cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High Cervical Intrathecal Targeted Drug Delivery: A Case Report of Refractory Oropharyngeal Cancer Pain.

Introduction. Some patients with head and neck cancers have pain refractory to aggressive multimodal therapies. Herein, we report the use of an intrathecal targeted drug delivery (TDD) system catheter tip placed at C1 for the treatment of recalcitrant oropharyngeal cancer pain. Case Report. A patient with recurrent metastatic squamous cell tongue cancer reported severe pain not controlled despite high-dose opioids and nonopioid adjuvants. It was elected to proceed with an intrathecal TDD system with the catheter tip placed at the C1 level. After pump placement, we were able to decrease her daily oral morphine equivalents (OME) from nearly 1000 mg to 300 mg over the course of two months while titrating her TDD from 0.3 mg/day to 0.7 mg/day of intrathecal hydromorphone. Unfortunately, her improvement was limited secondary to aggressive cancer-directed treatments likely contributing to device infection and explant. Conclusions. In this patient, high cervical placement of an intrathecal TDD catheter was associated with a decrease in OME. While used in clinical practice on occasion, the use of high cervical TDD placement such as this implantable C1 intrathecal TDD system for cancer-associated pain is underreported in the literature. Further studies on this intervention within this challenging population are warranted.
Brazil in comparative perspective: the legacy of the founding, and the future of constitutional development

This paper analyzes the Brazilian constitutional founding in a comparative perspective, endeavoring to understand how the founding’s identity influenced constitutional development through the three decades since the constitutional document was enacted. By creating a link between the constitutional founding historical and political development and the way the Constitution has changed over time, it hopes to discover more about the evolution and concept of a constitutional identity.
School-Wide Positive Behavior Support Telecoaching in a Rural District:

Rural school districts are unique educational settings requiring efficient use of resources. Barriers to high-quality educational practices in rural settings include the distance from professional ...
Satellite-based remote sensing data set of global surface water storage change from 1992 to 2018

Abstract. The recent availability of freely and openly available satellite remote sensing products has enabled the implementation of global surface water monitoring at a level not previously possible. Here we present a global set of satellite-derived time series of surface water storage variations for lakes and reservoirs for a period that covers the satellite altimetry era. Our goals are to promote the use of satellite-derived products for the study of large inland water bodies and to set the stage for the expected availability of products from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission, which will vastly expand the spatial coverage of such products, expected from 2021 on. Our general strategy is to estimate global surface water storage changes ( ΔV ) in large lakes and reservoirs using a combination of paired water surface elevation (WSE) and water surface area (WSA) extent products. Specifically, we use data produced by multiple satellite altimetry missions (TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2, Jason-3, and Envisat) from 1992 on, with surface extent estimated from Terra/Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from 2000 on. We leverage relationships between elevation and surface area (i.e., hypsometry) to produce estimates of ΔV even during periods when either of the variables was not available. This approach is successful provided that there are strong relationships between the two variables during an overlapping period. Our target is to produce time series of ΔV as well as of WSE and WSA for a set of 347 lakes and reservoirs globally for the 1992–2018 period. The data sets presented and their respective algorithm theoretical basis documents are publicly available and distributed via the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO DAAC; https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/ , last access: 13 May 2020) of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Specifically, the WSE data set is available at https://doi.org/10.5067/UCLRS-GREV2 (Birkett et al., 2019), the WSA data set is available at https://doi.org/10.5067/UCLRS-AREV2 (Khandelwal and Kumar, 2019), and the ΔV data set is available at https://doi.org/10.5067/UCLRS-STOV2 (Tortini et al., 2019). The records we describe represent the most complete global surface water time series available from the launch of TOPEX/Poseidon in 1992 (beginning of the satellite altimetry era) to the near present. The production of long-term, consistent, and calibrated records of surface water cycle variables such as in the data set presented here is of fundamental importance to baseline future SWOT products.
Navigating concave regions in continuous facility location problems

Abstract In prior literature regarding facility location problems, there has been little explicit acknowledgement of problems arising from concave (non-convex) regions. This issue extends to computational geometry as a whole, as there is a distinct deficiency in existing center finding techniques amidst work on forbidden regions. In this paper, we present a novel method for finding representative regional center-points, referred to as “Concave Interior Centers”, to approximate inter-regional distances for solving optimal facility location problems. The validity of the proposal as a means for solving these placements is discussed on three “special cases”, and on a humanitarian focused real-world application. We compare the performance of the Concave Interior Center to the results from using Geometric Centers. We discuss the implications of using externally located representative centers in facility location problems. The context of the application involves maximizing the potential services available to homeless persons in Fairfield County, Connecticut under a given budget through the construction of limited capacity night-by-night shelters and optionally included food pantries. Our computational results show the efficiency of the proposed techniques in solving a critical societal problem.
IMPACT OF A STRUCTURED QUALITY IMPROVEMENT FRAMEWORK ON PROJECT OUTPUT IN A CARDIOLOGY FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM

