cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Teachers' Stress and Job Satisfaction: Moderating Role of Teachers' Emotions

The present research attempted to investigate the moderating role of teachers’ emotion in teaching on the relationship between teachers’ stress and job satisfaction. It was assumed that teachers’ emotion would moderate the relationship between teachers’ stress and satisfaction with job. The sample of the study (N = 200) included male and female teachers from universities of Multan, Lahore, Sargodha, and Islamabad. To measure study variables, Emotions in Teaching Inventory (Diefendorff et al., 2005), Teachers’ Stress Inventory (Schutz and Long, 1988), and Teacher Satisfaction Scale (Ho and Au, 2006) were used. The results revealed that teachers’ stress was negatively related to positive emotions in teaching and job satisfaction; while, positive emotions were found positively related to job satisfaction. Positive emotions and negative emotions were found to be significant moderators between the relationship of teachers’ stress and job satisfaction. The research highlighted the protruding importance of affiliated emotions of teachers with their jobs; thus, it should be taken into consideration.
Evidence that Tenecteplase Is Noninferior to Alteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Meta-Analysis of 5 Randomized Trials

Background and Purpose- TNK (tenecteplase), a newer fibrinolytic agent, has practical delivery advantages over ALT (alteplase) that would make it a useful agent if noninferior in acute ischemic stroke treatment outcome. Accordingly, the most recent US American Heart Association/American Stroke Association acute ischemic stroke guideline recognized TNK as an alternative to ALT, but only based on informal consideration, rather than formal meta-analysis, of completed randomized control trials. Methods- Systematic literature search and formal meta-analysis were conducted per PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), adapted to noninferiority analysis. The primary outcome of freedom from disability (modified Rankin Scale score, 0-1) outcome at 3 m, and additional efficacy and safety outcomes, were analyzed. Results- Systematic search identified 5 trials enrolling 1585 patients (828 TNK, 757 ALT). Across all trials, mean age was 70.8, 58.5% male, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale mean 7.0, and time from last known well to treatment start mean 148 minutes. All ALT patients received standard 0.9 mg/kg dosing, while TNK dosing was 0.1 mg/kg in 6.8%, 0.25 mg/kg in 24.6%, and 0.4 mg/kg in 68.6%. For the primary end point, crude cumulative rates of disability-free (modified Rankin Scale score, 0-1) 3 m outcome were TNK 57.9% versus ALT 55.4%. Informal, random-effects meta-analysis, the risk difference was 4% (95% CI, -1% to 8%). The lower 95% CI bound fell well within the prespecified noninferiority margin. Similar results were seen for the additional efficacy end points: functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score, 0-2): crude TNK 71.9% versus ALT 70.5%, risk difference 2% (95% CI, -3% to 6%); and modified Rankin Scale shift analysis, common odds ratio 1.21 (95% CI, 0.93-1.57). For safety end points, lower event rates reduced power, but point estimates were also consistent with noninferiority Conclusions- Accumulated clinical trial data provides strong evidence that TNK is noninferior to ALT in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. These findings provide formal support for the recent guideline recommendation to consider TNK an alternative to ALT.
Risk factors for surgery due to rotator cuff disease in a population-based cohort

Aims Few risk factors for rotator cuff disease (RCD) and corresponding treatment have been firmly established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between numerous risk factors a...
Potential for Major Therapeutic Changes to Produce Significant Clinical Response Across a Broad Range of Disease Activity: An Observational Study of US Veterans With Rheumatoid Arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of major therapeutic change (MTC) on clinical response across a broad range of disease activity in US veterans with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS This historical cohort analysis evaluated patient visits from the Veterans Affairs RA registry between January 1, 2006 and September 30, 2017. Eligible patient visits were a rheumatology visit with 3 disease activity measures, including the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, the Clinical Disease Activity Index, and the Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3; the follow-up visit for all 3 disease activity measures was 2-6 months later. The full population and a subset of patients with active disease (≥6 tender joints, ≥6 swollen joints) were evaluated. Clinical outcome was based on the American College of Rheumatology criteria for 20% improvement in disease activity (ACR20). The effect of MTC on ACR20 response was presented as crude descriptive statistics and evaluated using standardized regression for population- and disease activity-level conditional effects. RESULTS The full population comprised 1,208 patients (6,138 visits) and the active disease subpopulation included 383 patients (1,109 visits). Overall, visits with MTC were associated with increased likelihood of ACR20 response across all disease activity measures for the full population. Risk ratios for overall risk of ACR20 response for visits with MTC versus those without MTC ranged from 1.67 to 2.22 across disease activity measures among the full population and from 1.51 to 1.60 for the subpopulation with active disease. CONCLUSION MTC was associated with clinical improvement, even among patients with longstanding RA who had received multiple prior therapies, which emphasizes the utility of therapy modifications for patients with established and active RA.
Outcomes in Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Neurocognitive Issues and Transition of Care

