cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isotope-coding quatitative proteomics reveals that peroxiredoxins and other mitochondrial effectors, play a role in proliferation and apoptosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells following ATRA treatment.

3225 All- trans -retinoic acid (ATRA) is the standard therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Clinically, patients respond to ATRA through complete remissions associated with myeloid maturation of promyelocytic leukemic blast cells. These remissions are transient and relapsed APL is often ATRA-resistant. The mechanisms of ATRA resistance are largely unknown. In this study, we used stable isotope coding quatitative proteomics approach to determine differences in the protein expression levels in ATRA-sensitive NB4 APL cells versus NB4.R1 (a de novo ATRA-resistance derivative of NB4 cell line), after exposing to ATRA. While NB4.R1 cells were grown in normal RPMI medium, NB4 cells were grown in RPMI medium in which normal leucin was replaiced with deuterium labeled leucin. Proteins from each cells were mixed 1:1 ratio and then separated by 1-dimentional SDS-PAGE. Selected bands were excised and trypsin digested and later separated and identified using a high performance quadrupole time-of-flight (QqTOF) mass spectrometer with a mass range of m/z 5-40,000. Proteomics profile revealed that several mitochondrial proteins, including the radical oxygen species scavengers peroxiredoxins (PRDXs), ADP-ATP translocase (ANT-2), various proteins of the mitochondrial electron-transport chain and TNF receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP-1), were differentially regulated in NB4 vs. NB4.R1 cells. Western blot analysis showed that both mitochondrial PRDX-3 and the cytoplasm PRDX-1 proteins decreased in a time-dependent manner after ATRA treatment in NB4 cells but did not change in NB4.R1. Suppression of PRDX-1 expression by small interference RNA (siRNA) had not apparent effects on differentiation of NB4 cells, detected by CD11b expression. We are currently investigating whether PRDXs are involved in ATRA-induced apoptosis and whether suppression of PRDX-3 expression by siRNA attenuates the resistance of NB4.R1 cells to the ATRA treatment. Overall our results indicates that PRDXs and other mitochondrial-related proteins could be involved in development of ATRA-resistance, and in the regulation of apoptotic signaling in APL.
Vatican II: Francis and Reception

Unlike any earlier council, Vatican II was pastoral rather than dogmatic. Not that it lacked dogmatic constitutions, but because the overall finality of the council and documents lay toward Catholic life and witness: discipleship, ecclesial and personal. Theological reflection on ‘reception’ of Vatican II rightly has focussed on the content, implications, and applications of conciliar texts. Less attention has been given to the dynamic in the act of receiving as distinguished from the content received. Is the act of receiving along the lines of a gradual, widespread, but low-profile conversion of clergy and laity? If so, that would help explain the unusual degree of heat in the debates over continuity vs. discontinuity between Vatican II and prior conditions. The question opens the door to reconceiving that issue in light of what happens in conversion.
Effect of Biotin Deficiency on Duration of Infection with Trypanosoma lewisi in the Rat.

SummaryBiotin deficiency has been found to prolong the infection with T. lewisi in the rat. This effect can be negated by the administration of biotin to the deficient rat during the course of infection. Biotin appears to be instrumental directly or indirectly in the activation of the immune bodies in this infection.
Thermodynamics—An Exposition

(1933). Thermodynamics—An Exposition. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 40, No. 10P1, pp. 580-592.
Phase Diagrams of Polynorbornene Amphiphilic Block Copolymers in Solution

We report phase diagrams for amphiphilic block copolymers prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). A library of 30 block copolymers with variable hydrophilic functionality, block ratios, and degrees of polymerization was prepared, and the resulting assemblies were analyzed by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). A phase diagram of the self-assemblies was constructed for each of the various copolymer systems screened, representing the first of its kind for polynorbornene block copolymers in dilute solutions. Furthermore, we take advantage of kinetic control in the preparation of an array of particle morphologies accessed from the same polymer structure.
Mechanism of the P450-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization in the Biosynthesis of Griseofulvin

Griseofulvin is an antifungal agent that has recently been determined to have potential antiviral and anticancer applications. The role of specific enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of this natural product has previously been determined, but the mechanism by which a p450 (GsfF), catalyzes the key oxidative cyclization of griseophenone B remains unknown. Using density functional theory (DFT), we have determined the mechanism of this oxidation that forms the oxa-spiro core of griseofulvin. Computations show GsfF preferentially performs phenolic O–H abstraction over epoxidation to catalyze the oxidation.
Intervailey and electron-electron scattering rates measured in p-GaAs with hot electron luminescence

Recombination of a free electron at the conduction band minimum with a neutral acceptor causes the prominent (e,A0) luminescence peak near the band gap of p-GaAs, Although the resulting emission is orders of magnitude weaker, electrons well above the conduction band minimum can also radiatively recombine with neutral acceptors. At low optically injected densities, Mirlin et al.1 have shown that there is a rich oscillatory structure to this hot (e,A0) spectrum resulting from the cascade nature of the electron cooling by LO phonon emission.
Cooperative electrocatalytic alcohol oxidation with electron-proton-transfer mediators

