cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serotyping of Chlamydia psittaci isolates from ratites.

plicated by the widespread use of BVDV vaccines, as indicated by the high SN titers found in adult cattle that had received multiple BVDV vaccinations and in cattle exposed to Pl animals. In contrast, SN titer profiles of calves at weaning can be used to distinguish herds that contain Pl animals from uninfected herds that have received multiple MLV vaccinations. Further, SN titers of calves at weaning can indicate exposure of a herd to BVDV, regardless of the vaccination history of the dams. Acknowledgements. This project was supported by a grant from the Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture, University of Wyoming and Animal Health Funds. We thank Susan Blaha for her invaluable assistance with this project, Karen Hill, Michelle Albert, Mindy Wells, and Cody Molle for technical assistance, and Miles Laboratories and Y-Tex Corp. for their donations.
AMES: A framework for fair bandwidth sharing

Fair bandwidth sharing has been an active research area since the early days of networking. Today's networks employ packet dropping as the primary mechanism for reacting to congestion, while transport layer protocols are designed to adapt their rates based on the observed packet losses. Due to the increasing transmission speed and a disproportionate decrease in the end-to-end delay, future networks are expected to have a high bandwidth-delay product as compared to the networks of today. The cost of a packet retransmission increases with the increase in the bandwidth-delay product and decrease in buffer sizes. Hence, there is a need to develop new techniques, for a future clean-slate network design, to achieve fair bandwidth sharing that do not primarily rely on packet dropping. To this end, this paper develops a framework for fair bandwidth sharing called Access Mechanism for Efficient Sharing (AMES), where every core router in the network employs link-specific queuing, round-robin scheduling, and reacts to congestion by restricting the adjacent routers from transmitting, rather than dropping packets. The core-routers do not maintain any per-flow information, nor perform any flow-specific operation. We demonstrate the link utilization and fairness characteristics of the AMES framework through extensive simulations and compare it to the Core Stateless Fair Queuing (CSFQ) architecture developed in the literature.
Branched vascular network architecture: a new approach to lung assist device technology

Objective A lung assist device would serve an important clinical need as a bridge to transplant or destination therapy for patients with end-stage lung disease. A new lung assist device has been developed that incorporates a branched network of vascular channels adjacent to a gas chamber, separated by a thin, gas-permeable membrane. This study investigated 2 potential gas exchange membranes within this new architecture. Methods Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange within the device was tested in vitro using 3 gas-permeable membranes. Two of the membranes, silicone only and silicone-coated microporous polymer, were plasma impermeable. The third, a microporous polymer, was used as a control. Gas exchange testing was done using anticoagulated porcine blood over a range of flow rates. Results Oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer was demonstrated in the device and increased nearly linearly from 0.6 to 8.0 mL/min blood flow for all of the membranes. There was no significant difference in the gas transfer between the silicone and the silicone-coated microporous polymer membranes. The transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the device was similar to existing hollow fiber oxygenators controlling for surface area. Conclusions The silicone and silicone-coated microporous polymer membranes both show promise as gas-permeable membranes in a new lung assist device design. Further optimization of the device by improving the membranes and reducing the channel diameter in the vascular network will improve gas transfer. The current device may be scaled up to function as an adult lung assist device.
Sexuality, the Media, and Intercountry Adoption: Recent Changes in China-U.S. Adoption Policy

(2004). Sexuality, the Media, and Intercountry Adoption: Recent Changes in China-U.S. Adoption Policy. Asian Anthropology: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 129-151.
A pilot study of women’s affective responses to common and uncommon forms of aerobic exercise

Objective: To test the extent to which participants exposed to an uncommon versus common exercise stimulus would result in more favourable affect at post-task.Design: Experimental design. Participants (N = 120), American women aged 18–45 years, were randomly assigned to complete 30-min of either the uncommon (HOOP; n = 58) or common (WALK; n = 62) exercise stimulus.Main outcome measures: Self-reported affect and intentions for future exercise were measured before and after the 30-min exercise bout.Results: Analyses of covariance were run to compare post-task affect across the HOOP and WALK conditions. At post-task, participants assigned to HOOP reported more positively valenced affect, higher ratings of positive activated affect, lower ratings of negative deactivated affect, and stronger intentions for future aerobic exercise compared to participants assigned to WALK.Conclusions: Participants who completed an uncommon bout of aerobic exercise (HOOP) reported more favourable affect post-exercise, as well ...
Caffeinated and non-caffeinated alcohol use and indirect aggression: The impact of self-regulation