There is a growing population of patients living with congenital heart disease (CHD), now with more adults living with CHD than children. Adults with CHD have unique health care needs, requiring a thoughtful approach to cardiac, neurocognitive, mental, and physical health issues. They have increased risk of anxiety, depression, pragmatic language impairment, limited social cognition, worse educational attainment and unemployment, and delayed progression into independent adulthood. As a result, it is important to establish an individualized approach to obtain successful transition and transfer of care from the pediatric to adult health care world in this patient population.
Blast Vulnerability of Drop Ceilings in Roadway Tunnels

AbstractTunnels are critical links within modern transportation networks and are susceptible to accidental explosion from vehicle fuel and cargo. They also present a target for terrorism due to uns...
Differences Between Magnet and Non-Magnet-Designated Hospitals in Nurses' Evidence-Based Practice Knowledge, Competencies, Mentoring, and Culture.

Background Obtaining Magnet recognition is important to hospitals as it has been linked to positive nursing and patient outcomes. Evidence-based practice (EBP) also has been shown to positively impact these same outcomes. However, the effect that Magnet designation has on different facets of EBP when compared to non-designated institutions is less understood. Aims To determine the differences between Magnet-designated versus non-Magnet-designated hospitals on nurses' EBP knowledge, competency, mentoring, and culture. Methods A secondary analysis was performed on data obtained from the Melnyk et al. (2018) national study of U.S. nurses' EBP competencies. Results 2,344 nurses completed the survey (n = 1,622 Magnet and n = 638 non-Magnet). Magnet-designated hospital nurses had higher scores in EBP knowledge (mean ± SD: 19.9 ± 6.8 vs. 19.1 ± 7.0, Cohen's d = 0.12), mentoring (22.6 ± 11.1 vs. 18.6 ± 10.1, d = 0.38), and culture (82.9 ± 21.8 vs. 74.1 ± 21.3, d = 0.41). There was no difference between the two groups in EBP competency scores (53.8 ± 16.2 vs. 53.0 ± 15.9, d = 0.05), and average scores for the 24 EBP competency items were less than competent in both groups. Linking evidence to practice Despite having higher knowledge, stronger perceived EBP cultures, and greater EBP mentoring than non-Magnet-designated nurses, Magnet nurses did not meet the EBP competencies. A tremendous need exists to provide nurses with the knowledge and skills to achieve the EBP competencies in both Magnet and non-Magnet-designated hospitals. A critical mass of EBP mentors who also meet the EBP competencies is needed to work with point-of-care nurses to ensure that EBP competency is achieved in order to ultimately ensure healthcare quality and safety. Rigorous studies are needed to determine which interventions at the academic and clinical education level result in improved EBP competency.
Generalized Learning of Dysarthric Speech Between Male and Female Talkers.

Purpose Perceptual training is a listener-targeted means for improving intelligibility of dysarthric speech. Recent work has shown that training with one talker generalizes to a novel talker of the...
Does Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (ROPE) score correlate with PFO closure criteria? (P4.3-065)

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (ROPE) score and PFO closure eligibility criteria derived from CLOSE, REDUCE, and RESPECT, three trials published in September 2017 demonstrating superiority of PFO closure over medical management for secondary stroke prevention. Background: The ROPE Score stratifies the likelihood that a cryptogenic stroke patient’s PFO is stroke-related vs incidental. In 2017, three randomized controlled trials of patients with cryptogenic embolic stroke and higher-risk PFO demonstrated reduced recurrent stroke in patients undergoing PFO closure. Design/Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical record of patients evaluated in our institution’s stroke clinic to identify patients with cryptogenic stroke and PFO. For patients with PFO, we abstracted patient demographics, stroke subtype, and PFO characteristics. ROPE scores were then calculated and dichotomized into high-probability (scores 6–10) and low-probability (scores 0–5) that the PFO was stroke-related. Using the Fisher’s Exact Test, the high probability and low probability cohorts were assessed for correlation with generalized eligibility/ineglibility for the CLOSE, REDUCE and RESPECT trials. Results: Thirty-four (13%) of 262 stroke clinic patients had PFO. The mean ROPE score was 5.59 (SD ±2.24). Eight (24%) patients had high risk PFO and 6 (18%) patients met clinical trial criteria for PFO closure. ROPE scores did not correlate with PFO closure criteria (Fisher’s Extract P-value = 0.19). Conclusions: The ROPE did not correlate with PFO closure clinical trial eligibility criteria. Further research is needed to investigate the utility of the ROPE score as a tool, in combination with PFO-specific characteristics, for the appropriate selection of cryptogenic embolic stroke patients who may benefit from PFO-closure. Disclosure: Dr. Salari has nothing to disclose. Dr. Al Banna has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lakshminarayan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Meekins has nothing to disclose. Dr. Streib has nothing to disclose.
On the power of conditional independence testing under model-X

