cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new haemorrhagic disorder with defective fibrin stabilization and cryofibrinogenaemia.

Summary. An acquired haemorrhagic syndrome is described in which the failure of haemostasis is due to impaired crosslinking of fibrin. This defect, demonstrated by both monochloroacetic acid clot-solubility test and disc-gel electrophoretic analysis of individual fibrin chains, existed despite normal fibrin stabilizing factor (factor XIII) levels in the patient's plasma. Activation of the factor by thrombin, measured by amine incorporation into casein, was normal. The unique molecular defect in this patient could be fully accounted for by the presence of an inhibitory IgG antibody against the crosslinking sites in fibrinogen-fibrin. No alteration could be seen in either the rate or in the extent of the reversible aggregation of fibrin. However, large amounts of cryoprecipitate were found in the patient's plasma. This phenomenon could be reproduced in vitro by incubating the chromatographically purified IgG of the patient with normal fibrinogen at 4°C. It is conceivable that the antibody in the patient could have arisen in response to the modification of normal fibrinogen by isonicotinic acid hydrazide which the patient had ingested for 8 yr.
Use of Inlet Guide Vanes for a Miniature Centrifugal Compressor

A novel design for a high-speed, miniature centrifugal compressor for a miniature RTBC (reverse turbo Brayton cycle) cryogenic cooling system is the focus of this paper. Due to the geometrical restriction imposed by the cryocooling system, the outer radius of the compressor is limited to 2.5 cm. Such a small compressor must rotate at a high speed in order to provide an acceptable pressure ratio. Miniature design precludes the use of inducers with large angles. In order to compensate for the absence of conventional inducers, the proposed design uses inlet guide vanes (IGV) that produce preswirl at the impeller inlet. IGV is followed by a radial impeller and an axial diffuser. The design speed for this compressor is 313,000 rpm for an overall static-to-total pressure ratio of 1.7 with helium as the working fluid for the compressor and the cryocooling system. The analysis undertaken in this paper is for an aerodynamically similar design with air as the working fluid. The rotational speed is 108,000 rpm and the overall static-to-total pressure ratio of 1.55. This paper concentrates on computational prediction of the performance of the compressor. The three-dimensional transient simulation is performed by using sliding mesh model (SMM). Blade tip leakage is not considered in the computation presented here. The unsteady solution predicts the interaction between IGV and the impeller, and between the impeller and the diffuser. The isentropic efficiency of impeller is found to be 81% at the design point. Based on the results obtained in this study, the inlet angle of diffuser vanes is modified to match the gas flow at the impeller exit, resulting in an increase of the isentropic efficiency of diffuser from 8.6% to 74.8%. It is also found that the performance of upstream components — IGV and impeller, are not affected by the performance of the diffuser.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Modeling of the Internal Two-Phase Flow in a Gas-Centered Swirl Coaxial Fuel Injector

Predicting the liquid film dynamics inside the injector cup of gas-centered swirl coaxial fuel injectors requires a general two-phase approach that is appropriate for all liquid volume fractions, high Weber number, and complex geometries. The rapid exchange of momentum at the highly convoluted interface requires tight numerical coupling between the gas and liquid phases. An Eulerian two-phase model is implemented to represent the liquid and gas interactions in the injector as well as the atomization processes at the rough interface. The model, originally proposed by Vallet et al, assumes that in the limit of infinite Reynolds and Weber number, features of the atomization process acting at large length scales are separable from small scale mechanisms. A transport equation for the liquid volume fraction represents the dispersion of the liquid into the gas via a traditional turbulent diffusion hypothesis. A model for the growth of mean interfacial surface area is then used to characterize the growth of instability at the interface, allowing a characterization of Sauter mean diameter. The model shows promise as a computationally inexpensive tool for characterizing spray quality in regions where optical experimental data are difficult to obtain and two-phase direct numerical simulation methods are too demanding. Twodimensional results of the model are compared to photographs of the liquid film within the injector cup. The comparisons show good agreement between the predicted film profile and experimental measurements, although in some cases underpredicting the film length. The discrepancy between the experiment and model results suggest the need to extend the inter-phase coupling to a form more suitable for anisotropic, swirling flow.
Re-evaluating the Role of Text in Indian Art Towards a Shastric Analysis of the Image of Shri Nathji in Nathdvara Miniature Painting

This article seeks to rediscover and contemporise the importance of using the shastras, Sanskrit technical treatises, as a standard of critique to analyse Indian art. The applicability and interpretative value of this approach for the study of Indian art history is exemplified by a case study of the miniature paintings representing the image of Shri Nathji in Nathdvara. Analysing the image of Shri Nathji as it appears in Nathdvara miniature paintings from different shastric points of views, including the theories of measurement and proportion, postures, mudras and rasa theory, the article proposes to include in the definition of shastra not only canonical textual sources but also practical/visual and oral/verbal transmitted knowledge. While textual concepts are used as a methodology for the reading of the image of Shri Nathji, the canonical shastric theories are considered side by side with such oral and practical knowledge in an attempt to redefine the concept of ‘text’ for Indian tradition, and especial...
Studies on the Mechanism by Which the Formation of Nanocomposites Enhances Thermal Stability

