cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictors of the Use of Physical Therapy Services Among Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background Although physical therapy is a proven and recommended intervention for managing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), few studies have explored correlates of physical therapy service use among people with RA. Objective The purposes of this study were: (1) to describe physical therapy use among people with RA and (2) to identify biopsychosocial factors associated with physical therapy use. It was expected that use of physical therapy services would be lower than previously reported, considering recent medical advancements, and that including contextual factors may lead to identification of new factors associated with physical therapy use. Design This was a cohort study. Methods Of 1,032 patients prospectively recruited from a large hospital registry, 772 completed baseline and laboratory assessments, received a physical examination, and completed a 1-year follow-up survey regarding physical therapy service use. Measures included: demographics (ie, age, sex, marital status, race, employment, disability status, insurance, income, comorbidities, and education), disease duration, RA medications, self-efficacy (assessed with the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale), social support (assessed with the Berkman-Syme Social Network Index), function (assessed with the Multi-Dimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire), and disease activity (assessed with the Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Index). Self-reported use of physical therapy (yes/no) was assessed at the 1-year follow-up. A staged regression approach, based on a theoretical model, was used to select and enter variables into the regression to develop a parsimonious set of predictors. Results The patients were well educated and had modestly high incomes, and most had health insurance. Approximately 15.3% of the patients used physical therapy services during the designated follow-up period. Using multivariable modeling, the most significant predictors of physical therapy service use were moderate to high disease activity (odds ratio [OR]=1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.1–1.8), less than a college education (OR=0.5, 95% CI=0.2–0.8), greater social networks (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.3–3.5), and being on disability (OR=2.4, 95% CI=1.3–4.6). Limitations The limitations of this study were use of a convenience sample and the potential for misclassification of physical therapy service use. Conclusions Patients with less than college education were less likely to receive physical therapy services, and those with more active disease, those who were on disability, and those who had greater social networks were more likely to receive physical therapy services.
Marriage Systems and Algebraic Group Theory: A Critique of White's An Anatomy of Kinship1

Algebraic models that deal with kinship and marriage systems by reducing a population to sets of persons are found to be inappropriate both for the Purum and for some levels of abstraction in certain Australian cases. In the latter cases the distinctions within sections are based on relative age rather than genealogical generation, so that the partitioning of the population according to kin categories may be unique for each individual rather than universal to the system. The Purum must be dealt with as an asymmetrical alliance system in which the marriage rules are proscriptive rather than prescriptive in nature. An alternative algebraic model based on set theory is proposed for such systems.
Accreditation: quality assurance for education [Personal and Professional Growth]

Program accreditation is a quality assurance mechanism that serves a wide range of constituencies. Its overall purpose, however, is to serve the profession and society. By establishing standards for the educational system, it helps to assure that graduates of that system will have the knowledge required to successfully practice the profession and to be of service to society. Engineering and its related disciplines have developed efficient and effective accreditation systems in many countries and have established relationships among those countries to facilitate international cooperation. The accreditation process has changed significantly in the past few years and continues to evolve. The growing emphasis on program improvement and not just on meeting minimum standards is a positive development that will help to assure the continuing success of the profession.
The Navy of Edward VI and Mary I

The Navy of Edward VI and Mary I by C. S. Knighton and David Loades (eds) Ashgate for the Navy Records Society, Farnham, 2011, £75 (hb) 644 pages, with maps, bibliography, appendice ISBN 978-1-4094...
PRIMARY REACTIONS IN BACTERIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS—I. THE NATURE OF LIGHT‐INDUCED ABSORBANCY CHANGES IN CHROMATOPHORES; EVIDENCE FOR A SPECIAL BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL COMPONENT

Summary Light-induced optical changes have been examined in chromatophores of Rhodopseudonionas spheroides (wild type and blue-green mutants), Rhodospirillum rubrum and Chromatium. The bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) types absorbing at 850 and 870–890 mp in these chromatophores could be separated by exposure to deoxycholate, followed by differential centrifugation. By the use of this treatment and the choice of various phenotypes preparations were obtained showing great variety in the relative heights of the BChl absorption maxima at 800, 850 and 870–890 mµ. The light-induced changes included a bleaching of the long-wave (870–890 mk) band and blue shifts of the BChl absorption bands at 375, 590 and 800 mp. In addition, new absorption bands appeared at 420–450, 980, 1140 and 1250 mp. All these effects except the blue shift at 590 mp (and perhaps also at 375 mp) were duplicated by mild oxidation (470 mV). The interpretation is made that the loss of a ground-state electron in BChl eliminates one optical transition (bleaching at 870–890 mp) and perturbs the energy levels of other transitions (blue shifts). The spectrum of changes induced by light or mild oxidation remains constant while the absorption spectrum varies widely from one preparation to another; it is concluded that the changes reflect alteration of a special BChl component (BChl,) comprising 2–5 per cent of the total BChl. This conclusion is reinforced by the finding, to be reported in the third paper of this series(8), that the reaction of BChl, is related kinetically to the light-induced oxidation of a cytochrome. It is proposed that BChl, may act as an energy sink and an agent for stabilizing excitation energy in the form of separated charge.
Relative abundance and species richness of cerambycid beetles in partial cut and uncut bottomland hardwood forests

Partial cutting techniques are increasingly advocated and used to create habitat for priority wildlife. However, partial cutting may or may not benefit species dependent on deadwood; harvesting can...
False memories of childhood experiences.