Research shows that heavier alcohol use is associated with physical aggression. Scant research has examined the way in which alcohol relates to other forms of aggression, such as indirect aggression (e.g., malicious humor, social exclusion). Given the possible negative consequences of indirect aggression and the limited evidence suggesting alcohol use can elicit indirectly aggressive responses, research is needed to further investigate the association between drinking behavior and indirect aggression. Additionally, specific alcoholic beverages, such as caffeinated alcoholic beverages (CABs; e.g., Red Bull and vodka), may potentiate aggression above the influence of typical use, and thus warrant examination with regard to indirect aggression. One factor that may impact the strength of the alcohol-indirect aggression and CAB-indirect aggression relationships is one's level of self-regulation. Consequently, our study examined the relationships between (1) alcohol use and indirect aggression, (2) CAB use and indirect aggression, and (3) self-regulation as a moderator. Participants were 733 (67.6% female) undergraduate students who reported their CAB and alcohol use, self-regulation, and aggressive behaviors. Results revealed that heavier alcohol use was associated with more frequent indirect aggression after controlling for dispositional aggression. Heavier CAB use was related to more frequent indirect aggression after accounting for typical use and dispositional aggression. Self-regulation moderated these associations such that for those with lower self-regulation, greater alcohol and CAB consumption was associated with greater indirect aggression. Our findings suggest that heavier alcohol and CAB consumption may be risk factors for engaging in indirect aggression and this risk is impacted by one's regulatory control.
More Stage a Prostatic Cancers, Less Surgery for Benign Hypertrophy in Smokers

AbstractRecords were reviewed of 396 men less than 75 years old with a history of transurethral prostatectomies, known smoking habits, height, weight and no prostate malignancy more advanced than stage A. The 51 men with stage A cancer included more current smokers than the 345 without malignancy (45.1% versus 22.3%, odds ratio 2.9, confidence interval 1.6 to 4.5, p <0.001). Prostatectomy specimens from smokers were smaller than those from nonsmokers (21.4 versus 26.9gm., p <0.005) and those from cancer patients were smaller than those from men without cancer. Small adenomas included more cancers per kilogram than large adenomas in smokers and nonsmokers. Men with a history of prostatectomy were less often current smokers than 128 men with newly diagnosed colon cancer (22.3% versus 42.2%, odds ratio 0.49, confidence interval 0.27 to 0.77), and less often ever smokers than 325 men from a general internist’s office (46.5% versus 55.4%, odds ratio 0.70, confidence interval 0.52 to 0.94). These data suggest s...
Stream Nutrient Criteria for Evaluating Water Eutrophication and Biota Conditions

Copyright: © 2013 Guo M. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Water flew vividly over stones in a wadablestream, singing and winding through mountains toward east. Small fishes swam in water pools enjoying the penetrating sunlight. Several turtles were getting sun on rocks along the banks. A mother crab and a school of baby crabs ran in panic after a random stone in the stream was turned over. This was a typical scene in China before 1980. Now turtles and crabs have disappeared from most streams, and fishes become scarce. The wide use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in China’s agriculture since the beginning of 1980s has resulted in severe contamination of the natural water system, extinguishing many sensitive aquatic organisms. Synthetic fertilizers containing 29.5 million tons of N and 6.1 million tons of P were applied to China’s cropland in 2010, as compared with the 1980 level at 9.1 million tons of N and 1.2 million tons of P [1]. It was estimated that 6.8 and 0.41 million tons of N and P, respectively, were lost in from cropland to China’s surface water and groundwater via runoff, leaching, and soil erosion in 2010 [1]. Counting other nutrient sources in the food chain (e.g., livestock, household, and food processing), in 2010 China’s freshwater system received in total 15.2 and 2.8 million tons of N and P, respectively [1].
243 Comparison of Outcomes for Heart Transplantation Following Continuous Versus Pulsatile Flow Ventricular Assist Device Bridging

the treatment of chronic heart failure(CHF) is worldwide tremendously increasing. Therefore, we analyzed the outcome of patients suffering from end-stage-CHF in whom a LVAD(HeartWare-HVAD) was implanted with a newly developed surgical technique. Methods and Materials: Between April,2011 and November,2011 we retrospectively analyzed the data of 19 patients who were operated at our institution with a novel, minimized approach:first, using cardiopulmonary bypass, LVAD pump was inserted through anterolateral thoracotomy and secondly, LVAD-outflowgraft was anastomosed end-to-side to the ascending-aorta through upper-hemisternotomy. Results: In 19 patients a novel, minimized approach for LVAD implantation was used. Mean age of the patient population (17men/2women) was 51.1 13years(range:19-74years). Etiology of heart failure was widely distributed (DCM-10,ICM-6,toxic-CM-1,postpartal-CM-1,Myocarditis-1). One patient died within the first 30days(1/13),none of the patients revealed wound infections(0/19),only one patient right ventricular assist device implantation(RVAD) became necessary to treat the occurrence of perioperative right heart failure(1/19). Finally,all surviving patients(100%) were successfully discharged to rehabilitation-centre. Conclusions: Surgical implantation of centrifugal pumps through this novel, minimized approach is proven to be feasible and associated with several positive effects. Surgical trauma is minimized which leads to reduced complication rates; the pericardium remains closed which protects the RV against over-dilation. In summary, 30-day-mortality for this high risk patient collection remains very low.
Surveillance on suspected adverse events following immunization in Qingpu district of Shanghai city in 2012

