cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Clinical, Histopathologic and Immunopathologic Parameters in Erythrodermic Variants of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma with Implications for Staging

In a 5-year interval (1984 to 1989), 32 patients with erythroderma caused by cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) were evaluated in the Cutaneous Lymphoma Center at Hahnemann University. These patients were classified further as erythrodermic mycosis fungoides (E-MF) or Sezary syndrome (SS) on the basis of quantitative counts of Sezary cells on peripheral blood smears, and the two groups were compared using multiple clinical, histopathologic, and immuno-pathologic findings obtained at the time of presentation. Apart from differences related to leukemic involvement, statistically significant differences between the two subgroups of erythrodermic CTCL were found for the frequency of (i) documented lymph node involvement, (ii) a marked degree of tumor cell pleomorphism in skin biopsy specimens, and (iii) complete response to treatment lasting more than 6 months. The prognostic importance of these clinical and pathologic parameters was also determined by univariate analysis using the entire data set. The individual variables identified as possibly being associated with a favorable prognosis included (i) younger age of the patient, (ii) long duration of disease prior to study, (iii) 15 or fewer Sezary cells per 100 lymphocytes [the definition of the E-MF clinical subtype], (iv) presence of epidermal edema, (v) a dermal infiltrate composed predominantly of small lymphocytes, (vi and vii) absence of CD71 and CD30 positive tumor cells in the skin, and (viii) complete response to treatment. These variables were then entered into a Cox model for multivariate analysis. The patient’s age, clinical subtype of erythrodermic CTCL, presence or absence of tumor cells expressing the transferrin receptor (CD71, T9) in the skin, and response to treatment were the variables that correlated best with survival. The results of this study suggest that the differences between E-MF and SS are related more to degree of tumor burden than to etiopathogenesis. In addition, demonstration of blood involvement by quantitative Sezary cell counts is useful to define at least two prognostic groups within the erythrodermic CTCL spectrum and should be adopted for staging purposes.
The influence of wire orientation during nucleate pool boiling in subcooled dodecane

Abstract Experiments were performed to examine the influence of thin wire heater orientation (φ = 0° (horizontal), 22°, 33°, 44°, 49.5°, 74° and 90° (vertical)) on nucleate boiling in subcooled dodecane. Variations of both heat flux ( q ″ ) and temperature difference (ΔT) along with φ change were analyzed. The number, velocity, and size of bubbles (whose size were larger than the wire diameter) were recorded, and their influence on critical heat flux (CHF) at different orientation angles were discussed. As φ increased, CHF variations decreased slowly at first and then quickly. The decrease in CHF was accompanied by decrease of bubble number and size, but increase of bubble speed along the wire. A critical angle of φ = 22° shows the highest heat transfer coefficient (HTC).
A 266 Patient Experience of a Quaternary Care Referral Center for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation with Assessment of Outcomes for Transferred Versus In-House Patients.

Objective Patients undergoing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) require highly trained specialists and resources to be cared for safely. Interestingly, comparisons of outcomes for patients cannulated for VA-ECMO by outside institutions and transferred to referral centers for further care versus those cannulated and taken care of in house at the referral center have not been reported on a large scale. This study aimed to perform the first comparison of these 2 populations based on the experience of a single quaternary referral center. Design A retrospective chart review–based study in a single quaternary care center of patients cannulated by referring institutions for VA-ECMO then transferred versus patients who were cannulated in house was performed to assess for a difference in survival (both of ECMO therapy and survival to discharge). Setting Single quaternary academic referral center for ECMO. Participants All patients undergoing VA-ECMO who were at least 18 years old from 2011–2018 (266 patients). Intervention None. Measurements and Main Results The study comprised 215 patients cannulated for VA-ECMO in house and 51 patients cannulated by 17 different outside institutions then transferred. Survival of the ECMO run for in-house patients (122/215) was 56.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 50.1-63.3), and survival of transferred patients (31/51) for the ECMO run was 60.8% (95% CI 47.4-74.2; p = 0.58). Survival to discharge in patients cannulated in house (82/215) was 38.1% (95% CI 31.6-44.6) and for outside hospital transfers (24/51 patients) was 47.1% (95% CI 33.4-60.8; p = 0.23). Conclusions This retrospective chart review of 266 patients found no difference in survival of the ECMO therapy or survival to discharge in patients cannulated by other institutions and transferred versus those who were cannulated in house. Even though analysis on the feasibility of transfer centers has been performed extensively in patients with respiratory failure requiring venovenous ECMO, minimal investigation has been performed in patients requiring VA-ECMO. These results should be considered hypothesis-generating because larger sample sizes are necessary to guide care of these patients more definitively.
Abstract 3721: Improved fitting of HRMAS NMR spectra for ex vivo metabolomic analysis of glioma tissue

