cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of perfusion rate on the time course of insulin-mediated skeletal muscle glucose uptake

To better define the time course of skeletal muscle glucose uptake and its modulation by changes in perfusion, we performed systemic euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps (40 mU.m-2.min-1) for a 90-min period in a group of lean, insulin-sensitive subjects (n = 9) on two occasions (approximately 4 wk apart) with insulin-mediated vasodilation intact or inhibited. Insulin-mediated vasodilation was inhibited by an intrafemoral artery infusion of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. During the study, leg blood flow (LBF) and arteriovenous glucose difference (AVG delta) were measured every 10 min; leg glucose uptake (LGU) was calculated as LGU = LBF x AVG delta. The systemic insulin infusion caused a time-dependent increase in LBF from 0.194 +/- 0.024 to 0.349 +/- 0.046 l/min (P < 0.01). The intrafemoral artery infusion of L-NMMA completely inhibited this increase in LBF. AVG delta, LGU, and whole body glucose disposal rates increased in a time-dependent manner in both studies. The maximum AVG delta was lower with insulin-mediated vasodilation intact than when inhibited (25.9 +/- 2.5 vs. 35.0 +/- 1.6 mg/dl, P < 0.001). The time to achieve half-maximal (T1/2) AVG delta was somewhat longer with insulin-mediated vasodilation intact compared with inhibited (35.6 +/- 4.1 vs. 29.7 +/- 1.6 min, P < 0.01). Maximal LGU was 93.9 +/- 26.8 and 57.2 +/- 11.6 mg/min (P < 0.005), and the T1/2 LGU was 50.2 +/- 16.0 and 36.3 +/- 8.8 min (P = 0.1) during intact and inhibited insulin-mediated vasodilation, respectively. Thus insulin-mediated vasodilation has a modest effect in slowing the time course at which insulin stimulates glucose uptake but has a marked effect in augmenting the maximal rate of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Impaired insulin-mediated vasodilation, as observed in patients with essential hypertension, may explain, at least in part, the insulin resistance observed in these patients.
Chariots and charioteers. Chariot racing as an occupation.

(1970). Chariots and Charioteers. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 141-143.
Are Changes in the Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Profile in the Beta-Gamma Region Reliable Indicators of a Monoclonal Component in the Tested Serum?

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) has significant advantages in analysis of major protein fractions in the serum: it is fully automated, has short analytical time, high resolution, micro-volume sampling, and low reagent and labor costs. Because of this it is becoming a method of choice in the current laboratory practice. At …
Determination of the strange quark content of the nucleon from a next-to-leading-order QCD analysis of neutrino charm production

We present the first next-to-leading-order QCD analysis of neutrino charm production, using a sample of 6090ν μ − and $$\bar \nu _\mu $$ -induced opposite-sign dimuon events observed in the CCFR detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. We find that the nucleon strange quark content is suppressed with respect to the non-strange sea quarks by a factor κ=0.477 −0.053 +0.063 , where the error includes statistical, systematic and QCD scale uncertainties. In contrast to previous leading order analyses, we find that the strange seax-dependence is similar to that of the non-strange sea, and that the measured charm quark mass,m c =1.70±0.19 GeV/c2, is larger and consistent with that determined in other processes. Further analysis finds that the difference inx-distributions betweenxs(x) and $$x\bar s{\text{(}}x{\text{)}}$$ is small. A measurement of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V cd |=0.232 −0.020 +0.018 is also presented.
Tasting Sustainability: Using Multisensory Activities to Retune Food Preferences

The industrial food system threatens the biophysical conditions necessary for human life. For sustainable food to move from niche to mainstream, individual and societal food preferences must shift away from the flattened out tastes and expectations of industrial food, which pose an affective barrier to the adoption of sustainable food practices. In other words, for behaviors to change, alternatives must also be felt, which is why active “retuning” of everyday tastes and expectations is critical to the transition process. The goal of the learning activity described in this chapter is to prompt students to think about retuning their own taste preferences while stimulating a broader discussion about affective barriers to sustainability. During a guided tasting, students will mindfully observe sensations of sight, smell, sound, taste, and touch. After completing the tasting and discussion, students should be able to (1) reflect on their personal taste preferences and get a “feel” for sustainable food using the practice of mindful eating, (2) recognize affective barriers that make sustainable food choices more difficult or unlikely, and (3) explain why retuning taste preferences matters for the sustainability of food systems.
Life, Hardship and Death at the Front

The aim of this chapter is to explore the conditions on the Eastern Front as experienced by the soldiers of the three divisions selected for this study. Following a brief survey of the military history of these formations, some of the more important issues relevant to the life of the combat soldier at the front are analysed. These include the rate of casualties and their impact on the manpower composition of the units; the physical and mental hardship experienced by the troops; and finally, the discipline and morale of the soldiers, with reference to records of courts-martial as well as to reports of unit commanders regarding the mental condition of their men.
Off-stoichiometric defect clustering in irradiated oxides

