, due to their lower harvest index, JA and GS produced lower yields of fermentable carbohydrate and at a much higher N cost than CH and FB. Fodder beet had the highest N uptake and the response to applied N was linear. Chicory and fodder beet which had lower N uptake rates continued N uptake from soil for a longer period than either grain sorghum or Jerusalem artichoke. The N uptake of the four crops were in the decreasing order of fodder beet, grain sorghum, Jerusalem artichoke, and chicory. With N application, N concentrations of vegetative as well as storage part increased in all the crops, however, a greater proportion of applied N went into vegetative parts. At both locations, CH had the lowest N cost per unit fermentable carbohydrate produced.
Itinerários em análise social

The author identifies a set of choices - crossroads, as he prefers to call them - confronted by anyone who makes a career of social analysis. present versus past, action versus context, power versus-weakness, and prescription versus explanation are cross-roads that allow travelers to choose among multiple angles of approach (or avoidance) in the terrain of social analysis. Later he identifies and explains the choices he made: his own itinerary up to this point has generally favored the past over the present, context over action, and explanation over prescription, while seeking a middle ground between weakness and power.
Capacity for Empathy: Confronting Discrimina tion in Managing Multi cultural Work Force Diversity

This commentary focuses exclusively on problems of dis crimination as a major obstruction in managing diversity and incorporates an experiential training exercise for con fronting discrimination to...
Styles in document editing systems

A logical history of document editing mechanisms is presented. The design space for document style mechanisms is analyzed. Six primary design issues and the subsidiary issues they raise are discussed. Some major style issues that are seen as the subject of future research are identified. >
Nurse-physician collaboration: a poststructuralist view

The impact of various world views on nurse-physician collaboration is discussed in this paper. The poststructuralist perspective, in particular that of Michel Foucault, is presented as a means of advancing collaborative relationships. This approach allows nursing to move beyond the limitations and structure imposed by traditional philosophies. Free of these encumbrances, nursing can achieve its goals as a practice discipline, which includes collaboration with physician colleagues.
Photoemission and finite temperature ferromagnetism of Fe and Ni

Abstract Recent data obtained with the novel technique of spin- and angle-resolved photoemission on Fe(100) and Ni(110) for temperatures up to T c are reviewed. The data on Fe with initial states near Γ and on Ni with initial states near X are compared with the results of a model calculation on the temperature-induced changes in the spin-resolved energy distribution curves, based on transverse fluctuations of microscopic regions of constant magnetic moments. Data on Fe with initial states near H suggest a reduction of the exchange splitting with temperature in qualitative agreement with recent calculations in the disordered-local-moment picture. The data with their characteristic temperature-independent spin-resolved intensities at binding energy where the spin polarization crosses through zero might serve as a stringent test of theories on the ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition.
Integration of the Non-genomic and Genomic Actions of Estrogen: MEMBRANE-INITIATED SIGNALING BY STEROID TO TRANSCRIPTION AND CELL BIOLOGY *

Estrogen binds to receptors that translocate to the plasma membrane and to the nucleus. The rapid, non-genomic actions of this sex steroid are attributed to membrane action, while gene transcription occurs through nuclear receptor function. However, gene transcription can also result from estrogen signaling initiated at the membrane, but the relative importance of this mechanism is not known. In vascular endothelial cells (EC), estradiol (E2) activates several kinase cascades, including phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3K)/Akt, a signaling pathway that impacts EC biology. We determined here by DNA microarray that 40-min exposure to E2 significantly increased 250 genes in EC, up-regulation that was substantially prevented by the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002. This coincided with maximum E2-induced PI3K activity at 15–30 min. An important vascular gene strongly up-regulated by E2 in our array produces cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2). In cultured EC, E2induced both Cox-2 gene expression and new Cox-2 protein synthesis by 40 and 60 min, respectively, and rapidly stimulated the secretion of prostaglandins PGI2 and PGE2. The up-regulation of gene expression reflected transcriptional transactivation, shown using Cox-2 promoter/luciferase reporters in the EC. Soluble inhibitors or dominant negative constructs for PI3K and Akt prevented all these actions of E2. Functionally, EC migration was induced by the sex steroid, and this was significantly reversed by NS-398, a Cox-2 inhibitor. Gene transcription and cell biological effects of estrogen emanate from rapid and specific signaling, integrating cell surface and nuclear actions of this steroid.
Effects of Structural Modifications on the Activity of Hippelates Eye Gnat Attractants and Coattractants