We conducted two experiments to investigate if college students would create false memories of childhood experiences in response to misleading information and repeated interviews. In both experiments we contacted parents to obtain information about events that happened to the students during childhood. In a series of interviews we asked the students to recall the parent-reported events and one experimenter-created false event. In the second experiment we varied the age at which we claimed the false event occurred. In both experiments we found that some individuals created false memories in these circumstances and in the second experiment we found no effect of age of attempted incorporation. In the second experiment we also found that those who discussed related background knowledge during the early interviews were more likely to create a false recall. Generalizations to therapy contexts are discussed.
Electrically small folded ellipsoidal helix antenna for medical implant applications

The design and fabrication of electrically small folded ellipsoidal helix antennas is presented for medical implant applications. With ellipsoidal aspect ratio as an additional variable, such antennas have improved radiation resistance tunability over spherical helix antennas while still providing high bandwidth (low Q) and radiation efficiency with small values of ka. A novel 3-D antenna fabrication procedure based on selective laser sintering (SLS) is utilized to rapidly tape-out the ellipsoidal helix antennas on medical implant packages.
Promoting research in rock deformation

In response to informal discussions at the 1988 AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md., a dinner colloquium was held December 5, 1988, in San Francisco. Our purpose was to explore ways of promoting basic research in rock deformation, for which no professional organization exists that spans the full range of research interests. In spite of an informal distribution of announcements of the meeting, 54 people attended. Rock deformation is the materials science of the crystalline and amorphous materials that make up the solid Earth. As such, it includes not only the physical processes responsible for brittle and ductile deformation but also the important chemical processes that influence time-dependent inelastic deformation. Consequently, there is a continuing need to engage interest and collaboration from materials scientists, mineral physicists, metallurgists, surface chemists, and geochemists in the study of the inelastic mechanical behavior of these complex materials.
A 130-nm RHBD SRAM With High Speed SET and Area Efficient TID Mitigation

A radiation hardened by design 5 kB static random access memory appropriate for embedded system on a chip integrated circuits is presented. High speed dual redundant control logic suppresses single event transients, allowing 500 MHz operation. Dynamic supply modulation, reverse body bias, and array supply collapse are investigated, in place of annular layout, to suppress leakage current increases due to total ionizing dose effects. These approaches allow the use of two-edge NMOS transistor layout resulting in increased packing density. The design has been fabricated using a 130-nm bulk CMOS process; the parts were then tested and found to be functional. Experimental results from TID testing using a Co-60 gamma radiation source as well as heavy ion testing results are presented.
Optimization of spoiled gradient‐echo phase imaging for in vivo localization of a focused ultrasound beam

The parameters of a spoiled gradient-echo (SPGR) pulse sequence have been optimized for in vivo localization of a focused ultrasound beam. Temperature elevation was measured by using the proton resonance frequency shift technique, and the phase difference signal-to-noise ratio (SNR delta phi) was estimated in skeletal muscle and kidney cortex in 10 rabbits. Optimized parameters included the echo time equivalent to T2* of the tissue, the longest repetition time possible with a 20-s sonication, and the flip angle equivalent to the Ernst angle. Optimal SPGR phase imaging can detect a sonication beam with a peak phase difference of 0.55 radian, which corresponds to a temperature elevation of 7.3 degrees C. The sonication beam can be localized within one voxel (0.6 x 0.6 x 5 mm3) at power levels that are below the threshold for thermal damage of the tissue.
Managed care: Strengthening the consumer voice in managed care: VII. The Georgia peer specialist program.

The Surgeon General’s landmark 1999 Mental Health Report gives consumers and their families a prominent place in the mental health system as advocates, participants in overseeing policy, and providers of services (1). Managed care programs, when adequately funded and wisely managed, can, should, and sometimes do promote all three objectives (2). The rationale for a more consumercentric approach to managed care derives from a clinical prediction that services provided in this manner will lead to improved outcomes (3) and a view of democratic process that calls for robust citizen involvement beyond that provided by representative government alone (4). The state of Georgia has pioneered a certified peer specialist program that combines consumer-provided services, consumer advocacy, and consumer influence on policy in a highly innovative manner. In this column, the seventh in a series on strengthening the consumer voice in managed care (5–10), we present lessons about enhancing the consumer role derived from Georgia’s unique program. Although Georgia’s program is currently one of a kind, the values and strategy that inform the program could have wide application. Since 1999, the Georgia Division of Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities, and Addictive Diseases has placed a strong emphasis on recoveryoriented programming and peer support in its approach to providing services for clients who have serious and persistent mental illness (11). Publicsector officials and consumer leaders concluded that in order to achieve stable funding for peer-support services, the services would have to be developed in a way that made them eligible for Medicaid funding under Medicaid’s psychiatric rehabilitation option (12). Accomplishing this objective required melding two cultures: the consumer recovery movement—with its informality, vision, and energy—and Medicaid, with its complex bureaucratic requirements. The certified peer specialist role is
Alcohol Consumption Decreases IL-2–Induced NF-κB Activity in Enriched NK Cells from C57BL/6 Mice

