cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Diurnal Salivary Cortisol in Youth—Clarifying the Nature of Posttraumatic Stress Dysregulation

Objective The purpose of this study was to clarify the nature of diurnal salivary cortisol dysregulation in youth who experience posttraumatic stress (PTS). Method Diurnal trends in salivary cortisol secretion were examined in a sample of 41 youth aged 10–16 years (26 youth exposed to interpersonal traumas and 15 control participants with no PTS) using hierarchical linear modeling. Results Cortisol levels were characterized by curvilinear trends in secretion (i.e., sharp declines from prebreakfast to prelunch followed by smaller decreases from prelunch to predinner with a leveling-off or slight increase from predinner to prebed assessment). Results further indicated that youth with PTS had sharper morning declines and relatively higher evening levels (i.e., a greater curve in the daily trend) than nontraumatized youth. Conclusions Findings help to elucidate the physiological basis for altered arousal patterns in youth with PTS. Traumatized youth showed wider daily fluctuations in cortisol levels when these trends were modeled in a curvilinear fashion. The findings help to describe the nature of stress dysregulation in trauma-exposed youth and may have implications for clarifying some of the apparent inconsistencies in the literature.
Gynecologic tumor markers

The advent of monoclonal technology has increased the potential utility of antibody-dependent tumor marker assays in gynecologic oncology. The availability of unlimited quantities of several pure monoclonal antibodies directed against novel epitopes on tumor-associated antigens has permitted development of highly sensitive assays for serum markers. Traditional assays for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), NB/70K and TA-4 have been improved. CA 125 has provided a useful first-generation marker for monitoring ovarian cancer and triaging patients with pelvic masses, despite limitations in sensitivity and specificity. In the next decade, the challenge is to identify new markers that will complement CA 125 in monitoring ovarian cancer and facilitate screening for occult early-stage disease. Strategies involving multiple markers and modalities may be required. Some markers may emerge through a more fundamental knowledge of the biology of gynecologic neoplasms, including the expression of growth factors and their receptors. Finally, the application of monoclonal antibodies to immunohistochemistry and radionuclide imaging also may provide new areas of diagnostic application for monoclonal antibodies in gynecologic oncology.
Interobserver reliability of computed tomography‐derived primary tumor volume measurement in patients with supraglottic carcinoma

BACKGROUND Prior studies have determined that macroscopic (“gross”) tumor volume (GTV), as calculated from pretreatment computer tomography (CT), was capable of predicting local control in squamous cell carcinoma arising in different subsites in the head and neck in patients who were treated with nonsurgical organ-preservation therapy. The majority of these studies were single-institution, retrospective investigations. Consequently, there has been concern that GTV measurements may not be reproducible by different readers at different institutions. The objective of the current study was to measure the interobserver reliability for GTV measurements for squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx (SGSCCA) performed by different readers at different institutions. METHODS Eight experienced readers (4 neuroradiologists and 4 radiation oncologists) from different institutions independently measured the pretreatment GTV of 20 patients with SGSCCA. The CT scans were obtained from patients entered into the definitive radiation therapy arm of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group protocol 91-11, who had supraglottic carcinoma and underwent pretreatment CT scans of the neck. Statistical analysis focused on interobserver reliability as measured by the intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.81 (95% lower confidence bound, 0.71). This value was interpreted as “excellent.” CONCLUSIONS GTV measurements were reliable and reproducible when performed by neuroradiologists and radiation oncologists who were experienced in the interpretation of CT scans of the extracranial head and neck in patients with SGSCCA. The result implied that the correlation between GTV and local control should be reproducible across institutions. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Evening Emergence Behavior and Seasonal Dynamics in Large Colonies of Brazilian Free-tailed Bats

Flexible behaviors permit gregarious animals to exploit spatially and temporally favorable conditions for reproduction. Evening emergences of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) in south-central Texas were recorded to determine changes in colony dynamics and to evaluate hypotheses associated with predator avoidance and seasonal energy demands. In 2007, median parturition date was 18 June and lactation lasted about 54 days. Juveniles commenced flight after 41 days, then continued to suckle for 2 weeks before being weaned. Onset of evening emergence was correlated with sunset, beginning, on average, 11.8 min after sunset (95% confidence interval = 7.1, 16.6), which is later than reported in previous studies. Pregnant females emerged later than their roost mates, consistent with a predator avoidance hypothesis. Lactating females emerged after sunset, but earlier than other bats, consistent with the hypothesis that this is a period of high energy demand. Juveniles emerged later than adult females while they continued to be suckled, but emerged earlier as they matured and were weaned, suggesting a trade-off between predator avoidance and energy demands. Our observations indicate that evening emergence behavior of T. brasiliensis varies with environmental cues but is mediated by the energetic demands of reproduction.
Transfer of coded information from sensory to motor networks