Abstract A cluster dynamics model describing the formation of vacancy and interstitial clusters in irradiated oxides has been developed. The model, which tracks the composition of the oxide matrix and the defect clusters, was applied to the early stage formation of voids and dislocation loops in UO2, and the effects of irradiation temperature and dose rate on the evolution of their densities and composition was investigated. The results show that Frenkel defects dominate the nucleation process in irradiated UO2. The results also show that oxygen vacancies drive vacancy clustering while the migration energy of uranium vacancies is a rate-limiting factor for the nucleation and growth of voids. In a stoichiometric UO2 under irradiation, off-stoichiometric vacancy clusters exist with a higher concentration of hyper-stoichiometric clusters. Similarly, off-stoichiometric interstitial clusters form with a higher concentration of hyper-stoichiometric clusters. The UO2 matrix was found to be hyper-stoichiometric due to the accumulation of uranium vacancies.
Non-lexical Features Encode Political Affiliation on Twitter

Previous work on classifying Twitter users’ political alignment has mainly focused on lexical and social network features. This study provides evidence that political affiliation is also reflected in features which have been previously overlooked: users’ discourse patterns (proportion of Tweets that are retweets or replies) and their rate of use of capitalization and punctuation. We find robust differences between politically left- and right-leaning communities with respect to these discourse and sub-lexical features, although they are not enough to train a high-accuracy classifier.
The Principal Cells in the Thymus Expressing MHC Antigens are Epithelial

In general, peripheral T cells recognize foreign antigens only in the context of self MHC antigens. This MHC restriction has been shown, at least in some cases, to be determined by radio resistant elements within the thymus (Zinkernagel, 1978). Under some experimental protocols, however, developing T cells acquire instead a preference for bone marrow derived MHC antigens (Katz et al., 1979, Zinkernagel et al., 1980).
Residues Glu2181-Val2243 contain a major determinant of the inhibitory epitope in the C2 domain of human factor VIII

The human blood coagulation factor VIII C2 domain (Ser2173-Tyr2332) contains an epitope recognized by most polyclonal inhibitory anti-factor VIII alloantibodies and autoantibodies. We took advantage of the differential reactivity of inhibitory antibodies with human and porcine factor VIII and mapped a major determinant of the C2 epitope by using a series of active recombinant hybrid human/porcine factor VIII molecules. A series of five C2-specific human antibodies and a murine anti-factor VIII monoclonal antibody, NMC-VIII/5, inhibited a hybrid containing a substitution of porcine sequence for Glu2181-Val2243 significantly less than human factor VIII. In contrast, four of the five patient antibodies and NMC-VIII/5 inhibited a hybrid containing a substitution of porcine sequence for Thr2253-Tyr2332 equally well as human factor VIII. Thus, a major factor VIII inhibitor epitope determinant is bounded by Glu2181-Val2243 at the NH2-terminal end of the C2 domain. Because C2 inhibitors block the binding of factor VIII to phospholipid and von Willebrand factor, for which binding sites have been localized to Thr2303-Tyr2332, these results imply that the segment bounded by Glu2181-Val2243 also is involved in these macromolecular interactions.
A heterogeneous FMM for layered media Helmholtz equation I: Two layers in R2

Abstract In this paper, we introduce a new heterogeneous fast multipole method (H-FMM) for 2-D Helmholtz equation in layered media. To illustrate the main algorithm ideas, we focus on the case of two layers in this work. The key compression step in the H-FMM is based on a fact that the multipole expansion for the sources of the free-space Green's function can be used also to compress the far field of the sources of the layered-media or domain Green's function, and a similar result exists for the translation operators for the multipole and local expansions. The mathematical error analysis is shown rigorously by an image representation of the Sommerfeld spectral form of the domain Green's function. As a result, in the H-FMM algorithm, the multipole-to-multipole, multipole-to-local, and local-to-local translation operators are the same as those in the free-space case, allowing easy adaptation of existing free-space FMM. All the spatially variant information of the domain Green's function is collected into the multipole-to-local translations and therefore the FMM becomes heterogeneous. The compressed representation further reduces the cost of evaluating the domain Green's function when computing the local direct interactions. Preliminary numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm with much improved performance over some existing methods for inhomogeneous media.
Overall survival in patients with residual disease after radical cystectomy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been shown to improve survival in patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, there are a subset of patients who do not respond or progress despite systemic treatment. Data from the National Cancer Database on patients who underwent a radical cystectomy (RC) with or without NAC from 2006 to 2013 were abstracted. Covariates were balanced using inverse probability weighting methods. The primary outcome of overall survival in patients with residual disease by stage was evaluated using 90-day conditional landmark analysis and Cox proportional hazards modeling. Secondary outcome of predictors of residual disease was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analysis. A total of 20,128 patients met our inclusion criteria; 16,058 patients underwent RC only (80%) and 4070 underwent RC with NAC (20%). Patients who received NAC were younger and healthier, treated at an academic center, and presented with higher stage. NAC was associated with improved overall survival amongst patients with cT3-4aN0 (HR 0.84 95% CI 0.73–0.97; p = 0.02) and cN+ (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.58–0.86; p = 0.001). Predictors of no residual disease were NAC (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.14–0.21; p < 0.001) and treatment at an academic facility (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.37–0.60; p < 0.001). Patients with cT3-4a or cN+ had increased odds of having residual UC (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.53–2.64; p < 0.001, and OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.43–3.21; p < 0.001, respectively) compared with cT2. In patients with residual UC, NAC is associated with a significant survival benefit in higher stage disease only. Furthermore, those treated with NAC or at an academic center were less likely to have residual disease. Given the toxicity of NAC, more prudent patient selection for NAC is warranted and requires further study.
Monitoring of greenhouse gases and pollutants across an urban area using a light-rail public transit platform

