cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Burdensharing Debate in its Historical Context: Setting the Tone

Europe’s post-war history has witnessed massive changes, due in part to US Marshall Aid and encouragement, which have led to increasing prosperity and self-confidence amongst the major European actors; these changes have also reshaped the context of relations between the US and its allies. America’s allies are no longer weakened war-torn powers glad of aid on virtually any condition. Instead we find a new assertiveness and willingness to challenge US leadership on key policy issues, as well as the beginnings of some fundamental changes in traditional threat perceptions, even though the effects of the reforms in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union are ambiguous, at least in security terms. At one extreme they could signify that US forces are becoming superfluous to the security of that continent and maybe to the US’s own forward defence as well.
Peanut Breeding and Genetics

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the accomplishments in peanut breeding and genetics. The chapter discusses the diversity of peanut. Successful cultivar development requires genetic variability for exploitation. Systematic germ plasm collections, particularly of A. hypogaea, have been made by several national organizations and by the International Center for Research in the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) in Hyderabad, India. One system of DNA delivery for peanut genetic transformation includes infection by wild-type strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Genetic studies have been conducted to determine the inheritance of many traits in the peanut, particularly those with economic value. Many economically important traits in peanut are quantitatively inherited. Many techniques have been used to improve the efficiency of peanut breeding. The chapter presents various breeding programs—namely, mass selection, pedigree method, back-cross method, single seed descent method, recurrent selection, and complex crosses. A second component focuses on the need for farming practices to sustain environmental quality, so that productive farming will continue and the quality of the environment for nonagricultural purposes will not be degraded.
Decoupled αβ model of modular multilevel converter (MMC)

The modular multilevel converter (MMC), is widely adopted in high voltage applications because of its simplicity and modularity. However, the current and power flow is very complicated. As a result, methods proposed for capacitor reduction, which is required to stored line frequency related circulating energy, all went through complicated mathematical derivation. C. Li proposed a state plane analysis to visually illustrate the convoluted current and power flow. The circulating energy related to source and load as well as the circulating energy swapping between capacitors was explained for the first time. Based on the state plane analysis, this paper proposed a decoupled αβ model of MMC, which clearly identifies input and output relationship. In addition, the power flow and the causes for each component of circulating energy are well explained with the proposed model. Therefore, the proposed model paves a good way for an advanced control and a systematically understanding of MMC.
Reactions of Laser-Ablated Chromium Atoms with Nitric Oxide: Infrared Spectra of NCrO, Cr-(η1-NO)X(x= 1, 2, 3, 4), and Cr-η2-NO in Solid Argon

Laser-ablated chromium atoms have been reacted with NO molecules during condensation in excess argon. Absorptions due to NCrO (976.1, 866.2 cm-1), Cr−η1-NO (1614.3, 541.1 cm-1), and Cr−η2-NO (1108.8, 528.2,478.0 cm-1) are observed and identified via isotopic substitution and DFT frequency calculations. The insertion reaction to give the more stable NCrO product requires activation energy, while the addition products Cr−η1-NO and Cr−η2-NO can be formed on diffusion of cold reagents in solid argon. Higher nitrosyls are also formed on annealing. On the basis of isotopic multiplets, a 1623.3 cm-1 absorption is assigned to Cr−(η1-NO)2, a 1663.5 cm-1 absorption to Cr−(η1-NO)3, and absorptions at 1726.0, 663.0, and 506.1 cm-1 are assigned to Cr−(η1-NO)4. Evidence is also presented for the Cr−(η1-NO)x- anions (x = 1, 2, 3) absorbing 100−160 cm-1 lower than the neutral nitrosyl counterparts. In addition, NO complexes with CrO and CrO2 are also observed.
Conclusions — The Future

Europe has come such a very long way since the end of the Second World War. Consequently, in the light (certainly in a historical context) of such progress and so many achievements, some citizens and some countries are impatient to make a big leap into the future. In contrast, others prefer to consolidate our existing acquis or achievements. This is, to the author, the fundamental choice which will face the Member States of the European Union when they participate in next year’s Intergovernmental Conference. The delegates will therefore be facing three basic scenarios when they meet. First, they will certainly have to find fairly urgent solutions to the basically necessary changes in the Community’s policies. Second, they will, in the somewhat longer term, be examining possible options for the future whilst making policy changes which could, to a greater degree, affect the sovereignty of Member States. Third, they will examine a much longer term scenario of desirable changes which will be more difficult to implement and would involve a greater loss of national sovereignty.
Mechanism of Charge Separation in Purple Bacterial Reaction Centers

