cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the intervention effect on urinary iodine content in children in northern Xinjiang

Objective To change the situation of iodine deficiency and iodine excess in school children in northern Xinjiang,and to improve the iodine nutrition level of school children. Methods According to the frequency distribution of urine iodine,the iodine excess children were grouped to control salt iodine intake. The iodine deficiency children were carried out iodine salt detection to ensure adequate intake of iodine,with ammonium persulfate digestion-arsenic cerium spectrophotometry for determination of urinary iodine catalysis,and the intervention results were evaluated. Results Through the interference,the satisfaction rate of iodine excess children increased by 84%,while that of iodine deficiency children increased by 89. 40%. Conclusion Control of salt iodine intake can reduce the proportion of iodine excess children. Continuous iodized salt detection and qualified iodized salt are the fundamental measures to eliminate iodine deficiency disease. Intervention on the children with abnormal iodine content can improve the appropriate intake rate of iodine salt.
Rehabilitation of the athlete with low back dysfunction.

Although physically fit individuals have a lower incidence of back pain than deconditioned individuals, back problems can be as disabling in sports as they are in the general population. In the absence of significant structural abnormalities (fractures, significant spondylolysthesis, spinal instability) back dysfunction in the athlete can be evaluated and treated based on symptomatic responses. Back injuries are classified into disk problems, muscular problems, and hypermobility/hypomobility problems in this article.
A checklist of Cicadidae (Insecta: Hemiptera) from Cambodia, with two new species and a key to the genus Lemuriana

This paper provides the first faunal checklist of Cicadidae (Insecta: Hemiptera) from Cambodia, comprising 25 species belonging to 16 genera. Two new species, Tanna kimtaewooi sp. nov. and Lemuriana cambodiana sp. nov., are described. Platypleura mira Distant, 1904, Chremistica moultoni Boulard, 2002, Cryptotympana recta (Walker, 1850), Pomponia subtilita Lee, 2009, Purana parvituberculata Kos & Gogala, 2000, Orientopsaltria padda (Distant, 1887), and Platylomia malickyi Beuk, 1998 are newly added to the cicada fauna of Cambodia. Megapomponia imperatoria (Westwood, 1842), which was erroneously recorded due to misidentification, is removed from the fauna. Information on geographic distributions is also provided. A key to the species of the genus Lemuriana Distant 1905 is provided.
Effects of an International Experience Requirement, Year in School, and Preferred Program Duration on Student Interest in Study Abroad

This study was conducted at a large research university in the western U.S.A that shares many postsecondary educational institutions’ goal of increasing the number of students engaged in international experiences. To achieve this goal, this institution has implemented an international experience requirement (IER) for approximately 30 disciplines. The aim of this research was to 1) determine if there exists a difference in desired program duration between students who are subject to the IER and those are not, 2) establishwhether degree of interest in study abroad differs by year in school and 3)examine differences in degree of interest in study abroad by the existence or absence of the IER, preferred program duration, and the interaction of these factors. The author’s intent was to augment the cumulative understanding of the field of international education by exploring the area of required international experience, which to date has not been adequately studied. As institutions take measures to send larger proportions of their student body abroad this topic will become increasingly relevant. Existing studies in this area are discussed below.
Critical nitric oxide concentration for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm reduction on polyurethane substrates

Bacterial colonies that reside on a surface, known as biofilms, are intrinsically impenetrable to traditional antibiotics, ultimately driving research toward an alternative therapeutic approach. Nitric oxide (NO) has gained attention for its biologically beneficial properties, particularly centered around its antibacterial capabilities. NO donors that can release the molecule under physiological conditions (such as S-nitrosothiols) can be utilized in clinical settings to combat bacterial biofilm infections. Herein the authors describe determining a critical concentration of NO necessary to cause >90% reduction of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm grown on medical grade polyurethane films. The biofilm was grown under optimal culture conditions [in nutrient broth media (NBM) at 37 °C] for 24 h before the addition of the NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in NBM for an additional 24 h. The cellular viability of the biofilm after the challenge period was tested using varying concentrations of NO to determine...
Area effect - and its extremal basis - for the electric breakdown of insulating oil

The dielectric strength of liquids has been found to depend on electrode area. A study of 1600 observations of transformer oil breakdown, using four pairs of uniform-field (Rogowski) gaps, has established the extremal(1) nature of such breakdown distributions, and yielded an area-effect equation which agrees closely with test results.
Purpose across the Lifespan

Purpose represents a long term aspiration that grows, recedes, and evolves over the course of the lifespan. While children lack the cognitive structures required to seriously contemplate and intentionally commit to purposes, they are able to engage in potentially purposeful activities. Some youth find these activities to be particularly meaningful, and over time their interests may take shape as purposes. This process typically coincides with the development of identity; as young people begin to explore who they hope to become, some also start to consider what they hope to accomplish. Accordingly, rates of purpose tend to peak immediately following adolescence and drop slightly in midlife and more dramatically in later adulthood. The drop in rates of purpose in later life is due in part to a decrease in the availability of potentially purposeful social roles. Many individuals find purpose in their work and as parents, and these roles tend to end as older adults retire and launch their adult children. Given that pursuing purpose is associated with a variety of physical and psychological benefits, this issue, often termed the structural lag problem, should be addressed.
Implementation and analysis of spectral subtraction in deterministic wide-band anti-jamming scenarios