Abstract Anthropogenic emissions within urban environments are characterized by spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability that present challenges for measuring urban greenhouse gases and air pollutants. To address these challenges, we mounted instruments on public transit light-rail train cars that traverse the metropolitan Salt Lake Valley (SLV) in Utah, USA to observe the temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric species including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ozone (O3), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Utilizing electrified light-rail public transit as an observational platform enables real-time measurements with low operating costs while avoiding self-contamination from vehicle exhaust. We examine temporal averages and case studies of each species that reveal gradients, intermittent point sources, seasonal and diel changes, and complex relationships resulting from emissions, atmospheric chemistry, and meteorological conditions. CO2 and NO2 are related through the combustion of fossil fuel and we observed a broad spatial gradient across the city as well distinct plumes at traffic intersections and, for NO2, a large plume adjacent to a locomotive rail yard. Distributions of O3 were strongly correlated with NO2 due to atmospheric photochemical and titration processes. Episodes of high PM2.5 had distinct spatial patterns depending on meteorological conditions during wintertime persistent cold-air pool episodes. The spatial pattern of CH4 was characterized by distinct plumes associated with industrial and commercial facilities, some of which followed temporal patterns indicative of daytime working hours; other plumes were persistent throughout the whole day, suggestive of leak-related fugitive emissions. The ongoing multi-year record of spatial and temporal air quality observations provides a valuable data set for future air quality exposure studies. Our results suggest pollution and greenhouse gas emission monitoring and exposure assessment could be greatly enhanced by deploying instruments on public transit systems in urban centers worldwide.
Fundamentals of the Daily Routine as a Surgeon: Philosophy, Mentors, Coaches, and Success

It is a privilege to train in surgery, to care for surgical patients, to work with surgical trainees, and to endeavor and to advance the field of surgery. Across this country, thousands of surgeons work tirelessly in their professional activities. I am thankful to the many mentors I have had over the years—individuals who guided and challenged me to “be the best you can be.” Herein are a few of their lessons.
Endogenous Depression and Response to Antidepressants

Endogenous depression (or melancholia) is a well-established sub-type of depressive illness, and commands a fair degree of concensus. It is generally accepted that endogenous depression includes marked vegetative changes, such as loss of appetite, loss of weight, loss of sleep, psychomotor retardation or agitation, marked guilt, and loss of pleasure. There is also strong evidence to suggest that this type of depression responds well to ECT and tricyclic drugs, but less well to MAO inhibitors. Its response to newer antidepressants has not been studied.
Genetic factors modifying clinical expression of autosomal dominant RP.

Factors modifying clinical expression of inherited diseases are likely to be complex, involving genetic factors, environmental factors and stochastic effects. One way to reduce the complexity is to focus on individuals who share a dominant mutation identical by descent, thus eliminating variability in the underlying mutation and variation in cis to the mutation. A further simplification is to limit analysis to a single, extended family, which may reduce, though not eliminate, environmental effects.
Repositioning of the Region of Interest in the Radius of the Growing Child in Follow-Up Measurements by pQCT

The assessment of changes in bone mineral density (BMD) requires follow-up measurements. In order to compute accurate changes, it is important that the region of interest (ROI) of the initial and follow-up measurements match in terms of location. Our present focus is the evaluation of bone at the distal end of the radius by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). In adults, in whom the bones have ceased to grow, repositioning of the ROI has been attempted either by matching the measurement location defined as a fixed percentage of the bone length away from an anatomical landmark or by matching the cross-sectional areas of the bone in the conic distal region of the radius; however, in the case of children, whose bones are growing, these methods cannot be applied blindly. The aim of this study was to propose a model that aids in the relocation of the ROI during follow-up measurements in children.
Muscle hernias of the leg: A case report and comprehensive review of the literature:

A case involving a retired, elderly male war veteran with a symptomatic peroneus brevis muscle hernia causing superficial peroneal nerve compression with chosen surgical management is presented. Symptomatic muscle hernias of the extremities occur most commonly in the leg and are a rare cause of chronic leg pain. Historically, treating military surgeons pioneered the early documentation of leg hernias observed in active military recruits. A focal fascial defect can cause a muscle to herniate, forming a variable palpable subcutaneous mass, and causing pain and potentially neuropathic symptoms with nerve involvement. While the true incidence is not known, the etiology has been classified as secondary to a congenital (or constitutional) fascial weakness, or acquired fascial defect, usually secondary to direct or indirect trauma. The highest occurrence is believed to be in young, physically active males. Involvement of the tibialis anterior is most common, although other muscles have been reported. Dynamic ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging is often used to confirm diagnosis and guide treatment. Most symptomatic cases respond successfully to conservative treatment, with surgery reserved for refractory cases. A variety of surgical techniques have been described, ranging from fasciotomy to anatomical repair of the fascial defect, with no consensus on optimal treatment. Clinicians must remember to consider muscle hernias in their repertoire of differential diagnoses for chronic leg pain or neuropathy. A comprehensive review of muscle hernias of the leg is presented to highlight their history, occurrence, presentation, diagnosis and treatment.
The Future of Surgical Simulation

By defining the current status of simulation, we are able to project a reasonable estimation of the next generation in simulation. There are few new methodologies that leverage off nonmedical simulation to develop curricula which provide quantitative assessment of skills performance and to set benchmarks for performance which must be met: full life-cycle curriculum development and proficiency-based progression (PBP) training and assessment, which should become the standards for creating skills courses as well as training and assessing skills performance. In addition, it is anticipated that crowdsourcing video review (using crowd-sourced structured assessment of technical skills (C-SATS)), which has demonstrated validity for video review of initial performance, high-stakes test, and maintenance of certification in near-real time, will provide valuable evidence to hospital privileging committees, surgeon proficiency improvement, and, most important, feedback to surgeons for self-improvement learning. Simulators are beginning to move out of simple skills and tasks, with development of new full procedures as well as adding haptics (sense of touch). The unknown is the role of immersive virtual reality (VR) using head-mounted displays and whether they will remain a novelty or become affordable and mainstream. Unless there are sources of funding for further innovations in education and simulation, progress will be relatively slow.
Multiphoton detachment rate of H − in strong laser fields: Effect of final-state interaction

An expression for the multiphoton ionization rate, recently derived nonperturbatively from formal time-independent scattering theory, has been employed to study the effect of the final-state interaction in strong-field photodetachment of ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$. The first-order improved distorted-wave Born approximation in the binding potential has been evaluated. The calculation further improves agreement with experiment.
Jargon as a barrier to effective science communication: Evidence from metacognition:

In this experiment (N = 650), we examine the negative consequences of jargon on individuals' perceptions of emerging scientific technology and aim to explain these effects. We find that the presence of jargon impairs people's ability to process scientific information, and that this impairment leads to greater motivated resistance to persuasion, increased risk perceptions, and lower support for technology adoption. These findings suggest that the use of jargon undermines efforts to inform and persuade the public through the cognitive mechanism of metacognition.
Guatemala 2018: frente a una encrucijada constitucional

Guatemalan politics were dominated in 2018 by political strife between the Jimmy Morales administration and the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG). The most pressing issues in Guatemala continue to be corruption and the weakness of the rule-of-law. The year began with but guarded optimism that CICIG could continue its work despite worries about the President’s commitment to democracy, but ended with a constitutional crisis that threatened CICIG’s work in Guatemala. With general elections approaching in 2019, democracy in Guatemala hangs in the balance. However, at the end of 2018, the makeup of the election was still in doubt and Guatemala was in a constitutional crisis that has not been resolved.
Guided Heads-Up: A Collaborative Game That Promotes Metacognition and Synthesis of Material While Emphasizing Higher-Order Thinking.

