cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stimulus-recognition and response-recall dependency in paired-associate learning

To test the hypothesis that overt associative responding may influence concurrent stimulus recognition decisions while controlling the problem of disproportionate representation of particular learning stages and items, two groups of subjects were given three trials on a paired-associate task. On a final test trial, one group made only stimulus recognition responses, while a second group made both stimulus recognition and associative matching responses. No differences between the groups were found, consistent with the notion of two methodologically separable stages of paired-associate learning, pre- and poststimulus recognition. Previous findings were replicated regarding (a) the dependency of associative recall upon stimulus recognition in paired-associate learning, (b) the role of the first letter in recognition of CCCs, and (c) the effect of M-value on correct recognition and on false recognition.
Guerrilla Employees: Should Managers Nurture, Tolerate, or Terminate Them?

“Guerrilla government” is Rosemary O'Leary's term for the actions of career public servants who work against the wishes—either implicitly or explicitly communicated—of their superiors. This form of dissent is usually carried out by those who are dissatisfied with the actions of public organizations, programs, or people, but typically, for strategic reasons, choose not to go public with their concerns in whole or in part. Rather than acting openly, guerrillas often move clandestinely behind the scenes, salmon swimming against the current of power. Guerrillas run the spectrum from anti-establishment liberals to fundamentalist conservatives, from constructive contributors to deviant destroyers. Three public managers with significant experience comment on O'Leary's thesis that guerrilla government is about the power of career bureaucrats; the tensions between career bureaucrats and political appointees; organization culture; and what it means to act responsibly, ethically, and with integrity as a public servant. Karl Sleight, former director of the New York State Ethics Commission; David Warm, executive director of the Mid-America Regional Council of Greater Kansas City; and Ralph R, Bauer, former deputy regional administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in the Seattle and Chicago regions, present unique perspectives on the “guerrilla” influence on policy and management, as well as the challenges posed by this ever-present public management phenomenon. Guerrilla: One who engages in irregular warfare especially as a member of an independent unit. —Webster's New College Dictionary, 2008
Regulation of anti-apoptotic signaling by Kruppel-like factors 4 and 5 mediates lapatinib resistance in breast cancer

The Kruppel-like transcription factors (KLFs) 4 and 5 (KLF4/5) are coexpressed in mouse embryonic stem cells, where they function redundantly to maintain pluripotency. In mammary carcinoma, KLF4/5 can each impact the malignant phenotype, but potential linkages to drug resistance remain unclear. In primary human breast cancers, we observed a positive correlation between KLF4/5 transcript abundance, particularly in the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched subtype. Furthermore, KLF4/5 protein was rapidly upregulated in human breast cancer cells following treatment with the HER2/epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, lapatinib. In addition, we observed a positive correlation between these factors in the primary tumors of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). In particular, the levels of both factors were enriched in the basal-like tumors of the C3(1) TAg (SV40 large T antigen transgenic mice under control of the C3(1)/prostatein promoter) GEMM. Using tumor cells derived from this model as well as human breast cancer cells, suppression of KLF4 and/or KLF5 sensitized HER2-overexpressing cells to lapatinib. Indicating cooperativity, greater effects were observed when both genes were depleted. KLF4/5-deficient cells had reduced basal mRNA and protein levels of the anti-apoptotic factors myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (BCL-XL). Moreover, MCL1 was upregulated by lapatinib in a KLF4/5-dependent manner, and enforced expression of MCL1 in KLF4/5-deficient cells restored drug resistance. In addition, combined suppression of KLF4/5 in cultured tumor cells additively inhibited anchorage-independent growth, resistance to anoikis and tumor formation in immunocompromised mice. Consistent with their cooperative role in drug resistance and other malignant properties, KLF4/5 levels selectively stratified human HER2-enriched breast cancer by distant metastasis-free survival. These results identify KLF4 and KLF5 as cooperating protumorigenic factors and critical participants in resistance to lapatinib, furthering the rationale for combining anti-MCL1/BCL-XL inhibitors with conventional HER2-targeted therapies.
Nonmetabolizable Glucose Compounds Impart Cryotolerance to Primary Rat Hepatocytes

We herein report a novel method for the cryopreservation of hepatocytes using a non-metabolizable glucose derivative in an attempt to mimic the natural cryoprotective adaptations observed in freeze-tolerant frogs. Primary rat hepatocytes were loaded with 3-O-methyl glucose (3OMG) through endogenous glucose transporters without evident toxicity. The 3OMG-loaded hepatocytes were then frozen in a controlled rate freezer down to –80°C and stored in liquid nitrogen at –196°C. Hepatocytes cryopreserved with a relatively small amount of intracellular 3OMG (<0.2 M) showed high post-thaw viability and maintained long-term hepatospecific functions, including synthesis, metabolism, and detoxification. Metabolite uptake and secretion rates were also largely preserved in the cryopreserved hepatocytes. This is the first study to demonstrate the use of the non-metabolizable glucose derivative 3OMG in hepatocyte cryopreservation.
Strategic Choice and Opinion Assignment On the U. S. Supreme Court: a Reexamination