In this paper, we propose an approach for mitigating deterministic and partially deterministic jamming signals from the received signal space, thus yielding recoverable signal vectors at a target receiver. Aimed at friendly or self-jamming environments, where enemy communication jamming is paramount. The proposed approach employs a concept called spectral subtraction, where one or more known signals can be removed from the received signal space via the subtraction of their spectral characteristics from the received composite signal. Although spectral subtraction is used in a variety of speech communication scenarios, it has not been extensively employed in wireless applications because of several practical challenges, such as achieving both sufficient time alignment and accurate waveform characterization of the signal to be removed. In order to assess these challenges, as well as analyze the potential benefits of the proposed approach, validation was performed using actual over-the-air experimentation using software-defined radio technology. The feasibility study of the proposed approach for achieving sufficient signal removal was examined for a constrained operating scenario, and experimental results show that spectral subtraction can be achieved in a physical transmission environment. Although physical simulations were limited, they provide baseline results for a previously untested method of jammer suppression. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atomistic prediction of plane stress behavior of glassy thermosets

Abstract When any covalent bond energy reached a threshold indicative of incipient bond scission, the simulation was stopped. This method was used to examine the responses of three highly-crosslinked epoxy systems. Systems were large enough to include 110 to 480 crosslink sites. Both elastic and yield properties show good agreement with the experiments of others. Continuum yield theories commonly applied to polymers are compared with the data. A Drucker-Prager pressure-dependent yield function applied best in the second and third quadrants of the σ1 σ2 domain. In the first quadrant, however, data more closely match a normal-stress-yielding criterion. In biaxial tension and simple tension, plastic behavior and large growth in nano-porosity were observed. Ductility was lowest in simple tension and biaxial compression. In simple tension, the bonds at crosslink sites and in ether linkages were the most highly strained whereas carbon-carbon backbone bonds between phenyl groups were highly strained in other cases. When system energy at imminent bond rupture was divided on a per-atom basis, consistency with Peterlin’s theory for molecular rupture was found.
Optimized multilayer interference for color-tuning in colloidal quantum dot solar cells

We develop a method that combines thin film interference modeling with population-based optimization algorithms to demonstrate infrared-responsive color-tuned colloidal quantum dot solar cells with 10 to 15 mA/cm2 photocurrents and semi-transparent cells with ∼30% transparencies.
Mechanosensing of matrix by stem cells: From matrix heterogeneity, contractility, and the nucleus in pore-migration to cardiogenesis and muscle stem cells in vivo

Stem cells are particularly 'plastic' cell types that are induced by various cues to become specialized, tissue-functional lineages by switching on the expression of specific gene programs. Matrix stiffness is among the cues that multiple stem cell types can sense and respond to. This seminar-style review focuses on mechanosensing of matrix elasticity in the differentiation or early maturation of a few illustrative stem cell types, with an intended audience of biologists and physical scientists. Contractile forces applied by a cell's acto-myosin cytoskeleton are often resisted by the extracellular matrix and transduced through adhesions and the cytoskeleton ultimately into the nucleus to modulate gene expression. Complexity is added by matrix heterogeneity, and careful scrutiny of the evident stiffness heterogeneity in some model systems resolves some controversies concerning matrix mechanosensing. Importantly, local stiffness tends to dominate, and 'durotaxis' of stem cells toward stiff matrix reveals a dependence of persistent migration on myosin-II force generation and also rigid microtubules that confer directionality. Stem and progenitor cell migration in 3D can be further affected by matrix porosity as well as stiffness, with nuclear size and rigidity influencing niche retention and fate choices. Cell squeezing through rigid pores can even cause DNA damage and genomic changes that contribute to de-differentiation toward stem cell-like states. Contraction of acto-myosin is the essential function of striated muscle, which also exhibit mechanosensitive differentiation and maturation as illustrated in vivo by beating heart cells and by the regenerative mobilization of skeletal muscle stem cells.
Novel High Temperature Capacitive Pressure Sensor Utilizing SiC Integrated Circuit Twin Ring Oscillators

This paper describes initial development and testing of a novel high temperature capacitive pressure sensor system. The pressure sensor system consists of two 4H-SiC 11-stage ring oscillators and a SiCN capacitive pressure sensor. One oscillator has the capacitive pressure sensor fixed at one node in its feedback loop and varies as a function of pressure and temperature while the other provides a pressure-independent reference frequency which can be used to temperature compensate the output of the first oscillator. A two-day repeatability test was performed up to 500°C on the oscillators and the oscillator fundamental frequency changed by only 1%. The SiCN capacitive pressure sensor was characterized at room temperature from 0 to 300 psi. The sensor had an initial capacitance of 3.76 pF at 0 psi and 1.75 pF at 300 psi corresponding to a 54 % change in capacitance. The integrated pressure sensor system was characterized from 0 to 300 psi in steps of 50 psi over a temperature range of 25 to 500°C. The pressure sensor system sensitivity was 0.113 kHz/psi at 25°C and 0.026 kHz/psi at 500°C.
Salmonella Genotype Diversity in Nonlactating and Lactating Dairy Cows

