cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Community composition of ammonia-oxidizing archaea from surface and anoxic depths of oceanic oxygen minimum zones.

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) have been reported at high abundance in much of the global ocean, even in environments, such as pelagic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), where conditions seem unlikely to support aerobic ammonium oxidation. Due to the lack of information on any potential alternative metabolism of AOA, the AOA community composition might be expected to differ between oxic and anoxic environments, indicating some difference in ecology and/or physiology of the AOA assemblage. This hypothesis was tested by evaluating AOA community composition using a functional gene microarray that targets the ammonia monooxygenase gene subunit A (amoA). The relationship between environmental parameters and the biogeography of the Arabian Sea and the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) AOA assemblages was investigated using principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA). In both the Arabian Sea and the ETSP, AOA communities within the core of the OMZ were not significantly different from those inhabiting the oxygenated surface waters above the OMZ. The AOA communities in the Arabian Sea were significantly different from those in the ETSP. In both oceans, the abundance of archaeal amoA gene in the core of the OMZ was higher than that in the surface waters. Our results indicate that AOA communities are distinguished by their geographic origin. RDA suggested that temperature was the main factor that correlated with the differences between the AOA communities from the Arabian Sea and those from the ETSP. Physicochemical properties that characterized the different environments of the OMZ and surface waters played a less important role, than did geography, in shaping the AOA community composition.
Teaching Interprofessional Practice: An Exploratory Course Assignment in Social Work and Speech Language Pathology

The professions of social work (SWK) and speech language pathology (SLP) often involve the provision of services to a diverse group of client populations in a variety of settings; this is particularly true when meeting the complex needs of children and their families. It is widely accepted that collaborative treatment approaches utilizing multidisciplinary teams is an effective method of practice when serving children who are developmentally delayed or challenged, yet there is little information in the literature regarding the quantity, quality, and efficacy of collaboration among professional disciplines serving child populations. This article addresses the identified gap in the pedagogical literature regarding collaborative case management approaches between social workers (SWKs) and speech language pathologists (SLPs) using a case example describing a child in need of early intervention services. Following the case study, sample assessment questions are provided (utilizing the professional standards fr...
Recent Development on the Neurochemistry of Docosanoids

Neuroprotectins and resolvins are subfamilies of endogenous oxygenated metabolites derived from n-3 or ω-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5, EPA and docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6, DHA) (Serhan et al., 2000, 2002; Hong et al., 2003; Marcheselli et al., 2003). EPA not only modulates neuronal activity, but also participates in balancing the immune function by reducing arachidonic acid (20:4, ARA) level on cell membrane and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis (Farooqui,2009).
Organizing to Rule: What Explains Presidential Management Styles in Africa?

The field of comparative presidentialism has evolved considerably over the years. Early work focused on the perils of presidentialism (Linz 1990) but later, scholars noted, particularly those studying Latin American presidencies, that contrary to expectations presidents play in building workable multiparty parliamentary coalitions (Chaisty, Cheeseman and Power, 2012). However, this literature has generally ignored the study of presidential managerial styles. Indeed, as has long been recognized by scholars of the American presidency (George and George 1998; Herman and Preston 1994; Neustadt 1990; Johnson, 1974) the way in which individual presidents interact with subordinates, constituents, and other political leaders, is a crucial element in explaining political processes and policy outcomes. In this paper, we focus on the question of what explains the varying managerial styles of chief executives in systems among African states. Although there has been recent attention paid to the construction of African cabinets, these studies have focused on the size of the cabinet as opposed to the composition (Arriola 2009; LeVan 2007). However we focus on the composition of cabinets in particularly the extent to which the cabinet is stable and inclusive. We examine data from 1990-2010 for 40 Sub Saharan countries.
Too much of a good thing: regulated depletion of c-di-AMP in the bacterial cytoplasm

Bacteria that synthesize c-di-AMP also encode several mechanisms for controlling c-di-AMP levels within the cytoplasm. One major class of phosphodiesterases comprises GdpP and DhhP homologs, which degrade c-di-AMP into the linear molecule 5′-pApA or AMP by the DHH–DHHA1 domain. The other major class comprises PgpH homologs, which degrade c-di-AMP by the HD domain. Both GdpP and PgpH harbor sensory domains, likely to regulate c-di-AMP hydrolysis activity in response to signal input. As another possible mechanism for controlling cytoplasmic c-di-AMP levels, bacteria also secrete c-di-AMP via multidrug resistance transporters, as demonstrated for Listeria monocytogenes. Mutants that accumulate high c-di-AMP levels, by deletion of phosphodiesterases or multidrug resistance transporters, exhibit aberrant physiology, growth defects, and attenuated virulence in infection.
Diamonds on the Souls of Her Shoes: The Kimberley Process and the Morality Exception to WTO Restrictions