An aqueous mixture of trimethylamine, ammonia, linoleic acid, and indole acidified to p H 6 with acetic acid attracts the eye gnat Hippelates collusor (Townsend). To study the influence of structural modifications of these active components on attractancy, we bioassayed homologs and analogs of the against field populations of the insects. Primary and secondary aliphattc amines either decreased or did not influence the attractancy of a composition containing ammonia, linoleic acid, and indole acidified with acetic acid to p H 6. With the exception of tripropylamine, all tertiary amines tested enhanced the attractancy of the composition. Cyclic amines reduced it. When a low-molecular aliphatic carboxylic acid was used to aCidify a composition containing trimethylamine, ammonia, linoleic acid, and indole to p H 6, those acidified with acetic, propionic, or n -butyric acid showed the greatest attractancy. The addition of linoleic or oleic acid to a composition containing trimethylamme, ammonia, and indole acidified to p H 6 with acetic acid increased the activity of the composition. Saturated fatty acids usually lowered it. Among unsaturated fatty acids tested, only those having 18 carbon atoms with a cis double. bond at the 9 positon or 2 cis double bonds at the 9 and 12 positions were effective in increasing the activity.
A collaboration to apply advanced information technologies in education

A collaboration between teachers, education researchers, and computational scientists to apply advanced information technology in the K-12 classroom is described. Over the past year in the Living Schoolbook project, prototype Education Information Infrastructure (EII) services were developed, teacher team training conducted, and teacher projects to create multimedia content for EII services established. Large scale projects combining the expertise and resources of teachers, education researchers, computational scientists, the media industry, and computing and commounications vendors are needed to develop education as a National Challenge application.
Instrumentation on the RAIDS experiment II: extreme-ultraviolet spectrometer, photometer, and near-IR spectrometer

The RAIDS experiment consists of eight instruments spanning the wavelength range from the extreme ultraviolet (55 nm) to the near infrared (800 nm) oriented to view the Earth's limb from the NOAA-J spacecraft to be launched into a circular orbit in 1993. Through measurements of the natural optical emissions and scattered sunlight origmating in the upper atmosphere including the mesosphere and thermosphere, state variables such as temperature, composition, density and ion concentration of this region will be inferred. This paper describes the subset of instruments fabricated or otherwise provided by the Space and Environment Technology Center (formerly Space Sciences Laboratory) at The Aerospace Corp. The companion to this paper describes the instruments from the Naval Research Laboratory. The Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrograph (EUVS), the three fixed filter photometers 0! (630), 0! (777), and Na (589), and the near infrared spectrometer (NIR) will be described. These are all mounted on a mechanical scan platform that scans the limb from approximately 75 to 750 km in the orbital plane of the satellite every 90 seconds.
Automating model search for large scale machine learning

The proliferation of massive datasets combined with the development of sophisticated analytical techniques has enabled a wide variety of novel applications such as improved product recommendations, automatic image tagging, and improved speech-driven interfaces. A major obstacle to supporting these predictive applications is the challenging and expensive process of identifying and training an appropriate predictive model. Recent efforts aiming to automate this process have focused on single node implementations and have assumed that model training itself is a black box, limiting their usefulness for applications driven by large-scale datasets. In this work, we build upon these recent efforts and propose an architecture for automatic machine learning at scale comprised of a cost-based cluster resource allocation estimator, advanced hyper-parameter tuning techniques, bandit resource allocation via runtime algorithm introspection, and physical optimization via batching and optimal resource allocation. The result is TuPAQ, a component of the MLbase system that automatically finds and trains models for a user's predictive application with comparable quality to those found using exhaustive strategies, but an order of magnitude more efficiently than the standard baseline approach. TuPAQ scales to models trained on Terabytes of data across hundreds of machines.
Cetuximab-induced hypomagnesemia in patients with colorectal cancer.

Abstract Background Cetuximab treatment has been associated with severe hypomagnesemia, but the predisposing factors and management of this toxicity have been poorly characterized. Patients and Methods The charts of 114 patients with colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab were reviewed. Forty-eight evaluable patients had normal magnesium levels before initiation of cetuximab and ≥1 repeat magnesium level during cetuximab treatment. The incidence, grade, and management of hypomagnesemia were described in the evaluable population. Results Among the evaluable population, 13 patients developed grade 3/4 hypomagnesemia (27%). The incidence of grade 3/4 hypomagnesemia was 6%, 23%, and 47% in patients receiving 6 months of cetuximab therapy, respectively. Grade 3/4 hypomagnesemia was refractory to oral supplementation and required daily to 3-times-weekly intravenous magnesium sulfate supplementation at 6-10 g per dose. Recovery or amelioration in hypomagnesemia occurred approximately 4 weeks after cetuximab discontinuation. Conclusion Severe hypomagnesemia is a frequent side effect of cetuximab therapy. Treatment of hypomagnesemia requires frequent intravenous magnesium supplementation and can be associated with significant patient inconvenience and an increased risk of venous access–related complications. Intermittent cetuximab schedules need to be investigated in order to reduce the frequency and severity of hypomagnesemia.
The effect of structure and chemistry on the strength of FeCrAl(Y)/sapphire interfaces: II. Strength of interfaces

