cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Choosing Surgical Birth: Personal Choice and Medical Jurisdiction

4 Introduction 5 Polarizing Feminist Frameworks 6 Undergoing CS: Individual Choice & Structural Reasons 12 Choosing CS 13 Fear for the self and fetus 13 Convenience and control 14 Preserving the body’s shape & function 16 Structural Reasons 17 Pressured and ill-informed 17 Medical practice and money 18 Physician issues 19 Theoretical Framework 20 Medicalization 20 Applying Structuration to Medicalization ,, 24 Methods 28 Secondary Data Analysis 29 Sample and Ethical Considerations 30 Procedure 31 Measures and Rationale 31 Survey Instrument 31 Running Head: STRUCTURE & AGENCY IN CS DELIVERIES 3 Vasquez Analysis Plan and Hypotheses 33 Results 34 Benefits and Limitations 36 Content Analysis 37 Sample and Ethical Considerations 38 Measures and Rationale 39 Content Analysis Instrument & Analysis Plan 39 Results 42 Benefits and Limitations 56 Summary and Implications 58 References 64 Running Head: STRUCTURE & AGENCY IN CS DELIVERIES 4
Older adults recently started on psychotropic medication: Where are the symptoms?

Objective The objective of this study is to understand the characteristics of older adults on newly prescribed psychotropic medication with minimal psychiatric symptoms. Methods Naturalistic cohort study of non-institutionalized older adults in Pennsylvania participating in the Pharmaceutical Assistance Contract for the Elderly. Persons newly prescribed antidepressant or anxiolytic monotherapy or combination therapy were contacted for clinical assessment by a telephone-based behavioral health service. The initial assessment included standardized mental health screening instruments and scales including the Blessed Orientation-Memory-Concentration test, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Medical Outcomes Survey (SF-12). In addition, patients were asked for their understanding of the prescription indication. Results Of the 254 participants who met minimal symptom criteria (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 < 5 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 < 5), women comprised slightly more of the anxiolytic compared with antidepressant monotherapy group (88.9% vs. 76.7%, p = 0.04). The most common self-reported reason for prescription of an antidepressant or anxiolytic was depression or anxiety, respectively, despite near-absence of these symptoms on clinical assessment. Comparing monotherapy to combination therapy groups, those with combination therapy were more likely to report a history of depression (12.6% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.001) and also report depression as the reason for the prescription (40.2% vs. 21.0%, p < 0.01). Conclusions In this sample of older adults on new psychotropic medication with minimal psychiatric symptoms, there are few patient characteristics that distinguish those on antidepressant versus anxiolytic monotherapy or those on monotherapy versus combination therapy. While quality of care in late-life mental health has focused on improving detection and treatment, there should be further attention to low-symptom patients potentially receiving inappropriate pharmacotherapy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Complexes VII. ISOLATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS IN THE DIHYDROLIPOYL TRANSACETYLASE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI

Abstract When dihydrolipoyl transacetylase is treated with iodoacetate in the presence of 7 m guanidine hydrochloride, a product is obtained which dissociates at pH 12 to yield material with an average molecular weight of approximately 36,000 as determined by sedimentation equilibrium analysis. Amino acid analysis, end group analysis, and peptide mapping after digestion with trypsin indicate that the enzyme consists of identical polypeptide chains. Each chain contains 1 molecule of covalently bound lipoic acid. The average molecular weight of the native transacetylase is approximately 1 million as determined by sedimentation equilibrium analysis. It appears that the transacetylase consists of 24 identical polypeptide chains and that these chains are linked by noncovalent bonds.
On the modeling and control of biological signaling chains

Sequential machines are proposed as mathematical models for biological signaling chains, a class of critical biochemical reactions that affect all live organisms. The problem of correcting malfunctions in such models is then addressed in the context of a model matching control problem. A solution is provided to the problem of model matching by static controllers.
Measurement of the tradeoff between intrinsic emittance and quantum efficiency from a NaKSb photocathode near threshold

We measure the tradeoff between the quantum efficiency and intrinsic emittance from a NaKSb photocathode at three increasing wavelengths (635, 650, and 690 nm) at or below the energy of the bandgap plus the electron affinity, hν≤Eg+Ea. These measurements were performed using a high voltage dc gun for varied photocathode surface fields of 1.4−4.4 MV/m. Measurements of intrinsic emittance are performed using two different methods and were found to agree. At the longest wavelength available, 690 nm, the intrinsic emittance was 0.26 μm/mm-rms with a quantum efficiency of ∼10−4. The suitability of NaKSb emitting at threshold for various low emittance applications is discussed.
ILLOCUTIONARY FORCE AND SEMANTIC CONTENT

Illocutionary force and semantic content are widelyheld to occupy utterly different categories in atleast two ways: (1) any expression serving as anindicator of illocutionary force must be withoutsemantic content, and (2) no such expression canembed. A refined account of the force/contentdistinction is offered here that (a) does theexplanatory work that the standard distinction does,while, in accounting for the behavior of a range ofparenthetical expressions, (b) shows neither (1) nor(2) to be compulsory. The refined account alsomotivates a development of the ``scorekeeping model'' ofconversation, helps to isolate a distinction betweenillocutionary force and illocutionary commitment, andreveals one precise respect in which meaning is onlyexplicable in terms of use.
Multicolor Photometry of the Galactic Cluster NGC 2362

U, B, V colors of CPD stars brighter than 12ṃ0 in the central region of NGC 2362. Color excess. Discussion of the distance modulus of the cluster.
Defining vitamin D status by secondary hyperparathyroidism in the U.S. population.

