cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interference mitigation with MIMO precoding in femtocellular systems

Femtocells have the potential to provide significant benefits for cellular users. However, the introduction of femtocells also introduces new sources of interference for existing users. In this paper, three techniques for interference mitigation using MIMO precoding are considered at the femtocellular base stations to reduce the interference to the macrocellular users: Precoding Matrix Index (PMI) restriction, Least Interference (LI) and Codebook-based Beamforming with Nulling (CBN). Different sizes of codebooks are generated and applied in these three methods in a single-cell environment. We show that PMI restriction improves macrocellular performance at the expense of femtocellular throughput; LI maximizes the former while minimizing the latter; and CBN theoretically achieves a balance between the two.
Nontherapeutic Research with Children: Grimes v Kennedy Krieger Institute

Research with young children raises difficult issues of law and ethics. A recent Maryland case, Grimes v Kennedy Krieger Institute, Inc, appears to impose restrictive rules on research with children when the subjects are put at risk but cannot derive direct benefit from their involvement in the research project. This case exemplifies the tension that exists between the goal of science to increase knowledge and the protection of the rights and welfare of nonconsenting research subjects. While some language in the opinion may be difficult to understand or apply, for the most part the case reflects the problems other courts and ethicists have had in delineating the role of children in “nontherapeutic” research. (Am J Public Health. 2002;92:1070–1073)
Accreditation and Certification for Evidence-Based Design

The Evidence-Based Design Accreditation and Certification (EDAC) is a professional certification that validates that individuals have a core body of knowledge and experience necessary to lead and engage in an evidence-based design process for healthcare facilities. This bimonthly department expands nurse leaders' knowledge and competencies in health facility design and enables them to lead in design efforts. In this article, the vision and mission of EDAC and specific content are shared to increase nurse leaders' awareness of the certification when interviewing prospective architectural firms or for nurse leaders who aspire to have a career in the healthcare design field.
Concentration of Playing Talent Evolution in Major League Baseball

Several authors have recently suggested that an expanding labor pool has led to improvement in professional sports leagues’ competitive balance. The basic premise is that a rise in team player options leads to less variability in player performance and therefore increased competition. The present work examines the initial step (i.e., the relationship between the influx of foreign-born players and various measures of talent compression). The results suggest that the geographic diversity of today’s baseball players has reduced variability in individual player performance.
Mepiquat Chloride and Irrigation versus Cotton Growth and Development

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) produces excessive vegetative growth when grown under optimum water and nutrient conditions. The plant growth regulator Mepiquat Chloride (MC); 1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride reduces vegetative growth and can promote early maturity. Its effect on yield has been inconsistent, with some researchers showing an increase while others have indicated a decrease. This variation in yield has often been attributed to environmental factors and variations in water and fertilizer inputs. This study examined the effect of MC on cotton growth, under varying irrigation treatments, to determine if soil moisture interacts with MC. The experiment was conducted in 1987 with two cotton cultivars, Stoneville 825 (ST825') and Deltapine 20 (DP20'), grown in pots, with five irrigation treatments [1.2,1.0,0.8,0.6, and 0.4 times previous day's pan evaporation (PE)] each with and without MC applied []
Review of computed tomographic imaging in acute orbital trauma

Penetrating and blunt trauma may cause orbital soft tissue and bone injury and may lodge foreign bodies into the orbit. Computed tomography is probably the most useful imaging modality for the evaluation of penetrating and blunt orbital trauma.
Mercury regulation, fate, transport, transformation, and abatement within cement manufacturing facilities: Review

Abstract The USEPA's 2010 mercury rule, which would reduce emissions from non-hazardous waste burning cement manufacturing facilities by an estimated 94%, represents a substantial regulatory challenge for the industry. These regulations, based on the performance of facilities that benefit from low concentrations of mercury in their feedstock and fuel inputs (e.g., limestone concentration was less than 25 ppb at each facility), will require non-compliant facilities to develop innovative controls. Control development is difficult because each facility's emissions must be assessed and simple correlation to mercury concentrations in limestone or an assumption of ‘typically observed’ mercury concentrations in inputs are unsupported by available data. Furthermore, atmospheric emissions are highly variable due to an internal control mechanism that captures and loops mercury between the high-temperature kiln and low-temperature raw materials mill. Two models have been reported to predict emissions; however, they have not been benchmarked against data from the internal components that capture mercury and do not distinguish between mercury species, which have different sorption and desorption properties. Control strategies include technologies applied from other industries and technologies developed specifically for cement facilities. Reported technologies, listed from highest to lowest anticipated mercury removal, include purge of collected dust or raw meal, changes in feedstocks and fuels, wet scrubbing, cleaning of mercury enriched dust, dry sorbent injection, and dry and semi-dry scrubbing. The effectiveness of these technologies is limited by an inadequate understanding of sorption, desorption, and mercury species involved in internal loop mercury control. To comply with the mercury rule and to improve current mercury control technologies and practices, research is needed to advance fundamental knowledge regarding mercury species sorption and desorption dynamics on materials within cement facilities.
A Decision-Analytic Concept Selection for a Commercial System Using Objective Data to Model Uncertainty

