cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Forced Axisymmectric Motion of Shallow Spherical Shells

A formal solution is presented for the dynamic response of a shallow spherical shell under axisymmetric but otherwise arbitrarily distributed, time-dependent surface tractions, for arbitrary initial conditions and (admissible) homogeneous boundary conditions. The solution is obtained in terms of the eigen-functions associated with the free vibration of the shell, and appropriate orthogonality and normalization conditions are formulated. The free vibration problem for a clamped shell is solved, and an example of shell response to a transient loading condition is presented. The theoretical development and its application are carried out within the framework of a theory which accounts for the effect of shear deformation and rotatory inertia. A comparison with the theory which neglects these effects is presented. Significant differences in the predictions of the two theories are noted.
A simple approach to quantifying the noise–ENSO interaction. Part I: deducing the state-dependency of the windstress forcing using monthly mean data

Stochastic forcing has been used conceptually to explain ENSO irregularity. More recently, the concept of state-dependent stochastic forcing has also been explored to further explain a number of ENSO properties. Here we propose a method using monthly mean data to isolate “the stochastic part” in the zonal windstress anomalies as the residual after both the linear and low-order nonlinear parts of the deterministic ENSO signal are removed. We then further use a conditional variance approach to quantify the ENSO state-dependency in this stochastic forcing represented by this windstress residual. This methodology of isolation and quantification of state-dependent stochastic forcing is demonstrated and validated in a conceptual model and then applied to examine reanalysis and two coupled model data sets. The stochastic windstress forcing term is shown to be dependent on the ENSO state both in the reanalysis and the model data. Both of the coupled model simulations examined here have a stronger the state-dependence than in the reanalysis data. These results also reveal a threshold dependence on SST for the windstress stochastic forcing of ENSO, likely due to the nonlinearity in atmospheric convection.
MIST: Microscopy Image Stitching Tool

Motivation: Automated microscopy enables scientists to image an area of an experimental sample that is much larger than the microscope's Field of View (FOV) and to carry out time-lapse studies of cell cultures. An automated microscope acquires these images by generating a grid of partially overlapping images. This process generates hundreds to hundreds of thousands of image tiles that need to be stitched into a wide image. We address the problem of creating image mosaics from a grid of overlapping tiles constrained to only translational offsets. The challenges of creating a large mosaic image are: (1) sensitivity to image features in the overlapping regions of adjacent tiles (e.g., during the early period of cell colony growth), (2) computational requirements needed to assemble the resulting mosaic image, and (3) absence of ground truth needed for evaluating the accuracy of a stitching method.
Analysis of the thermostability of enolases.

We have previously (1,2) characterized the enolases purified from the thermophiles Thermus X-1 and Thermus aquaticus YT-1. In this report we wish to establish the homology of these enzymes with enolases purified from two mesophilic organisms, yeast and rabbit, to illustrate the variability of thermostability measured by a variety of procedures, and to propose a correlation between thermal stability and content of 5 structure.
Counter-Cyclical Bankruptcy Law: An Efficiency Argument for Employment-Preserving Bankruptcy Rules

Bankruptcy judges consider both value to creditors and harm to employees in deciding whether to liquidate or reorganize firms. This Article proposes to systematize what is currently an ad hoc trade-off by making bankruptcy law explicitly counter-cyclical—that is, placing more weight on preserving employment during times of high unemployment. Although the suggestion that bankruptcy law should consider employment effects runs counter to decades of economic analysis of bankruptcy law, this Article bases its analysis on the traditional law and economics efficiency norm. During times of high unemployment, significant social benefits flow from maintaining employment, as evidenced by the hundreds of billions of dollars that the government has recently spent to maintain employment. The simple argument of this Article is that when bankruptcy law can preserve employment more cheaply than government spending can, it should do so.
Role of Substrate Roughness in ZnO Nanowire Arrays Growth by Hydrothermal Approach

The role of substrate roughness in ZnO nanowire (NW) arrays hydrothermal growth has been systematically studied. Six silicon substrates with different roughness by chemical etching have been selected to grow ZnO NW arrays hydrothermally after sputtering 5-nm-thick ZnO seed layer as catalyst. The as-grown samples reveal that average diameters and number densities of ZnO NW arrays are inversely proportional to the increasing substrate roughness observed by atomic-force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the theoretically derived equations based on nucleation with the Gibbs free energy to describe relations of substrate roughness versus average NW diameter and NW number density match well with experimental results. Research results in this paper can be used to control the number density and the average diameter of ZnO NW arrays by alternating substrate roughness.
Modeling Stopped-Flow Data for Nucleic Acid Duplex Formation Reactions: The Importance of Off-Path Intermediates

