cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Meeting midway: improving CMP performance with memory-side prefetching

Both on-chip resource contention and off-chip latencies have a significant impact on memory requests in large-scale chip multiprocessors. We propose a memory-side prefetcher, which brings data on-chip from DRAM, but does not proactively further push this data to the cores/caches. Sitting close to memory, it avails close knowledge of DRAM state and memory channels to leverage DRAM row buffer locality and channel state to bring data (from the current row buffer) on-chip ahead of need. This not only reduces the number of off-chip accesses for demand requests, but also reduces row buffer conflicts, effectively improving DRAM access times. At the same time, our prefetcher maintains this data in a small buffer at each memory controller instead of pushing it into the caches to avoid on-chip resource contention. We show that the proposed memory-side prefetcher outperforms a state-of-the-art core-side prefetcher and an existing memory-side prefetcher. More importantly, our prefetcher can also work in tandem with the core-side prefetcher to amplify the benefits. Using a wide range of multiprogrammed and multi-threaded workloads, we show that this memory-side prefetcher provides IPC improvements of 6.2% (maximum of 33.6%), and 10% (maximum of 49.6%), on an average when running alone and when combined with a core-side prefetcher, respectively. By meeting requests midway, our solution reduces the off-chip latencies while avoiding the on-chip resource contention caused by inaccurate and ill-timed prefetches.
Morphological and electrophoretic identification of a hybrid cyprinid fish, Notropis cerasinus x Notropis c. cornutus, with implications on the evolution of Notropis albeolus.

Abstract Twelve hybrids and 41 specimens of the parental species were collected from a tributary of the James River, VA, U.S.A. 1. 2. Hybrids were intermediate between the parental species for counts of anterior dorso-lateral and circumferential scales. Several blood protein characters resolved by electrophoresis (plasma esterases, pre-albumin, transferrin and hemoglobin) showed both parental characteristics in the hybrids. 2. 3. N. cornutus specimens deviated from normal morphological and electrophoretic conditions for the species, and in a fashion indicating introgression from N. cerasinus. This supports the hypothesis that N. albeolus arose from N. cornutus stock influenced by genetic and ecological interactions with N. cerasinus.
Ontogenic and glucocorticoid‐accelerated expression of rat 14 kDa bile acid‐binding protein

Background: A 14 kDa protein is a major rat ileal cytosolic bile acid-binding protein (14 kDa I-BABP). This report describes the nor- mal and glucocorticoid-accelerated postnatal expression of 14 kDa I-BABP. Methods: 14 kDa I-BABP and its mRNA were detected by antiserum and antisense cRNA probe, respectively, in ileum and ovary from 7-, 14-, 21-, 28-, and 35-day-old rats. Results: A positive histochemical reaction with 14 kDa I-BABP antiserum was found in cytosol of ileal enterocytes and ovarian luteal cells at 21 and 35 days of age, respectively. Likewise, Northern blot analysis indicated that the cRNA probe hybridized to a single transcript of 500 bp in total cellular RNA prepared from the ileum of 21-day-old and ovary of 35-day-old rats. Corticosteroid treatment resulted in a histochemical reaction in ileum of 14-day-old animals as compared to the appearance of this reaction in 21- day-old control littermates. Similarly, Northern blot analysis detected the earlier appearance of mRNA levels in corticosteroid-treated animals (11 days vs. 17 days in control animals). Conclusions: 14 kDa I-BABP and its mRNA are normally expressed in rat ileum at 17 days of postnatal life. 14 kDa I-BABP is expressed considerably later in rat ovary. Corticosteroid treatment results in precocious expres- sion of ileal 14 kDa I-BABP.
Changes in pools of acid-soluble phosphorus compounds induced by phosphorus starvation in Neurospora

Genetic studies suggest that the so-called “phosphorus-family of enzymes inN. crassa are controlled by a complex system of regulatory genes which are responsive to the level of phosphorus in the growth medium. The intracellular metabolite(s) that interact with this system to signal changes in the external phosphorus concentration has not been identified. In this study the pools of acid-soluble, phosphorus-containing, compounds are measured in wild-type and “phosphorus-family” enzyme regulatory mutant strains ofN. crassa before and during phosphorus starvation.
Broadly tunable 30-fs pulses produced by optical parametric amplification

Broadly tunable 30-fs pulses have been generated by parametric amplification of a white-light continuum at kilohertz repetition rates.
Unusual Endocarditis: “Rare Bug, Rare Site”

A 27-year-old man was diagnosed with infective endocarditis due to Streptococcus agalactiae. Large vegetations were seen on the anterior mitral valve leaflet and also on the right ventricular side of a membranous ventricular septal defect. Streptococcus agalactiae is a rare cause of endocarditis, and it is very rare to find large vegetations around ventricular septal defect. The authors present this interesting case of unusual endocarditis with vegetations in both the right and left heart. This case is the first reported case of infective endocarditis involving the left and the right sides of the heart at the same time in a nonintravenous drug user.
Lobular carcinoma in situ/atypical lobular hyperplasia on breast needle biopsies: does it warrant surgical excisional biopsy? A study of 27 cases