During sensory-guided motor tasks, information must be transferred from arrays of neurons coding target location to motor networks that generate and control movement. We address two basic questions about this information transfer. First, what mechanisms assure that the different neural representations align properly so that activity in the sensory network representing target location evokes a motor response generating accurate movement toward the target? Coordinate transformations may be needed to put the sensory data into a form appropriate for use by the motor system. For example, in visually guided reaching the location of a target relative to the body is determined by a combination of the position of its image on the retina and the direction of gaze. What assures that the motor network responds to the appropriate combination of sensory inputs corresponding to target position in body- or arm-centered coordinates? To answer these questions, we model a sensory network coding target position and use it to drive a similarly modeled motor network. To determine the actual motor response we use decoding methods that have been developed and verified in experimental work. We derive a general set of conditions on the sensory-to-motor synaptic connections that assure a properly aligned and transformed response. The accuracy of the response for different numbers of coding cells is computed. We show that development of the synaptic weights needed to generate the correct motor response can occur spontaneously through the observation of random movements and correlation-based synaptic modification. No error signal or external teaching is needed during this process. We also discuss nonlinear coordinate transformations and the presence of both shifting and nonshifting receptive fields in sensory/motor systems.
1,3‐Diols from Lithium β‐Lithioalkoxides Generated by the Reductive Lithiation of Epoxides: 2,5‐Dimethyl‐2,4‐Hexanediol

1,3-Diols from lithium β-lithioalkoxides generated by the reductive lithiation of epoxides: 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexanediol product: 2,5-Dimethyl-2,4-hexanediol product: 5-methyl-2,4-hexanediol product: 1-p-anisyl-1,3-butanediol product: 2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)cyclohexanol Keywords: addition, to CO; Grignard and related reactions; metalation reactions, lithium; metalation reactions, lithium; lithium, ribbon; tetrahydrofuran
Capital punishment as moral imperative: Pro-death-penalty discourse on the Internet

Capital punishment plays a contradictory, emotional role in American social and political culture. In particular, the relationship between this punishment and variously situated social actors sugge...
Spherical hyperlens for two-dimensional sub-diffractional imaging at visible frequencies

Hyperlenses have generated much interest recently, not only because of their intriguing physics but also for their ability to achieve sub-diffraction imaging in the far field in real time. All previous efforts have been limited to sub-wavelength confinement in one dimension only and at ultraviolet frequencies, hindering the use of hyperlenses in practical applications. Here, we report the first experimental demonstration of far-field imaging at a visible wavelength, with resolution beyond the diffraction limit in two lateral dimensions. The spherical hyperlens is designed with flat hyperbolic dispersion that supports wave propagation with very large spatial frequency and yet same phase speed. This allows us to resolve features down to 160 nm, much smaller than the diffraction limit at visible wavelengths, that is, 410 nm. The hyperlens can be integrated into conventional microscopes, expanding their capabilities beyond the diffraction limit and opening a new realm in real-time nanoscopic optical imaging.
Negotiating organizational future: symbolic struggles in a fiscal crisis

Purpose – The authors use concepts from the “communication constitutes organizations” (CCO) literature in combination with Cooren’s (2010, 2012) ventriloquism to demonstrate the symbolic uses of texts and shifting interpretations of authority during a negotiation regarding the future of a nonprofit educational institution. The two sides negotiating over how to resolve a fiscal crisis struggled to achieve legitimacy through competing institutional logics, and this paper captures this process through a detailed account. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This study emerged from a multi-year full immersion ethnography undertaken by the second author, who spent over 5,000 hours as a participant observer at the organization. The quotes and observations come form field notes taken during this time. Findings – Communication constitutes the nonprofit institution through two communication flows – self-structuring processes and institutional positioning – and these flows symbolica...
Early auditory processing evoked potentials (N100) show a continuum of blunting from clinical high risk to psychosis in a pediatric sample.

Abstract Background The N100 is a negative deflection in the surface EEG approximately 100 ms after an auditory signal. It has been shown to be reduced in individuals with schizophrenia and those at clinical high risk (CHR). N100 blunting may index neural network dysfunction underlying psychotic symptoms. This phenomenon has received little attention in pediatric populations. Method This cross-sectional study compared the N100 response measured via the average EEG response at the left medial frontal position FC1 to 150 sinusoidal tones in participants ages 5 to 17 years with a CHR syndrome ( n = 29), a psychotic disorder ( n = 22), or healthy controls ( n = 17). Results Linear regression analyses that considered potential covariates (age, gender, handedness, family mental health history, medication usage) revealed decreasing N100 amplitude with increasing severity of psychotic symptomatology from healthy to CHR to psychotic level. Conclusions Longitudinal assessment of the N100 in CHR children who do and do not develop psychosis will inform whether it predicts transition to psychosis and if its response to treatment predicts symptom change.
Multi-spectral infrared spectroscopy for robust plastic identification