Polystyrene-clay and polystyrene-graphite nanocomposites have been prepared and used to explore the process by which the presence of clay or graphite in a nanocomposite enhances the thermal stability of polymers. This study has been designed to determine if the presence of paramagnetic iron in the matrix can result in radical trapping and thus enhance thermal stability. Nanocomposites were prepared by bulk polymerization using both iron-containing and iron-depleted clays and graphites, and they were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and cone calorimetry. The presence of structural iron, rather than that present as an impurity, significantly increases the onset temperature of thermal degradation in polymer-clay nanocomposites. Intercalated nanocomposites show an iron effect, but this is less important for exfoliated systems. Polymer-graphite nanocomposites show no difference between iron-free and iron-containing nanocomposites, presumably because the iron is not nanodispersed in the graphite.
Directed motion of telomeres in the formation of the meiotic bouquet revealed by time course and simulation analysis.

Chromosome movement is critical for homologous chromosome pairing during meiosis. A prominent and nearly universal meiotic chromosome reorganization is the formation of the bouquet, characterized by the close clustering of chromosome ends at the nuclear envelope. We have used a novel method of in vitro culture of rye anthers combined with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) detection of telomeres to quantitatively study bouquet formation. The three-dimensional distribution of telomeres over time was used to obtain a quantitative profile of bouquet formation intermediates. The bouquet formed through a gradual, continuous tightening of telomeres over ∼6 h. To determine whether the motion of chromosomes was random or directed, we developed a computer simulation of bouquet formation to compare with our observations. We varied the diffusion rate of telomeres and the amount of directional bias in telomere movement. In our models, the bouquet was formed in a manner comparable to what we observed in cultured meiocytes only when the movement of telomeres was actively directed toward the bouquet site, whereas a wide range of diffusion rates were permitted. Directed motion, as opposed to random diffusion, was required to reproduce our observations, implying that an active process moves chromosomes to cause telomere clustering.
The mitochondrial small heat-shock protein protects NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase of the electron transport chain during heat stress in plants

Functional inactivation of the mitochondrial small heat-shock protein (lmw Hsp) in submitochondrial vesicles using protein-specific antibodies indicated that this protein protects NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I), and consequently electron transport from complex I to cytochrome c:O2 oxidoreductase (complex IV). Lmw Hsp function completely accounted for heat acclimation of complex I electron transport in pre-heat-stressed plants. Addition of purified lmw Hsp to submitochondrial vesicles lacking this Hsp increased complex I electron transport rates 100% in submitochondrial vesicles assayed at high temperatures. These results indicate that production of the mitochondrial lmw Hsp is an important adaptation to heat stress in plants.
Using information scent to model user information needs and actions and the Web

On the Web, users typically forage for information by navigating from page to page along Web links. Their surfing patterns or actions are guided by their information needs. Researchers need tools to explore the complex interactions between user needs, user actions, and the structures and contents of the Web. In this paper, we describe two computational methods for understanding the relationship between user needs and user actions. First, for a particular pattern of surfing, we seek to infer the associated information need. Second, given an information need, and some pages as starting pints, we attempt to predict the expected surfing patterns. The algorithms use a concept called “information scent”, which is the subjective sense of value and cost of accessing a page based on perceptual cues. We present an empirical evaluation of these two algorithms, and show their effectiveness.
The Evolution of Dyadic Interorganizational Relationships in a Network of Publicly Funded Nonprofit Agencies

This article addresses a gap in the extant literature on networks by assessing how interorganizational relationships evolve in a public sector network setting. The context for the research was a network of publicly funded health and human service agencies involved in service delivery to people with serious mental illness. Longitudinal data were collected from a single community. The analysis suggests that public and nonprofit sector relationships evolve differently than private sector partnerships, providing an alternative perspective to the prevailing view in organization theory.
Is Roux-en-Y gastric bypass safe after previous antireflux surgery? Technical feasibility and postoperative symptom assessment