This chapter discusses the pathway, kinetics and energetics of the initial electron-transfer steps in reaction centers (RCs) from purple photosynthetic bacteria. We consider the unusual dependence of the kinetics on temperature, the strong specificity of the reactions for electron acceptors on the ‘A’ side of the RC, effects of vibrational wavepackets, the multiphasic nature of the kinetics, effects of mutations and pigment substitutions, and links between the kinetics of electron transfer and vibrational equilibration. We then discuss some of the theories that have been used to rationalize the dynamics and temperature dependence of the electron-transfer reactions, including Marcus theory, coupling to quantized vibrational modes and density-matrix treatments. Our discussion illustrates the power of microscopic simulations for connecting structural information with mechanistic interpretations.
Connecting the nutrient composition of seasonal pollens with changing nutritional needs of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies

Abstract Free-ranging herbivores have yearly life cycles that generate dynamic resource needs. Honey bee colonies also have a yearly life cycle that might generate nutritional requirements that differ between times of brood rearing and colony expansion in the spring and population contraction and preparation for overwintering in the fall. To test this, we analyzed polyfloral mixes of spring and fall pollens to determine if the nutrient composition differed with season. Next, we fed both types of seasonal pollens to bees reared in spring and fall. We compared the development of brood food glands (i.e., hypopharyngeal glands – HPG), and the expression of genes in the fat body between bees fed pollen from the same (in-season) or different season (out-of-season) when they were reared. Because pathogen challenges often heighten the effects of nutritional stress, we infected a subset of bees with Nosema to determine if bees responded differently to the infection depending on the seasonal pollen they consumed. We found that spring and fall pollens were similar in total protein and lipid concentrations, but spring pollens had higher concentrations of amino and fatty acids that support HPG growth and brood production. Bees responded differently when fed in vs. out of season pollen. The HPG of both uninfected and Nosema-infected spring bees were larger when they were fed spring (in-season) compared to fall pollen. Spring bees differentially regulated more than 200 genes when fed in- vs. out-of-season pollen. When infected with Nosema, approximately 400 genes showed different infection-induced expression patterns in spring bees depending on pollen type. In contrast, HPG size in fall bees was not affected by pollen type, though HPG were smaller in those infected with Nosema. Very few genes were differentially expressed with pollen type in uninfected (4 genes) and infected fall bees (5 genes). Pollen type did not affect patterns of infection-induced expression in fall bees. Our data suggest that physiological responses to seasonal pollens differ between bees reared in the spring and fall with spring bees being significantly more sensitive to pollen type especially when infected with Nosema. This study provides evidence that seasonal pollens may provide levels of nutrients that align with the activities of honey bees during their yearly colony cycle. The findings are important for the planning and establishment of forage plantings to sustain honey bees, and in the development of seasonal nutritional supplements fed to colonies when pollen is unavailable.
Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in the Oxidation of Guanosine Monophosphate by Ru(bpy)33+

Oxidation of guanine by the outer-sphere metal complex oxidant Ru(bpy)33+ (bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine) has been explored in deoxyguanosine-5′-monophosphate with the added buffers succinic acid/succinat...
Behavioral Activation Approach to Parent Training: Feasibility of Promoting Routines of Exploration and Play During Mealtime (Mealtime PREP).

Objective Systematic approaches are needed to help parents with young children adopt healthy routines. This study examined the feasibility (home data collection, protocol adherence, intervention acceptance) of using a behavioral activation (BA) approach to train parents of children with sensory food aversions. Method Parents of young children (18-36 mo) were trained using the novel Promoting Routines of Exploration and Play During Mealtime intervention. Measures included video-recorded meals, Fidelity Checklist, Treatment Acceptability Questionnaire, and Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale. Descriptive statistics were used. Results Eleven children and their parents completed the study. Two of three feasibility benchmarks were met. Intervention acceptance was high (mean score = 43/48). On average, parents used three more intervention strategies after training than at baseline. Conclusion Using a BA approach to parent training shows promise for altering daily mealtime routines. Delivering this intervention in the home is feasible and received acceptable ratings among this sample.
The Routledge Sourcebook of Religion and the American Civil War : A History in Documents

In recent years, the intersection of religion and the American Civil War has been the focus of a growing area of scholarship. However, primary sources on this subject are housed in many different archives and libraries scattered across the U.S., and are often difficult to find. The Routledge Sourcebook of Religion and the American Civil War collects these sources into a single convenient volume, the most comprehensive collection of primary source material on religion and the Civil War ever brought together. With chapters organized both chronologically and thematically, and highlighting the experiences of soldiers, women, African Americans, chaplains, clergy, and civilians, this sourcebook provides a rich array of resources for scholars and students that highlights how religion was woven throughout the events of the war. Sources collected here include: • Sermons• Song lyrics• Newspaper articles• Letters• Diary entries• Poetry• Excerpts from books and memoirs• Artwork and photographs Introductions by the editor accompany each chapter and individual document, contextualizing the sources and showing how they relate to the overall picture of religion and the war. Beginning students of American history and seasoned scholars of the Civil War alike will greatly benefit from having easy access to the full texts of original documents that illustrate the vital role of religion in the country’s most critical conflict.
Differential alterations of dopamine transporter (DAT) in the striatum and midbrain in parkinsonian patients