Evidence for unexpected off-path intermediates to DNA duplex formation is presented. These off-path intermediates are shown to involve unimolecular and, in one case, bimolecular structure in one of the single strands of complementary DNA. Three models are developed to account for the observed single-stranded structures that are formed in parallel with duplex formation. These models are applied to the analysis of stopped-flow data for eight different nonself-complementary duplex formation reactions in order to extract the elementary rate constant for formation of the duplex from the complementary random coil single-stranded DNA. The free energy of activation (at 25 °C) for the denaturation of each duplex is calculated from these data and is shown to have a linear correlation to the overall standard free energy for duplex formation (also at 25 °C). Duplexes that contain mismatches obey a parallel linear free-energy (LFE) relationship with a y-intercept that is greater than that of duplexes without mismatches. Slopes near unity for the LFE relationships indicate that all duplexes go through an early, unstructured transition state.
149 ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomies

Background The purpose of this study was to compare ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with overnight LC and to determine its safety and the factors which will predict its success.
Capacity Building Among Disease Control and Prevention Institutions in Mianyang City

Objective To investigate the current status of capacity building in disease control and prevention institutions in Mianyang city,and to provide scientific basis for formulating improvement measures. Methods Basic information was collected from disease control and prevention institutions in Mianyang downtown and 11 counties in 2011. Results The average building area per person was 185m2and 119m2at municipal and county level institutions,and correspondingly staff members within 35-55 years old,53. 05% and 54. 80%; those with university degree,52. 17% and 21. 63%; those with middle professional title or above,46. 95% and 28. 12%;qualified rate of equipments,92. 37% and 48. 11% and qualified rate of test items,89. 82% and 49. 15%.Conclusion The overall status of capacity building in municipal institutions has reached to comparatively optimal level,yet the capacity building at county level is to be strengthened.
Response of hypertensive rats to acute and chronic conditions of static exercise

To determine whether chronic static exercise would alter resting caudal artery systolic blood pressure (RSBP) in stroke-prone hypertensive rats (SP-SHR), a 20- to 21-wk experimental study was initiated with 24 male and 16 female rats. In addition, eight rats were cannulated for heart rate and blood pressure measurements and implemented with Doppler flow probes (mesenteric and iliac arteries) for determination of the acute responses. The rats were trained to perform static exercise by forelimb hanging over an electrical grid (3-5 mA) activated with a high-frequency sound (2.5-10kHz) of 60 dB. Acute forelimb hanging by nontrained rats caused a 70-mmHg elevation in mean blood pressure, 115-beat/min increase in heart rate, and 71% decrease in mesenteric blood flow. The procedure for chronic forelimb hanging included increasing the number of sets per session from one to three, maintaining the number of repetitions between 6 and 10 and the hang time within 7-10 s/hang, while increasing the amount of weight supported per set from 0 to 12% of body weights for males and 30% for females. Two performance tests, one for endurance (no weights) and one for "strength" (weights), demonstrated that the hanging animals increased their endurance ability by 103% and their strength by 115%. RSBP was not significantly increased in either the male or female trained populations when evaluated by analysis of variance or trend-analysis procedures. Food and water consumption, sodium and potassium excretion, and blood volume measurements exhibited no group differences that had statistical significance. Five animals had evidence for previous strokes, with four being associated with the nonhanging animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Differential effects of protein-modifying reagents on receptor binding of opiate agonists and antagonists.

Opiate receptor binding is enhanced by prior incubation, which removes an endogenous inhibitor of receptor binding. Protein-modifying reagents which affect sulfhydryl groups differentially influence the binding of agonists and antagonists to the opiate receptor. These reagents, including iodoacetamide, N-ethylmaleimide, mercuriacetate, mersalyl acid, p-aminophenylmercuric acetate, and p-chloromercuribenzoate, strongly inhibit [3H]dihydromorphine binding at concentrations which do not affect [3H]naloxone binding. Prior treatment with opiates protects the receptor binding from reagents. The reagents decrease the apparent number of dihydromorphine binding sites without altering their affinity, and also increase the sensitivity of agonist binding to the inhibitory effects of sodium.
Laser-shocked energetic materials with metal additives: evaluation of chemistry and detonation performance.