UPREME COURT scholars are interested in opinion assignment on the Court because the justice who writes the Court's opinion has substantial control over its content. Four different researchers (Danelski, 1960; Ulmer, 1970; McLauchlan, 1972; and Rohde, 1972) examined four different data sets and found that some opinion assigners, in some kinds of cases overassigned the opinion to some categories of justices close to the dissenters (see Table 1). The most ambitious of the opinion assignment studies was the one conducted by Rohde. Rohde inspected the five-member decision coalitions in the orally argued civil liberties cases on the Warren Court and found that the marginal and pivotal justice was chosen to write a significantly greater share of the opinions of the Court than can be expected by chance. The marginal justice in a five-person decision coalition is the justice in the coalition who is ideologically closest to the minority, while a pivotal justice is the justice furthest away ideologically from the opinion assigner. Why is the pivotal and marginal justice favored in opinion assignment? We learn from Rohde that in civil liberties cases the opinion assigner seeks an opinion that conforms to his own ideological views and to achieve this end he usually assigns the opinion to himself or to a justice ideologically close to him. Therefore, when the opinion assigner designates the marginal and pivotal justice to author the Court's opinion he is depriving himself of a benefit. What might the opinion assigner get in return for giving up this
Applicability and limitations of MR tracking of neural stem cells with asymmetric cell division and rapid turnover: The case of the Shiverer dysmyelinated mouse brain

LacZ-transfected C17.2 neural stem cells (NSCs) were labeled with the superparamagnetic iron oxide formulation Feridex prior to ICV injection in shi/shi neonates. Feridex labeling did not alter cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Initially, MR images obtained at 11.7T correlated closely to NSC distribution as assessed with anti-dextran and anti-beta-galactosidase double-fluorescent immunostaining. However, at 6 days postgrafting there was already a pronounced mismatch between the hypointense MR signal and the histologically determined cell distribution, with a surprisingly sharp cutoff rather than a gradual decrease of signal. Positive in vivo BrdU labeling of NSCs showed that significant cell replication occurred post-transplantation, causing rapid dilution of Feridex particles between mother and daughter cells toward undetectable levels. Neural differentiation experiments demonstrated asymmetric cell division, explaining the observed sharp cutoff. At later time points (2 weeks), the mismatch further increased by the presence of non-cell-associated Feridex particles resulting from active excretion or cell death. These results are a first demonstration of the inability of MRI to track rapidly dividing and self-renewing, asymmetrically dividing SCs. Therefore, MR cell tracking should only be applied for nonproliferating cells or short-term monitoring of highly-proliferative cells, with mitotic symmetry or asymmetry being important for determining its applicability.
A plasma resonance in dileptons that signals Tc

Abstract In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, a resonance in the e + e − spectrum is discussed at an invariant mass M ≈ 0.2 T c (≈ 40 MeV for typical T c = 200 MeV). At q ⊥ ≥1 GeV the resonance will be well above the bremsstrahlung and Dalitz backgrounds.
The Achaian Vapheio Cup and Its Afterlife in Archaic South Italy

Summary. This article publishes an Archaic Greek cup of individual form from the extramural sanctuary of the Achaian colony of Sybaris at Francavilla Marittima in south Italy. The Francavilla cup, which is Achaian or Achaian-style, is fully discussed and similar Archaic cups from the site of Incoronata, near the Achaian apoikia of Metapontion, are assembled. These vessels find no immediate parallel among contemporary Greek or indigenous pottery of the seventh and earlier sixth centuries BC, but bear a remarkable similarity to the characteristic cylindrical, so-called Vapheio cups of the Aegean Bronze Age which are known in metal, clay and stone versions from as early as the Early Minoan III period through the Late Helladic era. It is argued that these cups represent the Archaic creation or re-creation of a well-known Bronze Age shape in the Achaian apoikiai of south Italy.
Isolation from lugworm (Arenicola cristata) of four proteases that activate cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

Abstract 1. 1. Four cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase-activating activities, designated as A, B, C and D, were isolated from lugworm, Arenicola cristata , by preparative flat-bed isoelectric focusing. Activators C and D were further purified by TSK 3000SW HPLC to homogeneity. 2. 2. Activators A, B, C, and D corresponded to pls of 4.4, 5.0, 5.2 and 5.4; their mol wts were estimated to be 36,200, 30,500, 30,200 and 28,300 respectively. 3. 3. The protease nature of these activities were confirmed by the inhibition by several trypsin inhibitors of their activation of phosphodiesterase and by their hydrolysis of TAME, a synthetic trypsin substrate. Only protease A also hydrolyzed BTEE, a chymotrypsin substrate.
Release of ribosome bound transfer RNA by enzymatic digestion of messenger RNA.

Abstract A factor other than G factor, which releases tRNA specific for phenylalanine (tRNAPhe) from the complex of ribosomes and polyuridylic acid has been purified and identified as either polynucleotide phosphorylase or ribonuclease II. The release is specific for unesterified tRNAPhe, and phenylalanyl-tRNA could not be released by digestion of polyuridylic acid. This is because phenylalanyl-tRNA, but not unesterified tRNAPhe, protects the ribosome-bound polyuridylic acid from digestion by these enzymes. Dissociation of ribosomes in the presence of the initiation factor (F3) does not take place if the ribosome contains bound tRNA. When tRNAPhe is removed from the ribosomal complex by ribonuclease II, through its digestion of polyuridylic acid, the initiation factor (F3) dissociates the 70-S ribosomes into 50-S and 30-S ribosomal subunits. tRNA, released from the ribosomal complex by these enzymes, retained its capacity to accept amino acid.
Instabilities of fluid conduits in a flowing earth — are plates lubricated by the asthenosphere?

