cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On relationships between horizontal velocity structure and thermal ion upwellings at high latitudes

Recent studies indicate that the vertical velocity of F region ion upwellings cannot be explained by frictional heating in the horizontal plane alone but requires additional energization sources. Processes involving velocity shear have recently been put forward as alternate mechanisms that can provide the energization in regions of smaller convection speeds. Studies show that structured flows can also give rise to significant upwelling of ions by seeding plasma waves that can potentially cause ion heating while Joule heating is relatively small. We provide a statistical analysis of the Dynamics Explorer 2 vertical and horizontal ion drift measurements that show further evidence for the significance of plasma wave energization process in regions of varying levels of Joule heating.
Combustion in a stretched fuel strip with finite rate chemistry

Abstract This article concerns a combined analytical and numerical study of finite rate exothermic chemical reactions in a one-dimensional fuel strip embedded in an oxidizing medium. The fuel and oxidizer undergo time dependent in-plane straining motion resembling a fuel strip that is being continuously stretched by the local velocity gradients in a turbulent oxidizer field. The analytical part of the approach makes use of the Shvab-Zel'dovich formulation of species and energy equations under the assumptions of equal species mass diffusivities and unity Lewis number. Numerical solution of the fuel species equation is combined with the analytic solutions of the Shvab-Zel'dovich variables to determine the structure of the combustion field. Influence of different strain histories on fuel consumption is presented for a generic second-order chemical reaction with Arrhenius temperature dependence and unit stoichiometry. The strain histories include linearly increasing and decreasing strain rates with time and sinusoidal strain rate variations with different frequencies resembling strain rates in fluctuating flow fields. The results show significant influence of strain history on fuel consumption behavior. Straining results in considerable enhancement of combustion rates, although thermal quenching is experienced at high strain rates. Combustion behavior during low- and high-frequency oscillations in the strain rate can be quite different in that the flame does not fully respond to high-frequency oscillations. On the other hand, low-frequency oscillations can considerably enhance combustion rates.
Interaction of a Baroclinic Vortex with Background Shear: Application to Hurricane Movement

Abstract Most extant studies of tropical cyclone movement consider a barotropic vortex on a β plane. However, observations have shown that real tropical cyclones are strongly baroclinic, with broad anticyclones aloft. Also, the distribution of the large-scale potential vorticity gradient in the tropical atmosphere is very nonuniform. These properties may substantially influence the movement of such storms. Note that the anticyclone above a hurricane will interact with the lower hurricane vortex and induce storm motion. Such interaction can be caused by both the direct effect of ambient vertical shear and the effect of vertical variation of the background potential vorticity gradient. In this paper, an attempt to isolate the effect of background vertical shear is made. The hurricane is represented in a two-layer quasigeostrophic model as a point source of mass and zero potential vorticity air in the upper layer, collocated with a point cyclone in the lower layer. The model is integrated by the method of co...
Enhancement of Response Rate by the Mere Physical Presence of the Experimenter

Based on Cottrell's theory of learned social drive, it was predicted that the mere physical presence of an experimenter would facilitate performance by serving as a discriminative, conditioned stimulus. In the control condition of a within- subjects design the experimenter was seated behind a cabinet, 3 m from the subject. In a mere presence condition the experimenter was seated beside the subject, but with his back toward the subject. The potential for evaluation was not increased by the experimenter's physical presence, yet his presence produced a significant increase in response rate on a simple word construction task. In a third condition the experimenter's chair was rotated to permit direct observation of the subject's performance. Direct observation produced only a minor increase in response rate, compared to the mere presence condition.
Invisible Markings and Conservation Treatment: An Exploratory Study

The purpose of this exploratory study is to determine whether the common conservation technique of washing results in distortion or elimination of microstamps on various types of paper. The study concludes that the common practice of immersing pages in water to help remove dirt and lessen stains could distort security stamps applied to certain types of paper. The significance of the study is to create awareness among special collections or rare book departments of the need to reapply a security stamp for certain types of paper after conservation treatment and to recommend further research in this area.
The Relationship of Personality-Based Learning Style Preferences and Learning among Online Graduate Students

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY was to examine the relationship of personality-based learning styles and learning among graduate students enrolled in an online doctoral program that utilized the BlackboardSM e-leaming system. Two measures of learning—course grades and perceived learning—were used. According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®, the majority of students in the sample (N = 64) were extraverts, intuitives, feelers and judgers. This profile differed from that of the general population on two personality dimensions: sensing-intuition and judging-perceiving. The general population tends to be sensors rather than intuitives and to be equally distributed between judgers and perceivers. No significant differences in learning were found based on learning styles. The implication for practice is that an online course can achieve equity in learning for all personality-based learning styles provided the course is designed to include elements that appeal to students with different styles. However, what is not known are the roles of motivation to learn and volition for students to persist despite any incongruence between individual learning style and the course as presented.
Daily and circadian variation in the electroretinogram of the domestic fowl: effects of melatonin