Abstract The interfacial strengths of the FeCrAl/Al 2 O 3 and FeCrAlY/Al 2 O 3 interfaces in both as-deposited and annealed state were measured quantitatively by the laser spallation technique. The results show that in the as-deposited state, the presence of Y significantly improved the interfacial strength from 330±31 to 686±36 MPa. However, after annealing the films at 850 °C for 16 h, the interfacial strength of the Y-free samples increased to 545±68 MPa, while the interfacial strength of Y-containing sample decreased to 599±22 MPa. The increase in the interfacial strength of the Y-free films was attributed to an improvement in the crystalline quality of the interface. The decrease in interfacial strength of the annealed Y-containing film in spite of the improvement in the crystalline quality of the interface was attributed to the depletion of Y at the interface due to formation of yttrium oxide precipitates. This is further proved that the presence of Y improves the strength of FeCrAl/Al 2 O 3 interfaces significantly.
The Long-Term Outcome of Fundoplication in Children With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Retrospective Analysis.

Purpose of the Study: To evaluate our 5-year experience with anti-reflux surgery (ARS) and determine the parents' perspective of the outcome.
Increase during passage in culture in susceptibility of syrian hamster embryonic cells to induction of chromosome aberrations by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene

Abstract Studies were made on chromosome aberrations in Syrian hamster embryonal fibroblasts (SHEF) at early and late passages in culture. Aberrations were induced with a potent indirect clastogen, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Results showed that cells at late passages were much more susceptible to this chemical than cells at early passages: the frequency of aberrant metaphases was usually Induction of chromosome aberrations was also examined in V79 cells co-cultured with hamster cells at early and late passages. V79 cells are known to have no drug-metabolizing enzyme activity. Results demonstrate that the frequency of chromosome aberrations of V79 cells was much greater in the presence of hamster cells at late passages than in the presence of cells at early passages.
Catalytic hydrotreatment of PR spring bitumen over an HDM catalyst

Abstract PR Spring bitumen was hydrotreated in a fixed-bed reactor over a commercial Mo/alumina hydrodemetallation (HDM) catalyst. Hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrodemetallation, Conradson carbon residue (CCR) reduction, and residuum conversion were studied as a function of process operating conditions ( T =625–685 K, WHSV =0.26–1.55 h −1 and reactor pressure=11.1–16.6 MPa). The hydrogen-to-oil ratio was fixed at 890 m 3 /m 3 (5000 scf H 2 /bbl). The degree of sulfur removal was greater than residuum conversion and nitrogen removal with increasing temperature and contact time over the commercial HDM catalyst. Nitrogen conversion was lower than the conversions of the other species in all cases. Reactor pressure did not exert a significant influence on nitrogen and sulfur removal and CCR and residuum conversion.
Isolation, selection and evaluation of Rhizobium under controlled conditions

Abstract Rhizobia were screened in growth chamber and greenhouse tests with the host plants: bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), lentil (Lens esculenta Moench.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Rhizobial isolates varied in effectiveness, time to nodulation, and host plant specifities. Initial screening procedures in plastic growth pouches allowed selection of infective strains of Rhizobium. These tests enabled the selection of a small number of highly effective isolates for more critical evaluation. Highly significant correlations (p=0.01) were obtained between shoot dry weight and total nitrogen, suggesting that the technique was applying sufficient selection pressure to differentiate variation in N2 fixation among strains of Rhizobium. Results indicate that highly effective rhizobia can be efficiently selected under controlled conditions following a step‐wise procedure.
Diaphragmatic hernia mimicking an atrial mass: A two-dimensional echocardiographic pitfall

Two-dimensional echocardiography has become the diagnostic method of choice for identifying intracardiac masses. However, adjacent extracardiac structures may closely mimic intracardiac masses on the two-dimensional echocardiogram. Five cases of a previously unrecognized phenomenon in which a diaphragmatic hernia mimicked an intraatrial mass are reported. Techniques to identify a diaphragmatic hernia properly on two-dimensional echocardiographic examination and distinguish it from intracardiac masses are discussed.
Noradrenergic moderation of working memory impairments in adults with autism spectrum disorder

