cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photochemical apparatus organization in the thylakoid membrane of Hordeum vulgare wild type and chlorophyll b-less chlorina f2 mutant

Abstract The stoichiometry of the electron-transport complexes and the chlorophyll (Chl) antenna size of the photosystems is correlated in chloroplasts from barley wild type and in the chlorophyll b-less chlorina f2 mutant. Chloroplasts from mutant plants displayed three characteristic changes in the organization of Photosystem I (PS I) and Photosystem II (PS II). (a) The light-harvesting antenna of PS II was lowered from about 250 Chl a + b in the wild type to only 50 Chl a molecules in the mutant. The light-harvesting antenna of PS I was lowered from about 185 Chl a + b in the wild type to about 150 Chl a molecules in the mutant. (b) The PS II PS I complex ratio was substantially higher, i.e., about 3.0, in the mutant vs. about 1.8 in the wild type. (c) Mutant chloroplasts lacked the differentiation of PS II into PS IIα and PS IIβ. The enhanced PS II PS I ratio is explained as a response of the plant to the lowered light-harvesting capacity of PS II in the mutant chloroplasts. The apparent lack of PS II heterogeneity in the thylakoid membrane of the chlorina f2 correlates with the absence of the Chl a b light-harvesting complex II (LHC II) (Percival, M.P., Webber, A.N. and Baker, N.R. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 767, 582–589) and suggests a difference in the amount of LHC II associated with PS IIα and PS IIβ.
Modeling Scholarly Inquiry: One Article at a Time

ABSTRACT Librarians at the University of Dubuque, in collaboration with writing center staff, created a project that incorporates critical thinking, ethical inquiry, and information literacy into a beginning composition class. A team of faculty, librarians, and writing tutors lead student peer groups as they write a research paper using common journal articles in support of a single thesis. Because a recent campus-wide ethics initiative frames this assignment, students examine topics which may challenge their existing beliefs. This article describes how the team conceived, implemented, and evaluated this project.
Simultaneous fabrication of PDMS through-holes for three-dimensional microfluidic applications

Here we describe a simple yet efficient approach to making through-holes in a bound polydimethylsiloxane membrane for use in 3D microfluidic applications. Localized tearing of an elastomeric membrane is achieved by ripping an elastomeric stamp that is bound to the membrane by posts at desired regions. The tears in the membrane are confined by the underlying channel architecture of the substrate to which the membrane is bound. By varying the membrane thickness and channel dimensions, holes of different sizes can be obtained. This high-throughput method of generating through-holes will enable the design of complex microfluidic devices that require crossing of channel networks.
Stability criteria for certain second-order delay differential equations with mixed coefficients

In this paper, we study asymptotic stability of the zero solution of the second-order linear delay differential equation: y''(t)=p1y'(t)+p2y'(t - τ)+q1y(t)+q2y(t - τ), where p1p2, q1, and q2 are constants with p1p2 ≥ 0 and q1q2 0 is a constant. In proving our results we make use of Pontryagin's theory of quasi-polynomials.
Genioglossus and Diaphragm Activity during Obstructive Apnea and Airway Occlusion in Infants

To document mechanisms contributing to upper airway collapse, we compared the electromyographic activity of the genioglossus (GG) and diaphragm (DIA) during spontaneous mixed and obstructive apnea and during induced end-expiratory airway occlusion in 11 premature infants. In addition to ventilation and esophageal pressure measurements, we obtained DIA and GG electromyograms (EMG) from subcostal and sublingual surface electrodes, respectively. Amplitude of the DIA EMG and the frequency of occurrence of the GG EMG were determined for: 1) the breath preceding apnea or occlusion, 2) the initial and last obstructed inspiratory efforts, and 3) the first breath at resolution of both apnea and occlusion. During spontaneous apnea with airway obstruction amplitude of the DIA, EMG decreased on the initial obstructed inspiratory effort and did not exceed that of the breath preceding apnea until reestablishment of flow. In contrast, during end-expiratory airway occlusion, the amplitude of the DIA EMG increased both during and at release of occlusion. In 18 +/- 6% of the spontaneous apneic episodes, GG EMG was present with the breath preceding apnea and this frequency did not increase significantly until resolution of the apnea. During induced airway occlusion, GG EMG was not present with the breath preceding occlusion but its frequency did increase to 58 +/- 8 and 42 +/- 8% with the last occluded inspiratory effort and the first breath after release of occlusion, respectively. The decreased presence of the GG EMG from the last occluded effort to the breath at release of occlusion (58 +/- 8 versus 42 +/- 8%, p less than 0.05) was probably due to the greater mechanoreceptor-mediated inhibition associated with reestablishment of flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
‘That Mysterious People’: Jewish Merchants, Transparency, and Community in Mid-Nineteenth Century America

