cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of segmental mandibular defects by distraction osteogenesis for mandibular reconstruction

Background. Distraction osteogenesis is an established technique for the lengthening of long bones and correction of selected craniofacial deformities. Regenerate osteoid bone matrix formed during the distraction phase is malleable and can recreate the three-dimensional form of native bones. Animal experiments and early clinical experience have confirmed that distraction osteogenesis can be used for the reconstruction of segmental bony defects. Herein we discuss the principles of distraction osteogenesis in reference to reconstruction of segmental bony defects and report its clinical application of the mandible continuity defects. Patients and Methods. Four patients (age, 7–83 years) with critical segmental mandibular defects (range, 3.5 cm–6.5 cm), resulting from ablative oncologic head and neck surgery underwent primary mandibular reconstruction by transport distraction osteogenesis. Two defects were at the angle and body region, one at the body, and the other at the parasymphysis and body region. Synthes Titanium Multi-vector and Leibinger Multi-guide distractors in bifocal (n = 2) and trifocal (n = 2) architecture were used after the stabilization of the segmental continuity defect using a defect-bridging mandibular reconstruction plate. Osteodistraction was carried out at a rate of 1 mm per day, with once or twice a day rhythm, after a 1-week latency period. The consolidation period was equal to the period of distraction. Results. All patients tolerated the distraction procedure. Satisfactory bone formation was observed in two patients, and partial bone formation was seen in one patient. Treatment failure was encountered in one patient who had a second oral cavity primary tumor observed during the consolidation period, requiring interruption of the treatment sequence. Conclusions. Mandibular reconstruction with distraction osteogenesis is a potentially useful technique in selected patients with segmental mandibular continuity defects after ablative head and neck cancer surgery. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head and Neck 25: 816–824, 2003
Lactational amenorrhea in monkeys: effects of suckling on prolactin secretion.

To determine the acute and chronic effects of suckling on maternal PRL secretion in monkeys, five motherinfant pairs were studied longitudinally on days 40, 80, 120, and 10 after weaning (day 160). Mothers were chronically cannulated and, during blood collections, wore protective nylon vests with mobile tethers. Studies were undertaken during the day and night with the mother and infant undisturbed, during the daytime, before and after the removal of the infant, and during the day and night before and after the reunion of mother and infant. Maternal PRL levels were significantly (P ≪ 0.05) higher at night than during the day in undisturbed mother-infant pairs. This nocturnal elevation was probably induced by a more intensive interaction of the mother and infant at night than during the day. Basal PRL concentrations in samples collected during these undisturbed settings significantly (P ≪ 0.05) declined as the postpartum interval continued. The removal of the infant did not perturb maternal PRL patterns. T...
Complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 8-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-methyl-1α,4α,4aα,8β,8aα-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5(1H)-one

Diels–Alder cycloaddition of a mixture of 1- and 2-methylcyclopentadienes (1a and 1b, respectively) to 2-methoxy-p-benzoquinone (2) gave a mixture of isomeric endo [4 + 2] cycloadducts (3a–3d). Fractional recrystallization of this product mixture from EtOAc-hexane gave 6-methoxy-1-methyl-1α,4α,4aα,8aα-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalene-5,8-dione (3a). Reaction of 3a with NaBH4 in the presence of cerium(III) chloride resulted in the selective reduction of the less hindered CO group in 3a, thereby affording 8-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-methyl-1α,4α,4aα,8β,8aα-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5(1H)-one (4). The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 4, a novel tricyclic ketoalcohol, have been completely assigned by using a combination of one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques.
Pricing and scheduling decisions with leadtime flexibility

This paper studies a problem faced by a manufacturer who has the ability to set prices to influence demand, reject orders, and set leadtimes or due-dates for accepted orders. We present decision models that integrate pricing and production decisions for the cases where the manufacturer charges the same price or different prices to different customers. Through numerical analyses, we present insights regarding the benefits of price customization, leadtime, and inventory flexibilities, in various demand environments.
Targeted Expression of Calmodulin Increases Ventricular Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis during Mouse Development

The cell signaling pathways that control ventricular cardiomyocyte proliferation during development are poorly understood. Here we show that increasing levels of the ubiquitous Ca2+ receptor calmodulin (CaM) can regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation in vivo. Targeted overexpression of calmodulin in the heart during embryonic development leads to a 37% or a 79% increase in the number of ventricular myocytes present at embryonic d 17 in mice heterozygous or homozygous for the transgene, respectively. Whereas all homozygous mice die within 10 d after birth, most of the heterozygous mice survive even though they contain 40% more ventricular myocytes relative to the wild-type mice throughout development and into adulthood. The CaM transgene continues to be overexpressed postnatally and, although cell proliferation ceases soon after birth, the elevated levels of CaM lead to an increase in DNA synthesis, which correlates with an increase in the degree of ventricular myocyte polyploidy. Only after proliferation ha...
A study of color in dissertations and theses