This Article analyzes the events predicating the Kimberley Process and examines the validity of the Kimberley Process in relation to international trade obligations. Part I describes the background of conflict diamonds and their role in African wars. The section outlines the need for regulation in the diamond industry and examines how other attempted measures at curbing the illicit diamond trade have fallen short. Part II details the Kimberley Process and its guidelines. This section analyzes the relevant U.S. legislation passed in 2003, the Clean Diamond Trade Act. Part II also suggests that because the Kimberley Process (“KP”) is predicated upon voluntary compliance, the KP in its current form will have little to no impact on curbing trade in conflict diamonds because its parameters are not legally binding. Part III analyzes whether, despite the current WTO waiver, the KP is a violation of international trade law. This section discusses the use of morality in international trade and proposes that any WTO challenge to the legislation will not stand because the Kimberley Process warrants the general exception to GATT in Article XX(a). Therefore, this section argues that despite its renewal, the waiver is not necessary to preserve the goals of GATT and international trade laws.
Shrinkage of Cured Fluoroelastomers. I. Basic Parameters

Abstract The thermomechanical analyzer (TMA) is eminently suitable for the measurement of the thermal expansion coefficient of rubbers, provided the equipment is calibrated with materials of similar expansion coefficient. FKM or other thermally stable and amorphous polymers (of independently determined thermal expansion characteristics) can be used as calibration standards. The relative simplicity and precision of the TMA method for the determination of the coefficient of isotropic linear expansion, and hence, of volumetric expansion of rubbers, makes this important thermodynamic parameter easily accessible experimentally. Because of the frequently observed anisotropy of molded elastomeric compounds, measurements in all three dimensions are required to define linear, isotropic expansion and shrinkage which, to an excellent approximation, are represented by arithmetic averages of the three unidirectional values. Good agreement has been found between the average (isotropic) shrinkage determined experimental...
Selecting an Electronic Data Capture System

Abstract Introduction Investigators encounter numerous challenges when initiating a research project, including selecting an appropriate electronic data capture system. Options range from simple stand-alone spreadsheets to full service, relational databases controlled by certified database administrators. We present an overview of the issues to consider when selecting an electronic data capture system and a survey of available software solutions. We also discuss how to select an electronic data capture system that best meets the data management needs of the study. Methods We compared software solutions based on several regulatory and budgetary issues that should be considered by investigators. Regulatory issues include HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act), case report forms and adverse event reports. Technology costs, ease of use and expertise of personnel are examples of budgetary matters. Results Stand-alone spreadsheets require extra attention to regulatory matters but are intuitive to investigators. Large-scale relational database management systems can be configured for all regulatory matters but require dedicated effort from a certified database administrator, greatly increasing data management costs. Low cost, server based solutions sacrifice some of the flexibility of a relational database management system in exchange for being extremely easy to design and manage. Software as a service is a scalable third party solution. Cloud based systems are a new solution that are not widely used in institutional review board approved research. Conclusions Due to the extensive resources required to implement an electronic data capture system it is important to carefully analyze and understand what options are available. In this way the most informed choice can be made.
Assessing Geomorphic, Ecological and Social Benefits of Bankfull Flow in Onondaga Creeks Urban Channel

Naturalized river restoration often attempts to reconnect channel and floodplain by manipulating the frequency of bankfull discharge. This research identifies limits to the geomorphic and ecological benefit of floodplain building in Syracuse, NY’s armored and channelized Onondaga Creek given the community risk of flooding along with the imperfect method of establishing urban bankfull. The study reach of 300 meters, classified as Rosgen G4 and departed from a reference C3, has an estimated bankfull discharge of 31 m s yet was channelized to contain flows up to 85 m s. While bankfull flow in rural areas builds and colonizes floodplain, such work is in conflict with, and undermined by, urban property, infrastructure, and emergency management objectives and activities. Urban restoration that abandons lateral migration must still use bankfull estimates to address sediment transport and fish passage, as well as avoid aggradation due to Onondaga Creek’s upstream mud boils that can generate up to 27E3 kg of daily sediment loads. Unfortunately, urban geomorphic assessment of bankfull flow, the upper limit to prevent flooding, was difficult due to the absence of traditional indicators. In short, urban incised rivers need excavated floodplains in which to satisfy the ecological, geomorphic, and social functions. This research explores four methods for setting floodplain excavation targets, which are measuring available floodplain, stream shear stress, bank collapse, and channel effective discharge. Copyright ASCE 2005 Watershed 2005
Inflammatory Pseudotumor Originating from the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract

Introduction. Inflammatory pseudotumor is an uncommon entity, and its cardiac origin is exceedingly rare. Case History. A previously healthy 27-year-old man was found to have a systolic murmur during preemployment screening evaluation. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a 4 × 2.5 cm mass originating from the right ventricle (RV) outflow tract extending into the aortic root. A computed tomography guided biopsy confirmed an IgG4-related inflammatory pseudotumor. Patient was started on oral prednisone with subsequent reduction in mass size. Conclusion. Cardiac inflammatory pseudotumors are markedly rare tumors that should be considered in the differential of intracardiac tumors which otherwise includes cardiac fibromas, myxomas, and sarcomas.
A method for the superfusion of rat hypothalami: secretion of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.