Background: Vitamin D is associated with a variety of health outcomes, but the exact definition of vitamin D sufficiency remains controversial. Aim: We sought to define skeletal-related vitamin D sufficiency by estimating maximum PTH suppression in the U.S. population. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003–2006. We examined the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) level and serum PTH level in 14, 681 participants aged ≥6 yr. We also evaluated the 25OHD-PTH association using 2 thresholds of hyperparathyroidism: PTH≥45 pg/ml and ≥75 pg/ml. Results: The mean 25OHD level was 24 ng/ml and mean PTH was 42 pg/ml. PTH≥45 pg/ml was present in 35% of the population, while PTH≥75 pg/ml was present in 7%. The prevalence of 25OHD levels <40 ng/ml and <30 ng/ml was 95% and 77%, respectively. In both unadjusted and adjusted models, there was a strong inverse relationship between 25OHD and PTH. Compared to 25OHD≥40 ng/ml, the 25OHD-PTH association was 2.36 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.08–2.67] times greater for 25OHD<5 ng/ml and 1.12 (95%CI, 1.07–1.17) times greater for 25OHD 30–39.9 ng/ml. Compared to 25OHD≥40 ng/ml, 25OHD levels of 20–29.9 ng/ml [odds ratio (OR) 2.0 (95%CI, 1.4–2.8)] but not 30–39.9 ng/ml [OR 1.1 (95%CI, 0.8–1.6)] were independently associated with PTH≥45 pg/ml. Conclusions: Optimal vitamin D status, defined by estimated maximum PTH suppression, does not occur until at least 25OHD levels ≥40 ng/ml. Using these thresholds, most of the U.S. population needs more vitamin D. Large, prospective studies are needed to determine optimal vitamin D supplementation.
Cervical esophageal cancer: a population-based study

Background The purpose of this study was to present our analysis of outcomes, prognostic factors, and treatment for cervical esophageal carcinoma using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods A query of the SEER database from 1998 to 2008 was performed for patients with nonmetastatic adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervical esophagus. Disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were calculated using Kaplan–Meier method, and predictive factors were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression. Results We identified 362 patients; 92% of the patients had SCC, 16% received no definitive therapy, 5% received surgery, 71% received radiation therapy (RT), and 8% received both. Chemotherapy data were not available. Median DSS was 49 months for adenocarcinoma and 15 months for SCC. On multivariate analysis, histology (p = .02), RT (p < .001), and surgery plus RT (p < .001) were associated with DSS. Conclusion Survival in patients with cervical esophageal carcinoma remains poor. Further studies should define the use of RT, surgery, and chemotherapy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 808–814, 2015
Estradiol modulates post-ischemic cerebral vascular remodeling and improves long-term functional outcome in a rat model of stroke

Abstract We previously observed that 17β-estradiol (E2) augments ischemic borderzone vascular density 10 days after focal cerebral ischemia–reperfusion in rats. We now evaluated the effect of E2 on vascular remodeling, lesional characteristics, and motor recovery up to 30 days after injury. Peri-lesional vascular density in tissue sections from rats treated with 0.72 mg E2 pellets was higher compared to 0.18 mg E2 pellets or placebo (P) pellets: vascular density index, 1.9 ± 0.2 (0.72 mg E2) vs. 1.4 ± 0.2 (0.18 mg E2) vs. 1.5 ± 0.4 (P), p = 0.01. This was consistent with perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of lesional relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF): 1.89 ± 0.32 (0.72 mg E2) vs. 1.32 ± 0.19 (P), p = 0.04. Post-ischemic angiogenesis occurred in P-treated as well as E2-treated rats. There was no treatment-related effect on lesional size, but lesional tissue was better preserved in E2-treated rats: cystic component as a % of total lesion, 30 ± 12 (0.72 mg E2) vs. 29 ± 17 (0.18 mg E2) vs. 61 ± 29 (P), p = 0.008. Three weeks after right middle cerebral artery territory injury, rats treated with 0.72 mg E2 pellets used the left forelimb more than P-treated or 0.18 mg E2-treated rats: limb use asymmetry score, 0.09 ± 0.43 (0.72 mg E2) vs. 0.54 ± 0.12 (0.18 mg E2) vs. 0.54 ± 0.40 (P), p = 0.05. We conclude that treatment with 0.72 mg E2 pellets beginning one week prior to ischemia/reperfusion and continuing through the one-month recovery period results in augmentation of lesional vascularity and perfusion, as well as improved motor recovery.
Synergizing in Cyberinfrastructure Development