Gliomas are aggressive brain tumors with high rates of treatment resistance and low survival rates. High-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can quantify metabolite concentrations in glioma tissue, but most analysis techniques require manual peak selection and integration that prevents accurate and reliable quantitation of overlapping peaks and large macromolecule baselines. Our goal was to compare the effectiveness of operator-independent LCModel analysis of glioma spectra acquired from free induction decay (FID) and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequences. HRMAS NMR spectra were acquired using FID and CPMG sequences from 14 histologically-confirmed glioma tissue samples (WHO grade II (n=5), III (n=5), and IV (n=4)) collected during surgical resection from human brain tumor patients. Metabolite concentration ratios and Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) were estimated using LCModel. Metabolite CRLBs were compared using a paired two sample t-test. Differences in concentrations as a function of WHO grade were determined with ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer post-hoc tests. Significance was determined by p Metabolite CRLBs for lactate and myo-inositol were significantly lower for CPMG compared to FID spectra (p Comparison of metabolite concentrations as a function of WHO grade revealed significant differences in lactate and glutamine plus glutamate normalized to creatine (p In conclusion, LCModel can reliably quantify HRMAS spectra acquired with the CPMG sequence but is less reliable with the FID sequence. Increases in lactate and glutamine plus glutamate concentrations as a function of tumor grade were consistent with previous results using HRMAS for glioma metabolic analysis, and 2-HG was detected in 1D HRMAS spectra acquired with both sequences. We expect that improved spectral fitting will contribute to future NMR-based metabolomics studies in glioma. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Selin Ekici, Ren Geryak, Stewart G. Neill, Hui-Kuo Shu, Candace C. Fleischer. Improved fitting of HRMAS NMR spectra for ex vivo metabolomic analysis of glioma tissue [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3721.
Superdiffusive Motion of Membrane-Targeting Domains

Membrane-targeting domains play crucial roles in the association of signaling molecules to the plasma membrane. For most peripheral proteins, the protein-to-membrane interaction is transient; but after proteins dissociate from the membrane they are observed to rebind following a brief excursion in the bulk solution. These membrane hops can have broad implications on protein dynamics. We study the diffusion of membrane-targeting domains using single-molecule tracking in supported lipid bilayers. The ensemble-averaged mean square displacement (MSD) exhibits superdiffusive behavior. However, the time-averaged MSD of individual trajectories is found to be linear with respect to lag time, as in Brownian diffusion. These observations are explained in terms of bulk excursions that introduce jumps with a heavy-tail distribution, rapidly increasing the area explored. Furthermore, this type of motion is characterized by a pronounced scattering in the time-averaged MSD of individual trajectories.
Implementing lower-risk brief resolved unexplained events guideline reduces admissions in a modelled population

RATIONALE American Academy of Pediatrics released a clinical practice guideline (CPG) in 2016 recommending the term apparent life-threatening events (ALTE) be replaced by brief resolved unexplained events (BRUE). The CPG provides recommendations for the clinical evaluation and management of infants with this condition based on the risk of a serious underlying disorder or repeat event. The lower-risk CPG was applied to a modelled population, studying predictors of hospital admission, defined as length of stay (LOS) ≥ 24 hours. METHODS An algorithm was derived using a Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network database. Propensity score weighting, based on probability of following the CPG, determined the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of hospital admission. Multiple imputation allowed any missing data problems be addressed and a sensitivity analysis of database robustness. RESULTS Applying the modelling algorithm, 3116 observations were identified, among whom 1974 (63.4%) the CPG was followed and 1142 (36.6%) not followed. The CPG was followed for 60.1% of infants staying ≥24 hours compared with 76.6% of infants staying <24 hours (P < .001). After propensity score weighting and multiple imputation, the likelihood of hospital admission was significantly lower when the CPG was followed (aOR = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.39-0.62, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that use of the CPG under strict conditions would lead to fewer hospital admissions among infants with a lower-risk BRUE. Implementation of CPGs in modelled populations may help clinicians identify unanticipated factors and address these issues beforehand. We noted differences in care based on race, necessitating further investigation.
Comparative Analysis of Magnetic Core Loss Measurement Methods with Arbitrary Excitations

Magnetic cores are essentially significant in high frequency switching transformers. The core loss is an important characteristic parameter of the switching transformer modeling, loss estimation and thermal design, etc. Therefore, it is essential to measure the core loss accurately. In this paper, a brief review about the existing core loss measurement methods under arbitrary excitation is given. The accuracy and applicability of each method are discussed theoretically and verified experimentally, especially at high frequencies up to several MHz. The paper provides appropriate core loss measurement methods in different situations for both scholars and engineers.
Lessons Learned from the SILENUS Federated File System

The major objective of the Service Oriented Computing Environment (SORCER) is to form dynamic federations of network services that provide engineering data, applications and tools on an engineering grid with exertion-oriented programming. To meet the requirements of these services in terms of data shar-ing and managing in the form of data files, a corresponding federated file system, SILENUS, was developed. This system fits the SORCER philosophy of interactive exertion-oriented programming, where users create service-oriented programs and can access data files in the same way they use their local file system. This paper gives a brief overview of SORCER and then the SILENUS methodology is described.
Hypobetalipoproteinemia and abetalipoproteinemia: liver disease and cardiovascular disease.

