cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Granulosa cell proliferation in very small follicles of cycling rats studied by long-term continuous tritiated-thymidine infusion.

It is generally believed that in adult rodents the vast majority of very small follicles (<20 granulosa cells in cross section) are not growing. However, the only data to support this assumption were collected with methods that may not be suffwiently sensitive to distinguish between nongrowing follicles and slowly growing follicles. In this study, the method of long-term continuous 13H)thymidine (3H-TdR) infusion was used to examine growth of very small follicles. Young adult rats were given continuous infusions of 3H-TdR for up to 7 days. Autoradiographs were prepared from 2 pin-thick sections of the ovaries. The proportion of labeled very small follicles increased as the duration of the infusion increased. After 7 days of continuous 3H-TdR infusion, 37% offollicles with 4 or fewer granulosa cells had at least one labeled granulosa cell, as did 68% offollicles with 5 8 granulosa cells, 86% of follicles with 9 12 granulosa cells, and 100% of follicles with 13 or more granulosa cells. The number of labeled cells per labeled follicle (the labeling index) also increased with increasing infusion time. However, few follicles had labeling indices of 100%, even after 7 days of continuous 3H-TdR infusion. These results suggest that a substantial fraction of very smallfollicles is growing in adult cycling rats; however, the rate of growth appears to be quite slow.
Nanocrystal Photovoltaic Paint Sprayed With a Handheld Airbrush

A complete photovoltaic cell was fabricated using only a handheld airbrush, dilute solutions of CdSe and CdTe nanorods, commercially available silver paint, and transparent-conducting-electrode-coated glass. Produced and stored under ambient conditions, these fully functioning solar cells are stable for months. As a heterojunction cell, the migration of carriers within the CdTe and CdSe layers is polarity-dependent, which directly contributes to the photoinduced voltaic cell response observed. The suitability of a handheld airbrush to create high-quality films by varying solution concentration, air pressure, and nanorod surface functionalization was explored. Notably, ultrasmooth surfaces comparable to spin-coated quality films can be formed from 20 to 500 nm thickness, with continuous, uninterrupted optical domains such that strong light diffraction is observed. While current estimated efficiency is low (<0.01%), this method demonstrates the potential of solar cells that can be incorporated into a variety of devices of unconventional size or design.
COMPOSITION OF FRUITS AND PHLOEM EXUDATE OF CUCURBITS.

Phloem ex?date has been used in many studies on solute transport in plants. As far as can be determined by microscopic observation, it comes from the sieve tubes and represents, therefore, an unmixed sap that moves rapidly within the plant. If the ex?date from cut peduncles of cucurbit fruits represents a true sample of a solution of food materials moving through the phloem by mass flow to nourish those fruits, there should exist a fairly constant proportionality between the various compounds present in the ex?date and in the fruits. That the process of phloem exudation has been variously interpreted in the past is apparent from the following review of literature. Since the researches of H artig and N?geli (6) it has been commonly assumed that the sieve tubes of the phloem tissue of plants are continuous elements interconnected by open pores through which substances in solution may pass more or less freely. Phloem exudation from cut cucurbit stems, described in detail by N?geli, was cited as confirming evidence for an open system; and many considered it a manifestation of the normal process of food transport. Zacharias and Kraus (6), analyzing such ex?date, showed that it contained sugar, organic nitrogen compounds, potassium, and phosphorus, all of which were presumably translocated in the phloem. The works of Fischer, Strasburger, and Hill (6) tended to confirm this early interpretation. The cucurbit sieve tube became the accepted type of food-conducting element, illustrated in elementary texts, and often cited as an example of adaptation of structure to function. To many botanists the structural aspects of the process of food transport in plants seemed clear. In 1855, however, von Mohl questioned the actual perforation of the sieve plate, contending that the middle lamella remained intact. Lecomte described the protoplasm as penetrating into the striations of the callose plates in the form of filaments terminating at the swellings in knobs. Such structures are commonly found in the position of the middle lamella of the sieve plate. The researches of Hill, Strasburger, and other early workers (?) emphasized the extreme fineness of the sieve-tube connections in many plants, the gymnosperms in particular. Kuhla (16) denied the perforation of the protoplasmic connection of the sieve plate, and since then others have shared his view (6, 9, 26, 27). If the sieve tubes are not perforate elements through which ready mass flow of solutions can take place, how are foods transported in plants? Birch-Hirschfeld (1), Dixon and Ball (12), and Mason and Lewin (18) concluded that they move through the xylem. Later, Dixon (11) and
Scalable self-orienting surfaces: a compact, texture-enhanced representation for interactive visualization of 3D vector fields

This paper presents a study of field line visualization techniques. To address both the computational and perceptual issues in visualizing large scale, complex, dense field line data commonly found in many scientific applications, a new texture-based field line representation which we call self-orienting surfaces is introduced This scalable representation facilitates hardware-accelerated rendering and incorporation of various perceptually-effective techniques, resulting in intuitive visualization and interpretation of the data under study. An electromagnetic data set obtained from accelerator modeling and a fluid flow data set from aerodynamics modeling are used for evaluation and demonstration of the techniques.
Segregation of VE-cadherin from the LBRC depends on the ectodomain sequence required for homophilic adhesion.

The lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC) is a reticulum of perijunctional tubulovesicular membrane that is continuous with the plasmalemma of endothelial cells and is essential for efficient transendothelial migration (TEM) of leukocytes. The LBRC contains molecules involved in TEM, such as PECAM, PVR and CD99, but not VE-cadherin. Despite its importance, how membrane proteins are included in or excluded from the LBRC is not known. Immunoelectron microscopy and biochemical approaches demonstrate that inclusion into the LBRC is the default pathway for transmembrane molecules present at endothelial cell borders. A chimeric molecule composed of the extracellular domain of VE-cadherin and cytoplasmic tail of PECAM (VE-CAD/PECAM) did not enter the LBRC, suggesting that VE-cadherin was excluded by a mechanism involving its extracellular domain. Deletion of the homophilic interaction domain EC1 or the homophilic interaction motif RVDAE allowed VE-CAD/PECAM and even native VE-cadherin to enter the LBRC. Similarly, treatment with RVDAE peptide to block homophilic VE-cadherin interactions allowed endogenous VE-cadherin to enter the LBRC. This suggests that homophilic interactions of VE-cadherin stabilize it at cell borders and prevent entry into the LBRC.
Narratives of the Incas

Narratives of the Incas. Juan De Betanzos. Translated and edited by Roland Hamilton and Dana Buchanan from the Palma de Mallorca manuscript. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1996. 326 pp.
Tracking a non-cooperative mobile target using low-power pulsed Doppler radars

Most target tracking applications developed for wireless sensor networks thus far employ passive sensors which detect the target's emissions. Their performance is thereby dictated by the magnitude of the target's signal and the receivers' sensitivity. Instead, we propose using a network of low-power Doppler radars that actively measure the target's radial velocity. Nodes combine their measurements to solve a system of nonlinear equations that estimate the target's position and velocity. Because these equations have no closed-form solutions we solve them using numerical methods. These methods however can lead to local minima or even diverge in the presence of even small measurement noise. For this reason we couple the proposed numerical method with an Extended Kalman filter that models the target's movement along a straight line. Clearly the target does not always follow a linear path and so we augment this simple Kalman filter with a method that detects the target's turns and updates the filter's dynamical model accordingly. The combination of the two approaches improve tracking accuracy compared to the numerical solution alone. Results from simulations and a prototype implementation suggest that the combined solution can effectively track a mobile target with average localization error as low as 25 cm in a 10×10 m outdoor field.
Influence of a hot and humid environment upon cardiac output and work in normal man and in patients with chronic congestive heart failure at rest.

Abstract Acute experiments on normal subjects and patients with chronic congestive heart failure, at rest, revealed that a hot and humid environment produced a considerable increase in cardiac work, cardiac output, and stroke volume in the normal subjects and definite, but less, increase in the patients with congestive heart failure. The increase in cardiac work and output occurred more as a result of a larger stroke volume than greater cardiac rate, in comparison with effects of exercise reported by others. Other cardiovascular and respiratory phenomena were also observed. There is evidence from these results and the cardiac response that a hot and humid environment produced a considerable stress upon the heart and circulation. The possible therapeutic implications in subjects with cardiovascular disease and other illnesses have been discussed.
Communications: technology transfer in the developed world.

Abstract Support for research is increasingly dependent upon the results of that research having relevance to society's needs and public benefits. This increases pressure to move research results out of the laboratory and into the user's hands. To facilitate this, a variety of technology transfer mechanisms have evolved to facilitate transfer of knowledge and processes. These mechanisms, in addition to their implied benefits for the researchers and the user, often have certain consequences which are unanticipated and cause transfer to fail or not meet expectations. Foremost, cultural change on the part of both private organizations and public laboratories is probably necessary to allow effetive partnerships. Coupled with the transfer of knowledge is the opportunity to more effectively explain to society the benefits it receives for its investments in research. Such communication has not been especially successful for veterinary parasitology. However, the revolution in communication (e.g. rise of mass media, computer networks) presents new opportunities to parasitologists to more effectively communicate both technology and knowledge directly to the users, and also to inform supporters, policy-makers and the general public of the relevance and importance of veterinary parasitology in improving society's well-being. This review will discuss these new instruments of communication, the need to construct better messages, the benefits of technology transfer and the various means to meet the challenges associated with transferring research innovation to the user and the marketplace.
Associations between bone mineral density and urinary phthalate metabolites among post-menopausal women: a cross-sectional study of NHANES data 2005–2010