SummaryA superfusion system for hy-pothalamic tissue is reported and the secretion rate of LH-RH is analyzed under different experimental conditions. The responsiveness of the preparation to stimuli like high K+, low Ca2+, and prostaglandin E2 was assessed. The usefulness of this preparation as an in vitro system to study the secretion rate of hypothalamic hormones is discussed.The authors wish to thank Mrs. Robyn Luke for her skillful secretarial assistance and Dr. J. Pike from Upjohn Company for providing us generously with prostaglandins.
Marketing, Scientific Progress, and Scientific Method:

It is argued that the long debate concerning the scientific credentials of marketing has been couched in terms of an idealized notion of science as the ultimate source of objectively certified know...
Cultivating Promise and Possibility: Black Feminist Thought as an Innovative, Interdisciplinary, and International Framework

Created by Patricia Hill Collins over 20 years ago, Black Feminist Thought (BFT)1 has flourished in multiple disciplines including sociology, English, political science, psychology, education, law, history, philosophy, Africana studies, mass communication, and communication studies. Since its inception, BFT has served as a key means to unapologetically center the embodied knowledge of Black women and foster opportunities for Black women to “talk back”2 to systemic oppression(s). To honor the legacy of BFT and propel its theoretical and methodological significance into the future, this special issue will feature critical, qualitative, and performative works that productively utilize, challenge, and extend BFT. Essays in this special issue will be characterized by: Exemplars of how BFT can be industriously challenged and extended include works that:
The effect of high temperature incubation upon the myocardial glycogen in the chick embryo.

Numerous studies have shown that high temperature incubation for the chick embryo will accelerate growth. Ancel & Lallemand (1941) reported that, with incubation temperatures of 39·0 to 42·0°C. during the 3rd through the 6th day of incubation, 49·2 per cent, to 62·7 per cent, of the specimens expressed Coelosomia . This malformation is characterized by the eventration of the viscera through a body cleft. Delphia & Eveleth (1961) found that continuous incubation of chick embryos at 40·0°C. resulted in Coelosomia of the heart, liver, ventriculus and small intestines in 63 per cent, of the specimens. Further studies by Delphia (1963) indicated that, with a continuous incubation temperature of 40·0°C, the embryos were advanced in growth stages (Hamburger-Hamilton, 1951) by one stage and were 1·3 times heavier than normally incubated specimens at 8 days incubation. At this time (8 days incubation) coelosomia is demonstrated clearly.
Post‐cocaine changes in regulator of G‐protein signaling (RGS) proteins in the dorsal striatum: Relevance for cocaine‐seeking and protein kinase C‐mediated phosphorylation

Persistent cocaine-induced neuroadaptations within the cortico-striatal circuitry might be related to elevated risk of relapse observed in human addicts even after months or years of drug-free abstinence. Identification of these neuroadaptations may lead development of novel, neurobiologically-based treatments of relapse. In the current study, 12 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats self-administered cocaine (or received yoked-saline) for two weeks followed by three weeks of home-cage abstinence. At this point, we analyzed expression of proteins involved in regulation of Gαi- and Gαq-protein signaling in the dorsal striatum (dSTR). Animals abstinent from chronic cocaine showed decreased expression of regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2) and RGS4, as well as upregulation of RGS9. These data, together with the increased ratio of Gαq-to-Gαi proteins indicated, "sensitized" Gαq signaling in the dSTR of abstinent cocaine animals. To evaluate activation of Gαq signaling during relapse, another group of abstinent cocaine animals (and yoked saline controls, 22 rats together) was reintroduced to the cocaine context and PKC-mediated phosphorylation in the dSTR was analyzed. Re-exposure to the cocaine context triggered cocaine seeking and increase in phosphorylation of cellular PKC substrates, including phospho-ERK and phospho-CREB. In conclusion, this study demonstrates persistent dysregulation of RGS proteins in the dSTR of abstinent cocaine animals that may produce an imbalance in local Gαq-to-Gαi signaling. This imbalance might be related to augmented PKC-mediated phosphorylation during relapse to cocaine-seeking. Future studies will address whether selective targeting of RGS proteins in the dSTR can be utilized to suppress PKC-mediated phosphorylation and relapse to cocaine-seeking.
Influence of Perspective of Action Observation Training on Residual Limb Control in Naïve Prosthesis Usage.