Abstract Lobular neoplasia including lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) may be identified in breast core needle biopsies as incidental findings or associated with microcalcifications. There are no general consensus guidelines for follow-up management in patients when lobular neoplasia is the only abnormal finding on core needle biopsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience in the follow-up of these patients. A total of 3163 breast core needle biopsies were retrieved from the surgical pathology files between 2003 and 2009; among them, 56 (1.8%) cases were identified with a diagnosis of ALH or LCIS. Eleven cases were excluded because of the presence of a concurrent more severe lesion in the biopsies that mandated excision. The remaining 45 cases contained only ALH or LCIS and otherwise benign breast tissue; 27 had surgical excision follow-up. In the surgical excision specimens, 5 (19%) of 27 cases showed more severe lesions or were “upgraded” (3 invasive ductal carcinomas, 1 invasive lobular carcinoma, and 1 ductal carcinoma in situ). Histologic features of the lobular neoplasia on the cores, including association with microcalcifications, pagetoid involvement of ducts, and extensive lobular involvement, were retrospectively evaluated. These histologic features were found to have no predictive value for a more severe lesion in the subsequent excision. We suggest that patients with LCIS/ALH on core needle biopsy should be considered for surgical excision to rule out a more significant lesion regardless of the histologic features.
Host-parasite hormonal relationships: A common theme?

Hormones are the primary regulators of animal growth and development. Cell differentiation, commitment, and metabolism are all programmed by hormonal cues. These chemical messengers may be produced at distant sites in endocrine glands or in adjacent cells as growth factors. At the organismal level, extensive endocrine control is involved in regulation of growth, sexual differentiation, metamorphosis, reproduction, and behavior. Many of these processes are affected by parasitism in both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, suggesting that endocrine modifications are commonly induced (Beckage 1985, 1990; Lawrence 1986; Thompson 1983, 1990; Hurd 1990). A “successful” parasite must be welladapted to its host’s physiological environment and complete its life cycle without causing premature host death, and simultaneous termination of the parasite’s development. Finely tuned hormonal interactions form a dynamic communication network linking the two partners and synchronizing their development. For example, many parasites show a response to host hormonal signals, or significantly alter its hormonal physiology by modifying the rates of endogenous hormone biosynthesis, degradation, or binding to target receptors. Such changes may be mediated by factors associated with, or produced by, internal parasites. Nutritional stress and depletion of the precursors required for the normal biosynthetic or degradative pathways may also invoke changes in hormonal physiology, as even partial starvation frequently causes endocrine and metabolic changes. Parasite success frequently is enhanced in the endocrine-modified host, which thus may be considered an “extended phenotype” of the parasite (Dawkins 1982; Thompson 1990). Host hormones likewise may directly or indirectly affect developing parasites. Male mammals usually suffer more intensely from parasitism compared to females (Zuk 1990), and multiple sex-related differences in hormones that influence immunity contribute to the male’s enhanced susceptibility to parasites (Solomon 1969; Swanson et al. 1984; Bundy 1988; Alexander and Stimson 1988). Host hormones may also exert a direct influence on parasite differentiative processes, with the parasite exhibiting a developmental or behavioral response to host hormonal cues. Parasitic invaders also secrete hormonally active molecules that bind to complementary receptors on host cells. This type of hormonal mimicry is perhaps most dramatically illustrated by the secretion of mammalian growth hormone (GH)-like peptides by plerocercoid stages of tapeworm parasites; these parasite-secreted molecules interact with mammalian GH receptors and elicit effects on the host’s
Electronic structure of polysilole and related compounds

The electronic structures, in the optimized geometries, of polysilacyclopentadiene (polysilole), polygermacyclopentadiene, and silole-thiophene alternating copolymer, have been studied theoretically using the one-dimensional tight-binding self-consistent field crystal orbital (SCF-CO) method. It has been found that the band gap values of these polymers are slightly smaller than those of the ordinary five-membered polyheterocycles such as polythiophene. The larger σ-polarized nature between the Group IV atom and the carbon atom might be expected to exhibit a different behaviour, compared with polythiophene, when they are doped with ann-type dopant.
Electron-phonon interaction near Van Hove singularities.

The Eliashberg equations are solved in two dimensions for the transition temperature of a superconductor. The density of states has a logarithmic singularity. We show that the singularity in the density of states has only a small influence on the numerical solutions to the Eliashberg equations, apart from its contributions to the electron-phonon interaction \ensuremath{\lambda}. We also consider the effects of the angular dependence of the gap around the Fermi line which occur for s-wave pairing.
Event-related oscillations to affective stimuli: heritability, linkage and relationship to externalizing disorders