In the mid-nineteenth century, American wholesalers began increasingly to rely on credit-reporting agencies to provide information about customers in distant localities. The demand for dependable information, coupled with the dynamism and competitiveness of the American market, helped usher into place a business culture that favored transparency and open networks. This article examines one group of merchants-immigrant Jews-whose traditions stood in contrast to the business elite's growing demand for disclosure.
MULTI-PARAGRAPH SEGMENTATION EXPOSITORY TEXT

This paper describes TextTiling, an algorithm for partitioning expository texts into coherent multi-paragraph discourse units which reflect the subtopic structure of the texts. The algorithm uses domain-independent lexical frequency and distribution information to recognize the interactions of multiple simultaneous themes. Two fully-implemented versions of the algorithm are described and shown to produce segmentation that corresponds well to human judgments of the major subtopic boundaries of thirteen lengthy texts.
Antenatal Prediction of ‘Small-for-Dates' Babies. What Proportion are Growth Retarded?

SummarySummaryThe number of low birth weight neonates (< 10th centile) that had objective neonatal evidence of intra-uterine malnutrition was studied prospectively. A fetal ‘weight for gestational age' centile chart nomogram was constructed retrospectively for the local population in an area of East Anglia. When the Norfolk and Norwich birth weight centiles (10th, 50th, 90th) for each week of pregnancy (29–40 weeks) were compared with national reference centile charts the local neonates were smaller by 0–250g (P< 0·01). Of 418 singleton deliveries at the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital in June 1989, 42 had birth weights below the 10th centile for that population. On paediatric assessment only 17 (40 per cent) of these had morphological features of intra-uterine growth retardation. These babies were associated with more operative deliveries and special care baby unit admissions (P < 0·001) than the rest of the 'small for dates' babies. The overall incidence of intra-uterine growth retardation for this populat...
Effects of a Single Dose of Direct-Fed Microbials on Performance of Stocker Calves Grazing Annual Cool-Season Grasses1

Previous research has shown that beef calves have less ADG during the first 3 wk of grazing winter wheat pastures. Three experiments were conducted to determine the impact of a single oral dose of direct-fed microbials (DFM) on the overall performance of stocker calves grazing annual cool-season grass pastures. Calves received 0 g (control) or 15 g (DFM) of a gelatinous paste that contained 10 million cfu of bacteria/g of product before initiation of grazing. Within an experiment, control and DFM calves were grazed together in the same pasture. In Exp. 1, steer calves (n = 241) grazed wheat pastures in the spring for 77 d. Calves in the DFM group gained more (P=0.02) BW than did calves in the control group. Experiments 2 and 3 were conducted in the fall. Heifers (n = 53; Exp. 2) and steers (n = 61; Exp. 3) grazed pastures containing a mixture of wheat, triticale, and annual ryegrass for 73 d (Exp. 2) and 83 d (Exp. 3). A single dose of DFM did not increase BW gains during the fall and winter grazing periods. Comparison of stocker performance during the spring and fall grazing periods was confounded by breed of calf, forage source, and seasonal differences in forage chemical composition. A single dose of DFM may improve performance of stocker calves grazing cool-season grasses in the spring, but daily feeding of DFM may be needed during the fall grazing period to overcome the greater plant concentrations of digestible DM and N.
LYSOSOMAL PHOSPHOLIPASES A1 AND A2 OF NORMAL AND BACILLUS CALMETTE GUERIN-INDUCED ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES

A single intravenous injection of 0.1 mg of heat-killed Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) in 0.1 ml of Bayol F produced an accumulation of activated alveolar macrophages (BCG induced). Cells were collected 3.5–4.0 wk after injection. Phospholipases A and three lysosomal marker enzymes (acid phosphatase, s-glucuronidase, and lysozyme) were measured in homogenates, and the distribution of the phospholipases A and lysosomal, mitochondrial, and microsomal marker enzymes were examined after sucrose gradient centrifugation of a postnuclear (1,000 g ) supernatant. Homogenates of normal and BCG-induced macrophages contained phospholipases A1 and A2 which had optimal activity at pH 4.0 in the presence of 2.0 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA). These activities were inhibited 50–70% by 2.0 mM CaCl2. Homogenates of BCG-induced macrophages had specific activities of s-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, and lysozyme, which were increased 1.5- to 3.0-fold over the controls, whether expressed as activity per mg protein or activity per 107 cells. The specific activities of the phospholipases A, on the other hand, were consistently lower than those of the control. Distribution of the phospholipases A and the lysosomal marker enzymes after sucrose gradient centrifugation suggested that the phospholipases A active at pH 4.0 in the presence of EDTA are of lysosomal origin since: ( a ) BCG treatment caused a selective increase in the density of particles which contained both the phospholipases A and three lysosomal marker enzymes; and ( b ) since the density of mitochondria and microsomes were not affected by BCG treatment. The increase in the density of lysosomes seen here may be related to previously described morphologic changes of BCG-induced alveolar macrophages.
Secure live migration of parallel applications using container-based virtual machines