Previously we showed that ethanol (EtOH) consumption suppressed IL-2-induced cytolytic activity of murine splenic natural killer (NK) cells. Although IL-2 receptor signaling is involved in activation of NK cells, neither the mechanism for this activation nor the role of EtOH consumption in modulating activation is completely understood. In this study we show by electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSA) that enriched splenic NK cells from EtOH-consuming C57BL/6 mice exhibit reduced NF-kappaB and AP-1 binding activity in response to IL-2 stimulation as compared to the water-drinking mice. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and real-time PCR analyses indicated that EtOH consumption inhibits the induction of perforin, granzyme A, and granzyme B in response to IL-2. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) blocked NFkappaB and AP-1 binding activity in nuclear extracts of IL-2-stimulated NK cells in an EMSA and also inhibited the IL-2-induced expression of perforin, granzyme A, and granzyme B gene expression in enriched NK cells. These inhibitors dramatically suppressed IL-2-stimulated NK cytolytic activity against YAC-1 lymphoma target cells. Taken together, these results suggest that NFkappaB and AP-1 are important regulators of NK cell cytolytic function through regulation of perforin, granzyme A, and granzyme B gene expression. The findings further suggest that the decreased cytolytic activity of IL-2-stimulated NK cytolytic activity in EtOH-consuming mice is due at least in part to impaired transactivation of these and possibly other genes involved in control of NK-cell target lysis.
Thromboxane and Prostaglandin Synthesis in Human Peritoneal Eosinophils

CAPD patients occasionally exhibit peritoneal eosinophilia. Using the technique developed for routine harvesting of macrophages from waste dialysate, we harvested, isolated and purified large numbers of eosinophils over periods of several weeks in two patients on seven occasions. The number of eosinophils obtained from each bag varied from 40 to 2880 million, whereas the number of macrophages was <1 × 106. The eosinophils were incubated in duplicate in RPMI-1640 (5 × 106 cells/ml) for 1 hour at 37° C. Selected cyclooxygenase products, namely thromboxane A2 (TXA2), prostacyclin (PGI2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined by RIA by measuring the stable metabolites thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F,1 α (6-keto-PGF,1 α ) of TXA2 and PGI2, respectively, as well as PGE2. The release of these products was stimulated with a calcium ionophore A23178 (5, 50, and 500 ng/ml), and zymozan (40 µg/ml) and inhibited by indomethacin (2 µg/ml). The major cyclooxygenase product measured was TXB2: 1.56 ± 0.04 ng/ml. Only a small amount of 6-keto-PGF1 α was found (0.50 ± 0.01 ng/ml). Release was increased by A23187 and zymozan, with TXA2 being the major metabolite. Indomethacin suppressed the release of all products to nearly non-detectable levels.
Spin-Down in a Rotating Stratified Fluid: Part I†

Stress driven flow of a stratified rotating fluid is studied in the context of a linearized Boussinesq cylindrical model, with particular interest in the long term quasi-steady state. The importance of the non-linear terms is estimated by considering a numerical model for the full non-linear equations.
Optimizing and Interpreting Insular Functional Connectivity Maps Obtained During Acute Experimental Pain: The Effects of Global Signal and Task Paradigm Regression.