ABSTRACTPrior work in amputees and partial limb immobilization have shown improved neural and behavioral outcomes in using their residual limb with prosthesis when undergoing observation-based training with a prosthesis-using actor compared to an intact limb. It was posited that these improvements are due to an alignment of user with the actor. It may be affected by visual angles that allow emphasis of critical joint actions which may promote behavioral changes. The purpose of this study was to examine how viewing perspective of observation-based training effects prosthesis adaptation in naive device users. Twenty nonamputated prosthesis users learned how to use an upper extremity prosthetic device while viewing a training video from either a sagittal or coronal perspective. These views were chosen as they place visual emphasis on different aspects of task performance to the device. The authors found that perspective of actions has a significant role in adaptation of the residual limb while using upper li...
The Mask and the ‘Deform’d’ Self: Middleton’s Tragedies

Despite its stylised, unabashedly theatrical denouement, Women Beware Women (c. 1621) is not preoccupied with virtuoso role- playing, as is The Malcontent, or with flamboyant, frankly degenerative disguise, a dominant pattern in The Revenger’s Tragedy. Nor is there much sense in this tragedy of the ‘divinity that shapes our ends’. The arrival of the Cardinal in Act IV, with his fulminations on ‘lust’ and ‘destruction’, opens up a traditionally Christian perspective in the play, but for the most part the forces driving the characters are social or economic, not spiritual. When the Duke advises Bianca to ‘play the wise wench, and provide for ever’ (II. ii. 382),1 his utterly materialistic providence shaping parodies any metaphysical design; he is not urging her to lay up treasures in heaven but offering her the financial security of becoming his mistress so that she need not ‘weep whole years in wants’ with her impoverished husband Leantio. The outlook of nearly all the characters is rootedly secular and pragmatic. In the world of Middleton’s play, ‘want’s the key to whoredom’ (III. iii. 285), since appetites, material and sexual, evidently require satisfaction whatever the moral cost.
Folk intuitions of Actual Causation: A Two-Pronged Debunking Explanation

How do we determine whether some candidate causal factor is an actual cause of some particular outcome? Many philosophers have wanted a view of actual causation which fits with folk intuitions of actual causation and those who wish to depart from folk intuitions of actual causation are often charged with the task of providing a plausible account of just how and where the folk have gone wrong. In this paper, I provide a range of empirical evidence aimed at showing just how and where the folk go wrong in determining whether an actual causal relation obtains. The evidence suggests that folk intuitions of actual causation are generated by two epistemically defective processes. I situate the empirical evidence within a background discussion of debunking, arguing for a two-pronged debunking explanation of folk intuitions of actual causation. I conclude that those who wish to depart from folk intuitions of actual causation should not be compelled to square their account of actual causation with the verdicts of the folk. In the dispute over actual causation, folk intuitions deserve to be rejected.
Cyclic and Load to Failure Properties of All-Suture Anchors in Synthetic Acetabular and Glenoid Cancellous Bone.

Purpose To evaluate the cyclic displacement, maximum load to failure, and failure mode of multiple all-suture anchors (ASAs) in 2 different densities of sawbones cancellous bone substitute. Methods Anchors tested included the Suturefix Ultra 1.7 mm, JuggerKnot 1.45 mm (No. 1 and No. 2 MaxBraid) and 2.9 mm, Y-Knot Flex 1.3 mm and 1.8 mm, Iconix 1, 2, 25, and 3, Q-Fix 1.8 mm, and Bioraptor 2.3 PK. The Bioraptor served as a non–all-suture-based control. Seven to eleven anchors were tested in both 20 and 30 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) test blocks that were chosen to simulate glenoid and acetabular cancellous bone, respectively. After a 40 N deployment force, anchors were cyclically loaded at 0.5 Hz from 10 to 50 N and then 10 to 100 N for 200 cycles each. Surviving specimens were pulled to failure at 10 mm/s. Displacement, stiffness, maximum load, and failure mode were recorded. Welch t -tests and Welch analysis of variance with Games-Howell post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis. Results In higher density blocks, 11 of 12 anchors had significantly ( P Conclusions ASAs show better fixation in higher density synthetic bone. The cyclic displacement and maximum load of ASAs vary widely depending on anchor design and bone density. Most anchors fail by suture anchor pullout. In general, the Bioraptor 2.3 PK outperformed ASAs in higher density test blocks with mixed results in lower density test blocks. Clinical Relevance ASAs show mixed results compared with a traditional suture anchor. They perform better in higher density bone substitute.
Land use and land cover in a transitioning militarized landscape

ABSTRACTThe repurposing of military lands is common in many parts of the world and presents a variety of conservation opportunities. This study examines land cover at Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge, Indiana (U.S.A.) as it transitioned from military proving ground to wildlife refuge from 1985 to 2013. We use remote sensing, semi-structured interviews, and a review of planning and management documents to examine this transition. Limited change in land cover composition and distribution are detected, despite changes in use and management. This landscape similarity relates to similarities in land management practices, and the impact of landscape history on current management practices. The findings suggest that military use and conservation objectives at this site yield similar land covers and are not necessarily in contrast to each other. As military base closures continue, the potential to maintain and expand conservation opportunities on these lands will likely grow in importance.
Systematic Review of Gender Differences in Sepsis Management and Outcomes.