For testing conditional independence (CI) of a response Y and a predictor X given covariates Z, the recently introduced model-X (MX) framework has been the subject of active methodological research, especially in the context of MX knockoffs and their successful application to genome-wide association studies. In this paper, we study the power of MX CI tests, yielding quantitative explanations for empirically observed phenomena and novel insights to guide the design of MX methodology. We show that any valid MX CI test must also be valid conditionally on Y and Z; this conditioning allows us to reformulate the problem as testing a point null hypothesis involving the conditional distribution of X. The Neyman-Pearson lemma then implies that the conditional randomization test (CRT) based on a likelihood statistic is the most powerful MX CI test against a point alternative. We also obtain a related optimality result for MX knockoffs. Switching to an asymptotic framework with arbitrarily growing covariate dimension, we derive an expression for the limiting power of the CRT against local semiparametric alternatives in terms of the prediction error of the machine learning algorithm on which its test statistic is based. Finally, we exhibit a resampling-free test with uniform asymptotic Type-I error control under the assumption that only the first two moments of X given Z are known, a significant relaxation of the MX assumption.
From Kuhn to Lakatos to Laudan.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides the overview of Kuhn, Lakatos, and Laudan methodology of scientific research programs. Kuhn decisively redirected the philosophy of science away from the logical empiricist or positivist account that was then orthodox. The positivists limited their account of science to the categories of theory and evidence and the relationships between them. The two most important of these relationships were said to be “explanation” and “confirmation”. Kuhn's main contribution was to describe the important role super theoretical entities, such as “world hypotheses,” play in science. Kuhn called these types of entities paradigms. Lakatos renamed them research programs and Laudan dubbed them research traditions. Kuhn never adequately specified the connection between paradigm and theory. Lakatos' first innovation was to specify this relationship with great clarity, and in doing so he also explicated further the role of metaphysics in science. Metaphysical assumptions appear as core principles that pass unchanged through all the theories of a research program, that is, through those theories that succeed one another as the program evolves. The sequence of theories itself constitutes the research program. Laudan attempted to direct philosophy of science away from explaining facts and toward “solving problems.” The philosophy of science begun by Kuhn rejected the positivists' attempts to accommodate all of science in the categories of theory and observation. On the positivist view, “explanation” was the primary relationship linking the two descriptive categories: theories explained observations. But Laudan also questioned the primacy of explanation. He argued that the dynamics of science are best understood as a search for new problem solutions. For this reason Overton spoke of research programs solving problems.
The effect of directional antennas in CDMA wireless local loop systems

The use of directional antennas at the subscriber unit in CDMA wireless local loop systems is studied. Directional antennas can reduce multiuser interference at the CDMA base station and lower subscriber transmit power. The effect of these gains on performance gains in cell capacity and cell coverage are presented. Our analysis focuses on the reverse mobile to base link only.
Dickerson v. United States: The Case That Disappointed Miranda's Critics--and Then Its Supporters

It is difficult, if not impossible, to discuss Dickerson v. United States intelligently without discussing Miranda, whose constitutional status Dickerson reaffirmed (or, one might say, resuscitated). It is also difficult, if not impossible, to discuss the Dickerson case intelligently without discussing cases the Court has handed down in the five years since Dickerson was decided. The hard truth is that in those five years the reaffirmation of Miranda's constitutional status has become less and less meaningful. In this paper I want to focus on the Court's characterization of statements elicited in violation of the Miranda warnings as not actually "coerced" or "compelled" but obtained merely in violation of Miranda's "prophylactic rules." This terminology has plagued the Miranda doctrine and puzzled and provoked many commentators since then - Justice Rehnquist utilized this label to describe and to diminish Miranda - and he was the first Justice ever to do so - thirty-one years ago.
A note on κ-diagonal surface states

We classify all twist-even squeezed states in string field theory which are diagonal in the κ-basis and simultaneously surface states. For this purpose, we derive a consistency condition for the maps defining κ-diagonal surface states. It restricts these maps to a two-parameter family of Jacobi sine functions. Not all of them are admissible maps for surface states; standard requirements single out two one-parameter families containing the generalized butterfly states and the wedge states.
Twinning in cattle: II. Genetic and environmental effects on ovulation rate in puberal heifers and postpartum cows and the effects of ovulation rate on embryonic survival.