Abstract Background Clinically significant morbid obesity is associated with an increased risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Vertical Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) is known to eliminate acid (and bile) in the pouch of cardia, which would provide control of reflux symptoms. The aim of our study was to assess the technical considerations, morbidity, and safety of RYGBP after previous antireflux surgery and evaluate postoperative reflux symptoms. Methods Retrospective review of all patients undergoing RYGBP after previous antireflux surgery from three institutions. Follow-up (mean 18 months) data were obtained from medical records and by questionnaire. Results A total of 19 patients (18 women and 1 man) underwent standard (n = 18) or distal (n = 1) RYGBP 8 ± 1 years after Nissen (n = 18) or Toupet (n = 1) fundoplication. Open RYGBP was undertaken in 17 of 19 patients. No postoperative deaths occurred. Substantive complications occurred in 4 patients (21%) and included hemorrhage requiring transfusion, concomitant splenectomy, and reoperation for suspected leak in 2. Of the 19 patients, 16 returned the questionnaire, 15 of whom reported subjective improvement in reflux symptoms after RYGBP compared with after antireflux surgery. No patient in this series required medical therapy for reflux symptoms at the last follow-up visit. The body mass index decreased from 42 ± 2 kg/m 2 to 32 ± 2 kg/m 2 (mean ± SEM); all patients with ≥1 year of follow-up had a body mass index of ≤32 kg/m 2 . At last follow-up, 88% of patients were very satisfied subjectively with their outcome. Conclusions RYGBP after previous antireflux surgery is technically feasible and safe, but it is associated with greater complication rates than those seen with other forms of reoperative bariatric procedures. RYGBP results in effective weight loss, controls reflux symptoms, and may be the procedure of choice in morbidly obese patients with previous antireflux surgery, and obese patients requiring surgical treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease.
A mandibular central lesion with unusually rapid growth.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 24-year-old Hispanic male presented to the emergency department with a 13-day history of anterior mandibular swelling. The patient denied any associated pain or numbness and did not recall trauma to the area. He reported no recent episodes of fever, chills, or nausea and he denied any intraoral drainage or discharge. The patient’s past medical history was significant for multiple gunshot wounds; one to the left orbit 6 years previously followed by a separate wound to the abdomen a year later. He was taking no medications and reported no known drug allergies. The patient’s past surgical history was significant for left orbital exoneration and exploratory laparotomy associated with his prior gunshot wounds. The patient reported a significant history of alcohol consumption, but he denied use of tobacco or any other drugs. On clinical examination, the patient displayed enlargement of the anterior mandible with obliteration of the vestibule and the labio-mental fold (Fig 1). The swelling extended from the left to right mandibular first premolar teeth and was firm and nontender upon palpation. There was no detectable thrill or bruit. The cortical expansion appeared to primarily involve the facial aspect of the mandible with minimal alteration of
Increased Protection from Vaccinia Virus Infection in Mice Genetically Prone to Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Mutations in the genes that encode Fas or Fas ligand (FasL) can result in poor restraints on lymphocyte activation and in increased susceptibility to autoimmune disorders. Because these mutations portend a continuously activated immune state, we hypothesized that they might in some cases confer resistance to infection. To examine this possibility, the immune response to, morbidity caused by, and clearance of vaccinia virus (VACV) Western Reserve was examined in 5- to 7-week-old Fas mutant (lpr) mice, before an overt lymphoproliferative disorder was observable. On day 6 after VACV infection, C57BL/6-lpr (B6-lpr) mice had decreased morbidity, decreased viral titers, and an increased percentage and number of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. As early as day 2 after infection, B6-lpr mice had decreased liver and spleen viral titers and increased numbers of and increased gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production by several different effector cell populations. Depletion of individual effector cell subsets did not inhibit the resistance of B6-lpr mice. Uninfected B6-lpr mice also had increased numbers of NK cells, γδ(+) T cells, and CD44(+) CD4(+) and CD44(+) CD8(+) T cells compared to uninfected B6 mice. Antibody to IFN-γ resulted in increased virus load in both B6 and B6-lpr mice and eliminated the differences in viral titers between them. These results suggest that IFN-γ produced by multiple activated leukocyte populations in Fas-deficient hosts enhances resistance to some viral infections.
Major Results from Sage II

The SAGE II (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II) sensor was launched into a 57° inclination orbit aboard the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) in October 1984. During each sunrise and sunset encountered by the orbiting spacecraft, the instrument (Mauldin et al., 1985) uses the solar occupation technique to measure attenuated solar radiation through the Earth’s limb in seven channels centered at wavelengths ranging from 0.385 to 1.02 μm. The exo-atmospheric solar irradiance is also measured in each channel during each event for use as a reference in determining limb transmittances. The transmittance measurements are inverted using the “onion-peeling” approach (Chu et al., 1989) to yield 1-km vertical resolution profiles of aerosol extinction (at 0.385, 0.453, 0.525, and 1.02 μm), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and water vapor. The focus of the measurements is on the lower and middle stratosphere, although retrieved aerosol, water vapor, and ozone profiles often extend well into the troposphere under non-volcanic and cloud-free conditions. SAGE II was preceded into orbit by sister instruments SAM II (Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement II), which has been measuring 1.0-μm aerosol extinction in the polar regions since 1978, and SAGE I, which provided near global measurements of aerosol extinction (at 0.45 and 1.0 μm), ozone, and nitrogen dioxide from 1979–1981 (McCormick et al., 1979).
Temporal trends in eversion carotid endarterectomy for carotid atherosclerosis: single-center experience with 5,034 patients.

