cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF IPO FIRM LEGITIMACY ON THE CHOICE OF ALLIANCE GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE

We analyze the effects of four different types of firm legitimacy – managerial, technological, local community legitimacy and business press endorsement – on the choice of alliance governance structure in partnerships with newly public biotechnology firms. We expand current research to differentiate between non-equity, minority equity and joint venture alliance structures. We find that initial public offering of stock (IPO) firms with higher levels of managerial legitimacy and local community legitimacy are more likely to enter into joint ventures than minority equity alliances and non-equity alliances. IPO firms with higher technological legitimacy and business press endorsement are more likely to use a less hierarchical governance structure.
Characterization of Glu126 and Arg144, two residues that are indispensable for substrate binding in the lactose permease of Escherichia coli.

Glu126 and Arg144 in the lactose permease are indispensable for substrate binding and probably form a charge-pair [Venkatesan, P., and Kaback, H. R. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 9802−9807]. Mutants with Glu126→Ala or Arg144→Ala do not bind ligand or catalyze lactose accumulation, efflux, exchange, downhill lactose translocation, or lactose-induced H+ influx. In contrast, mutants with conservative mutations (Glu126→Asp or Arg144→Lys) exhibit drastically different phenotypes. Arg144→Lys permease accumulates lactose slowly to low levels, but does not bind ligand or catalyze equilibrium exchange, efflux, or lactose-induced H+ influx. In contrast, Glu126→Asp permease catalyzes lactose accumulation and lactose-induced H+ influx to wild-type levels, but at significantly lower rates. Surprisingly, however, no significant exchange or efflux activity is observed. Glu126→Asp permease exhibits about a 6-fold increase in the Km for active transport relative to wild-type permease with a comparable Vmax. Dir...
Ozone and Hydrogen Peroxyacetic Acid Treatment To Reduce or Remove EBDCs and ETU Residues in a Solution

Laboratory studies were conducted in a model system to determine the effects of ozone (1 and 3 ppm) and hydrogen peroxyacetic acid (HPA) (5 and 50 ppm) at pH 4.6, 7.0, and 10.7 and at 10 and 21 degrees C on the degradation of mancozeb in solution over a 30 min period. All samples were analyzed for residues by GLC and HPLC. Ozonation and HPA treatment were effective in degrading mancozeb in solution. Rate of mancozeb degradation was dependent on pH, with the fastest rate at pH 7.0. Ethylenethiourea (ETU) residue concentrations in the mancozeb solutions were monitored over 60 min. Under controlled conditions, the ETU residue concentrations increased during the 15 min reaction time and then decreased for all three pH values. At 3 ppm of ozone treatment, no ETU residues were detected at all three pH ranges after 15 min of reaction time. Degradation of ETU by HPA was greatest at pH 4.6, and no ETU residues remained after 5 min at either 5 or 50 ppm. The results showed that ozone and HPA gave excellent degradation of pesticide residues depending on pH and temperature. These experiments indicated the potential for the removal of pesticide residues on fruit and in processed products.
The Effectiveness of Using a Web-Based Applet to Teach Concepts of Linear Programming: An Experiment in Active Learning

The graphical solution method to a two-variable linear program LP provides valuable insights about the general nature of multivariable linear programming models. As a result, introductory operations research/management science textbooks typically present a graphical solution method to a two-variable LP as a prelude to the presentation of more complex problems. Construction of a two-dimensional feasible region combined with iso-profit or iso-cost lines on a blackboard or overhead projector can be tedious, at best. Even with tools such as PowerPoint, that include drawing tools, it is difficult to show students what happens in a graphical LP as constraint lines and iso-profit lines shift around on a graph. To overcome this hurdle, this paper presents a Web-based Java script applet that was used by both instructors and students to graphically illustrate/learn fundamental concepts of LP models. It then describes the results of a study that compares student performance on exams of those who did use the applet versus those who did not. Results show that the students who used the applet to learn about LP concepts performed significantly better than those who did not. Implications for using such active learning techniques and models in the classroom are discussed.
Calculation of multisphere linearized Poisson-Boltzmann interactions near cylindrical fibers and planar surfaces