1773 Objectives Differential vulnerabilities of subregional dopamine neurons have been suggested in movement disorders such as idiopathic Parkinson9s disease. In this study, we examined dopamine transporter (DAT) density in the striatum versus midbrain in patients with nigrostriatal denervation. Methods Brain SPECT was performed in 39 Parkinsonian patients (age 61 +/- 15 yrs, 18 male) 4 hours after iv injection of 3-5 mCi [I-123]ioflupane using SPECT-CT. Images were reconstructed using OSEM with resolution recovery and correction for scatter and attenuation (ASTONISH, Philips Healthcare) based on a low-dose CT. Peak pixel counts within the caudate head (CA), mid putamen (PT), midbrain (MB) localized by sagittal CT, as well as averaged counts around the calcarine fissure as reference were determined by region of interest analysis. Semi-quantitative DAT values was expressed as CA, PT, or MB uptake relative to the reference. Results Averaged striatal DAT values for both hemispheres ranged from 1.67-6.59 for CA; 1.50-5.33 for PT; and 1.08-2.24 for MB. Within the high striatal DAT group (mean 4.76+/-0.55) and low DAT group (mean 2.71+/-0.58, defined as a threshold of 4), mean DAT values in MB was 1.68+/-0.32 and 1.53+/-0.29, respectively, indicating non-significant 9% decrease (p>0.15) in comparison to 43% decrease in the averaged striatal uptake. Within the high striatal DAT group, Pearson9s correlations between DAT values of CA and PT versus MB were highly significant at 0.81 and 0.82 (p≤0.001), respectively, but those correlations were not significant 0.35 (p>0.05) and 0.06 (p>0.75) in the low striatal DAT group. Conclusions These findings indicate that reductions in DAT values in the striatum and midbrain are not necessarily simultaneous in the process of nigrostriatal denervation, and correlation of DAT values among CA/PT and MB becomes weaker when the denervation becomes more severe. Differential regional DAT loss may indicate differential vulnerability of DAT-containing neurons in these structures or could be in part related to tracer binding to non-DAT targets.
Architectural design and promises of carbon materials for energy conversion and storage: in laboratory and industry

Abstract In the laboratory, carbon-based nanomaterials have been shown to hold significant promise in improving the performance and reliability of energy storage and conversion devices. Improved mechanical, chemical, thermal, electrochemical, and optoelectronic have been reported for carbon-based materials for batteries, fuel cells, solar cells; thermoelectric and piezoelectric transducers have already been demonstrated. In this chapter, the key design considerations for carbon microstructures, their prospects, and challenges in industrial scale processability are discussed with respect to each individual application.
The cultivation of joy: practices from the Buddhist tradition, positive psychology, and yogic philosophy

ABSTRACTThe emotion of joy is often thought of as the result of an external stimulus. Few traditions explicitly instruct on how to cultivate joy from within. There are a few exceptions to this. Fir...
Wing Integrated Solar Array Performance Study Using Photoluminescence

Flight endurance and power are limiting factors affecting UAV applications today due to battery weight and capacity. Solar arrays integrated into the wing surface can provide additional power dependent on the sun, weight, wing area, and efficiency, and have demonstrated more than doubled flight times. With most wing surfaces having some degree of curvature and flexure during flight, stresses can be induced on the solar arrays. Photoluminescence is used to assess wing stresses by optically identifying crack propagation in the cells. NRL has built a variety of wings for UAVs from solar cell technologies. This paper intends to provide a demonstration of using this technique to study solar cell cracking through the array assembly process from wing integration to flight.
Differential impacts of the Incredible Years-Teacher Classroom Management program based on young children’s risk profiles

Abstract The present study explored whether there were systematic differences in patterns of risk and protective factors among children attending Head Start. As well as whether children characterized by these patterns of risk and protective factors respond differently to the Incredible Years-Teacher Classroom Management (IY-TCM) program. Participants, drawn from the national Head Start CARES study, included 1037 4-year-old children. Groups of Head Start centers were randomly assigned to receive IY-TCM or continue with Head Start as usual. Children were assessed in the fall and the spring of the same academic year through parent report, teacher report, and direct child assessments. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) revealed five latent classes based on child, parent, and home risk factors. Within two of the latent classes, children in IY-TCM classrooms demonstrated positive responses to IY-TCM compared to those in the Head Start as usual classrooms. The results of this study expand on existing evidence of which children IY-TCM is most effective for.
"Follow the Flag": A History of the Wabash Railroad Company and The Hook and Eye: A History of the Iowa Central Railway

Review of: ""Follow the Flag": A History of the Wabash Railroad Company," by H. Roger Grant, and "The Hook & Eye: A History of the Iowa Central Railway," by Don L. Hofsommer.
Acute effects of electronic cigarettes on arterial pressure and peripheral sympathetic activity in young nonsmokers.