This study examined the occurrence of color in dissertations and theses produced at the Pennsylvania State University over a nine year period. Since the most common preservation method for dissertations and theses is monochromatic microfilming, traditional treatment may result in a loss of information encoded in color in these resources. Results indicate a significant increase in the use of color over the time period studied. Variations in the amount of color use by discipline were also observed. Implications related to monochromatic microfilming and recommendations for long term preservation are discussed.
Improved Slepian-Wolf exponents via Witsenhausen's rate

We provide new achievable error exponents for the problem of source coding with full side information at the decoder. In some instances our exponent strictly improves upon the previous applicable results of Csiszar; Oohama and Han; and the “expurgated” exponent of Csiszar and Korner. Our improvement follows from studying the growth rate of the chromatic number of strong (and) product graphs via a new information-theoretic functional on a graph. We also give an upper bound on Witsenhausen's rate, i.e. the zero error rate for the problem of source coding with full side information at the decoder. An application of our functional to zero-error channel capacity is also given.
DARP: Distance-aware relay placement in WiMAX mesh networks

The emerging WiMAX technology (IEEE 802.16) is the fourth generation standard for low-cost, high-speed and long-range wireless communications for a large variety of civilian and military applications. IEEE 802.16j has introduced the concept of mesh network model and a special type of node called Relay Station (RS) for traffic relay for Subscriber Stations (SSs). A WiMAX mesh network is able to provide larger wireless coverage, higher network capacity and Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) communications. This paper studies a Distance-Aware Relay Placement (DARP) problem in WiMAX mesh networks, which considers a more realistic model that takes into account physical constraints such as channel capacity, signal strength and network topology, which were largely ignored in previous studies. The goal here is to deploy the minimum number of RSs to meet system requirements such as user data rate requests, signal quality and network topology. We divide the DARP problem into two sub-problems, LOwer-tier Relay Coverage (LORC) Problem and Minimum Upper-tier Steiner Tree (MUST) Problem. For LORC problem, we present two approximation algorithms based on independent set and hitting set, respectively. For MUST problem, an efficient approximation algorithm is provided and proved. Then, an approximation solution for DARP is proposed and proved which combines the solutions of the two sub-problems. We also present numerical results confirming the theoretical analysis of our schemes as the first solution for the DARP problem.
Female breast radiation exposure during CT pulmonary angiography.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to estimate the effective radiation dose to the female breast during CT pulmonary angiography compared with other routine diagnostic imaging techniques.MATERIALS AND METHODS. We retrospectively reviewed the demographic data of patients who underwent CT pulmonary angiography between May 2000 and December 2002, the diagnostic yield of those studies, and the estimated effective radiation dose to the breast incurred during CT. The estimated effective radiation dose was calculated using the ImPACT CT (Impact Performance Assessment of CT) dosimetry calculator and the CT dose index (CTDI) and was compared with the average glandular dose for two-view screening mammography.RESULTS. During the study period, 1,325 CT pulmonary angiograms were obtained. Sixty percent (797) of the scans were obtained on female patients. The mean age of scanned females was 52.5 years (range, 15–93 years). Of the studies performed in females, 401 (50.31%) were negative, 151 (18.95%) were nondiag...
THE CORRELATED EVOLUTION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE DAMSELFLIES

For many taxa, species are defined by the morphologies of reproductive structures. In many odonates, these structures are the cerci of males (used to hold females during mating) and the thoracic plates of females where the male cerci contact the females' bodies. A previous study showed that the shapes of cerci of Enallagma males (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae) are best explained by an evolutionary model of punctuated change at the time of speciation, with a homogeneous rate of change across the entire phylogeny of the genus. In the present study, we examine the evolution of shape change in the corresponding female plates. We found that, like male cerci, the shapes of Enallagma female thoracic plates could best be explained by an evolutionary model of punctuated change at the time of speciation, with a homogeneous rate of change across the clade. Moreover, the evolutionary contrasts quantifying the rates of change in male cerci and female thoracic plates were positively related across the history of the clade, demonstrating that these male and female structures evolve in a correlated fashion. This pattern of evolution suggests that these structures are primary signals of species identity during mating.
Supporting User Interfaces in Ubiquitous Virtual Reality

Ubiquitous Virtual Reality focuses on the widespread access of digital information to the user with the fusion and extension of a number of computer science disciplines. This paper will focus on ways users can conveniently and easily transfer between these different modes of interacting with digital information. Each of these domains has a particular display and interaction technologies that current support their form of information presentation. In additional these domains have software and metaphor support for their user interfaces. This paper will focus on methodologies to perform a number of tasks: 1) transitions between different presentations of information, 2) unifying technologies to better bring together these domains, and 3) articulate the important aspects of interactions within a Ubiquitous Virtual Reality system.This paper will explore a number of possible technologies, such as input devices, clipboard technologies, and software frameworks. The paper will also highlight areas that need future exploration and possible pitfalls to avoid.
Effect of microstructure on the performance of stressed cadmium telluride photovoltaic (PV) devices

