cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Progress on ANL/KICP Bolometers for SPTpol

We present progress on Argonne/KICP TES bolometers fabricated at Argonne National Labs. These detectors will be used to measure the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation with SPTpol. The sensors are bolometers consisting of a Mo/Au transition edge sensors (TES) suspended on silicon nitride with a gold bar absorber to couple radiation to the device. We present optical measurements and thermal characterizations of prototype devices.
Learning, Decisions and Transformation in Critical Care Nursing Practice:

Critical care nurses are key providers in a high acuity environment. This qualitative research study explored ethical decision making in a critical care practice setting. Fifteen critical care nurses with varying experience and education levels were purposively sampled to assure the representativeness of the data. The theoretical concepts of experiential learning, perspective transformation, reflection-in-action and principle-based ethics were used as a framework for eliciting information from the participants. A new model of focused reflection in ethical decision making was developed. Findings showed that having a role model or mentor to help guide the ethical decision-making process was critical for focused ethical discourse and the decision making.
A Lexicon For Organizational Change: Examining The Use Of Language In Popular, Practitioner, And Scholar Periodicals

This study presents an examination of the ambiguity surrounding the language of organizational change. The purpose is to unearth patterns in how language is used to describe major organizational change. A sample of 15 journals that spanned 15 years (2,168 issues) were examined from three categories. The results provided 14 different relevant terms for organizational change. The most emphasized term is organizational transformation. The article also conducts a within domain examination that sheds light on the gap between practice and research. Labels and definitions are proposed. Directions and prescriptions for the future are also discussed.
The Changing Face of First-Year Intravascular Ultrasonography in Heart Transplantation.

In this issue of JACC: Heart Failure , Okada et al. [(1)][1] demonstrate paradoxical vessel remodeling of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery segment at 1 year to be predictive of long-term mortality in a cohort of 100 heart transplantation patients. The authors are to be
Complete Genome Sequence of Streptococcus anginosus J4211, a Clinical Isolate.

ABSTRACT Streptococcus anginosus is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes abscesses of the brain, liver, and other organs. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of a clinically isolated strain of S. anginosus J4211. The genome sequence contains two prophages and multiple mobile genetic elements.
Abstract C147: Itraconazole side-chain analogs reveal a distinct structure-activity relationship for inhibition of hedgehog pathway signaling.

Itraconazole is an antifungal drug that was recently found to potently inhibit the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. The mechanism of inhibition of Hh signaling is distinct from that of cyclopamine-competitive inhibitors currently in late-stage clinical development. Itraconazole has also been described as a potent inhibitor of activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and tumor associated angiogenesis. The unexpected activities associated with this FDA-approved agent offer a unique opportunity for expansion of its use to the oncology arena. As such, itraconazole is currently being evaluated in several clinical trials targeting proliferative disease, including basal cell carcinoma and recurrent metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. To date, the target(s) of itraconazole responsible for these activities remain to be determined. In these studies we expand the characterization of the activity profile for itraconazole by examining potency in the context of a Smoothened receptor point-mutation associated with clinical resistance to vismodegib (GDC-0449). Additionally, in the interest of understanding the structure-activity relationship (SAR) guiding Hh pathway targeting and working towards the identification and development of inhibitors demonstrating greater potency and specificity; twenty-five itraconazole side chain analogs were synthesized and assayed for inhibition of Hh pathway activation. Furthermore, the SAR associated with the inhibition of phospho-activatable forms of VEGFR2 is also described. Through these analyses we report that itraconazole maintains potency against the Hh pathway in the context of the D477G Smoothened mutation (mouse homologue to human D473H). We also conclude that SAR trends for targeting of the Hh pathway are divergent from those associated with inhibition of VEGFR2 signaling. Taken together, these results suggest that modification of the sec-butyl side chain of itraconazole can enhance compound activity and differentially affects inhibition of the Hh pathway and VEGFR2 signaling. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C147.
Historical Perspective on the Classification and Nomenclature of Pulmonary Hypertension

Tracing the history of nomenclature and classification of pulmonary hypertension reveals a complex journey spanning three centuries. Initial observations regarding the functions of cardiopulmonary systems served as a platform for the tremendous progress achieved in the past century, with the most significant event being the introduction and standardization of right heart catheterization. The advent of the pulmonary hypertension epidemic due to aminorex galvanized the medical community to learn more about this fatal disease, major outcome being the formation of the PPH Registry from which the natural history, epidemiology and clinical features were gathered. These initial efforts paved the way for tremendous advances which followed in screening, diagnosis, and discovery of targeted therapies. A critical contributor to the progress is the introduction and evolution in nomenclature and classification system created from the need to standardize terminology and provide structure to serve as framework for research and patient care. This chapter will discuss the key events leading to the present day nomenclature scheme and classification system for pulmonary hypertension.
SOME RESEARCH CHALLENGES IN THE ECONOMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