Healthcare Quality Improvement (QI) is a key component of the Clinical Learning Environment Review(CLER) Program of the Next Accreditation System of the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Meaningful participation in Quality Improvement can be a challenge in cardiology
Quantitative structure–toxicity relationships in translational toxicology

Abstract During the past decade, quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) enjoyed an ever-increasing application in various fields including translational sciences. This review summarizes the progress in data preprocessing, processing, and validation techniques as well as the standardization in reporting of QSARs and the legislative framework promoting the use of computational approaches as viable tools for reducing animal testing. Software products focused on prediction of translational end-points and recently published individual models are discussed briefly. Particular attention is given to challenges springing from the immense complexity of translational QSARs.
A Canary in a COVID Coal Mine: Building Better Health-C are Biopreparedness Policy.

The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has been devastating to the U.S. health-care system and sheds light on gaps in preparedness and response to biological threats. From limited personal protective equipment to staffing issues, hospitals are struggling to respond to the novel coronavirus outbreak. Unfortunately, hospital biopreparedness is a product of prioritization for hospital leadership and either exists or is neglected. Federal efforts to enhance health-care readiness have done little to drive true change across the U.S. health-care infrastructure. From optional efforts like the tiered hospital approach to special pathogens to the regulatory rule from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, federal efforts to build a resilient health-care infrastructure against biological threats are woefully inadequate and dependent upon hospital leadership priorities. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a need to implement regulatory requirements on health-care facilities to invest in continued preparedness for biological events.
Expanding the Discussion Regarding Parentification and Its Varied Outcomes: Implications for Mental Health Research and Practice

Studies have demonstrated that parentification, a potential form of child maltreatment, is a ubiquitous phenomenon that most community counselors as well as other mental health care providers (e.g., school and family counselors, social workers) face. Although these studies have pointed to a relationship between parentification and later psychopathology, the potential for divergent outcomes is rarely discussed. This article advances an often-absent balanced discussion of the extent to which varied outcomes are evidenced in adulthood after one has been parentified in childhood. For example, varied outcomes such as psychopathology and posttraumatic growth may be feasible in adulthood after parentification in childhood. Suggestions related to research and practice efforts are put forth for mental health counselors.
A Reduced-Scale Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Platform for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

Power Hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) is an important technique for testing a piece of hardware of a power/energy system with real power flows by interfacing it with a real-time simulation model of the system in a closed-loop architecture. This paper proposes and demonstrates a reduced-scale, PHIL platform for a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) for the purpose of testing the transient power response of the fuel cell system (FCS) and validating the control algorithm of the boost converter used by the FCS in a cost-effective way. The hardware of the PHIL platform is the FCS, while other parts of the FCEV are represented by a real-time simulation model. Preliminary experimental results of the PHIL platform demonstrate that the control algorithm can regulate the boost converter to maintain a desired DC bus voltage. The PHIL platform can be applied to investigate modeling of FCSs and power performance degradation of FCSs caused by driving cycles. A case study of the developed platform is performed to validate a semi-empirical model of an FCS via simulation and experimental data.
Assessment of Interpolation Errors of CYGNSS Soil Moisture Estimations

High spatiotemporal soil moisture (SM) is essential for many meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural applications and studies. Spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) provides a promising opportunity for high-resolution SM retrievals. NASA’s Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) is a recent GNSS-R application that offers relatively high spatial and temporal resolution observations from earth’s surface. However, the quasi-random sampling of land surface by the CYGNSS constellation circumvents obtaining fully observed daily SM predictions at high spatial resolutions. Spatial interpolation techniques may fill this gap and provide a fully covered high-resolution daily SM estimation. However, the spatial interpolation errors need to be assessed when applied to the quasi-random 9-km CYGNSS-based SM estimations. In this article, we conduct interpolation error analysis using the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Enhanced L3 Radiometer Global Daily 9-km product, sampled at the CYGNSS observation locations. The results indicate that the overall interpolation error (RMSE) was 0.013 m $^3$ m $^{-3}$ over SMAP’s recommended grids. In addition, sparse CYGNSS SM observations are directly interpolated. The achieved results show that interpolated and observed CYGNSS SM values have similar performance metrics when validated with the SMAP 9-km gridded SM product as well as sparse SM networks.
Pneumatic Episodes from Homer to Galen

The ‘pneumatic episodes’ of Long’s essay survey ancient Greek ideas about breath (pneuma) and respiration, starting from Homer’s epic poetry and concluding with Galen’s medical ideas about the uses of breathing, and the pathologies of breathlessness. These ancient authors explored vital connections between breath, heart, mind, and brain. They also considered how breath functions to control the body’s temperature, how animal life begins with breath, and why breath and breathing are symptomatic for health and sickness. Their influential thoughts resonate with this book’s generic themes, especially breath’s centrality to inhabiting and understanding the world.
The contribution of various NOS gene products to HIV-1 coat protein (gp120)-mediated retinal ganglion cell injury.