Objective To analyze the occurrence of suspected adverse events following immunization( AEFI) in Qingpu district,and to evaluate the operation of AEFI surveillance system and the safety of vaccination. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was adopted to analyze AEFI data in Qingpu district in 2012. Results A total of 586 AEFI cases were reported,with an incidence of 136. 56 /105,including 581 cases with common reactions(99. 15%),4 cases with abnormal reactions(0. 68%),1 case with coincidental events(0. 17%). AEFI cases tended to occur from May to August(49. 66%),mainly including fever(50. 34%) and local swelling(33. 96%). AEFI cases were likely to occur after the injection of DPT vaccine,MenV- A vaccine and hemophilus influenza type B(HIB) vaccine,and the top three were Penta-components vaccine,DPT vaccine,MenV- A vaccine. Of the 586 reported cases,594 were cured,2 improved. Conclusions AEFI surveillance shows a higher sensitivity in Qingpu district,but needs further improving. Standardized vaccination should be strengthened,as wall as public communication.
Between Two Eras Anna Rosenberg and the Maintaining of the Alternative View of Public Administration, 1941-1945

Since the early 1990s, scholars have expanded their examination of historical context in the development of public administration in the United States, particularly in the area of gender. No one, h...
Abstract 237: Enrichment of AXL-high/ MITF-low melanoma cells in the presence of MAPK inhibitorsin vitro

BRAF and MEK inhibitors have become a standard of care for patients with metastatic BRAF mutant (V600) melanoma. Despite their success, 10- 20% of patients exhibit ‘intrinsic’ resistance and fail to respond to treatment. Recently, distinct transcriptional profiles have been associated with sensitivity to these drugs with intrinsically resistant melanomas exhibiting an AXL-high/ MITF-low phenotype (1). Using melanoma cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia with matched gene expression data, we confirmed that AXL-high/ MITF-low cell lines had increased resistance to both BRAF (Dabrafenib) and MEK (Trametinib) inhibitors, either singly or in combination. Using flow cytometry with an AXL antibody, we observed that AXL-high/ MITF-low resistant cell lines frequently exhibited a high percentage of AXL+ cells (≥90%) while AXL-low/ MITF-high sensitive cell lines showed the opposite (≤5%). We hypothesized that the small percentage of AXL+ cells in the sensitive cell lines may be responsible for mechanisms of adaptive or acquired resistance (a feature that is frequently observed with the use of BRAF and MEK inhibitors in vitro and in the clinic). To explore this, we cultured sensitive cell lines in vitro for 5 days in the presence of combined Dabrafenib and Trametinib (DT) and performed flow cytometry to determine if there was a change in the percentage of AXL+ cells. All sensitive cell lines exhibited an enrichment of AXL+ cells with increasing concentrations of DT (maximum increase compared to DMSO control across individual cell lines ranged from 10% to 85%). It is unknown whether this phenomenon could be explained by a clonal selection or ‘plastic’ epigenetic reprogramming process and as such, we are currently performing experiments to determine this. Looking to the future, identifying potential dependencies of AXL-low/ MITF-high melanomas will deepen our understanding of the biology supporting this resistant state and provide a platform for the design of future clinical intervention strategies in this subset of patients. 1) Konieczkowski et al. 2014. Cancer Discovery. A melanoma cell state distinction influences sensitivity to MAPK pathway inhibitors. 4(7):816-27. Citation Format: Ken Dutton-Regester, Levi Garraway. Enrichment of AXL-high/ MITF-low melanoma cells in the presence of MAPK inhibitors in vitro . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 237.
The Medieval Presence in Modernist Literature: The Quest to Fail

Jonathan Ullyot's The Medieval Presence in Modernist Literature rethinks the influence that early medieval studies and Grail narratives had on modernist literature. Through examining several canonical works, from Henry James' The Golden Bowl to Samuel Beckett's Molloy, Ullyot argues that these texts serve as a continuation of the Grail legend inspired by medieval scholarship of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Rather than adapt the story of the Grail, modernist writers intentionally failed to make the Grail myth cohere, thus critiquing the way a literary work establishes its authority by alluding to previous traditions. While the quest to fail is a modernist ethic often misconceived as a pessimistic response to the collapse of traditional humanism, the modernist writings of Eliot, Kafka, and Celine posit that the possibility of redemption presents itself only when hope has finally been abandoned.
Kant's vision of the moral hero and the «laws of arithmeric»