Dairy cows may serve as asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella. The potential for herd carrier status increases with herd size, and Salmonella shedding may be triggered by stresses placed on the animals. The scope of the current study is to determine the effects lactation may have on Salmonella genotypic diversity among detected serotypes. Fecal samples were collected on two sampling dates from 60 nonlactating and 60 lactating Holstein cows. No serotype was predominant over the two collection dates, although Salmonella Albany, Salmonella Anatum, Salmonella Newport, and Salmonella Senftenberg were detected in relatively high numbers. Twenty-three genotypes were detected on the first date and 27 on the second date. The greatest genotypic diversity was seen among Salmonella Newport and Salmonella Senftenberg, with five and nine genotypes, respectively. The presence of multiple serotypes and genotypes in the herd suggests multiple contamination sources. However, there was no conclusive effect of lactation status of the cows on Salmonella genotypic shedding.
Genome Sequences of 19 Novel Erwinia amylovora Bacteriophages.

ABSTRACT Erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, a devastating disease affecting some plants of the Rosaceae family. We isolated bacteriophages from samples collected from infected apple and pear trees along the Wasatch Front in Utah. We announce 19 high-quality complete genome sequences of E. amylovora bacteriophages.
‘I Got Your Six—Maybe’: A Drafted Versus Volunteer Bond, A Drafted Versus Volunteer Loss

I argue that the bonds formed among drafted soldiers during the Vietnam War surpass the bonds of today’s ‘career soldiers’ due to the Vietnam vets’ dissimilar backgrounds, the nation’s collective scorn for their service, and their lack of training. Today’s servicemen and women enjoy common interests, national support, and intense preparation. However, these seemingly positive changes have prevented them from developing the connections needed to help them mentally navigate their tour of duty and their post-war reality. I use two Vietnam War novels, Larry Heinemann’s Close Quarters and Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried, as examples of men who had the most disadvantageous of circumstances yet formed the strongest of bonds. Conversely, I analyse Kevin Powers’ Iraq War novel, The Yellow Birds, and discuss how the shaky relationship between Bartle and Murph proves that today’s fighting men and women are ultimately disconnected from each other and therefore have no ‘love stories’ to tell.
Design of bridges with skewed abutments for a target tolerable seismic loss

Abstract A comprehensive risk based bridge design procedure through which the effect of abutment skew angle is considered upfront aiming at uniformity in seismic risk is presented. We demonstrate a method for conceptual design of bridges with skewed abutments aiming at uniform performance (i.e., tolerable loss) objectives. In the proposed technique, few simple design aid graphs are developed by estimating the bridge repair cost ratios (RCRs) at different levels of column drift ratios (CDRs) and abutment skew angles. The suggested graphs parameters are estimated by implementing a full Monte Carlo probabilistic simulation over Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) Probabilistic Based Seismic Assessment (PBSA). To show the significance of the proposed conceptual design method, a two-span Caltrans ordinary bridge class is selected for case study while various design parameters such as column diameter, column height to depth ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and span length are included as design variables. The effect of abutment skew angle on the probability of exceeding an RCR as well as probability of bridge collapse is explored by considering various bridge design parameters. Limitations of the proposed approach are discussed.
Influence of Sleep Stage on LH Pulse Initiation in the Normal Late Follicular Phase and in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Objective During the early follicular phase, sleep-related luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse initiation is positively associated with brief awakenings but negatively associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The relationship between sleep architecture and LH pulse initiation has not been assessed in other cycle stages or in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design and methods We performed concomitant frequent blood sampling (LH pulse analysis) and polysomnography on 8 normal women (cycle day 7-11) and 7 women with PCOS (at least cycle day 7). Results In the normal women, the 5 min preceding LH pulses contained more wake epochs and fewer REM epochs than the 5 min preceding randomly determined time points (wake: 22.3 vs. 9.1%, p = 0.0111; REM: 4.4 vs. 18.8%, p = 0.0162). However, LH pulse initiation was not related to wake or REM epochs in PCOS; instead, the 5 min preceding LH pulses contained more slow-wave sleep (SWS) than the 5 min before random time points (20.9 vs. 6.7%, p = 0.0089). Compared to the normal subjects, the women with PCOS exhibited a higher REM-associated LH pulse frequency (p = 0.0443) and a lower proportion of wake epochs 0-5 min before LH pulses (p = 0.0205). Conclusions Sleep-related inhibition of LH pulse generation during the later follicular phase is normally weakened by brief awakenings and strengthened by REM sleep. In women with PCOS, LH pulse initiation is not appropriately discouraged by REM sleep and may be encouraged by SWS; these abnormalities may contribute to a high sleep-related LH pulse frequency in PCOS.
Eu2P7X and Ba2As7X (X = Br, I): Chiral double-Zintl salts containing heptapnictotricyclane clusters