Summary. A laboratory and theoretical study of the stability of conduits of buoyant fluid in a viscous shear flow has been conducted. The object of the study is to explain the formation of discrete islands in island chains such as the Hawaiian Emperor seamount chain, and to investigate a new method by which the variation of shear with depth in the mantle may be determined. The conduits were made by injecting oil into a more viscous oil of greater density. Initially a growing chamber of lower viscosity oil formed near the injector, but when the chamber got sufficiently large it rose as a buoyant spheroid. Behind this trailed a vertical cylindrical conduit through which fluid could continue to rise to the surface as long as the source continued. If the more viscous fluid was sheared laterally the conduit was gradually rotated to a more horizontal position. The diameter of the conduit increased with time due to a decreasing component of gravitational force along the axis of the conduit. When the conduit was tilted to more than 60" with the vertical, it began to go unstable by developing bumps which ultimately initiated a new chamber which rose to a new spot. In addition, if the Reynolds number of the conduit was greater than approximately ten, an axisymmetric wavy instability appeared in the walls of the conduit and the conduit had to be tilted less before a new chamber was initiated. If shear under the Pacific plate has to tilt buoyant mantle plumes to as much as 60" to form the relatively regular island chains associated with hot spots, most of the shear would be found in a zone with a vertical extent of less than 200 km.
Simulating moth wing aerodynamics - Towards the development of flapping-wing technology

The mechanization of flapping-wing flight is addressed. A tethered moth's flapping wings are simulated using an unsteady aerodynamic panel method and accounts for wing flexibility using a finite element model. The resultant simulation code delineates both the aerodynamic and inertial forces acting on flapping, flexible wings undergoing arbitrary motion in the presence of large-scale vortices and establishes the importance of including the wake in the unsteady analysis of flapping flexible wings. A switching pattern is discovered where the magnitude and direction of the aerodynamic force are decoupled, thereby pointing to a means whereby control is achieved. Overall, important groundwork necessary for the establishment of the principles of flapping-wing flight is laid, leading to the development of a highly agile, alternative flight technology.
3D microstructural characterization of nickel superalloys via serial-sectioning using a dual beam FIB-SEM

Abstract Dual beam focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopes are well suited for characterizing micron and sub-micron size microstructural features in three dimensions via serial-sectioning procedures. Importantly, these commercially-available instruments can be used to collect morphological, crystallographic, and chemical information throughout a serial-sectioning experiment. Selected examples are shown to demonstrate these capabilities.
The Impact on U.S. Society of Noise-Induced and Music-Induced Hearing Loss Caused by Personal Media Players

This article examines the effects noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and music-induced hearing loss (MIHL) may have on U.S. culture, with special attention given to such hearing loss that is associated with Personal Media Players (PMPs). With the advent of PMPs such as the iPod, hearing loss at a young age threatens to grow to alarmingly high proportions. The scale of total hearing loss in the United States is large enough to surprise most people; exceeding 10% of the population. The hearing loss landscape in U.S. culture today is very different from that of our grandparents'. Many new technologies such as PMPs have flooded our acoustical environment beyond any level previously imagined. What this article argues is that there is growing concern over, and statistical evidence of, both NIHL and MIHL due in some part to PMPs. The analysis further reveals ever-stronger correlations between the impact that hearing loss has on U.S. society regarding communication.
Infrared and Raman spectra and Urey—Bradley force fields for dithiocarbamate and dithiocarbamate- d2 anions. Use of a correlation matrix to determine force field uniqueness

Abstract The infrared and Raman spectra of ammonium and potassium salts of dithiocarbamate and dithiocarbamate- d 2 anions have been obtained and the nine in plane and three out of plane fundamental vibrational frequencies have been assigned for the anions in the C 2ν point group. A single least squares converged Urey—Bradley force field was developed for both isotopic species and was compared to force fields for metal complexed dithiocarbamates. Although 23 vibrational fundamentals were assigned a single unique set of 14 Urey—Bradley type force constants could not be found. This observation was attributed to a high degree of correlation in certain combinations of force constants. A matrix was generated from the least squares Jacobian matrix and the former matrix showed that the five force constants K CS , H SCS , H SCN , F SS and F SN were so highly correlated that any number of combinations of numerical values could be used for these force constants without raising the standard deviation of the entire observed—calculated frequency fit above 2.0%. The correlation matrix as a test for a unique force field is discussed and an alternate force field with repulsive force constants fixed at Lennard Jones potential values is presented.
P-adic linear groups with ergodic automorphisms

Letk be a locally compact, totally disconnected, nondiscrete field, and letG be a Lie group overk satisfying suitable conditions which depend on the characteristic ofk. It is shown thatG is compact if it admits a bicontinuous automorphism which is ergodic with respect to Haar measure.
Using the Integrative Research Project Approach to Facilitate Early Childhood Teacher Planning