Apres avoir explique les modalites de la raison pratique emettant un jugement moral, l'A. explique en quoi consiste l'ideal moral de Kant. Il soutient que les deux versions qui en sont donnees, l'une fondee sur la bonne volonte (une disposition morale dans le conflit) et l'autre fondee sur la volonte sainte (archetype de la purete morale) representent des visions incompatibles de la vie morale
A high-speed two-frame, 1-2 ns gated X-ray CMOS imager used as a hohlraum diagnostic on the National Ignition Facility (invited)

A novel x-ray imager, which takes time-resolved gated images along a single line-of-sight, has been successfully implemented at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). This Gated Laser Entrance Hole diagnostic, G-LEH, incorporates a high-speed multi-frame CMOS x-ray imager developed by Sandia National Laboratories to upgrade the existing Static X-ray Imager diagnostic at NIF. The new diagnostic is capable of capturing two laser-entrance-hole images per shot on its 1024 × 448 pixels photo-detector array, with integration times as short as 1.6 ns per frame. Since its implementation on NIF, the G-LEH diagnostic has successfully acquired images from various experimental campaigns, providing critical new information for understanding the hohlraum performance in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments, such as the size of the laser entrance hole vs. time, the growth of the laser-heated gold plasma bubble, the change in brightness of inner beam spots due to time-varying cross beam energy transfer, and plasma instability growth near the hohlraum wall.
Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Coffee at the Vegetative Stage as Influenced by Fertilizer Application Method.

Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient for coffee production in Colombia. An adequate supply is especially important during the vegetative period of growth, since any deficiency during this short period is known to have lasting effects on subsequent coffee bean production. Urea fertilizer is commonly applied on the soil surface since steep slopes hamper incorporation into soil, a practice which increases the risk of N volatilization. Little information is available on N recovery during early growth stages under different fertilizer application practices. The aim of this study was therefore to provide a comparison of 15N uptake during the early vegetative growth stage under surface-applied and incorporation practices at two contrasting locations. The highest proportion of plant N derived from fertilizer (Ndff) occurred 60 days following application at the site with greater precipitation and soil organic matter, where surface application also increased the Ndff in roots and stems after 120 days. Although fertilizer N supplied approximately 20-29% of total plant N after four months, this fertilizer-derived N corresponded on average to only 5% of the total application, indicating that very little fertilizer (relative to how much is applied) reaches plants during this time. Apart from the difference in Ndff observed at the wetter site, there was no effect of application method on dry weight and macronutrient content in different plant components, root to shoot ratio, and leaf 13C content. However, site effects were registered for most of these measurements, with the exception of total nutrient uptake. Similarly to Ndff trends, lower root/shoot ratio and higher concentrations of N, K and Mg in aboveground biomass were found in the site with higher rainfall and soil organic matter, likely resulting from higher soil water and N availability. These findings provide new information useful as a direction for further research looking forward increasing NUE during the vegetative stage in Colombian coffee crops.
Untreated donor specific antibodies against HLA are associated with poor outcomes in peripheral blood haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation

Untreated donor specific antibodies against HLA are associated with poor outcomes in peripheral blood haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation
Omentin as a biomarker associated with improved overall survival in serous ovarian cancer.

5584 Background: Omentin is a protective adipokine secreted by the mesothelial cells of visceral adipose tissue. Its expression is inversely related to obesity and low levels have been found to be ...
Education, Administration, and Class Struggle at the Museum of Modern Art, 1937-1969

In the 1950s and 1960s, the Department of Education of the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York reached the pinnacle of success. Within a span of a few months, however, programs were canceled, the staff of 40 was given notice, and their office and gallery spaces were reassigned. The evidence suggests that MoMA’s staff fractured along class lines, with the museum’s board, administration, and curators on one side and its education staff on the other. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of symbolic capital and cultural reproduction, and the theory of the artworld proposed by George Dickie, this article explores the possibility that class struggle played a role in the education department’s demise.
Offering a Creative Track in the Advertising Major: A Case History:

Many undergraduate advertising programs struggle with the question of how best to deal with students interested in a career on the creative side of the advertising industry, particularly since thes...
Prediction of Metal Flow and Temperatures in Axisymmetric Deformation Processes

In metal deformation processes, the knowledge of metal flow, velocity, strain rate, strain, and temperature distributions is helpful in optimizing process variables such as deformation speed, initial temperatures, and lubrication conditions. In order to estimate the non-steady-state temperature fields in a deformation process, it is necessary to know: (a) a kinematically admissible and continuous velocity field which describes the metal flow adequately in the deformation zone; (b) the thermal properties of product and tooling materials; and (c) the flow stress of deforming material as a function of strain, strain rate, and temperature.
Connecting human and machine learning via probabilistic models of cognition