This paper investigates the work of creating infrastructure, using as a case study the development of cyberinfrastructure for metagenomics research. Specifically, the analysis focuses on the role of embeddedness in infrastructure development. We expand on the notion of human infrastructure to develop the concepts of synergizing, leveraging, and aligning, which denote the active processes of creating and managing relationships among people, organizations, and technologies in the creation of cyberinfrastructure. This conceptual lens highlights how embeddedness is not only an important result of infrastructure development, but is also a precursor that can act as both a constraint and a resource for development activities.
Atomic structure in liquid selenium

Abstract Comparison of radial distribution functions of liquid selenium, amorphous selenium and crystalline selenium indicates a gradual loss of parallel chain-like configurations in the liquid at increasing temperatures.
Approximating polynomial functions by Feedforward Artificial Neural Networks: Capacity analysis and design

Polynomial functions are used in many applications. In this paper, we address the capacity of Feedforward Artificial Neural Networks (FANNs) in approximating polynomial functions. Instead of studying the capacity of a FANN with infinitely available hidden nodes, which was proved to be a universal approximator, we provide the capacity results of a FANN with finite hidden nodes in approximating polynomial functions. First, we show that there is a relationship between the capacity of a FANN in approximating polynomial functions and the number of hidden nodes used in the FANN. Then, we describe a procedure to realize a FANN in approximating polynomial functions. Two examples are given to show the procedure. Several experiments are reported which verifies that a FANN with a certain number of hidden nodes has the capability in learning given polynomial functions. An extension of the approach for solving multiple criteria decision making problems is discussed. The experiments also show that the proposed algorithm for training a FANN performs accurately.
Multichannel grazing-incidence spectrometer for plasma impurity diagnosis: SPRED

A compact vacuum ultraviolet spectrometer system has been developed to provide time-resolved impurity spectra from tokamak plasmas. Two interchangeable aberration-corrected toroidal diffraction gratings with flat focal fields provide simultaneous coverage over the ranges 100–1100 A or 160–1700 A. The detector is an intensified self-scanning photodiode array. Spectral resolution is 2 A with the higher dispersion grating. Minimum readout time for a full spectrum is 20 msec, but up to seven individual spectral lines can be measured with a 1-msec time resolution. The sensitivity of the system is comparable with that of a conventional grazing-incidence monochromator.
Correlation consistent, Douglas–Kroll–Hess relativistic basis sets for the 5 p and 6 p elements

New sets of all-electron correlation consistent triple- and quadruple-zeta basis sets have been developed for the 5p and 6p elements (In–Xe, Tl–Rn). For the 5p elements, the spin-free Douglas–Kroll–Hess (DKH) Hamiltonian truncated at second order was used, while for the 6p row, DKH3 was employed. The resulting cc-pVmZDK sets (m = T, Q) are designed to correlate the valence ns and np electrons, but both core–valence sets (cc-pwCVmZ-DK) for (n - 1)spd correlation and diffuseaugmented sets (aug-cc-pVmZ-DK) for weak interactions have also been included. Benchmark DKH CCSD(T) calculations were carried out on the atoms for their first ionization potentials and electron affinities. Coupled cluster calculations of the near-equilibrium potential energy functions of 18 selected diatomic molecules were also carried out to determine their spectroscopic and thermodynamic properties. These results are extensively compared to those obtained using the analogous aug-ccp( wC)VmZ-PP basis sets with their associated small-core pseudopotentials. For the quadruple-zeta quality basis sets, the mean unsigned differences were found to be just 1.4 mA for re, 0.7 cm-1 for xe, and 0.2 kcal/mol for De with corresponding maximum differences of 4.8 mA, 4.3 cm-1, and 0.7 kcal/mol, respectively. Using all-electron DKH calculations with the present basis sets as corrections to the pseudopotential approximation appears to be most accurate when (n - 1)d correlation is considered in both cases using aug-cc-pwCVQZ quality basis sets. The new DK basis sets exhibit similar basis set convergence toward the complete basis set (CBS) limit as the PP-based sets and hence should find utility in all-electron [T, Q] basis set extrapolations.
Effect of Feeding IsoC-4 and C-5 Volatile Fatty Acids as Ammonium Salts on Concentration of Free Volatile Fatty Acids in Milk

Abstract We developed and validated an analytical procedure for measuring low concentrations of isobutyric, isovaleric, 2-methylbutyric, and valeric acids in milk and to determine whether feeding of these compounds as ammonium salts would increase their concentrations in milk. Acids were supplied as an aqueous blend (73.5% solids) composed of 67.5% ammonium salts of isovaleric, 2-methyl-butyric, and valeric acids and 32.5% ammonium isobutyrate. Fifteen Holstein cows in early lactation were assigned to the following treatments of isoC-4 and C-5 ammonium salts ( g /cow per day anhydrous basis) added to a completely mixed basal diet: 0, 94, and 376. Milk samples were collected on days 32, 35, and 38 after feeding of ammonium salts commenced. Concentrations of isobutyric, isovaleric plus 2-methylbutyric, and valeric acids in milk were measured by the procedure, detailed in this paper, which enabled quantitation of low concentrations of these acids in milk. The procedure was validated by measured recovery of 100 ppb of each acid added to milk. Recoveries of acids (%) were isobutyric 82±10.3, isovaleric plus 2-methylbutyric 93±9.0, and valeric 105±12.0. Feeding acids did not increase their concentration in milk. Overall mean concentrations and ranges (ppb) in milk were isobutyric 37±15, 0 to 242; isovaleric plus 2-methylbutyric 58±8, 22 to 165; and valeric 39±6, 8 to 86.
RNA Molecules That Bind to and Inhibit the Active Site of a Tyrosine Phosphatase

