cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Field-programmable integrated circuits-overview and future trends

Summary form only given as follows. Recent advances in device architectures and programmable technology have resulted in a dramatic increase in the integration capacity of field-programmable integrated circuits (FPICs). FPICs with over 10000 usable gates are currently available and it is expected that FPICs with 200000 gates will become feasible before the end of the century. Such high integration FPICs are becoming viable alternatives to many gate array and standard cell implementations. Moreover, the ability to rapidly prototype large systems using FPICs is opening up new and exciting possibilities in product customization, emulation, and configurable hardware acceleration. The author presents an overview of existing FPICs and discusses future directions in device architectures and applications to system level programmability. >
Modeling of layout-dependent stress effect in CMOS design

Strain technology has been successfully integrated into CMOS fabrication to improve carrier transport properties since 90 nm node. Due to the non-uniform stress distribution in the channel, the enhancement in carrier mobility, velocity, and threshold voltage shift strongly depend on circuit layout, leading to systematic performance variations among transistors. A compact stress model that physically captures this behavior is essential to bridge the process technology with design optimization. In this paper, starting from the first principle, a new layout-dependent stress model is proposed as a function of layout, temperature, and other device parameters. Furthermore, a method of layout decomposition is developed to partition the layout into a set of simple patterns for efficient model extraction. These solutions significantly reduce the complexity in stress modeling and simulation. They are comprehensively validated by TCAD simulation and published Si-data, including the state-of-the-art strain technologies and the STI stress effect. By embedding them into circuit analysis, the interaction between layout and circuit performance is well benchmarked at 45 nm node.
Fishery management responses to climate change in the North Pacific

Stram, D. L., and Evans, D. C. K. 2009. Fishery management responses to climate change in the North Pacific. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1633-1639.In the North Pacific, warming trends, coupled with declining sea ice, raise concerns about the effects of climate change on fish populations and ecosystem dynamics. Scientists are only beginning to understand the potential feedback mechanisms that will affect everything from plankton populations to major commercial fish species distributions, yet fishery managers have a responsibility to prepare for and respond to changing fishing patterns and potential ecosystem effects. There are ways for fishery managers to be proactive, while waiting for better information to unfold. The North Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) and the National Marine Fisheries Service have jurisdiction over offshore fisheries in Alaska, USA. Recently, the Council has undertaken risk-averse management actions, in light of uncertainty about the effects of warming trends (and loss of sea ice) and resulting changes to fishing activities in the North Pacific. The Council has assessed whether opportunities for unregulated fishing could result from changes in fish distribution, has closed the Arctic Ocean to all commercial fishing pending further research, and has established extensive area closures where fishing with bottom-trawl gear is prohibited to protect vulnerable crab habitat and to control the northern expansion of the trawl fleet into newly ice-free waters. In cases where linkages between climate variables and fish distributions can be identified, the Council is developing adaptive management measures to respond to varying distributions of fish and shellfish. Finally, the Council has also tried to re-examine existing information to gain a better understanding of climate and ecosystem effects on fishery management. The pilot Fishery Ecosystem Plan for the Aleutian Islands maps interactions among climate factors and ecosystem components and suggests indicators for the Council to monitor.
Generalized eigenproblem and nonlinear elliptic equations with nonlinear boundary conditions

We are concerned with the solvability of nonlinear second-order elliptic partial differential equations with nonlinear boundary conditions. We study the generalized Steklov–Robin eigenproblem (with possibly singular weights) in which the spectral parameter is both in the differential equation and on the boundary. We prove the existence of solutions for nonlinear problems when both nonlinearities in the differential equation and on the boundary interact, in some sense, with the generalized spectrum. The proofs are based on variational methods and a priori estimates.
Neural network robotic control of unknown mass payloads

Summary form only given. The authors discuss a neural-network-based controller suitable for position control of a one-degree-of-freedom robotic manipulator with unknown mass payload. A feedforward neural network (NN) is utilized to learn the dynamics of the manipulator and provide a drive signal, based on NN inputs, to a proportional-derivative controller used to stabilize the plant. The NN estimates the payload mass implicitly using readily available state information during training and operation. Computer simulations are used to assess the NN controller performance and to compare the performance to that of the linear controller. Specifically, the NN controller is trained on one trajectory for three different payload masses using the measured actuator torque at a given state as an estimation of the payload mass for input to the neural network. >
Matrix Green's functions for array‐type sources and receivers in multiwave layered media

Summary. A previous formulation (Lu, Felsen & Kamel) of source-excited wave propagation in a multiwave layer is here extended to multiple layers, each of which may propagate different multiple wave species, and to simultaneous excitation and detection at arbitrarily specified multiple levels. Field variables are arranged so as to reveal ‘interesting’layers requiring access (for example, those containing a source and/or receiver) but to hide in collective form all other ‘uninteresting’layers. An ordering of wave constituents into array vectors provides not only a physically appealing view of the wave phenomena pertaining to array-type source and receiver arrangements but may also furnish numerical advantages. The variety of alternative representations in Lu et al. can be brought to bear directly on the present formulation which is thereby endowed with substantial versatility, especially that embodied within the hybrid ray-mode format.
Diabetes Mellitus and Aortic Aneurysm Rupture A Favorable Association