The JUUL e-cigarette is the most popular e-cigarette in the market. In the present study, inhaling on a JUUL e-cigarette increased mean arterial pressure and heart rate, and decreased muscle sympat...
Current Methods of Power Conversion Efficiency Optimization for Perovskite Solar Cells

Third generation perovskite solar panel technology is one of the most popular areas of research in photovoltaics because of their exceptional qualities such as high optical absorption coefficients, high charge mobility, broad spectrum absorption, and high charge carrier density. Optimizing power conversion efficiency of perovskites is critical for commercial use of perovskite solar panel technology. Various electrochemical and fabrication strategies are currently being researched in order to optimize power conversion efficiency and minimize energy loss. There are current results which suggest the addition of particular ions in the perovskite crystal have a positive impact on the power conversion efficiency. The qualities of the cell such as crystallinity, defects, and grain size play important roles in the electrical properties of the cell. Along with the quality of the perovskite crystal, its interfacing with the transport layers plays a critical role in the operation of the device. This paper investigates the current methods in power conversion efficiency optimization. We also examine the sources of energy loss in the perovskite and passivation methods. By continuing the upward trend in enhanced power conversion efficiency, commercial perovskite solar panels will be a near future reality, thereby transforming our energy infrastructure.
Governing NebraskaS Fiscal Commons: Addressing the Budgetary Squeeze

Nebraska is in a sound fiscal position compared to other states, but this situation is not likely to last. States are being asked to do more by both the local and federal levels of government, and the resulting budgetary squeeze needs to be addressed. States set budgets over short horizons, but these plans have lasting implications. Considering the task of writing a budget as budgetary commons highlights the need for clear priorities. At the same time, states ability to raise revenue is being constrained by changing demographics, for example, retirement of the baby boomers. Unless states like Nebraska set their own priorities and reform large budget items such as education and pensions, the budget situation will get worse, even for states that currently show few signs of distress.
Wisdom and fluid intelligence are dissociable in healthy older adults.

Author(s): Lindbergh, Cutter A; Romero-Kornblum, Heather; Weiner-Light, Sophia; Young, J Clayton; Fonseca, Corrina; You, Michelle; Wolf, Amy; Staffaroni, Adam M; Daly, Rebecca; Jeste, Dilip V; Kramer, Joel H; Chiong, Winston; Hillblom Aging Network | Abstract: ObjectivesThe relationship between wisdom and fluid intelligence (Gf) is poorly understood, particularly in older adults. We empirically tested the magnitude of the correlation between wisdom and Gf to help determine the extent of overlap between these two constructs.DesignCross-sectional study with preregistered hypotheses and well-powered analytic plan (https://osf.io/h3pjx).SettingMemory and Aging Center at the University of California San Francisco, located in the USA.Participants141 healthy older adults (mean age = 76 years; 56% female).MeasurementsWisdom was quantified using a well-validated self-report-based scale (San Diego Wisdom Scale or SD-WISE). Gf was assessed via composite measures of processing speed (Gf-PS) and executive functioning (Gf-EF). The relationships of SD-WISE scores to Gf-PS and Gf-EF were tested in bivariate correlational analyses and multiple regression models adjusted for demographics (age, sex, and education). Exploratory analyses evaluated the relationships between SD-WISE and age, episodic memory performance, and dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortical volumes on magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsWisdom showed a small, positive association with Gf-EF (r = 0.181 [95% CI 0.016, 0.336], p = .031), which was reduced to nonsignificance upon controlling for demographics, and no association with Gf-PS (r = 0.019 [95% CI -0.179, 0.216], p = .854). Wisdom demonstrated a small, negative correlation with age (r = -0.197 [95% CI -0.351, -0.033], p = .019), but was not significantly related to episodic memory or prefrontal volumes.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that most of the variance in wisdom (g95%) is unaccounted for by Gf. The independence of wisdom from cognitive functions that reliably show age-associated declines suggests that it may hold unique potential to bolster decision-making, interpersonal functioning, and other everyday activities in older adults.
Comparison of Coincident Forest Canopy Measurements from Airborne Lidar and Ultra- Wideband Microwave Radar