Bone mineral density (BMD) decreases with age, especially among post-menopausal women. Exposures to endocrine disruptors, such as phthalate diesters, could alter BMD through a variety of unidentified mechanisms. A hypothesis-generating study investigated associations between urinary phthalate metabolites and BMD at the femoral neck and spine in post-menopausal women (n = 480) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, from 2005 to 2010. Mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), molar sum of low molecular weight metabolites (mono-n-butyl phthalate (MNBP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MIBP), MEP), molar sum of estrogenic metabolites (MNBP, MIBP, MEP, mono-benzyl phthalate (MBZP)), and an estrogenic equivalency factor were negatively associated with spinal BMD. Some associations were modified by age or BMI. The cross-sectional study design, uncertainty regarding the critical time window of exposure, the potential for exposure misclassification, and residual confounding limit our abilities to draw causal conclusions regarding phthalate metabolites and BMD in post-menopausal women. Future studies should address these limitations.
ENTROPY AND DISSIPATIVE PROCESSES OF FRICTION AND WEAR

Friction and wear, often treated as unrelated, distinct phenomena, are manifestations of the same dissipative physical processes occurring at sliding interfaces. Friction force dissipates power and generates entropy. Wear irreversibly changes a material structure, often with loss of material. Associated with both friction and wear is production of irreversible entropy by interfacial dissipative processes. This article relates friction and wear through the irreversible dissipative processes occurring at sliding interfaces and the concomitant entropy produced. First, friction, wear and laws of thermodynamics are reviewed. Dissipative processes common to sliding interfaces and associated with types of friction and wear are identified and discussed. Finally, friction and wear are related to these processes, and to each other, via the Degradation-Entropy Generation theorem, which formulates wear in terms of the irreversible entropy produced, and a combination of the first and second laws of thermodynamics that relates work of friction to the irreversible entropy of the dissipative processes.
Police Scholarship for the Future: Resisting the Pull of the Policy Audience

The essay argues that the police scholars in the 1980s and 1990s have not done as much theoretically-driven empirical research as previously because they have been primarily concerned with the needs of more specialized policy audiences. As police scholars internalize the interests and agendas of police leaders and policymakers, they become advocates of police reform agendas, and the quality of police scholarship becomes impoverished. The essay reviews David Bayley's Police for the Future (Oxford Univ. Press, 1994), which is a good example of the pull of the policy audience in police scholarship. The goal of Police for the Future is to provide police leaders and policy makers with information that will assist them to restructure police organizations so as to more effectively and efficiently prevent and control crime. Because he is writing for police leaders, politicians, and executive policymakers, Bayley's academic agenda is atheoretical, and it does not seek to deepen or broaden our understanding of police institutions and behavior. This essay also reviews Paul Chevigny, Edge of the Knife: Police Violence in the Americas (New Press, 1995). Because Edge of the Knife was not written for police chiefs, executive funding agencies, police foundation, legislators, or other policymakers, it retains a critical distance from their interests, frames, and agendas. Unlike much police scholarship in the past two decades, Chevigny successfully resists the intellectually deadening pull of the policy audience. Edge of the Knife is a work whose theoretical, methodological, and critical aspirations other police scholars would do well to emulate in the future.
The Effect of Luminance Distribution Patterns on Occupant Preference in a Daylit Office Environment

AbstractNew research in daylighting metrics and developments in validated digital High Dynamic Range (HDR) photography techniques suggest that luminance based lighting controls have the potential to provide occupant satisfaction and energy saving improvements over traditional illuminance based lighting controls. This paper studies occupant preference and acceptance of patterns of luminance using HDR imaging and a repeated measures design methodology in a daylit office environment. Three existing luminance threshold analysis methods [method1: predetermined absolute luminance threshold (for example, 2000 cd/m2), method2: scene based mean luminance threshold and method3: task based mean luminance threshold] were studied along with additional candidate metrics for their ability to explain luminance variability of 18 participant assessments of ‘preferred’ and just disturbing' scenes under daylighting conditions. Per-pixel luminance data from each scene were used to calculate Daylighting Glare Probability (DGP)...
Localized synthesis of the Vg1 protein during early Xenopus development

The Xenopus Vg1 gene encodes a maternal mRNA that is localized to the vegetal hemisphere of both oocytes and embryos and encodes a protein related to the TGF-beta family of small secreted growth factors. We have raised antibodies to recombinant Vg1 protein and used them to show that Vg1 protein is first detected in stage IV oocytes and reaches maximal levels in stage VI oocytes and eggs. During embryogenesis, Vg1 protein is synthesized until the gastrula stage. The embryonically synthesized Vg1 protein is present only in vegetal cells of an early blastula. We find that Vg1 protein is glycosylated and associated with membranes in the early embryo. Our results also suggest that a small proportion of the full-length Vg1 protein is cleaved to give a small peptide of M(r) = approximately 17 × 10(3). These results support the proposal that the Vg1 protein is an endogenous growth-factor-like molecule involved in mesoderm induction within the amphibian embryo.
Designing Mimics of Membrane Active Proteins