Abstract Event-related oscillations (EROs) are heritable electrophysiological measures associated with cognitive activity and have been shown to be particularly informative for the genetic analysis of substance dependence and other psychiatric disorders. In the present study associations between the cortical event-related oscillations (EROs) elicited by affective stimuli, and the diagnosis of ASPD or CD (ASPD/CD) were investigated, and heritability and linkage analyses conducted in 662 individuals residing in an American Indian community. Results from this study found that participants with ASPD/CD showed increased alpha ERO energy in centro-parietal leads in the 0–250 ms time window in response to all three emotional expressions (sad, neutral and happy faces). Participants with ASPD/CD also showed increased alpha ERO energy in centro-parietal leads in the 400–700 ms time window in response to happy and neutral faces. Variance components analysis suggested a significant familial component to each of the described ERO phenotypes. Although a follow-up genome-wide linkage analysis failed to detect significant evidence of genetic linkage for any of these phenotypes, centro-parietal alpha energy in response to happy faces showed suggestive evidence of linkage to chromosome 1p36.31 (LOD = 2.40), in an area found in previous studies to be associated with externalizing phenotypes. Findings from this study suggest greater activation of neural circuits required to perform a facial recognition task in participants with ASPD/CD. The observed increase in alpha ERO energy may represent a heritable endophenotype associated with select externalizing disorders in this population.
Association between persistence of pneumococcal meningitis and dexamethasone administration

Antibiotic Agents and Chemotherapy, New Orleans, September 22-24, 1980. 9. Schaad UB, McCracken GH Jr, Loock CA, and Thomas ML: Pharmacokinetics and bacteriologic efficacy of moxalactam, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, and rocephin (ceftriaxone) in experimental bacterial meningitis, J Infect Dis 143:156, 1981. 10. Berg B, Franklin G. Cunes R, Boldray E, and Strimliug B: 11. Nonsurgical cure of brain abscess: Early diagnosis and follow-up with computerized tomography, Ann Neurol 3:474, 1978. Baker C J, Kasper DL, Tager IB, Parades A, Alport S, McCormack WM, and Goroff D: Quantitative determina. tion of antibody to capsular polysaccharide in infection with type Ill strains of group B streptococcus, J Clin Invest 59:810, 1977.
A cytosolic domain of the yeast Zrt1 zinc transporter is required for its post-translational inactivation in response to zinc and cadmium.

Nutrient metals such as zinc are both essential to life and potentially toxic if overaccumulated by cells. Non-essential toxic metals like cadmium can enter cells through the uptake transporters responsible for nutrient metal acquisition. Therefore, in the face of ever changing extracellular metal levels, organisms tightly control their intracellular levels of nutrient metals and prevent accumulation of toxic metals. We show here that post-translational inactivation of the yeast Zrt1 zinc uptake transporter is important for zinc homeostasis. During the transition from zinc-limiting to zinc-replete growth conditions (i.e. zinc shock), the Zrt1 transporter is ubiquitinated, endocytosed, and subsequently degraded in the vacuole. To further understand this process at a molecular level, we mapped a region of Zrt1 required for ubiquitination and endocytosis in response to zinc to a domain located on the intracellular surface of the plasma membrane. This domain is a critical cisacting component of the metal signaling pathway that controls Zrt1 protein trafficking. Using mutant alleles defective for metal-responsive inactivation, we also show that Zrt1 inactivation may be an important mechanism for preventing cadmium uptake and toxicity in zinc-limited cells.
Spinodal decomposition in amorphous systems

Abstract The theory of spinodal decomposition in amorphous systems is extended to include the effect of internal stress due to coherency strain. A quantitative treatment is developed for the kinetics of internal stress relaxation via plastic deformation. The general solution for the evolution of the composition and internal stress distributions during the early stage of spinodal decomposition is derived for a system obeying the visco-elastic constitutive relations of a Maxwell solid. A kinetic equation for the structure factor is obtained for the limiting case in which coherency strain is relatively large. In this case, it is found that plastic deformation to relieve internal stress can become the rate-limiting step in the evolution of Fourier components having large wavenumbers. The predicted shape of the structure factor as a function of wavenumber, time, and temperature can be very different from that obtained when the kinetics of internal stress relaxation are neglected. The theory is expected to be particularly applicable to amorphous systems in which the species of interest have very different mobilities, and can explain the discrepancies found in previous analyses of scattering data for the lead-aluminum-borate system and alkali-silicate systems.
Termite (Apicotermes) Nests-Important Ethological Material

The subterranean nests of the African genus of termites, Apicotermes, present unique material for the study of the evolution of behavior. The nests are species-specific and show phylogenetic relationships much more clearly than do the morphological characteristics of the termites building them. Unusually complete phylogenetic series are found. The phylogeny of Apicotermes, although based largely upon nest characteristics, is also corroborated by taxonomic, zoogeographical, and ecological data. The evolution of nest-building behavior in Apicotermes illustrates particularly well several similarities to the evolution of structural characteristics. Circular galleries seem to have evolved independently four times within the genus. Wall perforations, the most characteristic feature of the genus, seem to have the function of permitting gas exchange across the nest wall. The circular galleries apparently serve to protect these perforations (probably from ground water). The nest of one species has lost the wall perforations through regressive evolution, while the nest of another species seems to be at an earlier stage of this regression. The ontogeny of galleries seems to recapitulate the evolutionary stages of this structure. The nest-building behavior of termites is instinctive, or innate. Behavioral characteristics evolve by the same processess as do structural characteristics.
Photochemical rearrangement of 5,5-diaryl-2,5-dihydrofurans