The identification and classification of plastics plays an important role in waste management and recycling processes. Present electrical and optical sorting techniques lack the required resolution for accurate identification in a high throughput manner for a diverse set of plastics commonly found in municipal waste. In this work a multi-spectral infrared spectroscopic technique is employed to construct a unique fingerprint library of 12 plastic resin groups that are commonly encountered in municipal waste. We test the proposed method in a blind plastic identification experiment, which shows excellent unbiased identification accuracy. This simple optical technique in combination with the multi-spectral library will enable high throughput and accurate detection of various plastics from recovered solid waste.
A Multilayer Model of the Thermohaline and Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation

Abstract A hybrid, multilayer model for the oceanic general circulation is formulated and tested. The model includes a mixed layer at the surface which is specified by Eulerian coordinates, and three moving layers below which are specified by quasi-Lagrangian, isopycnal coordinates. Initial tests have been carried out with a 22 × 22 horizontal grid mesh covering a subtropical-subpolar basin (6000 × 6000 km2). The numerical results demonstrate a strong interaction between the wind-driven and the thermally driven circulations, including outcropping of the lower isopycnal layers, a Gulf Stream-like interior boundary current, and convection which produces mode water and abyssal water. The model provides insight into the potential vorticity balance and its relation to both the wind-driven and thermohaline components of the circulation which has not been previously available from Eulerian numerical models or analytical models based on the assumption of an ideal fluid thermocline.
Proximity effects in Pb-I-Bi 8 Te 7 S 5 -I-Pb sandwiches as determined by electron tunneling

Pb-I-Bi/sub 8/Te/sub 7/S/sub 5/-I-Pb proximity sandwiches have been produced b y evaporating Pb onto both surfaces of atomically smooth films of Bi/ sub 8/Te/sub 7/S/sup 5/. Tunnelng experiments have been performed on these sandwiches and the results are shown to be in agreement with the McMillan tunneling model of the superconducting proximity effect. (auth)
The Euphrates as Temporal Marker in 4 Ezra and 2 Baruch

In biblical texts, the river Euphrates functions as a geopolitical border: it delineates the boundaries of the land promised to Abraham and his descendants, and it demarcates the border of the Babylonian exiles, separating those who remain in the land from those in exile while imagining a future when they will be reunited. After the destruction of the second temple, however, the Euphrates transforms into a border separating the eschatological future from the crisis of the present. This transformation is reflected in the pseudepigraphic works of 4 Ezra and 2 Baruch, where the eventual restoration of the full community of Israel is imagined through both a physical and a temporal crossing of the Euphrates. This paper explores the presentation of the Euphrates as a border that indicates temporal proximity to the eschaton and to the lost tribes in 4 Ezra and 2 Baruch.1
Hitting the Wall: Plant Cell Walls During Botrytis cinerea Infections

The cell wall is among the first structures that Botrytis cinerea encounters when colonizing plant tissues. From the perspective of B. cinerea as an infecting pathogen, host cell walls are potential sources of nutrients, but intact walls are also barriers that limit advancement of growing fungal hyphae beyond the initial sites of penetration. Plant cell walls are polysaccharide-rich extracellular matrices that surround individual cells. The architecture and composition of cell walls vary among plant species and organs. The shapes and attributes of organs are determined by the arrangements of the macromolecules that compose cell walls. Walls are synthesized, remodeled and disassembled as cells divide, differentiate, expand, and expire. Metabolic, developmental and external events, including infections by pathogens, alter the properties and components of plant cell walls. This chapter focuses on the cell walls of host plant tissues during infections by B. cinerea. The expression and the polysaccharide targets of B. cinerea and plant genes predicted to encode proteins that could modify plant cell walls as a consequence of infection are described. The impacts of these proteins on the properties of walls are discussed, noting potential alterations to extracellular anti-pathogen and pathogen-related defence proteins associated with the wall matrix.
Acute allergic reactions to infusion chemotherapy in outpatient office practice

e20722 Background: Outpatient chemotherapy/biotherapy in oncologist's offices are being utilized in greater numbers, increasing the risks of acute allergic reactions. Methods: The clinical charts o...
Vertical Transmission of a Nosema sp. (Microsporida: Nosematidae) Infecting a Grasshopper, Chorthippus curtipennis (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Vertical transmission studies of a Nosema sp. infecting a grasshopper, Chorthippus curtipennis (Harris), were conducted in the laboratory. Mated pairs of field-collected grasshoppers were allowed to oviposit, and the adults and progeny were subsequently examined for infection. Infection status of the parents had no effect on fecundity. A preliminary analysis of observed differences in percentage hatch was also not significant, but further analysis suggested that there were differences between mated pairs. The analysis suggested that some of the differences in hatch rate were caused by infection of the female when mated pairs were subsequently classified as having a high or low hatch rate. Vertical transmission was maternally mediated, with >70% of the progeny infected at5 d after hatch.
Vertically Stacked Photodetector Devices Containing Silicon Nanowires with Engineered Absorption Spectra