The electrochemical oxidation of alcohols is a major focus of energy and chemical conversion efforts, with potential applications ranging from fuel cells to biomass utilization and fine-chemical synthesis. Small-molecule electrocatalysts for processes of this type are promising targets for further development, as demonstrated by recent advances in nickel catalysts for electrochemical production and oxidation of hydrogen. Complexes with tethered amines that resemble the active site of hydrogenases have been shown both to catalyse hydrogen production (from protons and electrons) with rates far exceeding those of such enzymes and to mediate reversible electrocatalytic hydrogen production and oxidation with enzyme-like performance. Progress in electrocatalytic alcohol oxidation has been more modest. Nickel complexes similar to those used for hydrogen oxidation have been shown to mediate efficient electrochemical oxidation of benzyl alcohol, with a turnover frequency of 2.1 per second. These compounds exhibit poor reactivity with ethanol and methanol, however. Organic nitroxyls, such as TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine N-oxyl), are the most widely studied electrocatalysts for alcohol oxidation. These catalysts exhibit good activity (1–2 turnovers per second) with a wide range of alcohols and have great promise for electro-organic synthesis. Their use in energy-conversion applications, however, is limited by the high electrode potentials required to generate the reactive oxoammonium species. Here we report (2,2′-bipyridine)Cu/nitroxyl co-catalyst systems for electrochemical alcohol oxidation that proceed with much faster rates, while operating at an electrode potential a half-volt lower than that used for the TEMPO-only process. The (2,2′-bipyridine)Cu(II) and TEMPO redox partners exhibit cooperative reactivity and exploit the low-potential, proton-coupled TEMPO/TEMPOH redox process rather than the high-potential TEMPO/TEMPO+ process. The results show how electron-proton-transfer mediators, such as TEMPO, may be used in combination with first-row transition metals, such as copper, to achieve efficient two-electron electrochemical processes, thereby introducing a new concept for the development of non-precious-metal electrocatalysts.
Cross-layer design for cyber-physical systems of coordinated networked vehicles over bi-directional middleware

This paper addresses the problem of cross-layer design of cyber-physical systems to cope with interactions between the cyber layer and the physical layer in a dynamic environment. We propose a bi-directional middleware that allows the optimal utilization of the common resources for the benefit of either or both the layers in order to obtain overall system performance. This has been implemented over Etherware, a prior developed separation-based middleware for networked control systems as the bridge between the layers. Our implementation employs a Resource Manager module to handle common resources between the layers on Etherware. A case study of network connectivity preservation in vehicular formation control illustrates how this approach applies to particular situations of interest.
An Integrated Information System for Financial Investment

With the globalization and integration of world financial markets, the success in information system has become a critical issue for financial investment institutes in financial service sector. Information system support has started to encompass the whole range of operational and decision-making activities in investment and financial industry. In this study, we take the challenge by integrating artificial intelligent techniques into the framework of the financial management information system. Particularly, we address the effectiveness of neural networks based trading strategy decision support system and discuss how it could be integrated into the information system to improve uncovering accurate trading signals and maximizing trading profits. In addition, we also analyze the investment firms’ complicated and dynamic environment, where the sources of information for trading decision making comes from, and show the advantage of artificial intelligent techniques in dealing with such nonlinear and complex information. The results obtained from this study demonstrate the potential value of neural networks in financial management information systems, by discovering patterns and trading signals in noisy and dynamic financial data and by integrating with other decision support systems in making a more optimized trading strategy.
Don't be satisfied, identify! Strengthening positive spillover by connecting pro-environmental behaviors to an “environmentalist” label

Abstract Theoretically, performing pro-environmental behaviors can lead to positive spillover (increased future pro-environmental behaviors or strengthened environmental attitudes) by increasing someone's acceptance of an environmental self-identity, or negative spillover by alleviating guilt motivations which fuel some environmental actions. Labeling someone an “environmentalist” in connection to performance of pro-environmental behaviors could strengthen the positive spillover route through emphasizing environmental self-identity rather than guilt reduction. In Study 1, participants perceiving that they performed many pro-environmental behaviors reported greater environmental self-identity strengthening their environmental attitudes, but simultaneously reported a reduction in guilt weakening their environmental attitudes. Since both positive spillover and negative spillover routes were active, there was not a significant total spillover effect from pro-environmental behavior to environmental attitudes. In Study 2, however, labeling those who perceived they performed many pro-environmental behaviors as “environmentalists” led to stronger environmental self-identity with no simultaneous reduction of guilt, increasing the total positive spillover.
NCO-03NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING IN THE FIRST YEAR FOLLOWING DIAGNOSIS OF PEDIATRIC MEDULLOBLASTOMA: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM CHILDREN'S ONCOLOGY GROUP (COG) ACNS0331