Introduction:Recent reports suggest that diabetic patients are relatively unlikely to have abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). This retrospective study assesses the relationship between diabetes mel...
Real-time resource-sharing under clustered scheduling: mutex, reader-writer, and k-exclusion locks

This paper presents the first suspension-based real-time locking protocols for clustered schedulers. Such schedulers pose challenges from a locking perspective because they exhibit aspects of both partitioned and global scheduling, which seem to necessitate fundamentally different means for bounding priority inversions. A new mechanism to bound such inversions, termed priority donation, is presented and used to derive protocols for mutual exclusion, reader-writer exclusion, and k-exclusion. Each protocol has asymptotically optimal blocking bounds under certain analysis assumptions. The latter two protocols are also the first of their kind for the special cases of global and partitioned scheduling.
A conditional Monte Carlo method for estimating the failure probability of a distribution network with random demands

We consider a model of an irreducible network in which each node is subjected to a random demand, where the demands are jointly normally distributed. Each node has a given supply that it uses to try to meet its demand; if it cannot, the node distributes its unserved demand equally to its neighbors, which in turn do the same. The equilibrium is determined by solving a linear program (LP) to minimize the sum of the unserved demands across the nodes in the network. One possible application of the model might be the distribution of electricity in an electric power grid. This paper considers estimating the probability that the optimal objective function value of the LP exceeds a large threshold, which is a rare event. We develop a conditional Monte Carlo algorithm for estimating this probability, and we provide simulation results indicating that our method can significantly improve statistical efficiency.
Factors affecting calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium status of dairy cattle on the Oregon coast.

Abstract Blood plasma from 126 milking cows in 21 herds was analyzed for calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in October, 1974, and in the following April. For all three minerals, time of sampling, herds, and time of sampling by herd differed. Mean values in October and April were calcium, 10.1 and 9.0; phosphorus, 5.96 and 4.88; magnesium, 1.98 and 1.85 mg/100 ml. Calcium also differed between stages of lactation. Mean calcium for cows milking 200 days and dry was: 9.41, 9.70, and 9.80 mg/100 ml. Differences in winter feeding practices among herds were responsible for time of sampling, herd, and time of sampling-by-herd differences.
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 Activity and Other Coronary Risk Factors

Because only some coronary risk factors have been evaluated for an association with plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) activity, this cross-sectional study examined the association between 27 coronary risk factors and PAI-1 in 24 healthy persons without coronary heart disease (control persons) and 22 patients who had survived myocardial infarction (cases). The coronary risk factors included major coronary risk factors such as age, anthropometric measures such as intraabdominal fat, and biochemical analytes such as serum concentration of triglyceride and plasma von Willebrand factor activity. The associations were analyzed in univariate and multiple linear regression analyses. For the control persons, triglyceride and von Willebrand factor were significantly associated with PAI-1 activity (p=0.0002, R2=0.55). In contrast for the 24 cases, age and intraabdominal adipose tissue were significantly associated with PAI-1 (p=0.0011, R2=0.51). Coronary risk factors explained more than half the varia...
OPTIMIZING HORMONE THERAPY IN LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER: FOCUS ON EXTERNAL BEAM RADIOTHERAPY

ABSTRACTPurpose: The use of hormone therapy combined with radiotherapy (RT) and prior to radical prostatectomy was explored as part of the management of localized prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: Recent randomized studies and ongoing clinical trials of hormone therapy were reviewed to help identify patients who will benefit from combined treatment.Results: Although short-term androgen ablation improves cause specific survival in low Gleason score, bulky prostatic neoplasms, long-term androgen ablation is required for high grade prostate cancer. Whole pelvic RT may be important for maximizing the biochemical interaction between RT and androgen ablation in patients at high risk for pelvic lymph node involvement. Ongoing studies will contribute to our overall understanding of combined modality treatment.Conclusions: Androgen ablation is an important part of the management of prostate cancer when external beam RT is used. Long-term androgen ablation should be performed in bulky, high Gleason score cases...
The dynamics of thin liquid films in the presence of surface‐tension gradients