One way to help preservice teachers to articulate and advocate their teaching stance is by developing their knowledge, skills, and confidence in their ability to carefully, didactically, and strategically plan for instruction. The Integrative Research Project (IRP) is a planning process that enables the preservice teacher to incorporate not only developmentally appropriate practices in an authentic inquiry-based planning process but also incorporate goals, objectives, and standards for learning. The IRP begins with the development of a research question. Then brainstorming is done to generate a secondary list of questions but using different viewpoints such as those of scientists, anthropologists, sociologists, researchers, teachers, musicians, artists, athletes, or kindergarten children. Preservice teachers also use the Internet and library in order to access a broader range of content information. A visual display, such as a table, curriculum wheel, or topic web, is developed in order to visually unders...
Paget's disease in pre‐contact Florida? Revisiting the Briarwoods site in Gulf coast Florida

This report presents results of a reanalysis addressing the presence of Paget's disease (Osteitis deformans) in the pre-contact Safety Harbour Briarwoods site (8PA66), a burial mound in Pasco County along Gulf coast Florida, dating around 1000–1500 AD. Due to the paucity of published histological and radiological analyses as well as the suspect nature of this Paget's disease report, a new study was conducted. The diagnosis was suspect for three reasons. First, the original diagnosis was based on five skeletal fragments from five different burials making the results questionable. Secondly, Paget's disease is very similar to treponemal disease and can possibly be misdiagnosed. The characteristic histological mosaic pattern found in Paget's disease provides the most definitive differential diagnosis. Thirdly, Paget's disease is found primarily in European populations and this is a pre-contact site. Histological sections from the suspected Pagetic bones were analysed for the presence of the mosaic pattern. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses were unable to support or deny the presence of Paget's disease due to the fragmentary nature of the skeletal elements as well as extensive diagenesis resulting from exposure to the environment. The presence of Paget's disease could not be confirmed or refuted at Briarwoods due to extensive taphonomic damage. However, it is suggested that the presence of treponemal disease should be investigated because although not originally reported, the presence of saber-shin tibiae consistent with this disease are present at this site. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management of dental extractions in irradiated jaws: A protocol with hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Dental management of patients who are about to receive, or who have completed a course of therapeutic radiation involving the jaws, remains a perplexing problem. The center of debate is whether to extract teeth before radiation therapy or to manage them more conservatively and preserve the dentition to the greatest extent possible. The principal concern in this debate is how to minimize the risk of developing the mosl destructive complication associated with head and neck radiation, osteoradionecrosis (ORN). Tumoricidal levels of irradiation damage all tissues exposed. The accepted cause of ORN is progressive obliterative endarteritis and fibrosis resulting in hypovascular, hypocellular, and hypoxic tissues that can necrose spontaneously or in response to trauma. The incidence of ORN after radiation is reported to be widely different in several studies, ranging between 2% and 85Y0.‘~~ The causal relationship between dental extractions and ORN has been discussed by several authors.‘-“ Beumer et al” reported that the most common factors associated with ORN were postradiation extractions (26.5%), spontaneous bone exposure associated directly with the dentition secondary to dental disease (22.8%), and preradiation extractions (20.4%). In
Magnetic Field Measurement and Spectroscopy in Multipole Fields

The magnetic field measurements in multipole magnetic fields, which are used to measure magnetic field parameters in the strong-focusing lenses for the Stanford two-mile linear accelerator, will be reviewed. Specifically, the theory and the measurement processes used to determine such important parameters as the magnetic center in multipoles, the length of the gradient fields, and the harmonic content in strong-focusing lenses will be described. The results of these accurate measurements will be related to the optical parameters of the multipole lenses.
Sodium Cation Affinities of MALDI Matrices Determined by Guided Ion Beam Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Application to Benzoic Acid Derivatives†

Threshold collision-induced dissociation of Na(+)(xBA) complexes with Xe is studied using guided ion beam mass spectrometry. The xBA ligands studied include benzoic acid and all of the mono- and dihydroxy-substituted benzoic acids: 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-, and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. In all cases, the primary product corresponds to endothermic loss of the intact xBA ligand. The cross section thresholds are interpreted to yield 0 and 298 K bond dissociation energies (BDEs) for Na(+)-xBA after accounting for the effects of multiple ion-neutral collisions, internal and kinetic energy distributions of the reactants, and dissociation lifetimes. Density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory are used to determine the structures of these complexes and provide the molecular constants necessary for the thermodynamic analysis of the experimental data. Theoretical BDEs are determined at the B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,2p) and MP2(full)/6-311+G(2d,2p) levels using the B3LYP/6-31G* optimized geometries. The trends in the measured BDEs suggest two very different binding modes for the Na(+)(xBA) complexes, while theory finds four. In general, the most stable binding conformation involves the formation of a six-membered chelation ring via interaction with the carbonyl and 2-hydroxyl oxygen atoms. The ground state geometries of the Na(+)(xBA) complexes in which the ligand does not possess a 2-hydroxyl group generally involve binding of Na(+) to either the carbonyl oxygen atom or to both oxygen atoms of the carboxylic acid group. These binding modes tend to be competitive because the enhancement in binding associated with the chelation interactions in the latter is mediated by steric repulsion between the hydroxyl and ortho hydrogen atoms. When possible, hydrogen bonding interactions with the ring hydroxyl group(s) enhance the stability of these complexes. The agreement between the theoretical and experimental BDEs is quite good for B3LYP and somewhat less satisfactory for MP2(full).
SU‐E‐T‐645: Beam Selection for 4Pi Non‐Coplanar Converging (4PiNC) Delivery Using a Genetic Algorithm (GA)