The paper reviews progress in understanding the economics of climate change with an emphasis on identifying promising advances that are both significant and nonmarginal, as well as areas in which there are key gaps in our knowledge. We highlight several important areas in which important policy-relevant research questions remain: improving estimates of climate damage used for determining the social cost of carbon, refining integrated assessment models, and designing better climate policies. As the world moves to understand and implement country emissions reduction pledges in the context of the UNFCCC, understanding the economics of the problem will become even more important. The hope is that the paper is not only informative for existing economists already working in climate change economics, but that it also serves as an inspiration for economists in other areas, or even those in other disciplines, on ways in which to contribute to solving the problem at hand.
EW Command-and-Control Software Development Method

Along with development of electronic technology and modern warfare,EW command-and-control sytem has to accommodate the requirement of improving the commanding ability of our army, and the software must have the characteristics of facility and practicality. This article proposes an EW command-and-control software's development mode to meet those requirements in the writer's project practice.
G151 A retrospective study of all patients diagnosed with vascular rings between 2001–2015 at a tertiary paediatric hospital

Vascular rings are congenital anomalies occurring early in the development of the aortic arch and great vessels. The aorta originally develops as a series of arches with bilateral symmetry. By the end of the second month of foetal life, parts of the arch complex have regressed leaving the 9typical9 anatomy of a left aortic arch. The two most common types of complete vascular rings are double aortic arch (Figure 1) and right aortic arch with left ligamentum arteriosum, making up 85–90% of cases. Vascular rings make up less than 1% of congenital cardiac defects. Some rings are isolated defects while others occur with heart defects. Primary symptoms associated with vascular rings relate to structures encircled by the ring such as the trachea and oesophagus. Occasionally presenting with acute life threating emergencies (ALTE), they usually present with respiratory/deglutition abnormalities but can occasionally be asymptomatic, incidental findings. Traditionally identified by barium swallow, cross-sectional modalities (CT/MRI) are the chosen modality; diagnosis can be missed by echocardiography alone. Aim To identify the patterns of presentation of vascular rings in a tertiary children’s hospital. Method A retrospective study identifying all patients with vascular rings using the cardiac database presenting between 2001–2015. We excluded aberrant right subclavian artery with left arch as this does not form a vascular ring. Results 69 patients were diagnosed with a vascular ring. There was a male preponderance (45/69). 4 patients died. Other cardiac lesions identified in 28 patients. 58 had surgery. The most common diagnosis was double aortic arch (40 patients), followed by right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian (26 patients). Stridor was the commonest symptom (34 patients). 12 patients identified following imaging for other cardiac abnormalities. 10 were identified through respiratory symptoms (persistent cough, chest infections). 6 were identified through PICU and 2 had acute life threatening events. 5 patients had diagnosis missed on echocardiogram or barium swallow. Conclusion Vascular rings can present in a variety of different ways. The majority of cases require surgery. Cross sectional studies should be undertaken to prevent missed diagnosis.
Prosodic cues to presupposition projection

In English utterances with factive predicates, the content of the clausal complement of the predicate may project, i.e., taken to be a commitment of the speaker, even when the factive predicate is embedded under an entailment canceling operator (e.g., Kiparsky & Kiparsky 1971 ; Karttunen 1971 ). Based on impressionistic judgments, Beaver ( 2010 ) and Simons, Beaver, Roberts & Tonhauser ( to appear ) suggested that whether the content of the complement of an utterance with a factive predicate projects depends on the information structure of the utterance and, since information structure is prosodically marked, on the prosodic realization of the utterance. This paper describes the results of three perception experiments designed to explore the influence of the prosodic realization of an utterance with a factive predicate on the projection of the content of the complement. The results of the experiments suggest that the prosodic realization of such utterances provides a cue to the projectivity of the content of the complement. These findings provide empirical support for the question-based analysis of projection advanced in Simons et al. to appear .
HYDROGEN AND ELECTRON TRANSFER IN MITOCHONDRIA

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the hydrogen and electrons successively transfer through a number of oxidation–reduction carriers ultimately to oxygen. Energy derived from the reaction is utilized by the organism through energy coupling and transduction. The chapter discusses the mitochondrial hydrogen and electron transfer that occur in the inner membrane. The sequence of hydrogen and electron transfer can be deduced from the results of thermodynamic and kinetic studies. The former alone cannot determine the path; both concentrations of the components and the so-called energy barrier (activation energy) must also be considered. Results from kinetics are perhaps most direct and reliable. The reliability of the results is, needless to say, dependent upon the accurate selection of wave lengths used without interference by other substances present. The determinations of relatively rapid reactions possess some practical difficulties, even with special instruments.
Abciximab-induced delayed profound thrombocytopaenia