Our group has demonstrated a commercially viable, continuous, in-line process to fabricate PV devices with efficiencies of 13% on a low iron soda-lime glass (3„×3„) with anti-reflection coatings. The process has been extended to large area devices (16„×16„ substrate size). In this paper we present our results on the microstructural features of PV devices subjected to stress conditions. The results help to gain insight into the stability and lifetime of CdTe PV modules.
Winter Habitat Selection by Caribou in Relation to Lichen Abundance, Wildfires, Grazing, and Landscape Characteristics in Northwest Alaska

Lichens are an important winter forage for large, migratory herds of caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) that can influence population dynamics through effects on body condition and in turn calf recruitment and survival. We investigated the vegetative and physiographic characteristics of winter range of the Western Arctic Herd in northwest Alaska, one of the largest caribou herds in North America. We made 3 broad comparisons: habitats used by caribou versus random locations, burned versus unburned habitats, and habitats within the current winter range versus those in the historic winter range and potential winter ranges. We found that lichen abundance was more than 3 times greater at locations used by caribou than found at random. The current winter range does not appear to be overgrazed as a whole, but continued high grazing pressure and consequences of climate change on plant community structure might degrade its condition. Within the current winter range, lichen abundance was more than 4 times greater at unburned locations than at recently (< 58 y) burned locations. Other than lichen abundance, there were few vegetative differences between burned (mean = 37 ± 1.7 y) and unburned locations. The historic winter range has low lichen abundance, likely due to sustained grazing pressure exerted by the herd, which suggests that range deterioration can lead to range shifts. Recovery of this range may be slowed by continued grazing and trampling during migration of caribou to and from their current winter range, as well as by high wildfire frequency and other consequences of climate change. The area identified as potential winter range is unlikely to be utilized regularly by large numbers of caribou primarily due to low lichen abundance associated with extensive deciduous stands, large areas of riparian habitat, high moose (Alces alces) densities, and greater prevalence of wildfire. Our results suggest that lichens are important in the overwintering ecology of caribou that face the energetic costs of predator avoidance and migration.
Mechanisms for the Testicular Hypertrophy Which Follows Hemicastr ation

The hormonal and testicular effects of hemicastration have been examined using rodent models. When rats were hemicastrated at 5 days of age, significant testicular hypertrophy was noted within 5 days. Hypertrophy decreased as the age at hemicastration approached 20 days and did not occur in rats 45 days of age or older. The changes in testicular weight were associated with significant (P less than 0.001) increases in serum FSH values from 10-20 days, but no significant alterations in the intratesticular concentration of testosterone occurred. Hemicastration also caused significant hypertrophy in testes depleted of germ cells. This was reflected by a substantial increase in testicular protein and DNA when compared to intact controls at 10, 15, and 20 days of age; however, the concentration of protein/microgram DNA was increased only at 15 days. These data indicate that 1) changes in serum FSH and not intratesticular testosterone are associated with the testicular hypertrophy which follows unilateral castration of immature animals; 2, a significant proportion of the hypertrophy can be attributed to non-germinal cells, the Sertoli cell being the prime candidate;3) the increase in testicular weight is primarily the result of an increase in cell number.
Mentalism, disability rights and modern eugenics in a 'brave new world'

What are some of the implications of the various ways in which contemporary allopathic medicine is presumably ‘treating’ or aiming to ‘prevent’ the development of certain mental health ‘concerns’, often labeled ‘illnesses’? In this essay the co‐authors adopt the position that ‘mainstream’ medicine seems to be taking some dangerous turns and that these turns have serious potential consequences for human variance and diversity. The authors believe that genetic testing and medication for bipolar disorder are problematic illustrations of the ways in which a ‘brave new world’ is now being foreshadowed and, unfortunately, will perhaps be realized in the near future. In order to frame our discussion, we incorporate close readings of literary and cinematic texts. The essay is situated by a discussion regarding ‘mentalism’ and the consumer/survivor/ex‐patient rights and disability rights movements. Specific implications for the fields of social work, rehabilitation and mental health practice are discussed.
Abstract WP93: CD4+ T Helper Cell Mediated Regulation Of Cerebral Ischemia In Vitamin D Deficient Rats

Stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide, and Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased stroke risk, severity, and mortality. Vitamin D potently regulates the immune system and the post-stroke inflammatory response plays a critical role in ischemia-induced CNS pathogenesis; and neuroimmune interactions in the CNS and periphery regulate the nature, extent, and duration of inflammation. Previous studies from this lab indicate that Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) exacerbates ischemic cell loss and sensory motor behavioral deficits in adult rats subject to middle cerebral artery occlusion, an experimental stroke model. Changes in inflammatory cytokines post-ischemia included increased TGF-β expression in both groups but significantly higher IL-6 expression in VDD ischemic cortical tissues than control levels. Increased IL-6 levels in the presence of TGF-β is known to induce pathogenic CD4+ Th17 cell development and suppress neuroprotective Treg generation. In the present studies we used flow cytometry to examine Th17 and Treg subsets in ischemic cortical and splenic tissues. Flow cytometry indicated that VDD rats had significantly less activated Treg cells in ischemic cortical and splenic tissue, while Th17 activation was significantly increased in VDD ischemic cortical tissue. Due to the dysregulation of Treg:Th17 subsets in VDD animals post-stroke and the recently recognized role of the spleen and peripheral nervous system in ischemia-associated neurodegeneration we hypothesized that adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells harvested from the spleen of control animals 2d post-stroke to the VDD group acutely following middle cerebral artery occlusion (4h) may provide key neuroimmune regulatory elements and/or neuroprotective immune cells and secretions. We found that splenic CD4+ adoptive transfer to VDD rats 4h post-stroke markedly improved infarct volume, survival, and behavioral performance as compared with VDD animals injected with vehicle alone. Together, these results suggest that peripheral immune status significantly influences stroke severity and that acute manipulation of the peripheral immune system post-stroke can prevent or ameliorate inflammation-associated neurodegeneration.
Predicting Response to Therapy for Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases Using a Folate Receptor-Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescent Imaging Agent

Although current therapies for many inflammatory/autoimmune diseases are effective, a significant number of patients still exhibit only partial or negligible responses to therapeutic intervention. Since prolonged use of an inadequate therapy can result in both progressive tissue damage and unnecessary expense, methods to identify nonresponding patients are necessary. Four murine models of inflammatory disease (rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, pulmonary fibrosis, and atherosclerosis) were induced, treated with anti-inflammatory agents, and evaluated for inflammatory response. The mice were also injected intraperitoneally with OTL0038, a folate receptor-targeted near-infrared dye that accumulates in activated macrophages at sites of inflammation. Uptake of OTL0038 in inflamed lesions was then correlated with clinical measurements of disease severity. OTL0038 accumulated at sites of inflammation in all four animal models. More importantly, changes in lesion-associated OTL0038 preceded changes in clinical symptoms in mice treated with all anti-inflammatory drugs examined. OTL0038 has the ability to predict responses to multiple therapies in four murine models of inflammation.
Introduction: Segment States in the Developing World

Abstract Philip Roeder's Where Nation-states Come From: Institutional Change in the Age of Nationalism identifies a causal relationship between the creation of segment states within a country's borders and the heightened likelihood of both nation-state crises and state disintegration. This paper provides a summary of the key aspects of Roeder's theoretical argument. It also introduces the four country case studies that appear later in this volume, considering how they may serve as a means to evaluate the degree to which Roeder's theory provides an accurate depiction of the political dynamics within countries that contain segment states.
Phytoremediation for lightly toxic sites: Hazard perception and acceptance of remediation alternatives

ABSTRACTIndividuals perceive environmental hazards based on their own knowledge and experience. While much research has been conducted to examine the factors affecting hazard perceptions, there is a lack of understanding about the particular contexts or factors that influence public acceptance of hazard mitigation alternatives. Without this knowledge, expert groups cannot effectively communicate with the public and help them consider the use of emerging technologies to alleviate hazardous conditions. This study investigates the influence of perceived pollution hazard levels in abandoned industrial sites as well as knowledge levels of stakeholder groups on the acceptance of different types of remediation strategies. I compare local residents' perceptions with those of graduate students majoring in landscape architecture. The study results found that lower hazard levels were associated with a higher acceptance of on-site natural attenuation, the so-called phytoremediation, with students being significantly ...
Biosatellite 3: a physiological interpretation.

On 28 June 1969, a macaque monkey was boosted into orbit for a projected 30-day flight. It was aborted after 8 1/2 days and the monkey died 16 hours later. Data collected indicate: Weightlessness and the hypothermia acted to shift blood volume centrally; this provided a strong drive for the reduction of blood volume. Restraint, unusual vestibular sensations, and the continuing polydipsia all acted to disturb the central mechanisms affecting salt and water metabolism; it is probable that the function of the kidney was significantly affected and that an excessive amount of salt was lost. We can speculate that a serious electrolyte disturbance was superimposed on growing dehydration. Unpleasant vestibular sensations may have contributed to the high evaporative loss by autonomic disturbance, the whole problem being compounded and reinforced by the unnatural restraint to which the monkey was subjected. Language: en
Water Deficit Effects on Non-Stomatal Mediated Photosynthesis