A parallel application will terminate when a computational node fails. As the number of components in supercomputers increase and applications scale to use these systems, the mean time to failure decreases. Traditional fault tolerance approaches, such as checkpointing, are failing to scale. An alternative approach we explore in this paper is the use of VM-based live migration to move a process from a failing node to a healthy one to reduce the fault rate experienced by an application. We investigate the use of a virtualisation environment based on OpenVZ to perform live migrations of virtual machines on which multi-processor parallel applications are running. We explore the correctness, performance, security, and reliability of this approach along with the overhead of using OS-level virtualised systems for fault recovery. Our results confirm that it is possible to efficiently migrate virtual containers without affecting the correctness or completion of parallel applications.
AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF SALIVARY GLAND CHROMOSOMES BY THE REPLICA METHOD

A method for preparing replicas of salivary gland chromosomes for electron microscopy is described. Electron micrographs of these replicas show that the giant chromosomes are composed of a series of small granules of approximately equal size arranged transversely across the chromosome. In stretched preparations a linear network of filaments appears between the rows of granules. These fibers cannot be traced between corresponding granules of more than two consecutive rows. When the chromosomes are digested by desoxyribonuclease, these fibers disappear and only amorphous material remains between the bands. The characteristics of the strands suggest that they are artifacts produced when the chromosomes are stretched. The small granules are composed of desoxyribonucleic acid and at least one other component, probably a protein. The nucleic acid seems to lie at least in part on the surface of each granule.
Unusual infections of the nervous system in malignant lymphomas.

Infection of the nervous system by toxoplasma, cytomegalovirus and varicella-zoster virus is described in three adult patients with malignant lymphoma. Morphologic identification of these organisms in otherwise non-specific lesions is emphasized. Since such intercurrent infections are not usually diagnosed clinically in debiliated patients, their recognition at autopsy is important, particularly in view of the wide spread distribution of these organisms in normal population.
New stable IIR modeling of long FIR filters with low complexity

This paper presents a new efficient method for stable pole-zero modeling of long finite impulse response (FIR) filters. The proposed method is based on the formulation of a generalized system identification problem using the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) criterion. A computationally efficient MMSE solution is then derived by exploiting the structured matrices. The proposed method is general and applicable to cases with unequal numbers of poles and zeros. Compared with the generalized ARMA-Levinson algorithm, the proposed method has lower computational complexity without loss of accuracy. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The lucky few amidst economic decline: Distributional change in cote d'ivoire as seen through panel data sets, 1985–88

This article is an exploratory exercise in using panel data sets to investigate distributional change in Cote d'Ivoire during the second half of the 1980s. The panels made it possible to highlight and quantify mobility of the same households across poverty classes over time. We found that there were a lucky few who improved their standard of living amid general decline. Detailed investigations revealed that the lucky few were fairly numerous, and the probability of escaping poverty was quite high even for the very poorest. These lucky few were widespread regionally, although in some socio‐economic groupings the poor had higher chances of escaping poverty.
Retiform hemangioendothelioma: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) is a rare, recently described vascular neoplasm of low malignant potential. Methods: We report a case of RH of the foot of a 19-year-old white female. Histologically, the tumor grew as numerous elongated vessels resembling the shape of rete testis with involvement of the skin adnexal structures and subcutaneous adipose tissue. No dissection of collagen by small groups of endothelial cells was seen. Wide local excision was performed and the patient was healthy with no metastasis at 14 months follow-up. Results and Conclusions: Our case is discussed in the context of previously reported cases of RH; we also include a review of all cases of RH published to date.
On weight update saturation nonlinearities in LMS adaptation

The effect of a saturation-type nonlinearity in the weight update equation in least mean square (LMS) adaptation is investigated for a white Gaussian data model. Nonlinear difference equations that include the effect of a 1-e/sup -ax/ saturation-type nonlinearity on the update term driving the algorithm are derived for the weight first and second moments. A nonlinear difference equation for the mean norm is explicitly solved using a differential equation approximation and integration by quadratures. The steady-state second-moment weight behavior is evaluated approximately for the nonlinearity. Using these results, the tradeoff between the extent of weight update saturation, steady-state excess mean square error, and rate of algorithm convergence is studied. For the same steady-state misadjustment error, the tradeoff results are discussed. >
Active Perception and Exploratory Robotics

Most past and present work in machine perception has involved extensive static analysis of passively sampled data. However, it should be axiomatic that perception is not passive, but active. Furthermore, most past and current robotics research use rather rigid assumptions, models about the world, objects and their relationships. It is not so difficult to see that these assumptions, most of the time, in realistic situations do not hold, and hence, the robots do not perform to the designer’s expectations.
Bridge weigh-in-motion system development using superposition of dynamic truck/static bridge interaction