This paper presents decision-analytic concept selection framework for a commercial system and an uncertainty modeling using objective data. The selection of a system concept for which a final system is designed and manufactured is a decision making process with incomplete information. Decision analysis is a prescriptive approach for decision making under uncertainty. While realizing that humans make decisions violating the expected utility axioms, decision analysis uses a set of tools to guide a decision maker toward an unbiased and rational decision making. The objective of this research is to propose a decision-analytic framework for commercial system concept selection, and an approach to utilize as much objective data as possible in the uncertainty modeling. Toward this objective, this paper construct cost distribution using case-based reasoning and market share distribution applying bootstrap to customers’ preference data obtained from conjoint analysis. The proposed approach is demonstrated in an illustrative example: a decision-analytic automobile concept selection.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Prenatal nutritional deprivation as a risk factor in schizophrenia : preclinical evidence

We will review evidence from preclinical literature that prenatal nutritional deprivation produces neurochemical, morphological, and electrophysiological effects reminiscent of those seen in clinical studies of schizophrenia. We will focus on effects of nutritional deficiency that are likely to have implications for schizophrenia. These include disruption of neurotransmitter systems such as dopamine and serotonin and dysgenesis of the hippocampal formation. Preclinical studies show enhanced release and turnover of dopamine and serotonin following prenatal and early postnatal nutritional deficiency. Morphology of the hippocampus, as well as electrophysiology and hippocampally-mediated behaviors are also altered. Although intriguing, these studies have not been conducted with schizophrenia in mind, and thus, outcome measures that may be more specifically related to schizophrenia have not been examined. We propose that further preclinical studies that examine the consequences of prenatal nutritional deficiency, which may lead to altered neuronal migration and other developmental abnormalities, may be useful in understanding the etiology of schizophrenia.
Parallel-coupled adiabatic resonant microring (ARM) filter with integrated heaters

Add-drop filters based on parallel adiabatic resonant microrings (ARMs) are demonstrated. The ARM design permits synthesis of maximally flat characteristics up to a FWHM of 54 GHz while keeping the ripple amplitude below 1 dB.
Reducing the divide between the West and the East

This article deconstructs the West–East divide and relates it to the rise of ‘mega identities’ in the West and the rise of contradictory Islamic fundamentalisms. The trauma in the West relates to Israel, to the past history of conflicts and invasions, to terrorism and immigration. The article also analyses the complexities of Jewish trauma, the problem of diverging values between East and West, and considers addressing the issue of double standards as a way towards reducing the divide.
Managing Cultural Differences

The article presents a review of the book “Managing Cultural Differences,” 2nd edition, by Philip R. Harris and Robert T. Moran.
Polarimetric property preservation in SAR speckle filtering

Speckle reduction of polarimetric SAR imagery has been studied using several different approaches. All these approaches exploited the degree of independence between HH, HV and VV channels. The statistical characteristics, such as correlation between channels, and polarimetric property preservation, were not addressed. This paper proposes a new approach in polarimetric SAR filtering. The new approach emphasizes not introducing cross-talk, preserving polarimetric information and statistical correlation between channels, and not degrading the image quality. To avoid cross-talk, each element of the covariance matrix has to be filtered independently. This rules out current methods of polarimetric SAR filtering. To preserve the polarimetric signature, each element of the covariance matrix should be filtered in a way similar to multi-look processing by averaging the covariance matrix of neighboring pixels, but without the deficiency of smearing edges, or degrading image quality. The proposed polarimetric SAR filter uses edge- directed non-square windows and applies the local statistics filter. The impact of using this polarimetric speckle filtering on terrain classification is also studied. NASA/JPL Les Landes polarimetric P-Band and C-Band SAR data is used for illustration.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Partially degenerate relativistic isothermal gas spheres

The problem of an isothermal gas sphere in which the pressure is supplied by partially degenerate relativistic electrons and radiation is examined. Numerical solutions for the cases ψo=0, 5, 10, and 20 are tabulated.
Assessment of the chloracnegenic response induced by 3,4,3’,4'‐tetrachloroazoxybenzene in mice