Abciximab, the first approved glycoprotein (GP IIb/IIIa) inhibitor, is being widely used during acute coronary syndromes and offers the promising approach to antithrombotic therapy. We present a case of a young woman who initially received abciximab infusion for undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention of left anterior descending artery and was eventually diagnosed with abciximab-induced delayed thrombocytopaenia. This case outlines the importance of close follow-up of these patients to prevent serious adverse events.
Subset Selection for Sequential Data

Subset selection, which is the task of finding a small subset of most informative items from a large ground set, finds numerous applications in different areas. Sequential data, including time-series and ordered data, contain important structural relationships among items, imposed by underlying dynamic models of data, that should play a vital role in the selection of representatives. However, nearly all existing subset selection techniques ignore underlying dynamics of data and treat items independently, leading to incompatible set of representatives. In this paper, we develop a new framework for sequential subset selection that takes advantage of the underlying dynamic models of data, promoting to select a set of representatives that not only are of high quality and diversity, but also are compatible according to the underlying dynamic models. To do so, we equip items with transition dynamic models and pose the problem as an integer binary optimization over assignments of sequential items to representatives, that leads to high encoding, diversity and transition potentials. As the proposed formulation is non-convex, we derive a max-sum message passing algorithm to solve the problem efficiently. Experiments on synthetic and real data, including instructional video summarization and motion capture segmentation, show that our sequential subset selection framework not only achieves better encoding and diversity than the state of the art, but also successfully incorporates dynamic of data, leading to compatible representatives.
Despite limitations in content range, the SCIM-III is reproducible and a valid indicator of physical function in youths with spinal cord injury and dysfunction.

Multi-center, repeated measures Evaluate psychometric properties of the SCIM-III in children. Seven facilities in North America One-hundred and twenty-seven youths, mean age of 10.8 years and chronic spinal cord injury/dysfunction completed two administrations of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure-III (SCIM-III). Mean, standard deviation, range values were calculated for SCIM-III total and subscales for the entire sample, four age groups and injury characteristics. Test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and floor and ceiling effects were examined. Total SCIM-III and self-care (SC) subscale scores for the youngest age group were lower than those for the three older age groups. There were statistically significant differences in SC subscale scores between neurological level (NL) C5-T1 and T2 -T12; C5-T1 and L1-S4/5; and T2-T12 and L1-S4/5 and in in-room, and indoor/outdoor mobility subscale scores between C1-C4 and T2-T12; C1-C4 and L1-S4/5; C5-T1 and T2-T12; C5-T1 and L1-S4/5; and T2-T12 and L1-S4/5. All scores between motor complete and motor incomplete differed. Test-retest reliability was good (ICC values = > 0.84) and there was moderate to strong correlation between SCIM-III and the FIM® Instrument (r = 0.77–0.92). Ceiling effects were present in the SC subscale for the oldest age group (24%) and for NL L1-S4/5 (35.5%) and in in-room mobility subscale for 6–12 (45.7%), 13–15 (30.43%) and 16–17 (60%) ages, paraplegia (42.4%), tetraplegia (37.1%), incomplete injuries (50%), and T2-T12 (38%) and L1-S4/5 (100%) NL. Despite limitations in content range, the SCIM-III is reproducible, and a valid indicator of physical functioning in youth with SCI/D 6 years of age and older. The study was funded by the Craig H. Neilsen Foundation, Spinal Cord Injury Research on the Translation Spectrum, Senior Research Award Grant #282592 (Mulcahey, PI)
Impaired Sleep Mediates the Negative Effects of Training Load on Subjective Well-Being in Female Youth Athletes.

Background:Although increased training load (TL) and impaired sleep are associated with decreases in subjective well-being in adult athletes, these relationships among female youth athletes are unc...
Direct Aryl C−H Amination with Primary Amines Using Organic Photoredox Catalysis

The direct catalytic C-H amination of arenes is a powerful synthetic strategy with useful applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials chemistry. Despite the advances in catalytic C-H functionalization, the use of aliphatic amine coupling partners is limited. Described herein is the construction of C-N bonds, using primary amines, by direct C-H functionalization with an acridinium photoredox catalyst under an aerobic atmosphere. A wide variety of primary amines, including amino acids and more complex amines are competent coupling partners. Various electron-rich aromatics and heteroaromatics are useful scaffolds in this reaction, as are complex, biologically active arenes. We also describe the ability to functionalize arenes that are not oxidized by an acridinium catalyst, such as benzene and toluene, thus supporting a reactive amine cation radical intermediate.
Characteristics of Adults' Use of Facebook and the Potential Impact on Health Behavior: Secondary Data Analysis.