Tree heights are important input for many inventory and ecosystem models. While optical and infrared sensors such as LiDAR are widely used in forest surveys, microwave radar has the unique advantage of being able to operate in bad weather or poor visibility conditions. In this work, we employed a LiDAR combined with a compact ultra-wideband frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar onboard a Single Otter aircraft to collect data over forested areas in Alaska. While the primary focus of the mission was to map the surface elevation and snow thickness of Alaskan glaciers as a part of NASA Operation IceBridge (OIB), we recorded LiDAR and radar returns during the transit flights to analyze backscattering signatures from tree-covered areas, thereby assessing the potential application of our radar to forest and vegetation remote sensing. We analyzed these measurements and estimated the tree heights along the flight trajectory. The very good agreement between the tree height profiles from the two instruments shows promising results for wide area forestry studies using microwave radar.
From Convenience to Hazard: A Short History of the Emergence of the Menstrual Activism Movement, 1971–1992

In this article, I explore the early history of contemporary menstrual activism in the United States by looking through the lens of the first seven editions of the feminist women's health classic, Our Bodies, Ourselves (OBOS). This analysis illustrates the development of a critical menstrual consciousness as three key phases of the emerging movement, offersa representation of the dynamic nature of feminist health consciousness, and highlights the importance of linking current activism to its past.
Rumination, Mindfulness, and Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms

Current research indicates that both rumination and low mindfulness are implicated in the development and maintenance of borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms, yet no research to date has synthesized these findings into one model. In this study, we examined the mediating interplay between BPD symptoms, rumination levels, and low engagement in mindfulness. Two hundred racially diverse undergraduate college students participated in the study. Major depressive disorder (MDD) and BPD symptoms were assessed using semi-structured interviews, and current rumination and mindfulness were assessed using self-report measures. Increased BPD symptoms predicted both decreased mindfulness and increased rumination. Bootstrapping mediation analyses indicated that rumination mediated the association between BPD symptoms and low mindfulness, and low mindfulness mediated the association between BPD symptoms and rumination. Both mediation effects held beyond effects of age, gender and current MDD. However, the magnitude of the indirect effect of BPD on low mindfulness through rumination was significantly larger than the indirect effect of BPD on rumination through low mindfulness. Furthermore, BPD symptoms had a significantly larger indirect effect on low mindfulness through brooding rumination than through reflection rumination. These findings suggest that low mindfulness, rumination, and BPD are intimately related. This study provides important preliminary information for the understanding of the relationship between low mindfulness and rumination in BPD symptom development and treatment.
The Academic Support Student in the Year 2010

Academic support professionals have long recognized the benefits of imparting a greater knowledge of learning skills to law students as a way to enhance their ability to learn the law. Consequently, the science and pedagogy of academic support have become a staple of legal education. However, while the need for academic support remains a constant, the identification of those in need of academic support programs continues to be in flux. Growing social awareness of an expanded definition of diversity, recent decisions such as Hopwood v. Texas and the proliferation of academic support programs have expanded the definition of the academic support student.
An Empirical Examination of Sexual Relations Between Adolescents and Adults

SUMMARY The American view that adolescent-adult sexual relations are by definition “child sexual abuse” has spread throughout the Western world and reshaped public policy. This paper, originally presented as a talk, examines the scientific validity of this view. A historical perspective traces the conflation of the adolescent experience with rape, incest, and that of the young, prepubescent child. Biological and cognitive perspectives support the view that adolescents have more in common with adults than children. Sweeping claims that adolescents react as children are said to is critically tested by examining two types of relations-those between heterosexual teenage boys and women and those between gay or bisexual teenage boys and men. Non-clinical empirical data show overwhelmingly that such relations are characterized mostly by positive reactions based on consent if not initiative on the part of the minor, with perceived benefit rather than harm as a correlate. It is concluded that the American view is ...
Fungal Genomic Annotation

Sequencing technology in the last decade has advanced at an incredible pace. Currently there are hundreds of microbial genomes available with more still to come. Automated genome annotation aims to analyze this amount of sequence data in a high-throughput fashion and help researches to understand the biology of these organisms. Manual curation of automatically annotated genomes validates the predictions and set up ‘gold’ standards for improving the methodologies used. Here we review the methods and tools used for annotation of fungal genomes in different genome sequencing centers.
Multi-frequency backscatter variations for classification of mine-like targets from low-resolution sonar data

The purpose of this research is to classify bottom targets as mine like using low-resolution sonar data. The sonar is mounted on an autonomous, unmanned seafloor crawler, which operates in the littoral regions. Due to the sonar's relatively large beamwidths and proximity to the seafloor, low-resolution imagery is produced in which objects possess Little discernable shape and no acoustic shadow (i.e., image-based classification is infeasible). Therefore, this research forms multiple images with the sonar operating at different, narrowband frequencies. A feature set is then constructed based on backscatter variations across these various narrowband frequency ranges. In addition to representing target response versus frequency, this feature set also possesses the desirable characteristic of range independence. Afterwards, an unsupervised self-organizing map artificial neural network is trained to project and cluster the features into a two-dimensional feature space. In this space, the decision surfaces are formed and the cluster identities are labeled. Experimental results from a variety of target types illustrate the favorable separability of the clusters and the discriminating power of the frequency-based feature set.
An anti-CD9 monoclonal antibody promotes adhesion and induces proliferation of Schwann cells in vitro