Purpose of review Several mutations in the apolipoprotein (apo) B, proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein genes result in low or absent levels of apoB and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) in plasma which cause familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) and abetalipoproteinemia (ABL). Mutations in the angiopoietin-like protein 3 ANGPTL3 gene cause familial combined hypolipidemia (FHBL2). Clinical manifestations range from none-to-severe, debilitating and life-threatening disorders. This review summarizes recent genetic, metabolic and clinical findings and management strategies. Recent findings Fatty liver, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma have been reported in FHBL and ABL probably due to decreased triglyceride export from the liver. Loss of function mutations in PCSK-9 and ANGPTL3 cause FHBL but not hepatic steatosis. In 12 case-control studies with 57 973 individuals, an apoB truncation was associated with a 72% reduction in coronary heart disease (odds ratio, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.64; P = 0.002). PCSK9 inhibitors lowered risk of cardiovascular events in large, randomized trials without apparent adverse sequelae. Summary Mutations causing low LDL-C and apoB have provided insight into lipid metabolism, disease associations and the basis for drug development to lower LDL-C in disorders causing high levels of cholesterol. Early diagnosis and treatment is necessary to prevent adverse sequelae from FHBL and ABL.
Understanding Account Recovery in the Wild and Its Security Implications

Account recovery (usually through a password reset) on many websites has mainly relied on accessibility to a registered email, due to its favorable deployability and usability. However, it makes a user's online accounts vulnerable to a single point of failure when the registered email account is compromised. While previous research focuses on strengthening user passwords, the security risk imposed by email-based password recovery has not yet been well studied. In this paper, we first conduct a measurement study to characterize the password recovery activities in the wild. Specifically, we examine the authentication and password recovery protocols from 239 traffic-heavy websites, confirming that most of them use emails for password recovery. We further scrutinize the security policy of leading email service providers and show that a significant portion of them takes no or marginal effort to protect user email accounts, leaving compromised email accounts readily available for mounting password recovery attacks. Then, we conduct case studies to assess potential losses caused by such attacks. Finally, we propose and implement a lightweight email security enhancement called Secure Email Account Recovery (SEAR) to defend against password recovery attacks by adding an extra layer of protection to password recovery emails.
Ten-year experience with percutaneous cryoablation of renal tumors: Tumor size predicts disease progression

Introduction: Percutaneous cryoablation (PCA) has emerged as an alternative to extirpative management of small renal masses (SRMs) in select patients, with a reduced risk of perioperative complicat...
‘My Fast is Better Than Your Fast’: Concealing Interreligious Evaluations and Discerning Respectful Others in Gondar, Ethiopia

This essay argues that modalities of interreligious conflict and coexistence in Gondar, Ethiopia entail shifting sites of discernibility and concealment. In religiously mixed interactions, both par...
Tourism: who needs it?

Is tourism economically beneficial? If so, who benefits? How much of the money generated through tourism can be channeled into other projects so desperately needed by the community without harming the local tour market? Will tourism continue to grow forever, or is there an end in sight? The authors discuss how tourism will change in approaching the next century: and how people will change if tourism is to remain such an important economic facto
Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis versus cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19 patients.

COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome/pneumonia with features of cytokine storm reminiscent of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), ...
Loop equations, matrix models, and Script N = 1 supersymmetric gauge theories

We derive the Konishi anomaly equations for = 1 supersymmetric gauge theories based on the classical gauge groups with matter in two-index tensor and fundamental representations, thus extending the existing results for U(N). A general formula is obtained which expresses solutions to the Konishi anomaly equation in terms of solutions to the loop equations of the corresponding matrix model. This provides an alternative to the diagrammatic proof that the perturbative part of the glueball superpotential Weff for these matter representations can be computed from matrix model integrals, and further shows that the two approaches always give the same result. The anomaly approach is found to be computationally more efficient in the cases we studied. Also, we show in the anomaly approach how theories with a traceless two-index tensor can be solved using an associated theory with a traceful tensor and appropriately chosen coupling constants.
Existential Group Work with Mothers