The potential of ovulation rate before 18 to 21 mo of age in puberal heifers as an indirect selection criterion for twinning rate was considered. Heritability (h2) was .07 +/- .03 for single observations and .34 +/- .18 for the mean of 7.9 estrous cycles per heifer. Estimated repeatability (r) of ovulation rate was less than or equal to h2, indicating negligible permanent environmental effects. Expected h2 for mean ovulation rate (assuming h2 = r = .07 for single observations) for increasing numbers of estrous cycles would be as follows: 4, .23; 6., 31; 8, .38; and 10, .43. About 50% of the heifers produced no multiple ovulations, but 27% produced multiple ovulations in more than 15% of their estrous cycles. Ovulation rate varied seasonally and increased about .01 per month of age (P less than .05). Genetic correlation of mean ovulation rate with adjusted 368-d weight was low (.08 +/- .32). Ovulation rate in postpartum cows was higher (P less than .05) in fall than in spring (1.15 vs 1.08). In postpartum cows, estimated h2 = .24 +/- .13 and r = .17. Mean ovulation rate for postpartum cows was 1.12 vs 1.09 in puberal heifers, accounting in part for the higher h2. Pregnancy rate was higher (P less than .05) in multiple- than in single-ovulating cows. Effects of ovulation rate on embryonic survival were small (P greater than .05). Unilateral and bilateral multiple ovulations were not different in embryonic survival. Accuracy of ovulation rate determination by palpation per rectum was lower in multiple- than in single-ovulating postpartum cows, because some unilateral multiple corpora lutea, especially, were recorded as singles. Results suggest that use of ovulation rate in puberal heifers should permit effective indirect selection for twinning rate among yearling heifers based on individual performance and among young sires based on ovulation rate of sibs and daughters.
Quantifying uncertainty and sampling quality in biomolecular simulations

Abstract Growing computing capacity and algorithmic advances have facilitated the study of increasingly large biomolecular systems at longer timescales. However, with these larger, more complex systems come questions about the quality of sampling and statistical convergence. What size systems can be sampled fully? If a system is not fully sampled, can certain “fast variables” be considered well converged? How can one determine the statistical significance of observed results? The present review describes statistical tools and the underlying physical ideas necessary to address these questions. Basic definitions and ready-to-use analyses are provided, along with explicit recommendations. Such statistical analyses are of paramount importance in establishing the reliability of simulation data in any given study.
Genome localization of adeno-associated virus RNA.

In previous work, linear duplex molecules of adeno-associated virus, type 2 (AAV2), DNA were cleaved with the restriction endonucleases R-EcoRI, R-HindII, and R-HindIII. The physical order of the specific fragments obtained was deduced and oriented with respect to the DNA strand polarity and the direction of transcription. Stable AAV RNA is transcribed only from 70% of the minus DNA strand. We report here RNA-DNA hybridization experiments using these restriction fragments to obtain a more accurate map of the portion of the AAV genome represented in stable RNA. The data obtained with several sets of restriction fragments annealed to either whole-cell RNA or poly(A)-containing RNA were internally consistent. The AAV RNA annealed with a continuous region of the AAV DNA, beginning at 0.18 map units (18%) from the left end of the molecule and ending at 0.88 map units. In addition, the restriction endonuclease BamHI was found to make one specific cleavage in AAV2 DNA at 0.22 map units, which is 0.04 map units (i.e., 160 nucleotides) to the right (""down stream'') of the point corresponding to the 5' end of the viral mRNA.
Developmental Loss of Synchronous Spontaneous Activity in the Mouse Retina Is Independent of Visual Experience

In the immature retina, correlated spontaneous activity in the form of propagating waves is thought to be necessary for the refinement of connections between the retina and its targets. The continued presence of this activity in the mature retina would interfere with the transmission of information about the visual scene. The mechanisms responsible for the disappearance of retinal waves are not well understood, but one hypothesis is that visual experience is important. To test this hypothesis, we monitored the developmental changes in spontaneous retinal activity of both normal mice and mice reared in the dark. Using multi-electrode array recordings, we found that retinal waves in normally reared mice are present at postnatal day (P) 9 and begin to break down shortly after eye opening, around P15. By P21, waves have disappeared, and synchronous firing is comparable with that observed in the adult (6 weeks). In mice raised in the dark, we found a similar time course for the disappearance of waves. However, at P15, dark-reared retinas occasionally showed abnormally long periods of relative inactivity, not seen in controls. Apart from this quiescence, we found no striking differences between the patterns of spontaneous retinal activity from normal and dark-reared mice. We therefore suggest that visual experience is not required for the loss of synchronous spontaneous activity.
Reflections on Scattered Light: Monte Carlo Simulations of the Flux and Polarization Curves of β Lyrae

Polarimetry has proven to be a useful observational tool in the study of Be stars. In recent years, Monte Carlo radiative transfer methods have often been used in modeling polarimetric measurements, since they allow accurate predictions of flux and polarization via numerical simulation of the interaction of light with matter, even in systems with complex configurations. We have extended these two complementary techniques to the investigation of binary Be stars by developing a Monte Carlo code that models the flux and polarization phase curves of a binary-disk system. We here present the latest results matching geometrical model configurations with our own spectropolarimetric observations of the Algol binary β Lyrae.
Learning-Based Localized Offloading with Resource-Constrained Data Centers