Abstract A singularity method is presented for solving the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation in order to determine electrostatic interactions in multiparticle systems. Results are presented for (1) two and three unequal spheres interacting in bulk solution, (2) a single sphere interacting with a planar interface, (3) a sphere interacting with a planar interface on which three other spheres are adsorbed, and (4) a sphere interacting with a cylindrical fiber or rod-like particle. Boundary conditions of constant surface potential, constant surface charge, and the "linearized regulation model" are used. The results obtained are shown to be in excellent agreement with existing approximations where appropriate and with existing exact solutions where available. Calculations involving more than two spheres are compared with results derived by using pairwise additive interactions, and limitations of the pairwise additivity approximation are discussed. The method is developed in a way that is not specific to any particular locations of the particles or boundaries, making it possible to incorporate it into Stokesian dynamics or Monte Carlo simulations of many interacting spheres.
Tectonic Elements of the Central Part of the Gulf of California

Geophysical data from closely spaced ship tracks in the central Gulf of California delineate tectonic features associated with the Pacific–North America plate boundary. Three en echelon fracture zones extend southeast from Delfin Basin through Salsipuedes Channel to the northern part of San Pedro Martir Basin, southwest from the southern part of San Pedro Martir Basin to the northeastern flank of Guaymas Basin, and southeast from Guaymas Basin. Large magnetic anomalies and abundant volcanism are associated with segments of these faults. The faults are interpreted to represent a transform fault zone here designated as the “Guaymas fault zone.” Active spreading is taking place within the Guaymas and possibly the San Pedro Martir Basins, although patterns of sediment distribution within these basins preclude a model of simple stationary positions of active spreading centers for more than a few tens of thousands of years at a time.
Inelastic analysis of variable stiffness members

The research in this paper involves the analysis of non-prismatic members where the material is permitted to be stressed well beyond its elastic limit, thus causing the modulus of elasticity to vary along their length. The deflection characteristics of such members are determined by using the first authors method of the equivalent systems, see for example Fertis (1973, 1984), Fertis and Keene (1990), and Fertis and Pallaki (1989), which permits to replace the original member of variable stiffness E"xI"x with one of uniform stiffness E"1I"1, whose elastic line is identical to the one of the original variable stiffness member. It is proven mathematically that the inelastic analysis of members with variable moment of inertia I"x and variable modulus of elasticity E"x can be carried out by using equivalent linear systems of constant stiffness E"1I"1 and applying known methods of linear elementary mechanics. The member can be analyzed for both elastic and inelastic ranges, all the way to failure, thus permitting to observe progressive deterioration of the member's ability to resist stress and deformation, and establish useful practical critical limits regarding these properties.
Surgical Outcomes Reporting—Closer to Reality

In the article by Porena et al [1] that appears in this issue, the authors present a multicenter randomized trial that evaluates the two most commonly used current midurethral sling implantation techniques (retropubic, transvaginal tape [TVT] and operator, trans-obturator tape [TOT], approaches). This paper is an excellent example of the improvements in reporting of surgical results, which continue to emerge in the urologic and urogynecologic literature. Yet, this paper also illustrates the difficulties in promulgating level 1 evidence acquisition, analysis, and presentation. Historically, literature that has dealt with the outcomes of interventions for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has been hampered by author bias, lack of standardized outcome parameters (including incomplete objective and subjective data reporting, differing definitions of efficacy and complications), absence of mature data (which has been defined as minimum 1 yr of follow-up since last intervention in last patient), non-inclusion of patients who failed to return (absence of intention-to-treat analysis), and technical variability in the reported procedure precluding comparison to purported standard comparator (‘‘our modification’’ of the procedure, which no one else in the universe does, or for that matter probably understands how to do). This article must be lauded for several reasons. It is prospective, multicenter, and randomized and attempts to control for surgeon variance in performing the procedures. The inclusion and exclusion criteria are explicit and the accrued population is consecutive and without selection bias. The authors
Using Virtual Worlds to Simulate Real-World Audit Procedures

ABSTRACT: It is not uncommon for educators to struggle with providing their students real-world experiences within the classroom environment. This is particularly true when teaching a subject as application-oriented as auditing. This article furthers existing literature on using virtual worlds in the classroom by describing the learning strategies of using a common virtual world application, Second Life, to simulate a physical examination of inventory in a master's-level auditing class. Specifically, this article explores how an inventory simulation exercise can be used within a virtual world to maximize learning objectives focused on critical thinking and professional judgment, project management and teamwork, effective documentation, interviewing skills, and applying auditing standards. It also examines the feedback received from students in incorporating virtual worlds into the classroom, and lessons learned for future application. Based on pre- and post-assignment surveys, the results demonstrate that...
Pathophysiology of Sepsis