Purpose: To develop a GA for selecting 4PiNC beams that optimize the planning target volume (PTV) coverage and organ at risk (OAR) sparing. Methods: A simple treatment planning system was implemented for studying 4PiNC beam delivery. In this system, 4PiNC beams were delivered in a conical fashion where the cone angle was the angle between the central axis of the beam and the transverse iso‐plane. We used an ideal spherical phantom with a radius of 10 cm. The 4PiNC beams consisted of 263 beams on 9 (0°, ±20°, ±40°, ±60°, ±80°) cones. The PTV was a sphere (radius=1.4cm) centered at the isocenter and the OAR was another sphere (radius=2cm) 3mm apart from the PTV. The dose in each voxel was calculated using the output factors, tissue‐maxima ratios and off‐axis ratios of a 6MV beam. An GA was developed to select the beams by minimizing a cost function of important factors including conformity index and maximal OAR doses. For each generation, the GA produces a number of offspring by randomly turning on or off a group of randomly selected beams from the parent. The cost function for each offspring is evaluated and the offspring with the minimum cost function is selected as the parent for the next generation. This process is repeated until all preset constraints are met. Results: For the PTV only case the GA selected 165 out of total 263 beams that minimized the conformity index to 1.00. With the OAR, 130 out of total 263 beams were selected for producing the best conformity index, 1.10 while maintaining the maximal OAR dose within acceptable levels. Conclusion: We have developed a GA for 4PiNC beam selection and demonstrated that a subset of the 4PiNC beams are sufficient for optimal PTV coverage and OAR sparing. This work was partially supported by a DOD grant DOD W81XWH1010862.
Growth hormone-releasing hormone-like messenger ribonucleic acid and immunoreactive peptide are present in human testis and placenta.

Although the sequence of human GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) has been determined, all of the information concerning gene expression has been based on pathological sources of ectopic GHRH, since the only established physiological source of GHRH in humans is the hypothalamus. We recently reported the presence of extrahypothalamic GHRH-like mRNA and immunoreactive material in rat testis and placenta. To determine if human testis and placenta also contain immunoreactive GHRH-like peptides, tissue extracts were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methodology. Both tissues had detectable quantities of immunoreactive peptide recognized by a monoclonal antibody to synthetic human GHRH-(1-44) (testis, 2.4 ng/g tissue, 0.68 ng/mg protein; placenta, 2.6 ng/g tissue, 0.36 ng/mg protein). The origin of these peptides was confirmed by extracting total RNA from human testis and placenta, with analysis on Northern blots probed with riboprobes for rat hypothalamic GHRH cDNA and human pancreatic tumor GHRH cDNA....
Representation of electronic structures in crystals in terms of highly localized quasiatomic minimal basis orbitals

A method is presented for expressing electronic orbital states of a periodic solid in terms of a minimal basis set of localized quasiatomic orbitals. While spanning exactly the same occupied subspace as the orbitals determined by a fully converged first-principles calculation with a large basis set, the minimal-basis orbitals from this work are highly localized on atoms and exhibit shapes close to orbitals of the isolated atom. They are also shown to be useful for analyzing chemical bonding in periodic systems. All of these features are found for insulating as well as metallic solids.
Transcription of latent Epstein--Barr virus genomes in human epithelial/Burkitt hybrid cells.

Abstract Transcription of latent Epstein-Barr virus genomes in somatic cell hybrids of Burkitt lymphoblastoid cells has been studied. D98/HR-1, D98/Raji, and Raji cells contained viral RNA transcribed from approximately 25% of virus DNA. After iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) induction 50% of virus DNA was found transcribed in these three cell lines. Raji cells, however, showed production of early antigens (EA) only, whereas the two other cell lines produced both EA and virus capsid antigens, suggesting that there may be some post-transcriptional control in Roji cells after IUdR induction. The amount of virus RNA in the cells calculated from DNA-RNA hybridization kinetics was proportional to the number of virus genomes per cell. This suggests that a constant fraction of the multiple copies of virus DNA is transcribed in the three different cell systems.
Phospholipid and Phospholipid Metabolites in Rat Frontal Cortex Are Decreased following Nucleus Basalis Lesionsa