In several recently published reviews dealing with water deficit effects on photosynthesis (Farquhar, Sharkey, 1982; Hanson, Hitz, 1982) the possibility was raised that stress induced lesions other than increased stomatal resistance to CO2 uptake might at least partially contribute to inhibitions of photosynthesis in water stressed crop plants. Supporting this contention, Plaut (1971) has found that reduced reaction medium ψπ (simulating in vivo cellular dehydration) inhibited photosynthesis in isolated chloroplasts. These data indicate that dehydration adversely affects the basic biochemical processes which facilitate CO2 assimilation.
The Hexadehydro-Diels–Alder Cycloisomerization Reaction Proceeds by a Stepwise Mechanism

We report here experiments showing that the hexadehydro-Diels–Alder (HDDA) cycloisomerization reaction proceeds in a stepwise manner—i.e., via a diradical intermediate. Judicious use of substituent effects was decisive. We prepared (i) a series of triyne HDDA substrates that differed only in the R group present on the remote terminus of the diynophilic alkyne and (ii) an analogous series of dienophilic alkynes (n-C7H15COC≡CR) for use in classical Diels–Alder (DA) reactions (with 1,3-cyclopentadiene). The R groups were CF3, CHO, COMe/Et, CO2Me, CONMe2/Et2, H, and 1-propynyl. The relative rates of both the HDDA cyclization reactions and the simple DA cycloadditions were measured. The reactivity trends revealed a dramatic difference in the behaviors of the CF3 (slowest HDDA and nearly fastest DA) and 1-propynyl (fastest HDDA and slowest DA) containing members of each series. These differences can be explained by invoking radical-stabilizing energies rather than electron-withdrawing effects as the dominating ...
Commentary on Section 2: Attending to Teachers in Mathematics Teacher Education Research

The four chapters in this section report on studies of teacher beliefs, identity, knowledge, and/or learning. Individually and collectively, these chapters make clear the central role that teachers play in shaping student learning. In this chapter, I identify implications of these studies for teacher education, including the need for teacher educators to embrace reality, facilitate discourse, abandon deficit models of teachers, and recognize multiplicity. I also describe the lessons these studies offer for future research with teachers, including the need to borrow research methods from other disciplines, listen to teachers, avoid deficit language, and build on prior research.
Clarifying renal clearance by visualizing virtual volumes.

learning renal clearance can be difficult. We have found that many students have trouble with the concept of virtual volume that is cleared per minute. A second problem is that many students do not have the mathematical background and abstract conceptual practice to easily grasp the math involved in
Large scale expansion of mobile elements in specific hotspot regions of the German outbreak _Escherichia coli_ O104:H4

The outbreak strain of _E. coli_ O104:H4 has been sequenced by several groups and made available publicly for CrowdSourcing purposes. Genome comparisons of the complete finished sequence of TY2482 (BGI), have been made with the draft assemblies of c22711 (PacBio) and an historical outbreak strain from 2001 (U. Munster & Life Technologies). A plasmid, pTY2, carrying the _agg_ operon specifying the genes for aggregative adherence fimbriae reveals a frameshift in a gene, _aggB_, that may result in altered binding _in vivo_ compared to the unframeshifted state. Comparisons additionally reveal the presence of genomic islands specific to the outbreak strain relative to other sequenced _E. coli_ strains. These regions, and islands shared with the closest previously sequenced relative _E. coli_ 55989 have been analyzed for insertion sequences and transposable elements. Several islands found in the above strains that are not present in other sequenced _E. coli_ are found to harbor a large-scale expansion of mobile elements that are by and large confined to these hotspot or permissive areas of the chromosome. The implication is that these regions are in genomic flux and may represent specific areas of future concern due to the possibility of mobilisation of the associated genomic features likely responsible for the pathogenic features and antibiotic resistance seen in these strains.
Equipment: Properties and Performance

Although the modern ski is the result of perhaps 4000 years of evolutionary development, only in the past 50 years or so have skis, boots, bindings, and other equipment been consciously designed to operate together as a unit, and thus allow the lower leg to transmit to the ski the forces and torques necessary for precise control on steep downhill pitches. There are now dozens of different types of skis and boots designed for different types of skiing. By far the greatest number of skis and boots are produced for alpine skiing, which includes such varied types of skiing as downhill, giant slalom, slalom, and general recreation skiing. Each of these pursuits calls for skis with special features and characteristics. After alpine skiing, the general group of nordic skis designed for use on prepared tracks includes touring skis, diagonal stride skis, and freestyle skate skis. Cross-country skiers who venture off the prepared tracks may use free-heel skis, such as the telemark racing types, which are similar to some of the alpine racing models; general backcountry touring skis; or mountaineering skis designed to be used in untracked snow of any kind. Finally, consider that with very few exceptions the basic maneuvers used by snowboarders are much the same as those used by skiers, so a section of this chapter discusses the physical features of snowboard equipment.
Information Leakage in Arbiter Protocols

Resource sharing while preserving privacy is an increasingly important problem due to a wide-scale adoption of cloud computing. Under multitenancy, it is common to have multiple mutually distrustful “processes” (e.g. cores, threads, etc.) running on the same system simultaneously. This paper explores a new approach for automatically identifying and quantifying the information leakage in protocols that arbitrate utilization of shared resources between processes. Our approach is based on symbolic execution of arbiter protocols to extract constraints relating adversary observations to victim requests, then using model counting constraint solvers to quantify the information leaked. We present enumerative and optimized methods of exact model counting, and apply our methods to a set of nine different arbiter protocols, quantifying their leakage under different scenarios and allowing for informed comparison.
Domestic abuse treatment perspective that builds client voice and skills in a court-ordered environment.