A focused, nanosecond-pulsed laser has been used to ablate, atomize, ionize, and excite milligram quantities of metal-doped energetic materials that undergo exothermic reactions in the laser-induced plasma. The subsequent shock wave expansion in the air above the sample has been monitored using high-speed schlieren imaging in a recently developed technique, laser-induced air shock from energetic materials (LASEM). The method enables the estimation of detonation velocities based on the measured laser-induced air-shock velocities and has previously been demonstrated for organic military explosives. Here, the LASEM technique has been extended to explosive formulations with metal additives. A comparison of the measured laser-induced air-shock velocities for TNT, RDX, DNTF, and LLM-172 doped with Al or B to the detonation velocities predicted by the thermochemical code CHEETAH for inert or active metal participation demonstrates that LASEM has potential for predicting the early time (<10 μs) participation of metal additives in detonation events. The LASEM results show that while Al is mostly inert at early times in the detonation event (confirmed from large-scale detonation testing), B is active—and reducing the amount of hydrogen present during the early chemical reactions increases the resulting estimated detonation velocities.
The Determinants of Segment-Level Tax Expense Disclosure

This study examines the determinants of the disclosure of segment-level tax expense. Segment reporting rules require firms to report segment-level profit using a definition of earnings that is consistent with profit measures used for internal reporting. Thus, we expect firms using after-tax performance measures for internal reporting to define segment-level profit on an after-tax basis. However, given the ambiguous nature of segment reporting rules, firms with higher proprietary costs of disclosure may choose to report segment-level profit on a pre-tax basis, thus avoiding segment-level tax reporting. We find that only 13.8% of all multi-segment firms report after-tax profits at the segment-level. Using the presence of after-tax CEO incentives as a proxy for the internal use of after-tax segment performance (Phillips 2003), we find a positive association between after-tax incentive use and segment-level tax reporting in our full sample. We also find a negative association between effective tax rates and segment-tax reporting; suggesting firms engaging in tax avoidance are less likely to disclose segment-level taxes. We then split our sample of firms into those defining segments along geographic rather than non-geographic lines and find that the use of after-tax incentives increases the likelihood of reporting only for non-geographic-based operating segments, while proprietary costs of disclosure (i.e., ETRs) only decrease the likelihood of reporting for geographic-based operating segments. Overall, our results suggest discretion in ASC 280 is used to reduce disclosure quality of segment-level taxes for firms with geographic-based segments.
Development of a pyrE-based selective system for Thermotoga sp. strain RQ7.

To fully unlock the biotechnological potentials of Thermotoga species, this study aimed to expand the genetic toolbox of Thermotoga by developing a new selective system. The developed system was composed of two components: a recipient strain bearing a deletion in its orotate phosphoribosyltransferase gene pyrE and a shuttle vector expressing a heterologous pyrE as the selectable marker. A spontaneous uracil auxotroph, T. sp. strain RQ7-15, was isolated at 70 °C with 2 mg/ml 5-fluoroorotic acid. The mutant carried a 112 bp deletion in pyrE and was a suitable recipient strain. To avoid homologous recombination, the pyrE gene from another thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus was used as the selectable marker. The gene was cloned into two Thermotoga-E. coli shuttle vectors, controlled by different promoters: the promoter of Thermus S-layer protein (P slpA ) in pDH25 and the promoter of the pyrimidine synthesis operon of T. sp. strain RQ7 (P RQ7.pyr ) in pDH28. After being introduced into the mutant strain RQ7-15 through natural transformation, both vectors allowed the host to thrive in a minimal medium. Single colonies of transformants were isolated and confirmed by polymerase chain reactions and restriction digestions. In summary, a pyrE-based selective system has been established in T. sp. strain RQ7.
Learning Independent, Diverse Binary Hash Functions: Pruning and Locality

Information retrieval in large databases of complex objects, such as images, audio or documents, requires approximate search algorithms in practice, in order to return semantically similar objects to a given query in a reasonabletime. One practical approach is supervised binary hashing, where each object is mapped onto a small binary vector so that Hamming distances approximate semantic similarities, and the search is done in the binary space more efficiently. Much work has focused on designing objective functions and optimization algorithms for learning b-bit hash functions from a dataset. Recent work has shown that comparable or better results can be obtained by training b hash functions independently from each other and making them cooperate by introducing diversity with ensemble learning techniques. We show that this can be further improved by two techniques: pruning an ensemble of hash functions, and learning local hash functions. We show how it is possible to train our improved algorithms in datasets orders of magnitude larger than those used by most works on supervised binary hashing.
Alcohol and binge eating as mediators between posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and body mass index.