Visual and circadian function are integrally related in birds, but the precise nature of their interaction is unknown. The present study determined whether visual sensitivity measured electroretinographically (ERG) in 7-week-old cockerels varies over the time of day, whether this rhythm persists in constant darkness (DD) and whether exogenous melatonin affects this ERG rhythmicity. ERG b-wave amplitude was rhythmic in LD and persisted in DD with peak amplitude during mid- to late afternoon in LD and mid-subjective day in DD, indicating that the ERG rhythm is endogenously generated. No daily or circadian variation in a-wave amplitude was observed, and ERG component latency and durations were not rhythmic. Intramuscular injection of 10 μg/kg melatonin at ZT10 in LD significantly decreased b-wave amplitude but had no effect on a-wave. Intraocular injection of 600 pg melatonin, however, had no effect on any aspect of the ERG. These data indicate that a circadian clock regulates ocular sensitivity to light and that melatonin may mediate some or all of this effect. The level at which melatonin modulates retinal sensitivity is not known, but the present data suggest a central site rather than a direct effect of the hormone in the eye.
Suitability of ice for aircraft landings

The thickness of ice required for aircraft landings on skis can be calculated from the following formulas: S_r = (15/4) √W_t; S_l = (27/8) √W_t; S_s = (27/4) √W_t. S_r is the thickness in inches for river ice, S_l for lake ice, and S_s for old sea ice. W_t is the weight of the plane in tons. These formulas allow for the static weight of the plane and its dynamic impact at the time of landing. The thicknesses calculated are for ice formed at or below 16°F. For ice formed at higher temperatures the thicknesses must be increased by about 25 per cent. S_s is for old sea ice. Young sea ice is weaker and must be about three times as thick as river ice. Planes on wheels require about 20 per cent greater thickness than calculated from the above formulas. Ice is stronger at lower temperatures, and its strength increases about four times between 23°F and −76°F. Salt, air bubbles, included vegetation, cracks, and heavy snow cover all make ice weaker. Ice also experiences elastic fatigue under constant heavy use and must be rested frequently. Freeze‐up usually takes place many days or even several weeks after the mean air temperature falls below freezing. After the water temperature reaches freezing, the rate of formation and growth of ice may be predicted from a curve of degree days of frost or calculated by formula. Salinity retards freezing by lowering both the freezing point and the maximum‐density temperature. Currents, waves, and snow cover also retard the growth of ice, but under proper conditions wind can be an asset. Ice continues to increase in thickness well beyond the period of minimum air temperature. Thereafter, it maintains its maximum thickness for a short time before showing a rapid decrease just prior to breakup. Ice deteriorates considerably in spring, and its strength decreases more rapidly than its thickness. This is particularly true of lake ice which “candies,” Salty ice honeycombs extensively. The surface of most frozen fresh‐water bodies Is usually suitable for landings, but sea ice is often rough and broken. However, many successful landings and take‐offs have been made from the ice pack, and a suitable place can frequently be found. Firm, wind‐packed snow can have a bearing strength of 100 to 200 lb/in^2, but wind‐swept surfaces are often rough owing to drifts and sastrugi.
Sleeping with the enemy: the United Nations Development Programme and its position on the non-communicable disease epidemic.

The United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) position on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is undermined by a key issue at the global institutional level. Fundamentally, the nature of the relationship between international development agencies and the tobacco industry is at odds with the professed public health priorities of the former. At its core, the business model of the tobacco industry is premised on the sale of addictive and disease-causing substances that fuel NCDs in the first place. The role of the United Nations system and, in particular, UNDP is to ‘build nations that can withstand crisis’, not to collaborate with entities that profit from crises. This simple and wellestablished fact cannot be overlooked. We outline an array of conflict of interests. If the effects of NCDs are ever to be reversed, then international agencies such as the UNDP ought to adhere to ethical standards in choosing partners and avoid conflict of interests. In the absence of this, the UNDP may well compromise its own agenda and proliferate NCDs rather than containing them.
Species specific DNA sequences in the Triticeae

Species specific DNA sequences are desirable markers for studying relationships between species and for plant breeding. This paper describes two aspects of molecular cytogenetic analysis of essentially species specific DNA sequences in the tribe Triticeae: sequences that differ substantially in their abundance and homology between species or genomes. Firstly, total genomic DNA can be used as a probe which is made highly specific to species by blocking with DNA sequences common with other species. Examples are given from studies of intergeneric and interspecific hybrids: Hordeum chilense x Secale africanum and H. vulgare x H. bulbosum. Secondly, species specific probes can be obtained from isolated and cloned DNA sequences. Both in situ and Southern hybridization techniques have proven important; in situ hybridization is required for localization and finding the distribution of sequences in the genome while Southern hybridization gives information about the nature and structural variants of sequences. The understanding of sequence behaviour, evolutionary patterns and organization in the genome may lead to more effective and directed production of new recombinant lines, wide hybrids, or alien gene transfer.
Vetiver DNA-Fingerprinted Cultivars: Effects of Environment on Growth, Oil Yields and Composition