Purpose There is growing evidence that the neuronal pathology seen with HIV-1 is mediated, at least in part, through an excitotoxic/free radical pathway. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a critical role in the nervous system, in both normal and pathologic states, and appears to be involved in a variety of excitotoxic pathways. Whether isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are involved in gp120-mediated neuronal loss in the retina was therefore explored. Methods To determine which (if any) of the various isoforms of NOS are critical in gp120-mediated damage in the retina, neuronal NOS-deficient [nNOS(-/-)], endothelial NOS-deficient [eNOS(-/ -)], and immunologic NOS-deficient [iNOS(-/-)] mice were subjected to intravitreal injections of gp120. Results Retinal ganglion cells in the nNOS(-/-) mouse were relatively resistant to gp120, manifesting attenuation of gp120-induced injury compared with wild-type mice. The iNOS(-/-) and eNOS(-/-) mice were as susceptible to gp120 toxicity as control animals. NOS inhibitors were protective against this toxicity. Conclusions The presence of nNOS is a prerequisite for the full expression of gp120-mediated loss in the retina; eNOS and iNOS do not appear to play a significant role.
Modulatory role of ERK MAPK-caldesmon pathway in PDGF-stimulated migration of cultured pulmonary artery SMCs.

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylate caldesmon in vivo, but the function of caldesmon phosphorylation in smooth muscle physiology is c...
“IF YOU HAVE SUN AND YOU HAVE RAIN YOU GET A RAINBOW”: CREATING MEANINGFUL CURRICULUM

The inclusion of children's ideas, theories, or questions into the curriculum planning process is recommended as appropriate early childhood practice (Bredekamp & Copple, 1997; Bredekamp & Rosegrant, 1995; Jones & Nimmo, 1994). Studying how to identify children's interests and ultimately the planning for relevant experiences cannot be simply reduced to a set of strategies or recipes. In primary classrooms and in child care centers, educators struggle with ways to develop meaningful experiences that are not arbitrary "lessons" prescribed for a unit or a cluster of "activities" associated with a theme. Revisiting children's ideas through the careful study of observations that include transcripts or videotapes is useful to the process of developing curriculum for young children. However, the practice of closely understanding children's words and actions as central to curriculum planning is not common practice in the majority of early childhood classrooms in the United States. Through the award of a professional development grant, the University of Alaska Anchorage (UAA) Early Childhood Program offered a unique practicum experience that explored some of the underlying principles of the Reggio Emilia approach to promote staff development (Cadwell, 1997; Edwards, Gandini, & Forman, 1994; Hendrick, 1997). Inspired by principles from the Reggio Emilia approach (Edwards, Gandini, & Forman, 1994), practicum students and their instructor worked in a community preschool examining ways to use observation and documentation for planning curriculum. Practicum students and the instructor videotaped children's actions and conversations for review with each other. Daily discussions among the students and instructor emerged from the following questions. What might the children be saying? What are the children's ideas and theories? What are the children's interests? What do the children know? Are our questions and comments meaningful to the children's ideas or actions? (Hendrick, 1997; Cadwell, 1997). The practicum students studied
SPECTROSCOPY OF POLYENES–III. ABSORPTION AND EMISSION SPECTRAL INVESTIGATION OF POLYENE SCHIFF BASES AND PROTONATED SCHIFF BASES RELATED TO VISUAL PIGMENTS

— A number of n-butylamine Schiff bases of polyenals related to retinals as homologues and analogues, and their protonated forms, have been studied for absorption and emission spectral properties. The polyene Schiff bases exhibit the same general features in their absorption spectra as those of the parallel polyenals except that the lBu1Ag and π*n singlet transitions are at substantially higher energy in the Schiff bases (the shift being larger for the π* n transition). The Schiff bases with short polyene chainlength (n= 2, 3 where n is the number of double bonds including C=N) do not fluoresce or phosphoresce in 3-methylpentane in the temperature range 298–77 K. The Schiff bases with intermediate chainlength (n= 4, 5) show fluorescence at 77 K with intensity strongly dependent on the nature of solvent. The Schiff bases with relatively long chainlength (n= 5–7) show strong or moderately strong fluorescence at 77 K and very weak fluorescence at 298 K (n = 7) with intrinsic radiative lifetimes much longer than those estimated from the oscillator strength of the low-energy, strong absorption band (1Bu1Ag). A discussion on the possible state order and nature of the fluorescing state of the various polyene Schiff base systems is presented.
Educational heterogamy and marital satisfaction between spouses