Membrane phospholipid metabolism is abnormal in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine levels are decreased as are choline and ethanolamine, while glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and glycerophosphoethanolamine are increased. To develop a rat model for these changes, we examined the effects of unilateral lesion of the cholinergic nucleus basalis (nBM) with ibotenic acid (10 mg/ml in PBS, 0.5 microliter) and sham lesion on frontocortical phospholipid, choline and GPC. After one week, choline acetyltransferase activity in frontal cortex was decreased (26%, p < 0.005, n = 14) on the nBM ibotenate-lesion side relative to the contralateral side, while there were no differences following the nBM sham-lesion. Levels of membrane phospholipids (nmol/mg protein) in adjacent frontal cortex sections exhibited concomitant decreases (13%, p < 0.05, n = 14) on the nBM ibotenate-lesion side, while there were no differences following the nBM sham-lesion. Tissue nBM ibotenate-lesion frontocortical choline and GPC levels were also decreased relative to those in control tissue (choline: 21%, p < 0.05, n = 14; GPC: 10%, p < 0.05, n = 14), while nBM sham-lesion showed no effect. Muscarinic receptor sensitivity in frontal cortex following nBM ibotenate-lesion was increased, as measured by carbachol-stimulated inositol phosphate production (p < 0.001, n = 12), indicating that increased receptor mediated phospholipid hydrolysis in cortex may occur following nBM ibotenate-lesion. These data suggest that impaired cholinergic transmission alters phospholipid metabolism in cholinergic target regions.
Failure of extra-embryonic progenitor maintenance in the absence of dosage compensation.

Proper regulation of X-linked gene expression, termed dosage compensation, is required for the normal development of mammalian embryos. Through the process of X chromosome inactivation (XCI), somatic cells of mammalian females inactivate one of their two X chromosomes in order to balance X-linked gene dosage with their male counterparts. The process of XCI is dependent upon the long non-coding RNA Xist, which is expressed from and coats the inactivated X chromosome (Xi) in cis. During mouse embryogenesis, imprinted XCI inactivates the paternally inherited X chromosome (Xp) within the extra-embryonic lineages. Consequently, females harboring a paternally derived Xist mutation (X/XXist–) die owing to failure of imprinted XCI and, presumably, poor trophoblast development. Here, we investigate the consequence of two active X chromosomes in the extra-embryonic ectoderm (ExE) of X/XXist– female embryos. At embryonic day (E) 6.5, we find that the X/XXist– ExE lacks the transcriptional regulator CDX2, a factor required to maintain the ExE in a progenitor state. In addition, spongiotrophoblast progenitors are not maintained. Surprisingly, we observe evidence of an Xi in a subpopulation of X/XXist– ExE cells. We demonstrate further that trophectodermal stem cells derived from X/XXist– embryos completely reverse normal imprinted XCI patterns. Taken together, our data suggest that, much like in the cells of the epiblast, the initial imprint that establishes imprinted XCI is probably erased in ExE cells. Conversely, unlike the epiblast, in which XCI is not required for progenitor cell maintenance, we demonstrate that dosage compensation is indispensable for the maintenance of trophoblast progenitors.
ODTLES: A multi-scale model for 3D turbulent flow based on one-dimensional turbulence modeling

Abstract A novel multi-scale approach for extending the one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) model of [A.R. Kerstein. One-dimensional turbulence: model formulation and application to homogeneous turbulence, shear flows, and buoyant stratified flows, J. Fluid Mech. 392 (1999) 277] to treat turbulent flow in three-dimensional (3D) domains is described. In this model, here called ODTLES, 3D aspects of the flow are captured by embedding three, mutually orthogonal, one-dimensional ODT domain arrays within a coarser 3D mesh. The ODTLES model is obtained by developing a consistent approach for dynamically coupling the different ODT line sets to each other and to the large scale processes that are resolved on the 3D mesh. The model is implemented computationally and its performance is tested by performing simulations of decaying isotropic turbulence at two different Reynolds numbers and comparing to the experimental data of [H. Kang, S. Chester, C. Meneveau. Decaying turbulence in an active-grid-generated flow and comparisons with large-eddy simulations, J. Fluid Mech. 480 (2003) 129; G. Comte-Bellot, S. Corrsin, Simple Eulerian correlation of full-and narrow band velocity signals in grid-generated ’isotropic’ turbulence, J. Fluid Mech. 48 (1971) 273].
Evaluation of the errorless learning technique in children with traumatic brain injury.

Abstract Landis J, Hanten G, Levin HS, Li X, Ewing-Cobbs L, Duron J, High WM Jr. Evaluation of the errorless learning technique in children with traumatic brain injury. Objective To compare errorless learning with trial-and-error (TE 7-day retention was better with errorless learning in young children with mild TBI. Seventy-seven-day retention revealed an advantage for errorless learning in younger children with severe TBI. Conclusions Findings did not support errorless learning as a generalized intervention for learning difficulties after TBI or identify specific age- or injury-severity groups that benefited from this technique.
A CHO strain producing high-level human IL-6 with the 3' deletion construct.

Abstract A Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) strain producing high-level human interleukin 6 (IL-6) was obtained, by introduction of the IL-6 cDNA from which the 3′ AU-rich region was deleted. The IL-6 mRNA of this strain was stable. The productivity was more than 15 times higher than the previously obtained clone, which has intact IL-6 cDNA in the same expression vector. This strain produced IL-6 at a high level of 30 μg ml −1 in batch culture, or a continuous 20 μg per 10 6 cells per day in microcarrier cultivation.
Propagated subthreshold oscillatory response and classical electrotonic response of squid giant axon.

The small-signal subthreshold response of the excised squid giant axon to an internal point source of current is oscillatory and propagates with decrement at a velocity close to the spike velocity.
IV vs. IA TPA in acute ischemic stroke with CT angiographic evidence of major vessel occlusion: a feasibility study.