Offloading has emerged as a new paradigm to save energy for mobile devices in the context of cloud computing systems. Unlike the traditional cloud computing, it offers the flexibility of switching between local and remote execution, and employs accurate profiling of tasks. Given a resource-constrained data center, an interesting optimization question is which tasks should be offloaded/run locally so that global energy savings is maximized. The main technical difficulties are related to the uncertainty and variability of congestion, as well as the need for a real-time, low overhead and localized decision procedure that are near optimal. We introduce a combination of statistical and learning-based techniques that use the results of offline centralized algorithms to create localized online solutions that perform well under realistic workloads. The procedures and algorithms are compared with upper bounds to demonstrate their effectiveness.
BHAGAVAD GĪTĀ AS DUTY AND VIRTUE ETHICS

The paper examines the ethical conception of the most well-known and much discussed Hindu text, the Bhagavad Gītā, in the context of the Western distinction between duty ethics and virtue ethics. Most of the materials published on the Gītā make much of its conception of duty; however, there is no systematic investigation of the notion of virtue in the Gītā. The paper begins with a discussion of the fundamental characteristics of virtue ethics, before undertaking a discussion of the conceptions of duty and virtue in the Gītā. The paper clearly demonstrates that (1) both duty and virtue coexist in the Gītā, and (2) the Gītā accords virtue an important place.
Effect of the nephritogenic autoantibody of Heymann's nephritis on plasminogen-binding to Gp330 and activation by urokinase

Abstract Previous results have shown that the autoantibody eluted from the glomeruli of rats with active Heymann nephritis contain a population of antibodies not only to the putative autoantigen of the disease, gp330, but alos to plasminogen. Since gp330 has been shown to serve as a receptor for plasminogen, we have analyzed the effects of autoantibody on plasminogen-binding to gp330 and activation of plasminogen to plasmin by urokinase. Autoantibody does not inhibit the binding of plasminogen to gp330. The change in the conformation of plasminogen when its lysine-binding sites are occupied or after conversion to plasmin results in a significant decrease in autoantibody-binding. The most significant effect of autoantibody on this system is the inhibition of plasminogen activation to plasmin by urokinase. The binding of autoantibody to plasminogen acts as a competitive inhibitor of the reaction by apparently blocking access of urokinase to plasminogen's activation site. These results indicate that autoantibody obtained from the immune deposits in the glomeruli of rats with active Heyman nephritis does not inhibit the binding of plasminogen to gp330 but does significantly alter the urokinase catalyzed activation of plasminogen to plasmin.
When to suspect SARS in recent traveler to Asia

(2003). When to suspect SARS in recent traveler to Asia? Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 113, No. 6, pp. 24-24.
Properties of purified lens transglutaminase and regulation of its transamidase/crosslinking activity by GTP

On account of its protein crosslinking activity, the Ca2+-dependent transglutaminase of the lens is likely to be involved in the formation of cataracts. We have now purified the rabbit lens enzyme to near homogeneity as judged by SDS-PAGE (Mr approximately 78 kDa), and a key feature of the procedure was the use of a highly selective affinity chromatographic step with a fibronectin fragment as ligand. The catalytic activity of the lens transglutaminase, measured by the incorporation of dansylcadaverine into dimethylcasein, was compared with those of two similar enzymes isolated from human red cells and from guinea pig liver, respectively. All three enzymes were inhibited by GTP, but the lens enzyme was most sensitive to inhibition by the nucleotide. Moreover, GTP was also shown to inhibit the formation of the approximately 55 kDa betacrystallin dimers in the Ca2+-treated rabbit lens homogenate, proving that the nucleotide is a negative regulator for the crosslinking activity of transglutaminase in this tissue.
A shock tube study of the enthalpy of formation of OH

The standard enthalpy, of formation of the hydroxyl radical (OH) at 298 K, ΔfH0298(OH), has been determined from shock tube measurements spanning the tmeperature range 1964–2718 K and at pressures of 1–2.4 atm. Low-concentration, lean and stoichiometric mixtures of H2 and O2 in Ar produce well-controlled leels of OH in a “partial equilibrium” state, with little or no sensitivity to the reaction kinetics. the partial equilibrium OH concentrations are dependent only on the thermochemical parameters of the reacting species, with the heat of formation of OH being the most significant and uncertain parameter. Narrow line width UV laser absorption at 306.7 nm is used to measure OH concentrations with sufficient accuracy (2%–4%) to clearly determine the value of the enthalpy of formation. Over the whole range of experimental conditions, the average determination is ΔfH0298(OH)=8.92±0.16 kcal/mol (37.3±0.67 kJ/mol) with a standard deviation of σ=0.04 kcal/mol (0.17 kJ/mol). This value is 0.40–0.48 kcal/mol (1.7–2.0 kJ/mol) below the previously accepted values, and it agrees with recent theoretical calculations, experimental studies using the positive-ion cycle, and calculations using thermochemical cycles.
FREE AND BOUND ORTHOPHOSPHATE AND PHOSPHOCREATINE IN MUSCLE.