Abstract The insula is uniquely located between the temporal and parietal cortices, making it anatomically well-positioned to act as an integrating center between the sensory and affective domains for the processing of painful stimulation. This can be studied through resting-state functional connectivity (fcMRI) imaging; however, the lack of a clear methodology for the analysis of fcMRI complicates the interpretation of these data during acute pain. Detected connectivity changes may reflect actual alterations in low-frequency synchronous neuronal activity related to pain, may be due to changes in global cerebral blood flow or the superimposed task-induced neuronal activity. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the effects of global signal regression (GSR) and task paradigm regression (TPR) on the changes in functional connectivity of the left (contralateral) insula in healthy subjects at rest and during acute painful electric nerve stimulation of the right hand. The use of GSR reduced the siz...
2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine activity in patients with untreated, indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Based on the encouraging results of the use of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine ([2-CdA], cladribine) in patients with advanced, low-grade lymphomas resistant to conventional therapy and the acceptable toxicity profile encountered, we conducted a phase II trial of 2-CdA in patients with untreated indolent lymphomas. Twenty-eight patients with untreated low-grade lymphomas were given 2-CdA at 0.1 mg/kg/d as a 7-day continuous infusion every 28 to 35 days. A total of 89 courses, median of three courses per patient, of 2-CdA were administered. Seventeen men and 11 women with a median age of 58 years were treated. Fifteen patients had diffuse small lymphocytic (8 with plasmacytoid features), 10 had follicular small cleaved-cell, and there were single patients with monocytoid B-cell, mantle cell and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma histologies. All 28 patients were evaluable for toxicity and 26 were evaluable for response. Nine (35%) patients (4 with diffuse small lymphocytic, 3 with follicular small cleaved-cell, 1 with mantle cell, and 1 with MALT lymphoma) achieved a complete response, and 14 (54%) patients (8 with diffuse small lymphocytic, 5 with follicular small cleaved-cell, and 1 with monocytoid B-cell lymphoma) achieved a partial response, for an overall response rate of 88%. The median response duration was 10 months (range, 3 to 44+). Myelosuppression was the principal toxicity. Actuarial survival at 60 months from initial diagnosis was 60% (95% confidence interval, 35% to 82%) and at 48 months from treatment onset was 62% (95% confidence interval, 39% to 83%). These results establish the major activity of 2-CdA in patients with untreated indolent lymphoma, especially those with the diffuse small lymphocytic subtype.
Inequalising Trade?: A Study of Traditional North/South Specialisation in the Context of Terms of Trade Concepts

This book examines the dissatisfaction of the poor countries of the `South' with the role they have been assigned as exporters of primary commodities in return for imports of manufactures from the rich countries of the `North'.
Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. X. New Species and Type Studies in Ramariopsis, With a Key to Species in North America

(1969). Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. X. New Species and Type Studies in Ramariopsis, With a Key to Species in North America. Mycologia: Vol. 61, No. 3, pp. 549-559.
Packet Transport Network OAM Technology

To meet the requirement of connection-oriented carrier class traffic transport,carrier class OAM and protection,awareness of service,it is necessary to use connection-oriented packet based transport technology.Packet Transport Network(PTN) technology includes the Transport Multi-Protocol Label Switching(T-MPLS) and Provider Backbone Transmission(PBT).T-MPLS is the simplification and reformation of MPLS without the no-connection features and the transfer that has nothing to do with the handling and the network model of transport layer;and protection of switching and the OAM functions are added.PBT technology focuses on the OAM and protection,Time Division Multiplexing(TDM) business simulation and clock functions,and multi-service supporting capabilities,while the address study,address broadcasting and Spanning Tree Protocol(STP) of the traditional Ethernet are deleted.T-MPLS and PBT are well positioned to meet the needs of packet transport.Compared to the PBT,T-MPLS has better OAM functions.
Epidemiological situation and nuclear acid detection of dengue virus by realtime PCR in Guangzhou,2012

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characters of dengue virus in Guangzhou in 2012. Methods Epidemiological data and serum samples were collected. The serotypes dengue virus were detected by real- time PCR. Results The accumulative incidence dengue fever in 2012 was higher than that of 2011.The number of dengue fever cases reached the peak during September and October. The Southeast Asia countries are the main sources for importing dengue fever cases,especially Malaysia and Cambodia. Most of the cases occurred in the old urban districts and Yuexiu District ranked the first in number of dengue fever cases. All 4 dengue fever serotypes were detected and dengue fever serotype 4 predominated. Conclusions There is a high risk of outbreak of dengue fever in Guangzhou and effective control and preventive measures is indicated.
Determination of the content of RDX in workplace air by gas chromatography

Objective To establish a rapid and accurate determination method of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine( RDX) in the air of workplace. Methods With the acetone elution,the ulteasound extraction method,to pre- treat glass fiber filter paper samples,using gas chromatography- electron capture detector for sample determination. While doing precision and recovery test.Results The RDX had good linearity within 0. 2 μg / ml ~ 10 μg / ml,the correlation coefficient was greater than 0. 9990,and RSD was between 0. 87% and 6. 78%( n = 6). This method used a standard substance( Accu Standard: M- 8330- 05) for the conduction of a method validation,the measured results were in the standard reference value within the allowable range. Conclusion The method is simple,sensitive and accurate,which is suitable for the detection of RDX in workplace air.
CDC data systems collecting behavioral data on HIV counseling and testing.

Abstract This paper describes two systems, the HIV Counseling and Testing Data System and the National Health Interview Survey, AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes Supplement, that collect behavioral information on HIV counseling and testing in the United States. Together these data sources provide valuable information for planning and evaluating counseling and testing programs. While these two systems are not designed primarily for behavioral research, they both collect behavioral data, including the behavioral risk category of persons being tested.
Mechanisms of transit of lipid mediators of inflammation and bacterial peptides across intestinal epithelia

The transit of two lipid mediators of inflammation, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and a formylated peptide produced by intestinal bacteria, N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP), across Caco-2 cell monolayers was characterized and compared with the transit of mannitol, a hexose known to cross epithelial monolayers by paracellular pathways. The permeability of less mature low-resistance ( PGE2 > mannitol > FMLP. The transit of all four test compounds across Caco-2 cell monolayers was bidirectional, nonsaturable, and energy independent. A small portion of the added LTB4 was incorporated into the cells, whereas the other three compounds were not. Thus the transit of PGE2, mannitol, ...
Development of hemosiderosis after side-to-side portacaval shunting.