Studies suggest that stroke patients with thrombus in a major cerebral vessel respond less favorably to intravenous (IV) thrombolysis. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of a protocol comparing IV versus intra-arterial (IA) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) in an acute ischemic stroke with major vessel occlusion. Consecutive ischemic stroke patients presenting <3 h from symptom onset with major vessel occlusion on CT angiogram (CTA) were randomly assigned to IV TPA (per NINDS protocol) or IA TPA (22 mg over 2 h). Demographics, times to presentation and thrombolysis, presenting NIH stroke scale (NIHSS) and 90-day NIHSS, Barthel Index, and modified Rankin Scale were recorded. CT-scans at 24-h were reviewed for presence of hemorrhage. Recanalization was determined by post-procedure MR angiograms, which are obtained the day after thrombolytic therapy. Seven patients (median NIHSS = 16) were randomized to IV (N = 4) or IA (N = 3) TPA. There were no significant differences in the presentation NIHSS, time to presentation, or time to treatment between the two groups. Hemorrhage was noted in one patient in the IA group (asymptomatic) and one patient in the IV group (symptomatic). Recanalization was seen in all patients treated with IA TPA and none treated with IV TPA (P = 0.03, Fisher’s Exact test). We found that it is feasible to conduct a trial comparing IV vs. IA TPA in ischemic stroke patients with major vessel occlusion presenting <3 h from onset. Patients treated with IA TPA showed a trend toward higher rate of recanalization. A larger trial may be designed to test safety and effectiveness of IA TPA in this specific group of stroke patients.
Pediatric vascular injury: experience of a level 1 trauma center

BACKGROUND: Our purpose was to analyze modern major vascular injury (MVI) patterns in pediatric trauma, interventions performed, and outcomes at a level 1 trauma center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2000-December 2012, all pediatric admissions (RESULTS: Of 1928 pediatric admissions, 103 (5.3%) sustained MVI. This cohort was 85% male, age 15 +/- 3 y, 55% black, 58% penetrating, injury severity score of 23 +/- 15, with a length of stay of 8 (5) days. Firearm-related injury (47%) was the most common mechanism. Location of injuries included the extremities (50.5%), abdomen/pelvis (29.1%), and chest/neck (20.4%). Operative procedures included repair/bypass (71.4%), ligation (12.4%), amputation (10.5%), or temporary shunt (2.9%). Only three injuries (2.9%) were treated endovascularly. MVI patients had a mortality rate of 19.4%, higher than the overall pediatric trauma population of 3.5% (P CONCLUSIONS: MVI in children more commonly results from firearm-related injury. The mortality rate associated with MVI is profoundly higher than that of the overall pediatric trauma population. These findings underscore the major public health concern of firearm-related injury in children. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Language: en
Acute, Subchronic, and Chronic Exposure to a Simulated Urban Profile of Ozone: Effects on Extrapulmonary Natural Killer Cell Activity and Lymphocyte Mitogenic Responses

AbstractRats were exposed for 7, 3, 73, 52, or 78 wk to air or a simulated urban profile of O3 designed to mimic diurnal exposure patterns frequently seen in worst-case summer environments. Daily exposures consisted of a background level of 0.06 ppm for a period of 73 h, a broad exposure spike rising from 0.06 to 0.25 ppm and returning to 0.06 ppm over 9 h, and a 2 h downtime. Integration of the spike portion of the exposure pattern was equivalent to a 9-h square-wave exposure pattern of 0.79 ppm. Rats were exposed to this profile 5 days/wk; weekend exposures were to background levels only Spleens were removed and blood was drawn at the end of the exposure periods. Spleen cells were assessed for natural killer cell (NKC) activity and responses to T-cell mitogens, phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A, and the B-cell mitogen, Salmonella typhimurium glycoprotein. Peripheral blood leukocytes (PSU were also assessed for responses to T-cell mitogens. Sections from spleen, femur (including bone marrow), thymus,...
SLAC, a complex between Sla1 and Las17, regulates actin polymerization during clathrin-mediated endocytosis

During clathrin-mediated endocytosis, branched actin polymerization nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex provides force needed to drive vesicle internalization. Las17 (yeast WASp) is the strongest activator of the Arp2/3 complex in yeast cells; it is not autoinhibited and arrives to endocytic sites 20 s before actin polymerization begins. It is unclear how Las17 is kept inactive for 20 s at endocytic sites, thus restricting actin polymerization to late stages of endocytosis. In this paper, we demonstrate that Las17 is part of a large and biochemically stable complex with Sla1, a clathrin adaptor that inhibits Las17 activity. The interaction is direct, multivalent, and strong, and was mapped to novel Las17 polyproline motifs that are simultaneously class I and class II. In vitro pyrene-actin polymerization assays established that Sla1 inhibition of Las17 activity depends on the class I/II Las17 polyproline motifs and is based on competition between Sla1 and monomeric actin for binding to Las17. Furthermore, live-cell imaging showed the interaction with Sla1 is important for normal Las17 recruitment to endocytic sites, inhibition during the initial 20 s, and efficient endocytosis. These results advance our understanding of the regulation of actin polymerization in endocytosis.
Factors related to sucking ability in healthy newborns.