As a semipermeable barrier that controls the flux of biomolecules in and out the cell, the plasma membrane is critical in cell function and survival. Many proteins interact with the plasma membrane and modulate its physiology. Within this large landscape of membrane-active molecules, researchers have focused significant attention on two specific classes of peptides, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), because of their unique properties.In this Account, we describe our efforts over the last decade to build and understand synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (SMAMPs). These endeavors represent one specific example of a much larger effort to understand how synthetic molecules interact with and manipulate the plasma membrane.Using both defined molecular weight oligomers and easier to produce, but heterogeneous, polymers, we have generated scaffolds with biological potency exceeding that of the natural analogues. One of these compounds has progressed through a phase II cli...
Observation of Curative Effect on Budesonide Suspension Combined with Atomizing Inhalation to Treat Bronchiolitis

Objective To observe the curative effect of budesonide suspension.ipratropium bromide and salbutamol sulfate solution combined atomizing inhalation to treat bronchiolitis.Method 166 cases with brochiolitis were divided into two groups randomly,the control group was given regular treatment,and salbutamol sulfate solution,ipratropium bromide,sodium chloride were mixed to atomizing inhalation by compressor pump,three times a day.On the control group's basis,the treatment group was given treatment of budesonide suspension,ipratropium bromide and salbutamol sulfate solution combined atomizing inhalation,two times a day.The course of treatment of bothgroups were 5 to 7 days.Results Compared with the control group,the effective rate in the treatment group was obviously higher than that in the control group(P 0.05),the time of symptoms and physical sign vanishing was shorter in the treatment group.Conclusion Combining budesonide suspension ipratropium bromide and salbutamol sulfate solution atomization inhalation has good curative effect without untoward reaction,which is worthy of clinical application.
Knee Arthrodesis in Navajo Familial Neurogenic Arthropathy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Navajo familial neurogenic arthropathy (NFNA) is a rare form of hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy found in the Navajo population. It usually becomes clinically apparent during the first two decades of life, with unrecognized fractures, Charcot joints as a result of sensory deficits to deep pain, hypohidrosis, and heat intolerance1. Orthopaedic manifestations secondary to NFNA have been described2; however, to the best of our knowledge, reports of treatment outcomes in the literature are limited. An online database search on MEDLINE was conducted with the words “Navajo Familial Neurogenic Arthropathy” as Medical Subject Headings and keywords. Because of the limited amount of published information on the subject matter, no language restrictions or limitations were applied. This case report describes a fifteen-year-old Native American boy with NFNA that resulted in complete destruction of the right knee. He was treated with knee arthrodesis; follow-up occurred nearly two years postsurgery. Despite residual limb-length inequality and peroneal nerve palsy, knee arthrodesis restored the boy’s ability to walk. The patient and his parents were informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and they provided consent. An eight-year-old Navajo boy presented for pediatric orthopaedic consultation with a painless right knee effusion several weeks after injuring the knee while wrestling with his father. The patient had no notable medical history, and there was no family history of musculoskeletal problems. It was noted that he frequently became overheated. Physical examination revealed a knee effusion, a posterior drawer sign, a positive Lachman sign of approximately 8 mm, and a grade-I pivot shift. The patient exhibited dry, thickened palmar and plantar skin, absent muscle stretch reflexes, and generalized lack of pinprick sensation. Radiographs of the knee revealed a large joint effusion, osseous sclerosis, and osseous defects involving the lateral femoral condyle and patella (Fig. …
An integrated systems model for energy services in rural developing communities

Abstract This paper develops a systems-based integrated model for investigating the impacts of various energy technologies as applied to meet specific energy needs in a rural developing village. The model enables the designer to examine of a variety of energy technology components subject to local and global constraints and reports the outcomes in terms of multiple objectives including energy consumption, climate effects, health impacts, cost analyses, and social considerations. It enables accounting for important application factors such as usability, multi-functionality, stacking and incomplete displacement of traditional methods, opportunity costs, effective discount rates, and impact to quality of life. Use of the model to analyze the baseline case of a well-characterized village in Mali revealed the conflicts between social, economic, and environmental objectives that often exist between stakeholders, highlighting the importance of attention to consumer preference. Analysis based on disaggregated energy needs illustrated that often the relative impacts between energy strategies are not immediately evident, suggesting that holistic systems-level analyses are critical before selecting a specific strategy to supply improved energy services to households in a community.
‘We have education, I can say that’: worldview and access to education for adult refugees