The aim of this article is to review our experience in surgical treatment of carotid atherosclerosis using eversion carotid endarterectomy (ECEA) in 5,034 patients, with particular attention to temporal changes in patients' characteristics, diagnostic approach, surgical technique, medical therapy, and outcome in the early (group A, 1991–1997) versus late (group B 1998–2004) period of ECEA. From January 1991 to December 2004, 5,034 primary ECEAs were performed for high-grade carotid stenosis. Patients treated for restenosis after previous carotid surgery were excluded from the analysis. Group A consisted of 1,714 patients who underwent surgery between 1991 and 1997, and group B consisted of 3,320 patients who underwent surgery between 1998 and 2004. Follow-up included routine clinical evaluation and noninvasive surveillance, with duplex scanning at 1 month after surgery, after 6 months, and annually afterward. Only 3% of patients in group A and 0.6% in group B were asymptomatic, with 23% and 47% of them ha...
Giant Planet Migration in Viscous Power-Law Disks

Many extrasolar planets discovered over the past decade are gas giants in tight orbits around their host stars. Due to the difficulties of forming these "hot Jupiters" in situ, they are generally assumed to have migrated to their present orbits through interactions with their nascent disks. In this paper, we present a systematic study of giant planet migration in power-law disks. We find that the planetary migration rate is proportional to the disk surface density. This is inconsistent with the assumption that the migration rate is simply the viscous drift speed of the disk. However, this result can be obtained by balancing the angular momentum of the planet with the viscous torque in the disk. We have verified that this result is not affected by adjusting the resolution of the grid, the smoothing length used, or the time at which the planet is released to migrate.
Effects on repolarization using dynamic QT interval monitoring in long-QT patients following left cardiac sympathetic denervation.

Dynamic QT Interval Monitoring Post-LCSD Background Videoscopic left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) is an adjunct therapy for reduction of arrhythmia-induced events in patients with long-QT syndrome (LQTS). LCSD reduces LQTS-triggered breakthrough cardiac events. The temporal effects of QTc changes post-LCSD have not been studied. Methods We utilized continuous QTc monitoring on 72 patients with LQTS. We evaluated acute and long-term QTc changes in comparison to 12-lead ECG-derived QTc values prior to surgery, 24 hours postsurgery, and at follow up ≥3 months. Results Seventy-two patients underwent LCSD at our institution (46% male, mean age at LCSD was 14 ± 10 years). The mean baseline, pre-LCSD QTc was 505 ± 56 ms, which had decreased significantly at ≥3 months post-LCSD to 491 ± 40 ms (P = 0.001). QTc monitoring revealed that the majority of the cohort (53/72; 74%) had a transient increase >30 ms in QTc from baseline, with an average maximum increase of 72 ± 30 ms. Resolution within 10 ms of baseline or less occurred in 57% (30/53) at 24 hours post-LCSD. Conclusions Although LQTS patients may have a paradoxically increased QTc post-LCSD, the effects are transient in most patients. Importantly, no patients experienced any arrhythmias in the postoperative setting related to this transient rise in QTc.
Spin-dependent localized Hartree-Fock density-functional calculation of singly, doubly, and triply excited and Rydberg states of He- and Li-like ions

A spin-dependent density-functional approach for the calculation of highly and multiply excited state of atomic system is proposed based on the localized Hartree-Fock density-functional method and Slater’s diagonal sum rule. In this approach, electron spin orbitals in an electronic configuration are obtained first by solving the Kohn-Sham equation with an exact nonvariational spin-dependent localized Hartree-Fock exchange potential. Then a single-Slater-determinant energy of the electronic configuration is calculated by using these electron spin orbitals. Finally, a multiplet energy of an excited state is evaluated from the single-Slater-determinant energies of the electronic configurations involved in terms of Slater’s diagonal sum rule. This approach has been applied to the calculation of singly, doubly, and especially triply excited Rydberg states of He- and Li-like ions. The total energies obtained from the calculation with an exchange-only sX-onlyd potential are surprisingly close to those of Hartree-Fock method and the total energies from the calculation with exchange-correlation potential are in overall agreement with available theoretical and experimental data. The presented procedure provides a simple and computationally efficient scheme for the accurate calculation of highly and multiply excited Rydberg states of an atomic system within density-functional theory.
AUTOVAC: Automatically Extracting System Resource Constraints and Generating Vaccines for Malware Immunization