Abstract In choosing marriage partners, we generally look for someone with similar status characteristics to our own. This paper suggests that status inequalities may be hypothesized to make a difference in marital satisfaction. Using the couple as the unit of analysis, the effects of educational heterogamy on marital satisfaction were investigated. Using ordinary least-squares regression, we found that when husbands had more education than their wives, both partners reported less than happy marriages with more disagreement and less positive feedback. Conversely, when the wife had more education, both partners reported more satisfaction with the marriage. Using results from the ordinary least-squares regression, a two-stage least-squares model was estimated. In this more complete model, the strongest effect on each partner's marital satisfaction was the feedback regarding the other partner's happiness within the marriage. Possible explanations for these findings are presented. We argue that longitudinal studies, using the couple as the unit of analysis, are essential if we wish to study the processes of marital interaction between spouses.
MO-E-T-618-06: Correcting LDR Spectroscopy for Fine Energy Resolution Applications

Purpose: To use high purity Germanium spectrometry to measure output energy spectra of LDR brachytherapy seeds in order to provide better dosimetric information than what is currently available. Such spectral information can provide a platform for energy based dosimetry of LDR seeds as well as provide ‘energy output’ benchmarks for Monte Carlo simulation of these sources. Method and Materials: Low energy Germanium spectroscopy suffers from several inherent defects of the spectrum collection process. Peak energy broadening and generation of fluorescence escape peaks are two defects, both of which can complicate and contaminate measured spectra. A correction algorithm is presented to overcome these defects and reproduce the true energy spectra without detector produced artifacts and without a priori assumptions as to the internal LDR seed structures. Collection of output spectra from various LDR seeds was obtained using an n-type Germanium spectrometer. A detector response function matrix (8037 element square) was constructed via detailed MCNP Monte Carlo simulations to characterize the detection process from the detector's entrance window to particle termination, spanning interactions from 1352 keV down to 3.75 keV. The correction algorithm is based upon an iterative algorithm used in high- to moderate-energy physics, as detailed in the literature for Germanium spectroscopy. This modified algorithm in conjunction with the response matrix reconstructs the spectrum as it was prior to interaction with the detector. Results: Corrected results have shown excellent agreement with expected theoretical spectral outputs, and spectral peak resolutions of less than 0.5 keV have been achieved. High resolution output spectra have been catalogued for multiple seed designs. Spectral Air Kerma Strength calculations, utilizing corrected spectra, agree with NIST traceable calibrated Air Kerma Strengths to within 3%. Conclusion: This technique allows corrections to be made to acquired spectra thus yielding data for high resolution applications of non-energy-integrated dosimetry of LDR seeds.
Operator limitations in farm tractor overturn recognition and response.

Abstract Accounting for nearly half of all work-related farm tractor injuries annually, tractor side and rear overturn continue to be an ongoing problem. The causes of both side and rear overturns may be grouped into design-related and human factors-related categories. This review addresses the latter, highlighting those information processing bottlenecks, some of which may be aided through training or stability indicator devices. It is argued that tractor instability must first be perceived beforeaa corrective response may be taken. Evidence was drawn from orientation perception, tractor rollover response time, and driving studies to describe an overall model of the tractor operator attempting to stay within stable operating conditions. With this more precise model of the tractor operator, a foundation is provided for further research on the operator-tractor interface.
A NEW [4 + 2] CYCLOADDITION STRATEGY FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF N-ACYL-7-AZABICYCLO[2.2.1]HEPTAN-2-ONES: A FORMAL SYNTHESIS OF (±)-EPIBATIDINE

Abstract N -Acyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one derivatives were prepared from N -acyl pyrroles via a [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction with allenes. This represents a new synthetic approach for the synthesis of epibatidine and related analogs. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Superconducting Properties of A 15 Compounds Derived from Band-Structure Results

Calculations of the electron-phonon interaction, $\ensuremath{\lambda}$, and ${T}_{c}$ are presented for ten different $A15$ compounds, ${\mathrm{V}}_{3}X$ and ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}X$, $X=\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{n}$. The calculated temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility of ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}$Sn is also shown to be in good agreement with experiment. We argue that the low-temperature anomalies in many $A15$ materials are related to the very sharp structure in the density of states near the Fermi energy found in our ab initio band-structure results.
Comparative potency of inhaled acidic sulfates: Speciation and the role of hydrogen ion

Inhaled acidic sulfate aerosols affect various aspects of lung function, presumably by delivery of hydrogen ion (H+) to target sites. Recent evidence suggests that the relationship between response and H+ content of the exposure atmosphere may depend upon the specific sulfate species with which the H+ is associated. This study examined comparatively the effects of exposure to the two main ambient acidic sulfates, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and ammonium bisulfate (NH4HSO4), using the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages as the endpoint. Rabbits were exposed to 250-2000 micrograms/m3 H2SO4 (as SO4(-2)) and 500-4000 micrograms/m3 NH4HSO4 (as SO4(-2)) for 1 hr/day for 5 days; bronchopulmonary lavage was then performed for recovery of free lung cells. Phagocytosis, measured by uptake of opsonized latex spheres in vitro, was altered by exposure to H2SO4 at concentrations greater than or equal to 500 micrograms/m3 and to NH4HSO4 at greater than or equal to 2000 micrograms/m3. Assessment of results in terms of the calculated hydrogen ion concentration in the exposure atmosphere showed that identical levels of H+ produced different degrees of response depending upon whether exposure was to H2SO4 or NH4HSO4. On the other hand, macrophages incubated in acidic environments in vitro responded similarly regardless of whether H2SO4 or NH4HSO4 was used to adjust the pH. Possible reasons for the difference in response observed in vivo and in vitro are discussed. Speciation of ambient acidic sulfate aerosols may be needed in atmospheric monitoring so as to assess the presence of H+ posing the greatest biologic hazard following inhalation exposure.
MEASURING CHANGES IN THE EASE OF TRADE WITH ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA: AN ANALYSIS OF COINS FOUND AT DURA EUROPUS IN SYRIA