Abstract Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) are essential proteins in many cellular processes. In vitroselection was used to evolve high affinity RNA aptamers to theYersinia PTPase from two random pools varying in length. Selected aptamers from the two different pools share a 21-residue conserved sequence. They bind to their target with dissociation constants of 18 and 28 nm and inhibit the enzyme with IC50 values of 10 and 35 nm, but do not bind a related PTPase. Modification of the PTPase’s active site cysteine with the alkylating agent iodoacetate results in a loss of binding affinity. These experiments suggest that the selected aptamers act by binding at or near the active site and might therefore be useful in defining the interactions between PTPases and their targets.
Feasibility of interval cytoreduction following neoadjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin, weekly paclitaxel, and bevacizumab for advanced ovarian cancer--a phase 1 study.

Objective The objective of this study was to determine a dosing schedule of neoadjuvant chemotherapy using carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab in women with advanced ovarian cancer, evaluating feasibility and outcomes from interval cytoreductive surgery (ICS). Methods Using a “3+3” design, eligible patients received carboplatin (area under the curve, 5) and bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) every 3 weeks with escalating doses of weekly paclitaxel (60, 70, and 80 mg/m2) for 3 cycles. Patients then received 1 cycle of chemotherapy without bevacizumab followed by ICS. The primary objective was to determine a feasible dosing schedule. Secondary objectives included defining toxicity, response rates based on imaging, and surgical outcomes defined by residual disease following ICS and 30-day postoperative outcomes. Results Nine patients were enrolled with a median age of 64 years. There were no dose-limiting toxicities, and weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 was deemed feasible. During chemotherapy treatment, there were a total of 7 attributable grade 3 toxicities, which most commonly included neutropenia and thromboembolism. All patients demonstrated a response on imaging before surgery, with a median reduction in disease of 56.4% (range, 36.9%–100%). Optimal ICS was performed in all patients, and 78% had no gross residual tumor. There were no intraoperative complications; however, 1 patient experienced an anastomotic leak (grade 4) 10 days after surgery requiring repeat operation. Conclusions A 4-cycle neoadjuvant regimen of carboplatin area under the curve of 5, weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m2, and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg for cycles 1 to 3, followed by interval cytoreduction, was feasible. Optimal ICS was achieved in all patients, and surgery was associated with acceptable morbidity.
Hypertriglyceridemia but not diabetes status is associated with VLDL containing apolipoprotein CIII in patients with coronary heart disease

High apoCIII concentration in apoB lipoproteins is a prominent component of atherogenic dyslipidemia, and explains the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) associated with high triglyceride (TG). We hypothesized that diabetic people have atherogenic dyslipidemia with apoCIII in excess of that accounted for by their high TG levels. We selected 30 diabetic and 30 nondiabetic persons, 15 of each with fasting TG B/160 mg/dl and 15 with TG ]/200 mg/dl. Using immunoaffinity chromatography and ultracentrifugation, we prepared large and small VLDL, IDL and LDL with or without apoCIII or apoE. The groups with TG ]/ 200 mg/dl, regardless of diabetes status, had higher concentrations of large and small VLDL particles with apoCIII and higher apoCIII concentrations than the groups with fasting TG B/160 mg/dl. The diabetes groups did not have higher concentrations of these lipoproteins than the nondiabetes groups within the same fasting TG criteria. In conclusion, high concentrations of apoCIIIcontaining VLDL are associated with hypertriglyceridemia, which may play a critical role in identifying the high risk of CHD in hypertriglyceridemic patients whether diabetic or nondiabetic. Diabetes status per se does not appear to be associated with high concentrations of apoCIII-containing TG-rich lipoprotein particles, if the plasma TG levels are similar. # 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Infrared Spectrum of the Methyl Radical in Solid Argon

Reaction between lithium atoms and methyl halides during condensation in solid argon at 15°K produces absorptions at 730.3 and 1383 cm−1 that can be attributed to the methyl radical CH3. Isotopic substitutions (CH3, CH2D, CHD2, CD3, 13CH3) and behavior on warming, during which ethane absorptions replace the methyl features, furnish convincing evidence for the assignment.Normal‐coordinate analysis shows that the 730‐cm−1 band is due to ν2, the out‐of‐plane bending mode of CH3 with a force constant of 0.25 mdyn/A. These calculations favor the planar structure and they exclude an equilibrium deviation from planarity in excess of 5°. The absorption at 1383 cm−1 is due to ν4, the in‐plane bending mode, with a force constant of 0.34 mdyn/A. The asymmetric stretching mode, ν3, was not detected.The out‐of‐plane bending force constants of D3h molecules can be correlated by separating the force constant into sigma‐ and pi‐bonding parts. This correlation leads to a prediction of the out‐of‐plane frequency of BH3, 59...
Disorders of vergence eye movements.