The climbing of Marangoni films up vertical solid surfaces was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The system considered was a nonisothermal plate with its warm end partially immersed in a nonvolatile liquid. Observed film thicknesses and rates of climb were in agreement with an approximate hydrodynamic model obtained by assuming the supply capacity of the film to be rate limiting. The results of this study confirm the hypothesis is that previously observed liquid films formed against gravitational forces above equilibrium menisci are produced by surface-tension inequalities. It is pointed out that hydrodynamic processes cannot allow for the advancement of the leading edge of Marangoni films and a separate physicochemical process is required to explain spontaneous spreading of these films. Evidence is presented for the formation of much thinner primary films ahead of the secondary bulk films described by hydrodynamics. These primary films appear to be produced by a combination of multilayer adsorption and/or surface diffusion. The kinetics of these diffusional processes may limit spreading rates when surface-tension gradients become sufficiently large. Finally, the Marangoni films were found to be unstable in a manner hithertonot considered.
Characteristics of regional myocardial stunning after exercise in dogs with chronic coronary stenosis

Persistent impairment of regional contraction of the left ventricle after restoration of blood flow following transient coronary occlusion has been termed “stunning,” and reversible regional dysfun...
Infusion of zymosan-activated plasma affects neutrophils in peripheral blood and bone marrow in sheep.

Intravenous infusion of zymosan-activated plasma (ZAP) in sheep results in acute lung injury mcdi- ated in part by free radical release from stimulated neu- trophils that are retained in increased numbers in the pulmonary microcirculation. ZAP infusion is also associ- ated with long-term reduction in elicited superoxide anion generation from segmented neutrophils in the cir- culating and bone marrow poois for at least 24 h after the infusion. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of ZAP infusion on leukocyte counts and neutro- phil granule-associated enzyme activity in the circulating and bone marrow pools. Cytochemical methods were used to characterize enzyme activity in primary granules (acid phosphatase and myeloperoxidase) and secondary gran- tiles (alkaline phosphatase). During the infusion period, neutrophil differential counts decreased less in venous blood than in matched arterial blood. Release from bone marrow stores was evident as increased numbers of circu- lating band neutrophils during and after the infusion. Neutrophils in venous and arterial blood smears were degranulated acutely during and 1-3 h after the infusion was stopped. Band and segmented neutrophils in bone marrow also appeared slightly degranulated 1-2 h after the infusion. In vitro experiments showed that band and segmented neutrophils in bone marrow degranulated in response to ZAP incubation. Immature polymorpho- nuclear leukocytes did not degranulate. Five to 24 h after ZAP infusion, enzyme activity in circulating and bone marrow neutrophils was at baseline levels, suggesting that new cells were being released into the circulating pooi be- cause degranulated neutrophils do not synthesize new granules. Another indication of a long-term effect in bone marrow were slight decreases in the percentage of imma- ture polymorphonuclear leukocytes and band neutrophils and a significant decrease in the percentage of eosino- phils, all of which coincided with a significant increase in the percentage of segmented neutrophils. Our results demonstrate that circulating complement anaphylatoxins affect neutrophils in bone marrow as well as the vascular space.J. Leukoc. Biol. 52: 501-515; 1992.
The Methionine Transamination Pathway Controls Hepatic Glucose Metabolism through Regulation of the GCN5 Acetyltransferase and the PGC-1α Transcriptional Coactivator

Methionine is an essential sulfur amino acid that is engaged in key cellular functions such as protein synthesis and is a precursor for critical metabolites involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In mammals, in response to nutrient conditions, the liver plays a significant role in regulating methionine concentrations by altering its flux through the transmethylation, transsulfuration, and transamination metabolic pathways. A comprehensive understanding of how hepatic methionine metabolism intersects with other regulatory nutrient signaling and transcriptional events is, however, lacking. Here, we show that methionine and derived-sulfur metabolites in the transamination pathway activate the GCN5 acetyltransferase promoting acetylation of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α to control hepatic gluconeogenesis. Methionine was the only essential amino acid that rapidly induced PGC-1α acetylation through activating the GCN5 acetyltransferase. Experiments employing metabolic pathway intermediates revealed that methionine transamination, and not the transmethylation or transsulfuration pathways, contributed to methionine-induced PGC-1α acetylation. Moreover, aminooxyacetic acid, a transaminase inhibitor, was able to potently suppress PGC-1α acetylation stimulated by methionine, which was accompanied by predicted alterations in PGC-1α-mediated gluconeogenic gene expression and glucose production in primary murine hepatocytes. Methionine administration in mice likewise induced hepatic PGC-1α acetylation, suppressed the gluconeogenic gene program, and lowered glycemia, indicating that a similar phenomenon occurs in vivo These results highlight a communication between methionine metabolism and PGC-1α-mediated hepatic gluconeogenesis, suggesting that influencing methionine metabolic flux has the potential to be therapeutically exploited for diabetes treatment.
Households without Houses: Mobility and Moorings on the Eurasian Steppe