Background: Social influences are a primary factor in the adoption of health behaviors. Social media platforms, such as Facebook, disseminate information, raise awareness, and provide motivation and support for positive health behaviors. Facebook has evolved rapidly and is now a part of many individuals' daily routine. The high degree of individual engagement and low attrition rate of this platform necessitate consideration for a potentially positive impact on health behavior. Objective: The aim of this paper is to investigate the use of Facebook by adults. Knowledge is limited to the unique characteristics of Facebook users, including time spent on Facebook by adults of various age groups. Characteristics of Facebook users are important to understand to direct efforts to engage adults in future health behavior interventions. Methods: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for this secondary analysis of existing de-identified survey data collected for the Pew Research Center. The sample included adults age 18-65 years and above. Binomial logistic regression was performed for the model of age group and Facebook use, controlling for other demographics. A multinomial logistic regression model was used for the variable of time spent on Facebook. Based on the regression models, we computed and reported the marginal effects on Facebook use and time spent of adults age groups, including age groups 18-29, 30-49, 50-64, and 65 and over. We discuss these findings in the context of the implications for promoting positive health behaviors. Results: The demographics of the final sample (N=730) included adults age 18-65 years and above (mean 48.2 yrs, SD 18.3 yrs). The majority of the participants were female (372/730, 50.9%), white (591/730, 80.9%) and non-Hispanic (671/730, 91.9%). Bivariate analysis indicated that Facebook users and nonusers differed significantly by age group (χ2=76.71, P<.001) and sex (χ2=9.04, P=.003). Among subjects aged 50 and above, the predicted probability was 66% for spending the same amount of time, 10% with increased time, and 24% with decreased time. Conclusions: The key findings of this study were Facebook use among midlife and older adults was more likely to stay the same over time, compared to the other age groups. Interestingly, the young adult age group 18-29 years was more likely to decrease their time on Facebook over time. Specifically, younger females were most likely to decrease time spent on Facebook. In general, male participants were most likely to spend the same amount of time on Facebook. These findings have implications for future health intervention research, and ultimately, for translation to the clinic setting to improve health outcomes.
Accelerated ReaxFF Simulations for Describing the Reactive Cross-Linking of Polymers.

Various methods have been developed to perform atomistic-scale simulations for the cross-linking of polymers. Most of these methods involve connecting the reactive sites of the monomers, but these ...
Historical Introduction to Gonadal Regulation of the Uterus and the Menses

This chapter presents a selective historically oriented survey of the development of concepts from which modern gynecologic endocrinology arose. Current literature rarely permits consideration of how the basic facts and concepts developed and seldom provides historical perspective.
The Global Integrity Project and the Ethics of Integrity

Despite the bad press that generally followed the most recent occurrence of E1 Nino, on Nov. 1st, 1997 the Italian News Channel (RAI), and the U.S. Sunday Report, on Nov.2, showed a marvel engendered by El Nino: the flowering of the Chilean desert. It is important to note this example because it shows clearly why the insistence on largely unmanipulated (if not “intact”, “pristine”, or “virgin”) systems is so vital to the understanding of integrity and to life on Earth. A seemingly barren desert area in Chile, without a discernible complement of species in recent times, changed dramatically after El Nino. Because the latent biological processes specific to deserts were present there, the unusual rains brought in by El Nino, produced a wonderland of flowers and grasses, with all the accompanying complementary species of insects, such as bees, ants and butterflies, and an abundance of other species.
What is syndromic surveillance

Innovative electronic surveillance systems are being developed to improve early detection of outbreaks attributable to biologic terrorism or other causes. A review of the rationale, goals, definitions, and realistic expectations for these surveillance systems is a crucial first step toward establishing a framework for further research and development in this area. This commentary provides such a review for current syndromic surveillance systems. Syndromic surveillance has been used for early detection of outbreaks, to follow the size, spread, and tempo of outbreaks, to monitor disease trends, and to provide reassurance that an outbreak has not occurred. Syndromic surveillance systems seek to use existing health data in real time to provide immediate analysis and feedback to those charged with investigation and follow-up of potential outbreaks. Optimal syndrome definitions for continuous monitoring and specific data sources best suited to outbreak surveillance for specific diseases have not been determined. Broadly applicable signal-detection methodologies and response protocols that would maximize detection while preserving scant resources are being sought. Stakeholders need to understand the advantages and limitations of syndromic surveillance systems. Syndromic surveillance systems might enhance collaboration among public health agencies, health-care providers, information-system professionals, academic investigators, and industry. However, syndromic surveillance does not replace traditional public health surveillance, nor does it substitute for direct physician reporting of unusual or suspect cases of public health importance.
You can’t be what you can’t see: the power of opportunity to change young lives

Out-of-school-time activities engage students in formal and informal learning that can help to close lingering achievement and opportunity gaps among culturally and linguistically diverse learners ...
Fine orientation control of an insertable robotic camera system for single incision laparoscopic surgery.