Objective Sexual-minority women are at elevated risk for obesity, as well as exposure to traumatic events. Rates of obesity are elevated in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but little is known about why this relationship exists. Behavioral mechanisms, such as eating patterns and alcohol use, are possible explanations that would be clinically useful to identify. Methods Binge eating and alcohol use were longitudinally investigated as mediators of the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and body mass index (BMI) in a large sample of young-adult, sexual-minority women (N = 425). PTSD symptom severity was assessed at baseline, binge eating and alcohol use were assessed 12 months later, and BMI was assessed 24 months after baseline. Results Using a multiple mediator model, higher baseline PTSD symptom severity was found to be significantly associated with higher BMI 2 years later, operating through binge-eating behavior but not through alcohol use. Exploratory moderator analyses found that this effect was higher for those with lower baseline BMI. Conclusions Results suggest that higher PTSD symptoms are longitudinally associated with increased BMI and that binge eating behavior is one factor that explains this relationship.
Geometric Principles for Designing Highly Symmetric Self-Assembling Protein Nanomaterials

Emerging protein design strategies are enabling the creation of diverse, self-assembling supramolecular structures with precision on the atomic scale. The design possibilities include various types of architectures: finite cages or shells, essentially unbounded two-dimensional and three-dimensional arrays (i.e., crystals), and linear or tubular filaments. In nature, structures of those types are generally symmetric, and, accordingly, symmetry provides a powerful guide for developing new design approaches. Recent design studies have produced numerous protein assemblies in close agreement with geometric specifications. For certain design approaches, a complete list of allowable symmetry combinations that can be used for construction has been articulated, opening a path to a rich diversity of geometrically defined protein materials. Future challenges include improving and elaborating on current strategies and endowing designed protein nanomaterials with properties useful in nanomedicine and material science ...
Moderate within-person variability in cortisol is related to executive function in early childhood

Abstract Lab-based experimental studies with humans and in animal models demonstrate that the relation between glucocorticoid (GC) levels and performance on measures of higher-order cognitive ability such as executive function (EF) is best described by an inverted U-shape curve. Moderate levels of GCs (cortisol/corticosterone) are associated with comparatively better performance relative to GC levels that are particularly high or low. Although findings from experimental studies are definitive and have high internal validity, the external validity of this association as an aspect of children’s development is unknown. Here we analyze data from the Family Life Project (N = 1292), a prospective longitudinal sample of children and families in predominantly low-income and rural communities followed longitudinally from infancy through age 60 months. Consistent with the prior experimental literature, we found evidence of an inverted-U relation. For children with relatively low cortisol levels, on average, between the ages 7, 15, 24, and 48 months, those illustrating moderate fluctuations in their cortisol levels over this span tended to show subsequently better EF performance at 60 months, than did children with either highly stable or highly variable temporal profiles. This curvilinear function did not extend to children whose cortisol levels were high, on average. These children tended to show lower EF performance, irrespective the stability of their cortisol levels over time.
Abstract 130: The Tufts PACE Clinical Predictive Model Registry: Update 1990 Through 2015

Background: Clinical Predictive Models (CPMs) estimate the probability of clinical outcomes and hold the potential to improve decision making and individualize care. The Tufts Predictive Analytics ...
A randomized open-label controlled trial of chlorhexidine-alcohol vs povidone-iodine for cesarean antisepsis: the CAPICA trial.

Background Identification of optimal surgical site antisepsis preparations may reduce cesarean-related surgical site infections. Two recently published investigations examined efficacy of chlorhexidine-alcohol and iodine-alcohol preparations. No previous randomized controlled trial has compared chlorhexidine-alcohol to povidone-iodine aqueous scrub and paint in reduction of cesarean-related surgical site infection. Objective The purpose of the study was to determine if chlorhexidine-alcohol would result in fewer surgical site infections than povidone-iodine when used as skin antisepsis preparation prior to cesarean delivery. Study Design This study was a single-center pragmatic randomized controlled trial at an urban tertiary care institution to compare chlorhexidine-alcohol 26-mL single-step applicator to povidone-iodine aqueous scrub and paint 236-mL wet skin tray as preoperative skin antiseptic preparation for women undergoing cesarean delivery. Patients were eligible for study participation if they could provide informed consent in English or Spanish, were ≥18 years of age, did not have clinical chorioamnionitis, were unlikely to be lost to follow-up, and had no sensitivities to chlorhexidine, betadine, or iodine. Treatment was assigned by computer-generated simple 1:1 randomization immediately before skin preparation. The primary outcome was surgical site infection occurring within 30 days of cesarean delivery including ≥1 of: superficial or deep surgical site infection, or endometritis, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions. Analysis was by intent to treat. Categorical outcomes were compared using Fisher exact test. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed for continuous outcomes. This trial was institutional review board approved and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02202577). Results In all, 932 subjects (461 assigned to chlorhexidine-alcohol, 471 assigned to povidone-iodine) were randomized from February 2013 through May 2016. Rate of follow-up evaluation after 30 days was 99% (455) in the chlorhexidine-alcohol group and 97% (455) in the povidone-iodine group. Surgical site infection occurred in 29 (6.3%) of the chlorhexidine-alcohol group and 33 (7.0%) in the povidone-iodine group ( P = .38). The rates of individual components of the primary outcome were as follows: superficial surgical site infection (4.6% v 5.5%; P = .55), deep surgical site infection (0.0% v 0.4%; P = .50), and endometritis (1.7% v 1.1%; P = .42) in chlorhexidine-alcohol vs povidone-iodine arms, respectively. All results were similar in per protocol analysis. Conclusion Preoperative antiseptic skin preparation with chlorhexidine-alcohol 26-mL single-step applicator before cesarean did not result in less frequent surgical site infection when compared with povidone-iodine aqueous scrub and paint 236-mL wet skin preparation tray. Povidone-iodine should still be considered as acceptable for preoperative surgical site antisepsis for cesarean delivery.
The fate and function of early informational RNA