In this paper, we extend the development of a weigh- in- motion (WIM) system for use on in-service highway bridges. We consider the problem of using a bridge's elastic response due to a passing truck to estimate the unknown truck parameters axle spacing, speed, axle weights, and gross weight by minimizing the difference between measured deflection profiles and approximated ones. For this problem, the bridge is modeled as a static Euler beam, and the truck is modeled as two "quarter cars" which include a linear representation of the suspension dynamics. A general model of the truck is discussed which is a superposition of the solutions of the truck's equations of motion with parameters such as weight, natural frequencies, dampings, and initial conditions unknown. Three deflection measurements are taken along the beam over time, and an optimization routine is employed to estimate the values of the unknown truck parameters. A variety of different truck configurations are considered. With zero measurement noise in the data, the errors in the weight estimates were 0.3%. Measurement noise of different magnitudes up to 10 microns was then added to the data and the estimates of all truck parameters were within 1.5%.
Surface Roughening and Unstable Neck Formation in Faceted Particles: I, Experimental Results and Mechanisms

Experimental in situ TEM results described by Rankin and Boatner are surprising because they show initial neck formation between two isolated MgO particles, followed by neck rupture. A quantitative assessment of the original images shows that initial neck growth corresponds to material removed from the rounded edges which contact the neck, and that neck rupture transfers material directly from the neck to the adjacent faceted faces. During the initial neck growth process surface diffusion along the rounded edges of the crystals is apparently the dominant mass transport mechanism, and material is not transferred to the faceted faces because of the energy barrier associated with forming a new atomic layer on top of a faceted surface. This energy barrier can apparently be overcome when a curvature reversal at a facet/rough surface boundary creates a step which makes it possible to add one or more new atomic layers to the faceted face(s). This can move material away from the neck, and thus lead to neck rupture.
Defense against Side-Channel Power Analysis Attacks on Microelectronic Systems

Side-channel power analysis attacks have become a potent threat to the security of embedded cryptographic devices in microelectronic systems. In this paper, we present an overview of the various side-channel power analysis attacks and defenses (countermeasures) against side-channel power analysis attacks. We introduce these countermeasures and present analyses based on security strength, ease of integration with EDA flows, and hardware characteristics like area, performance and power consumption. This paper is intended as a stepping stone towards developing more practical security-centric design methods that can be efficiently integrated with existing commercially viable designs and EDA flows, resulting in secure as well as hardware optimal implementations of side-channel power analysis attack resistant cryptographic devices.
The role of thrombophilia in pregnancy.

Thrombotic disease is a major cause of peripartum morbidity and mortality worldwide. Development of thrombosis in pregnancy is multifactorial due to the physiologic changes of pregnancy—which induce a relative hypercoagulable state—as well as physical changes leading to increased stasis and also the effects of both the inherited and the acquired thrombophilias. In this review, we discuss the impact of each of these factors on the development of thrombosis as well as the evidence for the impact of pregnancy-associated thrombosis on pregnancy outcome. We then discuss the use of both prophylactic and therapeutic anticoagulation during pregnancy and the puerperium. We review the indications and dosing recommendations for administration of anticoagulation in a context of discussing the evidence including the lack of evidence and formal guidelines in this area. We briefly address the role of the new oral anticoagulants in pregnancy and conclude that significant further research in women with thrombophilias and pregnancy-associated thrombosis may help clarify the management of this condition in the future.
Making the Case for Improved Structural Design: Tornado Outbreaks of 2011

AbstractA total of 1,625 tornadoes occurred in the United States in 2011, resulting in economic losses that exceeded $25 billion. Two tornado outbreaks stand out because they caused more than half of those losses. The tornadoes that cut through Tuscaloosa, Alabama, on April 27 and Joplin, Missouri, on May 22 were responsible for a combined 223 fatalities and more than 13,000 damaged buildings in the two cities. Although the economic losses associated with tornado damage are well documented, the writers argue that the overall impact should encompass longer term, broader considerations such as the social disruption and psychological effects that impact communities. This paper examines observations by tornado damage assessment teams led by the first author in these two medium-sized cities and suggests that the evolution of building codes and past approaches to construction have led to conditions that made this extent of damage possible. The authors outline a multidisciplinary path forward that incorporates e...
Relationships and taxonomic status of Alternaria radicina, A. carotiincultae, and A. petroselini based upon morphological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics

Alternaria radicina, A. carotiincultae, and A. petroselini are closely related pathogens of umbel- liferous crops. Relationships among these fungi were determined based on growth rate, spore morphology, cultural characteristics, toxin production, and host range. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of these species, other species of Alternaria, and closely related fungi was also performed. A. pe- troselini was readily differentiated from A. radicina and A. carotiincultae on the basis of spore morphol- ogy, production of microsclerotia, host range, and RAPD analysis. Alternaria radicina and A. carotiincul- tae were considerably more similar to each other than to A. petroselini, but could be differentiated on the basis of growth rate, spore morphology, colony mor- phology, and, to a limited extent, RAPD analysis. When grown on media having a high nutritional con- tent, A. radicina produced a diffusible yellow pig- ment and crystals of the fungal metabolite radicinin. In contrast, A. carotiincultae produced little or no radicinin. However, when A. carotiincultae was grown on the same medium amended with radicinin, growth rate and colony and conidial morphology were more similar to those of A. radicina. These re- sults suggest that the morphological differences be- tween A. radicina and A. carotiincultae are due, at least in part, to radicinin production, and that these fungi are conspecific. Therefore, we propose that A. carotiincultae be considered a synonym of A. radicina.
Addition of Fluoride to Pit and Fissure Sealants-A Feasibility Study

A laboratory study was conducted to explore the possibility of imparting an anticariogenic property to the resins used as pit and fissure sealants via the addition of NaF to the materials. The addition of NaF in amounts of 2 to 5% appreciably reduced enamel solubility and increased its fluoride content without impairment of physical properties.
Characterizing the interaction between the bogus yucca moth and yuccas: do bogus yucca moths impact yucca reproductive success?

Yucca moths are most well known for their obligate pollination mutualism with yuccas, where pollinator moths provide yuccas with pollen and, in exchange, the moth larvae feed on a subset of the developing yucca seeds. The pollinators, however, comprise only two of the three genera of yucca moths. Members of the third genus, Prodoxus, are the “bogus yucca moths” and are sister to the pollinator moths. Adult Prodoxus lack the specialized mouthparts used for pollination and the larvae feed on plant tissues other than seeds. Prodoxus larvae feed within the same plants as pollinator larvae and have the potential to influence yucca reproductive success directly by drawing resources away from flowers and fruit, or indirectly by modifying the costs of the mutualism with pollinators. We examined the interaction between the scape-feeding bogus yucca moth, Prodoxus decipiens, and one of its yucca hosts, Yucca filamentosa, by comparing female reproductive success of plants with and without moth larvae. We determined reproductive success by measuring a set of common reproductive traits such as flowering characteristics, seed set, and seed germination. In addition, we also quantified the percent total nitrogen in the seeds to determine whether the presence of larvae could potentially reduce seed quality. Flowering characteristics, seed set, and seed germination were not significantly different between plants with and without bogus yucca moth larvae. In contrast, the percent total nitrogen content of seeds was significantly lower in plants with P. decipiens larvae, and nitrogen content was negatively correlated with the number of larvae feeding within the inflorescence scape. Surveys of percent total nitrogen at three time periods during the flowering and fruiting of Y. filamentosa also showed that larval feeding decreased the amount of nitrogen in fruit tissue. Taken together, the results suggest that although P. decipiens influences nitrogen distribution in Y. filamentosa, this physiological effect does not appear to impact the female components of reproductive success.
Design of LMT: a prolog-based machine translation system

LMT (logic-based machine translation) is an experimental English-to-German MT system, being developed in the framework of logic programming. The English analysis uses a logic grammar formalism, Modular Logic Grammar, which allows logic grammars to be more compact, and which has a modular treatment of syntax, lexicon, and semantics. The English grammar is written independently of the task of translation. LMT uses a syntax transfer method for translation, although the English syntactic analysis trees contain some results of semantic choices and show deep grammatical relations. Semantic type checking with Prolog inference is done during analysis and transfer. The transfer algorithm uses logical variables and unification to good advantage; transfer works in a simple left-to-right, top-down way. After transfer, the German syntactic generation component produces a surface structure tree by application of a system of tree transformations. These transformations use an augmentation of Prolog pattern matching. LMT has a single lexicon, containing both source and transfer information, as well as some idiosyncratic target morphological information. There is a compact external format for this lexicon, with a lexical preprocessing system that applies defaults and compiles it into an internal format convenient for the syntactic components. During lexical preprocessing, English morphological analysis can be coupled with rules that synthesize new transfer entries.
Effects of sampling on closed form bandlimited signal interval interpolation.

A bandlimited signal is to be recovered over a finite interval. There are two closed form sampling theorem-type algorithms that can perform this restoration. This paper explores the effects of sampling rate on the restoration uncertainty. Increasing the amount of data near the interpolation interval can either increase or decrease the restoration noise level. In the former case, there is an optimum sampling rate. In the latter, the reduction can be only slight.
Measuring academic Self-Concept in children: A comparison of two scales

While numerous studies attest to a relationship between academic self-concept and achievement, a variety of measures of self-concept have been used, and the equivalence of these instruments has received limited attention. In this investigation, the Self-Concept of Ability Scale (SCAS) and the newer and less examined Self-Perception of Attainment Scale (SPAS) were compared for their ability to predict achievement in reading as measured by the California Achievement Test (CAT). We predicted that: (a) both scales would be significant predictors of reading achievement, (b) when used as single predictors, the SCAS would have significantly greater weight than the SPAS, and (c) a linear combination of these scales would have greater weight than either scale alone. Using 187 eighth-grade students, we confirmed that both scales were significant predictors of achievement in reading and that a linear combination of the two accounted for more variance than either scale alone. We did not find, however, that the SCAS was a significantly better predictor than the SPAS.
Comparative Proteomics of Mouse Tears and Saliva: Evidence from Large Protein Families for Functional Adaptation