Gravity model analysis of coins found at Dura Europus, in Roman Syria, indicates a sharp increase in the difficulty of trade between 235 and 253 A.D. This was caused either by political difficulties or changes in monetary policy. Residuals from the model imply a special link between Dura and northern Syria and suggest relatively little interaction with Phoenicia and Cilicia throughout the first three centuries A.D.
Best theory scientific realism

The aim of this essay is to argue for a new version of ‘inference-to-the-best-explanation’ scientific realism, which I characterize as Best Theory Realism or ‘BTR’. On BTR, the realist needs only to embrace a commitment to the truth or approximate truth of the best theories in a field, those which are unique in satisfying the highest standards of empirical success in a mature field with many successful but falsified predecessors. I argue that taking our best theories to be true is justified because it provides the best explanation of (1) the predictive success of their predecessors and (2) their own special success. Against standard and especially structural realism, I argue against the claim that the best explanations of the success of theories is provided by identifying their true components, such as structural relations between unobservable, which are preserved across theory change. In particular, I criticize Ladyman's and Carrier’s structural account of the success of phlogiston theory, and Worrall's well-known structural account of the success of Fresnel’s theory of light. I argue that these accounts tacitly assume the truth of our best theories, which in any case provides a better explanation of these theories’ success than the structural account. Structural realism is now defended as the only version of realism that is able to surmount the pessimistic meta-induction and the general problem that successful theories involve ontological claims concerning unobservable entities that are abandoned and falsified in theory-change. I argue that Best Theory Realism can overcome the pessimistic meta-induction and this general problem posed by theory-change. Our best theories possess a characteristic which sharply distinguishes them from their successful but false predecessors. Furthermore ‘inference-to-the-best-explanation’ confirmation can establish the truth of our best theories and thus trumps the pessimistic inductive reasoning which is supposed to show that even our best theories are most likely false in their claims concerning unobservable entities and processes.
Assembly of High-Resolution Bacterial Artificial Chromosome, P1-Derived Artificial Chromosome, and Cosmid Contigs

Abstract The generation of contiguous physical maps is often complicated by a variety of factors including the type of cloning system used. Here we describe procedures for the isolation, rapid characterization, and physical mapping of large-insert recombinant bacterial clones from total human genomic BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) and PAC (P1-derived artificial chromosome) libraries containing clones with an average insert size of 150 kbp. After initial isolation, the clones were subjected to a variety of fingerprinting procedures including inter- Alu PCR, semiautomated fluorescent fingerprinting, and Eco RI restriction fragment mapping. Individual BAC and PAC clones were also used as probes to interrogate arrayed chromosome 19-specific cosmid libraries. The combination of analyses facilitated the identification of chromosome-specific large-insert clones as well as the construction of a large (1.2 Mb) high-resolution BAG, PAC, and cosmid contig in 19q13.2, spanning the region from the carcinoembryonic antigen gene family to the X-ray repair cross complementing 1 DNA repair gene. This type of approach directly demonstrates the utility of large-insert recombinant bacterial clones for the construction of contiguous physical maps of entire chromosomes.
Seismic Stratigraphy of Veracruz Tongue, Deep Southwestern Gulf of Mexico

The Veracruz Tongue is a region of continental slope and rise sediments bounded bathymetrically by the Mexican Ridges fold belt to the west and the Campeche Knolls salt province to the east. Study of two multichannel seismic lines and single-fold sparker data enables five post-early Miocene seismic stratigraphic sequences to be distinguished in the tongue. Sedimentary processes responsible for deposition of each sequence are inferred on the basis of external geometry, internal reflection configuration, and, where possible, core data. The five sequences are each interpreted to consist of turbidites grading laterally into hemipelagites. These primary deposits may be modified later by downslope creep or sliding and slumping. Because bathymetry is a major control on location of turbidity-current flows, slides, and slumps, the depositional history of the Veracruz Tongue provides indirect evidence of tectonic evolution of the Mexican Ridges fold belt and the Campeche Knolls salt province. Salt domes first formed a barrier to turbidity-current flow from the east at the close of the middle Miocene. The Mexican Ridges fold belt evolved gradually until it formed a complete barrier to turbidity-current flow from the west at the close of the Pliocene. As a result of shift in direction of turbidity-current flow through time, potentially "sand-prone" Miocene turbidites are overlain by hemipelagic clays and clayey oozes--a situation favorable to hydrocarbon entrapment.
“It’s the people that make the environment good or bad:” The patient’s experience of the acute care hospital environment