BACKGROUND: Cognitive late effects in survivors of medulloblastoma are well-documented; however, the onset and development of domain-specific difficulties have not yet been well-described in large, prospective samples of children. We aimed to examine neuropsychological functioning of children receiving treatment for medulloblastoma on a COG protocol within the first year after diagnosis. METHODS: Children aged 8 and older who were diagnosed with medulloblastoma and treated on COG ACNS0331 were invited to participate in neuropsychological testing as part of the original study design or, later, in conjunction with COG protocol ALTE07C1. All children received 24 Gy of cranial-spinal radiation with a boost either to the tumor bed or to the entire posterior fossa as well as standard chemotherapy. Participants were evaluated at 9 (+ 3) months post-diagnosis with a battery measuring intellectual functioning, processing speed, and working memory. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-one participants (mean age = 12.3, range = 8-20, 61.5% male, 77.6% white) were evaluated. Early medical complications included 19.3% (n = 31) children with cerebellar mutism and 29.8% (n = 48) with treated hydrocephalus. Mean estimated IQ was in the average range, as measured by age-appropriate versions of the Wechsler scales (Mean = 96.4, SD = 15.4). In contrast, processing speed scores were impaired (Mean = 80.3, SD = 13.6). Estimated IQ and processing speed scores were unrelated to baseline demographics; however, slower processing speed was significantly associated with treated hydrocephalus (Treated hydrocephalus M = 73. 3; F = 3.31, p <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Children with medulloblastoma evidenced impaired processing speed in the first year after diagnosis, which was further diminished for children with treated hydrocephalus. Slower processing speed has been linked to reduced white matter volume in children treated with cranial radiation. These deficits may be the first indicator of emerging, treatment-related cognitive late effects.
EXCAP exercise to improve fatigue, cardiopulmonary function, and strength: A phase II RCT among older prostate cancer patients receiving radiation and androgen deprivation therapy.

9010 Background: Radiation therapy (RT) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) result in cancer-related fatigue (CRF), decreased cardiopulmonary function (CPF) and decreased strength. Research sugg...
AsyncClock: Scalable Inference of Asynchronous Event Causality

Asynchronous programming model is commonly used in mobile systems and Web 2.0 environments. Asynchronous race detectors use algorithms that are an order of magnitude performance and space inefficient compared to conventional data race detectors. We solve this problem by identifying and addressing two important problems in reasoning about causality between asynchronous events.Unlike conventional signal-wait operations, establishing causal order between two asynchronous events is fundamentally more challenging as there is no common handle they operate on. We propose a new primitive named AsyncClock that addresses this problem by explicitly tracking causally preceding events, and show that AsyncClock can handle a wide variety of asynchronous causality models. We also address the important scalability problem of efficiently identifying heirless events whose metadata can be reclaimed.We built the first single-pass, non-graph-based Android race detector using our algorithm and applied it to find errors in 20 popular applications. Our tool incurs about 6x performance overhead, which is several times more efficient than the state-of-the-art solution. It also scales well with the execution length. We used our tool to find 147 previously unknown harmful races.
Wafer-level packaged flexible and bendable MEMS accelerometer for robotics and prosthetics

Flexible accelerometers, attached on robotic or prosthetic components are needed for sensing the motion or orientation to augment functionality and ensure safety of users. Flexibility, bendability and low profile enable ubiquitous presence without hindrance to the user. This paper presents design, simulation, fabrication and experimental characterization of MEMS accelerometers, wafer-level packaged between two polyimide layers and thus are bendable up to 1.0 cm radius of curvature with no performance degradation. The devices are compatible with robotic or prosthetic fingertips, which also have a similar curvature. Novelty lies in (1) wafer-level packaging with a polyimide substrate and a superstrate, (2) novel low-temperature fabrication process to maintain the integrity of the polyimide layers, (3) the use of double UV-LIGA process on a flexible substrate to achieve six-fold increase in sensitivity. The bendable packaged devices have increased sensitivity as high as 194 fF/g. The range of applied acceleration on the devices is ±4g.
Congenital Etiology Is an Independent Risk Factor for Complications in Adolescents Undergoing Corrective Scoliosis Surgery: Comparison of In-hospital Comorbidities Using Nationwide KID's Inpatient Database.