We present a discourse analysis of narratives from two adult Congolese refugees, focused on the influence of worldview (including cultural mindset, personal world, and perspective) on thinking about accessing higher education. We examined narrative structure (Gee 2011), subject statements, and Underhill's (2009) three elements of worldview in the narratives. Both participants held a cultural mindset that highly valued education, but their personal worlds and perspectives differed, perhaps explaining their different decisions about accessing higher education. Findings suggest implications for supporting adult refugee education, particularly their aspirations for accessing higher education.
Pathology of Anaplastic Carcinoma

Anaplastic carcinoma (undifferentiated carcinoma) is a rare extremely malignant neoplasm and is usually fatal (mortality rate at 1 year 90 %). From a clinical standpoint, the thyroid gland in these patients has often been enlarged for years, containing multiple nodules or a low-grade, well-differentiated carcinoma that has grown slowly. Recent rapid growth with tracheal compromise is often noted. Clinically and surgically these cancers usually infiltrate and replace the thyroid parenchyma and the juxtathyroidal tissues. Metastases to the regional lymph nodes and lungs are common.
A Dynamic Covert Passive Actors Detection Scheme for a Healthy Networked Community

For a network community, passive attacks are of the nature of eavesdropping on, monitoring of, transmissions where the goal of the attacker is to obtain information that is being transmitted. Unlike active attacks that are easy to detect and prevent, passive attacks are difficult to detect and therefore hard to prevent. Research in this area has mainly focused on preventing the attacks rather than detecting the covert attacker. For example existing eavesdropping schemes address the problem mainly by employing encryption. But encryption by itself is not enough because passive attacks can occur in more ways than just observing exposed data. It is also known that encryption is not always applicable for example in open wireless communication protocols. This observation has motivated us to design a scheme that aims to reduce such attackers' capability extent by intercepting and eradicating them as soon as possible. Our scheme detects, sequesters, investigates, and expels such malicious passive actors from the networked community.
Transition from metal-ligand bonding to halogen bonding involving a metal as halogen acceptor a study of Cu, Ag, Au, Pt, and Hg complexes

Abstract Utilizing all-electron Dirac-exact relativistic calculations with the Normalized Elimination of the Small Component (NESC) method and the local vibrational mode approach, the transition from metal-halide to metal halogen bonding is determined for Au-complexes interacting with halogen-donors. The local stretching force constants of the metal-halogen interactions reveal a smooth transition from weak non-covalent halogen bonding to non-classical 3-center-4-electron bonding and finally covalent metal-halide bonding. The strongest halogen bonds are found for dialkylaurates interacting with Cl 2 or FCl. Differing trends in the intrinsic halogen-metal bond strength, the binding energy, and the electrostatic potential are explained.
Immigration Detention, Inc.:

This article addresses the influence of economic inequality on immigration detention. The US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) detains roughly 350,000 migrants each year and maintains more than...
Barotropic and Baroclinic Instabilities of Axisymmetric Vortices in a Quasigeostrophic Model

Abstract We investigate here the finite-amplitude evolution of isolated, axisymmetric barotropic and baroclinic vortices perturbed by an unstable normal mode, with an azimuthal wavenumber ranging between 1 and 5, in one- and two-layer quasi-geostrophic models. For the barotropic instability, the nonlinear evolution is very much dependent on the horizontal mean vorticity profile, while the baroclinic instability is less sensitive to it. Many numerical examples show that, at modest supercriticahty, perturbations with a moderate amplitude lead to a finite-amplitude stabilization. For azimuthal wavenumber 2, the stabilization behavior is oscillatory about a tripolar steady state in both the one- and two-layer models. In both models an analysis of energy transfers among azimuthal modes demonstrates the similarity of the equilibration processes. Semi-analytical techniques are under development to allow a fuller interpretation of the numerical solutions.
Evaluation with Respect to Usefulness

Commercial web search engines are used by millions of users across the globe on a daily basis to assist their information needs. A user enters a query in the search box and expects the search engine to return relevant search results. Evaluating the quality of search results is a very important aspect in the development and maintenance of those systems. In this paper we describe some of the current approaches for assessing quality in an industrial setting.
A Short Letter on Religious Toleration

This paper takes the form of aletter to fledgling democracies such asAlgeria, Turkey, and Iran. It explores thenature of democracy and argues that theequality of citizens requires that differentreligions be treated equally. It presents some``lessons'' from United States constitutionalhistory which might be useful to fledglingdemocracies as they seek to achieve aseparation of church and state. Developing atheme first presented in ``A Third Principle ofJustice,'' The Journal of Ethics 1 (1997),pp. 355–374, it argues that religious tolerationsometimes may require a heightened sensitivityto the needs of some religious associations. Itconcludes, however, that religious tolerationdoes not require a toleration of intolerantreligious extremists who pose a threat todemocracy.
Ist Durkheims Religionsverständnis mit dem Glauben vereinbar