Motherhood can be an isolating time and support from others, particularly like-minded mothers, has been shown to be important in enabling mothers to cope with the demands of caring for a new baby. This chapter draws on recent research demonstrating how mothers are affected on each of the four dimensions of existence, the physical, social, personal and spiritual dimensions. A framework for running a 14-week postnatal support group based on the four dimensions is offered. Rather than viewing mothers’ experiences as psychopathology, women are encouraged to address and reflect on the existential concerns that emerge during motherhood. Gaining a deeper understanding of these existential issues helps mothers make sense of and normalise their motherhood experiences, whilst sharing their experiences and learning from other mothers.
Universal Well-Being Assessment Associated With Increased Resident Utilization of Mental Health Resources and Decrease in Professionalism Breaches

Background A previous study showed that residents felt a universal well-being visit to a Faculty Staff Assistance Program (FSAP) would increase self-initiated visits. It is unknown whether such program is associated with more self-initiated visits, improved professionalism, or positive well-being measures. Objective We measured internal medicine (IM) resident-initiated visits before and after the universal well-being FSAP intervention to assess for increased utilization of FSAP services and effect on professionalism and well-being measures. Methods Universally scheduled, resident-initiated, program-mandated FSAP visits for IM residents at West Virginia University were counted for years 2014-2019. Professionalism reports of all residents and IM residents were tallied. A Mann-Kendall trend test was used to estimate slope of trends. Burnout and compassion satisfaction (CS) scores were assessed from 2017-2020. Results Residents opted-out of 8 of 239 (3.3%) universally scheduled FSAP visits. Resident-initiated visits significantly increased from 0 in 2014-2015 to 23 in 2018-2019 (slope = 6.5; P = .027; 95% CI [1.0, 8.0]). Program-mandated visits significantly decreased from 12 in 2014-2015 to 3 in 2018-2019 (slope = -2.4; P = .027; 95% CI [-3.0, -1.0]). IM-attributed professionalism reports significantly decreased from 17 of 62 (31%) in 2014 to 1 of 62 (1.6%) in 2019 (slope = -5.7%; P = .024; 95% CI [-11.6%, -0.6%]). Burnout scores remained in the low range (≤ 22) and CS scores in the average-high range (38.7-42) from 2017-2020. Conclusions A universal well-being FSAP program increased resident utilization of mental health resources and was associated with fewer professionalism breaches.
Role of Krüppel-like factors in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare but deadly disease with a complex pathogenesis. Recent evidence demonstrates that Kruppel-like factors, a diverse family of transcription factors, are involved in several key disease processes such as the phenotypic transition of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Importantly, manipulation of certain Kruppel-like factors enables protection or attenuation against pulmonary arterial hypertension in both animal models and preliminary human studies. In this review, we discuss how Kruppel-like factors, in particular Kruppel-like factors 2, 4 and 5 contribute to the pathological phenomena seen in pulmonary arterial hypertension and how associated signaling and microRNA pathways may be suitable targets for new therapies.
Thermal effects mediating the flow induced by laser-induced optical breakdown

Laser-induced optical breakdown is a nonintrusive, versatile means of depositing energy in a gas, though the laser-generated flow can be complex, and its coupling with the plasma dynamics is not fully understood. By comparing nonequilibrium-plasma, equilibrium-chemistry, and frozen-gas models, our simulations show that rapid heat release by electron recombination enhances the supersonic expansion of the plasma. The resulting shock wave leaves behind a vortical flow whose strength is suppressed by the high thermal conductivity of free electrons. These results indicate that, while thermal nonequilibrium is weak, chemical nonequilibrium is needed to accurately predict post-breakdown flow.
Risks for Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Caused by Non-Albicans Candida Versus Candida Albicans

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second most common vulvovaginitis (VV). About 20% of women will experience recurrent infections in their lifetime with non-albicans Candida (NAC) species being one of the causative agents. Although studies have looked at risk factors for recurrent VVC they are limited in scope. In this study, we explore whether risks of recurrent VVC are increased with NAC infections compared to Candida albicans infections. Methods: Through an institutional review board-approved retrospective chart review, we identified 174 women with positive yeast cultures and followed their charts to assess recurrent visits and treatments. We also assessed several baseline variables such as race, age, body mass index (BMI), obstetric history, probiotic use, contraceptive use, mycological therapy, steroid use, hormone replacement therapy, menopausal status, and medical comorbidities. Results: Women with NAC VV were more likely to have multiple visits for recurring infections compared to women who had C. albicans VV (66% vs. 34%). The women with multiple recurrences were younger, had a lower BMI, had lower parity, and endorsed higher use of probiotics. Conclusion: Women with positive NAC cultures were more likely to have multiple visits to their physicians for VV complaints. Identifying the causative species using vaginal fungal cultures can more accurately guide therapy and lead to better outcomes for these patients.
Robust networks of interfacial localized graphene in cocontinuous polymer blends