BACKGROUND Congenital scoliosis (CS) is associated with more rigid, complex deformities relative to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) which theoretically increases surgical complications. Despite extensive literature studying AIS patients, few studies have been performed on CS patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate complications associated with spinal fusions for CS and AIS. METHODS A retrospective review of the Kid's Inpatient Database (KID) years 2000 to 2009 was performed. Inclusion: patients under 20 years with ICD-9 diagnosis codes for idiopathic scoliosis (IS-without concomitant congenital anomalies) and CS, undergoing spinal fusion from the KID years 2000 to 2009. Two analyses were performed according to age below 10 years and 10 years and above. Univariate analysis described differences in demographics, comorbidities, intraoperative complications, and clinical values between groups. Binary logistic regression controlling for age, sex, race, and invasiveness predicted complications risk in CS (odds ratios; 95% confidence interval). RESULTS In total, 25,131 patients included (IS, n=22443; CS, n=2688). For patients under age 10, CS patients underwent 1 level shorter fusions (P<0.001), had fewer comorbidities (P<0.001), and sustained similar complication incidence. In the 10 and over age analysis, CS patients similarly had shorter fusions, but greater comorbidities, and significantly more complications (odds ratio, 1.6; confidence interval, 1.4-1.8). CONCLUSIONS CS patients have higher in-hospital complication rates. With more comorbidities, these patients have increased risk of sustaining procedure-related complications such as shock, infection, and Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome. These data help to counsel patients and their families before spinal fusion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III-retrospective review of a prospectively collected database.
Murine breast cancer mastectomy model that predicts patient outcomes for drug development.

Abstract Background Despite massive expenditures in preclinical studies, many breast cancer agents show efficacy in murine models but fail in human trials. In humans, metastatic disease determines survival, but preclinical murine models only evaluate drug efficacy against the primary tumor. We hypothesized that evaluating efficacy against metastatic breast cancer would more efficiently predict efficacy in a murine model than evaluating the primary tumor alone. This study (1) critically evaluated a murine tumor removal model with metastatic tumor burden quantification for breast cancer preclinical trials and (2) validated the model with an agent that previously passed preclinical trials but failed human trials. Materials and methods Tumorectomy and Halsted (radical) mastectomy procedures after inoculation of 4T1-luc2 cells were compared. The effect of AZD0530, an oral Src inhibitor that passed preclinical trials but failed human trials, was evaluated using an inoculation model with/without Halsted mastectomy. Results Significant amounts of residual disease were confirmed by bioluminescence (P = 0.003) and 100% developed local recurrence after tumorectomy versus 14% (P = 0.005) after Halsted mastectomy. Bioluminescence value at 15 min after luciferin injection highly correlated with peak except for 24 h after injection. AZD0530 significantly suppressed primary tumor burden compared with no treatment (P = 0.002); but not in lung metastases. In a Halsted mastectomy model, AZD0530 had no efficacy against lung metastases or difference in survival. Conclusions We critically evaluated and established a murine mastectomy model to evaluate metastatic tumors. It provides a new model for preclinical drug development that mimics the human adjuvant setting.
Multi-resolution multiplexing for 5G wireless spectral efficiency enhancement in strong noise

Spectral efficiency enhancement is one of the important objectives of the next generation wireless communication systems. This paper introduces multi-resolution multiplexing (MM), a novel loading mechanism to assign proper rate to each bit of 2n-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) code-word so as to enhance its overall spectral efficiency. 2n-QAM with rectangular constellation is decomposed into resolutions where each resolution describes the gain of a unique bit in the code-word. 2n-QAM is modeled as a number of co-existing, independent bipolar binary phase shift keying (BPSK) sub-channels in baseband in-phase and quadrature branches, where it behaves like baseband multiple-input system in each branch. At receiver, successive interference cancellation (SIC) algorithm detects the multiple-output baseband BPSK sub-channels. It is shown that the performance of the SIC algorithm is equivalent to that of maximum likelihood, hard decision decoder. Spectral efficiency of 2n QAM before and after enhancement are compared. It is shown that in the presence of strong noise (low carrier to noise ratio), the proposed approach significantly enhances the modulation's spectral efficiency, against evenly loaded QAM. In this paper, multi-resolution roots in different power level of the modulation code-word's bits of 2n-QAM, where it results in different capacity of the loaded data on each bit.
Exploring Gender Minorities' Bathroom Rights Under the Donald Trump Presidency

In the final two years of Barack Obama’s presidential administration, the United States executive branch made herculean strides to increase the bathroom rights of intersex and transgender Americans. Nevertheless, under President Obama’s successor, Donald Trump, the executive branch has repealed the previous administration’s memorandum in support of bathroom choice. This article explores the future of gender minorities’ bathroom rights in the United States, given the recent policy changes under the Donald Trump administration. Part I of this article provides a brief history of sex segregated bathrooms in the United States, as well as the reasons behind the United States continuing to maintain these sex-segregated spaces. Part II explores the impact of bathroom segregation on two specific gender minority groups: the intersex and the transgender. Part III explores recent efforts by gender-minority plaintiffs to use federal law to obtain greater bathrooms access. Finally, Part IV explores the likelihood of future gender-minority plaintiffs suing successfully to obtain bathroom access under existing federal laws.
Teaching Inclusion Through Alphapoems

This article profiles the author's use of alphapoems to develop college students' affective learning and advocacy toward people with disabilities. Examples and analyses of the students' work are provided. It was concluded that that alphapoems served to further pedagogical inquiry and evoked the felt experience of inclusion.
Diffuse polyposis of the colon