Games are a way to engage students with course material in a low-stakes environment. In the popular game app “Heads Up!”, participants give clues to a guesser who is holding a word on their forehead. Here, we present a modified version of this game where students are required to give clues in a specific order that emphasizes higher-order thinking in the early rounds and moves to lower-order recall events in the later rounds. The collaborative group environment promotes oral communication, metacognition, and student–student interactions and may lead to improved student learning. This game, called guided heads-up, was used in three courses at two institutions. Student perceptions were gathered and analyzed for all three classes. Recommendations from students and instructors for designing and implementing the guided heads-up activities into additional courses are included.
School to Deportation Pipeline: Latino Youth Counter-storytelling Narratives

This article analyzes Julio’s counter-storytelling narratives as an undocumented and Latino youth attending schools in the Southeast. Through his narratives, this case study discusses how gender, a...
Measurements of Atmospheric Neutrinos using the MINOS Detector

This poster presents the latest atmospheric neutrino results from the MINOS experiment. The results are based on a data set of 1657 live-days and combine together observations of contained vertex neutrino interactions and neutrino-induced upward muons in the MINOS far detector. The measured curvature of muons in the MINOS magnetic field is used to separate neutrinos and antineutrinos, and the observed ratio of neutrinos to anti-neutrinos is compared to the Monte Carlo (MC) expectation. The data are separated into bins of L/E resolution, and a maximum likelihood fit to the observed L/E distributions is used to determine the oscillation parameters separately for neutrinos and anti-neutrinos. Confidence limits are placed on the difference between these oscillation parameters. The techniques and current status of an analysis using this data set to search for the neutrino mass hierarchy are also reported.
An RNA dynamic ensemble at atomic resolution

Solving dynamic ensembles of biomolecules at atomic resolution is a major challenge in structural biology because it requires information which far exceeds that available from experimental measurements. We addressed the data gap in RNA ensemble determination by using structure prediction tools that leverage the growing database of RNA structures to generate a conformational library. Library refinement with NMR residual dipolar couplings enabled determination of an atomic-resolution ensemble for HIV-1 TAR as confirmed by quantum-mechanical calculations of NMR chemical shifts, comparison to a crystal structure of a substate, and atomic mutagenesis. The ensemble reveals how bulge residues cooperatively flip out and undergo sugar repuckering to allow the adjoining helices to stack. The generality of this approach will make determination of atomic-resolution RNA ensembles routine.
Correction to: Listening to more than salsa: A letter of appreciation to Dr. Frances R. Aparicio

The published biography of Prof. Wilson Valentin-Escobar is incorrect. Please find the correct one below: Wilson Valentin-Escobar is Assistant Professor of Interdisciplinary Studies at the University of Massachusetts Lowell where he also directs Bachelor of Liberal Arts.
The Impact of Specialty Palliative Care in Pediatric Oncology: A Systematic Review.

Abstract Context Children with cancer and their families have complex needs related to symptoms, decision-making, care planning, and psychosocial impact extending across the illness trajectory, which for some includes end of life. Whether specialty pediatric palliative care (SPPC) is associated with improved outcomes for children with cancer and their families is unknown. Objective We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines to investigate outcomes associated with SPPC in pediatric oncology with a focus on intervention delivery, collaboration, and alignment with National Quality Forum domains. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases from inception until April 2020 and reviewed references manually. Eligible articles were published in English, involved pediatric patients aged 0-18 years with cancer, and contained original data regarding patient and family illness and end-of-life experiences, including symptom management, communication, decision-making, quality of life, satisfaction, and healthcare utilization. Results We screened 6682 article abstracts and 82 full-text articles; 32 studies met inclusion criteria, representing 15,635 unique children with cancer and 342 parents. Generally, children with cancer who received SPPC had improved symptom burden, pain control, and quality of life with decreased intensive procedures, increased completion of advance care planning and resuscitation status documentation, and fewer end-of-life intensive care stays with higher likelihood of dying at home. Family impact included satisfaction with SPPC and perception of improved communication. Conclusion SPPC may improve illness experiences for children with cancer and their families. Multisite studies utilizing comparative effectiveness approaches and validated metrics may support further advancement of the field.
Body mass does not reflect the body composition changes in response to similar physical training in young women and men

Introduction U.S. Army Basic Combat Training (BCT) prepares new recruits to meet soldier physical demands. It also serves as a model of physical changes in healthy young nonobese women and men during an intensive 10-week training program without diet restriction. In this prospective observational study, we quantified the changes in lean mass and body fat induced by BCT in a large sample of men and women undergoing the same physical training program. Methods Young women (n = 573) and men (n = 1071) meeting Army health and fitness recruitment standards volunteered to provide DXA-derived body composition data at the beginning and end of BCT. Results During BCT, there was no change in body mass in women and a 1.7-kg loss in men. Relative body fat (%BF) declined by an average of 4.0 ± 2.4 and 3.4 ± 2.8 percentage points (±SD) for women and men, respectively. The greatest predictor of change in %BF during BCT for both sexes was %BF at the beginning of training. Women and men gained an average 2.7 ± 1.6 kg and 1.7 ± 2.0 kg of lean mass during BCT. Conclusions Army BCT produced significant effects on body composition despite minimal changes in total body mass. These findings demonstrate the ability of a 10-week sex-integrated physical training program to positively alter body composition profiles of young adults.
Using Text Analytics on Reflective Journaling to Identify Cultural Capitals for STEM Students

