cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biodistribution of 18F-FES in patients with metastatic ER+ breast cancer undergoing treatment with Rintodestrant (G1T48), a novel selective estrogen receptor degrader.

16α-18F-fluoro-17β-estradiol (18F-FES) is a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer characterizing the expression of the estrogen receptor (ER). As therapy can interfere with the kinetics and biodistribution of 18F-FES, the aim of this study was to describe the biodistribution of 18F-FES in patients with metastatic ER+ breast cancer undergoing treatment with rintodestrant (G1T48), a novel selective ER degrader. Methods: Eight patients underwent 18F-FES PET/CT imaging at baseline, 4-6 weeks during treatment with rintodestrant (interim) and after treatment. After intravenous administration of 200 MBq (+/- 10%) 18F-FES, a 50-min dynamic PET/CT scan of the thorax was performed, followed by a whole body PET/CT scan 60 min post-injection. Blood samples were drawn for measuring whole blood and plasma activity concentration and the parent fraction of 18F-FES. Volumes of interest (VOIs) were placed in the aorta ascendens and in healthy tissues on both dynamic and whole body PET scans. Standard uptake values (SUVs) and target-to-blood ratios (TBR) were calculated. Area under the curves (AUCs) of input functions and time-activity curves were calculated as a measure of uptake in different regions. Results:18F-FES concentration in whole blood (and plasma) significantly (P <0.05) increased at interim with median AUCs of 96.6, 116.6 and 110.3 at baseline, interim and after treatment, respectively. In ER expressing tissues, i.e. the uterus and the pituitary gland, both SUV and TBR showed high 18F-FES uptake at baseline, followed by a decrease in uptake at interim (uterus: SUV -50.6% and TBR -58.5%, pituitary gland: SUV -39.0% and TBR -48.3%) which tended to return to baseline values after treatment (uterus: SUV -21.5% and TBR -37.9%, pituitary gland: SUV -14.2% and TBR -26.0%, compared to baseline). In other healthy tissues, tracer uptake remained stable over the 3 time-points. Conclusion: The biodistribution of 18F-FES is altered in blood and in ER expressing healthy tissues during therapy with rintodestrant. This indicates that rintodestrant alters the kinetics of the tracer which could affect interpretation and quantification of 18F-FES uptake. Of note, ≥6 days after ending treatment with rintodestrant, the biodistribution returned to baseline values, consistent with recovery of ER availability after wash-out of the drug.
The Blank-Verse Tradition from Milton to Stevens: Freethinking and the Crisis of Modernity

Introduction: blank-verse freethinking and its opponents 1. 'In wand'ring mazes lost': skepticism and poetry in Milton's infernal conclave (Paradise Lost, Book 2) 2. 'With serpent error wand'ring found thir way': Milton's counterplot revisited (Paradise Lost, Book 7) 3. 'Man's mortality': Milton after Wordsworth (Paradise Lost, Book 10) 4. 'These beauteous forms': 'Tintern Abbey' and the post-Enlightenment religious crisis 5. 'Knowledge not purchased by the loss of power': Wordsworth's meditation on books and death in Book 5 of The Prelude 6. 'Who shall save?' Shelley's quest for the Absolute in A Defence of Poetry and Alastor 7. Keats and the dilemmas of modernity in the Hyperion poems 8. 'Of happy men that have the power to die': Tennyson's 'Tithonus' 9. Stevens' anatomy Bibliography.
Beauchaine ontogenic process model of externalizing psychopathology a biosocial theory of crime and delinquency

Abstract Purpose Leading criminologists have observed that criminology has much to learn from the developmental psychopathology literature which traces the temperamental and developmental factors that give rise to conduct problems early in life. Methods This article reviewed and applied what is arguably the dominant biosocial theory in developmental psychopathology relevant to crime and delinquency — the Beauchaine Ontogenic Process Model of externalizing psychopathology. Results The model is based on the finding from numerous studies that early-starting male antisocial behavior that tends to be life course persistent begins with temperamental trait impulsivity as the core predisposing biological vulnerability which is first manifested in preschool in its most extreme expression in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; followed by Oppositional Defiant Disorder in elementary school, development of Conduct Disorder in middle school, Substance Use Disorder in high school, and criminality in adulthood. Conclusions Prevention of the development of the antisocial trajectory begins with the identification and treatment of preschool ADHD.
MDCT and clinicopathological features of small bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumours in 102 patients: a single institute experience.