Abstract Twenty one accessions of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash, sterile, oil type) and Khus (V. zizanioides, fertile, non-oil type) were analyzed by the use of random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). Nineteen of the accessions clustered strongly around the cultigen, Sunshine. Three accessions, Khus, Northern India, Kassel, Germany, and Guang Dong, China clustered loosely and were not closely related to the sterile oil producing vetivers. Thirteen of the vetiver accessions were grown in test plots in Florida, USA, Nepal and Portugal. The largest growth was recorded in Nepal, followed closely by Florida and by the cooler, Mediterranean site in Portugal. No single genotype (DNA cultivar) grew best in every plot. Oil yields (% oil/dry wt.) were highest in Nepal and Portugal. Oil yields ranged from 0.29% to 9.61%. Essential oil production (g/plant) was highest in Nepal and Florida and ranged from 0.02 to 4.17 (g/plant). Analyses of variation among the major compounds is discussed.
Anomalous effect of mazindol on dopamine uptake as measured by in vivo voltammetry and microdialysis.

The effect of mazindol on the dopamine (DA) uptake system in the rat striatum was studied by in vivo voltammetry and microdialysis. An increase in the maximal uptake rate was observed by voltammetry 30 min after i.p. administration of 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg doses but not after a dose of 25 mg/kg, while stimulated release was enhanced at all doses. The increased maximal uptake is in contrast to increased levels of extracellular DA observed with microdialysis following mazindol administration. This divergence of action is anomalous in the context of current understanding of the DA uptake system.
p-Adic and p-cotorsion completions of nilpotent groups

Abstract The theory of cotorsion Abelian groups is extended to the category of nilpotent groups, and applications are given to the theory of p-adic completions and exactness properties of the p-adic completion functor. The p-cotorsion completion functor was first extended from Abelian to nilpotent groups by Bousfield and Kan, who defined and studied it using topological methods. We develop the theory group-theoretically, and additional results and applications.
Oxidation of immobilized iron(II)-1,10-phenanthroline complexes by cerium(IV): a probe into the site accessibility of metal complexes covalently attached to silica sol–gels

Abstract Mixed-ligand Fe(II)-1,10-phenanthroline complexes containing zero, one, two, or three ligands with triethoxysilyl termini were incorporated into Ce(IV)-containing silica sol–gels by doping the sols prior to gelation. The alkoxysilyl termini ensured that the complexes were covalently bound to the silica gels. Complexes attached to the gels were significantly more stable towards oxidation by Ce(IV) than complexes bearing no tethers. The mixed ligand complexes can be prepared only as a mixture of species due to the unusual trend for binding constants between phenanthroline and iron (H. Irving, D.H. Mellor, J. Chem. Soc. (1962) 5222). Statistical analysis of the data for the mixtures revealed a sigmoid dependence of the stabilization with respect to the number of tethers. Contributions from inner-sphere pathways are believed to account for this non-monotonic dependence.
Getting Dads Involved: Predictors of Father Involvement in Early Head Start and with their Children

Les caracterisques et le fonctionnement psychosocial du pere ont ete examines en tant qu'indicateurs d'engagement paternel avec un programme Early Head Start (le Early Head Start etant un programme de prevention et d'aide gouvernementale a la petite enfance defavorisee aux Etats-Unis d'Amerique) et avec leur enfant. Les variables examinees en tant qu'indicateurs potentiels ont ete selectionnees base sur l'accent que met le programme sur la construction des relations, ceci etant leur principale strategie d'intervention. Les 72 peres a revenus bas inclus dans cette etude etaient principalement blancs, et maries ou vivaient avec la mere de leur enfant. Les caracteristiques des peres ont predit leur engagement de maniere attendue. Les peres ont ete evalues comme etant plus engages, a la fois avec leur bebe et le programme EHS, lorsqu'ils etaient mieux eduques, moins deprimes, plus a meme d'utiliser un soutien social, surtout un soutien spirituel, et etaient plus actifs dans leur religion. Les peres qui avaient de meilleures relations avec les visiteurs a domicile etaient ceux qui avaient ces memes caracteristiques et qui etaient aussi moins anxieux a propos de relations intimes. De plus, les peres qui ont ete plus tard evalues comme etant moins engages avec leurs bebes ont fait etat de moins d'activites avec leur bebe a dix mois. Ces resultats suggerent que les peres qui ont le plus besoin de soutien pour s'engager dans la vie de leurs enfants sont tres probablement ceux qui sont les plus difficiles a faire participer au programme Early Head Start.
A nonlinear stability problem in the three dimensional restricted three body problem