Alma project focuses on retention of Historically Underrepresented (HU) students in STEM fields by affirming their cultural capitals (skills, knowledge, communities, and abilities that students possess). Students are asked to write reflective journals on prompts such as ‘Why am I here?’ to reminds them of their cultural capitals, and career aspirations. These essays are then analyzed by the Alma team to identify mentions of cultural capital themes (CCT) such as Attainment (describes a tangible goal), or First Generation (identifies student being first in family to attend college). However, detecting these CCTs in student essays is a labor intensive task. Our work offers a computational solution that is scalable and effective for this problem. We propose TACCTI (pronounced as Tacit), Text analysis and mAchine learning for Cultural Capital Theme Identification – a computational framework that employs latest developments in natural language processing and machine learning to identify instances of cultural capital themes in student essays. An empirical evaluation using Logistic Regression, Random Forest, LSTM, and BERT algorithms for the task of detecting presence (or absence) of Attainment CCT provides F1 scores of 0.82, 0.81, 0.84, and 0.92, respectively. Classification models for detecting First Generation CCT demonstrate that when limited training data is available, the traditional classification algorithms outperform deep learning based approaches – Logistic Regression and BERT models offer effectiveness of 0.91 and 0.83, respectively. Additional analysis demonstrates that word embeddings and named entity type of features (signals) have the highest influence on the performance of the classification models.
Abstract P165: Characteristics and Predictors of Mimics and Confirmed Strokes in a Stroke Alerts System at a Large Urban Medical Center

Background: Stroke alert systems provide rapid evaluation of suspected strokes to aid timely thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. Given consequences of delayed or missed diagnosis, these syste...
Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus glycogen regulation of metabolic-sensory neuron AMPK and neurotransmitter expression: role of lactate.

Astrocyte glycogen is dynamically remodeled during metabolic stability and provides oxidizable l-lactate equivalents during neuroglucopenia. Current research investigated the hypothesis that ventro...
Lepromatous leprosy and reversal reaction in a Micronesian immigrant.

A 25-year-old Micronesian man from the island of Otia developed erythematous plaques on his legs. He was diagnosed with erythema nodosum and treated with systemic prednisone. Two months later, he presented with erythematous nodules on his forehead, cheeks, and chin (Fig. 1). Examination revealed scattered violaceous papules on his chest, arms, forearms, hands, and feet, and deep purple macules on his palms and soles. Laboratory evaluation included negative serologies for human immunodeficiency virus, rapid plasma reagin, and hepatitis A, B, and C. Figure 1. Erythematous papules and nodules cover the forehead, nose, cheeks, chin, and ears Download figure to PowerPoint Routine histopathology revealed nodular aggregates of histiocytes, plasma cells, and lymphocytes. Histiocytes showed basophilic clusters of organisms within vacuoles, suggesting globi. Acid-fast stain revealed numerous acid-fast-positive rod-shaped organisms. The bacterial index on the Fite stain was four (bacterial index/Ridley's logarithmic scale, indicating 10–100 bacteria/high power field) (Fig. 2). An acid-fast stain obtained from a smear of tissue was positive for acid-fast bacilli, but no acid-fast bacilli were cultured. Figure 2. The bacterial index on the Fite stain was four Download figure to PowerPoint After the first day of treatment with dapsone 100 mg, rifampin 600 mg, and clofazimine 50 mg, the patient complained of burning and pain in his ankles and wrists. There was intense erythema within the lesions. Edema developed in his hands and feet. Consultation with the Gillis W. Long Hansen's Disease Center in Carville, Louisiana, recommended prompt treatment with corticosteroids. The edema of the hands and wrists was treated as a type I reversal reaction with prednisone 1 mg/kg/day. Subsequently, the edema and neuralgia quickly resolved in his distal extremities.
Lessons Learned from Supporting Low-income Older Adults to Use a Tablet PC in the Age of Digital Divide

Low-income older adults are more likely to face a digital divide due to the limited internet access and digital skills, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. While many studies in HCI have identified obstacles older adults encountered in technology use, little is known about the digital inequity that older adults experienced in adopting and using the tablet PC for the first time. In this study, we provided 28 low-income older adults with instruction sessions to help them set up and use tablet PCs. From these sessions, we found that while social connection as the most requested feature provides a positive experience, creating or managing a login account and being unfamiliar with common interaction techniques were challenging for older adults to use a tablet PC for the first time. We conclude with design implications for senior-friendly technology.
Universal Access to Media and the California Community Colleges Online Education Initiative

The California Community College system launched the Online Education Initiative in 2014 to address the needs of students and to more effectively leverage the collective resources of the 113 campuses to provide the services needed for degree completion and transfer to university. Providing a common base of instructional technology resources, student services, and a statewide exchange of courses, and with all of this being universally accessible, the Online Education Initiative is one of the most ambitious efforts to address the needs of online students and educators in the history of California.
Enhanced ensemble averaging using the time-frequency plane