Objective:Small bowel (SB) is the second most common site of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs). We evaluated clinical presentation, pathology, imaging features and metastatic pattern of SB GIST.Methods:Imaging and clinicopathological data of 102 patients with jejunal/ileal GIST treated at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital (Boston, MA) between 2002 and 2013 were evaluated. Imaging of treatment-naive primary tumour (41 patients) and follow-up imaging in all patients was reviewed.Results:90/102 patients were symptomatic at presentation, abdominal pain and lower gastrointestinal blood loss being the most common symptoms. On pathology, 21 GISTs were low risk, 17 were intermediate and 64 were high risk. The mean tumour size was 8.5 cm. On baseline CT (n = 41), tumours were predominantly well circumscribed, exophytic and smooth/mildly lobulated in contour. Of 41 tumours, 16 (39%) were homogeneous, whereas 25 (61%) were heterogeneous. Of the 41 tumours, cystic/necrotic areas (Ho...
Graphical Tools for RFLP Measurement Quality Assurance: Single-Locus Charts

Forensic restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses typically provide two results for each sample, one result for each unique allele, at each genetic locus probed. In collaboration with the member laboratories of the Technical Working Group for DNA Analysis Methods, we have developed graphical techniques that compactly summarize even large numbers of such paired measurements. This paper provides a detailed description of the basic tool, a modified bivariate control chart for data from one sample at one locus. We demonstrate how various modifications and combinations of these “single-locus charts” can be used for within- and among-laboratory quality assurance activities.
23 – Eating Disorders

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the socio-cultural aspects of eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating-related behavior problems. These disorders have become a new concern recently, particularly among societies in western Europe and North America, due to the relative increase in their prevalence in the past several decades. Associated with the increased sociocultural emphasis on slimness in Western societies, eating disorders are considered closely related to such cultural concerns over body weight and image. Some cultural psychiatrists have even speculated that eating disorders are Western culture-related specific psychiatric syndromes. There are also notions that eating disorders are rising in some non-Western regions and that the increased prevalence is beginning to attract attention. One of the reasons cited for these increases is the increased awareness of such disease entities, and the rising tendency to disclose and diagnose eating disorders. Another explanation is the genuine increase of such disorders due to the tendency to improve one's health, changes in food consumption, a decrease in physical work, and a resulting increase in body weight, which are observed rather universally in association with modernization. Another frequent explanation is the influence of the Western cultural attitudes toward exposing the body and an emphasis on body image and sexual attraction, and the view that slimness is beautiful, sexually attractive, and healthy. In addition to the influences of modernization and Western culture, the impact of migration should also be considered. Several studies have indicated that immigrants' adolescent children, who migrated to Western societies from non-Western societies, tend to have a relatively higher prevalence of eating disorders higher than the adolescents of the hosting society or the immigrants' home country.
Measuring the bias, precision, accuracy, and validity of self-reported height and weight in assessing overweight and obesity status among adolescents using a surveillance system.

Evidence regarding bias, precision, and accuracy in adolescent self-reported height and weight across demographic subpopulations is lacking. The bias, precision, and accuracy of adolescent self-reported height and weight across subpopulations were examined using a large, diverse and representative sample of adolescents. A second objective was to develop correction equations for self-reported height and weight to provide more accurate estimates of body mass index (BMI) and weight status. A total of 24,221 students from 8th and 11th grade in Texas participated in the School Physical Activity and Nutrition (SPAN) surveillance system in years 2000–2002 and 2004–2005. To assess bias, the differences between the self-reported and objective measures, for height and weight were estimated. To assess precision and accuracy, the Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient was used. BMI was estimated for self-reported and objective measures. The prevalence of students’ weight status was estimated using self-reported and objective measures; absolute (bias) and relative error (relative bias) were assessed subsequently. Correction equations for sex and race/ethnicity subpopulations were developed to estimate objective measures of height, weight and BMI from self-reported measures using weighted linear regression. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of weight status classification using self-reported measures and correction equations are assessed by sex and grade. Students in 8th- and 11th-grade overestimated their height from 0.68cm (White girls) to 2.02 cm (African-American boys), and underestimated their weight from 0.4 kg (Hispanic girls) to 0.98 kg (African-American girls). The differences in self-reported versus objectively-measured height and weight resulted in underestimation of BMI ranging from -0.23 kg/m2 (White boys) to -0.7 kg/m2 (African-American girls). The sensitivity of self-reported measures to classify weight status as obese was 70.8% and 81.9% for 8th- and 11th-graders, respectively. These estimates increased when using the correction equations to 77.4% and 84.4% for 8th- and 11th-graders, respectively. When direct measurement is not practical, self-reported measurements provide a reliable proxy measure across grade, sex and race/ethnicity subpopulations of adolescents. Correction equations increase the sensitivity of self-report measures to identify prevalence of overall overweight/obesity status.
Storage of catecholamines in the heart. Effect of amine oxidase inhibitors.