This patient presents the typical history, diarrhea in the young anemic patient, which is seen in diffuse polyposis. The disease is probably familial in this case, and had progressed to a carcinomatous degeneration of three of the polypoid masses. The problems arising in the treatment of such patients have been discussed.
Asherman’s Syndrome: A Critique And Current Review

PIP: Asherman's syndrome is described in today's context. Meaningful literature as it relates to the description and management of this entity is reviewed, and the forms of treatment used at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania or at the Philadelphia General Hospital are presented. Asherman's syndrome describes a variable amount of destruction of the endometrial cavity, diminished menstrual flow, infertility, and repeated pregnancy loss. The incidence of Asherman's syndrome was believed to be low, but Eriksen reported a 20-25% incidence of intrauterine adhesions of some degree in all patients treated with a dilatation and curettage within 2 months after delivery. The number of cases of Asherman's syndrome reported by other authors is unusually high, and a table of inferred incidence and therapeutic approaches is included. The main symptoms of Asherman's syndrome are infertility, secondary amenorrhea, cyclic painful hypoamenorrhea, menstrual irregularities, and habitual abortion. 11 patients with Asherman's syndrome presenting as intrauterine distortion and diminished menstrual flow were treated at the Department of Obstetics and Gynecology of the University of Pennsylvania, at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, or at the Philadelphia General Hospital during the interval between July 19678 and June 1972. The patients ranged in age from 22-37. 6 were referred for infertility, and 5 were diagnosed during the course of delivery of primary care. The therapeutic regimes which were used for most of these patients are listed in a table. The approach consisted of careful sounding of the uterine cavity, followed by dilatation and curettage with histologic examination. A pediatric Foley catheter was inserted into the uterine cavity and the bag was filled to a 3-ml volume. Conjugated estrogens were given at dosages of 5.0-7.5 mg daily in divided doses. The estrogen dose was increased in instances of breakthrough bleeding. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were initiated preoperatively in most cases. The Foley catheter was removed after 5-7 days. Antibiotics were continued for a week to 10 days, and the estrogens were continued for 21 days. It was possible to reestablish normal menstrual patterns in 6 of the 7 women with severe disease. Pregnancies were established in 4 of these patients. There were 2 spontaneous abortions. In patients with moderate disease, a return to normal menstrual pattern occurred in all instances, but only 2 became pregnant. 1 pregnancy went to term, and the other is still in progress.
Computational Modeling of Trabecular Bone Mechanics

Computational modeling has become an important tool for understanding trabecular bone mechanics. Models provide a means to investigate the individual and combined effects of changes in trabecular architecture, density, and material properties on overall trabecular bone mechanics. In experimental studies, specimen-specific models derived from high-resolution micro-CT scans provide a means to interpret the mechanical testing data at both macroscopic and tissue levels in order to calculate multi-scale material properties. More recently, micro-CT-based finite element modeling has been applied to the detailed investigation of the biomechanical effects of therapeutic treatments, and studies are now using such techniques to address the micro-mechanics of whole-bone behavior. Advances in computational power and solution algorithms have made trabecular bone modeling practical in almost any laboratory. Improvements in imaging technology, the spread of high-speed computing systems, and new computational algorithms will drive continued growth of this technique for the foreseeable future. In addition to its current role as a tool to study basic science and micro-mechanics, this technique may ultimately find clinical usage in diagnosis of disease and assessment of treatments.
Endothelial Regeneration of Large Vessels Is a Biphasic Process Driven by Local Cells with Distinct Proliferative Capacities.

The cellular and mechanistic bases underlying endothelial regeneration of adult large vessels have proven challenging to study. Using a reproducible in vivo aortic endothelial injury model, we characterized cellular dynamics underlying the regenerative process through a combination of multi-color lineage tracing, parabiosis, and single-cell transcriptomics. We found that regeneration is a biphasic process driven by distinct populations arising from differentiated endothelial cells. The majority of cells immediately adjacent to the injury site re-enter the cell cycle during the initial damage response, with a second phase driven by a highly proliferative subpopulation. Endothelial regeneration requires activation of stress response genes including Atf3, and aged aortas compromised in their reparative capacity express less Atf3. Deletion of Atf3 reduced endothelial proliferation and compromised the regeneration. These findings provide important insights into cellular dynamics and mechanisms that drive responses to large vessel injury.
Semi-Empirical Single Realization and Ensemble Crest Distributions of Long-Crest Nonlinear Waves