We produced a tear proteome of the genome mouse, C57BL/6, that contained 139 different protein identifications: 110 from a two-dimensional (2D) gel with subsequent trypsin digestion, 19 from a one-dimensional (1D) gel with subsequent trypsin digestion and ten from a 1D gel with subsequent Asp-N digestion. We compared this tear proteome with a C57BL/6 mouse saliva proteome produced previously. Sixteen of the 139 tear proteins are shared between the two proteomes, including six proteins that combat microbial growth. Among the 123 other tear proteins, were members of four large protein families that have no counterparts in humans: Androgen-binding proteins (ABPs) with different members expressed in the two proteomes, Exocrine secreted peptides (ESPs) expressed exclusively in the tear proteome, major urinary proteins (MUPs) expressed in one or both proteomes and the mouse-specific Kallikreins (subfamily b KLKs) expressed exclusively in the saliva proteome. All four families have members with suggested roles in mouse communication, which may influence some aspect of reproductive behavior. We discuss this in the context of functional adaptation involving tear and saliva proteins in the secretions of mouse lacrimal and salivary glands, respectively.
Scattering in cell model field theories

A class of Hamiltonian model field theories having genuine interaction effects, and which are nonrenormalizable in the traditional sense, have been shown to describe scattering. Although the models do not have particle production in the true sense, an interchange can occur among two species of particles. The limit of the Hamiltonian as the interaction is turned off differs fundamentally from the free Hamiltonian, constructed from the classical Hamiltonian by the correspondence principle.
Highly stretchable wrinkled gold thin film wires

With the growing prominence of wearable electronic technology, there is a need to improve the mechanical reliability of electronics for more demanding applications. Conductive wires represent a vital component present in all electronics. Unlike traditional planar and rigid electronics, these new wearable electrical components must conform to curvilinear surfaces, stretch with the body, and remain unobtrusive and low profile. In this paper, the piezoresistive response of shrink induced wrinkled gold thin films under strain demonstrates robust conductive performance in excess of 200% strain. Importantly, the wrinkled metallic thin films displayed negligible change in resistance of up to 100% strain. The wrinkled metallic wires exhibited consistent performance after repetitive strain. Importantly, these wrinkled thin films are inexpensive to fabricate and are compatible with roll to roll manufacturing processes. We propose that these wrinkled metal thin film wires are an attractive alternative to conventional wires for wearable applications.
Spinal cord monitoring during operative correction of neuromuscular scoliosis

We report our experience of the monitoring of spinal somatosensory evoked potentials in 60 patients with neuromuscular scoliosis. In 15 cases a significant change occurred in the trace when a sublaminar wire was tightened. There were no postoperative neurological deficits attributable to the surgery.
Littoral Drift and Erosion at Belle Pass, Louisiana

Channel enlargement and modifications to the jetties at Belle Pass, the mouth of Bayou Lafourche on the Gulf coast of Louisiana, had become necessary due to increased marine traffic by offshore oil and mining production and the fishing industry, along with the proposed development of nearby Port Fourchon. Permission for construction, required by the Corps of Engineers, was granted after map and aerial photo studies, field observations, and hydraulic model experiments showed that beach erosion, and especially littoral bypassing, would be insignificantly affected by extension to the existing single jetty and construction of a new twin jetty. The average annual recession rate of the coastline in the Belle Pass area between 1885 and 1932 was 79 ft/yr (24m/yr). After construction of the first jetties in 1940, this rate gradually decreased to 25 ft/yr (8 m/yr) by 1974. Most littoral material bypasses the jetties due to inefficient orientation to the present shore line. Field tracking of subsurface floats provided data to calibrate a small, distorted-scale model.
Chronic (Ten Years) Ischial Tuberosity Avulsion Fracture Nonunion Treated with Fragment Excision and Simultaneous Primary Repair of the Hamstring Tendon: A Case Report.