Malware often contains many system-resource-sensitive condition checks to avoid any duplicate infection, make sure to obtain required resources, or try to infect only targeted computers, etc. If we are able to extract the system resource constraints from malware code, and manipulate the environment state as vaccines, we would then be able to immunize a computer from infections. Towards this end, this paper provides the first systematic study and presents a prototype system, AUTOVAC, for automatically extracting the system resource constraints from malware code and generating vaccines based on the system resource conditions. Specifically, through monitoring the data propagation from system-resource-related system calls, AUTOVAC automatically identifies the environment related state of a computer. Through analyzing the environment state, AUTOVAC automatically generates vaccines. Such vaccines can be then injected into other computers, thereby being immune from future infections from the same malware or its polymorphic variants. We have evaluated AUTOVAC on a large set of real-world malware samples and successfully extracted working vaccines for many families including high-profile Conficker, Sality and Zeus. We believe AUTOVAC represents an appealing technique to complement existing malware defenses.
Effects of Growth Hormone Therapy in Children After Cardiac Transplantation

Background Growth hormone (GH) is used to treat growth failure in children with GH deficiency. The safety and efficacy of GH after pediatric cardiac transplantation is not known. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth and cardiovascular effects of GH in children with growth failure after cardiac transplantation. Methods Pediatric cardiac transplant recipients who received GH from 1994 to 2004 were evaluated. Growth, cardiac function, hemodynamics and rejection frequency were serially monitored for 2 years before, during and after GH. Eight age-matched heart transplant recipients undergoing a natural growth spurt were evaluated as controls. Results The mean age of subjects at initiation of GH was 13 ± 3 years (mean duration 2.5 ± 1 years, n = 10), of whom 3 were GH-deficient. Growth velocity (GV) increased from 2.5 ± 2 to 8.6 ± 3 cm/year with GH. There was an increase in left ventricular (LV) shortening fraction (SF; 37 ± 1% to 41 ± 1%), LV mass (93 ± 11 to 118 ± 15 g/m 2 ), LV volume (138 ± 14 to 188 ± 21 ml/m 2 ) and cardiac index (3.1 ± 0.7 to 4.1 ± 0.5 liters/min/m 2 ) during GH therapy ( p Conclusions GH is safe and effective in treating growth failure in children after cardiac transplantation. GH therapy is associated with an increase in LV mass, volume and cardiac output. These changes are partially reversible after discontinuation of GH. The mechanisms and long-term consequences of these changes require further investigation.
151. Young Adult Men on Health Care: “I'm Healthy Enough, Where I Don't Need to Go See a Doctor All the Time”

Purpose: Young adult men are an underserved population in health care, even when they have access to health insurance. This study qualitatively explored young adult men’s use of the health care system, including perceived facilitators and barriers to health care. Methods: Snowball samplingwas used to recruit 7 young adultmen aged, 19-24 (M 22.5), from an urban, low-income community. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted to assess factors affecting their usage of the health care system, including questions about access to health insurance, reasons, facilitators, and barriers to using health care. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically coded using thematic analysis by two investigators with high inter-rater reliability. Results: All young men had access to health insurance. Two were uninsured because they were unwilling to pay for insurance; one participant stated “well, do I want it or do I really want to get more beer?” Participants perceived themselves to be healthy and not in need of preventative care. Even when participants were sick or injured most did not seek medical care. One participant said “I feel my body should be strong enough that it’ll get over it.” When asked to describe their most recent visit to the doctor, all young men described urgent, unfixable issues (sprained ankle, severe poison ivy, spider bite), prompting an emergency room visit. Only one male reported attending a preventative care medical visit in the last year. When faced with health issues, many mentioned “waiting [the ailment] out.” For example, one participant said “I feel if I can just deal with the pain, I can just make it through the day.” Time was the primary barrier to accessing health care. One young man stated “I’m always waiting in the waiting room forever. . .it’s terrible.” Lack of visit efficiency, described by a participant as “getting to the point and getting everything done” was also a concern. Accessibility was another barrier; as a participant said, “I just don’t like going out of my way to make an appointment.” Participants also mentioned feeling rushed as a barrier, with one young man saying “He really doesn’t have a lot of time to spend on his patients, I go in and he’s very quick with me.” Having a strong interpersonal connection with a medical providerwas seen as a facilitator, with one participant valuing “a real positive energy, show me that you actually care, that I’m there.” A relatable, transparent provider (being “straight forward andnot complicated”) and a friendly environment (“a sense of community when you go there”) were also important facilitators. Conclusions: Young men in this study often did not access health care for preventative or urgent care issues despite access to health insurance. Several factors related to the individual, provider, clinic, and time were identified as facilitating or impeding their seeking health care. Sources of Support: N/A.
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS AS DESULFURIZATION MEDIA

Activated carbon-based materials have proven to work efficiently as adsorbents of sulfur containing species such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, methyl mercaptans from gas phase. This is owing to their surface feature such as functional groups, ash constituents, and high volume of small pores. In the pore system, sulfur containing species are oxidized to either elemental sulfur, sulfur dioxide or dimethyldisulfide depending on the chemistry of the species to be removed. Oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups and catalytic metals such as iron or calcium are involved in this process. Presence of water film ensures sufficient conditions for dissociation providing that the local pH of the surface is greater than pKa of the adsorbate. In this brief review the emphasis is placed on the role of activated carbons surfaces, either unmodified or modified in the processes of adsorption and catalytic oxidation of sulfur containing pollutants.
The influence of message framing and issue involvement.