We fabricate a vertically stacked photodetector device containing silicon nanowire photodetectors formed above a silicon substrate that also contains a photodetector. The nanowire photodetectors have absorption spectra that exhibit peaks for which light is coupled to a waveguide mode, absorbed, and converted to photocurrent. The substrate photodetector converts the light not absorbed by the nanowires to photocurrent. Responsivities of both photodetectors are measured and compared to the predictions of electromagnetic simulations. This device configuration can be thought of as a silicon photodetector with an integrated filter. The filter has the unusual property of converting absorbed light to photocurrent rather than discarding it.
Endoplasmic reticulum and oxidant stress mediate nuclear factor-κB activation in the subfornical organ during angiotensin II hypertension

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the brain circumventricular subfornical organ (SFO) mediate the central hypertensive actions of Angiotensin II (ANG II). However, the downstream signaling events remain unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that angiotensin type 1a receptors (AT1aR), ER stress, and ROS induce activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) during ANG II-dependent hypertension. To spatiotemporally track NF-κB activity in the SFO throughout the development of ANG II-dependent hypertension, we used SFO-targeted adenoviral delivery and longitudinal bioluminescence imaging in mice. During low-dose infusion of ANG II, bioluminescence imaging revealed a prehypertensive surge in NF-κB activity in the SFO at a time point prior to a significant rise in arterial blood pressure. SFO-targeted ablation of AT1aR, inhibition of ER stress, or adenoviral scavenging of ROS in the SFO prevented the ANG II-induced increase in SFO NF-κB. These findings highlight the utility of bioluminescence imaging to longitudinally track transcription factor activation during the development of ANG II-dependent hypertension and reveal an AT1aR-, ER stress-, and ROS-dependent prehypertensive surge in NF-κB activity in the SFO. Furthermore, the increase in NF-κB activity before a rise in arterial blood pressure suggests a causal role for SFO NF-κB in the development of ANG II-dependent hypertension.
Compressed-Liquid Density Measurements of Methyl Oleate and Methyl Linoleate

Compressed-liquid densities of the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) methyl linoleate and methyl oleate have been measured with a vibrating-tube densimeter. The temperature and pressure ranges of the measured data are from (270 to 470) K and (0.5 to 50) MPa. The data at 10 MPa and below have been extrapolated to 0.083 MPa (the approximate ambient pressure in Boulder, CO) for comparison with existing literature data. A correlation is given that represents the temperature and pressure dependence of the reported experimental data within their estimated uncertainties.
Trouble at the core: BRAF(V600E) drives multiple modes of T-cell suppression in melanoma

Several studies have demonstrated that oncogenic BRAF(V600E) promotes T-cell suppression in melanoma by upregulating the transcription of a multitude of immunomodulatory chemokine and cytokine genes. BRAF(V600E) has now been shown to act even more directly to evade cytotoxic T-cell recognition, by driving rapid internalization of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I from the tumor-cell surface and its intracellular sequestration.
Developmental changes in college engineering students' personal epistemology profiles

Abstract The current study empirically tested Greene, Azevedo, and Turney-Purta's (2008) combined theory of personal epistemology development among a sample of college engineering students ( N = 917). Participants were invited to complete surveys assessing personal epistemology at the beginning and end of a semester. Using cluster analysis, students were categorized into six clusters. Four of these clusters mapped onto the epistemic positions predicted by the combined theory ( realist , dogmatist , skeptic , rationalist ), with two novel groups identified ( uncommitted , low-all-beliefs ). Shifts between clusters over the semester were examined. There was evidence for some of the theoretically predicted shifts in membership (i.e., skeptics to rationalists), but not others (i.e., realist to dogmatist or skeptic; dogmatists to rationalist). Finally, dogmatists earned lower course grades than students in other clusters. Implications for educational practice and proposed modifications to the combined theory of personal epistemology development are discussed.
IDENTIFICATION OF A MOLECULAR CHAPERONE IN THE EUKARYOTIC FLAGELLUM AND ITS LOCALIZATION TO THE SITE OF MICROTUBULE ASSEMBLY

Monoclonal antibodies that recognize HSP70 family members from evolutionarily divergent organisms were used to identify both constitutively-expressed and stress-inducible HSP70 proteins in the green alga Chlamydomonas. These monoclonal antibodies also cross-reacted with a 70 kDa flagellar protein that comigrated with the constitutively-expressed HSP70 isoform(s) present in the cell body; this is the first identification of a molecular chaperone within the eukaryotic flagellum. Fractionation experiments demonstrated that much of the flagellar HSP70 was bound to the ‘9+2’ microtubule axoneme. Incubation of isolated axonemes in ATP, but not AMP or AMP-PNP, caused significant release of the previously bound HSP70 as is characteristic of complexed HSP70s. Immunofluorescent localization in whole flagella showed that flagellar HSP70 was concentrated at the distal ends of flagella, sites of axonemal assembly in vivo. Extraction of axonemes under ionic conditions known to cause the release of capping structures that link the distal ends of the axonemal microtubules to the flagellar membrane also caused the release of axonemal-bound HSP70. Taken together, these results suggest a model in which an HSP70 chaperone may assist in targeting tubulin and other unassembled axonemal components to the flagellar tip where the chaperone may also participate in the assembly of the ‘9+2’ flagellar axoneme.
E-Selective Semi-Hydrogenation of Alkynes by Heterobimetallic Catalysis