Purpose Contributors to disparities in sepsis management have been attributed to genetic susceptibility, differences in clinical presentation, and healthcare delivery. The influence of gender on survival or mortality of patients with sepsis-related diagnoses is unclear. The purpose of the current study was to systematically review published research to identify factors and outcomes associated with sepsis management and outcomes based on gender differences. Methods Covering a period from 2006 to 2016, a literature search was conducted on four electronic data bases including the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EBSCO, MedlinePlus, and PubMed. Content analysis of each article was performed independently by two authors. The guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement was the method used to assess the quality of evidence of the articles in this review. Findings A full review was completed on a total of 452 identified potentially relevant publications, and 7 publications met inclusion criteria. The methodological approaches included prospective and retrospective observational studies, and prospective and historical cohort studies. The aim of these studies was to identify if gender differences exist related to sepsis-related mortality, completion of Surviving Sepsis Campaign resuscitation bundle elements, sepsis-related care processes, and sepsis-related incidence and source. Conclusions Clinical sepsis studies evaluating gender and sepsis-related management and mortality are inconclusive and complex. Three different outcomes exist: no difference, higher risk in females, or higher risk in males. Further studies are needed to support the presence of gender disparities on sepsis-related healthcare outcomes. Clinical Relevance Providers should understand the importance of adhering to sepsis protocols and minimizing treatment disparities including gender differences.
Chapter 1: Financial Behavior: An Overview

“Financial Behavior: An Overview” is the introduction chapter for the book Financial Behavior: Players, Services, Products, and Markets edited by H. Kent Baker, Greg Filbeck, and Victor Ricciardi. The book provides a synthesis of the theoretical and empirical literature on the financial behavior of major stakeholders, financial services, investment products, and financial markets. The book offers a different way of looking at financial and emotional well-being and processing beliefs, emotions, and behaviors related to money. It presents important insights about cognitive and emotional biases that influence various financial decision-makers, services, products, and markets. The chapter also provides an overview of the emerging research topics covered in Financial Behavior and the abstract descriptions for the remaining 29 chapters of the book by 50 contributors.
Mental health screening instrument domain scores as predictors of recidivism in juvenile probation and drug court populations

ABSTRACTFor juvenile offenders with an identified substance abuse history, the need for early intervention and screening is increasingly critical. This study investigated the use of MAYSI-2 and POSIT standardized screening measures to better understand if the domains measured by these tools could predict recidivism in a juvenile drug court (JDC) population. Findings indicated that none of the domain scores analyzed were predictive of recidivism scores in neither the juvenile probation, nor drug court adolescents. These outcomes suggest that for the juvenile population, these screening tools may be effective measures of potential mental health risks, but poor measures of recidivism.
Missed Opportunities for Science Learning: Unacknowledged Unscientific Arguments in Asynchronous Online and Face-to-Face Discussions

We explored the scientific argumentation that occurs among university biology students during an argumentation task implemented in two environments: face-to-face in a classroom and online in an asynchronous discussion. We observed 10 student groups, each composed of three students. Our analysis focused on how students respond to their peers’ unscientific arguments, which we define as assertions, hypotheses, propositions, or explanations that are inaccurate or incomplete from a scientific perspective. Unscientific arguments provide opportunities for productive dissent, scientific argumentation, and conceptual development of scientifically desirable conceptions. We found that students did not respond to the majority of unscientific arguments in both environments. Challenges to unscientific arguments were expressed as a question or through explanation, although the latter was more common online than face-to-face. Students demonstrated significantly more epistemic distancing in the face-to-face environment than the online environment. We discuss the differences in discourse observed in both environments and teaching implications. We also provide direction for future research seeking to address the challenges of engaging students in productive scientific argumentation in both face-to-face and online environments.
Abstract 307: Apoa-1 Binding Protein Regulates Retinal Angiogenesis via Control of Notch Signaling