Mobility is often cited as the essence of life in the Eurasian steppe, and with it mobile dwellings and households. Steppe nomads offer ethnographically potent visions of inhabited space into which archaeological landscapes fit comfortably. Challenges include the discovery of early household sites, the characterization of households that lack structures, and how to examine the dynamics of mobile pastoralist households without being drawn into an agglomerative model that builds toward optimal practices. This paper will marshal the archaeological evidence for domestic spaces in mobile steppe households. A flexible and extensible model of household spaces will be offered that links activities and resources into a network of contextual relationships at the household scale. This provides a model for analogical use of ethnographic data, frameworks into which the archaeological fragments of mobile households can be fitted, and above all a means of comparative characterization between periods of inhabitation in t...
Fall Temporal Activity and Overwintering Sites of the White Pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi,1 in Central Maine2

Adult weevils occur primarily on current-year apical buds and stems in north and east crown quadrants of upper crown branches. However, some minor movements occurs during the day. Fall adults are found on upper crown lateral branches while spring adults are predominantly located on the terminals of host trees. Weevils overwinter at the interface between an upper dry needle zone and a lower moist organic zone, ca. 20 cm from host tree boles in west and north litter quadrants.
Analysis with antiidiotype antibody of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and a large cell lymphoma (Richter's syndrome).

A murine monoclonal antibody made against an idiotypic determinant (Id) of surface IgM/IgD lambda molecules on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells of a 71-year-old woman was used for clonal analysis by two- color immunofluorescence. The anti-Id antibody identified IgM+/IgD+/lambda+ B cells as the predominant cell type of her CLL clone. In addition, substantial proportions of the IgG and IgA B cells and most of the IgM plasma cells in her bone marrow and blood were Id+. Six years after diagnosis, the patient died of respiratory failure due to infiltration of lungs by malignant cells. Autopsy revealed a dramatic change in the tumor cell morphology. The lungs, hilar nodes, and liver were infiltrated by a diffuse large cell lymphoma admixed with the leukemic cells. By immunohistologic staining these anaplastic lymphoma cells were IgM+/IgD-/lambda+ B cells expressing the same Id noted earlier on the CLL cells. The immunoglobulin gene rearrangement pattern on Southern blot analysis was also the same in leukemic blood cells and in the tissues involved by the lymphoma. Thus, the combination of antiidiotype and immunoglobulin gene analyses in this patient with Richter's syndrome revealed that a CLL clone, seemingly “frozen” in differentiation, was actually undergoing isotype switching, differentiation into plasma cells, and evolution into a rapidly growing and fetal lymphoma.
Ethnic Rent-Seeking, Stability and Institutional Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa

Empirical evidence shows a positive and statistically significant relationship between investment and output growth. Variations across countries in economic growth largely reflect differences in investment. Such variations crucially depend on the perceived risk of investment. Other things being equal, lower risk and higher present values, imply a higher level of investment. Thus, cross-country variations in investment rates, and therefore economic growth, reflect differences in the risk of investment.
Michael Psellos and the instauration of philosophy

Where to start with Psellos? The word “unique” is often used lightly by historians but in this case it is no idle epithet. Psellos' radical philosophical proposals, his manifold and innovative writings on all subjects, his prestigious and historically impactive career at the court, his importance as a source for the eleventh century, and his decisive influence on Byzantine intellectual life, make him the most amazing figure in Byzantine history. He cannot be “explained,” at least not yet. Psellos appeared almost out of nowhere and very self-consciously revolutionized intellectual life without regard for our categories and narratives. He is especially important for the revival of Byzantine Hellenism, which sprung from him like Athena from the head of Zeus, disrupting any notion of a gradual development. In fact, it took his intellectual and literary heirs long to absorb his thought, and few would go as far as he did in replacing the Christian component of Byzantine culture with Greek philosophical alternatives. Psellos cannot easily be “summarized,” even if only under one aspect, as will be attempted here. To begin with, we lack the basic groundwork. There is still no biography or secure chronology for his manifold writings. Though most of them have been published, few have received careful individual study. This makes matters difficult because depending on the audience, circumstance, and philosophical or political goals of each work, Psellos has something different to say, often modulating or entirely contradicting what he says elsewhere.
Post radiofrequency ablation assessment of colorectal cancer liver metastases—does post ablation biopsy really matter?

Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy in the United States among both men and women and second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. There are about 135,000 estimated new cases of colorectal cancer in 2016 and about 50,000 deaths, however death rates have fallen by about 2.7% each year over the past 10 years (1). In fact, nearly 50% of patients with colorectal cancer develop hepatic metastases at some point during the course of their disease. Patients with untreated colorectal cancer liver metastases (CLM) have a median survival time of approximately 5 months with poor 5-year survival rates. Hepatic resection is the first choice treatment for the resectable cases and results in long-term survival for approximately 40% of patients. The perioperative mortality of hepatectomy is now less than 5%.
Low-frequency loss studies of poly(2,6 dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether)

The role of impurities1,2 in low-loss polymers is poorly understood. Dielectric losses in poly(2,6 dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) have been measured at frequencies from 0. 01 Hz to 10 kHz in the temperature range 25°C to 250°C in an attempt to shed further light on this phenomenon.
Effects of evaporation velocity and film thickness on poly(3‐hexylthiophene) thin films processed from aggregate dispersions in binary solvent mixtures