A unique cooperative H2 activation reaction by heterobimetallic (NHC)M'-MCp(CO)2 complexes (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene, M' = Cu or Ag, M = Fe or Ru) has been leveraged to develop a catalytic alkyne semi-hydrogenation transformation. The optimal Ag-Ru catalyst gives high selectivity for converting alkynes to E-alkenes, a rare selectivity mode for reduction reactions with H2. The transformation is tolerant of many reducible functional groups. Computational analysis of H2 activation thermodynamics guided rational catalyst development. Bimetallic alkyne hydrogenation and alkene isomerization mechanisms are proposed.
Gut microbiota, healthy ageing and age-associated intestinal diseases: Drosphila intestine as a good model

The simplicity of Drosophila gut microbiome renders the fly intestine as a good model to study the interaction between the host and gut microbiota. Changes in commensal populations, defined as ‘dysbiosis’ in this review and others, are associated with disorders like autoimmune and allergic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity and diabetes, cancer and other ageing associated intestinal diseases etc. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying the gut microbiome and ageing, ageing-associated intestinal diseases is critical. In this review, the fly gut microbiome has been compared with human gut microbiome. Recent work in the role of gut microbiome in ageing, inflammatory diseases of the intestine and cancer has been discussed in both Drosophila and mammals. Preventing intestinal dysbiosis for promoting health-span and lifespan is highly possible in Drosophila and mammals. Using Drosophila intestine as the model to address the questions raised above will provide insights on ageing and ageing-associated intestinal diseases.
How useful is your homepage? A quick and practical approach to evaluating a library’s Web site

Evaluation permanente a l'aide d'un panel d'utilisateurs. Mise en oeuvre de groupes test, realisation d'enquetes
On the Link Between Energy Equipartition and Radial Variation in the Stellar Mass Function of Star Clusters

We make use of $N$-body simulations to determine the relationship between two observable parameters that are used to quantify mass segregation and energy equipartition in star clusters. Mass segregation can be quantified by measuring how the slope of a cluster's stellar mass function $\alpha$ changes with clustercentric distance r, and then calculating $\delta_\alpha = \frac{d \alpha(r)}{d ln(r/r_m)}$ where $r_m$ is the cluster's half-mass radius. The degree of energy equipartition in a cluster is quantified by $\eta$, which is a measure of how stellar velocity dispersion $\sigma$ depends on stellar mass m via $\sigma(m) \propto m^{-\eta}$. Through a suite of $N$-body star cluster simulations with a range of initial sizes, binary fractions, orbits, black hole retention fractions, and initial mass functions, we present the co-evolution of $\delta_\alpha$ and $\eta$. We find that measurements of the global $\eta$ are strongly affected by the radial dependence of $\sigma$ and mean stellar mass and the relationship between $\eta$ and $\delta_\alpha$ depends mainly on the cluster's initial conditions and the tidal field. Within $r_m$, where these effects are minimized, we find that $\eta$ and $\delta_\alpha$ initially share a linear relationship. However, once the degree of mass segregation increases such that the radial dependence of $\sigma$ and mean stellar mass become a factor within $r_m$, or the cluster undergoes core collapse, the relationship breaks down. We propose a method for determining $\eta$ within $r_m$ from an observational measurement of $\delta_\alpha$. In cases where $\eta$ and $\delta_\alpha$ can be measured independently, this new method offers a way of measuring the cluster's dynamical state.
Spatial distribution of road salt contamination of natural springs and seeps, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, USA

A total of 71 water samples were collected from 37 springs and seeps that flow from the Pennsylvanian aged Sharon Sandstone at Gorge Metro Park, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. The geology of the study area consists of natural springs and seeps emerging from fractures, thin conglomeratic beds and the contact between the Sharon Sandstone and underlying Meadville Shale. The springs were analyzed for discharge, temperature, conductivity, pH, major anions, and major cations.
Piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity in a polyvinylidenefluoride copolymer