Abstract The use of ethanol at low temperature as deproteinizing medium reveals the presence of some bound phosphocreatine as well as of bound Pi in resting muscle. The amount of bound Pi in muscles of frogs and rabbits is comparable to that bound by myosin isolated from these species, but the amount in cat muscles is significantly greater. The free Pi content is of the order of 3–5 μmoles per gram, and the total of free plus bound Pi is essentially the same whether neutral or acidic deproteinizing agents are used. The data obtained do not give any evidence to support the postulate that muscle contains a P compound more labile to acid than is phosphocreatine.
Trouble in a Geographically Distributed Virtual Network Organization: Organizing Tensions in Continental Direct Action Network

This study examines the impact of geographic dispersion and technological mediation on the organizing processes of a virtual network organization. Listserv and conference call records from the approximately two-year existence of the Continental Direct Action Network were analyzed in order to examine how the virtualness of this organization impacted participants’ perceptions of opportunity, balance of latency and mobilization, formation of a collective identity, and formation of affective bonds. The results reveal some of the local/global tensions that may exist in the organizing processes of virtual network organizations. They also demonstrate that an identity tension may emerge when new geographic localities join an already existing virtual network organization. It is suggested that new routes for informal communication among geographic localities may be necessary in order to enhance these processes and socialize new members into the network.
Primary mesenteric venous occlusive disease

Abstract Primary mesenteric venous occlusive disease occurs infrequently but the mortality rate is high. A review of the clinical records of twenty-two patients with this condition revealed an over-all mortality of 59 per cent and a surgical mortality of 52 per cent. Anticoagulation therapy seemed to be an important factor in reducing the mortality rate. A significant number of patients had a prodroma for many days before seeking medical care. Early active surgical treatment and careful postoperative observation provide the optimal therapy for the patient with primary mesenteric venous occlusive disease. A “second look” is indicated if the disease progresses or recurs.
Properties of a Barium Fluoride-Tmae-Multiwire Proportional Chamber Detector Using a Large Single Crystal

The properties of a detector consisting of a large barium fluoride crystal and a multiwire proportional chamber operating at low pressure with TMAE have been studied. Measurements of the time resolution, pulse width, energy resolution, photoelectron yield and the effective energy threshold were carried out in a test beam using minimum ionizing particles. Although the detector is sensitive to signals originating from an adsorbed layer of TMAE from the crystal surface, no indication of such a signal was observed.
Reasons for Redundancy in Reflexivity: The Role of Diaries in Archaeological Epistemology

AbstractArchaeological research projects employ a diverse body of recording strategies to preserve detailed information about material evidence of the past. One of the most persisting and common forms of recording is the archaeological diary. Despite having undergone transformations in form and function over the history of archaeology as a discipline, diaries are most often integrated into contemporary excavations in order to enhance reflexivity and to provide a greater context for understanding both the processes and products of these research endeavors. I argue that diaries do succeed in promoting reflexive archaeological practice, though not because of the greater contextual information they capture. Instead, the degree to which diaries repeat information recorded by other media embodies their integral role in reflexive archaeological epistemology. By comparing diary entries from Catalhoyuk, Turkey to the pro forma produced at this site, I demonstrate that archaeological diaries' power derives from the...
Stability in Gauged Extended Supergravity

Extended supergravity theories with gauged SO(N) internal symmetry have, for N ≥ 4, scalar field potentials which are unbounded below. Nevertheless, it is argued that the theories have ground states with anti-de Sitter background geometry which are stable against fluctuations which vanish sufficiently fast at spatial infinity. Stability is implied because the appropriate conserved energy functional is positive for such fluctuations. Anti-de Sitter space is not globally hyperbolic, but the boundary conditions required for positive energy are also shown to give free field theories with well-defined Cauchy problem. New information on the particle representations of OSp(1, 4) supersymmetry is presented as part of the argument. Supersymmetry requires boundary conditions for spin 0 fields such that only the improved stress tensor leads to a conserved energy functional. Although the stability arguments support the view that gauged supergravity theories are acceptable quantum field theories, the problem of a large cosmological term in the Ads phase of the theories is still unsolved.
Isolation of a metabolite from the pks island provides insights into colibactin biosynthesis and activity.

Colibactin is a structurally uncharacterized, genotoxic natural product produced by commensal and pathogenic strains of E. coli that harbor the pks island. A new metabolite has been isolated from a pks+ E. coli mutant missing an essential biosynthetic enzyme. The unusual azaspiro[2.4] bicyclic ring system of this molecule provides new insights into colibactin biosynthesis and suggests a mechanism through which colibactin and other pks-derived metabolites may exert genotoxicity.
Active Investing in Strategic Acquirers Using an EVA Style Analysis

Employing an EVA style classification, this article examines whether active investors such as hedge funds can develop an alpha-generating strategy by classifying acquisitions based on the pre-acquisition style quadrant of the acquirers. Over the period 1990–2007, the announcement evidence suggests that acquisitions across all EVA style quadrants generate negative risk-adjusted returns, wherein the potential for economic gains from shorting acquirers is greater for pre-classified wealth destroyers than it is for wealth creators. The article also finds evidence of continuing negative returns following the acquisition announcement for wealth destroyers, while for wealth creators the post-acquisition announcement effects are mixed. Moreover, the potential for longing gains on target firms is significant at the announcement and shows continuing positive gains after the acquisition announcement across EVA styles. These results support the view that investment strategies involving acquisitions should be linked to the fundamentals of wealth creation.
Death Contemplation, Growth, and Defense: Converging Evidence of Dual-Existential Systems?