Stellt Emile Durkheims Religionssoziologie eine Herausforderung fur Glaubige dar? In der Auseinandersetzung mit zeitgenossischen Nichtglaubigen und Glaubigen verneinte Durkheim dies. Er beschrieb Religion nicht als blose Illusion, sondern bestehend aus moralischen Kraften, die die Glaubigen fuhren, trosten und starken, Kraften, die in ihnen durch die kollektive Efferveszenz von Ritualen hervorgebracht und erneuert werden. Dadurch ermachtigt, stellen sich die Glaubigen auf symbolische Weise „die Gesellschaft [vor], deren Mitglieder sie sind, und die dunklen, aber engen Beziehungen, die sie mit ihr haben“. Es wird in dem Beitrag gezeigt, dass Durkheims Antwort aus drei Elementen besteht: einer Kritik der naturistischen und animistischen „Irrtumstheorien“ der Religion; einer Methode der „Tiefeninterpretation“, die die Realitat unter dem Symbolismus aufdeckt; und einer Erklarung, warum der auf diese Weise interpretierte Sinn der Religion von den Glaubigen so lange nicht anerkannt wurde. Es wird argumentiert, dass sich die Glaubigen prinzipiell unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen mit seiner Religionssoziologie arrangieren konnen. Aber das wiederum geht mit Grundannahmen und Behauptungen einher, die ernsthaft infrage gestellt wurden: namentlich, dass „Religion“ ein einheitliches Phanomen bezeichnet und dass Durkheims Definition dieses erfasst. Es werden aktuelle, revidierte durkheimianische Ansatze zum religiosen Denken und zur religiosen Praxis betrachtet, die diese Annahmen und auch seinen „sozialen Realismus“ fallen lassen, wahrend sie seine Einsichten zu bewahren versuchen. Es wird argumentiert, dass auch diese Ansatze den religiosen Glauben nicht direkt infrage stellen mussen, wie es die kognitive Religionswissenschaft tut.
Bloodless tandem autologous stem cell transplant for multiple myeloma in Jehovah's Witness patients.

e19523Background:, Cases of Jehovah’s Witnesses (JW) who undergo, and survive, autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplant(SCT) are increasingly reported. Tandem autologous stem cell transplanta...
Development and preclinical testing of a novel biodegradable hydrogel vaginal packing technology for gynecologic high-dose-rate brachytherapy

Purpose We evaluated the performance of a novel hydrogel-based strategy developed for clinical use as vaginal packing using phantoms and cadavers, and to compare the hydrogel to gauze and balloon packing. Material and methods The biocompatible hydrogel is based on a thiol-Michael addition reaction, with delivery of reagents into the vaginal cavity using a custom-made system. Soft-cured cadavers were used for soft tissue-like mechanical properties. Two cadavers with intact uteri had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatible with tandem and ovoids. For one cadaver, the temperature of the vaginal canal was measured before hydrogel application, during polymerization, and after hydrogel removal. The hydrogel packing and applicator was kept in a second cadaver, which was imaged using computed tomography (CT) and MRI. The hydrogel packing and imaging was repeated for an open multichannel MRI compatible, titanium-based vaginal cylinder placed in a post-hysterectomy cadaver. Results The gel reaction occurred within 90 seconds, indicating polymerization at clinical quantities with a 5°C increase in vaginal temperature. CT and MRI imaging identified the hydrogel readily and showed a conformance to anatomy with few air pockets. The entire hydrogel packing was readily retrieved upon completion of imaging. Conclusions The novel strategy for polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based hydrogel intra-vaginal packing was able to rapidly polymerize in human cadavers with minimal heat production. Delivery was efficient and able to fill the contours of the vaginal cavity and displace tissue away from the applicator axis. The hydrogel has favorable imaging characteristics on CT and MRI, and shows a potential for clinical use, warranting additional studies for the use in humans.
Evidence-Based Practice Competence in Nursing Students: An Exploratory Study With Important Implications for Educators.

Background Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a core pillar of nursing education and an expectation in clinical practice. Students struggle to conceptualize the use of EBP into actual clinical practice despite the development of EBP competencies. Aims This study explored perceptions of EBP education and competence in baccalaureate students using Melnyk's (Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 11, 2014 and 5) EBP competencies for practicing registered nurses as a basis for comparison. Methods The researchers used a sequential, mixed-methods design. A survey was developed to assess information sources and patterns of use, and semistructured interviews explored factors affecting students' understanding of EBP and information-seeking behaviors in the clinical setting. Findings There were 118 participants in the survey and 12 in follow-up interviews. A major theme was that participants had difficulties distinguishing between EBP and research. Students were able to identify experiences that fostered attainment of basic EBP competencies, such as searching for evidence, but were less able to describe higher-order activities such as integrating evidence to plan EBP changes or disseminating best practices. Linking evidence to action Clinical learning environments are an ideal place to apply and see EBP in action, but nurse educators cannot assume students arrive ready to apply EBP knowledge and skills to clinical practice. Nurse educators need evidence-based tools to assess student EBP competence across a variety of settings. Research examining the generalizability of the EBP competencies in varying curricular models as well as didactic and clinical settings is needed.
Emotional Analysis with News Using Text Mining for Framing Theory.