The paper describes the initial development of an optimal filter, based on Wiener's theory of filtering and prediction. The optimal filter works in an a posteriori manner, meaning that no statistics of either signal or noise processes are assumed. The design is tailored to cycle-stationary signals mixed with uncorrelated noise. The procedure is a potentially superior estimator to ensemble averaging. The setting of the filter is the time-frequency plane. This provides a convenient means of accommodating signal nonstationarity, a major problem in the estimation of many real-world signals. The method is generally applicable to any repetitive, noisy signal with a deterministic time-frequency structure. The optimal filter has been applied successfully to the high resolution electrocardiogram for the recovery of low-level cardiac signals. >
The Resolution of Land-Use Conflicts in Sao Paulo

Sao Paulo, Brazil, is a densely populated, globally connected urban center whose rapid growth has been associated with an increasing number of land-use conflicts. In this paper, I use interviews and ethnographic observations to examine the legal processes through which these conflicts are resolved. While mainstream analysts conceive of the law as a technology, public litigation organizations as cohesive bureaucracies, and the state apparatus as separate from society, I find that the law acquires a specific meaning only when enforced by those officials who operate at the front lines of public service. Crucially, their professional behavior is not formulaic. This is so because law-enforcement organizations are not bureaucracies but rather heterarchies with distinctive network properties. Moreover, the borders between the state and society are so porous that, at times, it is difficult to determine where one ends and the other begins, and this web of mutual connections influences officials’ behavior.
Management of proximal shunt obstruction. Technical note.

✓ Proximal shunt obstruction or obstruction of the ventricular catheter may present with signs and symptoms of shunt failure with either no cerebrospinal fluid flow or a falsely low intracranial pressure (ICP) upon shunt tap. The author reports a technique for lowering the ICP and for measuring the pressure in patients with such obstruction by cannulation of the reservoir and ventricular catheter to penetrate into the ventricle with a 3½-in. No. 22 spinal needle. The findings in 20 cases in which this approach was utilized are summarized.
Motor Neurons and Spinal Control of Movement

Motor neurons are among the largest neurons in the central nervous system and have long axons that travel along peripheral nerves to innervate skeletal muscles. They are the final common pathway through which the brain controls bodily movement. Motor neurons receive excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs from sensory afferents and from pathways of supraspinal origin either directly or via interneurons. The intrinsic properties of motor neurons determine how these inputs are transformed into a sequence of action potentials that elicit muscle contraction. Motor neuron intrinsic properties are affected by neuromodulatory inputs from supraspinal and spinal pathways. Motor neurons are recruited in ways that make effective use of the muscle fibres they innervate. All motor actions – whether stereotyped behaviours (such as locomotion or withdrawal reflexes), or uniquely specified sequences of muscle contraction – reflect the interaction of supraspinal commands, sensory inputs and spinal cord interneurons. Key Concepts: Motor neurons are large neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord that innervate skeletal muscle; those innervating the same muscle are grouped in proximity to form a motor neuron pool. The electrophysiological properties of an individual motor neuron are appropriately matched to the contractile properties of the muscle fibres it innervates; together, a motor neuron and its muscle fibres form a motor unit. Motor neurons receive two types of synaptic inputs from descending pathways, spinal interneurons and segmental afferents: (1) excitatory and inhibitory inputs that directly affect membrane potential and (2) neuromodulatory inputs that alter the effects of the excitatory and inhibitory inputs on membrane potential. The intrinsic properties of a motor neuron and the neuromodulatory influences it receives determine how its excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs are translated into a firing pattern that elicits muscle contraction. Motor neurons are recruited in a stereotyped order according to the ‘size principle’, in which low-force motor units are activated first, and sequentially higher force motor units are subsequently added to produce the total muscle force appropriate for the current action. Networks (often called central pattern generators) composed of spinal interneurons support locomotion and other cyclical movement patterns by distributing rhythmic synaptic activity among different motor neuron pools in appropriate temporal sequences. Keywords: spinal cord; motoneuron; motor neuron; reflex; movement; motor control; neuromodulation
VPipe: Virtual Pipelining for Scheduling of DAG Stream Query Plans

There are data streams all around us that can be harnessed for tremendous business and personal advantage. For an enterprise-level stream processing system such as CHAOS [1] (Continuous, Heterogeneous Analytic Over Streams), handling of complex query plans with resource constraints is challenging. While several scheduling strategies exist for stream processing, efficient scheduling of complex DAG query plans is still largely unsolved. In this paper, we propose a novel execution scheme for scheduling complex directed acyclic graph (DAG) query plans with meta-data enriched stream tuples. Our solution, called Virtual Pipelined Chain (or VPipe Chain for short), effectively extends the “Chain” pipelining scheduling approach to complex DAG query plans.
Identification and spectral estimation of noisy multivariate autoregressive processes