Abstract Chiral double Zintl salts present tunable crystal structures with enhanced structural flexibilities and potential for applications requiring chiral control and enantioselectivity. To accompany the chiral Sr2P7I and Sr2P7Br double Zintl salts reported by us previously, six new chiral Zintl salts of the form Ba2−ySryAs7I (y = 0, 0.23, 2), Eu2P7I, Eu2P7Br, and Eu1.3Ba0.7P7Br have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDS analyses. All new compounds crystallize in the Sohncke space group P213 (No. 198) with variations of P73- (heptaphosphanortricyclane) or As73- (heptaarsanortricyclane) clusters surrounded by alkaline-earth or Eu cations and halogen anions. Band structure calculations predict semiconducting properties for all synthesized compounds. Diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy indicates that Eu2P7I is a direct bandgap semiconductor with Eg of 1.7 eV.
FUTURE NEEDS FOR MAXIMUM PROGRESS IN GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF DISEASE RESISTANCE IN FOREST TREES

ABSTRACT The author discusses the need for interdisciplinary research on: (1) variation and inheritance ofdisease resistance; (2) biology of the pathogen; (3) establishment of parasitism and the natureof host resistance; (4) effect of total environment on the host-pathogen relationship; (5) disease-resistance testing methods. For forest trees, it is the genus, not the species, that through selective interspecific hybridization will provide the maximum diversity of genotypes needed for maximum genetic improvement. It isbecoming more and more apparent that it will be necessary to use a combination of individualandmass-pedigree breeding methods to develop synthetic forest tree varieties. The development of synthetic multiclonal hybrid varieties is proposed by the author. Such varieties would be mixtures of many hybrid clones resistant to one or more pests and sufficiently similar intheir growth requirements to be grown in random mixture. The breeding system to obtain multiclonal hybrid varieties should follow the same general methods as for the development of syntheticvarieties to be propagated by seed. The advantages of multiclonal hybrid varieties would be the possibilities for early utilization ofthe very best genotypes, and for continuous, practically annual, flexibility of the clonal mixtures tomeet changing conditions. Since the use of synthetic multiclonal hybrid varieties depends oneconomically feasible methods of clonal propagation, the author emphasizes the urgent need forbasic research on vegetative propagation, including agamospermy.
Treatment of the Cervical Factor

The treatment of the cervical factor is essentially the treatment of the poor postcoital test. However, the standards for a good or poor postcoital test are not well defined, and the significance of the test itself is questioned by many. Nevertheless, some observations appear to have some basis in pathophysiology.
Analytic Methods for Constructing Cross-Sectional Profiles of Health Care Providers

National effort is currently directed toward developing and disseminating comparative information involving both outcomes and processes of care for health care providers. Univariate provider-specific comparative indices based on posterior summaries as well as indices based on maximum likelihood estimates have been developed for use in the cross-sectional setting. A remaining issue in the dissemination of cross-sectional profiles relates to the multivariate nature of the indices: often many performance measures are used to assess quality for a particular provider. Because this information can often be contradictory and overwhelming, there is a need for measures that summarize quality at a provider level. This article proposes the use of latent variable models for comparing health care providers in the cross-sectional setting when each provider is measured on more than one dimension of care. By combining information across dimensions of care within a provider, an integrated analysis can produce a composite measure of quality and has more statistical power to detect differences among providers. As the number of individual performance measures grows over time, composite measures will become increasingly important tools to support decision making by consumers, payors, and providers.
ATR-FTIR spectroscopy as a probe for metal ion binding onto immobilized ligands

Abstract ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is shown to be useful in probing metal ion binding to ligands immobilized on polymer beads. Lu(III) is the metal ion, phosphinic and sulfonic acids are the immobilized ligands, and polystyrene beads crosslinked at low and high levels are the support. Analysis is based on ligand band positions and intensities before and after complexation as a function of time. ATR spectra of the phosphinic acid show two types of binding sites with different accessibilities: surface ligands that bind Lu(III) from solution and interior ligands that gain ions by diffusion from the surface. Initially bound Lu(III) ions are mobile within the solid phase and their movement is accompanied by the breaking of hydrogen bonds among the phosphinic acid ligands to form Lu(III) phosphinate complexes. Competition between hydrogen bonding and bond-making with Lu(III) contributes to slow sorption rates compared to results from the sulfonic acid ligand whose strong acidity and ionizability allows rapid Lu(III) sorption. Comparing ATR spectra of the phosphinic acid bound to lightly- and highly-crosslinked polystyrene shows how the extent of crosslinking affects the transport mechanism.
Constraints on Aerosol Nitrate Photolysis as a Potential Source of HONO and NOx