We have recently found that CD9, a cell surface glycoprotein involved in intercellular signaling in hematopoietic cells, is also expressed by neurons and glia in the peripheral nervous system. Antibody perturbation experiments were conducted to examine the function of CD9 in neural cells. Three anti-CD9 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (ROCA1, ROCA2, B2C11) were tested for their ability to promote adhesion of several Schwann cell lines (S-16, RN22, JS1), primary Schwann cells and PC12 cells. Only B2C11 promotes adhesion in all cells tested. Although ROCA2 immunolabels living cells strongly, it had no effect on the adhesion of any of these cells. In addition, ROCA1 and several positive- staining, control mAbs also had no effect. Another mAb, 192-IgG, directed against the low affinity NGF receptor, also promotes the adhesion of S-16, PC12, and primary Schwann cells. In addition to adhesion, contact of S-16 Schwann cells with B2C11 specifically induces morphological changes and robust proliferation. None of the other mAbs, including 192-IgG, induce proliferation of S-16 cells. These results provide evidence that CD9 may be involved in signaling, activation and growth regulation of cells in the nervous system.
Digital Storytelling Based on the Association for Library Service to Children Competencies: A Learning Activity to Promote Values Associated with Social Justice

Social justice is a thread that is woven into the values of librarians. Concepts such as equal access, diversity, and inclusion are central tenets of librarianship. The Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC) competencies (2009) strengthen the social justice fabric of the profession. In the Art of Storytelling, eighteen graduate students used digital tools to create and disseminate advocacy stories. A content analysis of the ALSC competencies and graduate students’ data shows that, although the term “social justice” is not used in those competencies, these professional standards provide support for aligning preservice education with concepts related to social justice.
CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN OF THE PRIMARY TREATMENT FOR BALLAST SYSTEMS

Investigations are currently underway to establish effective primary and secondary ballast water treatment methods to minimize the potential for the introduction of additional nonindigenous aquatic species into the Great Lakes and other U.S. coastal waters. This treatment could be used in place of mid-ocean ballast exchange currently required by the U.S. Coast Guard for all vessels entering the Great Lakes in ballast from beyond the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Primary and secondary treatment could provide environmental protection for both Ballast On Board (BOB) vessels, which are required to perform mid-ocean ballast exchange before entering the Great Lakes, and No Ballast On Board (NOBOB) vessels, which are currently exempt from any ballast exchange requirements. Primary treatment using some form of mechanical separation to 100 pm or 50 pm followed by secondary treatment using 254 nm UV irradiation or some form of chemical treatment are currently leading candidates. Over the past six years, the Great Lakes Ballast Technology Demonstration Project (GLBTDP) has undertaken the full-scale evaluation of 340 m 3 /h (1500 U.S. gpm) ballast water mechanical separation using an automatic backwashing screen filter, hydrocyclone, and automatic backwashing disk filter. This experience provides the basis for the investigation of various ballast system design issues that must be considered in the selection and design of the primary ballast water treatment. This investigation is based upon the ballast system of a typical Seaway size bulk carrier using port and starboard 2000 m 3 /h (8800 U.S. gpm) main ballast pumps. A discrete multicriterion optimization tradeoff study using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is also presented to illustrate a rational method for determining the best choice for primary ballast water treatment for such a Seaway size bulk carrier.
The Essential Ingredients of Successful Sibling Relationships: An Emerging Framework for Advancing Theory and Practice

Although conflict is a frequent and dynamic interpersonal process in children’s sibling relationships, ambivalence (i.e., combinations of, or shifts between, positive and negative behaviors and affects) may better characterize normative sibling interactions. Nonetheless, there is a general assumption that reducing conflict is the most effective mechanism for improving sibling relationships. This review argues that the focus on conflict as the predominant attribute of sibling relationships is misplaced and has served to overshadow research on other relationship processes; it has also handicapped the development of effective prevention and intervention tools. Strategies are presented for moving theory, research, and practice toward the identification and development of factors and social processes that promote prosocial forms of sibling engagement and manage conflict. Innovative strategies are needed on two fronts: to help young siblings set their relationship on a positive trajectory and to help them avoid or remediate conflictual interactions.
Re-examining Reversals in Monthly Stock Returns: Post-Discovery, Size-based, and Time-Variation Evidence