Abstract Direct irradiation of 5,5-diaryl-2,5-dihydrofurans results in a di-π-methane rearrangement to give 3-penten-1-one derivatives. Triplet sensitization leads to the formation of a 2-oxyabicyclo[2.1.0]pentane which is extremely sensitive to heat and oxygen.
Moods that predict coming migraine headaches

The relationship between mood change and migraine headache has often been reported anecdotally, but these observations have not been followed up empirically. In this study 17 migraine sufferers recorded headache occurrence and intensity using 10 mood indicators 3 times daily for periods ranging from 21 to 75 days. Headaches were correlated with mood states during the headache and for periods ranging from 12 to 36 h prior to the headache. Feelings of constraint and fatigue produced the highest correlations with headaches. The ability to predict migraine episodes from mood changes offers possibilities for controlling headaches and lessening their impact on patients' lives.
Racial and gender differences in N-acetyltransferase, xanthine oxidase, and CYP1A2 activities.

Background The urinary molar concentration ratios of several caffeine metabolites are indicators of specific drug metabolizing enzyme activities. The ratios of 5-acetyl-amino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil (AFMU) to 1-methylxanthine (1X), AFMU to 1X plus 1-methyluric acid (1U), and AFMU to 1X + 1U + AFMU are indicative of N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity; the ratios of 1U to 1X and 1U to 1U + 1X indicate xanthine oxidase activity; and the ratio of the sum of 7-demethylated metabolites (AFMU + 1X + 1U) to the precursor for all three compounds, paraxanthine (PX), is a putative indicator of CYP1A2 oxidative activity. Our objective was to discern whether there are race-, gender-, and age-related differences in these indexes of drug-metabolizing activity. Methods In 342 normal healthy unrelated subjects, metabolites were measured in urine collected after administration of low-dose caffeine. Results By two-way analysis of variance, NAT activity was higher in black subjects than in white subjects when assessed as AFMU/(1U + 1X) or as AFMU/(AFMU + 1U + 1X) (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively), but less so by use of AFMU/1X (p = 0.08). Xanthine oxidase activity, as assessed by 1U/1X or as 1U/(1U + IX), was lower in black subjects than in white subjects (p = 0.02 and/> = 0.001, respectively) and was lower in males than in females (p = 0.001 for both ratios). Females had higher AFMU/1X ratios (p = 0.03) because of higher xanthine oxidase activity. In a model in which AFMU/1X was the dependent variable and race, sex, age, and an index of xanthine oxidase (1U/1X) were independent variables, only race and 1U/1X were significant determinants of this NAT index (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001, respectively). The CYP1A2 ratio was lower in black subjects (p = 0.036) and in females (p = 0.015). Conclusion Racial and gender differences in xanthine oxidase activity render the AFMU/1X ratio less reliable as an assessment of NAT activity in a heterogeneous population compared with the AFMU/(1U + 1X) or AFMU/(AFMU + 1U + 1X) ratios. The observed racial and gender differences in NAT, xanthine oxidase, and CYP1A2 activities may have implications for racial and gender differences in drug effects and carcinogen biotransformation. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1992) 52, 643–658; doi:10.1038/clpt.1992.203
Sexual behaviors of physically disabled adolescents in the United States.

Abstract Purpose: To examine differences in some aspects of sexual behavior between physically disabled and nondisabled adolescents in the United States. Methods: The 1994–1995 Wave I data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a stratified, multistage cluster, school-based sample of 7th to 12th graders, were used. Physical disabilities were measured in terms of functional limitation and activity restriction. A total of 1153 adolescents were identified as physically disabled, mainly with limb difficulties. We studied their exposure on school sex education, contraceptive knowledge, sex attitudes, and popularity. Their experiences in romantic attraction and sex were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression methods, controlling for age, pubertal development, and other sociodemographic variables. Results: Although disabled adolescents are slower in pubertal development and more socially isolated, they are as sexually experienced as their nondisabled counterparts. Their exposure to school sex education is largely similar to that of the nondisabled, yet disabled boys are somewhat less knowledgeable about birth control. Severely disabled boys who are sexually active are popular among their same-sex peers, much like nondisabled boys. Although disabled adolescents are as sexually experienced, severely disabled boys and girls have less opposite-sex romantic attraction and are less sure about their sexual preference. Adolescents with mild disabilities have a higher tendency for same-sex attraction than do the nondisabled. Adolescent girls with physical disabilities consistently have higher odds of experiencing forced sex. Conclusions: Physically disabled adolescents' sexual development and their specific needs for sex education and guidance should not be overlooked. More attention should be paid to protect physically disabled girls from sexual abuses and exploitations.
Projectile-z3 and -z4 corrections to basic Bethe-Bloch stopping power theory and mean excitation energies of Al, Si, Ni, Ge, Se, Y, Ag and Au