In wave basin model test of an offshore structure, waves that represent the given sea states have to be generated, qualified and accepted for the model test. We normally accept waves in wave calibration tests if the significant wave height, spectral peak period and spectrum match the specified target values. However, for model tests where the responses depend highly on the local wave motions (wave elevation and kinematics) such as wave impact on hull, green water impact on deck and air gap tests, additional qualification checks may be required. For instance, we may need to check wave crest probability distributions to avoid unrealistic wave crest in the test. To date, acceptance criteria of wave crest distribution calibration tests of large and steep waves of three-hour duration (full scale) have not been established. Two purposes of the work presented in the paper are:1. to define and clarify the wave crest probability distribution of single realization (PDSR) and the probability distribution of wave crest for an ensemble of realizations (PDER) of a given sea state in order to use them appropriately; and2. to develop semi-empirical probability distributions of nonlinear waves for both PDSR and PDER for easy, practical use.We found that in current practice ensemble and single realization distributions have the potential to be misinterpreted and misused. Clear understanding of the two kinds of distributions will help appropriate offshore design and production unit performance assessments. The semi-empirical formulas proposed in this paper were developed through regression analysis of crest distributions from a large number of sea states and realizations. Wave time series from potential flow simulations, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and model test results were used to establish the probability distributions. The nonlinear wave simulations were performed for three-hour duration assuming that they were long-crested. The sea states are assumed to be represented by JONSWAP spectrum, where a wide range of significant wave height, peak period, spectral peak parameter, and water depth were considered. Coefficients of the proposed semi-empirical probability distribution formulas, comparisons among crest distributions from numerical simulations and the semi-empirical formulas are presented in this paper.Copyright © 2018 by ASME
Minding the (Information) Gap: What Do Emerging Adult Adoptees Want to Know About Their Birth Parents?

The formation of an adoption information gap was examined for a group of 169 emerging adults (M= 25.0 years) who were adopted as infants. Participants completed interviews and questionnaires at adolescence and emerging adulthood (late teens to 20's). The Adoption Curiosity Pathway model guided research questions about formation of an adoption information gap, which exists when there is a difference between what an adopted person knows and what he or she desires to know, regarding his or her adoption. In addition, specific issues were identified about which emerging adults were curious. Differences in these specific issues were examined across gender and openness arrangement with birth parents at emerging adulthood. The most frequently sought information was medical and health history. Logistic regression analyses revealed that the formation of an adoption information gap, which contains the specific items of curiosity, was more likely for those who were less satisfied with the amount of openness with birth parents during both adolescence and emerging adulthood. Implications for practice are presented.
Creating a Day of Action to Advocate for the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)

Introduction CHIP insures nearly 9 million children across the United States. On September 30, 2017, CHIP funding expired. After over 100 days of uncertainty looming over states with exhausted resources, care for CHIP recipients hung in the balance. Pediatricians across the country were concerned that a program successful in reducing uninsured children to an all-time low was coming to an end. Methods Recognizing the significance of CHIP and the critical importance of families’ voices being heard, a group of pediatric residents developed the idea of Rally4Kids. Utilizing resources from the AAP Section on …
Quantifying Morphology of Cyprinella lutrensis x C. venusta Hybrids in Missouri

Non-native Cyprinella venusta (Blacktail Shiner) are known to occur in Truman Reservoir in Missouri. In 2017, we documented hybridization between C. venusta and native C. lutrensis (Red Shiner) within the reservoir. The goal of this study was to quantify hybrid morphology relative to the 2 parent species. We examined meristic relationships among individuals based on 4 different counts including: lateral line scale number, anal fin ray number, below lateral line scale rows, and circumferential scale rows. We also gathered geometric morphometric data, based on 14 homologous landmarks, from both hybrid and parent individuals. We then used principal component analysis to describe and visualize body shape variability among individuals, and ran ANOVA using principal component scores to test for body shape differences among hybrid and parent species. Meristic data displayed greater similarity between hybrid and C. venusta individuals compared to that of hybrid and C. lutrensis individuals. Geometric morphometric analyses determined that hybrid individuals were between C. lutrensis and C. venusta in morphospace. Hybrid individual shape was significantly different from both parent species, and this distinction was mainly driven by an intermediate body depth in hybrids. These results compliment findings of previous genetic research that was conducted on C. lutrensis x C. venusta hybrids but lacked full morphological comparisons.
Reflective intuition and the Copi card problem

In the 1970’s, a controversy arose about a probability problem posed by Irving Copi. One side argued that a common spontaneous intuition about the problem is correct; the other side argued that thi...
Going Beneath the Surface: Petroleum Pollution, Regulation, and Health

This paper quantifies the health impacts of petroleum leaks from underground storage tanks, the effectiveness of tank regulation, and the role of information as a policy tool in the same setting. Exposure to a leaking underground storage tank during gestation increases both the probability of low birthweight and preterm birth by 7–8 percent. Compliance with regulations requiring the adoption of preventative technologies mitigated the entire effect of leak exposure on low birthweight, and information increased avoidance and moving among highly educated mothers. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest the health benefits of preventative regulations exceed the upgrade cost to facilities.
Doctor-Patient Relationship