Purpose of reviewThe aim is to re-interpret disorders of vergence in the light of recent studies that view disjunctive eye movements as but one component of three-dimensional gaze control.Recent findingsMost natural eye movements combine vergence with saccades, pursuit and vestibular eye movements.
Why Are q and Q Used To Symbolize Heat

In response to a reader query, this article traces the origins of the use of q and Q to symbolize heat from 1834 to the present.
Evidence favoring the existence of two high molecular weight precursor forms of dog kidney renin.

Extraction of canine renal cortical tissue at pH 7.4 in the presence of the protease inhibitors diisopropylfluorophosphate (0.2 mM), Na2EDTA (7.8 mM), sodium tetrathionate (7.8 mM), N-ethyl maleimide (7.8 mM) yielded renin activity in two high molecular weight (HMW) forms, 65,000 (65K) and 55,000 (55K). Serial gel filtration chromatography of such extracts stored at 4 C showed that over the course of 2 days, activity at both 65,000 and 55,000 decreased almost entirely, while low molecular weight (LMW) activity at 41,000 (41K), not present immediately after extraction, had appeared in the extracts. The renin activity of the extract doubled over the first 24 h of storage and remained stable over the next 24 h. The activity of all three renin forms was comparably inhibited by antirenin antibodies. Our results support the concept that HMW renin(s) is a biological precursor of 41K renin. The new finding of a rennin form intermediate in apparent molecular weight between 65K and 41K renin suggests that proteolyt...
Queer Aging Bareback: A Ride with the Parthenon Sculptures

Lesbian, equestrian, and scholarly desires merge through riding, literally and figuratively, with the mounted Athenian soldiers portrayed in the Parthenon frieze. The aging embodied, affective experience of barebacking on a retired cavalry-trained horse offers a key to understanding the queerness of these naked white men’s riding performance.
Amide and α-keto carbonyl inhibitors of thrombin based on arginine and lysine: Synthesis, stability and biological characterization

Abstract We report structure-activity investigations in a series of tripeptide amide inhibitors of thrombin, and the development of a series of highly potent active site directed α-keto carbonyl inhibitors having the side chain of lysine at P1. Compounds of this class are unstable by virtue of reactivity at the electrophilic carbonyl and racemization at the adjacent carbon (CH). Modifications of prototype α-keto-ester 8a have afforded analogs retaining nanomolar Ki. Optimal potency and stability have been realized in α-keto-amides 11b (K i = 2.8 nM) and 11c (K i = 0.25 nM )
Maternity Betrayed: Circulating Images of English Motherhood in India, 1857-1858

In the spring and summer of 1857—throughout what was then denominated the Indian Mutiny and has come to be known variously as the Sepoy Rebellion, Indian Uprising, or First War for Indian Independe...
Perils of Using Hurricane Katrina to Teach Engineering Ethics

Katrina is a case the complexity of which makes it hard to use. It is also a case unlikely to repay the trouble of using it. According to IPET's current understanding of what happened, probably the final word, the engineering decision-making was probably too diffuse to make an interesting ethics case.
Time-sharing and batch-processing: an experimental comparison of their values in a problem-solving situation

An experimental comparison of problem-solving using time-sharing and batch-processing computer systems conducted at MIT is described in this paper. This study is the first known attempt to evaluate two such systems for what may well be the predominant user population within the next decade—the professionals who, as nonprogrammers, are using the computer as an aid in decision-making and problem-solving rather than as a programming end in itself.Statistically and logically significant results indicate equal cost for usage of the two computer systems; however, a much higher level of performance is attained by time-sharing users. There are indications that significantly lower costs would have resulted if the time-sharing users had stopped work when they reached a performance level equal to that of the batch users. The users' speed of problem-solving and their attitudes made time-sharing the more favorable system.
Short course of antibiotics for post-cesarean section endometritis

Although post-cesarean section endometritis is a common postoperative complication, little has been reported on the safety of short-course therapy, particularly in indigent populations. Our preliminary data on 25 indigent patients with ehdometritis treated only until 24 to 36 hours after defervescence suggest that courses of antibiotics need not routinely be continued for 7 to 10 days.
Gene-culture coevolution and the nature of human sociality.