Chloracne is a follicular hyperkeratosis produced by exposure to certain halogenated aromatic compounds. The rabbit ear bioassay has been used successfully for testing the acnegenic activity of compounds, but the lack of reference data in this species limits its usefulness in correlating chloracne to other toxic effects such as skin carcinogenesis. In this study, a prototype chloracnegen, 3,4,3',4'-tetrachloroazoxybenzene (TCAOB), was used. Five strains of mice (hairless, rhino, rhino+, DBA/2J, and C57BL/6) were treated topically with 100 microliters of 0.001, 0.01, or 0.1% TCAOB daily for 3-9 wk. Skin and liver histology were performed and hepatic enzyme activities measured. At the 0.001% TCAOB level, induction of hepatic aniline hydroxylase and cytochrome P-450 occurred in the C57BL/6 mice and induction of cytochrome c reductase occurred in the rhino mice. Dose-dependent gross and histologic skin lesions, characteristic of follicular hyperkeratosis, were observed in the rhino and hairless strains at the 0.01% and 0.1% levels. These two strains also had induction of hepatic cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome P-450, and aniline hydroxylase at TCAOB concentrations of 0.01 or 0.1%. These results suggest that the rhino and hairless strains of mice may be useful in the study of chloracne.
THE CLASSICAL HARMONIC OSCILLATOR ON GALOIS AND P-ADIC FIELDS

Starting from a difference equation corresponding to the harmonic oscillator, we discuss various properties of the classical motion (cycles, conserved quantity, boundedness, continuum limit) when the dynamical variables take their values on Galois or p-adic fields. We show that these properties can be applied as a technical tool to calculate the motion on the real numbers. On the other hand, we also give an example where the motions over Galois and p-adic fields have a direct physical interpretation. Some perspectives for quantum field theory and strings are briefly discussed.
Analysis of cell death in the trochlear nucleus of the chick embryo: calibration of the optical disector counting method reveals systematic bias.

Detection of changes in numbers of neurons is essential for an understanding of neuronal development, function, and death. Optical disector counting is claimed to be the most efficient technique to estimate accurate numbers of neurons in microscopic sections. We calibrated the optical disector by comparison with three-dimensional reconstructions from serial sections and determined how accurate this technique is relative to conventional profile counting methods. The calibration was performed on the trochlear nucleus in developing chicks. Optical disector estimates, when obtained as generally recommended, were about 25% lower than the actual number of neurons. This underestimate was caused by a nonuniform (bimodal) distribution of neuronal nuclei in paraffin and plastic (glycolmethacrylate) sections, but not in cryosections. The density of neurons in the core of the paraffin and plastic sections was substantially lower than in the upper and lower margins of these sections. Accurate estimates of neuronal numbers were obtained with a modified optical disector method that sampled the entire extent of tissue sections. Previous estimates of numbers of trochlear neurons in the developing chick have been controversial. The modified (calibrated) optical disector method revealed that the number of trochlear neurons decreased from about 1,600 at day 8.5 of incubation (embryonic day, [E]8.5) to about 900 at the time of hatching. Numbers of pyknotic nuclei peaked at E6 and at E9, revealing an additional early, but postproliferative, period of cell death. Taken together, these data emphasize the need for calibration of stereological counting techniques and the need to examine sampling strategies for potential bias. J. Comp. Neurol. 409:169–186, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Civil Society and the State

States, Parties, and Social Movements. Edited by Jack Goldstone. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 312 pp., $70.00 cloth (ISBN: 0-521-81679-3), $25.00 paper (ISBN: 0-521-01699-1). Among the many undertilled fields in political science, few are in as much need of cultivation as the study of the relationship between political associations and the state. Even though particular types of interactions have been analyzed at length, such as the role of political opportunity structures in mediating social movement success, other types of interactions, in particular those that would constitute “normal politics,” have received less attention. If political parties are thrown into the mix, the literature gap is even more evident. Fortunately, Jack Goldstone's new edited volume— States, Parties, and Social Movements —illuminates the various types of interactions among social movement organizations, political parties, and the state in both Western democracies and in non-Western nations—democratic and otherwise. Perhaps even more exciting, this fine collection of essays reflects the research of a younger set of scholars who stand poised to build on the intellectual contributions of their forebears. Goldstone frames the collection with a thoughtful opening essay that elucidates the central claim common to each of the essays: “social movements constitute an essential element of normal politics in modern societies, and … there is only a fuzzy and permeable boundary between institutionalized and noninstitutionalized politics” (p. 2). This claim stands in contrast with much of the literature on social movement activity. Conventional wisdom heralds that it is precisely because of a noninstitutionalized relationship between an aggrieved group and the state that social movement organizations form in the first place. Once a relationship becomes institutionalized, the need for a social movement organization dissipates, as does the type of political behavior typical of excluded …
Treatment and Control of BP and Lipids in Patients with Hypertension and Additional Risk Factors

Background NCEP ATP III (National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III) guidelines recommend that for patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), lipid-lowering therapy should be considered even at relatively low cholesterol levels (low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ↓100 mg/dL). Furthermore, the ASCOT-LLA (Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid-Lowering Arm) has demonstrated the importance of statin therapy in the primary prevention of major cardiovascular events in people with hypertension and ↓3 cardiovascular risk factors with total cholesterol levels of ↑250 mg/dL (↑6.5 mmol/L).
Pulmonary valve replacement: a comparison of three biological valves.