The concentration of nitrogen oxides (NO x) plays a central role in controlling air quality. On a global scale, the primary sink of NO x is oxidation to form HNO3. Gas-phase HNO3 photolyses slowly with a lifetime in the troposphere of 10 days or more. However, several recent studies examining HONO chemistry have proposed that particle-phase HNO3 undergoes photolysis 10-300 times more rapidly than gas-phase HNO3. We present here constraints on the rate of particle-phase HNO3 photolysis based on observations of NO x and HNO3 collected over the Yellow Sea during the KORUS-AQ study in summer 2016. The fastest proposed photolysis rates are inconsistent with the observed NO x to HNO3 ratios. Negligible to moderate enhancements of the HNO3 photolysis rate in particles, 1-30 times faster than in the gas phase, are most consistent with the observations. Small or moderate enhancement of particle-phase HNO3 photolysis would not significantly affect the HNO3 budget but could help explain observations of HONO and NO x in highly aged air.
Perspectives for the biotechnological production of biofuels from CO 2 and H 2 using Ralstonia eutropha and other 'Knallgas' bacteria

With global CO2 emissions at their highest in several years, mitigation and possibly reduction of greenhouse gas buildup and concomitant production of renewable fuel molecules for growing transportation fuel needs are urgent challenges for renewable energy scientists and engineers. Knallgas bacteria provide a biocatalyst platform for utilization of CO2 and production of diverse and some high-energy density biofuel molecules, requisite for drop-in transportation fuels. The most well-studied Knallgas bacterium, Ralstonia eutropha, has been engineered to produce n-butanol, isobutanol, and terpene molecules under chemolithoautotrophic conditions. There are other representatives of this group of bacteria that potentially have the capabilities for CO2-based fuel molecule synthesis. In principle, fermentative production of biofuel from CO2 could rival the "power-to-gas" (non-biological production of fuels using CO2 and H2) production methods. However, challenges remain for both methods in order to compete with currently priced petroleum-based fuels. With continued streamlining of processes and attention to Industrial Ecology principles, biofuel synthesis by Knallgas bacteria could represent a viable part of a nation's energy portfolio.
Real-Time Hybrid Substructuring Results of the Mars Pathfinder Parachute Deployment

Spacecraft are subjected to a variety of extreme loads during the course of a mission. One period during which these demanding loads are observed occurs during the parachute deployment stage of reentry. The deployment process utilizes a mortar in order to deploy the parachute and the corresponding reaction forces from deployment generate large impulsive loads on the spacecraft and cause vibrations throughout the spacecraft. Accurate prediction of the forces exerted on the spacecraft during deployment is paramount to the design and safety of the spacecraft. Typically the time history of the reaction forces exerted during parachute deployment are measured experimentally using a tripod-mounted mortar assembly. This approach introduces coupling between the force generated by the mortar and the dynamics of the tripod legs, and does not account for the structural compliance of the actual spacecraft system. This will lead to erroneous results if compared to the true reaction forces observed during the in-service deployment of the parachute during reentry.
Community Engagement: Why Oklahoma? Why Now?

Importance: Oklahoma ranked 43rd in the 2017 America’s Health Rankings largely due to health behaviors such as adult obesity, lack of physical activity and smoking. Oklahoma children also suffer from adverse childhood experiences that contribute to poor health outcomes. Community engagement, a process that involves people affiliated by geographic location and shared interest working together to address issues affecting community wellbeing, is a common model that has had some success in Oklahoma communities addressing child health.
Improvement of an Experimental Routine for Electrochemical Composition Measurements of SmCl3 in LiCl-KCl Eutectic Salt Systems

AbstractCyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to study SmCl3 at concentrations of 0.42 to 8.99 wt% in molten eutectic LiCl-KCl (44.2:55.8 wt%) at 773 K. For each sample, CV was repeated at different ele...
How the Kidney Health Initiative Catalyzes Innovation in a Dynamic Environment.

The kidney community today is not the same as it was when the Kidney Health Initiative (KHI) was founded in 2012. KHI, a public-private partnership between the American Society of Nephrology (ASN), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and >100 members, has grown to the largest consortium in
Instructor responses to disruptive student classroom behavior: a study of brief critical incidents

ABSTRACTThis study used rhetorical and relational goal theory to examine the different ways college instructors respond to disruptive behaviors by students in the classroom. Student participants pr...
Human factors and ergonomics at time of crises: the Italian experience coping with COVID-19.