Conductive polymer composites enjoy specialized applications such as electrostatic discharge protection. In this work, we create interfacially localized graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in a cocontinuous polymer blend of polylactide (PLA) and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA). Based on the wetting coefficient analysis, GNPs favor localization in the EVA phase. A two-step compounding sequence is designed such that a PLA/GNP masterbatch is first prepared via solution blending, and then melt compounded with the EVA. In the second step, GNPs transfer from the PLA phase to the EVA phase but become kinetically trapped at the interface, as confirmed by electron microscopy. We achieve an ultralow percolation threshold of 0.048 wt. % GNPs and obtain blends with electrical conductivities of ∼10−5 S/cm at 0.5 wt. % GNP concentration. We systematically study the shear and extensional rheology of the ternary composite system. Cocontinuous blends with interfacial GNPs exhibit higher shear and extensional viscosities compared to samples with GNPs localized entirely within the EVA phase. Rheology, in situ dielectric measurements, and transmission electron microscopic imaging after nonlinear deformations all show the interfacial GNP network undergoes structure recovery and largely remains at the PLA/EVA interface. Moreover, high electrical conductivity is maintained during 2–10 min melt compounding and conductivity recovers with annealing after nonlinear deformations. These results suggest that these robust GNP networks preserve their bulk electrical conductivity during subsequent melt processing.
Predicting Fall Risk Through Automatic Wearable Monitoring: A Systematic Review

Falls represent a major burden on elderly individuals and society as a whole. Technologies that are able to detect individuals at risk of fall before occurrence could help reduce this burden by targeting those individuals for rehabilitation to reduce risk of falls. Wearable technologies especially, which can continuously monitor aspects of gait, balance, vital signs, and other aspects of health known to be related to falls, may be useful and are in need of study. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematics Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2009 guidelines to identify articles related to the use of wearable sensors to predict fall risk. Fifty four studies were analyzed. The majority of studies (98.0%) utilized inertial measurement units (IMUs) located at the lower back (58.0%), sternum (28.0%), and shins (28.0%). Most assessments were conducted in a structured setting (67.3%) instead of with free-living data. Fall risk was calculated based on retrospective falls history (48.9%), prospective falls reporting (36.2%), or clinical scales (19.1%). Measures of the duration spent walking and standing during free-living monitoring, linear measures such as gait speed and step length, and nonlinear measures such as entropy correlate with fall risk, and machine learning methods can distinguish between falls. However, because many studies generating machine learning models did not list the exact factors being considered, it is difficult to compare these models directly. Few studies to date have utilized results to give feedback about fall risk to the patient or to supply treatment or lifestyle suggestions to prevent fall, though these are considered important by end users. Wearable technology demonstrates considerable promise in detecting subtle changes in biomarkers of gait and balance related to an increase in fall risk. However, more large-scale studies measuring increasing fall risk before first fall are needed, and exact biomarkers and machine learning methods used need to be shared to compare results and pursue the most promising fall risk measurements. There is a great need for devices measuring fall risk also to supply patients with information about their fall risk and strategies and treatments for prevention.
Perceiving Immigrants as a Threat: A Motivational Approach to False Consensus:

False consensus, or biased projection of one’s opinion onto others, has repeatedly been described by political communication scholars as a derivative of selective exposure to attitude-consistent in...
The Influence of the Arctic Pack Ice on Climate

An assessment is made of each component of the heat budgets of the surface and of the earth-atmosphere system in the central Arctic, both for an ice-covered ocean and for an ice-free ocean. The annual patterns of atmospheric heat loss for both conditions are obtained as residuals; the relation of these patterns to general atmospheric circulation and glacier accumulation is discussed.
RFID Adoption and Productivity Growth in U.S. Retail Supply Chains

Ten years have passed since Wal-Mart’s public announcement about its RFID technology adoption plan in 2003. There has been a slowdown of RFID technology adoption since 2008. Many U.S. retailers do not consider adopting the RFID technology because of the uncertainty of return on investment and the lack of business cases. This paper evaluates labor productivity of RFID adopted retailers. This paper uses objective data from financial statements and explains association between RFID technology and adopted retailer’s productivity. The regression analyses using the Cobb-Douglas production function suggests that RFID companies have higher labor productivity than non-RFID companies. But the gap between RFID and non-RFID is not significant.
Infiltration performance of engineered surfaces commonly used for distributed stormwater management