The question of whether or not there is a transfer of energy between the in-plane motion and out-of-plane motion in the neighborhood ofL 4 in the restricted problem of three bodies is investigated in this paper. The in-plane motion is assumed to be finite and the out-of-plane motion to be infinitesimal. The equation governing the out-of-plane motion becomes one with time varying coefficients. The stability of this equation is then investigated using Lie Series.
Requirement of P56lck in T-Cell Receptor CD3-Mediated Apoptosis and Fas-Ligand Induction Jurkat Cells

Interactions of Fas (CD95) and its ligand (Fas-L) has been shown to play a pivotal role in T cells receptor (TCR)/CD3 activation-induced cell death via apoptosis. Although several lines of evidence suggest involvement of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity in this process, the role of src family PTK p561ck (lck) is not known. We report here that, contrary to wild type Jurkat, the lck-deficient mutant JCaM is resistant to anti-CD3-induced apoptosis and fails to express Fas-L mRNA upon anti-CD3 treatment. However, both Jurkat and JCaM were found to constitutively express Fas and were equally sensitive to anti-Fas-mediated apoptosis. If stimulated with PMA plus ionomycin, JCaM expressed Fas-L mRNA and underwent apoptosis. These findings indicate that p56lck is required for TCR/CD3-mediated Fas-L induction but not for the transduction of Fas receptor-mediated death signal.
WHY SOUTH AFRICA'S APARTHEID ECONOMY FAILED

South Africa's apartheid system was enormously costly and ultimately collapsed because the inefficiencies created by apartheid policies escalated as the economy's structure changed. Labor market regulation and industrial decentralization policy inhibited efficient resource utilization, especially as the manufacturing sector became dominant. Apartheid educational policies generated skill shortages. A mercantilistic development strategy distorted trade patterns, exacerbated dependence on foreign capital inflows, and created chronic balance of payments difficulties. The administrative and defense costs of implementing apartheid were onerous and rising. These internal weaknesses enhanced South Africa's vulnerability to capital flight, changes in world prices and business cycle conditions, and political changes abroad. Ultimately, apartheid was abandoned because its costs came to exceed its benefits to white South Africans. The internal dynamics of the system dictated the retrenchment of apartheid, which in all probability would have occurred even without foreign sanctions
Diverging Rh(I)-Catalyzed Carbocylization Strategy to Prepare a Library of Unique Cyclic Ethers

A library of 90 carboxamide-containing oxepines and pyrans was synthesized. A dual-branching strategy was used where a common intermediate, an allenyl-hydroxy ester, was either allylated or propargylated then subjected to rhodium(I)-catalyzed carbocyclization reaction conditions to afford an oxepine- or triene-containing pyran, respectively. The oxepines were selectively reduced to afford two functionally unique scaffolds using complementary hydrogenation conditions. Diversification of the oxepines and pyrans involved conversion of the methyl carboxylate group to a carboxamide via either a microwave-assisted amidation using polymer-bound carbodiimide (DCC) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) or a NaCN-catalyzed aminolysis. The scope of a rarely used carbonyl-yne reaction was expanded to the preparation of 10 new allenyl-hydroxy esters using microwave irradiation. Finally, a cell-based diversity analysis using BCUT (Burden (B) CAS (C) Pearlman at the University of Texas (UT)) metrics calculations and two-dim...
Micromechanical modeling of tuffaceous rock for application in nuclear waste storage

Abstract This paper describes the development of micromechanical models for tuffaceous rock. In particular, laboratory tests have been conducted on Topopah Spring tuff from Yucca Mountain, Nevada and Apache Leap tuff from Superior, Arizona. Topopah Spring tuff is the host rock for the proposed underground nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, and Apache Leap tuff is an analog for the host rock. Based on SEM microscopy of the damaged rock specimens, the specific micro-mechanismsfor deformation in tuffs have been determined. Micromechanical models based on fracture mechanics theory are then developed for these specific mechanisms. The micromechanical models are able to predict the nonlinear stress-strain behavior of tuff, including strain-hardening, strain-softening, triaxial strength, and dilatation.
Partitioning of PCBs in the muscle and reproductive tissues of paddlefish, Polyodon spathula, at the Falls of the Ohio River.

The paddlefish, Polyodon spathula, is a primitive fish characterized by a predominantly cartilaginous skeleton, a virtually scaleless body, and a rostrum or paddle nearly one-third of the body length. At the Falls of the Ohio River near Louisville, KY, paddlefish are harvested for their roe used to produce domestic caviar. The persistence of this small but intensive fishery for the roe of female paddlefish may be slowing or even reversing the recovery of populations in the Falls area of the Ohio River. Residues of toxic substances harmful to humans are being detected in many fishes in the Ohio River. Organochlorine pollutants such as chlordane and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are being detected at levels as high as those of 10 yr ago. Recent data from studies conducted in the Missouri River on PCB levels in the tissues of the shovelnose sturgeon, a species closely related to the paddlefish, indicate that the concentration of PCBs in sturgeon roe is several times that of concentrations in flesh. This study examines the PCB content of the roe of paddlefish at the location of a commercial fishery. The study investigated the partitioning of PCBs into the muscle and reproductive tissues of paddlefish, considered possible correlationsmore » between PCB concentration and age and percent lipid, and looked at the existence of any differences in mean PCB concentrations between male and female paddlefish. 17 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.« less
Hourly variation of airborne ragweed pollen in Kansas City