ApoA-1 binding protein (AIBP), a mediator of cholesterol efflux from endothelia cells to HDL, plays a vital role in zebrafish angiogenesis. Although it is evolutionary conserved from Drosophila to human, its role of angiogenesis in higher vertebrate has not been studied. Thus, we propose that the role of AIBP in angiogenesis is also conserved from zebrafish to mice to humans. Mouse models display tremendous power in the study of human cardiovascular disease as the murine and human vasculatures are highly similar. We therefore generated Aibp -/- mice, which are viable and fertile. We then compared retinal vasculature development in Aibp -/- mice and wild-type control mice by whole mount immunostaining. Our data show that AIBP deficiency in mice results in significantly enhanced angiogenesis, including an increase in the radial extension of vascular plexus, the development of a denser upper capillary layer, and more tip cells as well as filopodia in the retinas. Notch signaling pathway plays an essential role for proper angiogenesis. However, the role of cholesterol metabolism in the Notch pathway is poorly understood. We found the expressions of the Notch downstream targets Hes1, Hey1 and Hey2 were upregulated in Aibp -/- retinas compared to controls. Furthermore, the protein level of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) was decreased in Aibp -/- retinas. These results suggest that the activity of Notch signaling is decreased in retinas from Aibp -/- mice. Mechanistically, we found AIBP positively regulates Notch signaling by affect on γ-secretase activity. Moreover, we performed Matrigel plug assay. Comparing that of wild-type, Matrigel plugs from Aibp -/- mice has more VE-cadherin staining and higher VE-cadherin mRNA expression level; and shows lower Hey1 expression as well as decreased NICD protein levels. It indicates that Matrigel plugs from Aibp -/- mice expresses more blood vessels and show lower Notch signaling activity. Our study demonstrated that AIBP inhibits angiogenesis by activating the Notch pathway and are the first to connect AIBP, a cholesterol metabolism regulator, to Notch signaling.
Slope failures within and upstream of Lake Quinault, Washington, as uneven responses to Holocene earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zone

Investigation of Lake Quinault in western Washington, including a reflection seismic survey, analysis of piston cores, and preliminary mapping in the steep, landslide-prone Quinault River catchment upstream of the lake, reveals evidence for three episodes of earthquake disturbance in the past 3000 yr. These earthquakes triggered failures on the lake’s underwater slopes and delta front, as well as subaerial landsliding, partial channel blockage, and forced fluvial sediment aggradation. The ages of the three Lake Quinault disturbance events overlap with those of coseismically subsided, coastal marsh soils nearby in southwest Washington that are interpreted to record ruptures of the Cascadia megathrust. Absent from Lake Quinault, however, are signals of obvious disturbance from five additional subduction earthquakes inferred to have occurred during the period of record. The lack of evidence for these events may reflect the limitations of the data set derived from the detrital, river-dominated lake stratigraphy but may also have bearing on debates about segmentation and the distribution of slip along the Cascadia subduction zone during prior earthquakes.
The effect of father's absence, parental adverse events, and neighborhood disadvantage on children’s aggression and delinquency: A multi-analytic approach

We applied multiple statistical approaches to address the covarying nature of neighborhood, household context, and children’s behavioral problems. The focal relationship under investigation was the...
Laboratory testing for factor VIII and IX inhibitors in haemophilia: A review

Inhibitors are antibodies directed against haemophilia treatment products which interfere with their function. Factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors in haemophilia A and factor IX (FIX) inhibitors in haemophilia B are significant clinically when they require a change in a patient's treatment regimen. Their persistence may increase morbidity and mortality. Multiple laboratory tests are now available for detecting and understanding inhibitors in haemophilia. Inhibitors are traditionally measured by their interference in clotting or chromogenic factor assays. They may also be detected using immunologic assays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or fluorescence immunoassay. Anti-FVIII or anti-FIX antibodies of IgG4 subclass best correlate with the presence of functional inhibitors. Improvements in inhibitor measurement have been recently introduced. Preanalytical heat treatment of patient specimens allows testing of patients without delaying treatment. Use of chromogenic and immunologic assays may aid in identification of false-positive results, which are frequent among low-titre inhibitors. Validated reagent substitutions can be used to reduce assay cost. New methods for defining assay positivity and reporting low-titre inhibitors have been suggested. Challenges remain in the areas of quality control, assay standardization, monitoring of patients undergoing immune tolerance induction therapy and testing in the presence of modified and novel treatment products.
Use of the Computer for Quantitative Analysis of Fossil Distribution

Time-trend analysis is a mathematical technique used to smooth out irregularities in geologic data based on a sequence of observations taken along a traverse or on a vertical measured section. A highspeed digital computer is used to calculate smoothed values and plot the time-trend curves, which in turn are used to study the underlying trends of sedimentation. Nine smoothing equations containing from 5 to 21 terms are available to compute curves with varying degrees of smoothing. The smoothing sum of squares is a measure of the total variability accounted for by each of the smoothing equations and can be used to detect a rhythm or cycle in the data. Several closely spaced, measured sections are being investigated in the Upper Ordovician of southeastern Indiana to reconstruct the sequence of environments which existed during their deposition. Time-trend curves are being used to study the relationship between physical properties of the environment and faunal distribution. The percentage of limestone in a sequence of thin limestone and shale layers is used as an index of environmental conditions. The corresponding time-trend curves are plotted for ten genera of brachiopods to examine their vertical distribution. There appears to be a definite relationship between the amount of limestone in the section and the occurrence of certain brachiopod genera. The maximum on the limestone percentage curve corresponds closely to the disappearance of one brachiopod genus and the introduction of two new genera, indicating a significant shift in environmental conditions.
Macrophage-targeted drugamers with enzyme-cleavable linkers deliver high intracellular drug dosing and sustained drug pharmacokinetics against alveolar pulmonary infections.