Engineered porous media are commonly used in low impact development (LID) structures to mitigate excess stormwater in urban environments. Differences in infiltrability of these LID systems arise from the wide variety of materials used to create porous surfaces and subsequent maintenance, debris loading, and physical damage. In this study, the infiltration capacity of six common materials was tested by multiple replicate experiments with automated mini-disk infiltrometers. The tested materials included porous asphalt, porous concrete, porous brick pavers, flexible porous pavement, engineered soils, and native soils. Porous asphalt, large porous brick pavers, and curb cutout rain gardens showed the greatest infiltration rates. Most engineered porous pavements and soils performed better than the native silt loam soils. Infiltration performance was found to be related more to site design and environmental factors than material choice. Sediment trap zones in both pavements and engineered soil rain gardens were found to be beneficial to the whole site performance. Winter chloride application had a large negative impact on poured in place concrete, making it a poor choice for heavily salted areas.
Neogene phosphogenesis along the eastern margin of the Pacific Ocean

RESUMEN. La fosfogenesis neogena a lo largo del margen oriental del oceano Pacifico. Rocas fosfaticas del Neogeno a lo largo del margen oriental del Pacifico ocurren asociadas con sedimentos pelagicos y hemipelagicos y se encuentran en tres formas principales. Los fosfatos tipo F son peloides de color claro que se desmenuzan facilmente y lentes o laminas de carbonato fluorapatita (CFA) autogenico, formados durante las primeras etapas de la diagenesis en sedimentos organicos y que no fueron retrabajados despues de su formacion. Los Fosfatos tipo P consisten en arenas de peloides fosfaticos o capas de areniscas, muchas de las cuales contienen superficies basales erosionales, gradacion positiva y otras huellas que sugieren retrabajo y concentraciones por corrientes profundas. Los fosfatos tipo O consisten en superficies duras, oscuras y densas con nodulos y conglomerados de CFA. Asociaciones de las diferentes facies y correlaciones con las curvas del nivel del mar de Haq et al. sugieren que los fosfatos tipo F pudieron haberse originado en un ambiente de baja energia y bajo oxigeno durante etapas de transgresion. Los fosfatos tipo D suelen ocurrir durante hiatos en la sedimentacion o en secciones condensadas de ambientes de plataforma, talud superior y aislados montes submarinos. El ambiente mas comun para la formacion del fosfato tipo F parece haber sido la plataforma donde fueron directamente afectados por cambios periodicos del nivel del mar. Evidencias presentadas en este trabajo indican que la fosfogenesis se desarrollo localmente en forma continua desde el Oligoceno, sugiriendo que las corrientes orientales y zonas de ascendencia de aguas profundas o 'upwelling' han existido al menos desde el Oligoceno. Depositos fosfaticos neogenos de importancia economica existen en Peru, Baja California y Alta California, habiendose formado en plataformas anchas adyacentes a regiones de 'upwelling' durante tiempos de transgresion marcados por cambios bruscos y rapidos en el nivel del mar. Esta combinacion de elementos puede servir como modelo en la exploracion de fosfatos economicos aun no descubiertos.
Untangling the application of the EU equality directives at national level: a bottom-up approach

Several EU-wide reports have identified obstacles for the effective application of the Race Equality Directive (‘RED’) and the Framework Equality Directive (‘FED’) at national level, but they do not explain why these obstacles arise. This paper seeks to provide additional tools to understand what may be the causes for the limited application of those directives at national level. On the basis of the theory of the ‘social working of law’, developed by Griffiths, I present an analytical framework to explain why people follow anti-discrimination law – or not – and which choices they make when they suffer discrimination. I argue that the RED and the FED are mainly based on individual enforcement. Therefore, the proposed framework analyses the decision-making procedure of individual victims of discrimination, from the moment they suffer discrimination till they decide to bring a claim. It identifies the main factors playing a role in victims’ decisions, the barriers they may encounter in accessing the legal system and the role played by advice-providers, like equality bodies or NGOs. The paper also considers the limitations of such a framework for tackling the problem of institutional discrimination.
The purification and properties of the glycoproteins of pig gallbladder bile

Abstract A method for the isolation of pig gallbladder mucin, the major glycoprotein of pig gallbladder bile, is described. Two distinct mucins were isolated, A and H pig gallbladder mucins from blood group A and H pigs, respectively. The chemical compositions and chemical and immunochemical properties of these two mucins are described.
ADDITIONAL EFFECTS OF MASSING AND SPACING ON EXPECTANCIES.

(1964). Additional Effects of Massing and Spacing on Expectancies. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 70, No. 2, pp. 215-223.
Design of an Extended Mission for GRAIL

The GRAIL extended mission will extend the measurement of the lunar gravity field beyond what was achieved by the primary GRAIL mission this past spring (2012). By lowering the orbits of the two GRAIL spacecraft to less than half the altitude of the primary mission orbits on average, the resolution of the gravity field measurements will be improved by a factor of two, yielding a signicant improvement in our knowledge of the structure of the upper crust of the Moon. The challenges of flying so low and the design which will meet those challenges is presented here.
Interlanguage Development: Main Routes and Individual Paths

The study of language development in second language acquisition naturally leads to information about linguistic processes of second language acquisition, but it also sheds light on learners’ individual differences. This article examines the acquisition of the future in L2 English and explores how learners in a longitudinal study respond to input, instruction, and the general task of learning a second language through the lens of their grammatical development.
Risk factors for delayed extubation in thoracic and lumbar spine surgery: a retrospective analysis of 135 patients.