In addition to having difficulties with social communications, individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often also experience impairment in higher-order, executive skills. The present study examined the effects of pharmacological modulation of the norepinephrine system on the severity of such impairments. A sample of 14 high-functioning adults with ASD and a demographically-matched comparison group of 13 typically developing individuals participated. An AX continuous performance test (AX-CPT) was used to evaluate working memory and inhibitory control. AX-CPT performance was assessed following administration of a single dose of propranolol (a beta adrenergic antagonist) and following placebo (sugar pill) administration. Individuals with ASD performed more poorly than non-ASD individuals in the working memory condition (BX trials). Importantly, administration of propranolol attenuated this impairment, with the ASD group performing significantly better in the propranolol condition than the placebo condition. Working memory performance of the non-ASD group was unaffected by propranolol/placebo administration. No group or medication effects were observed for the inhibition condition (AY trials). The present findings suggest that norepinephrine may play a role in some, but not necessarily all, cognitive impairments associated with ASD. Additional research is needed to fully understand whether this role is primarily causal or compensatory in nature. (JINS, 2012, 18, 556–564)
Jurisdiction: Grounding Law in Language

Jurisdiction, a concept often demarcating law's territorial scope, and thus the bounds of state sovereignty, is offered here as a theory of legal language and its relation to law's social force. Reconsidered in light of its etymology as law's speech, new theories of jurisdiction suggest that law is simultaneously founded and enacted through language both spectacular (such as courtroom arguments or in the preambles of constitutions) and mundane (such as in legal aid intake exchanges, or in the forms of bureaucratic records). Jurisdiction points up how the force of law, and the sovereignty that law's force presupposes, can be seen as being made, and made seemingly unassailable, in the discursive and textual details of law's actual accomplishment. This review considers a segment of legal language scholarship produced in recent decades, while arguing for the ground that language, as juris-diction, always holds for law and sovereignty.
Nutritional counseling for prevention of dental caries in adolescents

A counseling technique that involves teaching the patient the principles of caries control, adapting them for his use, and motivating him to practice the principles was evaluated. A nutritional counseling technique was successful in teaching adolescents the principles of a balanced diet and of caries prevention and motivated a high proportion of participants to improve their diet.
An Analytical Approach to Understanding the “Pressure Gain” Combustor

Although pulse combustion has been successfully utilized in various commercial applications, one potential application yet to reach the market is the pressure gain gas turbine (PGGT). A PGGT would incorporate a pulse combustor rather than the typical steady-flow combustor to increase system efficiency and decrease pollutant emissions. The distinctive advantage of pulse combustion is its ability to achieve a stagnation pressure gain from inlet to exit. A primary concern with pressure gain combustion development, however, is the lack of understanding as to how a combustor should be designed to achieve a pressure gain. While significant progress has been made in understanding the fundamental controlling physics of pulse combustor operation, little research has been aimed at understanding and predicting whether a given system will produce pressure gain. The following paper proposes a simple framework which helps to explain how a pulse combustor achieves a stagnation pressure gain from inlet to exit. The premise behind the framework is that pressure gain can be achieved by closely approximating a constant volume combustion process, and a constant volume combustion process is closely approximated by matching the resonant and operating frequencies of the system. The framework is primarily based upon results from a one-dimensional method-of-characteristics model.
Inactivation of the ptsI gene encoding enzyme I of the sugar phosphotransferase system of Streptococcus salivarius: effects on growth and urease expression

The urease genes of Streptococcus salivarius 57.I are tightly repressed in cells growing at neutral pH. When cells are cultivated at acidic pH values, the urease genes become derepressed and transcription is enhanced when cells are growing under carbohydrate-excess conditions. Previously, the authors proposed that the bacterial sugar:phosphotransferase system (PTS) modulated the DNA-binding activity by phosphorylation of the urease repressor when carbohydrate was limiting. The purpose of this study was to assess whether enzyme I (EI) of the PTS could be involved in modulating urease expression in response to carbohydrate availability. An EI-deficient strain (ptsI18-3) of S. salivarius 57.I was constructed by insertional inactivation of the ptsI gene. The mutant had no measurable PTS activity and lacked EI, as assessed by Western analysis. The mutant grew as well as the wild-type strain on the non-PTS sugar lactose, and grew better than the parent when another non-PTS sugar, galactose, was the sole carbohydrate. The mutant was able to grow with glucose as the sole carbohydrate, but displayed a 24 h lag time and had a generation time some threefold longer than strain 57.I. The mean OD600 attained after 48 h by ptsI18-3 supplied with fructose was 0·16, with no additional growth observed even after 3 d. Urease expression in the wild-type and mutant strains was assessed in continuous chemostat culture. Repression of urease at neutral pH was seen in both strains under all conditions tested. Growth of wild-type cells on limiting concentrations of lactose resulted in very low levels of urease expression compared with growth on PTS sugars. In contrast, under similar conditions, urease expression in ptsI18-3 was restored to levels seen in the parent growing on PTS sugars. Growth under conditions of lactose excess resulted in further derepression of urease, but ptsI18-3 expressed about threefold higher urease activity than 57.I. The results support a role for EI in urease regulation, but also indicate that additional factors may be important in regulating urease gene expression.
STREAMFLOW TRENDS IN WISCONSIN'S DRIFTLESS AREA