Abstract Three independent sets of measurements of the stopping power of solid elemental targets for alpha particles were previously analyzed in terms of basic Bethe-Bloch theory with the low velocity projectile- z 3 correction term included. These data for Al, Si, Ni, Ge, Se, Y, Ag and Au have now been analyzed with the Bloch projectile- z 4 term and a revised projectile- z 3 term incorporated in the Bethe-Bloch formula, the projectile- z 3 revision having been effected by variation of the single free parameter of the projectile- z 3 effect formalism. The value of this parameter, fixed at 1.8 in previous studies, which counteracts inclusion of the projectile- z 4 term is 1.3 ± 0.1 for all target elements except Si.
Calculating the Galois Group of Y'===AY+++B,Y'===AY Completely Reducible

We consider a special case of the problem of computing the Galois group of a system of linear ordinary differential equations Y?=MY, M?C (x)n×n. We assume that C is a computable, characteristic-zero, algebraically closed constant field with a factorization algorithm. There exists a decision procedure, due to Compoint and Singer, to compute the group in case the system is completely reducible. Berman and Singer (1999, J. Pure Appl. Algebr., 139, 3?23) address the case in which M= yjsco5390x.gif M 1 * 0 M 2 ], Y?=MiY completely reducible for i= 1, 2. Their article shows how to reduce that case to the case of an inhomogeneous system Y?=AY+B, A?C (x)n×n, B?C (x)n, Y?=AY completely reducible. Their article further presents a decision procedure to reduce this inhomogeneous case to the case of the associated homogeneous system Y?=AY. The latter reduction involves using a cyclic-vector algorithm to find an equivalent inhomogeneous scalar equation L(y) =b,L?C(x) D ], b?C (x), then computing a certain set of factorizations of L in C(x)D ]; this set is very large and difficult to compute in general. In this article, we give a new and more efficient algorithm to reduce the case of a system Y?=AY+B,Y?=AY completely reducible, to that of the associated homogeneous systemY?=AY. The new method?s improved efficiency comes from replacing the large set of factorizations required by the Berman?Singer method with a single block-diagonal decomposition of the coefficient matrix satisfying certain properties.
Experimental design constraints on carcinogenic potency estimates

The multistage model is used by U.S. regulatory agencies to calculate estimates of the carcinogenic potency (s) of chemicals; the data for these estimates are generally obtained from chronic rodent bioassays. Three quantities characterize each group tested in the chronic bioassay: the dose level, the sample size, and the number responding to the dose. The dose levels tested are fixed by conventional protocols; the typical National Toxicology Program (NTP) experimental design calls for use of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), one‐half and one‐fourth MTD, plus a control group. Only rarely are doses even one order of magnitude less than the MTD utilized in chronic bioassays. This experimental design constraint on dose selection limits the possible values of s that can arise from multistage model analyses of chronic bioassay data. Sample size is also constrained by the experimental design of the chronic bioassay; the typical sample size in NTP studies is 50 animals. Occasionally, fewer animals are used, but o...
A Serine/Arginine-rich Domain in the Human U1 70k Protein Is Necessary and Sufficient for ASF/SF2 Binding

Critical protein-protein interactions among pre-mRNA splicing factors determine splicing efficiency and specificity. The serine/arginine proteins, a family of factors characterized by the presence of an RNA recognition motif and an arginine/serine domain, are essential for constitutive splicing and required for some alternative splicing decisions. ASF/SF2, SC35, and other members of the serine/arginine family, interact with the 70k protein of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. The binding of this protein with ASF/SF2 is thought to enhance recognition of the 5′ splice site of pre-mRNAs by the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. It has been clearly documented that the arginine/serine domain of ASF/SF2 is responsible for binding to the U1 70k protein. In this manuscript we characterize the segment in the human U1 70k protein that is both necessary and sufficient for ASF/SF2 binding. A domain within this segment, which begins with Arg240 and ends with Asp270, was shown to bind specifically to the arginine/serine domain of ASF/SF2 using a yeast two-hybrid system and a far Western assay. Mutational analysis of this segment suggested that several arginines are critical for the interaction with ASF/SF2 and for phosphorylation by SRPK1. Inspection of the sequence of the Arg248 to Asp270 region suggested this as an arginine/serine-like domain in U1 70k protein, and the data presented in this manuscript strongly support this view. Inspection of the human U1 70k protein sequence, comparison with homologues in other animal species, and mutational analysis indicated the importance of the sequence Arg-Arg-Arg-Ser-Arg-Ser-Arg-Asp, which is found repeated twice in the region from Arg248 to Asp270 in the human protein.
Strongly correlated barriers to rotation from parametric two-electron reduced-density-matrix methods in application to the isomerization of diazene.