We re-examine contrarian relative-strength profits in one-month stock returns with a focus on: (1) the post-discovery vs.pre-discovery evidence, (2) size-based variation, and (3) time-series patterns. Over the last two decades since the initial documentation in the academic literature, profits to the one-month relative-strength contrarian strategy appear to have weakened substantially. In fact, reversals for this strategy are only evident for small-cap stocks in the post-discovery sample. Further, we find that the reversal profits are reliably higher following periods of high realized stock market volatility; where, following from Nagel (2012), we interpret the lagged return volatility as a state variable that indicates time-variation in the return to liquidity provision. We also find that the reversals are much stronger in January for both the pre-and post-discovery periods. For the post-discovery period, only the small-cap stocks exhibit reliable reversals for the non-January months. Our collective findings suggests that the one-month relative-strength strategy can be characterized as a weakening illiquidity-related phenomenon.
Acute ovarian torsion in young girls

Abstract Objective To get to know about the clinical presentation of ovarian torsion in young girls. Methods From January 2009 to January 2014, 4 patients were treated in our hospital for ovarian torsion. The ages of the patients at surgery were 3, 9, 141, 151 months, with a mean age of 76 months. Results In all cases, the ovary was necrotic at the time of surgery. Conclusions Ovarian torsion is a rare gynecological emergency in children which requires an early surgical intervention to save the ovary from necrosis. Unfortunately, surgical treatment was belated in all our patients.
Economic Evaluation in Radiology. Reviewing the Literature and Examples in Oncology.

Rationale and Objectives To review US health care trends related to medical imaging utilization and costs as well as to present standard methods for conducting economic evaluation for health care interventions and medical imaging specifically. Materials and Methods A review of the medical literature was performed to assess health policy and health technology assessment trends, expenditures, and cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) related to medical imaging. Standard approaches to conducting economic evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis were reviewed and summarized. Examples of CEA evidence related to imaging in select oncology conditions were presented. Results Several high-quality methodology publications have provided guidance for conducting economic evaluation and CEA in radiology. There is variability in the quality of CEA models and their dissemination. However, there are numerous methodologically sound cost-effectiveness analyses for radiology procedures, and the evidence base of CEA studies for medical imaging continues to increase. Advanced imaging approaches for diagnosing and staging oncology conditions have the potential to provide cost-effective care when used in appropriate patient subpopulations. Conclusions Additional rigorous comparative effectiveness studies for advanced imaging, including cost-effectiveness analyses, can provide useful information to policy makers and health care providers on the relative effects and costs associated with diagnostic alternatives.
Author cocitation: A literature measure of intellectual structure

It is shown that the mapping of a particular area of science, in this case information science, can be done using authors as units of analysis and the cocitations of pairs of authors as the variable that indicates their “distances” from each other. The analysis assumes that the more two authors are cited together, the closer the relationship between them. The raw data are cocitation counts drawn online from Social Scisearch (Social Sciences Citation Index) over the period 1972–1979. The resulting map shows (1) identifiable author groups (akin to “schools”) of information science, (2) locations of these groups with respect to each other, (3) the degree of centrality and peripherality of authors within groups, (4) proximities of authors within group and across group boundaries (“border authors” who seem to connect various areas of research), and (5) positions of authors with respect to the map's axes, which were arbitrarily set spanning the most divergent groups in order to aid interpretation. Cocitation analysis of authors offers a new technique that might contribute to the understanding of intellectual structure in the sciences and possibly in other areas to the extent that those areas rely on serial publications. The technique establishes authors, as well as documents, as an effective unit in analyzing subject specialties.
Use of chloramphenicol palmitate in neonates.

The absorption and disposition of orally administered chloramphenicol palmitate (chloramphenicol-P) was studied in seven neonates (four preterm, three term). The highest measured chloramphenicol serum concentrations occurred ≥4 hours after the dose, and ranged from 5.5, to 23 μg/ml after doses of chloramphenicol-P 50 mg/kg/day orally. The dosage had to be increased in all preterm neonates from 25 mg/kg/day to 50 mg/kg/day to obtain adequate serum levels during therapy. In four neonates the apparent half-life could not be estimated, because there was no decline in serum concentrations. The apparent half-life was 3 and 6 hours, respectively, in two neonates in whom the serum concentration declined during the dosing interval. Urinary excretion of chloramphenicol and the glucoronide ester in three neonates varied from 24% to 55% of the total dose administered. These preliminary data suggest considerable variability in serum chloramphenicol levels when chloramphenicol-P is administered orally in neonates. The delay in achieving the maximum serum concentration, nondeclining serum curve, and low renal recovery is indicative of incomplete, prolonged, and erratic absorption, possibly related to delayed gastric emptying or decreased intraluminal hydrolysis of the palmitate ester.
Suppression of Gastrin and Gastric Acid Secretion in the Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome by Long-Acting Somatostatin (SMS 201-995)

(1986). Suppression of Gastrin and Gastric Acid Secretion in the Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome by Long-Acting Somatostatin (SMS 201-995) Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology: Vol. 21, No. sup119, pp. 206-211.
Leader support and responses to work in US nurses: A test of alternative theoretical perspectives