Ischial tuberosity avulsion fractures are infrequent injuries that primarily affect adolescent athletes1-8. Ischial avulsions can be easily mistaken for hamstring injuries and therefore missed on initial presentation1,6. Whereas some of these fractures heal spontaneously, they often can progress to painful nonunion1,2,9,10. Painful nonunion of an ischial avulsion fracture is generally treated operatively with open reduction and internal fixation. To our knowledge, three years is the longest time span reported in the literature between ischial tuberosity avulsion fracture injury and nonunion repair1,2,8,9,11,12. We present a case of a chronic ischial tuberosity avulsion fracture nonunion with a ten-year delay between the initial injury and definitive surgical management via fragment excision and primary hamstring repair. This case report presents a viable option for repair of chronic, painful ischial tuberosity avulsion nonunion. Furthermore, it demonstrates that patients can benefit from this procedure, even after an extensive interval from the index injury. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and she provided consent. A twenty-seven-year-old professional skater presented with chronic pain in the right buttock. She reported that the pain had intensified after reinjuring the buttock during a roller derby scrimmage three weeks prior to presentation. Pertinent past medical history included an ischial avulsion fracture diagnosed ten years prior at an outside institution, which had been treated conservatively. Of note, she had experienced chronic pain in the ischial region throughout her adult life. On physical examination, she had tenderness posteriorly and medially over the ischium. She had pain with resisted leg extension and resisted knee flexion, and decreased range of motion at the hip. There was no tenderness in the …
Quantification of mammary organoid toxicant response and mammary tissue motility using OCT fluctuation spectroscopy(Conference Presentation)

Mammary epithelial cell (MEC) organoids in 3D culture recapitulate features of breast ducts in vivo. OCT has the ability to monitor the evolution of MEC organoids non-invasively and longitudinally. The anti-cancer drug Doxorubicin (Dox) is able to inhibit proliferation of cancer cells and has been widely used for chemotherapy of breast cancers; while environmental toxins implicated in breast cancer such as estrogen regulates mammary tumor growth and stimulates the proliferation and metastatic potential of breast cancers. Here we propose a quantitative method for measuring motility of breast cells in 3D cultures based upon OCT speckle fluctuation spectroscopy. The metrics of the inverse power-law exponent (α) and fractional modulation amplitude (M) were extracted from speckle fluctuation spectra. These were used to quantify the responses of MEC organoids to Dox, and estrogen. We investigated MEC organoids comprised of two different MEC lines: MCF10DCIS.com exposed to Dox, and MCF7 exposed to estrogen. We found an increase (p<0.001) in α of MEC along time (t=0, 1 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours and 6 days) at each dose of Dox (0, 1 μM and 10 μM), indicating lower fluctuation intensity at higher frequencies. We also observed a decrease (p<0.001) in M for increasing time. However, both α and M of MCF7 treated with estrogen (0, 1 nM and 10 nM) exhibited the opposite trend along time. This novel technology provides rapid and non-invasive measurements of the effects of toxicants on MEC motility for understanding breast cancer development and assessing anti-cancer drugs.
Toward a unifying constitutive relation for sediment transport across environments

Abstract Landscape evolution models typically parse the environment into different process domains, each with its own sediment transport law: e.g., soil creep, landslides and debris flows, and river bed-load and suspended-sediment transport. Sediment transport in all environments, however, contains many of the same physical ingredients, albeit in varying proportions: grain entrainment due to a shear force, that is a combination of fluid flow, particle-particle friction and gravity. We present a new take on the perspective originally advanced by Bagnold, that views the long profile of a hillsope-river-shelf system as a continuous gradient of decreasing granular friction dominance and increasing fluid drag dominance on transport capacity. Recent advances in understanding the behavior and regime transitions of dense granular systems suggest that the entire span of granular-to-fluid regimes may be accommodated by a single-phase rheology. This model predicts a material-flow effective friction (or viscosity) that changes with the degree of shear rate and confining pressure. We present experimental results confirming that fluid-driven sediment transport follows this same rheology, for bed and suspended load. Surprisingly, below the apparent threshold of motion we observe that sediment particles creep, in a manner characteristic of glassy systems. We argue that this mechanism is relevant for both hillslopes and rivers. We discuss the possibilities of unifying sediment transport across environments and disciplines, and the potential consequences for modeling landscape evolution.
Temperature and Thickness Dependent Mechanical Properties of Ti/Ni Multilayer Thin Films

Strong temperature and thickness dependent mechanical properties of Ti/Ni multilayer thin films have been observed with layer thickness from 200 nm to 6 nm and annealing temperature from room temperature to 500 °C. The as-deposited case follows the traditional trend of dislocation mediated-strengthening to grain boundary mediated-softening with decreasing layer thickness. Initial thermal strengthening of multilayers is achieved by annealing induced grain boundary relaxation. This strengthening is found to increase with decreasing layer thickness and increasing annealing temperature. Further strengthening could be achieved due to solid solution of diffused atoms and Ti-Ni intermetallic precipitates for multilayers with thin layer, while obvious softening has been observed for multilayers with thick layer due to recrystallization and grain growth.
18 Further Developments

This chapter highlights some further developments in the representation theory of finite monoids whose detailed treatment is beyond the scope of this text. No proofs are presented.
Infundibular Outpouchings of Intracranial Arteries