Recently, parameterization of the two-electron reduced density matrix (2-RDM) has made possible the determination of electronic energies with greater accuracy and lower cost than traditional electron-pair theories including coupled cluster with single and double excitations [D. A. Mazziotti, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 253002 (2008)]. We examine the method's performance for strongly correlated barriers to rotation; in particular, we study two distinct pathways in the isomerization of diazene (N2H2) from cis to trans: (i) a strongly correlated rotational pathway and (ii) a moderately correlated inversion pathway. While single reference wavefunction methods predict that the rotational barrier is higher than the inversional barrier, the parametric 2-RDM method predicts that the rotational barrier is lower than the inversional barrier by 3.1 kcal/mol in the extrapolated basis set limit. The parametric 2-RDM results are in agreement with those from multireference methods including multireference perturbation theory and the solution to the anti-Hermitian contracted Schrodinger equation. We report energies, optimized structures, and natural orbital occupation numbers for three diazene minima and two transition states.
The perception of temporally segmented vowels and consonant-vowel syllables.

The minimum initial-portion durations required by listeners for the correct identification of spoken isolated vowels and consonant-vowel (CV) syllables were determined. Eight vowels /i i u u ae e a ...
Effect of Vinyl Content on Self-Diffusion in Polybutadiene Melts

Diffusion coefficients, D, have been measured at five temperatures for melts of 14 samples of polybutadiene with varying vinyl content, fv, covering a broad range. Seven of the samples have a molecular weight, M, near 1300, and the other seven have M near 3400. The experiments show that D tends to decrease with increasing fv. This trend in the experiments can be rationalized by two seemingly different approaches. One successful approach utilizes free volume theory. The other successful approach is a Monte Carlo simulation that employs different jump rates for beads representing the two types of butadiene units. The two methods may not be as different as they appear initially, because they both incorporate, directly or indirectly, the fact that the glass transition temperature moves closer to the temperature used for measurement of D as fv increases.
Interactions of agonists with D-2 dopamine receptors: Evidence for a single receptor population existing in multiple agonist affinity-states in rat striatal membranes

Abstract Several lines of evidence previously indicated that [ 3 H]spiroperidol (SPIRO) or [ 3 H]domperidone (DOMP) might label heterogenous populations of striatal dopamine receptors in radioligand binding studies. We have examined this possibility in rat striatum using computerized non-linear curve fitting and a method to block the unwanted [ 3 H]SPIRO binding to S-2 serotonergic receptors. In the absence of a serotonergic antagonist, [ 3 H]SPIRO saturation data produce curved Scatchard plots which are best computer fit by assuming the presence of two sites of different [ 3 H]SPIRO affinities. In the presence of appropriate concentrations of ketanserin to block S-2 serotonergic binding, Scatchard plots are linear, with data modeling best to a single population of homogenous binding sites. The D-2 dopamine receptor B max and [ 3 H]SPIRO K D determined in this fashion are indistinguishable from that obtained for the higher affinity binding site by computer analysis of data obtained in the absence of ketanserin. [ 3 H]DOMP produced indistinguishable values for D-2 receptor B max as well. Competitions by (-)sulpiride, metoclopramide, and DOMP for [ 3 H]SPIRO binding sites in the presence of ketanserin are steep (Hill slope approximately 1), demonstrating that the previously observed heterogeneity of these sites is due entirely to serotonergic [ 3 H]SPIRO binding. In contrast, agonist/ 3 H-antagonist competition curves in the presence of ketanserin are best computer fit by assuming two independent receptor sites of high ( R H ) and low ( R L ) agonist affinity. With the addition of 5′-guanylylimidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p] computer analyses of agonist/ 3 H-antagonist competition curves show an increased ratio R L R H concomitant with apparent decreases in agonist affinities for both sites. Under some conditions, some agonist/ 3 H-antagonist competition curves are best fit by a single site model in which agonist affinity is indistinguishable from the agonist's affinity at R L determined in the absence of Gpp(NH)p. These data are consistent with the presence of a single dopaminergic 3 H-butyrophenone binding site, representing the D-2 receptor, which exists in two interconverting states differing in agonist affinity.
Resonance-enhanced x-rays in thin films: a structure probe for membranes and surface layers

An x-ray resonance effect in an organic thin film on an x-ray reflecting mirror is reported. The resonance effect is the result of interference between reflected and refracted x-rays at the air-organic thin film interface and occurs at incident angles slightly above the critical angle of the film. In excellent agreement with theory, the primary resonant x-ray electric field that is confined in the organic thin film is approximately 20 times as intense as the electric field of the incident beam when measured at a position close to the center of the film. Resonance-enhanced x-rays can be used to characterize the internal structure of Langmuir-Blodgett thin film membranes. This effect may also find use in x-ray-based thin film devices and in the structural analysis of adlayers and surfaces that have thus far proved difficult, if not impossible, to study because of sensitivity limitations.
Genetic polymorphisms in RNA binding proteins contribute to breast cancer survival