Several of the key organizational issues that we have had to face with the emergence of COVID-19 crisis are related to Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) and the safety culture. During the crisis the main activities of the healthcare services have been profoundly affected. Patient safety and risk management units have also experienced the need to adapt rapidly. What can we do as HFE experts, now that the scenario has completely changed? We contend that:We can favour and support the heuristics that are applied to manage the load of psycho-cognitive stress;We can observe, collect strategies and develop analytic schemes, thereby creating a memory of the organization for improvement in the future;And we can support in educating and engaging the public. This crisis has forced the community of healthcare experts to broaden their reflections: for the future to come, our communities of experts in the field of risk management HF/E, quality and safety of care and public health should play together an important role from the very beginning, from the time of peace.
Correlation Study of Planetary-Boundary-Layer-Height Retrievals from CL51 and CHM15K Ceilometers with Application To PM2.5 Dynamics in New York City

Planetary-boundary-layer-height (PBLH) plays a critical role in the study of urban air quality, weather and climate. Continuous observation is critical in understanding air pollution processes and evaluation of air quality/ weather models in the complex urban environment. In this study, we observe the PBLH variation using multiple ceilometers and lidar in New York City (NYC) during both the summer and winter time and explore the potential correlation with ground PM2.5. An automated quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) method is developed to optimize the PBLH determination from the ceilometers (Vaisala CL51 and Lufft CHM15k) product. The PBLHs from the two ceilometers and lidar show good consistency (R2 =0.68~0.88) during the convective PBL period at 15:00-21:00 UTC (10:00-16:00 EST). We also investigate the seasonal variation and diurnal evolution of PBLH and demonstrate an inverse relation between the PBLH and PM2.5 during the morning transient period of PBLH growth. Further, the correlation between the ceilometer-attenuated backscatter and ground PM2.5 and its dependences on the vertical altitude are analyzed, showing that the aerosols in the PBL are more deeply mixed while also being influenced by the relatively high humidity variability during the summer.
Non-informative assertions: The case of non-optional wh -in-situ

This paper focuses on inquisitive information-seeking utterances with non-fronted wh -words and declarative word order, which I dub wh -declaratives (WhDec), e.g., the party is where? Though they have not received much attention in the literature, they present an interesting theoretical puzzle: despite looking like declaratives syntactically, they receive an inquisitive interpretation, and yet they are not always interchangeable with (canonical) wh -interrogatives (WhQs). In this paper I use WhDecs as a window to explore how, by taking into account the interaction between semantics, discourse structure and dynamic updates, we can derive subtle interpretational differences while keeping the overall interpretation true to form. The paper also addresses the interaction of sentential force and prosody, extending the discussion of WhDecs to rising declaratives and examining the contribution of the nuclear contour in the construction of meaning. Along the way, I build on previous literature to provide a semantics for WhQs and WhDecs that bridges to pragmatics explaining the contextual dependence of the so-called existential presupposition in questions. EARLY ACCESS
I’ll Have What She’s Having: Parasocial Communication via Social Media Influences on Risk Behavior

Frequently people we interact with on social media influence decisions we make in daily life. This study explored the connection between parasocial interaction and imitative buying intentions in blog media space. Using a 2 (Stance: Anti, Pro) X 4 (Risk Behavior: Drinking, E-Cigarette, Product, Control) X 2 (Order) mixed factorial design experiment ( N = 63), we focused on the influence of parasocial interaction (PSI) with a blogger on intent to buy products used in a blog post among young women. The research found that those with higher PSI reported greater purchase intention for alcohol than those with lower PSI toward the blogger in the study. These results suggest PSI in social media spaces like blogging can be used to covertly encourage healthy behaviors.
Oxidatively modified low-density lipoproteins are potential mediators of proteasome inhibitor resistance in multiple myeloma

Proteasome inhibitor (PI) therapy has improved the survival of multiple myeloma (MM) patients. However, inevitably, primary or acquired resistance to PIs leads to disease progression; resistance mechanisms are unclear. Obesity is a risk factor for MM mortality. Oxidized LDL (OxLDL), a central mediator of atherosclerosis that is elevated in metabolic syndrome (co-occurrence of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension), has been linked to an increased risk of solid cancers and shown to stimulate pro-oncogenic/survival signaling. We hypothesized that OxLDL is a mediator of chemoresistance, and evaluated its effects on MM cell killing by PIs. OxLDL potently suppressed the ability of the boronic-acid based PIs bortezomib (BTZ) and ixazomib, but not the epoxyketone-based PI carfilzomib, to kill human MM cell lines and primary cells. OxLDL suppressed BTZ-induced inhibition of proteasome activity and induction of pro-apoptotic signaling. These cytoprotective effects were abrogated when lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs) associated with OxLDL were enzymatically reduced. We also demonstrated the presence of OxLDL in the MM bone marrow microenvironment as well as numerous granulocytes and monocytes capable of cell-mediated LDL oxidation through myeloperoxidase. Our findings suggest that OxLDL may be a potent mediator of boronic acid-based PI resistance, particularly for MM patients with metabolic syndrome, given their elevated systemic levels of OxLDL. LDL cholesterol-lowering therapy to reduce circulating OxLDL, and pharmacologic targeting of LOOH levels or resistance pathways induced by the modified lipoprotein, could deepen the response to these important agents and offer clinical benefit to MM patients with metabolic syndrome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Application of Ultrasonic Stress Measurement in the Evaluation of Bolt Fastening Force