BACKGROUND Insertable laparoscopic camera systems were developed to improve the minimally invasive surgeries. Robotic degrees of freedom for an insertable laparoscopic camera are required to adjust the camera's orientation and position inside an abdominal cavity. METHODS This paper demonstrates an insertable magnetic actuated robotic camera system with two-degree-of-freedom (2-DoF) orientation control for single incision laparoscopic surgery. The camera system design consists of an external magnetic control unit and a fully insertable camera capsule. This system features a unified mechanism for anchoring, navigating, and rotating the insertable camera capsule by externally generated rotational magnetic field from the control unit. The motor-free camera capsule is encapsulated in an one-piece housing with two ring-shaped tail-end magnets and one cylindrical central magnet. The control unit that positioned externally consists of both permanent magnets and electromagnetic coils to generate rotational magnetic field and control the camera capsule. RESULTS The experimental investigations indicated that the camera control system can achieve less than 1° control accuracies with average errors 0.594° and 0.524° for tilt motion and pan motion, respectively. CONCLUSION The designed control system provides fine orientation control for the insertable camera capsule which guarantees proper vision for the surgeon during single incision laparoscopic surgery.
Integrating Signal Processing Modules of Hearing Aids into a Real-Time Smartphone App

This paper presents the integration of three major modules of the signal processing pipeline that go into a typical digital hearing aid as a real-time smartphone app. These modules include voice activity detection, noise reduction, and compression. The steps taken to allow the real-time implementation of this integration or signal processing pipeline are discussed. These steps can be utilized to create similar signal processing pipelines or integrated apps to evaluate hearing improvement algorithms. The real-time characteristics of the developed integrated app are reported as well as an objective evaluation of its noise reduction.
Making Men in Gomorrah 1 and Gomorrah 2

This chapter focuses on Gomorrah 1 (2014) and Gomorrah 2 (2016) and addresses how male characters are constructed in exceedingly sympathetic and positive terms while committing atrocious and merciless acts, which is not the case for most of the women in positions of power in the program. Principal protagonists commit ugly offenses that, paradoxically, aid in constructing the appeal of the antiheroes. The chapter considers how power is primarily aligned with powerful male bodies, and, as protagonists’ bodies transform—through aging and affliction, through buffing up—power and charisma shift between men. This chapter investigates the gender power dynamics at work in the series’ first two seasons and pays attention to how women and men are made (and undone) in the eyes of the viewer.
On modeling Richtmyer–Meshkov turbulent mixing widths

Abstract We present several observations concerning the Richtmyer–Meshkovmixing widths after a shock or reshock passes through the interface between two fluids. The mixing evolves with two oppositely-moving fronts: A bubble ( b ) side into the heavier fluid and a spike ( s ) side into the lighter fluid. Our first observation concerns the reference surface used to partition the total mix width, h b + s , into separate h b and h s widths. Next, we point out that if and when h b and h s obey power-laws t θ with separate θ b and θ s , then h b + s cannot be given, except as an approximation, by a single θ b + s . Finally, we describe a fully continuous model for h i t , i = b , s , or b + s , as the solution to the “drag equation” with a time-dependent θ i ( t ) .
Divergent Solution and Solid-State Structures of Mono- and Dinuclear Nickel(II) Pyridone Complexes

The chelating 2-pyridone ligand (E)-6-(1-((2-(methylthio)phenyl)imino)ethyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one (1) has been used to synthesize five nickel(II) complexes that have been characterized by single-crysta...
Sprinting to the Finish Line: The Benefits and Challenges of Book Sprints in OER Faculty-Graduate Student Collaborations.

This article investigates the results of a book sprint experience whose main objective was the development of instructional modules for an open textbook for the teaching of Spanish as a second language. Six graduate students at a public American university participated in the project for a week, working in pairs in the creation of activities that required the incorporation of the tenets of the dual pedagogical frameworks of performance- and literacy-based instruction (as realized through learning by design). Data were collected through both an opinion survey and the assessment of samples of the participants’ products. The results of the survey showed that graduate students felt that being part of the book sprint had been beneficial both at the professional and personal levels, but they had also experienced difficulties similar to those reported in previous studies. The products analyzed pointed to a lack of connection between the required pedagogical tenets and the materials developed, which has also been reported in existing works on pre- and in-service teachers as materials developers. The article discusses how these results could have been a consequence of the structure of the book sprint, and it offers recommendations for future activities of this kind.
vSocial: a cloud-based system for social virtual reality learning environment applications in special education

Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) are spaces designed to educate student groups remotely via online platforms. Although traditional VLEs have shown promise in educating students, they offer limited immersion that overall diminishes learning effectiveness. In this paper, we describe vSocial, a cloud-based virtual reality learning environment (VRLE) system that can be deployed over high-speed networks using the High Fidelity “social VR” platform. vSocial provides flexible control of group learning content and compliance with established VLE standards with improved immersive user experience for both instructor(s) and students. For our vSocial development, we build upon the use case of an existing special education VLE viz., iSocial that trains youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder by implementing the Social Competence Intervention (SCI) curriculum. The vSocial can be used to: (a) implement multiple learning modules using wearable VR technologies, (b) integrate cognitive state sensing devices, and (c) organize learning session data securely using web applications hosted on cloud resources. Our experiment results show that the VR mode of content delivery in vSocial better stimulates the generalization of lessons to the real world than non-VR lessons, and provides improved immersion when compared to an equivalent desktop version. Further, usability study results show that users can successfully use the web application features in vSocial for group learning activities with ease-of-use and consistency.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of supratotal versus gross total resection for glioblastoma.

Purpose Due to the infiltrative nature of glioblastoma (GBM) outside of the contrast-enhancing region on MRI, there is interest in exploring supratotal resections (SpTR) that extend beyond the contrast-enhancing portion of the tumor. However, there is currently no consensus on the potential survival benefit of SpTR in GBM compared to gross total resection (GTR). In this study, we compare the impact of SpTR versus GTR on overall survival (OS) of GBM patients. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature published on PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov, from inception to August 16, 2018, to identify articles comparing OS after SpTR versus GTR. Results We identified 8902 unique citations, of which 11 articles met study inclusion criteria. 810 patients underwent SpTR out of a total of 2056 patients. 9 of 11 studies demonstrated improved outcomes with SpTR compared to GTR (median improvement in OS of 10.5 months), with no significant difference in postoperative complication rate. Overall study quality was variable, with ten studies presenting level IV evidence and one study presenting level IIIb evidence. Subgroup meta-analysis based on SpTR definition demonstrated a statistically significant 35% lower risk of mortality in patients who underwent anatomical SpTR compared to patients who underwent GTR (Hazard ratio = 0.65, 95% CI 0.47- 0.91, p = 0.003). Conclusion Our systematic review indicates SpTR may be associated with improved OS compared to GTR for GBM, especially with anatomical SpTR. However, this is limited by variable study design and significant clinical and methodological heterogeneity among studies. There is need for prospective clinical data to further guide parameters regarding the use of SpTR in GBM.
Direct Printing of Antennas on Large 3D Printed Plastic Structures

A new method of integrating passive components on large non-planar parts (example, automotive bumpers) using conductive spray inks and a shadow mask coupled with a damascene-like process is presented. The sprayed conductive ink acts as a catalyst for electro- or electroless-plating of copper. Structures with fine resolution can readily be printed using this process. A Vivaldi antenna operating in the V-band is demonstrated on a 3D printed scaled down automotive bumper. The proposed method is simple, reduces waste, and can readily be adopted in the integration of passive components on large plastic structures, especially for automotive applications. Details of design, fabrication, and measurement are presented.
Spectral singularities with directional sensitivity

We propose a class of spectral singularities that are sensitive to the direction of excitation and arise in nonlinear systems with broken parity symmetry. These spectral singularities are sensitive to the direction of the incident beam and result in diverging transmission and reflection for the left (right) incident, while the transmission and reflection of the right (left) side of the system remain finite. For the pedagogical reason, first we review the scattering formalism in nonlinear systems using an abstract $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function model. Then, using a parity symmetry broken nonlinear system consisting of two $\ensuremath{\delta}$ functions, one linear and the other nonlinear, we prove the existence of our proposed spectral singularities. Finally, we use an experimentally feasible realistic model based on coupled disk resonators to demonstrate the spectral singularity with directional sensitivity (SSDS). Our proposed SSDS might have applications in the design of nonlinear sensors and might provide a solution for the hole-burning problem in pumped laser ring resonators.
The Effects of Exercise on Telomere Length in Persons with Heart Failure

Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a disease of premature cellular aging, and telomere length, a measure of cellular age, is reduced in persons with HF. Chronic inflammation in HF is associated with worse outcomes. While inflammation is a putative mechanism contributing to telomere shortening, this relationship has yet to be explored in HF. Although physical activity has been known to increase telomere length, the effects in HF are unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of exercise on telomere length and the relationship with interleukin [IL]-1β in persons with HF. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of stored samples from persons with HF who participated in a 3-month home-based aerobic exercise intervention (n=15) or received usual care (n=15). IL-1β was measured in triplicate via ELISA. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Absolute telomere length was measured in triplicate via quantitative real-time PCR. The Student's t-test was used to examine between group and within group differences at baseline and 3-months, and Pearson correlations were used to examine relationships between telomere length and cytokines. Effect size was calculated using Hedges’ g. All data were analyzed using SAS version 9.4 with an alpha set at 0.05. Results Plasma IL-1β was lower among the exercise group compared to control at 3 months (1.08 ± 0.07 pg/mL vs. 1.80 ± 0.2 pg/mL; p Conclusions In this short-term study, a home-based walking intervention displays encouraging results related to the increase in telomere length and reduction of IL-1β in HF. The association between telomere length and IL-1β suggest a relationship between inflammation and cellular aging. Implications Moderate intensity exercise can help to maintain cellular function, thus improving outcomes in persons with HF.
Universal Decision Models

Humans are universal decision makers: we reason causally to understand the world; we act competitively to gain advantage in commerce, games, and war; and we are able to learn to make better decisions through trial and error. In this paper, we propose Universal Decision Model (UDM), a mathematical formalism based on category theory. Decision objects in a UDM correspond to instances of decision tasks, ranging from causal models and dynamical systems such as Markov decision processes and predictive state representations, to network multiplayer games and Witsenhausen's intrinsic models, which generalizes all these previous formalisms. A UDM is a category of objects, which include decision objects, observation objects, and solution objects. Bisimulation morphisms map between decision objects that capture structure-preserving abstractions. We formulate universal properties of UDMs, including information integration, decision solvability, and hierarchical abstraction. We describe universal functorial representations of UDMs, and propose an algorithm for computing the minimal object in a UDM using algebraic topology. We sketch out an application of UDMs to causal inference in network economics, using a complex multiplayer producer-consumer two-sided marketplace.
COVID-19 vaccine-associated subclinical axillary lymphadenopathy on screening mammogram

Abstract Background Women who received a COVID-19 vaccination may display subclinical unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy on screening mammography, which can appear suspicious for malignancy, leading to additional diagnostic evaluation. Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of subclinical unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy (sLAD) on screening mammogram in women who received either the first or second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech (Pfizer) or Moderna COVID-19 vaccines compared to women who have not. Materials and Methods In this IRB-approved, HIPAA complaint study from 12/14/2020 to 4/14/2021, 1027 patients presented for screening mammography and met study inclusion criteria. Patients with history of baseline lymphadenopathy or prior cancer diagnosis were excluded. Results : Of the 1027 women, 43 were recalled for unilateral sLAD. 34 women received a COVID-19 vaccination ipsilateral to the sLAD (Pfizer n=19, 44.2%; Moderna n=15, 34.9%), 9 did not (20.9%). Incidence of unilateral axillary sLAD was significantly higher (p-value Conclusion Women who have received either mRNA COVID-19 vaccines may benefit from scheduling their screening mammogram before vaccination or consider delaying screening mammography 8 weeks. While Pfizer may have an overall more robust immune response, Moderna may elicit a stronger immune response in elderly women. Abbreviations LAD = lymphadenopathy, sLAD: subclinical lymphadenopathy DM = diagnostic mammogram, Pfizer = Pfizer-BioNTech Summary Women who received a COVID-19 vaccination before screening mammography were significantly more likely to present with subclinical axillary lymphadenopathy than women who did not receive the vaccine. Key Results 13.2% of women who received a Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine exhibited subclinical axillary lymphadenopathy compared to 9.5% of those who received the Moderna vaccine. Only 1.2 % of those who did not receive a vaccine presented with subclinical unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy. The average time of resolution of the lymphadenopathy on diagnostic mammogram was 46.5 days overall, with Pfizer-BioNTech taking 50.7 days and Moderna 41.5 days.
Filtering in Office Markets: Evidence From Medium-Sized Cities

Filtering, a change in the quality of use for a structure, has been studied extensively in housing. However, there are reasons to believe that the phenomenon is at least as significant in office ma...
The State of Investor-State Arbitration-Some Reflections on Professor Brower's Plea for Sensible Principles

This article provides a reply to the framework introduced by Professor Brower in "Mitsubishi, Investor-State Arbitration, and the Law of State Immunity." Specifically, it discusses current developments within Professor Brower's six-point framework: (1) suppression of vexatious litigation; (2) level of discretion granted to adjudicators; (3) entitlement of states to claim benefit of all doubt in close cases; (4) adoption of mechanisms to promote uniformity of decision; (5) rejection of post-judgment proceedings that consistently claim to rob claimants of their victories; and (6) elimination of any role for political entities in the decision-making process. The developments described are related to select arbitration cases, including Methanex, United Parcel Service, Feldman, S.D. Myers, and Loewen, under some of the major international investment agreements, including NAFTA Chapter 11, CAFTA, the the Singapore-U.S. Fair Trade Agreement, the U.S-Uruguay Bilaterial Investment Treaty, and other bilateral agreements.
Taking the Pennsylvania Constitution Seriously When it Protects the Environment: Part I - An Interpretative Framework for Article I, Section 27