Human performance defines the standard that machine learning systems aspire to in many areas, including learning language. This suggests that studying human cognition may be a good way to develop better learning algorithms, as well as providing basic insights into how the human mind works. However, in order for ideas to flow easily from cognitive science to computer science and vice versa, we need a common framework for describing human and machine learning. I will summarize recent work exploring the hypothesis that probabilistic models of cognition, which view learning as a form of statistical inference, provide such a framework, including results that illustrate how novel ideas from statistics can inform cognitive science. Specifically, I will talk about how probabilistic models can be used to identify the assumptions of learners, learn at different levels of abstraction, and link the inductive biases of individuals to cultural universals.
High resolution Brillouin gain spectroscopy in solids

Brillouin scattering refers to the scattering of light by acoustic waves. Stimulated Brillouin scattering plays an important role in limiting optical power transmission for both high power applications, such as laser fusion, and long path applications, such as optical fiber communications.
STEREOCHEMICAL CONTROL IN MACROCYCLE SYNTHESIS

Abstract Stereocontrolled synthesis of the C 1 -C 9 segment of erythronolide is described. Introduction of stereochemistry at C 5 and C 6 depends on a prediction of transition state conformation for osmylation of a 9-or 10-membered ring alkene. Local conformational effects are believed to account for selectivity, and their importance is probed in several other medium ring alkenes.
The Wealth Effects of Real Estate Spin-Offs

This study examines the wealth effects surrounding the separation of real estate operations via spin-off. Parent firms of spin-offs in this sample experienced a significant abnormal two-day return of 3.195% for days-1 and 0 of the announcement date in the Wall Street Journal. Tracking the performance of the spun off firms and the parent firms that survived for twenty-four months after the spin-off showed that neither the portfolio of subsidiaries nor the portfolio of parent firms earned returns significantly different from the market portfolio.
Prurient Ethics: Representing Multiple Subjectivity in Gravity's Rainbow

To discuss subjectivity in relation to ethics is difficult because such a focus necessarily invokes ideas of difference, and difference as a theoretical term has many definitions in a variety of critical conversations. On the one hand, poststructuralism–the work of Jacques Derrida, Julia Kristeva, Michel Foucault, Jacques Lacan and Gilles Deleuze–theorizes difference in terms of linguistic instability and textual indeterminacy. Alternatively, in many contemporary social fields, difference is the political recognition of the sexed, gendered and raced variety of a nation's citizenship. As theoretical and political vocabularies mix, each different use of the word difference hijacks each of its alternative meanings; each new use attempts to change the criteria of ethical judgment. On this uncertain ground we in the United States arrive at a place where difference stands as a significant measure of moral reasoning at the same time its theoretical uncertainty hinders our ability to know the subjects of inquiry. What follows is the disappearance of the other that our concern with difference set out to locate, and with that erasure comes the isolation of the individual subject. The impossibility of knowing the other, that is, the death of the subject, is well established; and yet the impossibility of the impossibility of the subject is equally clear, for as soon as the universal subject disappears, individual subjectivity, our own particularity, takes its place. Evidently, once we recognize the impossibility of any stable self or any fixed meanings, we are cast back onto the self we thought abandoned, namely, the particular physiological and philosophical body we carry around with us (or that carries us around) each day.
The Condition and Trend of Aspen, Willows, and Associated Species on the Northern Yellowstone Range

On the Ground • Aspen, willows, cottonwoods and other deciduous shrubs and trees play a pivotal role in the natural ecosystem function of the Northern Range, and they provide critical habitat for numerous species of native plants and animals. • Deciduous shrubs and trees were much more abundant on the Northern Range in primeval times than they are today, especially on the portion of the Northern Range inside Yellowstone National Park. • The primary cause of the declines in deciduous shrubs and trees is repeated heavy browsing by elk and bison--not normal plant succession or climatic changes - and heavy browsing is continuing to further degrade most Northern Range aspen, willow, and cottonwood plant communities inside Yellowstone National Park. • Excessive browsing is occurring because modern-day management has allowed bison and elk populations to become unnaturally large. • Current policy directs the National Park Service to intervene with active management where primeval and present conditions differ because of human actions.
Hyperspectral imaging fluorescence excitation scanning (HIFEX) microscopy for live cell imaging