The acoustic elasticity effect means that when the material is subjected to mechanical load, the stress changes the velocity of sound wave propagation. This property can be used for the surface of the material itself or for the overall stress measurement of the material. The ultrasonic method is much more accurate than using torque wrench to control the pretightening force of fastening bolt. The use of this mechanical-based measuring device can lead to uncertainty caused by random torque caused by mechanical manufacturing tolerances. The measurement of ultrasonic pretightening force gives the tensile force information inside the bolt and eliminates the uncertainty of mechanical method. Fastening stress of bolts is measured by generating compression wave and shear wave (double wave method) from electromagnetic coupling transducer (EMAT) in situ. Ultrasonic method does not need to remove bolts and do not need to measure bolt length when bolt preload has been tightened. The uncertainty in this method of measurement is about 5 percent.
Veterinary Prescriptions and Drug Distribution

Veterinarians have come to expect reliable and predictable services from wholesale drug distributors. Due to valid concerns regarding counterfeit human medications and the security of the drug supply chain, changes at the federal and state levels have directly affected veterinary wholesale drug distributors. This manuscript will highlight state and federal regulations that influence production animal medicine business models where veterinary prescription drugs are sold/delivered to end users upon the valid order of a veterinarian within the context of a veterinarian-client-patient relationship (VCPR). This presentation will review federal acts and state statutes and regulations that affect the sale and distribution of prescription drugs used in production animal medicine. Additionally, it focuses on regulatory affairs and regulatory compliance issues that impact practicing veterinarians and veterinary drug distributors.
Fostering medical staff reflection on the technological alienation of parents in the NICU

We describe a case of parents refusing a tracheostomy for an otherwise healthy newborn. The refusal was not honored because permitting the refusal would have violated state law, which required a ch...
Intelligent Sensor Systems for Underwater Acoustic Applications

Intelligent sensors for underwater acoustic applications are detection techniques that discriminate between the acoustic pressure wave field such that a manipulation of these waves can be performed. This is in contrast to smart vibration sensors that detect the modal or displacement characteristics of a structure. Intelligent sensors can characterize an acoustic pressure field into individual field components for signal processing purposes.
Alcator C-Mod non-axisymmetric control coils design and fabrication

A set of non-axisymmetric coils has been added to Alcator C-Mod tokamak to control resonant helical fields. These coils will be used to correct or induce stationary magnetic perturbations, for optimizing stability and exploring the error-field effects on plasma rotation. Sets of four coils above and below the mid-plane (8 in all) enable the helicity and the m-spectrum to be adjusted. The coils are composed of three layers each with an average of 8.875 turns, enclosed in an aluminum case. The conductor used is 4/0 welding cable. The coils were secured to the C-Mod igloo blocks (concrete radiation shielding blocks) with encore bolts. Depending on the needs of each pulse, the coils electrical configuration is easily changed through the use of a patch panel. Presently the system is designed to use a single power supply providing 3000 A 300 volts and developing a field of approximately 0.07 tesla at the center of the coil. This paper will describe the design, fabrication and installation of these coils.
Ankylosing spondylitis: cauda equina syndrome with multiple spinal arachnoid cysts. Case report.

✓ A case of ankylosing spondylitis in a patient with a cauda equina syndrome is reported. A lumbar myelogram revealed erosions of the bones of the neural canal with enclosed multiple intraspinal cysts.
Interaction of Inactive Derivatives of Chymotrypsin and Trypsin with Protein Inhibitors

Abstract The ability of several catalytically inactive derivatives of α-chymotrypsin and trypsin to react with naturally occurring protein inhibitors was studied. Two types of inactive derivatives were used: (a) modified seryl derivatives of chymotrypsin, tosyl-chymotrypsin, and anhydro-chymotrypsin prepared by base elimination of the tosyl group; (b) modified histidyl derivatives, the derivative of l-1-tosylamido-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone and chymotrypsin and the derivative of 1-chloro-3-tosylamido-7-amino-2-heptanone and trypsin. The inhibitors were several ovomucoids from different avian species and inhibitors from beans and potato. The formation of the complexes was established by competitive enzymatic assays and by electrophoresis in gel. Tosyl-chymotrypsin did not form a complex with an inhibitor of chymotrypsin but the anhydro-chymotrypsin did form a complex. The inactive histidyl derivatives of both chymotrypsin and trypsin formed complexes with several inhibitors of chymotrypsin and trypsin, respectively. The rate of interaction of anhydro-chymotrypsin with inhibitors was similar to that of native chymotrypsin, while the rates of the histidyl derivatives of chymotrypsin and trypsin were slower. The naturally occurring protein inhibitors were found to serve as useful tools for studying the effects of chemical modifications on the tertiary structure of proteolytic enzymes. Catalytic activity of the enzymes was not essential for the formation of complexes. As evidenced by the formation of complexes, specific substitutions of the catalytic histidyl residues of both chymotrypsin and trypsin do not greatly affect their tertiary structures. Substitution on the catalytic seryl residue of chymotrypsin changes the tertiary structure or causes steric effects, while modification of the seryl residues by base elimination of the tosyl group does not result in any gross structural changes.
Abstract 16899: Neutralization of Bleeding Induced by Direct Factor Xa and Thrombin Inhibitors by Prothrombin Complex Concentrates Alone and in Combination with Antifibrinolytic Agents