This chapter describes the fate and function of early informational RNA. There is a paradox stemming from the demonstration, on the one hand, that in most known organisms pregastrular morphogenesis is independent of embryo genome function, while, on the other, the embyro genome is nonetheless carrying on transcription throughout the pregastrular period. In molecular terms, this paradox resolves into two separate problems: (1) the nature of whatever informational control does operate to direct pregastrular morphogenesis and (2) the actual fate and function of the early synthesized informational RNA. [A4]
Towards a sustainable bio-based economy: Redirecting primary metabolism to new products with plant synthetic biology.

Abstract Humans have domesticated many plant species as indispensable sources of food, materials, and medicines. The dawning era of synthetic biology represents a means to further refine, redesign, and engineer crops to meet various societal and industrial needs. Current and future endeavors will utilize plants as the foundation of a bio-based economy through the photosynthetic production of carbohydrate feedstocks for the microbial fermentation of biofuels and bioproducts, with the end goal of decreasing our dependence on petrochemicals. As our technological capabilities improve, metabolic engineering efforts may expand the utility of plants beyond sugar feedstocks through the direct production of target compounds, including pharmaceuticals, renewable fuels, and commodity chemicals. However, relatively little work has been done to fully realize the potential in redirecting central carbon metabolism in plants for the engineering of novel bioproducts. Although our ability to rationally engineer and manipulate plant metabolism is in its infancy, I highlight some of the opportunities and challenges in applying synthetic biology towards engineering plant primary metabolism.
Blunt Chest Trauma: A Radiologic Approach and Review

Blunt chest trauma, a frequent component of trauma admissions, is the second leading cause of death in motor-vehicle accidents. Additionally, it may be associated with significant morbidity in those who survive. Radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT) have a widespread role in evaluating blunt chest trauma, importantly aiding in the diagnosis and management of injury. Herein, we discuss the most common salient injuries, imaging protocol considerations and imaging findings associated with acute blunt chest trauma.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Gene Expression

Genome-wide expression analysis has many applications, including RNA quantification, gene discovery and mapping, intron/exon boundary detection, alternative expression analysis, and organism's phenotype. The expression data gathered from a genome-wide approach can provide clues in identifying genes involved in various cellular processes by looking at relative expression levels at differing cell-cycle stages or under certain induced conditions. In addition, genome-wide transcriptome analysis, particularly under varying conditions, is useful in identifying key regulatory genes and potential drug targets. Over the past two decades, several methods have been developed to analyze gene expression on a genome-wide scale. This article briefly discusses several of the earlier techniques employed for transcriptome analysis, followed by a description of the more recent approaches using next-generation sequencing.
Infants with Prenatally Diagnosed Anomalies: Special Approaches to Preparation and Resuscitation

When a fetal anomaly is suspected, a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis, counseling, pregnancy management, surveillance, delivery planning, and neonatal care is critical to creating a comprehensive management plan. This article provides a basic framework for integrating prenatal diagnostic and maternal-fetal care considerations, delivery planning, special resuscitation needs, and immediate and later neonatal care and evaluation into developing a thoughtful management plan for infants with prenatally diagnosed complex anomalies including congenital heart disease, intrathoracic masses, fetal airway obstruction, neural tube defects, abdominal wall defects, and skeletal dysplasia.
CD8+ T cells activated during the course of murine acute myelogenous leukemia elicit therapeutic responses to late B7 vaccines after cytoreductive treatment