Abstract Storage and release of catecholamines in the isolated heart and the heart in vivo were investigated. The addition of DOPA to the perfusion fluid of a heart-lung preparation markedly increased the catecholamine concentration of the isolated heart. In vivo , the combination of iproniazid and DOPA had the same effect. Iproniazid alone failed to influence myocardial amine concentration. Nicotine raised the catecholamine concentration in heart muscle; electrically induced tachycardia failed to lower the catecholamine content of the heart in vivo ; reserpine caused a marked reduction. The reasons for the absence of a pharmacologic effect of the stored catecholamines are discussed.
13C NMR studies of CO adsorbed on supported rhodium catalysts: Effects of alkali promotion

Abstract Changes in the chemical properties of silica-supported Rh catalysts on potassium promotion are observed in the 13 C NMR spectra of adsorbed CO. Catalysts prepared by incipient wetness with 2.5% Rh loading and Rh: K ratios of 1:0, 3 : 1, and 1 : 3 show relatively constant CO adsorption site character but have large changes in relative populations of linear, bridging, isolated dicarbonyl, and metal-bound CO. Back-bonded metal electrons on CO produce a Gaussian peak near 275 ppm and indicate a transition to metallic behavior of the underlying Rh at high promotion levels. Purely electrostatic effects are shown to be too small to cause the shifts reported for IR and NMR peak positions. Alkali promotion inhibits the breakup of Rh particles and formation of isolated dicarbonyl sites during CO adsorption, probably by the conversion of surface -OH groups to -OK groups.
Motivational and emotional consequences of self-engagement: Voting in the 2000 U.S. presidential election

The role played by self-engagement in the prediction and consequences of goal-directed behavior was examined. Components of the Triangle Model of Responsibility were measured 4 days prior to the 2000 U.S. presidential election, and reported voting and reactions to the election were measured the day after the election. In support of the model, engagement in voting was highest when the guidelines for voting were perceived as clear, when the individual perceived personal control over voting, when the individual perceived voting as relevant to his or her role as a citizen, and when who won the election was important to the individual. Engagement in voting was strongly related to reports of actually voting in the election, and completely mediated the relationship between the other predictors and reported voting. Engagement was also related to a variety of behavioral activities (e.g., watching the presidential and vice-presidential debates, staying up late to watch the election results) indicative of investment in the election. Finally, being engaged in the act of voting prior to the election was strongly related to being in a heightened state of uncertainty and anxiety as a function of not knowing the outcome of the election. The importance of self-engagement in predicting behavior and emotional consequences to behavior is discussed.
Microscopical Observations of the Abrasive and Ultraviolet Deterioration of Nomex® Aramid Fiber:

Nomex® trousers which had been worn by Army helicopter personnel were compared in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to material which was ultraviolet-(uv-) irradiated and/or Accelerotor-abraded. Samples which were both uv-irradiated and abraded had greater strength loss and more fiber surface damage. Wear initiated through peeling, either on the fiber surface or along cracks that formed in the depressed center of the “dogbone” shaped fiber. Short fibrillation eventually caused fiber severing. The Accelerotor reproduced the individual fiber damage observed in field-worn Nomex, but distribution of wear within damaged yarns was different. SEM examination revealed thatuv radiation aggravated the decomposition and gas formation in Nomex fiber ends which had been exposed to a singeing flame, resulting in burst bubbles with rough surfaces and jagged edges. This condition is thought to be associated with reported tactile discomfort with original production lots which had been singed. Fiber-fracture patterns ...
Waveguide-based metatronics

Plasmonic phenomena, such as surface plasmon polariton (SPP) and the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), occur in structures that involve materials with negative permittivity (i.e., epsilon-negative (ENG) media). In the infrared and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, materials with ENG properties are available. The examples include noble metals such as Ag and Au, transparent conducting oxides (TCO) such as indium tin oxide (ITO), and silicon carbide (SiC). However, in the low frequency regimes such as radio frequency (RF) and microwaves metals behave effectively as very good (and approximately perfect) conductors. Therefore, effects related to the plasmonic optics may not be naturally observable in the RF and microwave domains. Nevertheless, it is possible to engineer microwave metamaterials with plasmonic properties. One of the methods is the use of structural dispersion in the guided-wave structures [C. Della Giovampaola and N. Engheta, “Waveguide Metamaterials”, presented at the 7th International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwave and Optics (Metamaterials 2013), Bordeaux, France, September 16–21, 2013). Using this technique, in our earlier work we showed how one could achieve some of the plasmonic features, e.g., SPP, cloaking, ENZ, and related effects using materials all with positive permittivity functions.
Going Back: The Social Contract of the Public University

In a recent issue of this journal, John Rury encouraged historians of education to forge stronger ties to the broader community of education researchers and practitioners.1 John Aubrey Douglass's new work on the history of admissions policies at the University of California provides a model for historians who are interested in this relationship between the stories of the past and the challenges of the present. Douglass began his investigation of the development of UC admissions after being commissioned to draft a policy brief by the university's academic senate. Noting that the University of California Board of Regents has cited the system's "historic commitment" to college access, Douglass suggests that this history can play a particularly powerful role in
Systematic Benchmarking of Aerial Image Segmentation