Introduction: Concerns remain over bleeding with direct factor Xa and thrombin inhibitors in cases of overdose or medical emergency. This study tested the ability of PCCs to reverse bleeding induced by apixaban, rivaroxaban or dabigatran in a standardized rat tail resection model. Methods: Individual groups of anesthetized rats (8-10) were anticoagulated with apixaban, rivaroxaban or dabigatran and subsequently treated with vehicle, 3-factor (Profilnine), 4-factor (Beriplex) or activated 4-factor PCC (FEIBA). Five minutes post-PCC administration, a tail snip was performed and bleeding time was measured. Upon cessation of bleeding, a blood samples were collected for ex vivo analysis and the rat was humanely euthanized. Results: In comparison to saline control (6.8 + 1.1 sec) apixaban (300μg/kg) prolonged bleeding time (17.1±5.6; p=0.024). Beriplex at doses ≤10U/kg did not shorten bleeding time while 10U/kg Profilnine did. FEIBA prolonged bleeding beyond that seen with apixaban alone (22.6±11.4 and 37.5±5.2...
Database language standards: past, present, and future

Work leading towards standards for database languages began in the CODASYL Database Task Group (DBTG) in the 1960s and 1970s, continued in the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) beginning in the late 1970s, and since the early 1980s has been focused in the International Standards Organization (ISO) and the various national standards organizations that participate in the ISO group. These efforts have produced standards for two database languages, SQL, for relational databases, and NDL, for networkstructured databases. The SQL standard has been widely implemented, and revisions that significantly extend it are in progress. The NDL standard has nut been implemented, and there are no plans for revision or extension.
UsenetDHT: a low-overhead design for Usenet

Usenet is a popular distributed messaging and file sharing service: servers in Usenet flood articles over an overlay network to fully replicate articles across all servers. However, replication of Usenet's full content requires that each server pay the cost of receiving (and storing) over 1 Tbyte/day. This paper presents the design and implementation of UsenetDHT, a Usenet system that allows a set of cooperating sites to keep a shared, distributed copy of Usenet articles. UsenetDHT consists of client-facing Usenet NNTP front-ends and a distributed hash table (DHT) that provides shared storage of articles across the wide area. This design allows participating sites to partition the storage burden, rather than replicating all Usenet articles at all sites. UsenetDHT requires a DHT that maintains durability despite transient and permanent failures, and provides high storage performance. These goals can be difficult to provide simultaneously: even in the absence of failures, verifying adequate replication levels of large numbers of objects can be resource intensive, and interfere with normal operations. This paper introduces Passing Tone, a new replica maintenance algorithm for DHash [7] that minimizes the impact of monitoring replication levels on memory and disk resources by operating with only pairwise communication. Passing Tone's implementation provides performance by using data structures that avoid disk accesses and enable batch operations. Microbenchmarks over a local gigabit network demonstrate that the total system throughput scales linearly as servers are added, providing 5.7 Mbyte/s of write bandwidth and 7 Mbyte/s of read bandwidth per server. UsenetDHT is currently deployed on a 12-server network at 7 sites running Passing Tone over the wide-area: this network supports our research laboratory's live 2.5 Mbyte/s Usenet feed and 30.6 Mbyte/s of synthetic read traffic. These results suggest a DHT-based design may be a viable way to redesign Usenet and globally reduce costs.
Medical image databases and informatics

In order to make use of the overwhelming amount of clinical text and images and supporting information available for medical clinical practice and research, high level intelligence will be integrated into next-generation PACS in the following areas: computer-based decision support, in the development of intelligent user interfaces, in the federation of heterogeneous medical imaging databases, and for PACS operational improvement. Computer-based decision support will allow the knowledge and reasoning of an expert to be applied to procedure selection and diagnostic reasoning. Intelligent display interfaces will be user and context sensitive, allowing for enhanced utilization, efficiency and interpretation of findings. Integrated medical multimedia databases and the tools necessary to intelligently navigate and search through these databases will allow for improved disease detection, and patient treatment as well as generate substantial new medical knowledge. The intelligent optimization of PACS performance and reliability will allow the effective enterprise-wide management of widely distributed imaging networks.
Writing & Speaking to Learn Biology: An Intersection of Critical Thinking and Communication Skills.

A collaborative effort between biology and communication instructors to facilitate speaking skills for senior biology majors resulted in improved organization, clarity and confidence in delivering an oral scientific presentation. But this instruction also favorably impacted students’ scientific writing. This benefit seems best attributed to additional opportunities for students to talk about science, to critically evaluate the quality and structure of their arguments and evidence, and to express in their own words a clear resolution to a biological controversy.