Background We retrospectively reviewed the performance of the mosaic porcine, bovine pericardial, and homograft prostheses for pulmonary valve replacement to correct chronic pulmonary insufficiency. Methods From January 1995 to August 2006, 82 patients (mean age, 22.7 years) underwent valve replacement with porcine (49 patients), bovine pericardial (18 patients), or pulmonary homograft (15 patients) prosthesis at a mean of 15.3 years after initial outflow tract reconstruction. Excluded were patients with extracardiac conduits, monocusp valves, or the Ross procedure. The groups were similar with respect to age, body surface area, degree of regurgitation, right ventricular dimension, right ventricular to pulmonary artery gradient, and valve size. Follow-up was longer in the homograft cohort (porcine, 20 ± 27 months; pericardial, 42 ± 21; homograft, 49 ± 40; p Results All three prostheses significantly reduce chronic pulmonary regurgitation, but late insufficiency was higher with homografts. Right ventricular dimension was significantly reduced in the stented but not the allograft cohorts. Late valve dysfunction was highest with homografts (54%), followed by porcine (19%) and pericardial valves (5.5%; p Conclusions All three prostheses performed similarly for 3 years. Pulmonary regurgitation developed more frequently in homografts albeit at a longer duration of follow-up.
Assessing Stress Levels of Captive-Reared Amphibians with Hematological Data: Implications for Conservation Initiatives

Abstract Larval amphibians are increasingly being reared for conservation initiatives to bolster declining populations. Few researchers, however, have asked whether reared individuals are functionally equivalent to their wild counterparts. Compared with those in the wild, amphibians reared in captivity may develop in relatively stress-free environments, because they are usually fed ad libitum, raised in the absence of predators and pathogens and in controlled environments. Thus, with few challenges throughout development, would their resting stress levels or reactions to acute stressors be normal? We addressed this question by rearing Litobates sphenocephalus and Ambystoma opacum from eggs and 10-day-old larvae through to late larval stages in artificial pond environments and by determining their ratios of neutrophils (N) to lymphocytes (L) (two leukocytes that covary with stress hormones) before and after a standardized stressor. We obtained similar samples from wild-caught larvae of equivalent developme...
Performance tradeoffs of shared limited range wavelength conversion schemes in optical WDM networks

Performance of all-optical switches that employee different types of limited-range wavelength converters (LRWC) are investigated. Previous work has shown that there is a remarkable improvement in blocking probability while using LRWC over full range conversion, but has not considered the coincident effect of conversion resources sharing. We consider the case where an incoming wavelength can be converted to a range of outgoing wavelengths, where d is the range of conversion. The simulation results demonstrate that the performance improvement obtained by full range wavelength conversion can almost be achieved by using a fractional ranged LRWC.
Electron Tunneling in Charge-Density and Spin-Density Waves

First we calculate the tunneling density of states of quasi-two dimensional charge density waves (CDW) or spin density waves (SDW) in the presence of impurity scattering. Second, we consider the tunneling current between two CDWs or two SDWs. We point out the existence of new contribution, which gives rise to the a.c. current when one CDW is sliding relative to the other one.
Experimental Methodology Using Digital Image Correlation to Assess Ballistic Helmet Blunt Trauma

As modern helmets have become quite capable of defeating the penetration capabilities of ballistic threats, Soldiers may experience head injuries due to blunt trauma caused by helmet back face deformation (BFD). Possible resulting injuries include skull fracture, hematoma, concussion, contusion, diffuse axonal injury, etc. Some of these injuries have been associated with traumatic brain injury. In order to assess potential injury mechanisms prior to fielding new helmets, we have developed a means to experimentally replicate and measure helmet BFD that can be correlated to injury criteria. In this study, helmet performance test methodology is developed using a digital image correlation (DIC) technique. DIC provides the capability to measure dynamic displacements, thereby providing the ability to calculate deformation, velocity, and acceleration rates. We have shown that digital image correlation is an experimentation technique that accurately captures BFD area and rate of deformation for impacts against combat helmets. We used the DIC data to calculate a new metric; the available energy that could potentially impact a Soldier’s head. Our study shows that DIC data upholds the hypothesis that helmet BFD mechanically loads the skull similar to a direct impact from a less-than-lethal projectile or blunt object impact. The available energy obtained from DIC measurements was used to calculate the blunt criterion (BC) for helmet standoff distances of 12.7 mm (0.5 in) and 19.1 mm (0.75 in), which in turn can provide a prediction of the probability of abbreviated injury scale (AIS) levels and, in particular, skull fracture. DIC can be used to provide dynamic helmet performance data that will allow increased understanding of BFD and quantitative assessment and validation of helmet performance results. Knowledge of the conditions leading to head trauma obtained through DIC experimentation should enable the selection of new energy-absorbing materials for helmets; thus, allowing new helmet design candidate performances to be objectively evaluated. Test data and characterization of helmet response could then be used to achieve improved warfighter survivability.
Language Anxiety and Proficiency in a Foreign Language

Study examined the extent to which there would be differences in oral and written proficiency in a foreign language among groups of low-, average-, and high-anxious high school students. Participants were 60 girls attending a single-sex, college-preparatory high school and completing the second year of a foreign language course. Analysis showed over-all differences on measures of proficiency in the foreign language among the three groups. The results support the hypothesis that anxiety about foreign language learning is likely to represent students' differences in language learning.
FUNCTIONAL EQUATIONS IN THE THEORY OF DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING. V. POSITIVITY AND QUASI-LINEARITY.