Building client voice in men who abuse to reduce dropout and improve outcomes in domestic abuse treatment continues to challenge. This mixed-method study examined the implementation of the Outcome ...
A phase II randomized, open label study of sipuleucel-T versus sipuleucel-T and tasquinimod in patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

TPS5110 Background: A barrier for cancer immunotherapy is the presence of suppressive cells including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). Tasquinimod i...
The impact of spatially-variable basal properties on outlet glacier flow

Abstract The spatially variable basal flow law suggested by geophysical data from Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica produces modeled ice-flow response to warming that differs notably from the response of commonly assumed spatially uniform flow laws, with implications for future sea-level rise. Unlike many ice-sheet outlets, Thwaites flows across rather than along prominent topography, with hard stoss faces where form drag is understood to give a low-stress-exponent basal flow law and soft lee-side tills likely to give nearly-plastic behavior. Applying the PSU 2-D higher-order flowline model to a range of idealized Thwaites-like topographies, we test the impact of nearly plastic, nearly viscous, and spatially variable basal rheology on forced grounding-line evolution. In agreement with previous findings, for spatially uniform basal rheology, the timing and rate of grounding-line retreat depend strongly on the bed exponent, with plastic rheology promoting longer stability at the current grounding line but faster retreat once destabilized. Additionally, we find that retreat over mixed-rheology beds is sensitive to the wavelength of the basal topography. For outlet-glacier flow across long-wavelength bumps (≳10 km), behavior falls between that for uniform viscous and plastic beds, yet closer to plastic. However, over shorter-wavelength topography, at times, grounding-line retreat is slower than for either uniform-rheology end-member. Accurately accounting for variable basal conditions in ice-sheet models thus is critical for improving projections of both the timing and magnitude of retreat.
Circulating Hybrid Cells Join the Fray of Circulating Cellular Biomarkers.

Gastrointestinal cancers account for more cancer-related deaths than any other organ system, owing in part to difficulties in early detection, treatment response assessment, and post-treatment surveillance. Circulating biomarkers hold the promise for noninvasive liquid biopsy platforms to overcome these obstacles. Although tumors shed detectable levels of degraded genetic material and cellular debris into peripheral blood, identifying reproducible and clinically relevant information from these analytes (eg, cell-free nucleotides, exosomes, proteins) has proven difficult. Cell-based circulating biomarkers also present challenges, but have multiple advantages including allowing for a more comprehensive tumor analysis, and communicating the risk of metastatic spread. Circulating tumor cells have dominated the cancer cell biomarker field with robust evidence in extraintestinal cancers; however, establishing their clinical utility beyond that of prognostication in colorectal and pancreatic cancers has remained elusive. Recently identified novel populations of tumor-derived cells bring renewed potential to this area of investigation. Cancer-associated macrophage-like cells, immune cells with phagocytosed tumor material, also show utility in prognostication and assessing treatment responsiveness. In addition, circulating hybrid cells are the result of tumor–macrophage fusion, with mounting evidence for a role in the metastatic cascade. Because of their relative abundance in circulation, circulating hybrid cells have great potential as a liquid biomarker for early detection, prognostication, and surveillance. In all, the power of the cell reaches beyond enumeration by providing a cellular source of tumor DNA, RNA, and protein, which can be harnessed to impact overall survival.
Numerical study on how heterogeneity affects ultrasound high harmonics generation

Finite element models with explicitly modelled mesoscale heterogeneity in material are introduced to numerically investigate the correlation between the ultrasonic higher harmonics and plastic defo...
Ship HVAC System Analysis and Optimization Tool

We propose a versatile ship HVAC system analysis and optimization tool by combining vemESRDC, a dynamic system-level ship thermal management tool, and a complete vapor compression refrigeration model developed based on the classical $\varepsilon$ –NTU method in the quasi-steady-state approximation. The mathematical background of each model is summarized herein for congruity while the numerical coupling is discussed in detail. Subsequently, we present an application example wherein the coupled tool is employed to size a shipboard chiller subject to design and operational constraints faced by a notional all-electric ship and its thermal loads. The dynamic chiller behavior is then examined as a function of ship operation modes, namely, shore, cruise, and battle mode, while an ant colony optimizer is used to control the chiller to achieve the desired chilled water temperature. Simulation results verify the numerical coupling and demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed tool as well as the robustness of the ant colony optimizer for control purposes.
Abstract WMP97: Acute Cerebral Ischemia After Aggressive Blood Pressure Reduction in Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage: How Low Can You Go?