Introduction Ragweed pollen is one of the major causes of allergic rhinitis in the midwest United States. Previous studies have demonstrated that ragweed pollen production begins after sunrise and airborne pollen levels peak several hours later. Variations in this pattern that may be of clinical importance within a small region and the effect of weather on these variations have not been investigated. Methods Volumetric pollen collectors were stationed at four sites around the metropolitan area. Ten-minute grab samples were taken at each location every 2 hours for continuous 24-hour periods during the 1997 ragweed season. The downtown location had a weather station that logged meteorological conditions at hourly intervals during this time. Ragweed pollen grains were counted microscopically at 400 ×. Uninterrupted data covering at least 20 days during the season were evaluated for each collection site. Results The lowest ragweed pollen counts occur at 6:00 am and the highest occur at noon for both suburban and urban sites. Rainfall was seen to be the most influential weather-related factor. Significant rainfall events effectively removed pollen grains from the air. Conclusions Though ragweed pollen emission begins at 6:00 am , peak pollen exposure occurs at midday. This observation is in agreement with many other studies. The myth that highest ragweed exposure occurs in the early morning hours is not supported by this or previous studies.
“Yes, We Have an Anti-bullying Policy, But … :” HR Professionals' Understandings and Experiences with Workplace Bullying Policy

Although human resource (HR) professionals have extensive involvement in workplace bullying situations, research is not reflective of their perspective. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the use of anti-bullying policy in organizations. Interviews with 36 HR professionals and analysis of 18 organizational policies revealed many HR professionals believed their organizations had policies that addressed bullying, but the policies did not use the term “bullying.” Others did not believe their organizations had policies that could address bullying or did not know if their organization had a policy. What the HR professionals felt the policies communicated and what the policies actually detailed proved to be divergent. Implications of these findings, limitations, and future research are discussed.
Neutral upper atmospheres of Venus and Mars

Results obtained over the last 21 years from satellite measurements of the neutral upper atmospheres of Venus and Mars are discussed. Particular attention is given to the chemistry of the neutral upper atmospheres of the two planets, the exospheric temperatures, and the sensitivity of their atmospheric temperatures to solar activity. Various theoretical models used to interpret the planetary atmospheric data are discussed.
In reply to: Association between utility and treatment among patients with prostate cancer.

This is a brief commentary in response to article—Jayadevappa et al. (Qual Life Res 19:711–729, 2010). The commentary draws attention to issues that complicate QoL assessments in generic and disease-specific measures and its association to the treatment.
Effect of Sr additions on the microstructure and strength of a Mg-Al-Ca ternary alloy

The effect of Sr additions on the microstructure and strength of a Mg-5Al-3Ca alloy was investigated by replacing Ca with Sr. In the as-cast alloys, the major intermetallic compound observed at the α-Mg dendrite cell boundary region changes from the Al-rich (Mg, Al)2Ca phase to the Mg-rich Mg17Sr2 phase with increasing Sr content. This results in an increased Al solute content in the α-Mg phase in the high-Sr containing alloys. More than 1 wt pct of Sr enhances the solid-solution strength of the α-Mg phase, resulting in the increased compression strength of the alloys.
A structure zone diagram including plasma-based deposition and ion etching

An extended structure zone diagram is proposed that includes energetic deposition, characterized by a large flux of ions typical for deposition by filtered cathodic arcs and high power impulse magnetron sputtering. The axes are comprised of a generalized homologous temperature, the normalized kinetic energy flux, and the net film thickness, which can be negative due to ion etching. It is stressed that the number of primary physical parameters affecting growth by far exceeds the number of available axes in such a diagram and therefore it can only provide an approximate and simplified illustration of the growth condition?structure relationships.
Association of Lubricant Use with Women's Sexual Pleasure, Sexual Satisfaction, and Genital Symptoms: A Prospective Daily Diary Study