A review of contemporary nursing research reveals a tendency to focus on select aspects of the hospital environment such as noise, light, and music. Although studies such as these shed light on discrete aspects of the hospital environment, this body of literature contributes little to an understanding of the entirety of that world as the patient in the sickbed experiences it. The purpose of the study detailed in this article was to describe the patient's experience of the acute care hospital environment. Nondirective, in-depth phenomenological interviews were conducted, then transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for themes. Against the backdrop of "I lived and that's all that matters," there were 3 predominant themes in patients' experience of the acute care environment: (1) disconnection/connection, (2) fear/less fear, and (3) confinement/freedom. In this environment, human-to-human contact increased security and power in an environment that was described as sterile, disorienting, and untrustworthy. Acute and critical care nurses and other caregivers can use the findings to create less noxious hospital environments.
An in-line osmometer for application to a cell-based biosensor system

Abstract Analysis tools that use living cells as the primary sensor element require that samples be adjusted to physiological osmolarity levels prior to evaluation. Measurements presented show the effects of sample osmolality variations on cardiac cell action potentials (APs) as a motivation for the in-line osmometer. Finally, this work demonstrates an in-line osmometer for the purpose of evaluating the baseline osmolarity of a sample prior to adjustment. The operational range of the device presented is 0–500 mOsm/kg with a resolution of 3 mOsm/kg and an accuracy of ±8 mOsm/kg.
Prepartum antibiotic therapy with a cephapirin dry-cow product against naturally occurring intramammary infections in heifers.

Summary Intramammary infusion of a dry-cow antibiotic preparation containing 300 mg of cephapirin benzathine into 18 Jersey heifers, 10–12 weeks prepartum, resulted in cure rates of existing intramammary infection (IMI) of 96 % (24/25), 100 % (4/4), and 90 % (28/31) for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, and Staphylococcus species, respectively. Cure rates of IMI that had been treated with a lactating-cow therapy containing 200 mg cephapirin benzathine at parturition were 62.5 % (15/24), 100 % (22/22), and 100 % (3/3) for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, and Staphylococcus species, respectively. Initial somatic cell counts (SCC) of secretions from infected quarters were greater than from uninfected quarters. At 2 months postpartum, the SCC of milk from treated and cured quarters were reduced in comparison with quarters that remained infected. Cephapirin benzathine was present at detectable concentrations in 94, 80, 68, and 61 % of treated quarters at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after infusion of the cephapirin dry-cow product, respectively. At parturition, 24 % of treated quarters were positive for antibiotic, however, no quarters remained positive for antibiotic at 5 days postpartum. An additional 40 heifers from a commercial herd were sampled and infused in all quarters with the cephapirin dry-cow product at 16–20 weeks prepartum. Cure rates for the commercial herd were 94 % (29/31), 94 % (16/17), 100 % (44/44), and 100 % (3/3), respectively, for quarters infected by S. aureus, Streptococcus species, Staphylococcus species, and coliforms.
Angular Correlations Involving Conversion Electrons

Publisher Summary Angular correlations involving internal conversion electrons are important quantities in investigating nuclear structure and the conversion process. In the past, when there was no high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometer applicable to angular correlation experiments, e−-γ angular correlation used to have another merit in that a magnetic spectrometer could be used to resolve closely spaced lines. Modern apparatus are making use of solid-state detectors, which have now been developed by many people. The resolution of a Si (Li) detector is so good that it can replace a magnetic spectrometer in most cases. The main restriction in the use of Si (Li) detectors is that the total counting rate be limited. The use of a Si (Li) detector makes it very easy to measure angular correlations involving K, L, and M conversion electrons. The chapter explains the significance of angular correlations involving L conversion electrons.
NONRANDOM ASSORTMENT IN PRIMARY NONDISJUNCTION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