ABSTRACT: Trends in streamflow characteristics were analyzed for streams in southwestern Wisconsin's Driftless Area by using data at selected gaging stations. The analyses indicate that annual low flows have increased significantly, whereas annual flood peaks have decreased. The same trends were not observed for forested areas of northern Wisconsin. Streamflow trends for other streams in southeastern Wisconsin draining predominantly agricultural land were similar to trends for Driftless Area streams for annual low flows. The causes for the trends are not well understood nor are the effects. Trends in annual precipitation do not explain the observed trends in streamflow. Other studies have found that erosion rates decreased significantly in the Driftless Area, and have attributed this reduction to a change of agricultural practices, which increase infiltration, decrease flood peaks, and increase low flows.
Aged Communities and Political Knowledge

Past work emphasizes the decline of cognition into older age. Recent work suggests that living in an aged community provides ample opportunity for social interaction with peers and that these older residents perform better cognitively than more isolated seniors. I test whether this relationship is evident for the political cognition of older residents with NAES data from 2000 and 2004. Findings indicate higher levels of political knowledge among seniors living in aged communities compared with their peers living in places without the same social context.
Does the Number of System Paramedics Affect Clinical Benchmark Thresholds

Objective. Competency is affected by skill exposure, skill complexity, andtraining program quality. The purpose of this study was to reevaluate the biennial (24-month) critical care skill andexperience benchmark thresholds established by the Milwaukee County Emergency Medical Services (MCEMS) system in 1997. Methods. This was a retrospective review of annual experience profiles for paramedics working during 2001–2005 using the MCEMS patient care record (PCR) database. The number of patient contacts, role as team leader/report writer, adult andpediatric endotracheal intubations, adult andpediatric intravenous (IV) access initiations, medication administration, and12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisitions were analyzed. t-tests anddescriptive statistics were performed for comparison with the 1997 study. Results. Over the five-year study period, 1,215 paramedic profiles gleaned from 107,524 PCRs documented a total of 297,900 patient contacts. Annual means ± standard deviations [ranges] were as follows: pa...
Dynamic and static numerical modeling of actual gradient-type neural networks

A discussion is presented of the performance modeling of gradient-type networks utilizing continuous activation functions, finite input resistance of neurons, and other parasitic components within the neural system. Both time-domain performance and static numerical modeling of the networks are characterized and compared. It is shown that the relaxation algorithm may not guarantee the numerical convergence while the vector field method does. >
Architecture as animate landscape: circular shrines in the ancient Maya lowlands.

In this study, I develop a theory of landscape archaeology that incorporates the concept of "animism" as a cognitive approach. Current trends in anthropology are placing greater emphasis on indigenous perspectives, and in recent decades animism has seen a resurgence in anthropological theory. As a means of relating in (not to) one's world, animism is a mode of thought that has direct bearing on landscape archaeology. Yet, Americanist archaeologists have been slow to incorporate this concept as a component of landscape theory. I consider animism and Nurit Bird-David's (1999) theory of "relatedness" and how such perspectives might be expressed archaeologically in Mesoamerica. I examine the distribution of marine shells and cave formations that appear incorporated as architectural elements on ancient Maya circular shrine architecture. More than just "symbols" of sacred geography, I suggest these materials represent living entities that animate shrines through their ongoing relationships with human and other-than-human agents in the world. (Maya architecture, animism, relational ontology, landscape archaeology, agency)
Performance of Silicotungstic Acid Modified Platinum Cathodes at High Temperature and Low Relative Humidity for PEMFCs

Silicotungstic acid was added to Pt/C electrodes of proton exchange membrane fuel cells using four fabrication processes to evaluate the catalytic effect on oxygen reduction. The electrochemical surface area of the catalyst was shown to decrease with increasing concentration of silicotungstic acid when directly added to the ink mixture, however indirect addition and pH neutralization methods showed a surface area increase. Performance of 25 cm 2 cells was evaluated by obtaining polarization curves at three conditions 80 ◦ C/35% relative humidity, 80 ◦ C/100% relative humidity and 120 ◦ /35% relative humidity with H2/air and H2/O2. Activity of the electrodes with silicotungstic acid with Pt/C was found to increase by as much as 17.7 mA/cm 2 at an overpotential of 0.3 V compared to electrodes with Pt/C at the 120 ◦ C/35% relative humidity condition. Limiting current of cells treated with silicotungstic acid were increased by as much as 600 mA/cm 2 at the 120 ◦ C/35% relative humidity condition. The improvement in performance is attributed to improved proton mobility in the electrode.
Network Power and Globalization