We have previously shown in a murine acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) model that leukemic mice can be cured with a B7 vaccine if immunized early in the disease and that CD8 + T cells are necessary for tumor rejection. However, when B7 vaccine is administered 2 weeks after leukemia inoculation, the effect is only prolonged survival, ending in death virtually of all the mice. To distinguish between tumor kinetics and tumor-induced immunosuppression as potential mechanisms eliminating the therapeutic potential of late B7 vaccines, we performed in vitro T-cell studies during leukemia progression and in vivo studies on the clinical outcome of late B7 vaccines in combination with prior cytoreductive chemotherapy. Our results show that CD8 + T cells from leukemic mice 1 and 2 weeks after leukemia inoculation proliferate more vigorously in response to in vitro activation than cells from normal mice and produce Th1-type cytokines interleukin-2 and interferon-γ. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assays demonstrate that cells from week-2 vaccinated mice (which succumb to their leukemia), surprisingly develop a stronger CTL activity than cells from week-1 vaccinated mice (which reject their leukemia). Finally, the combination of late chemotherapy and late B7 vaccine administration can cure only 20% of leukemic mice, whereas early chemotherapy and the same late B7 vaccine administration cure 100% of leukemic mice. These results demonstrate that in murine AML tumor growth does not induce T-cell anergy or a Th2 cytokine profile and suggest that tumor growth is most likely to be the limiting factor in the curative potential of late B7 vaccines.
Pore Connectivity Between Organic and Inorganic Matter in Shale: Network Modeling of Mercury Capillary Pressure

Each of the two major mineral components found in shale samples—organic matter (OM) and inorganic matter (iOM)—has a distinct pore system revealed by scanning electron microscope images, low-pressure nitrogen adsorption, and high-pressure mercury injection tests. Although a vast amount of research has been conducted to detect and measure pore sizes in OM and iOM separately, the connectivity of the pores in these two components remains unclear. In permeability models, pore connectivity between OM and iOM components plays an important role in studying and predicting fluid flow. We studied pore connectivity between OM and iOM by developing pore-network models to mimic the composite nature of distributed OM patches in shale. Input parameters to generate network models were porosity, pore- and throat-size distribution, and total organic content. Mercury injection and capillary-pressure curves were then simulated through generated network models using percolation theory. To study the effects of pore connectivity between OM and iOM, we changed the size and locale of OM patches in the generated network models. Simulation results showed that the locale of OM affects mercury saturation (location and numbers of invaded pores) at given applied pressures. To study the effect of pore-size overlap between OM and iOM pores, we simulated mercury injection for two groups of constructed pore networks: non-overlapping and overlapping. In non-overlapping cases, first all iOM pores were invaded with mercury; then, only OM pores at very high pressure were invaded. In overlapping cases, OM and iOM pores can be invaded simultaneously because some of the pores have similar sizes in both components. The simulated capillary-pressure curves show distinct behavior in the non-overlapping and overlapping cases. Non-overlapping capillary-pressure curves show a sudden increase when OM pores are invaded, whereas overlapping capillary-pressure curves are smoother. Results of this work increase understanding of the connectivity of pores from measured capillary-pressure curves for further implementation in permeability-predictive models.
Youth and high school sports coaches' experience with and attitudes about concussion and access to athletic trainers by sport type and age of athlete coached

Abstract Introduction: Concussions are a commonly reported injury in youth and high school sports and much of the responsibility related to concussion identification and response for young athletes is allocated to sports coaches. This paper presents findings on concussion-related education, access to resources, experiences, and attitudes among a large number of youth and high school sports coaches across a variety of sports nationwide. Methodology: Data were collected among coaches who completed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) HEADS UP online concussion training pre-test between November 2016 and November 2017. Coaches' concussion-related education, access to resources, experiences, and attitudes were compared by age of athlete coached and level of contact of sport. Medium and large effect sizes were considered of practical significance for interpretation. Results: During the study period, 187,801 youth sports or high school sports coaches completed the CDC HEADS UP online training and corresponding pre-test. Access to previous concussion training significantly varied among respondents by age of athlete coached. For example, 27.4% of coaches of athletes aged 5 and younger had taken previous training compared to 72.9% of coaches of athletes aged 14–18. About one-quarter (27.4%) of all coaches reported ever having had to pull an athlete out of a game because of a possible concussion and 19.5% reported access to an athletic trainer at all games and practices. These variables differed significantly among coaches by age of athletes coached; coaches of older athletes were more likely to report access to an athletic trainer and having had to pull an athlete out of a game compared to coaches of younger athletes. No statistical differences by level of contact were considered to be of practical significance based on effect size. Conclusion: Most coaches in this study report having access to education and hold attitudes consistent with best practices about concussion safety; however, overall access to concussion-related resources is limited. While differences in access to concussion-related education, experience, resources, and attitudes among coaches of varying levels of contact were small, medium to large variations were identified by age of athlete coached. Practical applications: Coaches bear an important part of the responsibility to prevent, identify, and manage concussions in young athletes. Tailored educational efforts may assist coaches of young athletes with recognition of concussion signs and symptoms and with feeling comfortable deciding whether an athlete needs to be evaluated for a possible concussion.
Rydberg spectroscopy of indirect excitons