dissociation of these complexes results in randomly directed univalents and apparent nondisjunction of the X chromosomes. Sandler and Novitski3 have found that the presence of an extra fourth chromosome increases the frequency of primary nondisjunction. They indicate that homologies in the heterochromatin may bring about pairing between the extra fourth chromosome and an X chromosome, thereby causing nondisjunction of the X's. Grell4 has shown in such individuals that a free fourth chromosome usually segregates from the two X chromosomes in the exceptional progeny. Grell5"6 and Oksala7 have reported nonrandom assortment of the Y chromosome and structurally heterozygous autosomes. In Oksala's data the distribution of the Y chromosome was not random in the progeny of females heterozygous for the inversion-translocation complex In(2L + 2R)Cy/T(2;3)rn. Instead the majority of the Y chromosomes were found in females which did not receive the Curly inversions. Oksala explains the distribution by assuming that the Y pairs and segregates from the Curly inversion chromosome. Due to the difficulty of formation of an inversion loop in a translocation heterozygote, the chromosome having the Curly inversions encounters the greatest difficulty in pairing. He assumes that the Y pairs with the heterochromatic block of the unpaired second chromosome and segregates from it. The resulting segregation produces the nonrandom distribution of the Y chromosome among the progeny. If nonhomologous pairing is a factor in primary nondisjunction, then in II-III inversion-translocation complexes the unpaired chromosome would pair with one or both X chromosomes. The resulting distribution of the autosomal factors woild be nonrandom among the female and male exceptions. The present work reports this finding. Nondisjunction with Translocations and Inversions.--The data for the primary nondisjunction of five sex-linked genotypes with one or more autosomal inversiontranslocation complexes are presented in Table 1. Data for several of the sex-linked inversion genotypes with either a translocation or an inversion are also included. The distribution of the autosomal inversion and translocation phenotypes among the female and male exceptions is not random. Instead the exceptional females have only one autosomal phenotype while nearly all the males show the other. As patroclinous males can also arise from crossing over within sex-linked inversions the presence of some exceptional males of both types is to be expected even though only
Scanning electron microscopy of holmium:YAG ablated lamellar bone

Surface features of Holmium:YAG (2.12 micrometers ) ablated lamellar bone were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Porcine lamellar bone was harvested from the parietal and frontal regions of domestic pigs and machined into uniform specimens of 0.8 mm thickness. Ablation studies were performed under physiologic conditions (fresh bone) and on bone that had been serially dehydrated with graded alcohol baths. A Holmium:YAG laser at 4 Hz pulse repetition rate was used with an average energy density of 9 J/cm2 per pulse. Ablation was terminated at specific intervals corresponding to visibly observed changes in the ablation process. These included the initiation of ablation without plasma, the onset of plasma, prolonged plasma-mediated ablation, and through ablation to the other side of the specimen. Both wet and dry bone specimens were prepared for SEM. SEM was performed on selected ablation craters at magnifications varying from 75x to 5000x. Several features distinguish the ablation craters in wet versus dry bone. In general, ablated dehydrated bone exhibited very smooth surface features in which the heated bone appeared to melt and coalesce so as to form disc-like condensations. Often, successive discs were formed so that they stacked on top of each other. Fresh bone formed distinctly globular formations although some discs were also encountered at various energy settings. The overall globular structure was far more compact than that observed in the respective dehydrated samples. The results are discussed with relevance to ablation rates and surface temperature measurements.
Complex logarithms, Cauchy principal values, and the complex variable boundary element method

Abstract A derivation of the complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM) is presented which explains, in detail, the properties of complex logarithms that are important to the development of and which can cause problems in the numerical implementation of the CVBEM if not fully understood. The derivation uses the Sokhotski-Plemelj formulas and the Cauchy principal value of the Cauchy integral .
Adsorption of Binary Mixtures of Ethane and Acetylene on Activated Carbon

Abstract Dynamic measurements of the adsorption of binary mixtures of ethane and acetylene (and also of each gas alone) in a helium carrier gas were made on an (Columbia 4LXC 12/28) activated carbon adsorber bed at 25°C. The adsorption capacities of the activated carbon for the pure gases and for each component in the mixtures are extracted from the transmission curves by the use of a mass balance equation. Transmission is the ratio of the concentration at the outlet of the adsorber bed to that at the inlet. The adsorption isotherms for pure ethane and acetylene can be represented by a modified Langmuir isotherm known as the Chakravarti-Dhar isotherm at gas concentrations up to at least 4.2 ± 10−7 mol/cm3 (viz., 7.8 mmHg). The gas-adsorbate equilibrium composition and the adsorption capacity of each component in the binary mixture of ethane and acetylene are estimated from the corresponding single-component isotherms by applying ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST). The fact that the estimated values of ...
The American Jesuit Contribution to Social Action and Social Order After Rerum Novarum

Much has been written of the aims and programs of Catholic Social Action. This article does not intend to duplicate that material, but rather to concentrate on the contribution of the American Assistancy of the Society of Jesus to the social apostolate and to show how that contribution promoted the aims of the Catholic Economic Association.1 The Society of Jesus has earned a reputation for being on the cutting edge of most papal campaigns to reform society. Their participation in the social action movement which followed Pope Leo XIIFs call for improvement of the condition of workers in his encyclical Rerum Novarum is well documented, especially in the activities of Action Populaire in France, Fomento Social in Spain, and Ecole Social Populaire in Quebec (Gareau, 1946, p. 1; Graham, 1946, p. 5). The more philosophical works of European Jesuits such as Oswald von Nell-Breuning, Gustav Gundlach, and Heinrich Pesch have been reviewed in depth and will not be revisited here.2
The Efficacy of Playing Hard-To-Get