ABSTRACT Introduction Although lubricant use is commonly recommended to women for solo and partnered sexual activities, little is known about women's use of lubricant or their relationship to sexual pleasure and satisfaction. Aim The aim of this study was to assess: (i) how adult women used lubricant during partnered and solo sexual activities; (ii) relations between women's reports of sexual pleasure and satisfaction and their use of a lubricant during a particular sexual event; and (iii) to what extent lubricant use was associated with subsequent genital symptoms. Methods A total of 2,453 women completed a 5‐week internet‐based, double‐blind prospective daily diary study in which they were assigned to use one of six water‐ or silicone‐based lubricants. Main Outcome Measures Baseline data included demographics, contraceptive use, and sexual behavior during the 4 weeks prior to study enrollment. Daily diary data included reports of penile–vaginal sex, penile–anal sex, solo sex, lubricant use, lubricant application, ratings of sexual pleasure and satisfaction, and genital symptoms. Results Water‐based lubricants were associated with fewer genital symptoms compared with silicone‐based lubricants. In addition, the use of a water‐based or silicone‐based lubricant was associated with higher ratings of sexual pleasure and satisfaction for solo sex and penile–vaginal sex. Water‐based lubricant use was associated with higher ratings of sexual pleasure and satisfaction for penile–anal sex as compared with no lubricant use. Conclusion The water‐ and silicone‐based lubricants used in this study were associated with significantly higher reports of sexual pleasure and satisfaction and rarely associated with genital symptoms. Herbenick D, Reece M, Hensel D, Sanders S, Jozkowski K, and Fortenberry JD. Association of lubricant use with women's sexual pleasure, sexual satisfaction, and genital symptoms: A prospective daily diary study. J Sex Med 2011;8:202–212.
Norms for employed daughters' and sons' behavior toward frail older parents

This study examined whether norms that concerning assisting frail older parents were different for daughters than for sons when the adult children are members of dual-earner couples. Data were gathered by telephone interviews from a probability sample of 315 adults residing in western Alabama. Of the 18 statements presented, statistically significant differences between the expectations for daughters and sons occurred in only three cases (help with housework, meal preparation, and yard work), suggesting substantial support for norms of equalitarianism. Further, there were few differences between the expectations held by females and by males for daughters and sons. Generally, the results suggested strong support for behaviors that facilitate the independent living of both adult children and their frail older parents.
Reproductive variation and the egg size-clutch size trade-off within and among populations of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii)

Interpopulation variation in egg size, clutch size and clutch mass was studied 3 years in four populations of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii) from western Nebraska. Body size varied among all populations and was larger in two large (56–110 ha), sandhills lake populations than in two populations in smaller habitats (1.5–3.6 ha) of the Platte River floodplain. Reproductive parameters (egg mass, clutch mass, and clutch size) generally increased with maternal body size within populations. Clutch wet and dry mass varied among populations but largely as a function of maternal body size. Clutch size was largest in the sandhills lake populations, both absolutely and relative to maternal body size. Egg mass was smallest in the sandhills lakes and varied annually in one population. Over all populations, an egg sizeclutch size trade-off was detected (a negative correlation between egg mass and clutch size) after statistically removing maternal body size effects. Egg wet mass and clutch size were negatively correlated over all years within the sandhills populations and in some years in three populations. Although egg size varied within populations, egg size and clutch size covaried as expected by optimal offspring size models. Thus, patterns of egg size variation should be interpreted in the context of proximate or adaptive maternal body size and temporal effects. Comparisons among populations suggest that large egg size relative to maternal body size may occur when juvenile growth potential is poor and mean maternal body size is small.
A GKO Construction Based on a Path Integral Formulation of Gauged Wess-Zumino-Witten Actions

Abstract A path integral formulation of G/H conformal theories is presented, based on gauged Wess-Zumino-Witten actions. The conformal charge of the model is c=cG−cH, exactly as in the GKO construction. Ghost modes appear in the formalism as a result of gauge fixing. As a consequence, the holomorphic stress-tensor T(z) obtained in our construction has ghost contributions. We find T(z)=TG−TH only for matrix elements of physical states which are also ghost free.
An early manuscript in the history of American comparative psychology: Lewis Henry Morgan's "Animal Psychology" (1857).

Abstract: Lewis Henry Morgan (1818-1881) is best known as the 1st ethnographer of Native American culture, but he also wrote on animal psychology, beginning in 1843, some 50 years before the founding of comparative psychology as a scientific discipline. Although not an evolutionist, Morgan argued that animals possess many human mental abilities, such as reason and moral judgment, and he rejected the scientific utility of the concept of instinct, a view that did not gain much currency in psychology until the rise of behaviorism in the 1920s. This 1857 manuscript, which is in the Lewis Henry Morgan Papers at the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York, formed the basis for the last chapter of his 1868 monograph on the American beaver but gives additional information on his sources and an expanded criticism of the concept of instinct.
Anodic oxidation of ethylene on gold electrodes

The anodic oxidation of ethylene on smooth Au electrodes was studied in aqueous solutions at 80°C. Effects of potential, ethylene partial pressure, pH, and temperature on the current were measured. The reaction product in acidic solutions (pH < 1.4) was acetaldehyde and the kinetic parameters were consistent with the mechanism involving carbonium-ion formation as proposed by Dahms and Bockris. Limiting cds approximately two orders of magnitude less than those in acid media were obtained in alkaline solutions. An electro-oxidation involving water and/or OH− is proposed for these latter solutions.
Identification of a human 5-HT6 receptor variant produced by alternative splicing