Hemochromatosis following side-to-side portacaval anastomosis is rare, although well documented after end-to-side anastomosis or in unoperated patients with large portal-systemic collaterals. We report a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis and portal hypertension who had a side-to-side portacaval anastomosis in October, 1967, for repeated bleeding. Liver biopsy then revealed cirrhosis but no increased hepatic iron. At autopsy in June, 1970, extensive iron deposits were found throughout the liver and in many tissues, although not in marrow or spleen. Total hepatic iron was estimated to be 3.3 g. The etiology of hemosiderosis following portacaval shunting is unknown. It is probably due to increased iron absorption. This may be related to increased gastric acid secretion, or to a factor produced, or not inactivated, by the shunted liver.
The pregnancy “super-utilizer”: how does a high-risk depression screen affect medical utilization?

AbstractObjective: Our objective was to determine whether a score of >11 on the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) at the initial prenatal visit was associated with an increased use of acute medical visits when compared to pregnant women with an initial EPDS score of ≤11.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study comparing the utilization of acute medical care during pregnancy and the first eight weeks after delivery amongst 200 women with an EPDS score >11 at their initial prenatal visit compared with 200 women with an EPDS score ≤11. “Super-utilization” was defined as ≥4 acute or unscheduled medical visits during pregnancy and the first eight weeks after delivery (90th percentile). Logistic regression was used to control for confounders.Results: Women with an initial EPDS score >11 were significantly more likely to engage in super-utilization of acute medical care compared with those women scoring ≤11 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53–3.90).Conclusions: P...
AFP Goes Audio: Introducing the American Family Physician Podcast

Podcasts are an increasingly important way to disseminate information to the medical community. We hope that many readers of AFP, the number one journal in primary care, will also become listeners.
Critical Role of IL-22/IL22-RA1 Signaling in Pneumococcal Pneumonia

IL-22-IL-22R signaling plays a crucial role in regulating host defenses against extracellular pathogens, particularly in the intestine, through the induction of antimicrobial peptides and chemotactic genes. However, the role of IL-22-IL-22R is understudied in Streptococcus pneumoniae lung infection, a prevalent pathogen of pneumonia. This paper presents the findings of IL-22 signaling during a murine model of pneumococcal pneumonia and improvement of bacterial burden upon IL-22 administration. IL-22 was rapidly induced in the lung during pneumococcal infection in wild-type mice, and Il22(-/-) mice had higher pneumococcal burdens compared with controls. Additionally, mice with hepatic-specific deletion of Il22ra1 also had higher bacterial burdens in lungs compared with littermate controls after intrapulmonary pneumococcal infection, suggesting that IL-22 signaling in the liver is important to control pneumococcal pneumonia. Thus, we hypothesized that enhancement of IL-22 signaling would control pneumococcal burden in lung tissues in an experimental pneumonia model. Administration of rIL-22 systemically to infected wild-type mice decreased bacterial burden in lung and liver at 24 h postinfection. Our in vitro studies also showed that mice treated with IL-22 had increased C3 expression in the liver compared with the isotype control group. Furthermore, serum from mice treated with IL-22 had improved opsonic capacity by increasing C3 binding on S. pneumoniae Taken together, endogenous IL-22 and hepatic IL-22R signaling play critical roles in controlling pneumococcal lung burden, and systemic IL-22 decreases bacterial burden in the lungs and peripheral organs by potentiating C3 opsonization on bacterial surfaces, through the increase of hepatic C3 expression.
Olfactory Stimuli Increase Presence During Simulated Exposure

Exposure therapy (EXP) is an extensively studied and supported treatment for anxiety and trauma-related disorders. EXP works by exposing the patient to the feared object or situation in the absence of danger in order to overcome the related anxiety. Various technologies including head-mounted displays (HMDs), scent machines, and headphones have been used to augment the exposure therapy process by presenting multi-sensory cues (e.g., sights, smells, sounds) to increase the patient’s sense of presence. Studies have shown that scents can elicit emotionally charged memories, but no prior research could be identified that examined the effect of olfactory stimuli upon the patient’s sense of presence during simulated exposure tasks. Methods: 60 adult participants navigated a mildly anxiety-producing virtual environment (VE) similar to those used in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Participants were screened for olfactory dysfunction and history of seizures. Participants completed questionnaires pertaining to their (a) tendency to immerse themselves in activities and (b) current health. Visual exploration and presence ratings were collected throughout the experiment. Results: Linear Mixed Modeling showed statistically significant relationships between olfactory stimuli and presence as assessed by both the In group Presence Questionnaire (IPQ: R2 =.85, (F(3,52) = 6.625, p =.0007) and a single item visual-analogue scale (R2 = .85, (F(3,52) = 5.382, p = .0027).
Political Unions and the Introduction of the Reform Bill: March-October 1831