It has often been suggested that individuals will prefer dates who play “hard-to-get.” Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that teen-agers will assume that a hard-to-get individual is more socially desirable than a person whose high regard is easily obtained. This hypothesis was not confirmed; the results were opposite to those predicted. It appears that playing hard-to-get is not an effective strategy for increasing one’s status. Apparently, all the world does love a lover.
Inhibition of Adenosine Triphosphatases in Vitro by Silver Nitrate and Silver Sulfadiazine

Inhibition of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) by silver nitrate (AgNO3) in vitro was studied in microsomal fractions or tissue homogenates of canine brain and kidney and human kidney. In microsomal fractions, AgNO3 was an indiscriminate inhibitor of ouabain-sensitive (Na+ + K+ ATPase) and ouabain-insensitive (Mg2+ ATPase) activities, with 50% inhibition obtaining at concentrations on the order of 10–7 to 10–6 M. Changing the concentrations of Na+, K+, H+, Mg2+, and ATP did not alter the fractional inhibition of Na+ + K+ ATPase by a constant concentration of AgNO3. An aqueous suspension of silver sulfadiazine had an inhibitory potency similar to AgNO3. It was concluded that silver gives a different pattern of Na+ + K+ ATPase inhibition than other metallic inhibitors of the enzyme so far examined.
Dedekind sums and uniform distribution

Let s(d,c) be the Dedekind sum; let r be a nonzero real number. We show that the sequence of points in two-space given by 〈(dc, rs(d,c))〉, c = 1, 2,…, 0 < d < c, (d, c) = 1, is uniformly distributed (mod 1).
INTERACTION OF EICOSANOIDS AND BARORECEPTORS IN THE CONTROL OF FETAL RENAL BLOOD FLOW. † 2164

Eicosanoids are involved in the control of fetal renal blood flow. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible interaction of arterial baroreceptors and eicosanoids in the control of renal blood flow responses to arterial hypotension in the late-gestation fetal sheep. Twenty-two fetal sheep(124-136 days' gestation) were chronically prepared with vascular catheters and with an intra-or extravascular occluder (which was used for reduction of venous return). Fetuses were subjected to carotid sinus denervation and bilateral vagotomy (SAD: n=8) or sham denervation (SHAM: n=14). Fetuses were treated with 0.1 M phosphate buffer (PB) or 0.2 mg/kg indomethacin (INDO) 90 min prior to induction of 10 min period of arterial hypotension (app. 50% reduction of arterial blood pressure, n=7 SHAM and n=7 SAD). Renal blood flow(RBF) was measured before and after 6-9 min of hypotension using injection of colored microspheres (15 μm, Triton Technology, Inc.), collection of reference blood samples from the descending aorta, and quantification of color using manufacturer's specifications. Statistics were performed using analysis of variance and Newman-Keuls test. In SHAM fetuses, neither PB nor INDO significantly altered basal RBF. Hypotension decreased RBF in this group from 2.5±0.2 to 0.3±0.3 mL/g/min (p<0.0001). SAD increased basal RBF to 3.8±0.3 mL/g/min (p<0.001). INDO decreased basal RBF in this group to 2.5±0.2 mL/g/min (p<0.0001). In the SAD fetuses, hypotension decreased RBF to 1.3±0.2 (PB) and 0.5±0.2 (INDO) mL/g/min, changes which were not significantly different than the changes in SHAM (±INDO) fetuses (p=NS). We conclude: 1) the decrease in RBF in response to hypotension is not completely baroreceptor-mediated; 2) basal RBF is controlled by arterial baroreceptors; and 3) there is a significant interaction between eicosanoids and baroreceptor control of RBF. (Supported by Children's Miracle Network to FL and Florida Affiliate of the American Heart Association to CEW).
Radiation Damage to Solar Cells on Relay I and Relay II

The short circuit currents from 1 ohm-cm silicon N/P, silicon P/N, and gallium arsenide solar cells, bearing shields up to 60 mils thick, and carried aboard the Relay I and Relay II satellites were monitored. The currents from all cells decreased because of damage by the trapped particles in the Van Allen radiation belts, The currents from unshielded cells fell to about half initial values in one day. The heavily shielded silicon cells finally degraded at the rate of about 17% per decade of time. Heavily shielded N/P silicon cells lasted about 10 times as long as similar P/N cells. Tentatively, gallium arsenide cells with 3 and 12 mil glass shields appear inferior to silicon N/P cells with 60 mil fused silica shields, while gallium arsenide cells with 30 and 60 mil silica shields appear superior, judging by comparing times to fall to given percentages of initial short circuit current values, and ignoring absolute efficiencies. The results from Relay I and Relay II, where comparable are in good agreement. The severe stepwise damage experienced by the unshielded cells is in good agreement with values calculated from the expected fluxes of protons of 0.5 Mev and greater. The calculated proton damage to the heavily shielded silicon cells is somewhat greater than that observed in orbit. Electron damage, after being discounted for belt decay, is considered to be a contributing but minor factor.