Our century is one of the most turbulent periods of history. I would mention only the two world wars, the collapse of four Dynasties — Romanof, Hohenzollern, Habsburg and Savoy — and the creation of a new Dynasty, that of Joan Collins — alias Alexis. During these years, medicine, too, has been revolutionized.
Epidemiological-environmental study of lead acid battery workers: III. Chronic effects of sulfuric acid on the respiratory system and teeth

The effects of long-term exposure to sulfuric acid mist on the teeth and respiratory system were studied in 248 workers in five plants manufacturing lead acid batteries. The prevalence of cough, phlegm, dyspnea, and wheezing as determined by questionnaire were not associated with estimates of cumulative acid exposure. There was only one case of irregular opacities seen on the chest radiographs. There was no statistically significant association of reduced FEV1, peak flow, FEF50, and FEF75 with acid exposure although the higher exposed group had lower mean values. FVC in the high exposure group showed a statistically significant reduction compared to the low exposure group, but there was no significant association when exposure was analyzed as a continuous variable. The ratio of observed to expected prevalence of teeth etching and erosion was about four times greater in the high acid-exposure group. The earliest case of etching occurred after 4 months exposure to an estimated average exposure of 0.23 mg/m3 sulfuric acid.
A History of the Soviet Union from the Beginning to the End: A great and patriotic war

1939–1941 Contrary to the impression Soviet diplomats wanted to create, the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact was more than a nonaggression treaty; Germany and the Soviet Union became de facto allies. A secret protocol was attached to the pact that delimited the future “spheres of influence” of the contracting parties, according to which the Soviet Union was to have a free hand in Finland, Bessarabia, Latvia, and Estonia. The protocol also established the precise line in Poland that was to divide German and Soviet occupation spheres. At the end of September, Ribbentrop returned to Moscow to modify the original division: Lithuania now fell in the Soviet zone, but the Wehrmacht occupied the Lublin district in Poland. Remarkably, as long as the Soviet Union lasted, Soviet spokesmen and historians denied that there was such a protocol despite all the available evidence. Stalin concluded his pact with the Nazis because he believed that the British and French would live up to their commitment to Poland and embark on a large-scale European war that would tie down Germany for some time. Without such a war, German military presence at the newly drawn Soviet border was too frightening to contemplate. Indeed, the Western powers declared war on Germany on September 3, and the Second World War began. The Soviet Union resisted German pressure and waited until September 17, that is until the Polish forces were more or less destroyed, before the Red Army crossed the Polish border and came to occupy territories assigned to it.
POI Pulse: A Multi-granular, Semantic Signature–Based Information Observatory for the Interactive Visualization of Big Geosocial Data

The volume, velocity, and variety of data that are now becoming available allow us to study urban environments based on human behaviour with a spatial, temporal, and thematic granularity that was not achievable until now. Such data-driven approaches open up additional, complementary perspectives on how urban systems function, especially if they are based on user-generated content (UGC). While the data sources, such as social media, introduce specific biases, they also open up new possibilities for scientists and the broader public. For instance, they provide answers to questions that previously could only be addressed by complex simulations or extensive human-participant surveys. Unfortunately, many of the required data sets are locked in data silos that are accessible only via restricted APIs. Even if these data could be fully accessed, their naϊve processing and visualization would surpass the abilities of modern computer architectures. Finally, the established place schemata used to study urban spaces differ substantially from UGC-based point-of-interest (POI) schemata. In this work, we present a multi-granular, data-driven, and theory-informed approach that addresses the key issues outlined above by introducing a theoretical and technical framework to interactively explore the pulse of a city based on social media. RESUME: Le volume, la rapidite et la variete des donnees maintenant disponibles permettent d’etudier les milieux urbains en fonction du comportement humain a un niveau spatial, temporel et granulaire thematique sans precedent. De telles methodes axees sur les donnees, et surtout celles fondees sur le contenu genere par l’utilisateur (CGU), proposent d’autres perspectives complementaires sur le fonctionnement des systemes urbains. Les sources de donnees (p. ex., medias sociaux) introduisent des biais precis, mais elles offrent de nouvelles possibilites aux scientifiques et au grand public (p. ex., en repondant a des questions qui, auparavant, necessitaient des simulations complexes ou de vastes enquetes aupres de participants humains). Malheureusement, beaucoup d’ensembles de donnees necessaires sont enfermes dans des reserves de donnees accessibles seulement par l’entremise d’interfaces de programmation d’applications (API) restreintes. Meme si l’on pouvait avoir pleinement accesa ces donnees, leur traitement et leur visualisation naϊfs depasseraient les capacites des architectures informatiques modernes. Enfin, le schema des lieux etabli que l’on utilise pour etudier les espaces urbains est considerablement different du schema des points d’interet (PI) fondes sur le CGU. L’article presente une methode multigranulaire fondee sur la theorie et les donnees qui abordent les principales difficultes soulevees precedemment en introduisant un cadre theorique et technique pour explorer de facon interactive le pouls d’une ville en fonction des medias sociaux.
A Fully Implicit Jacobian-Free High-Order Discontinuous Galerkin Mesoscale Flow Solver