Introduction: Despite studies of aggressive blood pressure reduction in primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the potential for inducing ischemia remains a concern. The primary objective of this ...
Test Results of IEEE 1588v2 Network Synchronization Holdover Performance using Various Types of Reference Oscillators

This paper explores holdover in an IEEE 1588v2 application. Lab measurements were taken on a reference design configured as a telecom boundary clock (T-BC) comparing the short- and long-term holdover performance of the node when using a TCXO, OCXO, and age-compensated DOCXO, as its reference oscillator. Measurements were taken both with, and without the assistance of a physical layer clock. The results show that when a physical layer clock (e.g. SyncE) is provided, the node meets the ITU-T Recommendation (G.8273.2) [1] for short-term holdover. For this paper, long-term holdover (24-hour) performance is based on the end-to-end LTE-TDD small cell mobile network requirements. When a physical layer clock is provided, the long-term holdover performance is highly dependent on the average drift rate of the PTP clock at the time when this clock is lost and much less dependent on the stability of the local reference oscillator. However, for long-term holdover, when a physical layer clock is not provided, the type of reference oscillator used becomes extremely important and only by employing an age-compensated oscillator was the 24-hour phase error requirement successfully achieved.
Relationship over reproach: Fostering resilience by embracing a trauma-informed approach to elementary education

The purpose of this investigation was to explore the impact of trauma on student behavior and learning at a local elementary school; to identify Trauma-Informed Approach (TIA) educator supports; an...
Sulfur transfer reactions of a zinc tetrasulfanido complex

A zinc tetrasulfanido complex supported by a bis(carboxamide)pyridine ligand framework has been synthesized by the insertion of elemental sulfur into the zinc-S(thiolate) bond of a zinc dithiolate complex ([LZn]2-). This paper reports on sulfur transfer reactions of this polysulfanido complex ([1]2-) and compares this behavior to known reactions of metal polysulfido complexes. Complex [1]2- was demonstrated to be in exchange with [LZn]2- and free elemental sulfur in solution. Although triphenylphosphine abstracts sulfur from [1]2- to form [LZn]2-, complex [LZn]2- can abstract sulfur from the zinc polysulfido complex (TMEDA)ZnS6 (TMEDA = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine). The tetrasulfanido complex [1]2- can also transfer sulfur to dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to form a zinc dithiolene complex. These studies demonstrate that the zinc complex with a tetrasulfanido moiety can undergo similar reactions as metal complexes with purely inorganic polysulfido groups, although the final metal-containing products are different.
Simulations reveal how M-currents and memory-based inputs from CA3 enable single neuron mismatch detection for EC3 inputs to the CA1 subfield of hippocampus.

Significant evidence has accumulated to support the hypothesis that hippocampal region CA1 operates as an associative mismatch detector (e.g., Hasselmo ME, Schnell E, Barkai E. J Neurosci 15: 5249-5262, 1995; Duncan K, Curtis C, Davachi L. J Neurosci 29: 131-139, 2009; Kumaran D, Maguire EA. J Neurosci 27: 8517-8524, 2007; Lisman JE, Grace AA. Neuron 46: 703-713, 2005; Lisman JE, Otmakhova NA. Hippocampus 11: 551-568 2001; Lorincz A, Buzsaki G. Ann N Y Acad Sci 911: 83-111, 2000; Meeter M, Murre JMJ, Talamini LM. Hippocampus 14: 722-741, 2004; Schiffer AM, Ahlheim C, Wurm MF, Schubotz RI. PLoS One 7: e36445, 2012; Vinogradova OS. Hippocampus 11: 578-598 2001). CA1 compares predictive synaptic signals from CA3 with synaptic signals from EC3, which reflect actual sensory inputs. The new CA1 pyramidal model presented here shows that the distal-proximal segregation of synaptic inputs from EC3 versus CA3, along with other biophysical features, enable such pyramids to serve as comparators that switch output encoding from a brief burst, for a match, to prolonged tonic spiking, for a mismatch. By including often-overlooked features of CA1 pyramidal neurons, this new model allows simulation of pharmacological effects that can eliminate either the match (phasic mode) response or the mismatch (tonic mode) response. These simulations reveal that dysfunctions can arise from either too much or too little ACh stimulation of the muscarinic receptors that control KCNQ channels. Additionally, a dysfunction caused by administration of an N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist could be rescued by simultaneous administration of a KCNQ channel agonist, such as retigabine.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hippocampal region CA1 operates as an associative mismatch detector, comparing predictive signals from CA3 with signals from EC3 reflecting sensory inputs. This new CA1 pyramidal model shows that biophysical features enable these comparators to switch output between brief bursts for matches and tonic spiking for mismatches. This suggests that cognitive learning models (e.g., predictive coding) may require much less match/mismatch circuitry than commonly assumed. Additional simulations illuminate deficits seen in psychiatric disorders and drug-induced states.
Racial/ethnic differences in health-related quality of life among Hawaii adult population