Abstract : We determine conditions under which the solution of u(p) = Max sub q L(u,p,q)+a(p,q) may be written u(p) = Max sub q v(p,q), where v(p,q) is the solution of v(p) = L(v,p,q) +a(p,q) for arbitrary q = q(p). (Author)
The ins and outs of endocannabinoid signaling in healthy and diseased brain

The endocannabinoid signaling system regulates neuronal activity and glial cell function. While numerous studies exist on the pharmacology and coupling of cannabinoid receptors, only recently have fundamental questions been addressed regarding endocannabinoid metabolism and physiopathological function. These lipids can be independently produced and differentially activate cannabinoid 1 and 2 receptors, a diversity that creates a unique level of control of neuronal activity and glial cell functions. This review outlines our current understanding of this diversity, focusing on the stimuli that control endocannabinoid production in the brain under healthy and pathological conditions. By increasing this understanding, new pharmacological targets are likely be identified, some of which might be valuable for the treatment of neurological disease.
Alzheimer disease: measuring loss of cerebral gray matter with MR imaging.

The distributions of the cerebral gray matter, the white matter, and the intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured in 14 patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and in 14 healthy control subjects. The measurements, derived from two specifically designed magnetic resonance inversion-recovery sequences, compensate for partial signal averaging. The percentage of the gray matter in the brains of AD patients (44.9% +/- 4.4) was significantly lower than in control subjects (50.2% +/- 3.2). The most significant reduction (P less than .001) occurred in the temporal lobes (13.8%) and a central region (12.8); the reduction in frontal lobe (11.2%) and occipital lobe (9.2%) was also statistically significant (P less than .01). There was an increase in the CSF volume in the temporal, occipital, and frontal regions; no region showed a significant difference in the white matter content. The findings of diffuse changes and temporal lobe involvement in AD are consistent with pathologic observations of cortical cel...
Acculturation and Substance Use Among Hispanic Early Adolescents: Investigating the Mediating Roles of Acculturative Stress and Self-Esteem

We examined the extent to which Hispanic orientation and American orientation are associated with substance use (cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana) both directly and indirectly through acculturative stress and self-esteem. Participants were 347 Hispanic early adolescents (50.7% male; mean age = 12.57, SD = 0.92, range 11-15) from two middle schools in western Michigan. Findings showed that self-esteem emerged as the most consistent predictor of likelihood and extent of substance use. Ethnic identity was positively related to risk for substance use, and acculturative stress and self-esteem mediated the relationships of Hispanic cultural orientation to alcohol use. Self-esteem was the most important protective factor against substance use, and as such, we conclude that prevention programs designed to address precocious substance use that incorporate a self-esteem building component could prove useful among Hispanic early adolescents residing in monocultural contexts within the United States.
Integrating psychology within the globalizing world: A requiem to the post-modernist experiment with wissenschaft

Since the new beginning in 2007 of Integrative Psychological & Behavioral Science we have brought out to the open both the reasons why the ever-widening research enterprise in psychology has largely failed to produce general knowledge, and to point to promising new directions in the field. The post-modernist turn in psychology is now over, and it is an interesting task to return to creating a universal science of psychology that is context-sensitive, and culture-inclusive. The latter goal entails a renewed focus upon qualitative analyses of time-based processes, close attention to the phenomena under study, and systematic (single-system-based—usually labeled idiographic) focus in empirical investigations. Through these three pathways centrality of human experiencing of culturally constructed worlds is restored as the core of psychological science. Universal principles are evident in each and every single case. Transcending post-modernist deconstruction of science happens through active international participation and a renewed focus on creating general theories. Contemporary psychology is global in ways that no longer can any country’s socio-political world view dominate the field. Such international equality of contributions grants innovation of the core of the discipline, and safeguards it against assuming any single cultural myth-story as the axiomatic basis for the discipline.
The Role of Pelvic Floor Exercises on Post-Prostatectomy Incontinence

ABSTRACTPurpose: Post-radical prostatectomy incontinence occurs in 0.5% to 87% of patients. This condition may be attributable to intrinsic sphincteric deficiency, and/or detrusor abnormalities. Pr...
Markets come to bits: Evolution, computation and markomata in economic science