The RNA-binding proteins TTP and HuR control expression of numerous genes associated with breast cancer pathogenesis by regulating mRNA stability. However, the role of genetic variation in TTP (ZFP36) and HuR (ELAVL1) genes is unknown in breast cancer prognosis. A total of 251 breast cancer patients (170 Caucasians and 81 African-Americans) were enrolled and followed up from 2001 to 2011 (or until death). Genotyping was performed for 10 SNPs in ZFP36 and 7 in ELAVL1 genes. On comparing both races with one another, significant differences were found for clinical and genetic variables. The influence of genetic polymorphisms on survival was analyzed by using Cox-regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test. Univariate (Kaplan-Meier/Cox-regression) and multivariate (Cox-regression) analysis showed that the TTP gene polymorphism ZFP36*2 A > G was significantly associated with poor prognosis of Caucasian patients (HR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.09-3.76; p = 0.025; log-rank p = 0.022). None of the haplotypes, but presence of more than six risk genotypes in Caucasian patients, was significantly associated with poor prognosis (HR=2.42; 95% CI = 1.17-4.99; p = 0.017; log-rank p = 0.007). The effect of ZFP36*2 A > G on gene expression was evaluated from patients' tissue samples. Both TTP mRNA and protein expression was significantly decreased in ZFP36*2 G allele carriers compared to A allele homozygotes. Conversely, upregulation of the TTP-target gene COX-2 was observed ZFP36*2 G allele carriers. Through its ability to attenuate TTP gene expression, the ZFP36*2 A > G gene polymorphism has appeared as a novel prognostic breast cancer marker in Caucasian patients.
Partial conservation of axial-vector current and nuclear beta decay

The disagreement pointed out by Armstrong and Kim between the elementary particle approach and the impulse-approximation predictions for $\ensuremath{\Delta}{J}^{P}={0}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ nuclear $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay is examined from the point of view of the axial current operator. Naive theoretical predictions are found to be in disagreement with present data.[RADIOACTIVITY Discuss PCAC in $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay; calculated spectra for ${0}^{+}$-${0}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ transition.]
Sole Practitioner: Self‐Employed or Contingent Worker? Investigating Worker Misclassification and Its Implications to Commercial Interior Design

ISSUE: Sole practitioners in the area of contract design can be subject to compromise in their employer relationships. Designers who do not take stands against improper and illegal employer demands jeopardize their self-employed status and may become exploited workers. The employing firm, in turn, puts itself at risk with an IRS audit of worker classification. GOAL: Abuse of worker classification is recognized to be a general practice in many fields and professions nationwide. The goal was to examine this accommodative and destructive work pattern. APPLICATION: Forfeiture through cooperation of the self-employed status has detrimental personal and financial results for the individual, creates adverse federal tax and employment benefit effects for both participants, denies self-employment, denigrates the interior design profession, and erodes all workers' rights. DESCRIPTION: Revelation of employment practices common in other industries and professions and knowledge of federal law provide a basis of understanding that can stop such illegal work behavior. CONCLUSION: Industry acknowledgment of the exploitation will go a long way toward correction. However, sole practitioners themselves must reject employer requests to misrepresent their employment status. Federal enforcement of the law is helping, but professional associations, industry leaders, and design educators need to become strong advocates for conducting business the right way.
Mixed Polyanion Glass Cathodes: Iron Phosphate Vanadate Glasses

Mixed polyanion (MP) glasses have been investigated for use as cathodes in lithium ion batteries. MP glass cathodes are similar in composition to theoretically promising crystalline polyanionic (CP) cathodes (e.g., lithium cobalt phosphate, lithium manganese silicate), but with proper polyanion substitution, they can be designed to overcome the key shortcomings of CP cathodes, such as poor electrical conductivity and irreversible phase changes. Iron phosphate/vanadate glasses were chosen as a first demonstration of the MP glass concept. Polyanion substitution with vanadate was shown to improve the intercalation capacity of an iron phosphate glass from almost zero to full theoretical capacity. In addition, the MP glass cathodes also exhibited an unexpected second high-capacity electrochemical reaction. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) of cathodes from cells having different states of charge suggested that this second electrochemical reaction is a glass-state conversion reaction. With a first demonstration established, MP glass materials utilizing an intercalation and/or glass-state conversion reaction are promising candidates for future high-energy cathode research.
Lightweight monitoring of MPI programs in real time

Current technologies allow efficient data collection by several sensors to determine an overall evaluation of the status of a cluster. However, no previous work of which we are aware analyzes the behavior of the parallel programs themselves in real time. In this paper, we perform a comparison of different artificial intelligence techniques that can be used to implement a lightweight monitoring and analysis system for parallel applications on a cluster of Linux workstations. We study the accuracy and performance of deterministic and stochastic algorithms when we observe the flow of both library-function and operating-system calls of parallel programs written with C and MPI. We demonstrate that monitoring of MPI programs can be achieved with high accuracy and in some cases with a false-positive rate near 0% in real time, and we show that the added computational load on each node is small. As an example, the monitoring of function calls using a hidden Markov model generates less than 5% overhead. The proposed system is able to automatically detect deviations of a process from its expected behavior in any node of the cluster, and thus it can be used as an anomaly detector, for performance monitoring to complement other systems or as a debugging tool. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energizing the U.S.‐Japan security partnership

The U.S.‐Japan alliance does not get the attention or the recognition it deserves. Important changes in the regional security environment suggest a more activist approach is in order. It is time to stop taking the alliance for granted.
Theoretical modeling on luminescent down-shifting process: A Discussion on luminescent molecule design