Human characteristics are the product of gene–culture coevolution, which is an evolutionary dynamic involving the interaction of genes and culture over long time periods. Gene–culture coevolution is a special case of niche construction. Gene–culture coevolution is responsible for human other-regarding preferences, a taste for fairness, the capacity to empathize and salience of morality and character virtues.
Acoustic Model L-Band Aircraft Antenna Radiation Coverage Questions

The number and location of cavity-blocked T-slot antenna for a specified radiation coverage on F-102 aircraft were optimized using an acoustic airframe model, and a special 0.2 MHz (thickness mode) spherical transducer to model the antenna. The model results were verified using the full-scale electromagnetic field data obtained at 1775 MHz for circular polarization. This technique is inexpensive, easy and quick to implement, and as exact as the match between the radiation patterns of the transducer and the antenna it represents. Computer simulation usually yields approximate results since surface wave, shadow, and multiple scattering effects cannot be incorporated. Similarly high frequency R.F. modeling, when feasible, is sensitive to model surface roughness, and is not suited for studying antenna location effects.
Epistemic Entitlement and Luck

The aim of this paper is to defend a novel characterization of epistemic luck. Helping myself to the notions of epistemic entitlement and adequate explanation, I propose that a true belief suffers from epistemic luck iff an adequate explanation of the fact that the belief acquired is true must appeal to propositions to which the subject herself is not epistemically entitled (in a sense to be made clear below). The burden of the argument is to show that there is a plausible construal of the notions of epistemic entitlement and adequate explanation on which the resulting characterization of epistemic luck, though admittedly programmatic, has several important virtues. It avoids difficulties which plague modal accounts of epistemic luck; it can explain the conflicting temptations one can feel in certain alleged cases of epistemic luck; it offers a novel account of the value of knowledge, without committing itself to any particular analysis of knowledge; and it illuminates the significance for epistemology of the phenomenon of epistemic luck itself.
Low-energy neutrino detection and precision tests of the standard model

Abstract Direct detection of coherent neutrino scattering off of nuclei in acoustic detectors can provide a sensitive probe of the weak nuclear charge, thus providing a new probe of radiative corrections due to new physics above the weak scale. These measurements could in principle provide a sensitivity to new physics similar to that obtained by atomic parity violation experiments, but without the atomic theory uncertainties. This is compared to present limits on such physics incorporating recent LEP results.
Infections in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer treated with intensive induction chemotherapy

The records of 65 consecutive patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with intensive induction chemotherapy were reviewed to study the infectious complications during therapy and to analyze the relationship of the frequency of infections to various predisposing factors. A total of 44 infectious episodes were observed among 30 of the 65 patients. Of the 44 infections, 18 were microbiologically documented and 19 clinically. Seven (16%) infections were without microbiological or clinical documentation and were categorized as "possible" infections. Among the 18 microbiologically documented infections, fifteen (83%) were caused by bacteria and three by fungi. The most frequent bacteria identified in 11 (61%) of the 18 infections were gram-negative organisms, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most frequent. Eight of the 44 infections were associated with bacteremia and three with microbiologically documented pneumonias. There were three drug-related infectious deaths, two associated with bacteremia and one with possible infections. All 44 infectious episodes presented with WBC counts of less than 1,000/microliter, and 34 (79%) had WBC counts of less than 500/microliter. We observed that during therapy, patients with poor performance status (less than 80%) are at a much higher risk to develop infectious complications than those with good performance status (greater than 80%; p less than .001). Although encouraging responses with intensive chemotherapy have been reported for NSCLC in several studies, a major impact of chemotherapy on the survival of patients with this disease has yet not been established. Thus, intensive chemotherapy for NSCLC should remain an experimental treatment modality and should be offered only to patients with good prognostic factors such as those defined by pretreatment performance status.
Chloroquine-induced lipidosis mimicking Fabry disease

Intracellular accumulation of phospholipids may be a consequence of inherited or acquired metabolic disorders. In Fabry disease, deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A results in storage of globotriasylceramide in numerous cells including endothelium, striated muscle (skeletal, cardiac), smooth muscle, and renal epithelium among others; the ultrastructural appearance of the inclusions is of whorled layers of alternating dense and pale material ('zebra bodies' or myeline figures). Chloroquine therapy may result in storage of biochemically and ultrastructurally similar inclusions in many of the same cells as Fabry disease and often results in similar clinical manifestations. We report a 56-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis treated with chloroquine, who developed muscle weakness and renal insufficiency; information regarding therapy was not emphasized at the time of renal biopsy, leading to initial erroneous interpretation of Fabry disease. Following muscle biopsy, genetic and enzyme evaluation, and additional studies on the kidney biopsy, a diagnosis of chloroquine toxicity was established. One year following cessation of chloroquine, renal and muscle dysfunction greatly improved. In chloroquine toxicity, inclusions in glomeruli are not only in visceral epithelial, endothelial and mesangial cells but are in infiltrating monocytes/macrophages, which are most commonly present in the mesangium. Curvilinear bodies, the ultrastructural features of chloroquine toxicity in striated muscle, are not present in renal cells. This report documents differences in appearance, cells affected and morphological differential diagnostic features to distinguish these two entities.
Sleep complaints in late pregnancy and the recurrence of postpartum depression.