Against the celebratory view of globalization comes the charge that globalization represents a kind of empire. But this charge requires a framework in which we can identify the power at work in apparently voluntary processes, such as learning English or joining the World Trade Organization. I advance a concept of “network power” to explain the dynamic that drives many key aspects of globalization. A network is united via a standard, which is the shared norm or convention that enables coordination among its users, such as a language that allows communication among its speakers. A widely used standard is more valuable than a less used one, simply because it governs access to a larger network of people. The idea of network power generalizes this fact to describe globalization as the rise to global dominance of standards that have achieved critical mass in language, high technology, trade, law, and many other areas. It also characterizes the rise to dominance of a successful standard as involving a form of power. While these new standards allow for global coordination, they also eclipse local standards, rendering them unviable to the extent that they prove incompatible with dominant ones. Therefore many of the choices driving globalization are only formally free and, in fact, are constrained because the network power of a dominant standard makes it the only effectively available option. It is this dynamic that generates much of the resentment against globalization and the criticism that it reflects a new imperialism.
Measuring Electoral Court Failure in Democratizing Mexico

After identifying a lack of attention to electoral courts and post-electoral contestation of elections, this article seeks to compensate for the lack of comparative cross-national data on election dispute resolution by constructing ideal types of electoral court success and failure within one country, Mexico, where primary research has produced needed data. It exposes authoritarian incumbent/opposition bargaining over rules of Mexico's democratic transition in the resolution of post-electoral conflicts in Mexico's municipalities. In identifying legal versus extra-legal paths of post-electoral contestation, it conceives of a “rule of law” ratio—the ratio of extra-legal post-electoral conflicts to legal electoral court case filings—to indicate gradual increases in opposition party compliance with electoral institutions. Upon establishing the lag between the construction of electoral institutions and compliance with them, the article concludes that this gap is attributable to conditions beyond their mere ins...
Analysis of the notch tip damage zone in biaxially oriented polypropylene

The circular notch tip damage zone in biaxially oriented polypropylene has been analyzed using a thickness correction to the elastic stress distribution for a sharp-notched tension specimen. The size and shape of the damage zone as a function of applied stress followed a critical mean stress criterion, independent of specimen thickness. Also, the damage zone only grew while σ3 was greater than zero. Close observations of sections through the damage zone revealed that the circular zone, which consisted of many delamination crazes, had a distinctive pattern when viewed across the thickness difection. Large crazes grew into a triangular pattern with smaller crazes in between them. The shape developement of the triangular profile as well as the smaller crazes was explained using a stress-redistribution argument. The growth path of the delamination crazes in the x-z plane appeared to be in a direction perpendicular to the direction of σ3. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of a Proximity Coupled Patch Antenna on a Metalized Substrate

This paper investigates the periodic metallic loading effects on a proximity coupled microstrip patch antenna fed by a microstrip line. Specifically a mushroom-type EBG structure is investigated. When the loading elements are small and capacitive, metallic loadings have the effect of reducing patch antenna size with the same center frequency with a slight decrease in bandwidth. When the EBG structure is sufficiently large and resonates at a similar frequency as the patch antenna, the high-impedance surface effect is not seen and the bandwidth actually decreases. This result is due to the similar dimensions of patch antenna and the loading elements.
Flux Quantization and Particle Physics

Quantized flux has provided an interesting model for muons and for electrons: One closed flux loop of the form of a magnetic dipole field line is assumed to adopt alternative forms which are superposed with complex probability amplitudes to define the magnetic field of a source lepton. The spinning of that loop with an angular velocity equal to the Zitterbewegung frequency $\frac{2m{c}^{2}}{\ensuremath{\hbar}}$ implies an electric Coulomb field, (negative) positive, depending on (anti) parallelism of magnetic moment and spin. The model implies $\mathrm{CP}$ invariance. A quark may be represented by a quantized flux loop if interlinked with another loop in the case of a meson, with two other loops in the case of a baryon. Because of the link, their spinning is very different from that of a single loop (lepton). The concept of a single quark does not exist accordingly, and it is seen that a baryon with a symmetric spin-isospin function in the SU(2) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} SU(3) quark representation might not violate the Pauli principle because the wave function representing the relative position of linked loops may be chosen antisymmetric. Weak interactions may be understood to occur when the flux loops involved in the interaction have to cross over themselves or over each other. Strangeness is readily interpreted in terms of the trefoil character of a $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ quark: Strangeness-violating interactions imply crossing of flux lines and are thus weak and parity-nonconserving. $\ensuremath{\Delta}S=\ensuremath{\Delta}Q$ is favored in such interactions. Intrinsic symmetries may be interpreted in terms of topology of linked loops. Sections I and II give a short r\'esum\'e of the 1971 paper.
“All over the place”: A case study of classroom multitasking and attentional performance