Aggregate dispersions of P3HT in two series of solvent mixtures, chloroform:dichloromethane and toluene:dichloromethane, are used to study the impact of the evaporation velocity and film thickness on the P3HT films processed using two spin-coating speeds (1000 rpm and 2000 rpm). The structural order and surface morphology were investigated with UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques. There is no evidence that the characteristics of the liquid phase P3HT dispersions impact the structures of the films, which is in agreement with a previous study of drop cast P3HT films that were dried over much longer time periods. An association is observed between the extent of aggregation in the liquid phase and the thickness and surface roughness parameters of the films. However, the structural order does not correlate with the thickness of the films, which was previously reported for polymer films processed from amorphous polymer solutions in pure organic solvents. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016
Long-term Retention in Office Based Opioid Treatment with Buprenorphine

Abstract Background Guidelines recommend long-term treatment for opioid use disorder with buprenorphine; however, little is known about patients in long-term treatment. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence and patient characteristics of long-term treatment retention (≥ 1 year) in an Office Based Opioid Treatment (OBOT) program with buprenorphine. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of adults on buprenorphine from January 2002 to February 2014 in a large urban safety-net primary care OBOT program. The primary outcome was retention in OBOT for at least one continuous year. Potential predictors included age, race, psychiatric diagnoses, hepatitis C, employment, prior buprenorphine, ever heroin use, current cocaine, benzodiazepine and alcohol use on enrollment. Factors associated with ≥ 1 year OBOT retention were identified using generalized estimating equation logistic regression models. Patients who re-enrolled in the program contributed repeated observations. Results There were 1605 OBOT treatment periods among 1237 patients in this study. Almost half, 45% (717/1605), of all treatment periods were ≥ 1 year and a majority, 53.7% (664/1237), of patients had at least one ≥ 1 year period. In adjusted analyses, female gender (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 1.55, 95% CI [1.20, 2.00]) psychiatric diagnosis (AOR 1.75 [1.35, 2.27]) and age (AOR 1.19 per 10 year increase [1.05, 1.34]) were associated with greater odds of ≥ 1 year retention. Unemployment (AOR 0.72 [0.56, 0.92]), Hepatitis C (AOR 0.59 [0.45, 0.76]), black race/ethnicity (AOR 0.53 [0.36, 0.78]) and Hispanic race/ethnicity (AOR 0.66 [0.48, 0.92]) were associated with lower odds of ≥ 1 year retention. Conclusions Over half of patients who presented to Office Based Opioid Treatment with buprenorphine were ultimately successfully retained for ≥ 1 year. However, significant disparities in one-year treatment retention were observed, including poorer retention for patients who were younger, black, Hispanic, unemployed, or with hepatitis C.
Towards a wireless multimodal speech capture system

People suffering from speech disorders cannot produce comprehensible speech. Particularly, motor speech disorders affect the ability to control and synchronize articulators, such as tongue, lips, and jaw, which are responsible for speech production. Typically, people suffering from such disorders undergo speech therapy, led by speech-language pathologists (SLPs), in which they may be asked to repeat a set of utterances. Speech performance is assessed and errors are corrected by the SLP via attempts to adjust the articulators' motion for the errant sounds. However, in order to provide accurate feedback, SLPs must be able to monitor and analyze articulators' movements. Currently, available speech articulator tracking systems are not suitable for use in the SLPs' private practices as they either prevent natural speech, are costly, bulky, or too complex to setup and/or calibrate for each therapy session. The system presented here uses off-the-shelf components and captures three important speech modalities: tongue movements, voice, and lip gestures simultaneously and unobtrusively, thus presents a potentially suitable solution for SLPs and their patients in their daily routines as it is noninvasive, wireless, low cost, low maintenance, portable, and plug-and-play.
The regulation of tumor-suppressive microRNA, miR-126, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

The introduction of miR profiling of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients with different cytogenetic profiles and responses to therapy has allowed incorporation of important miR-mRNA interactions into the understanding of disease biology. In this study, we performed miR expression analysis using NanoString nCounter to discover differentially regulated miRs after therapy with the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib. Of the differentially regulated miRs in the discovery set, miR-29c and miR-126 were confirmed using real-time PCR to be upregulated in CLL patient cells with ibrutinib therapy. In the validation set, an inverse correlation was observed between miR-126 levels and expression of its putative target p85β, an isoform of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase p85 regulatory subunit. We found that mRNA for the host gene EGFL7, primary unprocessed miR-126, and mature miR-126 are all downregulated in CLL cells compared to normal B cells. Patients in later stages of disease have a greater decrease in miR-126 expression compared to treatment-naive patients, indicating that lower miR-126 levels may associate with disease progression. Overexpression of miR-126 in leukemia cell lines significantly downregulates p85β expression and decreases activation of prosurvival mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. These results implicate miR-126 in the pathology of CLL.
Brain SPECT used to evaluate vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: correlation with angiography and transcranial Doppler.