In the past two decades, spectral imaging technologies have expanded the capacity of fluorescence microscopy for accurate detection of multiple labels, separation of labels from cellular and tissue autofluorescence, and analysis of autofluorescence signatures. These technologies have been implemented using a range of optical techniques, such as tunable filters, diffraction gratings, prisms, interferometry, and custom Bayer filters. Each of these techniques has associated strengths and weaknesses with regard to spectral resolution, spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and signal-to-noise characteristics. We have previously shown that spectral scanning of the fluorescence excitation spectrum can provide greatly increased signal strength compared to traditional emission-scanning approaches. Here, we present results from utilizing a Hyperspectral Imaging Fluorescence Excitation Scanning (HIFEX) microscope system for live cell imaging. Live cell signaling studies were performed using HEK 293 and rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs), transfected with either a cAMP FRET reporter or a Ca2+ reporter. Cells were further labeled to visualize subcellular structures (nuclei, membrane, mitochondria, etc.). Spectral images were acquired using a custom inverted microscope (TE2000, Nikon Instruments) equipped with a 300W Xe arc lamp and tunable excitation filter (VF- 5, Sutter Instrument Co., equipped with VersaChrome filters, Semrock), and run through MicroManager. Timelapse spectral images were acquired from 350-550 nm, in 5 nm increments. Spectral image data were linearly unmixed using custom MATLAB scripts. Results indicate that the HIFEX microscope system can acquire live cell image data at acquisition speeds of 8 ms/wavelength band with minimal photobleaching, sufficient for studying moderate speed cAMP and Ca2+ events.
Introduction to the Special Series on the Digital Divide.

What is the Digital Divide? Enter the phrase "Digital Divide" into a search engine and you receive hundreds of hits. What is this topic and why is so much attention being paid to it? A number of definitions can be found for the term. The Web site http://whatis.techtarget.com explains that the term "describes the fact that the world can be divided into people who do and people who don't have access to--and the capability to use--modern information technology, such as the telephone, television, or the Internet...The digital divide also exists between the educated and the uneducated, between economic classes, and, globally, between the more and less industrially developed nations" (Digital Divide, 2002). The American Library Association (2002) stresses that it includes differences in both "access to information through the Internet, and other information technologies and services" and in "the skills, knowledge, and abilities to use information, the Internet and other technologies." According to the World Economic Forum (2002), "The issue of digital divide extends more broadly than merely that of direct access to technology. Instead, it can be conceived of as the disparity between how different nations are using information and communication technologies as a tool for social and economic development." Statistics The Digital Divide Network (2002) states that although there are an estimated 429 million people online globally, this represents only 6% of the world's entire population. "Even among highly developed nations, there exist vast differences in the availability of home Internet access. Sweden ranks as the nation with the highest percentage of home Internet connections at 61%; Spain trails the list with only 20% of its homes connected." The International Labour Organization's World Employment Report 2001: Life at Work in the Information Economy found that "nearly 90 percent of all Internet users are in industrialized countries, with the United States and Canada alone accounting for 57 percent of the total. In contrast, Internet users in Africa and the Middle East, together account for only 1 percent of the global Internet users" (Pastore, 2001). Impact of the Digital Divide Informing Science explores issues in the use of information technology to inform clients. As information technology is fast becoming a major tool for disseminating and obtaining information, gaps between those who have access to this tool and those who do not is a major concern. Many fear that if ways to bridge the Digital Divide are not found, the gap between the "haves" and the "have-nots" will increase, both within and among nations. According to the World Economic Forum (2002), although the mere presence of information and communication technology (ICT) "will not guarantee economic and social development, it is widely held that ICTs are tools that can enable a better quality of life. The ways in which ICT is developed, structured and used will influence how countries can reach their national capabilities and leapfrog some of the traditional barriers to development. …
Peer support for mood disorder: Characteristics and benefits from attending the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance mutual-help organization.

Abstract Background Mood disorders (MDs) are pervasive and debilitating psychiatric conditions. Many helpful psychological and psychopharmacological treatments exist, but MD's prevalence and chronicity often means relying purely on professional care can create financial strain on individuals and healthcare systems. Also, many individuals respond only partially to professionally-delivered medical/pharmacological interventions or are unable to tolerate or adhere to them. Peer-led mutual-help organizations (MHOs) have emerged and grown in the U.S. to extend and potentiate professional efforts or otherwise address needs unmet by professional care. The Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA) is the largest of these, but beyond observational evidence, little is known about participation or benefits. Greater knowledge could inform the field regarding clinical and public health utility of peer-driven efforts. Method Community-based cross-sectional comparative investigation of MD individuals attending (N = 202) or not attending (N = 105) DBSA. Measures included demographics, clinical characteristics and clinical service use, and indices of symptomatology, functioning, quality of life (QOL), and psychological well-being. Results Compared to non-DBSA participants, DBSA participants were more likely to be male and white and trended toward greater religious affiliation (p = 0.05). DBSA participants attended meetings about twice per month with two-thirds attending for more than one year. The DBSA cohort had a much higher proportion with bipolar I disorder and reported more lifetime and past 90-day use of acute, intensive, medical services and medications. There were no between-group differences on indices of QOL or psychological well-being, but within the DBSA group, greater DBSA attendance and involvement was associated with greater QOL and well-being, and less functional impairment. Limitations Cross-sectional design and regional sampling frame with unknown generalizability to national DBSA membership. Conclusion Given the grave impact of MDs and that DBSA is freely available it may fill an important clinical and public health need by attracting and engaging MD individuals with greater functional instability and impairment. The positive association found between greater active DBSA participation and improvements in functioning and well-being, while promising, requires longitudinal investigation to formally establish the causal direction of effects.
Crazy, Mad, Insane, or Mentally Ill?