Based upon my previous historical work, I attempt to isolate and identify what appears to be a profound shift in the conception of the economy in recent economic research, focusing on five areas: mechanism design, zero-intelligence agents, ‘market microstructure’, engineering economics and artificial intelligence. The shift identified concerns treating markets as diverse algorithms, and will have profound effects upon the conceptual frames used to address the economy. Rather than deal in vague imponderables, in the paper we proceed to sketch the emergent outlines of the implicit alternative program of an evolutionary computational economics constructed from the theory of automata which situates the problematic existence of diverse market species at the very center of the research agenda, and not, as happens all too frequently, to relegate it to the margins of modern economic thought. The laws that are sought under the new paradigm are laws of the markets, not laws of human nature.
Reading Fluency and Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing Synthesis of the Research

The National Reading Panel identified fluency as one of the five essential components of reading. Fluency serves as a bridge between word recognition and comprehension. Individuals who are able to ...
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Findings from a Population-Based Survey

Abstract Purpose We sought to explore racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a population-based sample. Methods Data from the Oregon Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), a stratified, random sample of postpartum women who delivered in Oregon in 2004 and 2005 ( n = 3,883; weighted response rate, 75.2%) and linked birth certificates were analyzed. Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, and non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander (API) women were oversampled. We categorized women as having had GDM if they gave an affirmative answer on the birth certificate or the PRAMS survey. Results Non-Hispanic API women had the highest prevalence of GDM (14.8%); this was true for women with both a normal and a high body mass index (BMI). Asian women were more likely to have had GDM than Pacific Islander women. On multivariate analysis, non-Hispanic APIs were significantly more likely to have a pregnancy complicated by GDM (adjusted odds ratio, 2.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.23–4.13) than non-Hispanic White women. Conclusion Non-Hispanic API women, especially Asian women with both normal and high BMI, have increased risk of GDM. Future research should examine the unique risk factors experienced by Asians and health practitioners should be vigilant in screening for GDM regardless of BMI.
The influence of hyperoxia on the acute toxicity of paraquat and diquat

Hyperoxia has been shown to enhance the toxicity of the herbicide paraquat. Experiments were conducted to learn more about the effects of oxygen following acute poisoning with paraquat as well as the structurally related herbicide, diquat. Rats were injected intravenously with various doses of diquat or paraquat and placed into an atmosphere of either 100% oxygen or room air. The time required for 50% lethality (LT50) of both diquat and paraquat was greatly diminished by hyperoxia and was dependent upon the herbicide dosage. Rats treated with 40 or 80 mg/kg diquat and exposed to 100% oxygen had a shorter LT50 than those treated similarly with paraquat. A dose of 20 mg/kg was equitoxic in 100% oxygen while rats treated with 5 or 10 mg/kg diquat had a longer LT50 than rats treated with the same dose of paraquat. All animals exhibited severe respiratory distress terminally. The plasma concentrations and tissue distribution of either herbicide at 20 mg/kg were the same in oxygen and air exposed animals. When oxygen concentrations were varied between 100% and 60% rats treated with 20 mg/kg diquat or paraquat exhibited increasing but equal LT50's. In 40% oxygen diquat treated rats died more rapidly than paraquat treated rats. These data demonstrate a toxic interaction between hyperoxia and diquat as well as paraquat.
A Landscape Ecology Assessment of the Tensas River Basin

A group of landscape ecological indicators were applied to biophysical data masked to the Tensas River Basin. The indicators were used to identify and prioritize sources of nutrients in a Mississippi/Atchafalaya River System sub-basin. Remotely sensed data were used for change detection assessment. With these methods, we were able to look at land use practices over the past twenty years in the Tensas River Basin of Louisiana. A simple land use classification was applied to multispectral scanner (MSS) data from 1972 and 1991. The landscape analysis methods described in this paper will show how to use these methods to assess the impact of human land use practices that are being implemented to improve environmental quality. Landscape assessment methods can be used as a simple, timely, cost effective approach for monitoring, targeting, and modeling ecosystem health in watersh{nteds.} Although this study was conducted in the southeast, the methods described in this paper may be applicable to western landscapes.
Differentiating between adopter categories in the uses and gratifications for Internet services

Innovation among consumers of Internet services is different from the sort of innovative activity scholars have seen in other markets and with other technology adoption processes. Understanding the characteristics that differentiate the innovative early adopters of Internet technologies and services not only aids in understanding the adoption processes of later adopters, but also informs adaptation of online commercial offerings in order to more closely match the evolving needs and requirements of the heaviest users of the venue. Internet adoption has reached critical mass, and the remaining market growth to be found by online service providers will be among late adopters. This study, based on data from a broad sample of America Online customers, operationalizes adoption behavior along a continuum of user experience levels and helps to build an understanding of the differences between innovative early adopters, the profitable mainstream majority, and laggard technological adopters.
Clinical Implications of Internal Iliac Artery Embolization in Endovascular Repair of Aortoiliac Aneurysms