Studies examining message framing effects on persuasion have produced mixed results. Some studies show positively framed messages, which specify attributes or benefits gained by using a product, to...
Analysis on Hygiene Surveillance Results of Public Articles and Tableware on Ship in Yantai City

[Objective]To understand the sanitary condition of public articles and tableware on ship in Yantai city,ensure the life and food safety of crew and passengers.[Methods]According to the national health standard and testing methods,the sanitary condition of public articles and tableware on ship were tested and evaluated in Yantai city from 2003 to 2006.[Results]1701 of 1777 public articles samples were eligible during 2003—2006,the total eligible rate was 95.72%,there were significant differences in eligible rate among different years(P0.05),and the differences in eligible rate among different types of public articles were significant(P0.05).The hygiene condition of sheet in winter was better than that in summer(P0.05),and the hygiene condition of woolen blanket in summer was better than that in winter(P0.05).1225 of 1614 tableware samples were eligible,the total eligible rate was 75.90%,there were significant differences in eligible rate among different years(P0.05),and the differences in eligible rate among different types of tableware were significant(P0.05).[Conclusion]The hygiene condition of public articles was better than that of tableware obviously.The hygiene condition of public articles and tableware on ship in Yantai city has been improving year by year.
Design of military airport warehouse environment monitoring system based on WSNs

To monitor environmental parameters of military airport rear warehouse in real time is key point to ensure normal storage of weapons and equipment,and to prevent accidents. Aiming at shortcomings of warehouse environment monitoring system existed in military airport at present,Wi Fi wireless sensor networks( WSNs) is applied to warehouse environment monitoring system,and is merged into existing video surveillance local area network( LAN),which solves problems of traditional monitoring system in networking and high cost. Sensor nodes of system acquire environmental parameters,and transmit to server of monitoring center through Wi Fi module and LAN,software in server uses B / S structure to analyze,process,store and display data. Experimental result shows that the monitoring system has feature of high precision,high efficiency,stable network communication,which is able to meet the design requirement.
1.122 – Structural Biomedical Polymers (Nondegradable)

This work provides a historic overview of the use of nondegradable polymers as load-bearing implants and medical devices over the past 80 years. Early challenges and failures are described. The evolution of polymer selection for applications in vascular grafts, balloon catheters, orthopedic bearings, suture anchors, bone cement, sutures, and soft-tissue reconstruction is presented. Several polymer classes used in medical implants are highlighted and include polyethylene (ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, and low-density polyethylene); polypropylene; polymethylmethacrylate; polyester; nylon; silicone; fluoropolymers (expanded forms); and polyetheretherketone. The physical requirements of polymers in various structural applications are presented. Finally, the key factors for designing structural implants with polymers are presented.
Waveform reconstruction for recurrent non-uniform discrete-time sampling scheme: Discussion of its instability

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the instability in waveform reconstruction from non-uniformly sampled signals generated by recurrent non-uniform discrete-time sampling scheme. From the applied equation, the matrix of conversion, [A], associates the uniformly sampled signals to non-uniformly sampled ones, and plays a key role in the reconstruction. To recover the uniformly sampled signals, we need to compute the inversion of [A], [A]−1. Although [A]−1 is known to be numerically unstable in some occasions, the fundamental reason and premise for this instability have not been discussed. Thus, by obtaining the closed form of det[A], this paper shows that the root cause of the instability of [A]−1 is related to the singularity of [A], which has det[A] = 0 resulting from specific patterns of timing offsets in the recurrent nonuniform discrete-time sampling scheme. Numerical results confirm the analysis.
Biorenewable Epoxy Resins Derived from Plant-Based Phenolic Acids

Plant-derived phenolic acids are attractive substitutes for petroleum sources for the derivation of polymers, due to their rigid aromatic rings and chemical groups amenable to functionalization. Difunctional phenolic acids were investigated as replacements for the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) in anhydride-cured epoxy resins. Functionalization of each phenolic acid was carried out through allylation, followed by epoxidation. Epoxy resins were synthesized through reaction of either epoxidized salicylic acid (ESA) or epoxidized 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (E4HBA) with the curing agent methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) (catalyzed by 1-methyl-imidazole, 1-MI). The MHHPA anhydride curing agent (catalyzed by 1-MI) was chosen due to the resulting high conversion and advantageous high polymer glass transition temperature. ESA and E4HBA had similar curing behavior to that of DGEBA when cured with MHHPA. A two-step protocol was developed to avoid monomer evaporation and polymer vitrification during curi...
Baseline Predictors of Poor Outcome in Patients Too Good to Treat With Intravenous Thrombolysis.