Purpose The primary objective of this study was to correlate Tc-99m HMPAO and ethyl cysteine dimer perfusion brain SPECT imaging with angiography and transcranial Doppler (TCD) to identify vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods A retrospective analysis of consecutive patients who had cerebral blood flow SPECT imaging for subarachnoid hemorrhage and aneurysm clipping was made. Flow velocity measurements were correlated using TCD and cerebrovascular angiography. Results Of the 129 patients were included in this study, 84 were female and 45 were male, with a mean age of 51.9 years and a median age of 51 years (range, 9 to 84 years). Eighty-nine patients had brain SPECT evidence of hypoperfusion. Concordance was found between SPECT and TCD with vasospasm in 57 of 89 (64%) patients and nonconcordance was evident in 32 patients (36%). Eleven patients who had concordance between SPECT and TCD had nonconcordant results of angiography for vasospasm. Conclusions These findings suggest that all three methods are complementary to each other in the evaluation of patients with vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Concordance of 64% between SPECT and TCD is acceptable and explicable by the differences in technique and measurement of cerebral blood flow compared with vascular narrowing, respectively.
Analyzing inference robustness of RRAM synaptic array in low-precision neural network

In this work, we investigate the robustness of 1-transistor-1-resistor (1T1R) synaptic array to implement a low-precision neural network. The experimental results on 1 kb HfO x -based RRAM array show a large on/off ratio (i.e. > 105×) and 5 stable resistance states can be reliably achieved with 10× window between adjacent two states. As the RRAM has the resistance drift over time under read voltage stress, the impact of read disturbance occurred in 1T1R synaptic array on the neural network classification accuracy is analyzed with the RRAM compact model fitted with experimental data. The simulation results of a single-layer perceptron with compressed MNIST dataset indicate that 1) more stable multi-level states are desired to have higher mapping capability of weights, thus achieving a higher initial classification accuracy; 2) good mapping strategies that avoid the read disturbance-induced sign change on the most significant weight levels are very important to mitigate the classification accuracy loss.
A Spectrometer for Neutron-In, Charged-Particle-Out Reactions

Recent appearance in the nuclear physics literature of high quality measurements of neutron-induced charged-particle reactions has helped to rekindle interest in this largely-ignored branch of nuclear reaction studies. Other contributors to this conference 1,2) describe results obtained with the techniques developed at the University of California at Davis. This contribution will focus on our efforts to develop and extend an alternative technique--using magnetic quadrupole lenses--which was pioneered at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. Since the Livermore methods have been previously described3,4), comparison of the design features of the Ohio University spectrometer with the Livermore system should provide an efficient approach to the subject.
N2 activation by iron-sulfur complexes

Inspired by the determination of the structure of the nitrogenase enzyme cofactor by Rees et al., the binding of an N2 molecule to some model iron-sulfur compounds was investigated usingab initio calculations. Side-on and end-on coordination to one two and four iron centers were investigated. In most cases, the N2 is loosely bound and retains its internal triple bond, but a few examples are found where the N2 is “activated” and has a longer N-N bond length.
The Influence of Template Size and Geometry on Faujasite Crystallization

The addition of TMA to a faujasite synthesis promotes the formation of mazzite, but TEA, TPA, and TBA induce higher Si/Al faujasites to grow, rather than new phases. The E 2 M 2 template promotes the formation of a new zeolite ECR-1 having an orthorhombic unit cell with a = 26.3A, b = 18.3A, and c = 7.3A. Agitation during the syntheses causes faujasite to be rapidly, and often totally, displaced by gmelinite, indicating that “collision breeding” of gmelinite nuclii is a dominant feature of the reaction system. The various reaction products indicate that secondary building units in this system are smaller than sodalite or gmelinite cages, and are readily templated to yield distinctly different frameworks depending upon the size and configuration of the template.
Microsatellite instability but not thymidylate synthase is a prognostic variable in primary colon cancers from patients treated in 5-FU-based adjuvant studies

10019 Background: Colon cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI) display resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and in vitro resistance can be reversed by restoring DNA mismatch repair proficien...
Passivity-Based Learning Control for Torque and Cadence Tracking in Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) Induced Cycling