Measuring the 1s–2p splitting of direct and indirect excitons in van der Waals heterostructures allows their binding energy and dynamics to be determined.
Bayesian Graphical Games for Synchronization in Networks of Dynamical Systems

In this paper, differential games with incomplete information, or Bayesian games, are formulated for multiagent continuous-time dynamical systems in a communication graph. These new Bayesian graphical games model the situation where the agents are uncertain about their actual payoff functions and must employ the evidence observed from the behavior of other agents to improve their estimation of the real setting of their environment. Two different solutions are proposed for the game. First, the agents play their best response strategies with respect to the policies of their neighbors; then, the agents prepare themselves for the worst-case neighbor policies. A tight relationship between the beliefs of an agent and its distributed control policy is established. Two belief update methodologies are proposed for the agents to review their strategies using information obtained from the graph topology.
Infinite Tucker Decomposition: Nonparametric Bayesian Models for Multiway Data Analysis

Tensor decomposition is a powerful computational tool for multiway data analysis. Many popular tensor decomposition approaches--such as the Tucker decomposition and CANDECOMP/ PARAFAC (CP)--amount to multilinear factorization. They are insufficient to model (i) complex interactions between data entities, (ii) various data types (e.g. missing data and binary data), and (iii) noisy observations and outliers. To address these issues, we propose tensor-variate latent nonparametric Bayesian models, coupled with efficient inference methods, for multiway data analysis. We name these models InfTucker. Using these InfTucker models, we conduct Tucker decomposition in an infinite feature space. Unlike classical tensor decomposition models, our new approaches handle both continuous and binary data in a probabilistic framework. Unlike previous Bayesian models on matrices and tensors, our models are based on latent Gaussian or t processes with nonlinear covariance functions. To efficiently learn the InfTucker models from data, we develop a variational inference technique on tensors. Compared with classical implementation, the new technique reduces both time and space complexities by several orders of magnitude. Our experimental results on chemometrics and social network datasets demonstrate that our new models achieved significantly higher prediction accuracy than the most state-of-art tensor decomposition approaches.
When Should Tumor Genomic Profiling Prompt Consideration of Germline Testing

Somatic genomic testing is rapidly becoming an integral part of care for patients with metastatic cancer. Extrapolation of these results beyond personalized cancer therapy is a skill being demanded...
Monitoring arrangements for outsourced public services: the importance of service characteristics for the distribution of oversight responsibilities

The research question guiding this article is which factors explain monitoring arrangements for outsourced public services. The article first investigates the independent impact of asset specificit...
Patterns of Pneumonia

The most common appearances of pneumonia are discussed, regarding both radiologic findings and cross-sectional findings. Organism-specific findings are discussed. Pathophysiology is reviewed. Tuberculosis and its imaging findings are discussed in detail. Findings in immunocompromised individuals are described. Radiographic signs specific to pneumonia and its complications are noted.
A content-based literature recommendation system for datasets to improve data reusability - A case study on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets.

Abstract Objective The centrality of data to biomedical research is difficult to understate, and the same is true for the importance of the biomedical literature in disseminating empirical findings to scientific questions made on such data. But the connections between the literature and related datasets are often weak, hampering the ability of scientists to easily move between existing datasets and existing findings to derive new scientific hypotheses. This work aims to recommend relevant literature articles for datasets with the ultimate goal of increasing the productivity of researchers. Our approach to literature recommendation for datasets is a part of the dataset reusability platform developed at the University Texas Health Science Center at Houston for datasets related to gene expression. This platform incorporates datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). An average of 34 datasets were added to GEO daily in the last five years (i.e. 2014 to 2018), demonstrating the need for automatic methods to connect these datasets with relevant literature. The relevant literature for a given dataset may describe that dataset, provide a scientific finding based on that dataset, or even describe prior and related work to the dataset’s topic that is of interest to users of the dataset. Materials and methods We adopt an information retrieval paradigm for literature recommendation. In our experiments, distributional semantic features are created from the title and abstract of MEDLINE articles. Then, related articles are identified for datasets in GEO. We evaluate multiple distributional methods such as TF-IDF, BM25, Latent Semantic Analysis, Latent Dirichlet Allocation, word2vec, and doc2vec. Top similar papers are recommended for each dataset using cosine similarity between the dataset’s vector representation and every paper’s vector representation. We also propose several novel re-ranking and normalization methods over embeddings to improve the recommendations. Results The top-performing literature recommendation technique achieved a strict precision at 10 of 0.8333 and a partial precision at 10 of 0.9000 using BM25 based on a manual evaluation of 36 datasets. Evaluation on a larger, automatically-collected benchmark shows small but consistent gains by emphasizing the similarity of dataset and article titles. Conclusion This work is the first step toward developing a literature recommendation tool by recommending relevant literature for datasets. This will hopefully lead to better data reuse experience.
Annals Clinical Decision Making: Weighing Evidence to Inform Clinical Decisions