Background and Purpose— Several studies have reported poor outcomes in patients too good to treat with intravenous thrombolysis because of mild or rapidly improving symptoms. We sought to determine baseline clinical and imaging predictors of poor outcome in these patients. Methods— Among 3950 consecutive stroke admissions (2009–2015) in our local Get With the Guidelines–Stroke database, 632 patients presented ≤4.5 hours and did not receive tissue-type plasminogen activator, with 380 of 632 (60.1%) being too good to treat. Univariate and multivariable analyses explored the clinical and imaging features associated with poor outcome (defined as not being discharged to home) in these 380 cases. Results— Among these 380 cases, only 68% were discharged home; the other 25% to inpatient rehabilitation, 4% to a skilled nursing facility, and 3% expired or were discharged to hospice. Patients with poor outcome were older, were more often Hispanic, had more vascular risk factors, and had higher median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Imaging characteristics associated with poor outcomes included large or multifocal infarction and poor collaterals. In multivariable analysis, only age, initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and infarct location were independently associated with poor outcome. Conclusions— Approximately one third of patients deemed too good for intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator are unable to be discharged directly to home. Given the current safety profile of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator, our results suggest that the concept of being too good to treat should be re-examined with an emphasis on the features associated with poor outcome identified in our study. If replicated, these findings could be incorporated into tissue-type plasminogen activator decision-making algorithms.
Automatic planning on hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy

Mounting evidence suggests that radiation-induced damage to the hippocampus plays a role in neurocognitive decline for patients receiving whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy (HA-WBRT) has been proposed to reduce the putative neurocognitive deficits by limiting the dose to the hippocampus. However, urgency of palliation for patients as well as the complexities of the treatment planning may be barriers to protocol enrollment to accumulate further clinical evidence. This warrants expedited quality planning of HA-WBRT. Pinnacle3 Automatic treatment planning was designed to increase planning efficiency while maintaining or improving plan quality and consistency. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the performance of the Pinnacle3 Auto-Planning on HA-WBRT treatment planning. Ten patients previously treated for brain metastases were selected. Hippocampal volumes were contoured on T1 magnetic resonance (MR) images, and planning target volumes (PTVs) were generated based on RTOG0933. The following 2 types of plans were generated by Pinnacle3 Auto-Planning: the one with 2 coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) arcs and the other with 9-field noncoplanar intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). D2% and D98% of PTV were used to calculate homogeneity index (HI). HI and Paddick Conformity index (CI) of PTV as well as D100% and Dmax of the hippocampus were used to evaluate the plan quality. All the auto-plans met the dose coverage and constraint objectives based on RTOG0933. The auto-plans eliminated the necessity of generating pseudostructures by the planners, and it required little manual intervention which expedited the planning process. IMRT quality assurance (QA) results also suggest that all the auto-plans are practically acceptable on delivery. Pinnacle3 Auto-Planning generates acceptable plans by RTOG0933 criteria without time-consuming planning process. The expedited quality planning achieved by Auto-Planning (AP) may facilitate protocol enrollment of patients to further investigate the hippocampal-sparing effect and be used to ensure timely start of palliative treatment in future clinical practice.
Gender, right-wing populism, and immigrant integration policies in France, 1989–2012

AbstractImmigrant integration has been on the political agenda in France since at least the late 1980s, yet starting in the early 2000s this issue became bound up with concerns about the oppression of minority women. This article examines the evolution of the issue over two decades, pinpointing when and why debates over integration took on a gendered cast. The article’s explanation centres on two factors – the growing threat of the Front National coupled with the legitimation of gender-based claims in French politics. These claims were embraced by conservative politicians seeking to adopt a harder line toward immigration and led to the refashioning of core Republican concepts such as egalite and laicite as being about gender equality. The use of similar themes by the Front National as it has sought to move in from the political fringe reveals how gendered claims can be deployed in an effort to keep anti-immigrant policies within the boundaries of liberal values.
A Logical Framework of Sensor/Data Fusion

A sensor/data fusion system must integrate reasoning about both quantitative information (raw sensory inputs) and symbolic information (theories about the world perceived through sensors). In this paper we outline a logical framework for sensor/data fusion. In order to be classified as “fusion”, the system must include at least two theories about the world and two data structures for storing and manipulating the data (in logical terms these are called models). We first introduce some formal requirements for fusion to be a logically sound process. Then we show that fusion can be designed either as a monotonic or a nonmonotonic process. We then use an example to illustrate our points. We believe that understanding of general principles of sensor/data fusion is necessary for designing fusion systems. This issue becomes even more important when these design decisions are shifted to the area of responsibility of an intelligent controller.
The Counseling Experiences of Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Clients