Media multitasking has become a contested practice in many college classrooms. Students increasingly split their attentions between lecture and personal media, while educators largely view the new screens as fostering disengaged and distracted forms of conduct. Together, teachers and students have developed a series of strategies governing the proper practice of multitasking during lecture. Using interviews and ethnographic field observations, I examine how these strategies of media use operate within one undergraduate classroom. Drawing from this case study, I argue that multitasking reveals a complex series of negotiations between teachers, students, and their co-present environment. Examining these negotiations provides not only a snapshot of how media attention is practiced within the classroom but also suggests ways for instructors to respond to the rise of new technologies within their own classes.
An Autoanalyzer Test for the Quantitation of Platelet‐Associated IgG

A new quantitative antiglobulin consumption (QAC) test for the measurement of platelet-associated IgG is described. In this test washed platelets are incubated with anti-IgG at a final dilution of 1:2 million. The unneutralized fraction of anti-IgG remaining in solution is then measured with an Autoanalyzer and soluble IgG is used for calibration. The dose-response curves depicting the percent neutralization of anti-IgG by platelets and by soluble IgG were compared in detail and found to be nearly identical, indicating that platelet-associated IgG can be accurately quantitated by this method. The mean IgG values were 2,287 molecules/platelet for normal adults and 38,112 molecules/platelet for ITP patients. The Autoanalyzer QAC test is a sensitive and reproducible assay for the quantitation of platelet-associated IgG.
Sequence and Comparative Analysis of the Mouse 1-Megabase Region Orthologous to the Human 11p15 Imprinted Domain

A major barrier to conceptual advances in understanding the mechanisms and regulation of imprinting of a genomic region is our relatively poor understanding of the overall organization of genes and of the potentially important cis-acting regulatory sequences that lie in the nonexonic segments that make up 97% of the genome. Interspecies sequence comparison offers an effective approach to identify sequence from conserved functional elements. In this article we describe the successful use of this approach in comparing a approximately 1-Mb imprinted genomic domain on mouse chromosome 7 to its orthologous region on human 11p15.5. Within the region, we identified 112 exons of known genes as well as a novel gene identified uniquely in the mouse region, termed Msuit, that was found to be imprinted. In addition to these coding elements, we identified 33 CpG islands and 49 orthologous nonexonic, nonisland sequences that met our criteria as being conserved, and making up 4.1% of the total sequence. These conserved noncoding sequence elements were generally clustered near imprinted genes and the majority were between Igf2 and H19 or within Kvlqt1. Finally, the location of CpG islands provided evidence that suggested a two-island rule for imprinted genes. This study provides the first global view of the architecture of an entire imprinted domain and provides candidate sequence elements for subsequent functional analyses.
Rational Thinking in School-Based Practice

Purpose We reflect on Alan Kamhi’s (2011) prologue on balancing certainty and uncertainty as it pertains to school-based practice. Method In schools, rational thinking depends on effective team pro...
Scalable Analysis Techniques for Microprocessor Performance Counter Metrics

Contemporary microprocessors provide a rich set of integrated performance counters that allow application developers and system architects alike the opportunity to gather important information about workload behaviors. Current techniques for analyzing data produced from these counters use raw counts, ratios, and visualization techniques help users make decisions about their application performance. While these techniques are appropriate for analyzing data from one process, they do not scale easily to new levels demanded by contemporary computing systems. Very simply, this paper addresses these concerns by evaluating several multivariate statistical techniques on these datasets. We find that several techniques, such as statistical clustering, can automatically extract important features from the data. These derived results can, in turn, be fed directly back to an application developer, or used as input to a more comprehensive performance analysis environment, such as a visualization or an expert system.
Unruptured cerebral arteriovenous malformations: to treat or not to treat.