The psychology underlying individuals’ attempts to pursue a path of growth as a result of death contemplation is the focus of this article. More directly, I attempt to reconcile diverging paths in the study of death awareness and its impact on human experience; specifically, I present empirical and theoretical support for dual-existential systems that are capable of explaining mortality-induced defensiveness predicted by terror management theory (TMT), and mortality-induced growth observed among individuals who contemplate their mortality as a result of illness or trauma. I suggest that individuals process their existence either via a specific and personalized existential system, or via an abstract and categorical existential system. I also suggest that these dual-existential systems begin with differential information-processing styles and end with growth-oriented or defense-oriented motivational states and self-regulatory processes. The psychological and the societal outcomes of processing existential m...
Elimination kinetics of captopril in patients with renal failure

Captopril kinetics were determined after a 100-mg oral dose of 14C-captopril in 21 patients with various degrees of renal impairment. Elimination kinetics of captopril were evaluated by model-independent methods. The body clearance (ClB) of captopril decreased steadily with decreasing creatinine clearance (ClCr) from 5.2 ml/min/kg for mild renal failure patients to 1.6 ml/min/kg for hemodialysis patients during an interdialytic period. In patients with mild renal impairment, renal and nonrenal clearances of captopril averaged 2.2 and 3.0 ml/min/kg, respectively, and fell (P less than 0.001) to 0.2 and 1.5 ml/min/kg in patients with severe renal impairment. There were no significant differences in the extent of total cumulative excretion (fecal plus urinary) of radioactivity over a 96- to 120-hr period between the patients with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment. The 48-hr renal excretion of captopril averaged 29, 21, and 8% of the dose in the mild, moderate, and severe renally impaired groups. In five additional hemodialysis patients, the mean dialyzer clearance of captopril averaged 120 ml/min. Approximately 35% of the dose was recovered in the 4-hr dialysate. Based on the above findings, a reduction in the dose of captopril is necessary in patients with renal failure.
Skeletal muscle atrophy in old rats: differential changes in the three fiber types.

Abstract This study was undertaken to reevaluate the effects of ageing on skeletal muscle mass and on mitochondrial and glycolytic enzyme levels in the different types of skeletal muscle in rats. It was found that some muscles atrophy with ageing, while others do not, in male rats. Atrophy appears to occur in weight-bearing muscles, and is most marked in those with a high proportion of type IIb fibers. The muscles that did not atrophy are non-weight-bearing, and include the epitrochlearis (predominantly type IIb fibers) and the adductor longus (predominantly type I fibers). The average cross-sectional area of muscle fibers in the plantaris muscles of 28–30-month-old rats was ∼30% smaller than that of 9–10-month-old animals, providing evidence that the ∼30% lower weight of the plantaris in the old group was entirely due to fiber atrophy. The proportion of type IIa fibers was decreased and the proportion of type I fibers was increased in the plantaris of the old rats. The respiratory capacity of the soleus muscle (predominantly type I fibers), and the glycolytic capacity of the superficial, white (type IIb) and deep, red (predominantly type IIa) portions of the vastus lateralis, were reduced in the old rats. Our results provide evidence that ageing has differential effects on the three types of skeletal muscle fiber, and on weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing muscles, in the rat.
Abnormal Serum Factor in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas

Extract: Serum from patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas (CFP) was found to disorganize the ciliary rhythm in explants of respiratory epithelium. This serum factor was present in all 75 patients with CFP and absent from the serum of 75 other patients having a variety of diseases with clinical features similar to those seen in CFP. The bio-assay method to detect the disorganized ciliary beat was performed in the following manner. Specimens of rabbit tracheal mucosa were placed and maintained in tissue culture flasks using standard tissue culture technique. After 4–6 days of incubation, specimens with beating cilia were removed from the flasks, placed on glass slides, exposed to a drop of test serum, covered with a sealed coverslip, and observed at room temperature with a magnification of 550 using phase contract illumination. A disorganized beat was usually observed within 5–10 minutes and persisted for a period of up to one hour. The serum factor was found to be heat labile, nondialysable, and precipitated with the euglobulins. Ghromatographic examination of serum from a patient with CFP on a column of Sephadex G-200 showed that the serum factor was eluted with the macroglobulin fraction as well as between the gamma globulin and albumin peaks. The serum factor was also detected in the parents of children with cystic fibrosis; however, the concentration of the factor appeared lower. The native sera from parents produced a disorganized beat in 7 of 25 cases. Upon concentrating the euglobulin fraction 2.5:1, the factor was detected in the remaining 18 sera. Similar concentration of sera from control patients resulted in only one positive reaction in the 25 sera tested. In addition, a ten-fold concentration of euglobulin from normal controls failed to disorganize the ciliary beat. Speculation: Although the mode of action of the serum factor has not been determined, the macromolecules in the serum may alter transport of electrolytes, thereby producing changes in the action potential within the cell and resulting in a disorganized ciliary beat. This postulate may have also some relation to the pathogenesis of the disease in view of the recent observation by MANGOS and MCSHERRY [7] that saliva of patients with CFP inhibits sodium transport.
Sedimentation and crustal recycling along an active oblique-rift margin: Salton Trough and northern Gulf of California