This paper examines torque tracking accomplished by the activation of lower-limb muscles via Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) and cadence regulation by an electric motor. Challenges arise from the fact that skeletal muscles evoke torque via FES in a time-varying, nonlinear, and delayed manner. A desired torque trajectory is constructed based on the crank position and determined by the knee joint torque transfer ratio (i.e., kinematic efficiency of the knee), which varies as a periodic function of the crank angle. To cope with this periodicity, a repetitive learning controller is developed to track the desired periodic torque trajectory by stimulating the muscle groups. Concurrently, a sliding-mode controller is designed for the electric motor to maintain cadence tracking throughout the entire crank cycle. A passivity-based analysis is developed to ensure stability of the torque and cadence closed-loop systems.
Surgical Technique for Release of Anterior Interval Scarring of the Knee After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Abstract Postoperative scarring is a known complication after arthroscopic anterior ligament reconstruction of the knee. The anterior interval of the knee has been previously identified as a common location for anterior scar formation. The anterior interval is defined as the space between the infrapatellar fat pad and the anterior border of the tibia. Patients with anterior interval scarring often present with lack of terminal knee extension, anterior knee pain, decreased patellar mobility, and quadriceps atrophy. The goal of this paper is to describe the technique for anterior interval release of the knee.
Increasing Pediatricians' Awareness of the Association between Anal Skin Tags and Earlier Diagnosis of Crohn's Disease.

Objective To seek the habits of pediatricians by which anorectal skin tags (AST) of Crohn's disease might be overlooked. Methods Questionnaires were sent to pediatricians affiliated with the Northwell Health System. Results Based on the responses, the majority of pediatricians did feel the abdomen of children presenting with abdominal pain or diarrhea but did not spread the buttocks to seek the presence of AST unless there was rectal pain, rectal bleeding, or, in some cases, loose stools. Conclusions The diagnosis of Crohn's disease could be made earlier when asymptomatic AST are searched for in children with gastrointestinal symptoms.
The Risks and Dangers of Chumras: A Guide to the Sources

The Talmud asserts that one who prohibits that which is permitted, will eventually permit that which is prohibited. Clearly, a chumra (religious stringency exceeding the normal requirements of the law) can have negative consequences and one should therefore be very careful before imposing it on the community. This paper provides numerous sources and examples to assist one who wishes to examine the issues involving chumras. Stringencies are not always appropriate and may boomerang and cause more problems than they solve. Indeed, there are chumras that (1) make one appear arrogant; (2) result in one being called a boor; (3) result in one being called a sinner; (4) cast aspersions on previous generations that did not require this behavior; (5) border on heresy and might even warrant excommunication; and (6) result in one being called “the fool who walks in darkness.”
Digital health literacy in a person-centric world.

Abstract The digital age is beginning to impact the healthcare system. Smartphones and other devices based on cellular technology have made access to information ubiquitous among consumers throughout the world. There has been a shift from devices that collect data to systems for those medical conditions, such as atrial fibrillation. This changes the focus from health literacy to digital health literacy and the information-communication between the healthcare professional and the individual. Moving from health literacy to digital health literacy, therefore also means shifting from patients to persons and from managing health to empowering people to live a healthier life. Digital solutions will uncover an even greater tool, the engaged patient.
Bis(β-ketoiminate) dioxo tungsten(VI) complexes as precursors for growth of WOx by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition

Abstract Bis(β-ketoiminate) dioxo tungsten(VI) complexes WO2L2 (L = acNac, acNacMe, acNacEt) have been synthesized and characterized. The thermal behaviors and possible decomposition mechanisms of these dioxo compounds were studied by TGA, MS and thermolysis. The performance of WO2(acNacMe)2 as an AACVD precursor was evaluated at growth temperatures of 250–550 °C using nitrogen as the carrier gas. The elemental compositions of the as-deposited and sputtered tungsten oxide films were determined by XPS. The morphology and stoichiometry of the as-deposited films were studied by SEM and XRD.
Assisting, Instructing, Assessing: 21st Century Student Centered Librarianship

For librarians at the University of North Florida, there was a need to move beyond information literacy instruction to one-on-one and small group research consultations to aid in student success. B...
Lead identification and characterization of hTrkA type 2 inhibitors

Virtual in silico structure-guided modeling, followed by in vitro biochemical screening of a subset of commercially purchasable compound collection resulted in the identification of several human tropomyosin receptor kinase A (hTrkA) inhibitors that bind the orthosteric ATP site and exhibit binding preference for the inactive kinase conformation. The type 2 binding mode with the DFG-out and αC-helix out hTrkA kinase domain conformation was confirmed from X-ray crystallographic solution of a representative inhibitor analog, 1b. Additional hTrkA and hTrkB (selectivity) assays in recombinant cells, neurite outgrowth inhibition using rat PC12 cells, early ADME profiling, and preliminary pharmacokinetic evaluation in rodents guided the lead inhibitor progression in the discovery screening funnel.
Constructing Writing Assignments For First-Year Engineering Students

All first-year SSOE students must complete the University of Pittsburg's (Pitt) English/First-Year Engineering Writing Program (E/FYEWP), which is embedded in Pitt's Swanson School of Engineering curriculum. The Program is designed to engage engineering students with engineering-oriented topics and issues while maintaining Pitt's Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences (and Composition Program's) missions and goals, which include rigorous inquiry leading to fluent and responsible communication of ideas. E/FYEWP faculty initially integrated engineering topics into already existing liberal-arts-oriented writing assignments. However, once we began getting to know our engineering students and their writing, we realized that to best support our students, we needed to treat engineering as more than a “topic.” We needed to construct assignments around engineering as a discipline, which employs significant and particular ways of pursuing insight and constructing meaning. This paper will detail changes made to maximize first year students' engagement with E/FYEWP writing assignments.
Pathway-specific reporter genes to study stem cell biology.