Differentiating “infundibula” from true aneurysms is a common source of consternation for radiologists. Infundibula are typically considered “don’t touch” lesions that are incidental, being most commonly located at the posterior communicating artery (PcoA) origin of the internal carotid artery (ICA) in 7–25 % of the population; the vast majority do not rupture over time. Histologically, the findings have varied. Some smaller studies have shown defects similar to aneurysms within the media, and occasionally defects of the internal elastic lamina, but other studies have shown no difference from normal arterial bifurcations. Several criteria can be used to differentiate an infundibulum from an aneurysm, but there can be a slight overlap between the two, particularly at the PcoA origin, and there is still debate as to how commonly aneurysms arise from infundibula, an event that has been shown (rarely) to occur many years later.
Fiscal Federalism in Bosnia-Herzegovina: The Dayton Challenge

If the only solution tried for customs corruption and evasion in a developing country is to outsource certain customs functions to a pre-shipment inspection (PSI) company, PSI will prove more of a fiscal burden than a panacea. PSI works best in countries where the customs service already performs fairly well - by reducing the costs of catching evaders. Typically a developing country's customs service brings in a large share of its revenues and accounts for an even larger share of its corruption. One prescription popular among development agencies for reducing corruption and customs evasion by importers has been to outsource certain customs functions to pre-shipment inspection (PSI) companies. More than 35 countries employ PSI as a second-best solution to corruption in customs collection. But whether PSI companies are an effective alternative to comprehensive civil service reform has been widely questioned. The success of PSI contracts depends on the institutional environment - the formal and informal rules of enforcement that affect different agents' incentives - but the reasons for PSI's success or failure in different institutional settings have not been well understood. Johnson presents a simple model highlighting the principal-agent problems in a typical PSI contract. Based on his conclusions, he suggests that PSI should be thought of less as a second-best alternative to customs reform (in countries where the customs service performs poorly) than as a cost-effective complement to reforms in intermediate cases (countries where the customs service already performs fairly well). PSI could help in these intermediate cases by reducing the costs of catching evaders. This would make it easier for the ministry of finance to maintain separate reforms to eliminate corruption between customs and importers. In countries where the customs service is powerful - is highly independent and controls the country's borders - and where the government does not have the institutional ability to put through the complementary reforms essential for using PSI successfully, introducing a PSI contract will add to the burdens of public finance rather than provide the hoped-for panacea. This paper - a joint product of the Ukraine/Belarus Country Unit, Europe and Central Asia Region, and the Public Sector Management Division, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to better understand the challenges posed by institutional reform and development.
Photorefractive mutually pumped phase conjugators

In this paper, we review the theoretical development, various experimental configurations and applications of mutually pumped phase conjugators in photorefractive materials.
A Simpler and More Generalizable Story Detector using Verb and Character Features.

Story detection is the task of determining whether or not a unit of text contains a story. Prior approaches achieved a maximum performance of 0.66 F1, and did not generalize well across different corpora. We present a new state-of-the-art detector that achieves a maximum performance of 0.75 F1 (a 14% improvement), with significantly greater generalizability than previous work. In particular, our detector achieves performance above 0.70 F1 across a variety of combinations of lexically different corpora for training and testing, as well as dramatic improvements (up to 4,000%) in performance when trained on a small, disfluent data set. The new detector uses two basic types of features–ones related to events, and ones related to characters–totaling 283 specific features overall; previous detectors used tens of thousands of features, and so this detector represents a significant simplification along with increased performance.
Charity and Usury: Reunified

This chapter attempts to recreate the primordial link between charity and usury and argues that neither concept can be understood independent of the other. The chapter traces the essential relationship between charity and usury that existed in the intellectual discourse of ancient traditions and the theology of the Old and New Testaments. This relationship was gradually severed with the rise of modern secular thought. By examining Islamic scripture and theology, we reunite charity and usury in the context of this past tradition, thus enlightening us to the fundamental contrast between the two concepts and the respective worldviews that they represent.
Stitching impedance analysis of LPDDR power plane split and its impact to radio frequency interference (RFI) and signal integrity (SI)

This paper presents low-power double data rate 5 (LPDDR5) power plane stitching impedance impact to radio frequency interference (RFI) and Signal Integrity (SI). LPDDR5 power plane split causes RFI and SI degradation, but can be mitigated through appropriate power plane stitching impedance. It is found that stitching capacitor's impedance needs to be less than 10 ohm to minimize RFI and SI degradation. With stitching impedance as low as 0.5 ohm, (a) RFI is suppressed by ∼20dB, (b) near end and far end crosstalk (NEXT and FEXT) are reduced by ∼45mV, while (c) eye height (EH) and eye width (EW) improved by 57mV and 31ps respectively. These findings are helpful in improving radio performance of the system and increasing the LPDDR memory speed bin of mobile device.
Technology-Assisted Counseling for Couples and Families:

Examines current literature on technology-assisted counseling for couples and families. The authors offer a critique of current technology-assisted practices for couples and families and in additio...