This letter presents a benchmarking study for aerial image segmentation. We construct an image data set consisting of various aerial scenes. Segmentations generated by different human subjects are used as ground truth. We analyze the consistency between segmentations from different subjects. We select six leading segmentation algorithms, which include not only the algorithms specifically designed for aerial images but also more generally applicable algorithms. We also select a recently proposed algorithm due to its promising performance in handling texture regions. We apply these algorithms to the aerial image data set and quantitatively evaluate their performance. We interpret the evaluation results based on the characteristics of algorithms, which provide general guidance for selecting proper algorithms in specific applications.
Perforated adenocarcinoma of the appendix during pregnancy

Abstract Ruptured appendicitis was suspected in a primigravid woman at 31 week's gestation. Invasive adenocarcinoma of the appendix was diagnosed pathologically. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case during pregnancy.
Microcomputer applications in space-borne instruments

Abstract Although microprocessors have been available for over 10 years, they were not used extensively in the space science community for a variety of technical and management reasons until the mid 1970's. The recent applications of microprocessors to space experiments at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) are presented. Closing comments discuss some of the lessons learned from these applications.
A test of the gambler's fallacy: Evidence from pari-mutuel games

The “gambler's fallacy” is the belief that the probability of an event is decreased when the event has occurred recently, even though the probability is objectively known to be independent across trials. Clotfelter and Cook (1991, 1993) find evidence of the gambler's fallacy in analysis of data from the Maryland lottery's“Pick 3” numbers game. In the Maryland lottery, the payout to all numbers is equal at $250 on a winning fifty-cent bet, so the gambler's fallacy betting strategy costs bettors nothing. This article looks at the importance of the gambler's fallacy in the New Jersey lottery's three-digit numbers game, a pari-mutuel game where a lower amount of total wagering on a number increases the payout to that number. Results indicate that the gambler's fallacy exists among bettors in New Jersey, although to a lesser extent than among those in Maryland.
A method for correcting standard-based real-time PCR DNA quantitation when the standard’s polymerase reaction efficiency is significantly different from that of the unknown’s

Standard-based real-time or quantitative polymerase chain reaction quantitation of an unknown sample’s DNA concentration (i.e., [DNA]unk) assumes that the concentration dependence of the standard and unknown reactions (related to reaction efficiency, E) are equivalent. In our work with background food-borne organisms which can interfere with pathogen detection, we have found that it is generally possible to achieve an acceptable E (1 ± 0.05) for standard solutions by optimizing the PCR conditions, template purity, primer sequence, and amplicon lengths. However, this is frequently not true for the solutions containing unknown amounts of target DNA inasmuch as cell extracts are more chemically complex than the standards which have been amplified (230-fold) as well as undergone a purification process. When significant differences in E occur, it is not possible to accurately estimate unknown target DNA concentration from the standard solution’s slope and intercept (from threshold cycle number, or CT, versus Log[DNA] data). What is needed is a standard-mediated intercept which can be specifically coupled with an unknown solution’s PCR concentration dependence. In this work, we develop a simple mathematical procedure to generate a new standard curve with a slope (∂CT/∂Log[Dilution]unk) derived from at least three dilutions of the unknown target DNA solution ([DNA]unk) and an intercept calculated from the unknown’s CT s, DNA concentrations interpolated from the standard curve (i.e., the traditional estimate of [DNA]unk), and ∂CT/∂Log[Dilution]unk. We were able to achieve this due to our discovery of the predictable way in which the observed and ideal CT versus Log[DNA] slopes and intercepts deviate from one another. This “correction” in the standard-based [DNA]unk determination is typically 20–60% when the difference in the standard and unknown E is >0.1.
The proximal fibula should be examined in all patients with ankle injury: a case series of missed maisonneuve fractures.

Abstract Background The Maisonneuve fracture is a spiral fracture of the proximal third of the fibula. It occurs from violent twisting of the ankle that characteristically causes ligament damage and severe instability. Most patients complain of significant ankle pain but very little pain over the fracture. The clinical and radiographic examination is usually directed to the ankle region; and the proximal fibula is often ignored. Objective The authors intend to show the ease of missing the proximal fibular fracture when the clinical examination is directed to the ankle region. They discuss the importance of palpating the proximal fibula and ordering appropriate radiographs. Case Studies The authors report on 5 patients who presented to the Emergency Department, where the Maisonneuve fracture was missed despite having ankle radiographs taken. All patients required open reduction and internal fixation. Conclusion The Maisonneuve fracture injury pattern causes untoward consequences if not promptly recognized and treated. To avoid misdiagnosis, the proximal fibula should be examined in all patients with ankle injury.
Effect of photoinitiator segregation on polymerization kinetics in lyotropic liquid crystals