In the spring of 1831, the Reform Bill was introduced into the House of Commons. This bill was regarded as a mere compromise between wrong and right, yet, willing to secure the least extension of the franchised and desirous to save our country from civil strife . . . the [Political] Unions in general, resolved to waive our convictions, and acceded to the bill.
The Neuroscience of Social Vision

Abstract Through mere visual cues, humans readily extract a variety of information about other people. In addition to bottom-up visual cues, our social perceptions are dynamically shaped by a number of top-down social factors, including stereotypes, person knowledge, motives, emotional states, and social context. In an effort to understand such biased visual perceptions of other people, social neuroscientists and researchers across the cognitive, neural, and vision sciences more broadly have come together to form an interdisciplinary “social vision” approach. In this chapter, we first outline such an approach and apply it to the functional neuroanatomy of our visually based social perception processes: identity recognition, social categorization, emotion recognition, and trait attribution. We then discuss several domains in which higher-order social factors flexibly constrain these lower-level perceptual processes. Finally, we describe current interdisciplinary perspectives on the underlying mechanisms of social vision, as well as its purpose and origin.
Chinese Dragon and Eagle of Anáhuac: The Local, National, and International Implications of the Ensenada Anti-Chinese Campaign of 1934

This article reexamines the anti-Chinese movement in Mexico through a discussion of a failed anti-Chinese campaign in Baja California. It argues that Chinese migrants organized in the face of Sinophobic aggression and that the national and international implications of anti-Chinese violence forced diplomats and government offcials to grapple with Chinese demands for equal treatment in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands.
The MTHFR C677T genotype and risk of adenoma recurrence: results from a randomized double blind clinical trial of folic acid supplementation

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 3711 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme in folate metabolism. The MTHFR C677T TT genotype has clear functional effects on enzyme function and has been associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer in multiple studies. However, the association between MTHFR genotype and the risk of colorectal adenoma, the precursor lesion to most colorectal cancers is not clear. In the current study we investigate the association between MTHFR genotype and risk of developing one or more adenomas or advanced adenomas in a large, randomized, double-blind, factorial design trial of folic acid and aspirin supplementation. Eligible subjects were enrolled between July 1994 and March 1998 and were between the ages of 21 and 80 years in good health and had a positive history of at least one histologically confirmed colorectal adenoma removed prior to enrollment. Follow-up colonoscopy was scheduled approximately three years after the qualifying exam. Advanced adenoma was defined as adenomas with >25% villous features, large size (> 1 cm diameter), severe dysplasia or invasive cancer. We used generalized linear regression analyses to estimate RRs and 95% CIs to assess the association between genotype and risk of adenoma while adjusting for age, sex, clinical center, follow-up time, and treatment status. The MTHFR 677 TT genotype was associated with a slight decrease in the risk of any follow-up adenoma compared to the wildtype CC genotype (RR 0.89 (95% CI 0.62 to 1.27)) and to any advanced adenoma (RR 0.72 (95% CI 0.34 to 1.53)), nor did genotype modify the effects of folate supplementation. Our data suggests that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism may be inversely associated with the development of advanced adenomas. Future investigations will be needed to clarify these findings.
Machiavellianism, Internal-External Control, and the Violation of Experimental Instructions

The violation of instructions in an experimental setting was investigated as a consequence of two personality constructs and a situational variable. A relationship between Machiavellianism and instruction-violation behavior was predicted in the context of Ss being informed that their performance was inferior to that of a partner (E’s confederate); however, this relationship was not expected in the context of Ss being informed that their performance was equal to that of a partner. The results confirmed this hypothesis. In addition a relationship between internal-external control and instruction-violation behavior was predicted when S s perceived themselves inferior to their partner but not under the equal performance condition. The results indicated that externals did engage in more deviance but regardless of situational context.
High-resolution extremity cone-beam CT with a CMOS detector: Task-based optimization of scintillator thickness.