Since the report by Kawai1 that polyvinylidenefluoride could be made piezoelectric by the temporary application of a high electric field, there has been renewed interest in producing a piezoelectric polymer with a large piezoelectric coefficient and long lifetime. The search for the optimum chemical and physical properties and the optimum poling conditions would be greatly enhanced by a knowledge of the mechanism responsible for piezoelectric and pyroelectric response in polymer films. This paper will briefly review a theory developed for amorphous polymers which attributes piezoelectric and pyroelectric response to the effect of a volume change in the polarization resulting from frozen-in dipole alignment achieved during the poling process. In addition, the pyroelectric coefficient includes a contribution from a change in the amplitude of oscillation of dipoles about a fixed mean position. Experimental results for a semicrystalline copolymer of vinylidenefluoride and tetrafluoroethylene will then be compared with values expected from the model. Mopsik and Broadhurst2 applied an Onsager cavity approach to calculate the polarization in a system in which a polarizable dipole interacts with aligned dipoles in the surrounding dielectric. In such a case, they find the polarization P given by: P = (e ∞ + 2 / 3) N μ0 /V (1) in which e ∞ is the relative permittivity for immobilized dipoles, μ o is the vacuum dipole moment, N is the number of dipoles in the volume V, and is the averaged cosine of the angle between the individual dipole moments and the total sample moment.
How Gladiatorial Movies and Martial Arts Cinema Influenced the Development of The Ultimate Fighting Championship

The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) was born as a marketing tool for the Gracie family to publicize their style of martial arts, in spite of the fact that it did not fit the image of what a martial art should look like according to cinematic representations. The success of the Gracie family in UFC contests forced the martial arts world to revise long cherished stereotypes regarding what constitutes an effective fighting style. The UFC, however, came under attack when several politicians, including presidential candidate John McCain, campaigned to ban what they considered a ‘blood sport’ reminiscent of the ancient Roman gladiatorial games. Even after the UFC was able to gain widespread acceptance, it continued to market itself using gladiatorial iconography. This article considers the ways in which the cinematic representations of ancient Roman gladiators as well as martial arts movies have both influenced the UFC, and how they have been influenced by it. Over time, UFC promoters modified the rules in order to encourage the kind of fighting seen in movies, and martial arts films modified their choreography to include the type of techniques performed by UFC fighters. This article shows that a similar relationship exists between UFC and gladiatorial films.
Chapter 12 – Thermodynamics and biological systems

This chapter includes a short description of the mitochondria and energy transduction in the mitochondrion. It summarizes the proper pathways and the study of multi-inflection points in bioenergetics.. The concept of thermodynamic buffering caused by soluble enzymes and some important processes of bioenergetics using the linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics formulation has also been summarized. Many physical and biological processes occur in nonequilibrium, open systems with irreversible changes, such as the transport of matter, energy and electricity, nerve conduction, muscle contractions, and complex coupled phenomena. Mitochondria contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribosomes, proteinproducing organelles in the cytoplasm. The main function of the mitochondria is to provide energy for cellular activity by the process of aerobic respiration. Mitochondria are an efficient and regulated energy-transducing unit as it organizes the electron transfer and the associated reactions leading to the ATP synthesis. The chapter discusses the two theoretical approaches applied to the oxidative phosphorylation: metabolic control analysis and nonequilibrium thermodynamics. These approaches are helpful for quantitative description and understanding of control and regulation of the oxidative phosphorylation.
3D SEM characterization of advanced sidewall patterning process (Conference Presentation)

Sidewall image transfer has become a key enabler of future design shrink. It is consisted of several process steps that multiply the number of lithography backbone patterns in a self-aligned form, shrinking pattern and pitch sizes. The quality of the image transfer process depends on the characteristics of the sidewall pattern morphology. Rectangular Sidewalls with a flat top and vertical edges will result with symmetrical and uniform etched image. On the other hand, Facet top, bent sidewalls, sloped edges or foot, may distort the etched image. In this paper we present a description of the 3DSEM metrology technique used, simulation results, and demonstrate three dimensional characterization of Sidewalls pattern fabricated with different etch recipes: Top Facet measurements vs cross section images; Edge slop and foot characterization
The Evolution of Bitcoin Hardware

Since its deployment in 2009, Bitcoin has achieved remarkable success and spawned hundreds of other cryptocurrencies. The author traces the evolution of the hardware underlying the system, from early GPU-based homebrew machines to today’s datacenters powered by application-specific integrated circuits. These ASIC clouds provide a glimpse into planet-scale computing’s future.
Teriparatide for treatment of patients with bisphosphonate-associated atypical fracture of the femur.

Summary The Fracture Improvement with Teriparatide (Fix-IT) study randomized 13 women with an atypical femur fracture to immediate vs delayed teriparatide therapy; all were followed for 12 months. Results suggested a trend for superior healing and lesser bone mineral density declines in the immediate vs delayed group with no differences in adverse events.
Short Paper: Service-Oriented Sharding for Blockchains

The rise of blockchain-based cryptocurrencies has led to an explosion of services using distributed ledgers as their underlying infrastructure. However, due to inherently single-service oriented blockchain protocols, such services can bloat the existing ledgers, fail to provide sufficient security, or completely forego the property of trustless auditability. Security concerns, trust restrictions, and scalability limits regarding the resource requirements of users hamper the sustainable development of loosely-coupled services on blockchains.
Stability and Relation to Poles Placements