Abstract A number of theoretical perspectives as well as common wisdom suggest that leader support is important for alleviating or preventing dysfunctional effects of stress at work. Other perspectives suggest that task characteristics also serve a supportive function. In this study, data from 97 nurses in a paediatric hospital were used to compare the utility of the path-goal theory of leadership, social support theory and substitutes for leadership theory for explaining the impact of leader support on satisfaction and anxiety responses of workers. In addition, the relative impact of leader support and enriched tasks on worker affect was explored. Results suggest that social support theory was able to predict most findings regarding leader support, and that leader support is more important than task to predictions of satisfaction of workers and autonomy is more important to relieving anxiety of workers. The study extends findings about the general value of leader support for managing, but the need to cla...
Direct laser deposition of alloys from elemental powder blends

Abstract The complexity in design of components used in advanced aerospace and automotive applications is continuously increasing. This has led to the development of near-net shape manufacturing techniques such as laser engineered net-shaping (LENSTM) which falls in the class of direct laser deposition processes from powder feedstock. Despite considerable advances in process optimization, there is a rather limited understanding of the role of metallurgical factors in laser deposition of alloys. This paper discusses the significant role played by the thermodynamic enthalpy of mixing in the deposition of alloys from elemental powder blends using LENSTM. This factor influences the homogeneity as well as the rate of solidification of the alloy and consequently the microstructure and properties of the deposit. The enthalpy of mixing could also serve as a very useful guideline in the design of novel alloys that are laser deposited from elemental powder blends.
A Two-Step Process for Cytokine Production Revealed by IL-4 Dual-Reporter Mice

To monitor IL-4 expression at the single-cell level, we generated mice with insertions of different reporter genes into both copies of the Il4 gene that permitted the simultaneous analysis of IL-4 transcripts via GFP and IL-4 protein secretion by use of huCD2. Innate and adaptive cells competent for IL-4 production were marked by GFP, while cells that presently or recently secreted IL-4 additionally displayed huCD2. After challenge with the strictly enteric helminth, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, GFP-positive innate and adaptive cells disseminated widely, but IL-4 secretion was predominantly mediated by CD4+ T cells in the intestines and draining lymphoid organs. IL-4-competent cells persisted in cured animals, and memory responses reflected rapid cytokine production at the site of rechallenge. These data reveal a two-step process for cytokine production: the first generating poised cells that disseminate systemically and the second inducing the rapid production of the cytokine in response to local stimulation.
Film Cooling Predictions for Cratered Cylindrical Inclined Holes

Film cooling is studied for cylindrical holes embedded in craters. Different crater geometries are considered for a typical crater depth. Cratered holes occur when blades are coated with thermal barrier coating layers by masking the hole area during TBC spraying. The film performance and behavior will be different for the cratered holes compared to standard cylindrical holes. FLUENT is used to simulate film cooling for the different crater geoemtries and compared to baseline uncratered cylindrical holes. Film effectiveness is reduced by the cratering compared to earlier studies which had two-dimensional trenches instead of craters. The study is performed at a single mainstream Reynolds number based on free-stream velocity and film hole diameter of 11000 at one different coolant-to-mainstream blowing ratio of 1.0.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
A Radiation Hard MNOS CCD for Low Temperature Applications

P-buried channel charge-coupled devices (CCDs) with a 100 A sio2 and 1.2 A Si3N4 dual gate insulator have been fabricated and radiation tested. The CCDs are 105-and 150-bit 4-phase linear shift registers with double-level polysilicon gates. Most of the experimental data is obtained on p-buried channel devices because design considerations suggest that the p-buried channel structure will have the greatest tolerance to ionizing radiation for devices with MNOS gates. Threshold shifts on the order of -1 volt/106 rad(Si) have been achieved at both 80°K and 300°K on CCDs which are operated continuously during the irradiation. The p-buried channel CCDs show essentially no degradation in pre-irradiation transfer efficiency up to doses of 106 rad(Si) without any change in the operating biases.
Development and Preliminary Validation of Integrated Local Microclimate Model for Numerical Evaluation of Cool Pavement Strategies

Cool pavement strategies can help mitigate the heat island effect and improve the outdoor thermal environment in hot climates. This study developed a framework for a general integrated local microclimate model that included the pavement structure and near-surface air and considers coupled processes of radiation, convection, conduction, shading, and evaporation. A simplified numerical model based on heat transfer was developed to simulate the thermal behavior of pavements with a focus on the pavement surface. The model was used to simulate the temporal and spatial distribution and variation of pavement temperature during the summer in a hot region (Sacramento, California). Preliminary validation of the model was accomplished with field measurements from experimental test sections on asphalt and concrete pavements (of various materials and structures) and under various weather conditions during summer. The simulated results agreed well with the measurements recorded on the test pavements, but further valida...