Through photopolymerization lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) phases may be templated onto organic polymers to yield highly complex nanostructures. In order to understand the unique polymerization behavior controlling structural development in LLC media, the polymerization kinetics in these systems have been studied using several commercially available photoinitiators. Although monomer segregation and diffusional restrictions largely govern the kinetics in these systems, the initiation may also be influenced by changing LLC order and composition. Nonpolar monomers, which partition to the oil soluble domains of the LLC phase typically display the fastest rate of polymerization in micellar aggregates. The rate decreases in phases with larger nonpolar domains due to decreasing localized double bond concentration. Polar monomers exhibit the opposite behavior. However, the segregation of photoinitiator may contribute to significantly different trends in polymerization behavior. Relatively mobile initiators, displaying favorable interaction with water, yield a trend in polymerization that is governed primarily by monomer and diffusional effects. When bulkier, hydrophobic initiators are used, the polymerization appears much less dependent on these effects. Rather than the decreasing rate usually observed at higher surfactant concentrations, polymerization of oil soluble monomers with the less mobile initiators shows the opposite trend of increasing rate at higher surfactant concentration. This behavior likely results from increasing initiator efficiency of the bulky, hydrophobic initiator in the surfactant rich environment.
Addressing Barriers to Technology Diffusion

ABSTRACT In this paper we present a model for overcoming the significant barriers encountered by a small teacher education program in its effort to integrate technology within its curriculum. At the University of New England, teacher education faculty have succeeded in overcoming these impediments by collaborating with faculty in other programs of the institution. The model illustrates lessons learned over a period of four years as we moved from our initial ‘one step at a time’ plan to the current strategy. This successful model details our efforts to garner administrative and financial support, acquire hardware and software, provide opportunities for training and education, and develop technology rich learning experiences for our students.
Habenular projections in the monitor lizard (Varanus benegalensis).

The efferent connections of the medial (MHb) and the lateral (LHb) habenular nuclei in the monitor lizard were studied using experimental degeneration techniques. The MHb was found to project to the interpeduncular nucleus and the parvocellular nucleus of the superior raphe via the core portion of the habenulo-peduncular tract (HPT). The LHb fibers form the mantle portion of the HPT and curve laterally to collect again in the ventral tegmentum. From here, they follow either (1) the medial forebrain bundle to terminate in hypothalamus, ventromedial thalamus, preoptic area, and septum, or (2) they continue caudally to terminate in the superior raphe and the paramedian reticular formation, or (3) they decussate and follow in smaller numbers the ascending and descending pathways on the other side. Some fibers enter the midline and reach the periventricular zone of the midbrain. Short range projections exist to the dorsomedial thalamic nucleus and the paramedian central gray and pretectum. The habenular projections are bilateral, however, much smaller on the contralateral side. Although distinct terminal fields were not found in the substahtia nigra and the central gray of the isthmic region, the overall pattern of habenular pathways is strikingly similar to those found in mammals which confirms a long presumed phylogenetic stability of habenular connections.
The photooxidation of diethylhydroxylamine by rose bengal in micellar and nonmicellar aqueous solutions.

The photooxidation of N,N-diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA) by Rose Bengal (RB) has been investigated in micellar and nonmicellar aqueous solutions. We measured the quantum yield of oxygen consumption forming H2O2 and monitored two intermediates, the superoxide and diethylnitroxide radicals. When the pH was varied, the quantum yield of oxidation remained constant for 6 N-OH moiety of DEHA. The formation of diethylnitroxide radical was enhanced by superoxide dismutase or strong alkaline solution. Around neutral pH, the oxidation proceeded mainly via electron transfer from DEHA to the RB triplet (kq = 10(7) M-1 s-1) with little 1O2 participation (kq < 10(5) M-1 s-1). However, when RB was incorporated into micelles in alkaline solution, the contribution of the singlet oxygen pathway increased at the expense of electron transfer, which was inhibited by the less polar micellar environment. Dark autoxidation of DEHA was accelerated by heavy metal impurities and increased very strongly in NaOH solution.
T-Anomaly Induced LHC Signals

Abstract T -parity in the little Higgs model could be violated by anomalies that allow the lightest T -odd A H to decay into ZZ and W + W − . We analyze these anomaly induced decays and the two-particle and the three-particle decay modes of other heavy quarks and bosons in this model which yield unique Large Hadron Collider (LHC) signals with fully reconstructible events. T -odd quarks in the little Higgs model are nearly degenerate in mass and they decay by almost identical processes; however, members of the heavy Higgs triplet follow distinct decay modes. The branching fractions of three-body decays increase with the global symmetry-breaking energy scale f and are found to be at the level of a few percent in heavy quark decays while they can reach up to 10% for heavy bosons.
Improving Raney® Catalysts Through Surface Chemistry

The unique value of the Raney® catalyst is revealed through surface modifications that have extended this familiar platform into novel materials with enhanced productivity in practical hydrogenations. The illustrative examples each yielded new compositions through use of non-nickel metals: as efficient dopants (Pd, Pt), as an inexpensive alloy diluent (Fe) and substrate for plating, or as the primary catalyst metal (Raney® Cu) in a recently identified process upgrading a renewable feedstock. A perspective on the surface chemistry of metals links the various approaches.
Relational Development Through the Life Cycle: Capacities, Opportunities, Challenges, and Obstacles:

Feminist theorists posit that women’s central organizing core is based on themes of affiliation, connection, and relationship, rather than the themes of separation, individuation, and autonomy that are emphasized in familiar models of development. Building on the work of theorists at the Stone Center and other writers on women’s development, this article proposes a model of development that highlights relational developmental tasks and obstacles throughout the life cycle. Emphasizing the experiences of girls and women, the article addresses both successful relational development and challenges to successful relational development and notes the contrasting relational experiences and challenges for boys and men.
Trauma and Surgical Emergencies in the Obstetric Patient

Pregnancy always must be considered when evaluating a female trauma victim of reproductive age. When managing the pregnant trauma victim, one must optimize the well-being of two patients, but the health of the mother is of paramount importance. Rapid assessment, treatment, and transport are critical to optimizing maternal and fetal outcome. Evaluation must be performed with an understanding of the physiologic changes that occur in pregnancy. These changes alter maternal response to trauma and require adaptations to care.
Dynamic behaviors of body-centered cubic metals with ultrafine grained and nanocrystalline microstructures

We have investigated the dynamic mechanical behaviors of representative body-centered cubic (b.c.c.) refractory metals with ultrafine grained (UFG, grain size (d) smaller than 500 nm, but larger than 100 nm) and nanocrystalline (NC, d smaller than 100 nm) microstructures. The UFG/NC microstructures were produced by either bottom-up or top-down fabrication. The dynamic compressive behavior was evaluated by means of uni-axial high strain rate Kolsky bar tests. For some of the metals, due to the special technique used for their fabrication, the specimen dimensions were very small. Therefore, a miniaturized desk-top Kolsky bar system was used to measure the dynamic behavior. Our experimental results indicate that the majority of the UFG/NC b.c.c. metals are prone to localized plastic flow under uni-axial dynamic compression, with UFG-Ta being an exception. This tendency is a consequence of the combined effect of reduced strain hardening capacity and strain rate sensitivity (SRS), increased yield strength, and enhanced adiabatic heating. The experimental observations are discussed in connection with mechanics-based models.
The female athlete. The triad of disordered eating, amenorrhoea and osteoporosis

Over the last few decades, the number of women participating in organised sports has grown dramatically. Participation in sports has led to significant health benefits for these women; however, several medical disorders have become more prevalent as the number of female athletes has increased. In response to the increase in the number of female athletes and potential medical disorders, the American College of Sports Medicine coined the term 'the female athlete triad' in 1992. The female athlete triad is a serious syndrome comprising 3 interrelated components: (i) disordered eating; (ii) amenorrhoea; and (iii) osteoporosis. The female athlete triad is a syndrome that can be prevented. Medical management of the female athlete triad requires a multidisciplinary approach, with early diagnosis and treatment being key factors. More studies are required to determine its causes, prevalence and consequences and to develop an optimal treatment strategy. All individuals, including coaches and parents, who are working with physically active girls and women should be educated about these disorders, and they should develop strategies to prevent, recognise and treat the female athlete triad.
Voices of the Nation: Women and Public Speech in Nineteenth-Century American Literature and Culture

Introduction The Voice of the Nation: Gender, Speech, and Nineteenth-Century American life 1. Bawdy talk: The Politics of Women's Speech in Henry James's The Bostonians and Sarah J. Hale's The Lecturess 2. 'Foul Mouthed Women': Disembodiment and Public Discourse in Herman Melville's Pierre and E.D.E.N. Southworth's The Fatal Marriage 3. Incarnate Words: Nativism, Nationalism, and the Female Body in Maria Monk's Awful Disclosures 4. Partners in Speech: Reforming Labor, Class, and the Working Woman's Body in Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's The Silent Partner 5. 'Queer Trimmings': Dressing, Cross-Dressing, and Women's Suffrage in Lillie Deereux Blake's Fettered for Life 6. Southern Oratory and The Slavery Debate in Caroline Lee Hentz's Planter's Northern Bride and Harriet Jacobs's Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl Conclusion 'Every Wrong that Needs a Voice': Women and Political Activism at the Turn into the Twentieth Century.
Improvement in electrical and dielectric behavior of (Ba,Sr)TiO{sub 3} thin films by Ag doping