This study examined racial/ethnic differences in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among adults and identified variables associated with HRQOL by race/ethnicity. This study was conducted under a cross-sectional design. We used the 2011–2016 Hawaii Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. HRQOL were assessed by four measures: self-rated general health, physically unhealthy days, mentally unhealthy days, and days with activity limitation. Distress was defined as fair/poor for general health and 14 days or more for each of the other three HRQOL measures. We conducted multivariable logistic regressions with variables guided by Anderson’s behavioral model on each distress measure by race/ethnicity. Among Hawaii adults, 30.4% were White, 20.9% Japanese, 16.8% Filipino, 14.6% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI), 5.9% Chinese, 5.2% Hispanics, and 6.2% Other. We found significant racial/ethnic differences in the HRQOL measures. Compared to Whites, Filipinos, Japanese, NHPIs, and Hispanics showed higher distress rates in general health, while Filipinos and Japanese showed lower distress rates in the other HRQOL measures. Although no variables were consistently associated with all four HRQOL measures across all racial/ethnic groups, history of diabetes were significantly associated with general health across all racial/ethnic groups and history of depression was associated with at least three of the HRQOL measure across all racial/ethnic groups. This study contributes to the literature on disparities in HRQOL and its association with other variables among diverse racial/ethnic subgroups. Knowing the common factors for HRQOL across different racial/ethnic groups and factors specific to different racial/ethnic groups will provide valuable information for identifying future public health priorities to improve quality of life and reduce health disparities.
Neuroticism and respiratory sinus arrhythmia predict increased internalizing symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted young adults across a number of different domains. It is critical to establish the degree to which the COVID-19 pandemic has affected mental health and identify predictors of poor outcomes. Neuroticism and (low) respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) are risk factors of internalizing disorders that might predict increased psychopathology symptoms. The present study included 222 undergraduate students from [name removed] in Long Island, NY. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, participants completed self-report measures of neuroticism and internalizing symptoms and an electrocardiogram. Between April 15th to May 30th, 2020, participants again completed the measure of internalizing symptoms and a questionnaire about COVID-19 experiences. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increased distress, fear/obsessions, and (low) positive mood symptoms. There was a Neuroticism x RSA interaction in relation to distress symptoms, such that greater pre-COVID-19 neuroticism was associated with increased distress symptoms, but only in the context of low RSA. These findings suggest the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to increased internalizing symptoms in young adults, and individuals with specific personality and autonomic risk factors may be at heightened risk for developing psychopathology.
Weighted entropy and modified MDL for compression and denoising data in smart grid

Abstract Denoising and compression of power system data from the measurement and monitoring instruments in smart grid is an important topic. Compression is essential for the transmission and storage of a big amount of smart grid data through the communication channels and denoising is essential as the noise produces erroneous results in further analysis of the power system data. This paper presents a technique for denoising and lossy compression of data in smart grid communication using wavelet packet transform (WPT). The paper proposes weighted entropy to calculate the best basis of a signal from the complete WPT. Then the paper presents the application of the proposed best basis algorithm for the denoising and compression of the signal. A modified minimum description length (MDL) algorithm is proposed that allows to adjust the threshold for the denoising that does not require the use of a noise estimation formula. A set of real power system data recorded by various measurement and monitoring instruments in smart grid is utilized to assess the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Both the denoising and compression performance on the simulation show promising results such that the proposed algorithm could be considered as a potential technique for the real time noise removal and compression application. Results from the comparison are presented with Shannon entropy - MDL based WPT, wavelet transform (WT) based method, fuzzy transform and Matlab’s state of art technique.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review of Links and Risks

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease are both chronic conditions with rapidly increasing prevalence and incidence worldwide that have led to a significant burden on health-care systems. The association between these two disease entities is partly attributed to shared cardiometabolic comorbidities including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. However, independent of these overlapping risks, there are increased rates and more severe CKD in NAFLD patients. Conversely, more progressive NAFLD is seen with advanced stages of kidney injury. In addition to overlapping risk factors, shared pathogenic mechanisms suggest these two disease entities may resemble different manifestations of a single underlying disease process.
LOCAL DENSITY CALCULATED PARAMETERS FOR THE ANDERSON HAMILTONIAN

Local density functional theory has recently been used to provide first principles calculation of parameters entering the impurity Anderson Hamiltonian, with promising results. Examples are presented here for the case of the rare earth dioxides CeO2 and PrO2.