Objective To identify maternal, infant, and environmental factors related to newborn sucking ability. Design Prospective, descriptive, exploratory study using a convenience sample. Setting Normal newborn nursery in an urban tertiary-care medical center. Participants Two hundred three healthy newborns admitted to the normal newborn nursery after delivery. The newborns were between 30 minutes and 11 hours of age, and between 34 and 42 weeks gestation. Main Outcome Measures This study examined 15 variables related to newborn sucking ability: infant state, age, gestational age, Apgar scores, birth weight, labor medications, type of delivery, elapsed time since last feeding, infant sex, perinatal complications, infant vital signs, birth resuscitation, clothing, room temperature, and length of labor. Sucking ability was measured by the Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS). Results The variables of gestational age, weight, and state were positively correlated with sucking ability (NOMAS scores). Newborn’s age postdelivery and minutes to the quiet alert state were inversely correlated with sucking ability. Conclusions Newborn weight and gestational age are related to sucking ability. Younger newborns had better sucking ability than did older newborns.
LORD: A Localized, Reactive and Distributed Protocol for Node Scheduling in Wireless Sensor Networks

The lifetime of wireless sensor networks can be increased by minimizing the number of active nodes that provide complete coverage, while switching off the rest. In this paper, we propose a distributed and scalable node-scheduling algorithm that conserves overall system energy by minimizing the number of active nodes, localizing the execution to the dying sensor(s), and minimizing the frequency of execution by reacting only to the occurrence of a sensing hole. This effects an increased system lifetime while maintaining coverage over an application-defined threshold value. We compare our algorithm to a network with a centralized node-scheduling algorithm. Our results show equivalent coverage degree over a wide range of sensor networks.
Laparoscopic needle-assisted inguinal hernia repair in 495 children.

Minimally invasive surgery for inguinal hernia repair in children has been a controversial topic for pediatric surgeons. Our method for inguinal hernia repair using laparoscopic techniques has comparable outcomes to the standard open technique. We describe our technique and experience with the laparoscopic needle-assisted repair of inguinal hernia (LNAR). We report 502 cases (710 hernias) from 2009 to 2013 by 3 surgeons. We reviewed our prospectively collected outcomes database of all patients receiving LNAR from 1/2009 to 3/2013. 502 cases in 495 patients <13 years old with 710 inguinal hernias were identified for analysis and review. Hernia repair is accomplished with a single-port needle-assisted technique. After identification of a patent processus vaginalis, the internal ring is encircled in an extraperitoneal plane using a 22G-Touhy needle for placement of a purse-string suture, tied extracorporally, and buried beneath the skin. The technique was standardized for all cases. 710 inguinal hernias were laparoscopically repaired in 495 patients (408 boys and 87 girls) age range 11 days to 12.8 years (mean 29.2 months; median 15.5 months). 294 patients had unilateral repair (199R and 95L) and 208 had bilateral repair. Mean operating time for unilateral was 20.5 min, and bilateral was 26.4 min. 21 minor complications were identified (9 superficial wound infections, 8 suture granulomas, and 4 recurrent hydroceles) and 4 recurrences. Mean time since surgery is 30 months (3–54 months). Mean follow-up was 10.7 months (0.3–38.4 months). Post-operative data show our technique is safe with a 4 % rate of minor complication. Recurrence rate was 0.56 % for the total number of hernias (4/710). This recurrence rate is comparable and in many cases less than open technique. Furthermore, laparoscopy objectively identifies asymptomatic or occult contralateral defect, uses a smaller incision, and eliminates dissection of the cord structures potentially reducing the risk of cord injury.
Inhibition of Src Family Kinases Blocks Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-induced Activation of Akt, Phosphorylation of c-Cbl, and Ubiquitination of the EGF Receptor

Stimulation of T47D cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) results in the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinases of the receptor and the phosphorylation of multiple cellular proteins including the receptor, scaffold molecules such as c-Cbl, adapter molecules such as Shc, and the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt. We demonstrate that EGF stimulation of T47D cells results in the activation of the Src protein-tyrosine kinase and that the Src kinase inhibitor PP1 blocks the EGF-induced phosphorylation of c-Cbl but not the activation/phosphorylation of the EGF receptor itself. PP1 also blocks EGF-induced ubiquitination of the EGF receptor, which is presumably mediated by phosphorylated c-Cbl. Src is associated with c-Cbl, and we have previously demonstrated that the Src-like kinase Fyn can phosphorylate c-Cbl at a preferred binding site for the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase. PP1 treatment blocks EGF-induced activation of the anti-apoptotic protein kinase Akt suggesting that Src may regulate activation of Akt, perhaps by a Src --> c-Cbl --> phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase --> Akt pathway.
Survey of Shape Parameterization Techniques for High-Fidelity Multidisciplinary Shape Optimization

A survey is provided of shape parameterization techniques formultidisciplinary optimization, and some emerging ideas are highlighted. The survey focuses on the suitability of available techniques for multidisciplinary applications of complex cone gurations using high-e delity analysis tools such as computational e uid dynamics and computational structural mechanics. The suitability criteria are based on the efe ciency, effectiveness, ease of implementation, and availability of analytical sensitivities for geometry and grids. A section on sensitivity analysis, grid regeneration, and grid deformation techniques is also provided.