In this paper, we report the fabrication and characterization of ${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{g}/(\mathrm{B}\mathrm{a},\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r})\mathrm{TiO}}_{3}{/\mathrm{L}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{O}}_{3}{/\mathrm{L}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ capacitors. All the films, including the top (silver) and bottom $({\mathrm{LaNiO}}_{3})$ electrodes, were deposited using a pulsed laser deposition technique. The electrical and dielectric properties of ${(\mathrm{B}\mathrm{a},\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r})\mathrm{TiO}}_{3}$ capacitors were found to improve significantly by means of silver doping. For example, the leakage current density of a Ag/Ag-doped $(\mathrm{B}\mathrm{a},\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r})\mathrm{TiO}3{/\mathrm{L}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{O}}_{3}/$capacitor was about an order of magnitude lower and the dielectric constant was \ensuremath{\sim}40% higher than that of a ${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{g}/(\mathrm{B}\mathrm{a},\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r})\mathrm{TiO}}_{3}{/\mathrm{L}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{O}}_{3}/$capacitor over a range of biases. The improvement in the electrical properties of ${(\mathrm{B}\mathrm{a},\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r})\mathrm{TiO}}_{3}$ films is believed to be caused by a double role of silver. The first one is associated with the reduced oxygen vacancies due to improved oxygenation of BST films in the presence of silver, and the second one is associated with the unpinning effect of domain walls again in the presence of silver.
Dopamine Signaling Is Required for Depolarization-Induced Slow Current in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

Brief strong depolarization of cerebellar Purkinje cells produces a slow inward cation current. This current, called depolarization-induced slow current (DISC), is triggered by Ca influx in the Purkinje cell and is attenuated by a blocker of vesicular fusion. Previous work in other brain regions, such as the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, has shown that dopamine can be released from dendrites to produce paracrine and autocrine signaling. Here, we test the hypothesis that postsynaptic release of dopamine and autocrine activation of dopamine receptors is involved in DISC. Light immunohistochemistry showed that D(3) dopamine receptors, vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2), and dopamine plasma membrane transporters (DATs) were all expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells. However, their expression was strongest in the gyrus region of cerebellar lobules IX and X. Comparison of DISC across lobules revealed that it was weak in the anterior portions of the cerebellum (lobules II, V, and VI) and strong in lobules IX and X. DISC was blocked by dopamine receptor antagonists (haloperidol, clozapine, eticlopride, and SCH23390). Likewise, DISC was strongly attenuated by inhibitors of VMAT (reserpine and tetrabenazine) and DAT (GBR12909 and rimcazole). These drugs did not produce DISC attenuation through blockade of depolarization-evoked Purkinje cell Ca transients. Purkinje cells in cerebellar slices derived from DAT-null mice expressed DISC, but this DISC ran down at a significantly higher rate than littermate controls. Together, these results suggest that strong Purkinje cell depolarization produces Ca-dependent release of vesicular postsynaptic dopamine that then excites Purkinje cells in an autocrine manner.
Unusual objects found in lower urinary tract.

Abstract A seventeen-year-old youth placed a 92-cm. rubberized wire into his bladder via his presumably to aid in masturbation. The wire was removed suprapubicly, and his postoperative course was uneventful. Psychiatric evaluation reveals that the patient will probably repeat this act. The physical outlook at present is normal; however, if repeated insertions occur multiple problems will follow.
Analysis of Variations in Vehicle Ownership Expenditures

There is significant concern about the high cost of vehicle ownership, although several authors have acknowledged in the literature that owning and operating a vehicle have accessibility benefits. This paper uses Consumer Expenditure Survey data to explore vehicle ownership expenditures of American households. Differences in vehicle ownership expenditures among urban and rural households are estimated in different regions of the United States, controlling for socioeconomic, demographic, life cycle, and other household factors. First, patterns in vehicle ownership expenses are examined over a year. Three models of expenditures for vehicle ownership are estimated: the first model is estimated by ordinary least squares, the second is a Tobit model estimated to take into account zero expenditures on vehicles by a segment of households during the survey year, and the third model is a two-stage sample selection model that explicitly models first the household vehicle ownership decision and then, given that firs...
A Raman Apparatus for Gases

A Raman irradiation apparatus designed for gaseous samples has been built. It is of simple construction, using aluminum foil wrapped around a single mercury arc and Raman tube to concentrate the light. The fundamentals of both O2 and N2 in a sample of air at eight atmospheres were photographed in an exposure of 112 hours. Spectra of gaseous fluoroform and ammonia are presented.
Radiatively Damped Density Waves in Optically Thick Protostellar Disks