Purpose Extubation may be delayed after spine surgery mainly for the concerns of airway safety. Risk factors for delayed extubation in cervical spine surgery have been described to include prolonged surgery time and amount of crystalloids or blood transfused. To date, risk factors for delayed extubation in thoracic or lumbar spine surgery have not been investigated. We retrospectively reviewed 135 consecutive patients from 2006 to 2009 who underwent thoracic or lumbar spine surgery by one particular surgeon to identify risk factors for delayed extubation.
Peripubertal development of noradrenergic stimulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurosecretion in vitro

The effect of age on norepinephrine (NE) stimulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) secretion from preoptic area-mediobasal hypothalamic (POA-MBH) explants was examined in the present study. Explants were obtained from juvinile (9-day-old), prepubertal (29-day-old) and adult female rats. Following decapitation and surgical isolation, POA-MBH explants were individually perifused with culture medium which was collected for radioimmunoassay of LH-RH. Explants were exposed to two pulses of medium containing NE (5 × 10−4 M, peak concentration) and a terminal pulse of medium containing KCl (45 mM, peak concentration) for assessment of viability. POA-MBH explants obtained from prepubertal female rats exhibited increased LH-RH release in response to the two pulses of NE and subsequent KCl pulse (P < 0.05). NE was without effect in stimulating LH-RH neurosecretion from POA-MBH explants obtained from 9-day-old female rats although these explants were responsive to KCl (P < 0.01). Two-day pretreatment of 9-day-old, and prepubertal rats with estradiol benzoate (EB) did not alter the LH-RH response to this dose of NE or KCl (no group or interaction effects) in prepubertal female rat explants and did not render the explants from 9-day-old rats responsive to NE. Furthermore, NE was equally effective in stimulating LH-RH release from explants obtained from estradiol-treated or control ovariectomized adult rats. These observations demonstrate a peripubertal activation of the stimulatory effect of NE on LH-RH release from POA-MBH explants in vitro. Although these data also suggest that estrogen is not obligatory for NE stimulation of LH-RH release from POA-MBH explants, further investigation is required to determine the developmental time course and estrogen dependency of the noradrenergic stimulation of LH-RH neurosecretion and to evaluate whether estrogen alters the sensitivity of POA-MBH explants to lower concentrations of NE as has been previously reported for median eminence fragments.
IgE antibodies in nasal secretions of ragweed-allergic subjects

Abstract Nasal washings from 50 ragweed-allergic and 10 normal individuals and parotid salivas from half of this group were studied for the presence of IgE antiragweed antibodies by means of radioimmunodiffusion (RID) and Prausnitz-Kustner (P-K) tests. Sixty per cent of the nasal washings from the group of allergic patients gave positive P-K reactions, but only 16 per cent were positive in the RID test. The nasal IgE antiragweed antibodies detected in RID showed reactions of identity with the IgE antibodies in the serum. The presence of nasal IgE antibodies as detected by RID did not seem to be related to the degree of chinical symptoms or immunotherapy but showed some correlation with P-K titers of the sera. The lower degree of sensitivity of RID, compared to that of the P-K test, accounted for the difference in the incidence of IgE antibodies in the nasal washings as detected by these two methods. Nasal washings from the control subjects and parotid salivas from both the allergic and normal individuals did not show reaginic antibody activity.
Energy balance and heat exchange in mesoscopic systems.

The spatial distribution of the power transferred from the electrons to the phonon bath is calculated for several mesoscopic structures with use of the nonequilibrium Green's-function formalism. We introduce the concept of a ``current potential'' ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{J}}$ which has the property that the local power transfer is proportional to its spatial derivative. At low bias, the local power transfer between the electrons and the phonon bath can be separated into a component that is linear in the applied bias and a component that goes quadratically with bias. The linear component represents the thermoelectric heat, which can be locally positive or negative, while the quadratic component represents the Joule heating, which is positive everywhere. The numerical calculations presented in this paper are based on a local phonon model. However, the basic formulation is quite general. Energy-balance equations are derived in the absence of magnetic fields for systems with local or nonlocal electron-phonon interactions.
Occult adenocarcinoma of the pancreas in a patient with Lindau's disease