This study evaluated the relationship between sleep quality in late pregnancy and recurrence of postpartum major depression (PPMD) through 28 weeks postpartum. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at 36 weeks gestation was assessed in 51 non-depressed women with a history of PPMD; recurrence was determined by the 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Sleep quality in late pregnancy was not related to recurrence per se, but it was related to timing of recurrence (Kruskal–Wallace = 9.78, p = .008). Rapid recurrence (within 4 weeks post delivery) was preceded by fewer sleep complaints (mean PSQI for early recurrers = 4.8 vs. 7.3 for non-recurrers, p = .09). Recurrence after 4 weeks postpartum was preceded by more sleep complaints in late pregnancy (mean PSQI for late recurrers = 9.9 vs. 7.3 for non-recurrers, p = .02). Sleep quality in late pregnancy may help in identifying women at risk for a PPMD recurrence.
Simultaneous reconstruction of acoustic and optical properties of heterogeneous tissues by quantitative photoacoustic tomography

The optical and acoustic properties of heterogeneous media are recovered simultaneously using finite element-based reconstruction algorithm coupled with a scanning photoacoustic imaging system. The results show that the images obtained are quantitative in terms of the shape, size, location and optical and acoustic properties of the heterogeneities examined.
Bacterial growth laws reflect the evolutionary importance of energy efficiency.

We are interested in the balance of energy and protein synthesis in bacterial growth. How has evolution optimized this balance? We describe an analytical model that leverages extensive literature data on growth laws to infer the underlying fitness landscape and to draw inferences about what evolution has optimized in Escherichia coli. Is E. coli optimized for growth speed, energy efficiency, or some other property? Experimental data show that at its replication speed limit, E. coli produces about four mass equivalents of nonribosomal proteins for every mass equivalent of ribosomes. This ratio can be explained if the cell’s fitness function is the the energy efficiency of cells under fast growth conditions, indicating a tradeoff between the high energy costs of ribosomes under fast growth and the high energy costs of turning over nonribosomal proteins under slow growth. This model gives insight into some of the complex nonlinear relationships between energy utilization and ribosomal and nonribosomal production as a function of cell growth conditions.
Determination of the orientation of CuBi grain boundary facets using a photogrammetric technique

Abstract SEM examination of the fracture surfaces of CuBi bicrystals fractured intergranularly reveals a striking pattern of regular facet steps and striations. The morphology of the facet planes of two bicrystals is examined and, with the use of SEM photogrammetric technique, the orientation of the facet planes is determined. The results show that, despite the variety of facet morphologies observed within the same specimen, the facet planes belong to a small number of distinct families. However, their orientation is not related in a simple manner to the orientation of each single crystal, and it is also independent of the existence or lack of a coincidence site lattice (CSL) relationship.
On autonomous robots

Autonomous robots are the intelligent agents par excellence. We frequently define a robot as a machine that senses, thinks and acts, i.e., an agent. They are distinguished from software agents in that robots are embodied agents, situated in the real world. As such, they are subject both to the joys and sorrows of the world. They can be touched and seen and heard (sometimes even smelled!), they have physical dimensions, and they can exert force on other objects. These objects can be like a ball in the RoboCup or Mirosot robot soccer games, they can be parts to be assembled, airplanes to be washed, carpets to be vacuumed, terrain to be traversed or cameras to be aimed. On the other hand, since robots are agents in the world they are also subject to its physical laws, they have mass and inertia, their moving parts encounter friction and hence heat, no two parts are precisely alike, measurements are corrupted by noise, and alas, parts break. Of course, robots also contain computers, and hence they are also subject to the slings and arrows of computer misfortunes, both in hardware and software. Finally, the world into which we place these robots keeps changing, it is non-stationary and unstructured, so that we cannot predict its features accurately in advance.
The effect of chronic coronary sinus occlusion on the vascularity of the dog's myocardium

Abstract Dog hearts, after three years of graded coronary sinus occlusion, varying from slight to complete closure, did not exhibit the augmentation of the coronary arterial bed which has been demonstrated by others within a period of days to weeks after obturation of this vessel. On the contrary, myocardial vascularity appeared reduced, if anything, as a result of this procedure.
Biochemical Characterization of the aba2 and aba3 Mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana

Abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutants in a variety of species have been identified by screening for precocious germination and a wilty phenotype. Mutants at two new loci, aba2 and aba3, have recently been isolated in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (K.M. Leon-Kloosterziel, M. Alvarez-Gil, G.J. Ruijs, S.E. Jacobsen, N.E. Olszewski, S.H. Schwartz, J.A.D. Zeevaart, M. Koornneef [1996] Plant J 10: 655–661), and the biochemical characterization of these mutants is presented here. Protein extracts from aba2 and aba3 plants displayed a greatly reduced ability to convert xanthoxin to ABA relative to the wild type. The next putative intermediate in ABA synthesis, ABA-aldehyde, was efficiently converted to ABA by extracts from aba2 but not by extracts from aba3 plants. This indicates that the aba2 mutant is blocked in the conversion of xanthoxin to ABA-aldehyde and that aba3 is impaired in the conversion of ABA-aldehyde to ABA. Extracts from the aba3 mutant also lacked additional activities that require a molybdenum cofactor (Moco). Nitrate reductase utilizes a Moco but its activity was unaffected in extracts from aba3 plants. Moco hydroxylases in animals require a desulfo moiety of the cofactor. A sulfido ligand can be added to the Moco by treatment with Na2S and dithionite. Treatment of aba3 extracts with Na2S restored ABA-aldehyde oxidase activity. Therefore, the genetic lesion in aba3 appears to be in the introduction of S into the Moco.
A novel technique of analyzing multiexponential transients for DLTS spectra