In this work it is shown how to discretize the compressible Euler equations around a vertically stratified base state using the discontinuous Galerkin approach on collocated Gauss type grids. A stiffly stable Rosenbrock W-method is combined with an approximate evaluation of the Jacobian to integrate in time the resulting system of ODEs. Simulations with fully compressible equations for a rising thermal bubble are performed. Also included are simulations of an inertia gravity wave in a periodic channel. The proposed time-stepping method accelerates the simulation times with respect to explicit Runge-Kutta time stepping procedures having the same number of stages.
Single-step annealing of Be and Si implants in S.I. InP to minimize Be redistribution in the completed p/sup +//n junctions

The electrical characteristics of p/sup +//n junctions in semi-insulating InP, formed by using a deep Si implant and a shallow Be implant, are reported. Both the electrical and atomic profiles found by the investigation indicate that the anneal-induced redistribution of Be can be prevented if the Be and Si implants are activated in a single-step anneal. In addition it was found that prolonged anneal time and elevated temperatures have significantly reduced Be compensation near the surface.
Preparing Bilingual Teachers for the Future: Developing Culture and Linguistic Global Competence.

Increasing diversity and linguistics complexity in classrooms is occurring in schools throughout the world. Bilingual teachers need to develop knowledge and skills to succees in teaching diverse students.
The Future of the World Health Organization: Lessons Learned From Ebola

This year’s World Health Assembly (WHA) was critically important to the future of the World Health Organization (WHO). The 68th Assembly took 3 major steps to improve global health security: a global health emergency workforce, an emergency contingency fund, and a review of the International Health Regulations (IHR). Sadly, it failed to address WHO’s deep structural problems, which could threaten its legitimacy for a generation. The question asked by the WHO Independent Panel in July was how to make the Organization fit for purpose, including transformations in culture, leadership, and funding.1
Conjugated Linoleic Acids Alter Milk Fatty Acid Composition and Inhibit Milk Fat Secretion in Dairy Cows

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) have positive health effects in experimental models. Our objective was to determine the effect of CLA supplementation on milk of dairy cows. A commercial source of CLA was infused abomasally to by-pass rumen fermentation. The supplement contained 61.2% CLA; the major CLA isomers were cis/trans 8,10, cis/trans 9,11, cis/trans 10,12 and cis/trans 11,13. Four Holstein cows were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Treatments were 5-d infusions of 0, 50, 100 and 150 g/d of CLA supplement. Infusion increased milk fat content of CLA from 6.8 mg/g fat (zero dose) to 63.6 mg/g fat (highest dose). All of the major CLA isomers in the supplement were transferred to milk fat in a dose-dependent manner. Apparent efficiency of transfer to milk fat was 22.5, 22.5, 10.2 and 26.3% for cis/trans 8,10, cis/trans 9,11, cis/trans 10,12 and cis/trans 11,13, respectively. CLA infusion had no effect on milk protein and little effect on milk yield (21.5, 20.4, 20.9 and 18.3 kg/d for 0, 50, 100 and 150 g/d CLA supplement, respectively). However, CLA infusion dramatically reduced milk fat. On average, the content and yield of milk fat were reduced by 52 and 55%, respectively. The role of specific CLA isomers and mechanism(s) for the reduction in milk fat have not been established, although the pattern of milk fatty acids demonstrated effects were most pronounced on de novo fatty acid synthesis and the desaturation process. Overall, dietary supplemention of CLA increased milk fat content of CLA, altered milk fatty acid composition and markedly reduced the content and yield of milk fat.
Disorders of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation

The oxidation of long-chain fatty acids requires a series of enzymes which are located in or on the mitochondrial membranes. These include carnitine palmitoyltransferases I and II, a carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase and, newly discovered, very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and the mitochondrial trifunctional protein. These last two chain-shorten acyl-CoA esters to the point where they can be transferred to the more soluble medium- and short-chain-specific enzymes within the mitochondrial matrix. The disorders of long-chain fatty acid oxidation show a rather similar range of clinical and biochemical features, though with different emphasis in the different conditions. Patients with severe defects usually present early with acute attacks of hypoketotic hypoglycaemia and impaired liver function, or with cardiomyopathy or cardiac arrhythmia. In milder variants, skeletal myopathy with intermittent myoglobinuria develops later in life. 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is unusual in producing peripheral neuropathy and retinitis pigmentosa. Treatment is based on the avoidance of fasting and replacement of normal dietary fat by medium-chain triglyceride, the medium-chain fatty acids entering the mitochondria in a carnitine-independent manner and bypassing the long-chain part of the spiral. Diagnosis must ultimately be based on direct assay of the enzyme involved, but preliminary indicators may come from determination of carnitine and intermediate metabolites in plasma, urinary organic acid profiling, and radioisotopic screening assays with lymphocytes or cultured fibroblasts.