The counseling experiences of 13 transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals were examined via semistructured, in-depth interviews. Using multiple standards of trustworthiness (e.g., member checking, negative case analysis), the authors analyzed each interview from an interpretative phenomenological analytic framework. Four main themes were identified: mental health professional selection process, transaffirmative approach, transnegative approach, and support systems beyond counseling. Implications for implementing culturally responsive TGNC affirmative counseling, TGNC sensitive counselor training, and social justice–oriented research are discussed.
Speculative Fiction and the Political Economy of Healthcare: Chang-Rae Lee’s On Such a Full Sea

Chang-Rae Lee's 2014 novel On Such a Full Sea uses the genre of speculative fiction to reflect on longstanding healthcare debates in the United States that have recently crystalized around the Affordable Care Act. The novel imagines the political economy of healthcare in a future America devastated by environmental illness. What kind of care is available and to whom? Who provides it? Who pays for it? What about distribution and access? The different healthcare systems governing each of three geo-social zones in Lee's future society represent exaggerated versions of the scenarios participants in the ACA debate claim their opponents' health policies would produce. The essay argues that Lee's novel ultimately favors a version of universal government-funded care over a system based on supposed free-market principles, even as the novel also tries to make room for conservative Americans' fears about the specter of so-called "socialized medicine." More broadly, the essay contends that the health humanities should devote more attention to literary and artistic engagements with healthcare as a system: a complex set of financial models, public and private institutions, government policies, and actors whose roles range well beyond patient and care provider.
Discovery of Thermostable Enzymes from Hot Environmental Samples by Metagenomic Approaches

Besides continuous progress in molecular biological techniques, metagenomic approach has become one of the routine experiments to examine the microbial diversity, ecology, and enzymes. This approach basically does not require the cultivation of microbes, which has a strong bias to a population of microbes and allows to have a glimpse of uncultured microbes and to find novel biomolecules. In the last 15 years, nearly 20 papers describing properties of thermostable enzymes discovered from hot environments by metagenomic strategies have been published. Most of them attempted to find and analyze hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulases, amylase, xylanase, esterase, lipase, and others because such enzymes are relatively easy to detect their activities in the function-based screening procedure. On the other hand, sequencing-based approach does not rely on the activity measurement and aids in discovering novel thermostable enzymes employing recently improved DNA sequencing technology and cloning vectors. The spectacular progress made in molecular biological techniques facilitates comprehensive metagenomic analysis for discovering novel biomolecules from the major fraction of the uncultured microbes in nature.
Macroeconomics: Skills, Diversification, Economic Structure and Growth

Favourable macroeconomic conditions and political stability together with improved levels of education have all helped to contribute towards solid economic growth in Ghana over the period 2000–2008 at an annual average rate of 5.3 %, beyond any historical highs based on World Development data. This chapter sheds light on the inter-locking relationships between education, skills development, economic structure, diversification and growth in Ghana. It begins by analysing cross-country data to assess economic growth’s linkages with educational spending and attainment.
'The Government Spies Using Our Webcams': The Language of Conspiracy Theories in Online Discussions

Conspiracy theories are omnipresent in online discussions---whether to explain a late-breaking event that still lacks official report or to give voice to political dissent. Conspiracy theories evolve, multiply, and interconnect, further complicating efforts to understand them and to limit their propagation. It is therefore crucial to develop scalable methods to examine the nature of conspiratorial discussions in online communities. What do users talk about when they discuss conspiracy theories online? What are the recurring elements in their discussions? What do these elements tell us about the way users think? This work answers these questions by analyzing over ten years of discussions in r/conspiracy---an online community on Reddit dedicated to conspiratorial discussions. We focus on the key elements of a conspiracy theory: the conspiratorial agents, the actions they perform, and their targets. By computationally detecting agent?action?target triplets in conspiratorial statements, and grouping them into semantically coherent clusters, we develop a notion of narrative-motif to detect recurring patterns of triplets. For example, a narrative-motif such as "governmental agency-controls-communications" represents the various ways in which multiple conspiratorial statements denote how governmental agencies control information. Thus, narrative-motifs expose commonalities between multiple conspiracy theories even when they refer to different events or circumstances. In the process, these representations help us understand how users talk about conspiracy theories and offer us a means to interpret what they talk about. Our approach enables a population-scale study of conspiracy theories in alternative news and social media with implications for understanding their adoption and combating their spread.
Compositional Models for Complex Systems

Abstract In this chapter, we argue for the use of representations from category theory to support better models for complex systems, and provide an example of what such an application might look like. Our approach rests on the well-known observation that complex system design is a fundamentally recursive discipline, which is formalized in computer science using structures called algebras, coalgebras, and operads, mathematical structures that are intimately linked to labeled tree representations. We then develop two small examples to demonstrate the utility of this approach. The first defines a logical semantics of contracts to organize requirements at different scales in hierarchical systems. The second concerns the integration of artificial intelligence models into a preexisting human-driven process.