The stability of the system (or the lack thereof) is extremely important. In almost all cases, systems need to be stable in order to be useful. In the frequency domain the transfer function of the system describes how the system responds in the frequency domain, and is able to reveal if the system is stable or not. This can be done by examining the poles of the transfer function. Simply put of the real part of the pole lies in the left side of the complex plane then the system is stable; else it is unstable. So the process of identifying stability starts with identifying all poles, and ensuring that they all lie in the left half of the complex plane. In the time domain a system is stable if the impulse response does not grow and dies out. Notice the special case of pole lying right at the center of the plane, such as for example \(H(s) = \frac {1}{s}\) and in this case the system response does not die out, but at the same time does not grow; we simply get the impulse response h(t) = 1!
Glycerolipid Headgroups Control Rate and Mechanism of Superoxide Dismutase-1 Aggregation and Accelerate Fibrillization of Slowly Aggregating Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mutants.

Interactions between superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) and lipid membranes might be directly involved in the toxicity and intercellular propagation of aggregated SOD1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the chemical details of lipid–SOD1 interactions and their effects on SOD1 aggregation remain unclear. This paper determined the rate and mechanism of nucleation of fibrillar apo-SOD1 catalyzed by liposomal surfaces with identical hydrophobic chains (RCH2(O2C18H33)2), but headgroups of different net charge and hydrophobicity (i.e., R(CH2)N+(CH3)3, RPO4–(CH2)2N+(CH3)3, and RPO4–). Under semiquiescent conditions (within a 96 well microplate, without a gyrating bead), the aggregation of apo-SOD1 into thioflavin-T-positive (ThT(+)) amyloid fibrils did not occur over 120 h in the absence of liposomal surfaces. Anionic liposomes triggered aggregation of apo-SOD1 into ThT(+) amyloid fibrils; cationic liposomes catalyzed fibrillization but at slower rates and across a narrower lipid concentration; zwitterionic ...
A zebrafish model of foxe3 deficiency demonstrates lens and eye defects with dysregulation of key genes involved in cataract formation in humans

The Forkhead box E3 (FOXE3) gene encodes a transcription factor with a forkhead/winged helix domain that is critical for development of the lens and anterior segment of the eye. Monoallelic and biallelic deleterious sequence variants in FOXE3 cause aphakia, cataracts, sclerocornea and microphthalmia in humans. We used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 injections to target the foxe3 transcript in zebrafish in order to create an experimental model of loss of function for this gene. Larvae that were homozygous for an indel variant, c.296_300delTGCAG, predicting p.(Val99Alafs*2), demonstrated severe eye defects, including small or absent lenses and microphthalmia. The lenses of the homozygous foxe3 indel mutants showed more intense staining with zl-1 antibody compared to control lenses, consistent with increased lens fiber cell differentiation. Whole genome transcriptome analysis (RNA-Seq) on RNA isolated from wildtype larvae and larvae with eye defects that were putative homozygotes for the foxe3 indel variant found significant dysregulation of genes expressed in the lens and eye whose orthologues are associated with cataracts in human patients, including cryba2a, cryba1l1, mipa and hsf4. Comparative analysis of this RNA-seq data with iSyTE data identified several lens-enriched genes to be down-regulated in foxe3 indel mutants. We also noted upregulation of lgsn and crygmxl2 and downregulation of fmodb and cx43.4, genes that are expressed in the zebrafish lens, but that are not yet associated with an eye phenotype in humans. These findings demonstrate that this new zebrafish foxe3 mutant model is highly relevant to the study of the gene regulatory networks conserved in vertebrate lens and eye development.
Instanton Floer Homology

Andreas Floer [93] associated with every integral homology 3-sphere eight finitely generated abelian groups I n (Σ), n = 0,..., 7, which are now referred to as the (instanton) Floer homology. The Floer homology is an invariant of orientation preserving diffeomorphism. It is a refinement of the Casson invariant λ(Σ) in that λ(Σ) is half the Euler characteristic of I *(Σ). The definition of I *(Σ) relies heavily on gauge theory in dimensions three and four. In this chapter, we define I *(Σ), review its properties, and give examples of calculations. We also explain relations between I *(Σ) and the symplectic Floer homology, between I *(Σ) and Donaldson polynomials, and describe various extensions of I *(Σ).
Organizational Issues, Logistic and Economic Implications of Obesity

Obesity, initially viewed principally as an American problem, has steadily marched across the globe. The severely obese, once primarily North American, have become denizens of Europe and are increasingly seen elsewhere. In the USA, obesity kills more than 100,000 every year.
Phase Ib study of cetuximab + BYL719 + IMRT in stage III-IVB head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

6081Background: Activation of the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway is common in HNSCC. PI3K inhibitors have been shown to enhance radiosensitivity. BYL719 is an α-specific PI3K inhibitor that is synergi...
Protecting Embedded Systems from Zero-Day Attacks

Recently, a quiet revolution in embedded systems technology has occurred with the appearance of System-on-Chip (SoC) devices. These couple Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) logic, with a broad array of peripherals, encryption hardware, and high-performance multi-core processors – all within the boundary of a single chip. This innovation has been accompanied by a coming-of-age in High-Level Synthesis, enabling hardware-software co-design in a systems programming language, such as C. Concurrently, the emergence of light-weight OCI-compliant containers have revolutionized the distribution and maintenance of vertically integrated software stacks. This short position paper explores how these advances can be leveraged to improve the security of embedded systems and, in particular, protect against sophisticated attacks employing kernel-level, zero-day exploits.
Assessing Residency Applicants' Communication and Professionalism: Standardized Video Interview Scores Compared to Faculty Gestalt.