A model was developed to describe the luminescent down-shifting (LDS) process in photovoltaic application. The model links the J sc enhancement (J LDS %) of the solar cell to the photophysical properties including absorption (λ abs ) and emission (λ em ) wavelengths, Stokes shift (Δλ) and spectral cutting point (λ SCP ), as well as fluorescence quantum yield (Φ f ), of the luminescent molecules. It suggests that Φ f is a more crucial parameter than λ abs and λ em . It also suggests that λ SCP is a better parameter than Δλ on describing J LDS %. The model is tested with luminescent molecules and the results are consistent with the experimental results.
The effect of atomic hyperfine quadrupole interactions on the polarization of recoil nuclei

Abstract The effect of atomic hyperfine quadropole interactions on the polarization of recoil nuclei in a magnetic field is calculated. A dependence on the sign of the nuclear quadropole moment and on the relative direction of the magnetic field is found. Experiments are proposed to use this effect for measuring nuclear electric quadropole couplings of β-radioactive nuclei.
Productivity shocks, non-traded goods and optimal capital accumulation

This paper considers the interaction of saving and investment in determining the current account for a small open economy subjected to productivity shocks. By emphasizing the distinction between traded and non-traded goods, the analysis highlights the crucial role of the real exchange rate in macroeconomic adjustment. Our results demonstrate the importance of intertemporal substitution for determining the response of investment to anticipated productivity disturbances. We also show how the correlation of movements in saving and investment following an anticipated disturbance depends critically on relative sectoral factor intensities.
A Major Public Health Issue: The High Incidence of Falls During Pregnancy

The objectives of this population based cohort study of 3997 women was to determine the incidence of falling and risk factors related to falls during pregnancy. Birth certificate data identified women who had delivered a child within the previous 2 months. Subjects were reached either by phone, internet or mailed surveys. The women were asked about health issues and activities at the time of the fall. Of the 3997 participants, 1070 reported falling at least once (27%) during their pregnancy. Of those 1070 35% fell two or more times, 20% sought medical care and 21% had two or more days of restricted activity. Women aged 20-24 years had an almost two fold risk of falling more than those over 35 years (odds ratio 1.9; 95% confidence interval 1.4, 2.7). Characteristics of falls included: indoors (56%), on stairs (39%) and falling from a height greater than three feet (9%) (not mutually exclusive). Though 27% of women fell while pregnant, 10% experienced two or more falls. Pregnant women should be aware of the risk factors of and situations related to falls. There is an urgent need for primary prevention in this high risk group.
Implicit learning and non-clinical paranoia: Does content matter?

Abstract Persons high and low in non-clinical paranoia (based on scores from the Paranoia Scale) were administered two implicit learning tasks that comprised information regarding the covariation between a stimulus (e.g. a face) and a specific characteristic (e.g. “fairness”). To assess whether persons high in non-clinical paranoia were particularly sensitive to learning social information, both social (faces) and non-social stimuli (cars) were used. Results showed that the group high in non-clinical paranoia demonstrated implicit learning to all stimuli, irrespective of content. The group low in non-clinical paranoia showed greater implicit learning for non-social relative to social stimuli. The results partially support a content-specific bias since there were differences in social ratings relative to non-social ratings between the two groups. Finally, the group high in non-clinical paranoia was significantly more confident in their ratings relative to the group low in non-clinical paranoia for all stimuli. The implications of these findings for non-clinical paranoia are discussed.
Effectiveness of a method used in bonding resins to metal

Currently, several methods are available for bonding resin veneers to dental casting alloys. Recently a new system (Silicoater) has been developed that involves the chemical bonding of polymers to dental substrates. This study determined bond strengths of several proprietary composite resin luting agents to three different types of casting alloys. The results were compared with those obtained using electrolytic etching techniques. The pyrogenically silica-treated specimens generated the highest bond strengths.
Agnostic hyperintensional semantics

A hyperintensional semantics for natural language is proposed which is agnostic about the question of whether propositions are sets of worlds or worlds are (maximal consistent) sets of propositions. Montague’s theory of intensional senses is replaced by a weaker theory, written in standard classical higher-order logic, of fine-grained senses which are in a many-to-one correspondence with intensions; Montague’s theory can then be recovered from the proposed theory by identifying the type of propositions with the type of sets of worlds and adding an axiom to the effect that each world is the set of propositions which are true there. Senses are compositionally assigned to linguistic expressions by a categorial grammar with only two rule schemas, based on the implicative fragment of intuitionistic linear propositional logic, and a fully explicit grammar fragment is provided that illustrates the compositional assignment of sense to a variety of constructions, including dummy-subject constructions, infinitive complements, predicative adjectives and nominals, raising to subject, ‘tough-movement’, and quantifier scope ambiguities. Notably, the grammar and the derivations that it licenses never make reference to either worlds or to the extensions of senses.
Brain‐hemisphere functions as a basis for giftedness

Understanding brain hemisphere functions can be helpful in understanding the concept of giftedness, and as such, serve as a foundation for teaching the gifted.