The complexity of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (serotonin) receptor family has been increased by the findings that isoforms or splice variants exist for subtypes such as the 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT4 and 5-HT7 subtypes. Further molecular biological studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that a splice variant of the 5-HT6 receptor exists in the human brain. Experiments performed using a degenerate PCR approach from human caudate cDNA revealed a 5-HT6 receptor clone with a 289 bp deletion of the region coding for transmembrane IV through the third intracellular loop. This deletion produces a frameshift creating a downstream stop codon which results in a truncated protein containing 10 unique amino acids at its carboxyl end. The variant transcript occurs as a result of alternative splicing using an upstream donor site and the acceptor site from the first intron in the 5-HT6 receptor gene. The splicing pattern seen for this transcript was not detected in rat or mouse whole brain cDNA by PCR due to the lack of a consensus 5′ donor site. Coexpression of the variant 5-HT6 transcript and the full length 5-HT6 transcript was observed in caudate and substantia nigra but not in hippocampus, cortex, cerebellum and thalamus. Transient transfection of a 5-HT6 variant construct into Cos-7 cells demonstrated that a truncated receptor was translocated to the membrane but appeared nonfunctional.
Hydraulic radius and transport in reconstructed model three-dimensional porous media

Methods for reconstructing three-dimensional porous media from two-dimensional cross sections are evaluated in terms of the transport properties of the reconstructed systems. Two-dimensional slices are selected at random from model three-dimensional microstructures, based on penetrable spheres, and processed to create a reconstructed representation of the original system. Permeability, conductivity, and a critial pore diameter are computed for the original and reconstructed microstructures to assess the validity of the reconstruction technique. A surface curvature algorithm is utilized to further modify the reconstructed systems by matching the hydraulic radius of the reconstructed three-dimensional system to that of the two-dimensional slice. While having only minor effects on conductivity, this modification significantly improves the agreement between permeabilities and critical diameters of the original and reconstructed systems for porosities in the range of 25–40%. For lower porosities, critical pore diameter is unaffected by the curvature modification so that little improvement between original and reconstructed permeabilities is obtained by matching hydraulic radii.
Micropreneurs: The Rise of the MicroISV

Micro Independent Software Vendors (microISVs) are small software businesses operated by entrepreneurs who build and sell shrink-wrapped, noncustom software. The microISV Research Alliance at Auburn University conducted a survey, identifying challenges associated with building and operating such businesses.
Matrix-fracture transfer through countercurrent imbibition in presence of fracture fluid flow

Although a lot of research has been done in modeling the oil recovery from fractured reservoirs by countercurrent imbibition, less attention has been paid to the effect of the fracture fluid velocity upon the rate of oil recovery. Experiments are conducted to determine the effect of fracture flow rate upon countercurrent imbibition. A droplet detachment model is proposed to derive the effective water saturation in a thin boundary layer at the matrix–fracture interface. This effective boundary water saturation is a function of fluid properties, fluid velocity in the fracture and fracture width. For a highly water–wet porous medium, this model predicts an increase in the boundary water saturation with increase in fracture fluid velocity. The increase in boundary water saturation, in turn, increases the oil recovery rate from the matrix, which is consistent with the experimental results. The model also predicts that the oil recovery rate does not vary linearly with the boundary water saturation.
Strategic Control of Transverse Jet Shear Layer Instabilities

This experimental study explores active control of the single gaseous jet in crossflow or transverse jet. Jet nozzles that are flush as well as elevated with respect to the injection wall are considered. These studies develop a strategy for control based on separate experimental findings [Megerian, S., Davitian, J., Alves, L. S. de B., and Karagozian, A. R., "Transverse-Jet Shear-Layer Instabilities. Part 1. Experimental Studies," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 593, 2007, pp. 93―129], which indicate that the jet's shear layer transitions to global instability when the jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio R lies below a critical range. The R-dependent differences in the stability characteristics suggest the necessity of a two-pronged approach to the controlled excitation of transverse jet penetration and spread, which is explored in this paper. For the transverse jets with relatively large R values, the jet shear layer exhibits convective instability, hence even low-to-moderate-level sinusoidal forcing of the jet can control penetration and spread. For the case where R is relatively low and the shear layer is globally unstable, the self-excited flow can be affected by strong sinusoidal forcing at a frequency different from the dominant mode, but the effect on the jet's actual penetration and spread is not significant. For this regime, strong periodic jet forcing with a prescribed time scale that is related to optimal vortex ring generation is required to impact visible jet penetration and spread.
An investigation of experienced secondary science teachers' beliefs about inquiry: An examination of competing belief sets

The purpose of this study was to investigate the beliefs of six experienced high school science teachers about (1) what is successful science learning; (2) what are the purposes of laboratory in science teaching; and (3) how inquiry is implemented in the classroom. An interpretive multiple case study with an ethnographic orientation was used. The teachers' beliefs about successful science learning were substantively linked to their beliefs about laboratory and inquiry implementation. For example, two teachers who believed that successful science learning was deep conceptual understanding, used verification labs primarily to illustrate these concepts and used inquiry as a type of isolated problem-solving experience. Another teacher who believed that successful science learning was enculturation into scientific practices used inquiry-based labs extensively to teach the practices of science. Tension in competing beliefs sets and implications for reform are discussed. ? 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 936-960, 2004.
Safety of symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with aortic stenosis.