Deciding when recently published evidence should alter practice can be daunting. This article in the Annals Clinical Decision Making series discusses the care of a patient with a common problem and...
JA:2021-38. Assessing Facebook Advertising as a Recruitment Strategy for In-Person Workshops

Purpose: We conducted an evaluation of paid Facebook strategy for in-person workshop recruitment. In the summer of 2019, Child Agricultural Injury Prevention workshops were scheduled in Lexington, ...
Theoretical Development of Ecoregional Green Roofs

This chapter investigates the theoretical background of environmental and ecological factors that can be used to inform the design of ecoregional green roofs. Ecoregions are defined by major or minor delineations of plant communities and their interactions with other resident or transient organisms. By observing and learning how native vegetation adapts and thrives in its natural settings, green roof researchers, educators, and designers can learn how to make decisions about the resourceful use of native vegetation on green roofs. This chapter discusses how green roofs must respond to environmental factors such as heat stress, drought, and varied slope and soil conditions, and how these factors can inform the design of green roofs with native vegetation. The chapter ends with a discussion regarding how ecoregions are defined in this book and are employed in the case studies in Part II of this book.
An Efficient Forecasting Approach to Reduce Boundary Effects in Real-Time Time-Frequency Analysis

Time-frequency (TF) representations of time series are intrinsically subject to the boundary effects. As a result, the structures of signals that are highlighted by the representations are garbled when approaching the boundaries of the TF domain. In this paper, for the purpose of real-time TF information acquisition of nonstationary oscillatory time series, we propose a numerically efficient approach for the reduction of such boundary effects. The solution relies on an extension of the analyzed signal obtained by a forecasting technique. In the case of the study of a class of locally oscillating signals, we provide a theoretical guarantee of the performance of our approach. Following a numerical verification of the algorithmic performance of our approach, we validate it by implementing it on biomedical signals.
A Conceptual Framework for Incorporating Human Dimensions Into Integrated Ecosystem Assessments

The evolution of fisheries science and management towards an ecosystem perspective necessitates the meaningful incorporation of human dimensions. Whereas great strides have been made over the last several decades at moving towards ecosystem based fisheries management (EBFM), largely through the development of integrated ecosystem assessments (IEAs), the inclusion of human dimensions into these efforts has often been fragmentary and, in juxtaposition to the biophysical dynamics, sometimes even seemingly superficial. This presents a great challenge to the accuracy and applicability of these results, as the lack of appropriate incorporation of humans can be problematic in terms of both social and biophysical consequences. This study systematically documents current social science understanding of the multiple human dimensions that should be incorporated within ecosystem assessments and the overall approach to each of these within IEAs and other EBFM efforts. These dimensions include the multi-faceted nature of human well-being, heterogeneity in human well-being derived from fisheries, adaptive behaviors, and cumulative effects. The systematic inclusion of these dimensions into IEAs is then laid out in a conceptual framework, which is supplemented with a data collection scheme that is intended to facilitate operationalization. The detailed examination of incorporating human dimensions within IEAs presented in this study should further resonate with other ecosystem assessment efforts, providing not just ample evidence of the need for moving beyond simplistic assumptions of human homogeneity but a means of systematically integrating a more realistic and representative perspective.
RNA-specific condensation promotes auto-regulation of polyQ RNA-binding protein Whi3

RNA-binding proteins are frequently seen to be capable of auto-regulation by binding their own transcripts. In this work, we show that in the multinucleated fungus Ashbya gossypii, the phase-separating RNA-binding protein Whi3 binds and regulates its own transcripts in distinct condensates from its other targets. Failure of Whi3 to bind its own transcript leads to a reduction in Whi3 protein level and its inability to properly regulate its other targets, leading to defects in nuclear cycling, polarized growth, and transcription of START-regulated genes. These results present a role for auto-regulation and condensate formation triggered by an RNA-binding protein interacting with its own coding transcript. Given the propensity of RNA-binding proteins to interact with their own coding mRNAs, this may be a wide-spread mechanism of feedback that utilizes biomolecular condensates.