Large sample identification spectral estimation problems of a noisy multivariate autoregressive process are solved independent of the probability law governing the observed data. Several different representations of a noisy multivariate autoregressive process are studied and linked to the properties of the block Toeplitz and Hankel matrices derived from the auto-correlation function of the process. Under a simple condition, the parameter estimators for the auto-regressive coefficients and noise statistics derived by solving block Toeplitz and Hankel matrix equations are shown to be strongly consistent. Asymptotic distributions of the parameter estimators are derived and used to compute the confidence bounds of the spectral estimators. For order selection, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) is modified into a form independent of the probability law of the observed data.
The impact of international economic sanctions on Iranian cancer healthcare.

Abstract Background In 2012, Iranian's economy collapsed under strain from sanctions instituted to stop Iran from violating the International Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Sanctions have indirectly led to serious healthcare concerns, specifically cancer treatment. This is the first report to evaluate Iranian cancer healthcare while under international economic sanctions. Methods Data and information were identified by searches of MEDLINE, PubMed, and references from relevant articles using the search terms: “Iran”, “health policy”, “sanctions”, “ethics”, and “cancer”. Articles published in the English language between 1966 and present were included, based on relevance to sanctions or the specific case of sanctions in Iran. Results The Program of Action for Cancer Therapy evaluated Iran's National Cancer Control Program (NCCP), reporting it has substantial deficits, including prevention, diagnosis/treatment, palliative care, monitoring, and technology, with a serious drug shortage for cancer care. Sanctions have exemptions for medicines and food, but lead to disruption of health services through complications in transportation, transferring currencies or lack of money. Conclusion There is increasing evidence that sanctions harm vulnerable populations, while blocking globalization and not creating political or social change quickly. Improvement of Iran's NCCP is not feasible, and the health of cancer patients will continue to decline while the sanctions are in effect. The solution is complex, but a modern and innovative approach to diplomacy, which includes human rights, is necessary.
Malnutrition-induced myopathy following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

A 42-year-old man developed a myopathy in the setting of malnutrition following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for the treatment of morbid obesity. No specific vitamin or electrolyte deficiency was identified. Muscle biopsy revealed type II fiber atrophy. He recovered after the initiation of continuous enteral feeding. We suggest that malnutrition was the underlying cause of his myopathy.
Pilot Scale Milling Characteristics of Transgenic Isolines of a Hard Wheat Over-Expressing Puroindolines

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain texture is an important determinant of milling properties and end product use. Two linked genes, puroindoline a (Pina) and puroindoline b (Pinb), control most of the genetic variation in wheat grain texture. Our goal was to examine milling characteristics of transgenic isolines of the hard red spring wheat cultivar Hi-Line overexpressing Pina (HGA), Pinb (HGB), or both (HGAB), which have soft (HGAB and HGB), intermediate (HGA), and hard (Hi-Line) grain texture. A second goal was to evaluate the fl our quality of the genotypes for cookies and bread. Genotypes were grown in replicated trials in two environments. Grain was milled in a Miag Multomat pilot scale fl our mill which closely emulates a commercial long fl ow mill. Stream yield and ash and protein content were determined from 10 fl our and four bran streams. Cookie and bread quality was determined from straight grade fl our. Break fl our yield ranged from 404 g kg −1 for HGAB to 202 g kg −1 for Hi-Line. Straight grade fl our yield ranged from 711 g kg −1 for HGAB to 744 g kg −1 for Hi-Line. Cumulative ash curves showed harder textured wheats (Hi-Line and HGA) had greater ash content from break streams, but more horizontal slope than soft wheats (HGAB and HGB) for the portion of the curve describing the relationship between ash and fl our extracted from the endosperm. Flours from the soft isolines, HGAB and HGB, suffered less starch damage than fl our from intermediate HGA or hard Hi-Line. Flours from HGAB and HGB were best suited for cookies. All three transgenic isolines overexpressing either or both puroindolines had smaller loaves of bread than Hi-Line. Puroindolines directly impact milling properties and may indirectly affect end use properties such as cookie properties and loaf volume by modifying water hydration traits.
The Social Production of Built Form

The social production of built form can be characterized by three ideal types: vernacular building, organizational management, and creative individual. An ethnography of contemporary architectural ...
Is Conceptual Analysis Needed for the Reduction of Qualitative States

In this paper I discuss the claim (advanced in various ways by Joseph Levine, Frank Jackson and David Chalmers) that the successful reduction of qualitative to physical states requires some sort of intelligible connection between our qualitative and physical concepts, which in turn requires a conceptual analysis of our qualitative concepts in causal-functional terms. While I defend this claim against some of its recent critics, I ultimately dispute it, and propose a different way to get the requisite intelligible connection between qualitative and physical concepts.