Abstract Intracellular bacterial infections localized to the lung alveolar macrophage (AM) remain one of the most challenging settings for antimicrobial therapy. Current systemic antibiotic treatment fails to deliver sustained doses to intracellular bacterial reservoirs, which necessitates prolonged treatment regimens. Herein, we demonstrate a new intracellular enzyme-cleavable polymeric prodrug with tailored ciprofloxacin release profiles in the lungs and AM. The targeted polymeric prodrug, termed “drugamers”, incorporates (1) hydrophilic mannose residues to solubilize the antibiotic cargo and to target and enhance AM uptake and intracellular delivery, and (2) enzyme-cleavable linkage chemistry to provide high and sustained intracellular AM drug dosing. Prodrug monomers, derived from the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, were synthesized with either an intracellular protease cleavable dipeptide linker or a hydrolytic phenyl ester linker. RAFT polymerization was used to copolymerize the prodrug monomers and mannose monomer to synthesize well-defined drugamers without requiring a post-polymerization conjugation step. In addition to favorable in vivo safety profiles following intratracheal administration, a single dose of the drugamers sustained ciprofloxacin dosing in lungs and AMs above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) over at least a 48 h period. The enzyme-cleavable therapeutic achieved a >10-fold increase in sustained ciprofloxacin in AM, and maintained a significantly higher whole lung PK as well. Ciprofloxacin dosed in identical fashion displayed rapid clearance with a half-life of approximately 30 min. Notably, inhalation of the mannose-targeted ciprofloxacin drugamers achieved full survival (100%) in a highly lethal mouse model of pneumonic tularemia, contrasted with 0% survival using free ciprofloxacin. These findings demonstrate the versatility of the drugamer platform for engineering the intracellular pharmacokinetic profiles and its strong therapeutic activity in treating pulmonary intracellular infections.
Evaluation of disinfection processes for water heater devices used for extracorporeal life support.

The Maquet Heater Unit 35 (HU35) is widely used to maintain patient body temperature during extracorporeal life support. Water is used as a medium for heat transfer though it also provides a medium...
Congenital TTP: toward a turning point.

In this issue of Blood, Alwan et al report that 21 (29%) of 73 patients with congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) had persistent symptoms of headache, lethargy, and abdominal pain, without thrombocytopenia, that responded to prophylactic plasma.1
Using a coupled geochemical/physical mass balance model to gain insights into the deposition of subrecent evaporites: Searles Valley, California, USA

Modern and ancient saline lakes are important sites for the deposition of carbonates and evaporites. Here we describe a generalized computer model of chemical sediment production in a closed-basin lake subject to: (1) variable inflow sources through time; (2) variable volumes of these inflows; (3) variable temperature, and; (4) variable evaporation rates through time. We then apply our model to gain insights into some aspects of late Pleistocene evaporite deposits beneath Searles Lake, California, a well-described chemical sedimentary deposit. We tuned our model to match the masses and proportions of the major saline minerals trona and halite deposited in layers circa 32 ka to 24 ka. However, we could not reproduce the thicknesses of mixed siliciclastic, carbonate and organic layers sandwiched between the evaporites. The model is useful for interpreting and constraining the environmental conditions in and around any ancient saline lakes during evaporite deposition where the amounts, mineralogies, and vertical distribution of chemical sediments are known.
From B to Non-B to C: The Hepatitis C Virus in Historical Perspective

The discovery of HCV was an evolutionary process beginning with the serendipitous identification of the Australia antigen that later proved to be the surface protein of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the first marker for any human hepatitis virus. Studies of transfusion-associated hepatitis made it evident that most cases were unrelated to HBV. The later discovery of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) made it apparent that non-B cases were also non-A leading to the awkward terminology non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH). While NANBH was identified only by exclusion and had no specific serologic or molecular marker, using chimpanzee transmission studies, it was possible to show that the NANBH agent was small and enveloped and most consistent with being a flavivirus as it later proved to be. Clinical studies showed that NANBH could lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related fatality. The major breakthrough occurred in the late 1980s when the Chiron Corporation cloned the NANBH agent and renamed it the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Adding HCV serologic testing, and later molecular testing, to routine donor screening virtually eradicated TAH with current risk estimated to be one case in two million transfusions. More recently, direct-acting antiviral agents have been shown to result in sustained virologic responses, tantamount to cure, in 98% of treated subjects. The existing challenges are to identify currently unrecognized HCV carriers and to make treatment accessible to all.
Empire of Timber: Labor Unions and the Pacific Northwest Forests