Transtensional basins embedded in the San Andreas fault system of Southern California (United States) and northwestern Mexico are fi lled with sediment derived from the Colorado River, which drains a large area of the western U.S. interior. The sediment is rapidly buried, heated, and mingled with intrusions in the deep basins to form a new generation of recycled crust along the active plate boundary. Using a range of values for total basin depth, relative volume of mantle-derived intrusions, and composition of early rift deposits, the volume of Colorado River‐derived sediment in the basins is bracketed between 2.2 and 3.4 ◊ 10 5 km 3 , similar to the volume of rock that likely was eroded from the Colorado River catchment over the past 5‐6 m.y. The volumetric rate of crustal growth by sedimentation is ~80‐130 km 3 /m.y./km, comparable to growth rates in subductionrelated island arcs and slow seafl oor spreading centers. Sedimentary and basinal processes thus play a major role in crustal evolution and recycling in this setting, and may be important at other rifted margins where a large river system is captured following tectonic collapse of a prerift orogenic highland.
Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma: fine-needle aspiration cytology with histologic, cytogenetic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural correlation.

BACKGROUND Although the histologic features of the recently described low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma are well established, to the authors' knowledge there are no reports in the literature describing the cytologic features of this tumor by fine-needle aspiration. Recognition of this lesion is important because of its indolent but metastasizing nature. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed their surgical pathology files for cases of low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma with a preoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB); three such cases were found. Immunohistochemical studies were performed in all three tumors, ultrastructural examination was performed in two tumors, and fresh tissue for cytogenetic analysis was obtained in one tumor. RESULTS All FNABs showed similar features. The aspirates were relatively hypocellular with an abundant myxoid background; the neoplastic cells contained oval to spindle shaped nuclei with minimal pleomorphism. No capillaries or areas of fibrous tissue were identified. Cytogenetic study of one case revealed no chromosomal abnormalities. The histologic findings were characteristic for this lesion. By immunohistochemistry the tumor cells showed diffuse and strong reactivity for vimentin only; at the ultrastructural level the neoplastic spindle cells had characteristics of fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS The cytologic features of low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma are not specific enough for a definitive diagnosis based on FNAB alone; however, correlating the cytologic and clinical findings can narrow the range of diagnosis. The differential diagnosis includes other myxoid lesions, in particular superficial or intramuscular myxoma and myxofibrosarcoma. In addition, the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings support a fibroblastic origin for this neoplasm. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 1999;87:75–82. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
Heat transfer during the quench process that occurs in the reflood of a single vertical tube

Abstract Wall temperature histories for one elevation on a vertical tube being quenched by water fed into the bottom of the tube, at pressures of 1 and 4 atm, are used with the system operating parameters, to predict the relation between the heat flux to the water and the temperature difference during the quench process. During nucleate boiling, the relation between the flux and the temperature difference is of the nature specified by theories for forced convection boiling, but there are differences in detail. Maximum fluxes are somewhat higher than for pool boiling, but cannot be related to the operating conditions. The transition boiling behavior is shown to be predictable if the experimental values of the flux and the temperature difference at the maximum and minimum flux are used in existing prediction methods. Another method, based on the data, is also proposed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Liquid Crystalline Perylene Diimides

Several polyoxyethylene-substituted perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxyldiimides have been synthesized and characterized. Relative to other known perylene diimide derivatives, all of the present compounds have much lower melting points and much greater solubility in common solvents. Most of these compounds possess liquid crystalline properties over a wide range of temperatures, some of them even at room temperature and below. Some of the photophysical and self-organizing characteristics of these compounds are demonstrated, particularly with regard to the spontaneous formation of a highly crystalline black phase. Generalized correlations about the physical properties and the chemical structures of these new liquid crystalline compounds are discussed. Their unusual physical and photophysical properties have important implications for their use in a variety of electroactive and photovoltaic applications.
Spin-induced optical conductivity in the spin-liquid candidate herbertsmithite.

United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering Grant DE-FG02-08ER46521)