This chapter discusses the fundamentals of mental illness and violence. There is a substantial difference between medical and scientifically based definitions of mental illness and violence when compared with the words and phrases commonly used in broadcast media and other non-scientific outlets. Unfortunately, the use of loosely defined terms such as crazy, mad, and mentally ill can have a substantial stigmatizing effect when used to describe perpetrators of violence, often inhibiting individuals who actually suffer from mental health problems from voluntarily seeking out help and care. Although there is some evidence to suggest that this form of stigmatization is the result of the need to identify scapegoats as a way to explain violence, social interaction theory can also provide alternative explanations of the common general fear of mentally ill. More specifically, Collins theory of social interaction rituals is used to explain how interactions can work during and after an event such as a mass shooting.
Electrode stimulation: Redox reactions induced by modulating the electrostatic potential in solution

Abstract The rates of model heterogeneous redox reactions have been modulated by changing the electrostatic potential in the solution immediately adjacent to a working electrode, (WE), kept at a fixed value with respect to a reference electrode. The approach involves passing current between a stimulating electrode (SE) placed in front and at a short distance from the WE and a distant counter electrode. Conditions were selected so that the potential distribution in solution closely approximates that prescribed by the primary current distribution and thus maintain the electrolyte composition in the region between SE and WE virtually unperturbed. Illustrations are provided for the formation of gold oxide and the oxidation of adsorbed carbon monoxide on Pt in acidic aqueous electrolytes.
Computation of the MIMO Volterra frequency response functions of nonlinear systems

Abstract A new and efficient algorithm for computing the higher order Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output (MIMO) Volterra frequency response functions (FRFs) from nonlinear time domain parametric models is presented. Recently developed MIMO harmonic probing techniques are applied to a general class of nonlinear MIMO differential, or difference equation models in order to obtain algebraic expressions relating the parameters of the time-domain system to the desired MIMO Volterra FRFs. The FRFs for any specific system of interest can then be written directly by substitution of model parameters. The expressions also reveal the structure of the resultant MIMO Volterra FRFs providing insight into system behaviour. The method is readily automated in software, and results are illustrated by means of an example.
A preliminary study of care coordination services within a specialized outpatient setting for youth with autism spectrum disorder

IntroductionParents of children with autism spectrum disorder often experience high levels of stress and challenges when organizing medical and behavioral services for their child. Care coordinatio...
A review of current guidelines and research on the management of sexually transmitted infections in adolescents and young adults.

Adolescents and young adults are at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Providers have the responsibility to accurately manage these infections to prevent medical complications an...
Ticagrelor monotherapy: When is mono‐antiplatelet therapy (MAPT) equivalent or better?

Ischemic and bleeding events portend equivalently poor prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Risk factors for these untoward events largely overlap limiting the "decoupling" of bleeding and ischemic risk. While individual patient risk scores inform the duration of guideline recommended dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) to strike the optimal balance between ischemic and bleeding risk, a promising additional approach is to tailor the regimens themselves. In higher risk patients, 1 month of aspirin plus ticagrelor followed by 23 months of ticagrelor monotherapy has equivalent bleeding and numerically improved ischemic risk than standard DAPT for 12 months followed by aspirin monotherapy in the GLOBAL LEADERS trial. In the TWILIGHT study of high ischemic and bleeding risk patients, 12 months of ticagrelor monotherapy had lower bleeding risk with equivalent ischemic risk as DAPT after 3 months of successful DAPT. Individual risk scores should be developed informing both optimal antiplatelet regimen such as ticagrelor monotherapy and treatment duration after PCI.
David Hutchison Macgregor (1877–1953)

David Hutchison Macgregor was a member of the pantheon of British economists during the first half of the twentieth century. During that time, he was Oxford’s Drummond Professor of Political Economy for more than two decades. As a protege of Alfred Marshall, he advanced Marshall’s industrial economics, particularly with his 1906 masterpiece, Industrial Combination. This volume examined ‘vast enterprises’, including trusts and cartels, a subject which Marshall admittedly struggled with in his Principles. Though Keynes and Pigou were Marshall’s most famous students, Macgregor was certainly one of his favourites as well as being amongst the most accomplished.
New Oral Anticoagulants: Their Role in Stroke Prevention in High-Risk Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Based on efficacy, safety, and ease of use, novel oral anticoagulants will likely replace VKAs for many if not most patients with atrial fibrillation. Novel anticoagulants have a lower rate of intracranial hemorrhage compared with vitamin K antagonists. The incidence of other life-threatening bleeds is similar if not lower. Dose adjustments need to be made based on renal function and advanced age. There is at present a need for an antidote for these new drugs.
Big Data LifeCycle: Threats and Security Model