Little is known on the phenotypic characteristics of stem cells (SCs) after they are transplanted to the myocardium, in part due to lack of noninvasive platforms to study SCs directly in the living subject. Reporter gene imaging has played a valuable role in the noninvasive assessment of cell fate in vivo. In this study, we validated a pathway-specific reporter gene that can be used to noninvasively image the phenotype of SCs transplanted to the myocardium. Rat mesenchymal SCs (MSCs) were studied for phenotypic evidence of myogenic characteristics under in vitro conditions. After markers of myogenic characteristics were identified, we constructed a reporter gene sensor, comprising the firefly luciferase (Fluc) reporter gene driven by the troponin T (TnT) promoter (cardio MSCs had threefold expression in polymerase chain reaction compared to control MSCs) using a two-step signal amplification strategy. MSCs transfected with TnT-Fluc were studied and validated under in vitro conditions, showing a strong signal after MSCs acquired myogenic characteristics. Lastly, we observed that cardio MSCs had higher expression of the reporter sensor compared to control cells (0.005 ± 0.0005 vs 0.0025 ± 0.0008 Tnt-Fluc/ubiquitin-Fluc, P < .05), and that this novel sensor can detect the change in the phenotype of MSCs directly in the living subject. Pathway-specific reporter gene imaging allows assessment of changes in the phenotype of MSCs after delivery to the ischemic myocardium, providing important information on the phenotype of these cells. Imaging sensors like the one described here are critical to better understanding of the changes that SCs undergo after transplantation.
Breaking Down Fractures of the Pelvis and Hip.

ABSTRACT The multiple widely-used classifications for fractures of the pelvic ring, acetabulum, and hip reflect the necessary compromise between reliability, simplicity, and clinical applicability. This article examines these classification systems with attention to current treatment algorithms and management implications. This review includes the following classifications: Young-Burgess for high-energy pelvic ring injury, Fragility Fractures of the Pelvis (FFP) for low-energy osteoporotic pelvic ring injury, Judet-Letournel for acetabular fracture, and a recently proposed simplified 6-group classification for hip fractures.
Catalysis by protein acetyltransferase Gcn5

Abstract Gcn5 serves as the defining member of the Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) superfamily of proteins that display a common structural fold and catalytic mechanism involving the transfer of the acyl-group, primarily acetyl-, from CoA to an acceptor nucleophile. In the case of Gcn5, the target is the e-amino group of lysine primarily on histones. Over the years, studies on Gcn5 structure-function have often formed the basis by which we understand the complex activities and regulation of the entire protein acetyltransferase family. It is now appreciated that protein acetylation occurs on thousands of proteins and can reversibly regulate the function of many cellular processes. In this review, we provide an overview of our fundamental understanding of catalysis, regulation of activity and substrate selection, and inhibitor development for this archetypal acetyltransferase.
Flux crystal growth of a new BaTa2O6 polymorph, and of the novel tantalum oxyfluoride salt inclusion phase [Ba3F]Ta4O12F: Flux dependent phase formation

Abstract A new hexagonal polymorph of BaTa2O6 and a novel salt inclusion phase, [Ba3F]Ta4O12F, were obtained via high temperature flux crystal growth using mixed alkali chloride/alkali fluoride fluxes. BaTa2O6 and [Ba3F]Ta4O12F crystallize in the hexagonal and tetragonal space groups P6/mmm and P42/mnm, respectively. The structure of BaTa2O6 consists of TaO6 octahedra that edge-share via equatorial O(2) to form Ta2O10 dimers that further connect to form a 3D structure containing channels in which the barium cations are located. The morphology of this structure is substantially different from those of the three previously reported polymorphs of BaTa2O6. The structure of the salt inclusion phase, [Ba3F]Ta4O12F, consists of slightly zig-zagging chains of trans corner-sharing (via O(3) and O(4)) TaO6 octahedra that corner-share their equatorial O(1) and O(5) oxygens with TaO5F octahedra to create the framework for the Ba3F salt inclusion. The stability of BaTa2O6 polymorphs was assessed using DFT calculations. The new hexagonal polymorph (ΔfH0 K of −2825.11 ​kJ/mol) has a higher energy than the other three known phases and is 49.17 ​kJ/mol higher than the orthorhombic polymorph.
Rayleigh-Darcy convection with hydrodynamic dispersion

Two-dimensional numerical simulations of high Rayleigh number convection in a porous medium explore the effect of increasing anisotropy of mechanical dispersion on the convective pattern and flux.