An occult adenocarcinoma of the pancreas found at autopsy is reported in a 27-year-old white male with Lindau's disease. The present case, with hemangioblastomas of the cerebellum and brain stem, is associated with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, pancreatic cysts, multiple renal cysts, multiple renal cell carcinomas, and cystadenomas of epididymes. The fact that the occurrence of occult adenocarcinoma is rare, especially in a young individual, suggests the possibility that this carcinoma may have arisen from a preexisting pancreatic cyst. This possibility is supported by the proximity of the cyst wall to the carcinoma.
UBViz: a software tool for exploring metabolic pathways in 3-D space

Now You See It… Scientists tend to think of data presentation as an unimportant decorative touch—after all, what really matters is what the data mean, not how they look. Even so, there's a reason people talk about what the data “show,” because visualization is an important way to convey understanding. This is especially true when it comes to depicting complex metabolic pathways. Unfortunately, although computers are now heavily used in analyzing and predicting networks, visual representations of these pathways seem to be stuck in the days of pen and paper. On p. 540, Li and Chou show that metabolic pathways need not be drab, flat compilations of boxes and endlessly overlapping lines. The authors introduce UBViz, a program that provides colorful, 3-D renderings of metabolic pathways available in KEGG (the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes). Users can directly download KEGG pathway information and then manipulate the pathway in virtual 3-D space. The experience should remind researchers that flashy do...
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide enhances adipocyte development and glucose uptake in part through Akt activation.

Background & Aims: In addition to its role as the primary mediator of the enteroinsular axis, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) may play a critical role in the development of obesity. The purpose of these studies was to characterize the effects of GIP and its receptor (GIPR) in adipocyte development and signaling. Methods: Effects of GIP and GIPR on differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were analyzed using Western blot analysis, Oil-Red-O staining, cyclic adenosine monophosphate radioimmunoassay, immunofluorescence microscopy, and glucose uptake measurements. Results: To determine whether GIP and GIPR are important components in adipocyte development, the expression profile of GIPR during differentiation was examined. GIPR protein expression was enhanced during the differentiation process, and coincubation with its ligand GIP augmented the expression of aP2, a fat cell marker. Conversely, the suppression of GIPR expression by a specific short hairpin RNA attenuated Oil-Red-O staining and aP2 expression, suggesting that the GIPR may play a critical role in adipocyte development. To investigate specific signaling components that may mediate the effects of GIP, we analyzed Akt, glucose transporter-4, and glucose uptake, all of which are modulated by insulin in fat cells. Like insulin, GIP induced the activation of Akt in a concentration-dependent manner, promoted membrane glucose transporter-4 accumulation, and enhanced [3H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake. Conclusions: These studies provide further evidence for an important physiologic role for GIP in lipid homeostasis and possibly in the pathogenesis of obesity. Furthermore, our data indicate that the GIPR might represent a suitable target for the treatment of obesity.
Reactivity of nitrogenous and other organic compounds with aqueous chlorine.

Chlorine has been used to disinfect municipal water supplies in this country since 1908. Chlorine has become the primary drinking water disinfectant in the United States used to prevent the transmission of waterborne diseases. Free aqueous chlorine exists as hypochlorous acid (HOCI) and hypochlorite ion (OCI-). These forms react readily with ammonia and other nitrogenous compounds to form combined chlorine and oxidation products. Although much research on chlorine and its mechanisms of reaction and disinfection efficiency has been accomplished (Morris 1980, 1965), information on reactions of chlorine and nitrogenous compounds at low concentrations is relatively limited. The amount of information developed over the last fifty years on the occurrence of nitrogenous compounds in water supplies has also been scarce. Recently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has completed studies compiling findings of nitrogenous and other organics in water supplies. With the exception of amino acids, no other group of nitrogen containing organic compounds (N-compounds) has been thoroughly investigated as to its reaction with chlorine. In a recent study by Morris (1980), some 26 N-compounds were treated with chlorine to determine their reactivities. However, the test concentrations varied, and no standard protocol was used. Other studies have detailed the reactions of organics with chlorine, but no standard protocol or concentrations were observed, and therefore studies are difficult to compare (Jolley 1975, Pereira 1973, Wilkens 1979, Shimizu 1973, Barnhart, 1972, McCarty 1980, Youssefi 1978). It was to this end that this study was initiated to investigate reactivities with chlorine of specific N-organics compounds in various classes in a standard protocol. In addition to information gathered as to what will or will not react with aqueous chlorine, another most important facet is the time factor. If in the water treatment disinfection process the chlorine and organic compound are reacted completely in 30-60 minutes, then the organic will no longer exert a demand. Thus, the residual sent out of the disinfection stage will be a true residual, available to destroy harmful microorganisms. If, in fact, the organic-nitrogen compound does not react at all, over a long (one week) period, then with respect to chlorine demand, the compound also will present no problem.