Framing theory posits that the media tend to present a constructed “reality” by selecting and highlighting particular aspects of reality while obscuring or omitting others. Hence, this process leads the audience or readers to a particular understanding of reality. Depending on how each event or issue is defined, the same event can be presented and understood in different ways or through different frames. “Traditional” or typical framing research has used content analysis to identify such frames by examining major news sources that each story adopted, words used, and the tone of the stories. However, this study aims to extend this framing research to a different level by using computer-assisted analysis. This new method allows us to analyze massive data and to visualize the representation through text-mining, natural language processing, and emotion lexicon. Within the broad framing approach, this study intends to show how major newspapers of several countries depict leaders of North Korea and South Korea. The following research questions are addressed in this study: How each leader of two Koreas is represented by different countries’ press? What image is dominant? How similar or different is the portrayed image? A total of eight newspapers written in English from six countries were selected for this case study: The Chosunilbo, The Korea Times, The Hankyoreh from South Korea, Uriminzokkiri from North Korea, The New York Times from USA, The Globe and Mail from Canada, People’s Daily from China and Thanh Nien Daily from Vietnam. Each of these countries was selected based on the history and geopolitical relations with two Koreas. Using a keyword search such as Jong-un Kim, Guen-Hye Park, national leader, or president, we identified relevant articles from these eight newspapers and analyzed them by using text mining and Natural Language Processing (NLP). Emotion analysis is a Lexicon-based method that can detect different emotions expressed in news stories. We assumed that various degrees of emotions associated with each leader would indicate the nature or orientation of reported frames. For this analysis, NRC Emotion Lexicon dictionary developed by Paul Ekman theory who identified a total of six emotions with 14,182 words was used. Then, the sentence score for each emotion was calculated. The significant contribution of this study is to present a new method of text mining and big data analysis for framing studies and to show how the overall media frames could be visualized for clear and better understanding of media representation.
Probing the Evolution of Molecular Packing Underlying HJ-Aggregate Transition in Organic Semiconductors Using Solvent Vapor Annealing

In this work, we used solvent vapor annealing as a route toward controlled cluster growth of a nitrogen-substituted terrylene molecule (7,8,15,16-tetrazaterrylene or TAT) to probe the underlying molecular packing behind the exciton band curvature (EBC) inversion leading to a so-called HJ aggregates. Using a suite of photoluminescence (PL) imaging tools, we show that the EBC—as signaled by PL spectral signatures—are correlated with distinct polarization and defocused emission patterns suggestive of a high degree of chromophore alignment. Selected area electron diffraction showed that the small aggregates adopt nominally the same crystal packing structure as the extended crystals though with a different plane orientation ([010] vs [011]) with respect to the surface normal. These findings demonstrate experimentally that the EBC inversion is not due to a crystal polymorphism but, rather subtle differences in molecular registration that profoundly impacts interchromophore coupling.
Preclinical validation of the Ga-68-bombesin antagonist BAY 86-7548 for a phase I study in prostate cancer patients

177 Objectives The bombesin antagonist BAY 86-7548 ([68Ga]-DOTA-4-amino-1-carboxymethylpiperidine-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2; also known as RM2) was prepared for a Phase I study in prostate cancer patients after development of a suitable manufacturing process and validation of its preclinical characteristics. Methods The radiosynthesis was performed with an automated synthesis module (E&Z Modular Lab & IGG 100). Synthesis, sterile filtration and filling were accomplished under GMP conditions. Binding affinity and specificity were confirmed on bombesin receptor overexpressing membranes and determined by autoradiography on rat, dog and guinea pig tissues. In vitro, off-target binding was assessed in a panel screen, and the genotoxic potential in abbreviated versions of the Ames and the micronucleus test. In vivo safety pharmacology studies addressed potential effects on central nervous systems, hemodynamics and pulmonary functions. An extended single-dose study according to ICH-M3 (R2) guideline was conducted in rats. Dynamic PET imaging of BAY 86-7548 in anaesthetized PC-3 tumor bearing mice was conducted for 60 min. Results The typical average yield of the radiosynthesis was 70% (decay corrected) and the radiochemical purity (HPLC) was ≥ 95%. The overall synthesis time including purification did not exceed 25 min. High and GRPr-specific binding affinity (IC50 1000. Dynamic PET showed rapid and long-lasting PC-3 tumor uptake. Conclusions Based on the available preclinical data showing promising tumor targeting of BAY 86-7548 and an excellent safety profile, a first clinical Proof of Mechanism study was planned (Study 14269) in prostate cancer patients
A Closer Examination of the Mechanism of the Hydrogen Peroxide Iodine-Clock Reaction with Respect to the Role of Hypoiodite Species