Abstract Big data is an emerging term referring to the process of managing huge amount of data from different sources, such as, DBMS, log files, postings of social media. Big data (text, number, images... etc.) could be divided into different forms: structured, semi-structured, and unstructured. Big data could be further described by some attributes like velocity, volume, variety, value, and complexity. The emerging big data technologies also raise many security concerns and challenges. In this paper, we present big data lifecycle framework. The lifecycle includes four phases, i.e., data collection, data storage, data analytics, and knowledge creation. We briefly introduce each phase. We further summarize the security threats and attacks for each phase. The big data lifecycle integrated with security threats and attacks to propose a security threat model to conduct research in big data security. Our work could be further used towards securing big data infrastructure. Keywords Big data, big data lifecycle, threats and attacks, threat model.
Autoethnographic Mother-Writing: Advocating Radical Specificity

In considering the similarities between "momoirs"--popular memoirs written by mothers about motherhood experiences--and evocative autoethnographic mother-writing, I argue that differentiating these two forms of intimate observation and personal narrative requires a rethinking of autoethnographic practice. Specifically, I draw on the work of Gilles Deleuze to advocate for a radical specificity in autoethnographic writing. Thinking the autoethnographic narrative in terms of specificities and differences encourages us to think creatively about personal experiences and cultural relations beyond what is shared and communicable.
The enzymatic formation of sphingomyelin from ceramide and lecithin in mouse liver.

Abstract The conversion of 14C-labeled fatty acylsphingosine and phosphatidyl[14C]choline to sphingomyelin could be demonstrated in lyophilized microsomes from mouse liver. Radioactive CDP-choline did not act as a choline donor. No cofactors were needed, although CDP-choline and P-choline exerted some stimulatory action. The unnatural ceramide, acetyl threo-sphingosine, could be converted to the corresponding sphingomyelin but this reaction required Mn2+ and CDP-choline. Evidence from isotopic trapping experiments was interpreted to indicate that the P-choline transfer from lecithin to ceramide did not go through free CDP-choline, choline, or P-choline. The transferase was found in kidney, lung, liver, spleen, and heart (in decreasing order of activity) but not in brain. The enzyme was inhibited by diglyceride and lysolecithin.
Digital Recording Platforms and Integrated Performance Assessments in Second/Foreign Language Learning

The teaching and learning of a new language can be daunting for both instructors and learners. Second/ foreign language teachers must overcome a multitude of impediments in which to bring students to higher levels of language learning. Research using digital voice recording software indicates that by integrating such technology into the curriculum, there are multiple benefits for both instructors and students. In this chapter, the author discusses the challenges language teachers face and then outlines six free digital voice recorder options that are available to teachers. Afterward, the author advances a series of curricular and procedural considerations for the integration of digital voice recordings in the language-learning classroom before discussing findings from studies focused on the use of digital recordings for educational purposes. The chapter concludes with a discussion of best practices using digital voice recordings for integrated performance assessments and a discussion of new avenues for future research.
Analysis of gob gas venthole production performances for strata gas control in longwall mining

Longwall mining of coal seams affects a large area of overburden by deforming it and creating stress-relief fractures, as well as bedding plane separations, as the mining face progresses. Stress-relief fractures and bedding plane separations are recognized as major pathways for gas migration from gas-bearing strata into sealed and active areas of the mines. In order for strata gas not to enter and inundate the ventilation system of a mine, gob gas ventholes (GGVs) can be used as a methane control measure. The aim of this paper is to analyze production performances of GGVs drilled over a longwall panel. These boreholes were drilled to control methane emissions from the Pratt group of coals due to stress-relief fracturing and bedding plane separations into a longwall mine operating in the Mary Lee/Blue Creek coal seam of the Upper Pottsville Formation in the Black Warrior Basin, Alabama. During the course of the study, Pratt coal's reservoir properties were integrated with production data of the GGVs. These data were analyzed by using material balance techniques to estimate radius of influence of GGVs, gas-in-place and coal pressures, as well as their variations during mining. The results show that the GGVs drilled to extract gas from the stress-relief zone of the Pratt coal interval is highly effective in removing gas from the Upper Pottsville Formation. The radii of influence of the GGVs were in the order of 330–380 m, exceeding the widths of the panels, due to bedding plane separations and stress relieved by fracturing. Material balance analyses indicated that the initial pressure of the Pratt coals, which was around 648 KPa when longwall mining started, decreased to approximately 150 KPa as the result of strata fracturing and production of released gas. Approximately 70% of the initial gas-in-place within the area of influence of the GGVs was captured during a period of one year.