Purpose: CMOS x-ray detectors offer small pixel sizes and low electronic noise that may support the development of novel high-resolution imaging applications of cone-beam CT (CBCT). We investigate the effects of CsI scintillator thickness on the performance of CMOS detectors in high resolution imaging tasks, in particular in quantitative imaging of bone microstructure in extremity CBCT. Methods: A scintillator thickness-dependent cascaded systems model of CMOS x-ray detectors was developed. Detectability in low-, high- and ultra-high resolution imaging tasks (Gaussian with FWHM of ~250 μm, ~80 𝜇m and ~40 μm, respectively) was studied as a function of scintillator thickness using the theoretical model. Experimental studies were performed on a CBCT test bench equipped with DALSA Xineos3030 CMOS detectors (99 μm pixels) with CsI scintillator thicknesses of 400 μm and 700 𝜇m, and a 0.3 FS compact rotating anode x-ray source. The evaluation involved a radiographic resolution gauge (0.6-5.0 lp/mm), a 127 μm tungsten wire for assessment of 3D resolution, a contrast phantom with tissue-mimicking inserts, and an excised fragment of human tibia for visual assessment of fine trabecular detail. Results: Experimental studies show ~35% improvement in the frequency of 50% MTF modulation when using the 400 μm scintillator compared to the standard nominal CsI thickness of 700 μm. Even though the high-frequency DQE of the two detectors is comparable, theoretical studies show a 14% to 28% increase in detectability index (d’2) of high- and ultra- high resolution tasks, respectively, for the detector with 400 μm CsI compared to 700 μm CsI. Experiments confirm the theoretical findings, showing improvements with the adoption of 400 μm panel in the visibility of the radiographic pattern (2x improvement in peak-to-through distance at 4.6 lp/mm) and a 12.5% decrease in the FWHM of the tungsten wire. Reconstructions of the tibial plateau reveal enhanced visibility of trabecular structures with the CMOS detector with 400 μm scinitllator. Conclusion: Applications on CMOS detectors in high resolution CBCT imaging of trabecular bone will benefit from using a thinner scintillator than the current standard in general radiography. The results support the translation of the CMOS sensor with 400 μm scinitllator.
Teamwork skill assessment: Development of a measure for academia

Popular teamwork assessments have been strongly criticized on the grounds of poor psychometric properties and their disconnect with conceptual models of teamwork. These issues raise concerns with r...
Generation, clearance, toxicity, and monitoring possibilities of unaccounted uremic toxins for improved dialysis prescriptions.

Current dialysis-dosing calculations provide an incomplete assessment of blood purification. They exclude clearances of protein-bound uremic toxins (PB-UTs), such as polyamines, p-cresol sulfate, a...
Guest Editorial Advancing Mechanobiology by Micro/Nanosystems

The eight papers in this special section examine the field of mechanobiology. The capabilities of living cells to sense and respond to biomechanical cues in the native microenvironment play critical roles in various physiological and pathological processes. A century ago, the observations of cell shape changes and tissue deformation during embryo development allured developmental biologists to believe that mechanical forces dictate morphogenesis, while these thoughts were then masked by the huge success of genetics. The recent two decades witness the resurgence of mechanobiology research, thanks to the close collaborations between biologists, material scientists, and bioengineers. The papers in this section present exciting contributions to the mechanobiology field; efforts spanning a broad range of domains including cellular responses to bionanomaterials, and computational modeling of cell behaviors.
9 How to Write a Research Protocol

No football coach would ever let his team take the field without a “game plan.” The research protocol is the game plan for your project, your vision of what you will accomplish when you “take the field” with your research team. The document describes the reasoning behind and the process of the research project that you have in mind [1]. It tells what you hope to accomplish and how you will get it done. It also imposes a discipline, requiring you and your team to anticipate every step of the project before the first subject is recruited. This body of the research protocol more-or-less follows the IMRAD model, an acronym for the words Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. We will return to this model in Chap. 11, which discusses how to write a report of a research study.
Tissue Engineering: Current Approaches and Future Directions

Tissue engineering marries the fields of engineering and life sciences with the goal of fashioning biomimetic materials to augment, restore, or maintain biologic systems after damage by disease or injury. That is, tissue engineering seeks replicate the functions usually performed by the body’s organs; a goal sometimes referred to as “the missing organ problem.”
A case of peliosis hepatis in association with tamoxifen therapy.

A 58-year-old white woman was admitted to Sinai Hospital of Detroit in May 1981 with complaints of substernal pain radiating to the right upper abdominal quadrant and right shoulder. An episode of chest pain two months prior to admission had been diagnosed as pulmonary embolism,, and warfarin was used to elevate the prothrombin time to a therapeutic range. The other medication taken included liotrix for hypothyroidism. A modified radical mastectomy was performed for a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the right breast in October 1977. One of 17 axillary lymph nodes dissected was positive for metastasis. The estrogen receptor protein was elevated to 53.3 fmol at that time. The chest x-ray, metastatic bone survey, and liver scan were normal. There was no history of alcohol abuse, jaundice, blood transfusion, trauma, nor treatment with any androgenic steroid. The physical examination on the present admission revealed that the woman had stable vital signs. The abdomen was soft, nondistended, with no guarding or rigidity, but with tenderness in the upper right quadrant. No organs or masses were palpable, and there were no signs of external blood loss. Shortly after admission, however, the blood pressure dropped, and deep clinical shock developed. Her hemoglobin dropped from 14 g/dL to 10.3 g/dL. On admission, surgical consultation was obtained, and the following studies were done: SMA-12, electrolytes, CPK, chest x-ray, and electrocardiogram results were within normal limits. Ventilation perfusion scan of the lungs showed no defects. Flat films of the abdomen indicated peritoneal fluid. The patient was taken to surgery, where a massive rupture of the right lobe of liver was found. Right lobe hepatectomy was done and the hepatic bed packed with gel foam. The patient had a stormy postoperative course. Vital signs could not be maintained, in spite of transfusions of 13 units of blood, 3 units of fresh frozen plasma, and platelets. She died 36 hours postoperatively.
Distinguishing Characteristics of Robotic Writing.