To overcome constraints imposed by iliac artery anatomy, the anatomic inclusion criteria for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair can be extended by means of intentional coil occlusion of one or both internal iliac arteries and extension of the distal limb of the graft into an external iliac artery. We reviewed our experience with this intervention to determine the safety and efficacy of this approach to aneurysm repair. Over a 30-month period, 84 patients underwent endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair; 23 underwent intentional unilateral (22) or bilateral (1) internal iliac artery occlusion. Morbidity, mortality, and long-term clinical outcomes were evaluated in these 23 patients. Patients were specifically questioned about exercise-induced buttock and extremity symptoms. Our results showed that intentional internal iliac artery embolization to allow endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms is accompanied by significant morbidity and should be approached with caution.
Utilizing Political Ideologies To Market A Political Candidate

This article explores the reductionist approach of political ideologies as used by political candidates, which is part of the common feature of political marketing. Understanding the value or belief system which is accepted as fact or truth by the targeted group, places the candidate in a position to promote them self as a well-intentioned, committed leader who seeks to motivate the audience to action. Modern marketing of political candidates begins by understanding central concepts of ideologies. The utilization of ideologies is complex, in that there is no single concept or claim revealing surprising affinities with various images of the candidate. It also has distinctive function, by misrepresenting the totality of the ideology by forming a total belief in the candidate versus the ideology in a particular way. People must commit or surrender to the demands of the candidate, thus making it possible for the candidate to get elected. The branding of the candidate while utilizing political ideologies in part disables people from easily disregarding information perceived to be antithetical to the concepts of the ideology (Quelch, 2007).
MLL amplification in myeloid malignancies: clinical, molecular, and cytogenetic findings

Structural rearrangements involving the MLL gene at 11q23 are common recurring abnormalities in de novo and therapy-related hematologic disorders. MLL rearrangement most often results from translocation or partial tandem duplication, although recent published reports suggest a different mechanism by which MLL might participate in leukemogenesis: MLL amplification. We report two patients with myeloid disorders who showed amplification of MLL at diagnosis and who, like the majority of reported cases, had an older age at onset and on aggressive clinical course. Additionally, we summarize the salient clinical, cytogenetic and molecular findings of the 29 other cases of MLL amplification that have thus far been reported.
A Radar Study of Convective Cells in Mesoscale Systems in GATE. Part I: Vertical Profile Statistics and Comparison with Hurricanes

Abstract This is Part I of a two-paper describing the structure of the vertical profile of radar reflectivity in convective cells which are of part of mesoscale convective systems in GATE. Earlier work has established that characteristic mean vertical velocities in such convective clouds in GATE were rather weak, <3–5 m s−1. The microphysical implications of the weak updrafts have been proposed to include the rarity of large particles above the freezing level. As a working hypothesis for these papers it is proposed that cells with weak updrafts have characteristic vertical reflectivity profiles exhibiting modest reflectivities at low levels, and decreasing rapidly with height above the freezing level. Vertical radar reflectivity profiles are compiled from 296 convective cells having at least 40 dBZ surface reflectivity, and it is found that the profiles are consistent with the above reasoning. The, mean profile is of modest strength—45 dBZ echo at the surface and a 20 dBZ echo top of 8.2 km, and the refle...
Differential contributions of the two cerebral hemispheres to the perception of happy and sad faces.

Abstract Emotional and neutral facial expressions of the same individual were presented simultaneously, one to each visual field, and subjects were required to identify the side containing the affective face. Reaction time was faster to right vs left visual field presentations when the expression was happy and vice versa when it was sad. The data support the hypothesis of differential hemispheric specialization for positive and negative emotion.
A Longitudinal Investigation of the Importance of Course Subjects in the Hospitality Curriculum: An Industry Perspective

Utilizing a longitudinal approach, this study examines the importance of course subjects in hospitality curriculum from the perspective of the industry professional and identifies changes in the importance of course subjects over the last 10 years using data collected in 2004, 2009, and 2014. Findings suggest that internship/industry experience, preparation for industry employment, leadership, hospitality management and organization, and ethics have been consistently ranked as the most important top five course subjects by industry professionals during the last 10 years. This study identifies a number of course subjects that have been decreasing in importance for the industry and a number of course subjects that have emerged as critical course subjects over time. The most important factor in developing a curriculum that ensures graduates’ success in their career is the hospitality program’s ability to deal with change. Suggestions and implications for hospitality programs are provided.
The Urinary Excretion of Sulfadiazine Determined with Thiobarbituric Acid, a New Specific Reagent.