The battles to protect ancient forests and spotted owls in the Northwest splashed across the evening news in the 1980s and early 1990s. Empire of Timber re-examines this history to demonstrate that workers used their unions to fight for a healthy workplace environment and sustainable logging practices that would allow themselves and future generations the chance to both work and play in the forests. Examining labor organizations from the Industrial Workers of the World in the 1910s to unions in the 1980s, Empire of Timber shows that conventional narratives of workers opposing environmental protection are far too simplistic and often ignore the long histories of natural resource industry workers attempting to protect their health and their futures from the impact of industrial logging. Today, when workers fear that environmental restrictions threaten their jobs, learning the history of alliances between unions and environmentalists can build those conversations in the present.
The computer networks course: will it all fit?

Change in the content of Computer Science and Information Systems courses is a certainty. Perhaps no other course has changed in the last few years to such an extent as the Computer Networks course. Traditional content such as serial communications, reference models, and protocols now share time with "Net-Centric Computing," Client-Server Computing, and Internet technologies. An approach that attempts to balance the presentation of these materials in a required course for CS and IS majors is presented. The course utilizes closed laboratories for hands-on work and various programming and analysis type projects for out-of-class assignments. The laboratory utilized for this course, partially funded by NSF, provides an excellent opportunity for experience with contemporary technologies.
Conscience of a Conservative Psychologist: Return of the Mysteriously Illusive Psyche

Psyche, the daughter of a Greek king, was so beautiful that people stopped worshipping Aphrodite; instead they turned their adoration to the girl who modestly rejected any divine honours. Aphrodite, enraged, sent her son Eros to contrive a spell to make this beautiful maiden fall in love with an ugly creature. Seeing her, however, Eros fell in love and could not obey his mother. Short version: Aphrodite, jealous, tried to sabotage Psyche with impossible tasks. After great struggle, Psyche escaped the traps with the help not of the gods but of the creatures of nature. Finally, Eros appealed to Zeus to set her free. With his consent the happy couple married on Mount Olympus celebrated by all the gods including Aphrodite. Psyche bore a daughter, Voluptas (better known as Pleasure), and so goes this great myth. Weary of the mainstream’s claim that only it is scientific, and its dismissal of phenomenology as “conjecture”, this paper is an effort to return to the origins of the study of the fascinating and frustrating old psyche. To conserve (a) its most fundamental approach, (b) most empirical method, and (c) most lived psychological content, the author urges students to ask first the persistent – since the Greeks – and necessary philosophical questions (ontological, epistemological, ethical, and so forth). He proceeds from there to show that phenomenology can (a) resurrect the psyche and its neglected meanings both experienced and expressed in action, (b) rescue behaviour from the Procrustean bed of “the scientific method” and resuscitate it as lived, (c) expose the myth of objective consciousness, and (d) reaffirm that freedom makes the psyche not less but more available to science by letting human reality show itself. Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Emmanuel Levinas have inspired over forty years of classroom rebellion and conservation of a psychology of incarnate humankind. These philosophers have provoked an alternative understanding of the characteristics of science (empirical, objective, reductive, and so forth). Finally, this paper reasserts a moral science with attention to the “psychology for the Other” over a “psychology for the self” with the paradoxical content: we can sabotage ourselves with selfinterested power and discover ourselves in the service of the weakness of others. The call to responsibility is the most fundamental characteristic of the psyche .
Dining out: a global history of restaurants: by Katie Rawson and Elliot Shore, London, Reaktion Books, 2019, 304 pp., ISBN 978-1789140576

This ambitious collaboration reflects the authors’ extensive experience mining archives to tell compelling stories through and about food. This is Katie Rawson’s first book, and Elliot Shore’s firs...
Energy harvesting and wireless power transfer in a unified system for wearable devices

This paper presents a device concept that allows us to utilize the coils of an electromagnetic vibration-based energy harvester as a receiver for a magnetic resonant coupled wireless power transfer system (WPTS), with focus on low-power wearable applications. The parasitic capacitances of the coils along with their inductances form a single equivalent receiver coil configured in parallel. This self-resonance characteristic relaxes the requirement of adding an additional capacitor and still retains the system inherent simplicity. Measurements with an arbitrarily chosen load resistance of $R_{L}\,= 100 \Omega$ demonstrate a generated power of $\sim 397.4 \mu W$ at a distance between the transmitter and receiver of 2 cm at a root mean square applied $\mathbf{B}$ – field of $200 \mu T$, approximately.