Advances in robotic handwriting technology create new challenges for forensic document examiners. In the past, devices such as the autopen were used to replicate signatures of government officials and corporate companies. In today’s technology, companies such as Bond utilize robots to create written documents, which mimic natural patterns of handwriting. They generate customizable written samples by simulating pen movements and letter formations. Four forensic document examiners were given various reproduced questioned documents and utilized a modified ACE-V (analysis, comparison, evaluation, verification) methodology to determine their genuineness. Examiners were able to make a distinction between the human writing samples and the skilled robotic equivalents. Several distinct features that are not seen in natural handwriting, such as even pen pressure and the superimposition of letterforms were observed in the robotic samples. Careful examination of identifying features of the Bond produced documents resulted in an opinion of nongenuineness.
Be a SAM Superhero: Save Money and Reduce Risk at Your School

We are living in a fast paced age of communication where we need be responsive in a quick and accurate way. Software asset management (SAM) allows organizations to achieve results smarter and with less money. Knowing what software is owned and how it is used allows organizations to make the most of their assets and to be strategic in moving forward. At MSU Denver we created a SAM team back in June 2016 and have saved close to $1 million so far! We have developed and implemented an in house SAM tracking tool and have performed several internal software audits to ensure license compliance. These achievements have really validated the need for a SAM team and associated processes.
Online Care Versus In-Person Care for Improving Quality of Life in Psoriasis: A Randomized Controlled Equivalency Trial.

This 12-month, pragmatic, randomized controlled equivalency trial evaluated whether an online, collaborative connected-health model results in equivalent improvements in quality of life compared with in-person care for psoriasis. Overall, 296 adults with physician-diagnosed psoriasis from ambulatory clinics were randomly assigned to either online or in-person care; all were analyzed for outcomes. In the online group, patients and primary care providers sought dermatologists' care directly and asynchronously online. The in-person group sought care face to face. Interventions did not allow blinding of participants; investigators were blinded during analysis. Across 12 months, for the online group, the mean ± standard deviation decline in Skindex-16 from baseline across follow-up visits was 9.02 ± 20.67 compared with 10.55 ± 23.50 for the in-person group. The difference in Skindex-16 between the two groups was –0.83 (95% confidence interval = –5.18 to 3.51), and this was within the equivalence margin (±7.0). For the online group, the mean ± standard deviation decline in Dermatology Life Quality Index was 1.64 ± 4.34 compared with 1.18 ± 4.77 for the in-person group. The difference in Dermatology Life Quality Index between the two groups was –0.45 (95% confidence interval = –1.29 to 0.38) and was within the equivalence margin (±2.5). In conclusion, the online model was as effective as in-person care in improving quality of life among psoriasis patients. This study was funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute and is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02358135).
The reliability of observational data: I. Theories and methods for speech-language pathology.

Much attention has been directed recently toward the problem of measuring occurrences of stuttering with satisfactory levels of interjudge agreement. This paper reviews the prominent concepts of th...
Lung function in young adults and risk of cardiovascular events over 29 years: The CARDIA study

Background Diminished peak lung function in young adulthood is a risk factor for future chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The association between lung disease and cardiovascular disease later ...
Relationship between laboratory and full-scale fatigue performance of asphalt mixtures containing recycled materials

Use of recycled materials in asphalt mixtures is an important sustainability practice, and yet the oxidized asphalts introduced may compromise the cracking performance of pavement. This study evaluated the fatigue crack resistance of ten asphalt mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement or recycled asphalt shingles. The materials were acquired from the full-scale test lanes constructed at the Federal Highway Administration Accelerated Loading Facility in McLean, Virginia. Three simple performance tests were employed given their simple testing procedures and analysis approaches: semi-circular bend, indirect tension, and Texas overlay tests. The test data were analyzed to obtain the corresponding fatigue parameters following the latest test standards and relevant literature. A new parameter named corrected crack progression rate (CCPR) was proposed for the Texas overlay test considering the viscoelastic nature of asphalt mixtures. Statistical comparison was performed on the laboratory results to assess the potential of each parameter in discriminating mixtures. This study further investigated the relationship between the laboratory results and fatigue performance of the full-scale lanes. It was found that the proposed CCPR parameter for the Texas overlay test provided the strongest correlation with field performance. Additionally, the fatigue life parameter determined from the same laboratory test, although relatively more variable, demonstrated the highest potential in detecting differences in mixture compositions.