Abstract Background There are no published data on the safety of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with aortic stenosis. Methods In this retrospective descriptive study, we examined 347 consecutive patients with aortic stenosis who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing at a tertiary referral center. We recorded major events including death, nonfatal major events (cardiac arrest, symptomatic or sustained ventricular or supraventricular tachycardia, myocardial infarction, and syncope), and minor events such as hypotension, nonsustained supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, positive electrocardiographic changes, and angina. Results Of 347 patients, 65 (19%) had mild, 145 (42%) had moderate, and 137 (40%) had severe aortic stenosis by echocardiographic criteria. No major events occurred during the tests. Minor events occurred in a total of 97 patients (28%), including 10 patients who developed supraventricular arrhythmias without hypotension; and one who had asymptomatic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Conclusion Symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing in cardiology-referred patients with aortic stenosis with preserved systolic function appears to be associated with very low risk of major adverse cardiovascular events during testing.
Integrating Science Gateways with XSEDE Security: A Survey of Credential Management Approaches

We present a survey of credential management approaches for science gateways to integrate with the X.509 security infrastructure used by XSEDE.
Influence of the priming technique on pharmacodynamics and intubating conditions of cisatracurium.

Abstract Study Objectives: To determine the effects of the priming technique on the intubating conditions and pharmacodynamics of different doses of cisatracurium. Design: Open-label, randomized study. Setting: Operating room of a university-affiliated hospital. Patients: 60 ASA physical status I, II, and III female patients. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Patients from Groups 1, 2, and 3 received 0.01 mg/kg cisatracurium as a priming dose, and patients from Group 4 received placebo. Four minutes later, patients from Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 received the following intubating doses of cisatracurium: 0.09 mg/kg, 0.14 mg/kg, 0.19 mg/kg, and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium, sufentanil, droperidol, and nitrous oxide (N 2 O; 6 L/min) in oxygen (O 2 ; 4 L/min) and maintained with isoflurane up to 0.7%, N 2 O in O 2 , and sufentanil. Mechanomyography assessed the neuromuscular function of the adductor pollicis with train-of-four supramaximal impulses. The trachea was intubated when the amplitude of the first twitch decreased to 10% to 15% of control. Measurements and Main Results: There were no significant differences among the groups regarding the demographic data, the value of the first twitch at 60 seconds, the time to 90% block, and the onset time. Clinical duration of cisatracurium was significantly different between Group 3 and Groups 1 and 2, whereas Group 4 differed significantly from Group 1. Intubating conditions did not differ significantly among the groups. Conclusion: When primed, cisatracurium 0.09 mg/kg and 0.14 mg/kg produced an onset time comparable with that of 0.2 mg/kg and allowed an earlier spontaneous recovery ( p
Testing a simple stochastic model for the dynamics of waterfowl aggregations

We consider a simple stochastic model for the dynamics of mixed-species waterfowl aggregations and describe two methods for assessing the fit of this model to field data. The model does not incorporate species-specific behavior. It assumes that all birds act independently and incorrectly predicts an exponential distribution for inter-event times. We reject this model, show that 29% of the birds move in groups of two or more birds, and demonstrate that the distribution of inter-event times between the movements of groups of birds is exponential. We find no difference in movement rates or group sizes between seasons, and no difference between groups arriving into or departing from the observed aggregations. An analysis of group composition suggests that species at low abundance behave differently than species at high abundance: birds with few conspecifics are more likely to move in mixed-species groups than birds with many conspecifics. We suggest that simple stochastic models provide a useful way to explore the dynamics of animal behavior.
The co-occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury and attempted suicide among adolescents: distinguishing risk factors and psychosocial correlates

Although attempted suicide and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are distinct behaviors differing in intent, form, and function, the behaviors co-occur at a high rate in both adults and adolescents. Researchers have begun to investigate the association between attempted suicide and NSSI among adolescents. The purpose of this paper is to present current research on this association. First, we discuss definitional issues associated with self-injurious behaviors. Next, we present research on the co-occurrence of attempted suicide and NSSI, including prevalence and associations with self-injury characteristics. We then discuss psychosocial variables associated with engaging in both NSSI and attempted suicide or one type of self-injury alone. Finally, we present the research to date on risk factors uniquely associated with either attempted suicide or NSSI. Implications for mental health professionals and future avenues of research are discussed.