One step of the published mechanism of the hydrogen peroxide iodine-clock reaction is called into question by the result of an experimental attempt (predicated on that mechanism) to integrate that reaction into the elephant’s toothpaste demonstration to reveal and control its iodine side product. Under conditions that were a hybrid of those demonstrations (starch and thiosulfate added to the elephant’s toothpaste demonstration), there was a pronounced induction period preceding the appearance of both iodine and oxygen. This induction period for both of these products indicated that the reductant reacted not with iodine but with the transient intermediate, hypoiodous acid (or hypoiodite), common to both iodine and oxygen generation. Additional experiments based on the reaction of thiosulfate with 8 times more moles of hypoiodite than moles of iodine supported this conclusion.
Control Barrier Functions for Abstraction-Free Control Synthesis under Temporal Logic Constraints

Temporal logic has been widely used to express complex task specifications for cyber-physical systems (CPSs). One way to synthesize a controller for CPS under temporal logic constraints is to first abstract the CPS as a discrete transition system, and then apply formal methods. This approach, however, is computationally demanding and its scalability suffers due to the curse of dimensionality. In this paper, we propose a control barrier function (CBF) approach to abstraction-free control synthesis under a linear temporal logic (LTL) constraint. We first construct the deterministic Rabin automaton of the specification and compute an accepting run. We then compute a sequence of LTL formulae, each of which must be satisfied during a particular time interval, and prove that satisfying the sequence of formulae is sufficient to satisfy the LTL specification. Finally, we compute a control policy for satisfying each formula by constructing an appropriate CBF. We present a quadratic program to compute the controllers, and show the controllers synthesized using the proposed approach guarantees the system to satisfy the LTL specification, provided the quadratic program is feasible at each time step. A numerical case study is presented to demonstrate the proposed approach.
Trauma Sex: A Queercrip Erotic

Sometimes sex is really fucking hard. Pun intended. This essay explores the role of trauma in sex, arguing that experiences of trauma can reconstitute the erotic in ways that are incompatible with prevailing discourses on queerness, consent, and sexual violence. "Trauma sex" is a way of capturing the queer and crip flavors of this erotic reconstitution by demonstrating how many of us experience sex, sexuality, and desire in ways that go unremarked on by disability and queer studies, independently. Grounded in "conscientious intimacy," trauma sex brings together disability and queer studies to call for an opening up of desire, a radical expansion of what we acknowledge as sex, sexual, and sexy, by attending to the troubling absence of disability from queer theory, of trauma from disability studies, and of the inadequate attention to race and processes of racialization in both fields. Sex and trauma are complicated, this essay suggests, so our conversations about them should be too.
Influence of fire retardant and pyrogenic carbon on microscale changes in soil nitrogen and phosphorus

During wildfire season in the western US, fire retardant chemicals are dropped from aircraft in an effort to control the spread of fire. Fire retardant dropped on sites that are not actively burning results in exceptionally high soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) “fertilization” effect on wildland soils impacting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Herein, we used microdialysis to evaluate the short-term spatiotemporal dynamics of soil inorganic N and ortho-P fluxes in response to wood pyrogenic carbon (PyC) on soils receiving fire retardant (Phos-Chek) in a 28-d column experiment. Retardant additions to soil induced dramatic increases in soil inorganic N and ortho-P flux rates. The addition of wood PyC to soils with retardant significantly and immediately reduced ortho-P flux rates at multiple depths (1, 5, and 10 cm) and reduced NH4+ flux rates at 10 cm while retaining flux rates at 1 and 5 cm. These effects were observed throughout the course of the experiment and were more pronounced towards the end of the experiment. By d-28, PyC significantly reduced the NH4+, NO3−, and ortho-P accumulation on ionic resins at soil column bottoms by 50%, 52%, and 43%, respectively. The application of wood PyC may be effective at buffering excess nutrient fluxes from fire retardant and reduce short-term nutrient leaching in unburnt forest soils exposed to fire retardant.
O PERFIL DE LIDERANÇA DA MULHER NEGRA NO PÓS-COLONIALISMO

This paper aims to problematize marginalized minorities, highlighting the black community of the periphery, candomble, axe, a minority still more invisible by classism, racism, and religious intolerance. This condition started with the extermination of its history by the dominant elite, especially the European, white, and enslaving elite that endures today, causing a lack of knowledge of many people of their origin and their descendants. This writing explores to praise and enhance this community's history, visualizing the black race and culture, taking into consideration, mainly its ancestry, since to speak of people, it is necessary to know its roots, past, and history. Black women's leadership profile was traced back to the colonial period when there was no distinction between black women and black men's work. Many women became leaders precisely because of these conditions. It was a resistance that became a legacy because today we know about these women, protagonists of their stories, and our history.