Article I, Section 27 of the Pennsylvania constitution does something that statutes and regulations cannot do; it makes environmental and historic protection part of the constitutional purpose of state government. This two-part Article explains how the Amendment accomplishes that purpose and what it should mean for Pennsylvania, and suggests the value of similar inquiries under other state and national constitutions. Pennsylvania's experience is particularly important in understanding such provisions because Article I, Section 27 is the most prominent environmental amendment to a state constitution. Part I of this Article suggests an interpretative framework for understanding the Amendment that is based on its text, legislative history, and purposes. First, the Amendment creates two separate constitutional rules - one concerning the public's right to clean air, pure water, and the preservation of certain environmental values; and the other creating a public right in the conservation and maintenance of public natural resources.Second, Article I, Section 27 gives the environment the same legal protection that other provisions of the state constitution give to individual property rights. The Amendment, when balanced by provisions protecting property rights, is thus not anti-development. Rather, it is directed toward environmentally sustainable development.Third, Article I, Section 27 needs to be understood primarily on the basis of governmental responsibilities. While citizen rights are an essential part of the Amendment, such rights should be directed primarily at enforcement of the government's duties.Finally, when legislation or administrative regulation provides as much protection as Article I, Section 27, or even more protection, there is no need for judicial enforcement of the Amendment. Where legal gaps exist, however, courts should enforce the substantive rules contained in the Amendment. Courts should also use Article I, Section 27 to support the application of other legal rules. These four premises create a framework for understanding the environmental rights and public trust parts of the Amendment, which are discussed in detail in Part II of this Article.
Insulin-regulated glucose uptake in rat adipocytes is mediated by two transporter isoforms present in at least two vesicle populations.

We have recently described a monoclonal antibody (1F8) that recognizes a form of glucose transporter unique to fat and muscle (James, D. E., Brown, R., Navarro, J., and Pilch, P. F. (1988) Nature 333, 183–185), tissues that respond acutely to insulin by markedly increasing their glucose uptake. Here, we report that rat adipocytes possess two immunologically distinct glucose-transporters: one recognized by 1F8, and one reactive with antibodies raised against the human erythrocyte glucose transporter. Immunoadsorption experiments indicate that these glucose transporters reside in different vesicle populations and that both transporter isoforms translocate from intracellular sites to the plasma membrane in response to insulin. The insulin-regulatable transporter resides in a unique vesicle that comprises 3% or less of the low density microsomes of fat cells and has a limited protein composition that does not include the bulk of another translocatable protein, the insulin-like growth factor II receptor. Immunoprecipitation with 1F8 of microsomal glucose transporters photoaffinity labeled with [3H]cytochalasin B brings down 90% of the label. Similarly, immunoprecipitation with 1F8 of glucose transporters from insulin-stimulated plasma membranes photolabeled with 3-[125I]iodo-4-azidophenethylam-ido-7-O-succinyldeacetyl-forskolin, another transporter-selective reagent, results in 75% of the labeled transporter localized in the immunoprecipitate. Thus, insulin action involves the combined effect of translocation from at least two vesicle pools each containing different glucose transporters. The 1F8-reactive transporter comprises the majority of the total transporter pool that is responsible for the insulin-induced increase in glucose transporter number.
The Risk-Return Attributes of International Real Estate Equities

This paper examines the risk and return attributes of international real estate equities over the 1980-1988 time period. The empirical results indicate that international real estate equities offer...
Carbohydrate pyrolysis: I. A continuous mass spectrometric method for the analysis of the resulting gaseous mixture

Abstract A rapid method has been developed for the analysis of the continuous gaseous streams evolved during the pyrolysis of carbohydrates in a thermogravimetric instrument. The stream was regularly sampled by a mass spectrometer, and the composition was determined by a special computer program which not only evaluated each scan separately, but also correlated the scans with each other to determine the rate of formation of various compounds. This is an important tool to determine the reaction pathways during pyrolysis. The pathways must be known if we want to manipulate the reactions, so that the formation of a desired product can be maximized in the resulting complex mixture.
The Treatment of Substance Use Disorders in Ukraine

This article examines the prevalence and consequences of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use in Ukraine, and the counseling modalities and resources that are available to address the issue. The authors consider the need for a suitable service initiative involving intensive outpatient AOD counseling, focusing on the North American Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP; Wise, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 73, 405–410, 2003b) as well as the likely challenges and solutions to implementing such a model.
On Complementation of Boolean Functions

A theorem is presented that simplifies the computations necessary for complementing a Boolean function.