See related article, pages 1243–1247 As noninvasive brain imaging for sometimes dubious indications becomes more and more ubiquitous, greater numbers of asymptomatic lesions are being found and management decisions are being required. Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) represent a particularly challenging subset of these lesions, given their overall low incidence and the high frequency with which some form of multimodality treatment may be required for complete obliteration. In order to make an educated decision regarding therapy, a thorough understanding of the natural history is needed, but not always available. In the case of intracranial AVM, a combination of retrospective and prospective studies have yielded a generally accepted bleed risk of 2% to 4% per year with an associated neurological morbidity of 20% to 30% and mortality of 10% to 30% with each bleed.1–12 Unfortunately, all of these reports constitute level V evidence and suffer from the usual methodological problems of case series, including selection bias, treatment bias and inconsistent follow-up. In this issue of Stroke , Choi et al13 update these outcome statistics using data prospectively entered into the Columbia AVM Databank from 1989 to 2004. The authors examine the clinical outcome after first and recurrent hemorrhage in patients with untreated cerebral AVM. Rankin Score (RS) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS), both acutely and after follow-up, were collected. Outcome results were also stratified according to the anatomical location of the initial hemorrhage (nonparenchymatous or parenchymatous). In addition, outcome after parenchymatous hemorrhage was compared with outcome data from survivors of non–AVM-related intracerebral hemorrhage from the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS). The study was not designed to provide data regarding the de novo risk of AVM hemorrhage or the risks of treatment. After their initial hemorrhage, the majority of patients (72%) had an RS of ≥2 and 61% …
UNDERSTANDING HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS

INTRODUCTION ......... 238 The Need jor Understanding Hwnan Resource Management (HRM) in Context ... 238 Theoretical Perspectives Relevant to Understanding HRM in Context 238 REVIEW OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH 244 HRM and the Internal Contexts of Organizations .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 HRM and the External Contexts oj Organizations 248 AN INTEGRATIVE PERSPECTIVE FOR RESEARCH ON HRM IN CONTEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Theory-Driven Research 255 Methodological Issues 256
Influences on Undergraduate Business Students' Perceptions About the Adequacy of Library Information Resources

This qualitative study was designed to provide insight into the responses of undergraduate business students to a survey item about the adequacy of library resources. Interviews with seven business majors revealed that students were not aware of the information resources available to them and that they found library resources overwhelming and confusing. The findings of this study did not reveal that additional business information resources should be provided to support students, but the study did yield useful information about what influences undergraduate business students' perceptions of and expectations about the information resources provided by the library. The article includes recommendations for increasing students' awareness of specialized business databases and improving students' perception that the content of these databases is useful for their coursework.
Parenting: Section deserves a scolding

In his news story “An experiment in zero parenting” (special section on Parenting, 15 August, p. [752][1]), E. Marshall wrote about the Bucharest Early Intervention Project's (BEIP's) conclusions that foster care is superior to institutional care for unparented children. He noted that the BEIP
Physical and chemical studies on glycoproteins: I. Isolation and characterization of glycoproteins from porcine submaxillary gland☆

Abstract Porcine submaxillary glycoprotein (PSM) was prepared by a procedure involving precipitation with Cetavlon, followed by solubilization in NaCl solution (ionic strength 0.15), and treatment with carboxymethyl-Sephadex. The PSM was then fractionated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography with NaCl concentration gradients. Two glycoprotein fractions were obtained; one (GP I) eluted with a low concentration of NaCl, and the other (GP II) eluted with 5 n NaCl and higher pH. GP I and II were recovered from PSM with an 80% yield. A component containing N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-acetylglucosamine was removed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. No nucleic acid or mucopolysaccharide contamination was detected in PSM. GP I was found to be polydisperse by ultracentrifugation, free boundary electrophoresis, and immunoelectrophoresis. The main component of GP I appears to be an association product since it could be dissociated in 8 m urea or by neuraminidase treatment. While this phenomenon could account for the observed polydispersity, it is probable that GP I is heterogeneous. GP II, however, was homogeneous when examined by polyacrylamide gel, free boundary, and immunoelectrophoresis. Ultracentrifugation of GP II and its sialic acid-free derivative also indicated a homogeneous preparation. The molecular weight of GP II was found by sedimentationviscosity analysis to be 180,000 with an intrinsic viscosity of 1.32 dl gm−1.
Cyperaceae of tropical America some new or critical species II

Described as new areHypolytrum pallidiceps, a clearcut species from Guyana,Oreobolus ecuadorensis, an ally ofO. obtusangulus from Ecuador, andScleria millespicula of the sectionOphryoscleria from Brazilian Amazonia.Oreobolus venezuelensis andScleria sprucei are newly added to the floras of Colombia and Venezuela respectively.
Teacher learning as curating: Becoming inclusive educators in school/university partnerships

Abstract The purpose of the study was to answer the following questions: (a) What contradictions emerge in the context of a school/university partnership for inclusive education? And (b) How do resident teachers resolve these contradictions as they learned to be inclusive education teachers? Contradictions emerged as teacher residents were required to use in their classrooms pedagogical artifacts taught in the masters’ program that were in conflict with the school district’s curricular policies and mandated practices. We use the notion of curating to explain how resident teachers resolved contradictions in situated practice. We provide recommendations for research and teacher learning efforts for inclusive education.