SummaryThiobarbituric acid is a specific reagent for the determination of sulfadiazine (free or acetylated) among the sulfonamides because it reacts with the aminopyrimidine moiety. In most urines, however, the acetylated fraction which appears following the ingestion of sulfadiazine does not react unless the urine first be aged or be treated with a reducing agent. This suggests that the pyrimidine ring has been oxidized. Acetylsulfadiazine taken by mouth, when subsequently excreted in the urine, does not experience this change.
Saving the USA, and So Can You: FaceBucks to the Rescue

As ever, fiscal challenges seem always to loom large in the US psyche, or at least in US media, and are the subject of endless Congressional vs. White House debate and dithering. At one time, a few years ago, it was sequestration, intended to take effect 1 March 2013. At stake was $85 billion dollars of cuts, potentially furlowing a 100,000 governmental employees, bringing down the air traffic controllers and our nation’s flight system, to say nothing of the harm done to schools, student loans, and many other aspects of our daily lives.
Questions to Ask Your Medical Oncology Colleagues

Communication between the orthopedic surgeon and the medical oncologist can have the utmost ramifications for patients with metastatic disease. Good communication can prevent unnecessary surgery, predict challenges in the perioperative period, and produce optimal outcomes. This chapter is dedicated to identifying questions about the patient, the disease, the treatment, and the logistics of surgery that the orthopedic surgeon can ask the medical oncologist to reduce mistakes and miscommunications. This chapter is a framework for efficient, effective communication between providers that can prevent complications and improve outcomes.
Isomers of 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenethylamine (6-hydroxydopamine): long-term effects on the accumulation of (3H)-norepinephrine in mouse heart in vivo.

The immediate and long-term effects of the six isomeric trihydroxyphenethylamines and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyphenethylamine on the uptake and release of [3H]norepinephrine from storage sites in cardiac tissue of the mouse in vivo have been compared. In addition, the rate of autoxidation of these amines has been measured. The order of potency of the various isomers for inhibition of uptake is: 3,4,5 = 2,4,5 = 2,3,4 > 2,3,4,5 > 2,3,5 >> 2,4,6 > 2,3,6; the order of activity for release is: 2,4,5 = 3,4,5 > 2,3,5 > 2,3,4 > 2,3,4,5 >> 2,4,6 >> 2,3,6. The α-methyl derivative of the 2,4,5-isomer (6-hydroxydopamine) is nearly twice as effective as the parent amine as a releasing agent , while the N,N -dimethyl derivative is completely inactive. The order for rate of autoxidation is: 2,3,4,5 >> 2,3,5 = 2,3,6 = 2,4,5 = N,N -dimethyl-2,4,5 > 2,3,4 > 3,4,5 >> 2,4,6. Only the 2,4,5-isomer, the α-methyl derivative of the 2,4,5-isomer, the 2,3,5-isomer, and the 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyphenethylamine cause long-term reduction in the cardiac uptake of [3H]norepinephrine. These results support the hypothesis that neurodegeneration can only be initiated when a critical intraneuronal concentration of a readily autoxidizable amine is attained as a direct result of an affinity of the amine for the active uptake process at the neuronal membrane. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors wish to acknowledge the expert technical assistance of Ms. Elizabeth McNeal.
Substance P enhances NMDA channel function in hippocampal dentate gyrus granule cells.

Lieberman, David N. and Istvan Mody. Substance P enhances NMDA channel function in hippocampal dentate gyrus granule cells. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 113–119, 1998. Substance P (SP)–containing afferents...
Southwestern Indian Gold Jewelry

ABSTRACTGold jewelry among Southwestern Indians enjoyed a long and rich background of shell (ca. 9,000 years ago), turquoise (several centuries B.C.), and silver (a.d. 1850s). Charles Loloma, Hopi, was the first to use gold, in 1953. Quickly a variety of materials from around the world was added, lapis lazuli, onyx, ivory, chariote, and amethyst, among others. To inherited silver technologies were added a few specialties in gold. Basic forms, necklaces, bracelets, rings, earrings, buckles, and watch bands, remained the same; many of these deviated from symmetry in silver to free forms in gold. Formal designing became more necessary in the precious metal, sometimes with the efforts of separate designer and craftsman creating a single piece. Thus Indian gold jewelry has frequently passed from tribal into world-wide styles. Among the many fine Southwestern Indian goldsmiths today are Loloma; Preston Monongye, Hopi, and son Jessie, part Navajo; Ted Charveze, Isleta Pueblo; Gisbon Nez, Lee Yazzie, and James Li...
Re)Fractioning Singularity

Attempts to move away from viewing queer college students’ identities in a singular fashion (e.g., sexual orientation) necessitates analytical, theoretical, and conceptual tools to understand the dynamic, multifaceted features of identities. The authors propose the queered metaphor of (re)fractioning singularity as a broad category of theoretical approaches which includes, but is not limited to, Intersectionality, Model of Multiple Dimensions of Identity, and Borderlands Theory. In this chapter, the authors encourage queer studies scholars in higher education to deviate from normalized conceptualizations of identity and to (re)fract singular notions of identity. They urge thoughtful consideration about the applicability of each of these perspectives, encouraging scholars to read the primary texts, consider the epistemological and ontological assumptions made, and to determine the applicability to one’s research or praxis context.
Trust and information sharing: ISACs and U.S. Policy†

Sharing rather than obscurity appears to be the contemporary consensus about how to create increasingly secure cyber systems. Nevertheless, in its contemporary form, national cyber defence planning...