The redistribution of angular momentum and mass in circumstellar disks by spiral density waves is governed by processes that dissipate the waves. Dissipation is usually attributed to unspecified nonlinear processes or an ad hoc viscosity. In this paper, we examine dissipation by radiative losses associated with the cyclic compression and expansion of disk material by the density waves. We consider linear, discrete modes in optically thick disks and use a simplified treatment of the radiative losses in order to assess the parameter dependences and importance of radiative damping. Wave action conservation principles are generalized to describe the effect of dissipation (by any means) and the consequent coupling of wave and disk energy and momenta. A relation is derived (in the WKBJ limit) between radial mass transport of disk material and the azimuthally averaged dissipation rate. A wave amplitude equation is similarly derived, which describes the radial evolution of wave angular momentum, and therefore the radial deposition of angular momentum in the disk. Associated with the equation is a characteristic damping length, proportional to the cooling time from the base state temperature times the radial wave speed, and a factor that depends weakly on optical depth. The damping length is used to define, in terms of the disk base state temperature and surface density, regimes of strong and weak radiative damping. Waves in warm disks may be damped close to the resonances at which they are excited, while waves in cold disks can propagate to distances at which other dissipative mechanisms may dominate. It is found that the boundary between these regimes cuts across values that are thought to have characterized the primitive solar nebula. Thus both strong and weak radiative damping may be encountered in circumstellar disks in general.
THE EFFECT OF ARTICULAR SURFACE SHAPE AND TENDON FORCES OF TOTAL WRIST ARTHROPLASTY SYSTEMS: A FINITE ELEMENT STUDY

In order to better understand the behavior of the total wrist implant systems, finite element analysis (FEA) was used to model the articular surfaces of two unconstrained total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) devices. After creating models based on manufacturer specifications, simulations of flexion, extension, radial deviation, ulnar deviation and circumduction were run with simulated moments from surrounding tendons under displacement control. In addition, simulations were run under positioning that represented a pronated and supinated forearm as well as unstable conditions. Understanding implant behavior and capabilities as related to the shape of the articular surfaces is important for proper prescription of implants as well as determining future directions for the design of arthroplasty devices.
Association between major depression, depressive symptoms and personal income in US adults with diabetes.

Abstract Objective Although the association between diabetes and depression outcomes has been well studied, very little is known about the association between depression and personal income in adults with diabetes. We examined the association between major depression, number of depressive symptoms and personal income among individuals with diabetes. Methods We used the two-stage Heckman procedure to estimate adjusted personal income by major depression status and number of depressive symptoms for 1818 adults with diabetes from the nationally representative 2006 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. STATA V.10 was used for statistical analysis to account for the complex survey design. Results In a fully adjusted model with major depression as a binary variable, major depression was associated with $2838 lower personal income. In a separate model with depressive symptoms as a continuous variable, each additional symptom was associated with $1235 lower personal income. Compared with being white/non-Hispanic, being black/non-Hispanic (−$4640) was associated with decreased personal income. Compared with excellent health status, fair health status (−$12,172) and poor health status (−$13,835) were associated with lower income. Relative to private insurance, public insurance only (−$8413) and being uninsured (−$9600) were associated with decreased income. Conclusions Among adults with diabetes, major depression and depressive symptoms are associated with lower personal income, after adjusting for relevant confounders. This finding suggests that aggressively diagnosing and treating depression as well as keeping people free of depressive symptoms can have huge human capital savings over the employment lifetime of individuals with diabetes and depression.
High-performance arrayed waveguide grating

Planar technology and design have evolved significantly in the past decade, both in terms of performance and yield, reducing the cost/performance advantage of thin-film filters (TFF) over Array-Waveguide Grating (AWG) devices. This evolution is primarily due to two reasons. One of the reasons for this is the adoption of the latest in semi-conductor fabrication techniques with respect to wafer scale, process equipment automation, and yield engineering. The other reason is the many advancements made in the Planar Light Circuit (PLC) design front which have resulted in lower optical insertion loss, reduced crosstalk, increased channel bandwidth, decreased channel spacing, and minimal chromatic dispersion. We demonstrate here how such state-of-the-art fabrication technology in combination with advanced PLC designs can be effectively used to engineer the filter shape (ripple, bandwidth, and flatness) and chromatic dispersion of AWG's to match or exceed that of their thin-film counterparts. Low passband ripple is critical for cascading multiple nodes in ring network architecture whereas minimal chromatic dispersion (CD) is desired in high rate data systems to avoid signal distortion. The AWG device presented here has a 1dB bandwidth that exceeds 80% of the channel spacing awhile exhibiting a high flatness (25dB/1dB ratio < 1.7), both of which are at least a 50% improvement over generic flat-top AWG designs available in the market and are equivalent in performance to TFF devices. At 100 GHz spacing, AWG's have intrinsic low-dispersion, but narrowing the spacing to 50GHz leads to a four fold increase in the CD. Here, we have successfully overcome this limitation and have been able to design and fabricate a 50GHz wide-band AWG with less than 1ps/nm chromatic dispersion, which exceeds TFF performance.
On solving stochastic initial-value differential equations

This paper addresses the issues involved in solving systems of linear ODE's with stochastic coefficients and loadings described by the Karhunen–Loeve expansion. The Karhunen–Loeve expansion is used to discretize random functions into a denumerable set of uncorrelated random variables, thus providing us for transforming this problem into an equivalent deterministic one. Perturbation error estimates and a priori error estimates between the exact solution and the finite element solution in the framework of Sobolev space are given. The method of successive approximations for finite element solutions is analyzed.