Author(s): Schnapp, Benjamin H.; Ritter, Daniel; Kraut, Aaron S.; Fallon, Sarah; Westergaard, Mary C. | Abstract: Introduction: The Association of American Medical Colleges has introduced the Standardized Video Interview (SVI) to assess the communication and professionalism skills of residency applicants to allow a more holistic view of applicants beyond academic performance. Initial data suggests scores are not correlated with academic performance and provide a new measure of applicant attributes. It is not currently known how the SVI compares to existing metrics for assessing communication and professionalism during the interview process.Methods: Applicants to the University of Wisconsin Emergency Medicine Residency program were invited and interviewed without use of the SVI scores or videos. All faculty interviewers were blinded to applicants’ SVI information and asked to rate each applicant on their communication and professionalism on a scale from 1-25 (faculty gestalt score), analogous to the 6-30 scoring used by the SVI. We transformed SVI scores to our 1-25 system (transformed SVI score) for ease of comparison and compared them to faculty gestalt scores as well as applicants’ overall score for all components of their interview day (interview score).Results: We collected data for 125 residency candidates. Each applicant received a faculty gestalt score from up to four faculty interviewers. There was no significant correlation of SVI scores with faculty gestalt scores (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient [rs] (123)=0.09, p=0.30) and no correlation with the overall interview score (rs(123)=0.01, p=0.93). Faculty gestalt scores were correlated positively with interview scores (rs(123)=0.65, pl0.01).Conclusion: SVI scores show no significant correlation with faculty gestalt scores of communication and professionalism. This could relate to bias introduced by knowledge of an applicant’s academic performance, different types of questions being asked by faculty interviewers, or lack of uniform criteria by which faculty assess these competencies. Further research is needed to determine whether SVI scores or faculty gestalt correlate with performance during residency.
Separation of Powers in the U.S. Government: Cooperation and Competition among the Branches:

This is the fourth in the annual Menzies Lecture series. These lectures were delivered at the Australian National University in October 1988.
Current landscape of cytoreductive nephrectomy: who, when, and why?

The use of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in the cytokine therapy era was well supported by two randomized controlled trials conducted by the Southwest Oncology Group and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (1,2). However, due to the rapid advancement of novel therapies, the benefits of CN for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have been widely questioned.
Simulation based evaluation of security and resilience in railway infrastructure

Autonomous and connected vehicle technologies are rapidly emerging in the modern railway domain. Traditional standalone systems are now becoming more sophisticated, resulting in more distributed interfaces, and a larger attack surface. As such, there now exists a tightly coupled cyber-physical nature that makes a cyber-attack capable of not only exfiltrating sensitive data, but also manipulating safety-critical operations of the system. This manipulation can cause the train to experience unsafe conditions, potentially leading to derailments, explosions, and collisions. This makes it as important as ever to build in security and resilience at the earliest stages of design, making deployment infrastructure more safe, reliable, and predictable in a compromising environment. In this poster we demonstrate how to analyze the security and resilience of railway infrastructure by utilizing a domain specific simlation based framework. Our framework includes a simulation cluster with both transportation and network modeling capabilities, a graphical design studio to rapidly develop attack scenarios againt railway networks, and a results dashboard that includes real time visualization of various metrics. Additionally, we not only support software-in-the-loop, but have integrated a hardware-in-the-loop testbed to test realistic attacks that occur within the deployment environment. We illustrate the capabilities of our developed framework with a connected railway case study of the Washington D.C Metro rail network.
Design Analysis of Conventional and Composite Spur Gear Using Finite Element Method

Gears are power transmission element and which are used to change direction, angular speed and variation of torque. The spur gears are applied to transmit the power between two parallel shafts. This present work is based on the finite element analysis to investigate the variation of stresses along pitch line. In industry composite material gears are not used widely and also only theoretical and analytical stress calculations are presented for composite material gear which also lack in experimental and practical results. In this investigation spur gear is taken for actual loading condition that is power and torque transmission. The objective of the present work is to check feasibility of composite material spur gear over conventional material spur gear. The spur gear model is created using CREO and further investigation is done with the help of ANSYS 15.0 software. The experimental results are allowed for comparison of conventional spur gear and composite spur gear.