Abstract A new method is presented here to experimentally decompose capacitance transients into the appropriate components from the closely-spaced deep trap states. Using the Temperature Dependent Pulsewidth-DLTS (TDP-DLTS) technique, we show that two closely-spaced DX centers in Se-doped Al 0.6 Ga 0.4 As laser diodes can be successfully separated. We produce an Arrhenius plot for each individual component, which yield the thermal activation energies, emission rates and capture cross sections of the two closely spaced traps. Without any complicated mathematics or program, TDP-DLTS provides an accurate, convenient and consistent method for decomposing the multiexponential transients of DLTS spectra.
The fundamental matrix in three-dimensional dissipative gasdynamics

Three-dimensional steady flow past a body placed in a uniform stream of viscous, thermally conducting fluid is considered within the framework of the Oseen approximation. Asymptotic forms for the fundamental matrix are obtained for both supersonic and subsonic flow. It is shown how the solution to the flow past a body may be obtained from the fundamental matrix, and that the fundamental matrix itself provides the far field flow.
Keynes on the Sources of Economic Growth

The major purpose of this paper is to call attention to an article by Keynes (1937) published in Eugenics Review the year following the publication of the General Theory, and which has been neglected in the literature on Keynes. The emphasis in the General Theory is on the short-run with given resources and a given state of technology. In his Eugenics Review article, Keynes examined the effects of a changing population upon savings and investment and the level of income and employment. He was thereby led on to an approach nearer to what might be regarded as growth theory than that of the General Theory. In this sense, Keynes' 1937 article may be viewed as supplementing the General Theory.
Foresight and courage: Levi Cooper Lane, MD, a model head and neck surgeon.

Objectives: To detail the life and achievements of Levi Cooper Lane, MD, author of the first American textbook on surgery of the head and neck. Methods: Literature search and analysis. Results/Conclusions: While some of Lane's observations have been diluted by the passage of time, the lessons imparted by his life and work merit continued study by contemporary head and neck surgeons.
Trading on Knowledge: The Iddin-Papsukkal Kin Group in Southern Babylonia in the 7th and 6th Centuries B.C.

The witness list in BM 113927 dated at Ur in 658 includes the names of a father and son who, on the basis of evidence from three colophons, can be shown to have been members of the Iddin-Papsukkal kin group. These men appear to have had their origins at Borsippa, were active in temple affairs at Ur, and they or their descendants may have become part of the personnel at the Eanna temple at Uruk. The author makes arguments concerning the identity of these men and then proposes a link between them and a lineage from the Iddin-Papsukkal kin group at Uruk. The author concludes with observations about the movements of scholars between temples in Babylonia.
An algorithm for covering polygons with rectangles

Decomposing a polygon into simple shapes is a basic problem in computational geometry, with applications in pattern recognition and integrated circuit manufacture. Here we examine the special case of covering a rectilinear polygon (or polyomino) with the minimum number of rectangles, with overlapping allowed. The problem is NP-hard. However, we give here an O(v2) algorithm for constructing a minimum rectangle cover, when the polygon is vertically convex. (Here v is the number of vertices.) The problem is first reduced to a 1-dimensional interval “basis” problem. In showing our algorithm produces an optimal cover we give a new proof of a minimum basis-maximum independent set duality theorem first proved by E. Gyori (J. Combin Theory Ser. B 37, No. 1, 1–9).
Agents help students in ProgrammingLand

ProgrammingLand is an online system for delivering content to introductory computer science courses as a substitute for a conventional textbook. Because the system has a large number of exhibits, sometimes students were not finding the material needed. The system was recently enhanced with several agents to direct students to pertinent locations. This paper discusses the capabilities and techniques of these agents.Preliminary data from the use of ProgrammingLand in two different introductory programming classes is discussed. This data suggests that the agents are successful in aiding students, especially those who are struggling.
Optimization of IIR filter coefficients from FIR filter taps by means field annealing

A technique for designing stable infinite impulse response (IIR) filters is introduced. An arbitrary order IIR filter can be designed which will very closely model the magnitude and the phase response of a finite impulse response (FIR) filter. Mean field annealing (MFA) is used to estimate the pole and the zero coefficients of the IIR filter. Due to the global optimization nature of the proposed technique, higher performance improvements can be obtained for the same filter order. In addition, the proposed technique will stay away from coefficients which cause the IIR filter to become unstable. >
Antiprotons and Positrons in Cosmic Rays

Antiproton flux in primary cosmic rays, calculating ratio of antiproton to positron production in nuclear collisions