Sepsis remains a critical problem with significant morbidity and mortality even in the modern era of critical care management. Multiple derangements exist in sepsis involving several different organs and systems, although controversies exist over their individual contribution to the disease process. Septic patients have substantial, life-threatening alterations in their coagulation system, and currently, there is an approved therapy with a component of the coagulation system (activated protein C) to treat patients with severe sepsis. Previously, it was believed that sepsis merely represented an exaggerated, hyperinflammatory response with patients dying from inflammation-induced organ injury. More recent data indicate that substantial heterogeneity exists in septic patients' inflammatory response, with some appearing immuno-stimulated, whereas others appear suppressed. Cellular changes continue the theme of heterogeneity. Some cells work too well such as neutrophils that remain activated for an extended time. Other cellular changes become accelerated in a detrimental fashion including lymphocyte apoptosis. Metabolic changes are clearly present, requiring close and individualized monitoring. At this point in time, the literature richly illustrates that no single mediator/system/pathway/pathogen drives the pathophysiology of sepsis. This review will briefly discuss many of the important alterations that account for the pathophysiology of sepsis.
Wave optics simulation of pseudo-partially coherent beam propagation through turbulence : application to laser communications

It is known that partially (spatial) coherent beams can reduce the effects of scintillation in a free space optical link. However, practical implementations of this type of beam are still under investigation. In this work we apply a wave optics model to analyze the propagation through turbulence of a coherent beam and a particular version of a pseudo-partially coherent beam. The beam we study is created with a sequence of five Gaussian random phase screens for each atmospheric realization. We examine the average intensity profiles, the scintillation index and aperture averaging factor for a horizontal propagation scenario. We find this pseudo-partially coherent beam behaves much like a Gaussian Schell-model beam.
Notes on the Chatino Language of Mexico

W HILE engaged in an investigation of the Mexican dialect of Pochutla, Oaxaca, Mexico, for the International School of American Archaeology and Ethnology, I had the opportunity to spend a few hours with a Chatino, and collected a little material which may be of interest, because it shows definitely that Chatino is a remote branch of the Zapotecan family and partakes of the very remarkable phonetics of that group of languages. I have not sufficient material to elucidate any one point of the phonetics or morphology of the language fully, and therefore must confine myself to a few disconnected remarks. The language is spoken only in the district of Juquila. It is called by the people themselves Caetinyon". It is spoken, according to my informant, Ez6quiel Visquez, in the following villages:'
Application of infra-red digital subtraction techniques to the microstructure of polychloroprenes: 3. Effect of structural irregularities on the crystalline infra-red bands of chloroprene copolymers

Abstract Infra-red digital subtraction techniques have been applied to chloroprene copolymers containing relatively low concentrations of methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile or styrene. The ‘crystalline’ bands of these chloroprene copolymers were obtained by subtraction of the amorphous spectrum obtained at 85°C from that of the semi crystalline spectrum recorded at room temperature. The presence of these comonomer units does not cause frequency shifts of the infra-red crystalline bands of polychloroprene. From these and previous results it is postulated that only the inverted trans-1,4- and 2,3-dichloro-2-butenylene units are capable of being included into the crystalline lattice and of causing the observed frequency shifts.
Stakeholder Theory: The State of the Art

For the last 30 years a growing number of scholars and practitioners have been experimenting with concepts and models that facilitate our understanding of the complexities of today’s business challenges. Among these, “stakeholder theory” or “stakeholder thinking” has emerged as a new narrative to understand and remedy three interconnected business problems—the problem of understanding how value is created and traded, the problem of connecting ethics and capitalism, and the problem of helping managers think about management such that the first two problems are addressed. In this article, we review the major uses and adaptations of stakeholder theory across a broad array of disciplines such as business ethics, corporate strategy, finance, accounting, management, and marketing. We also evaluate and suggest future directions in which research on stakeholder theory can continue to provide useful insights into the practice of sustainable and ethical value creation.
Measuring, estimating, and understanding the psychometric function: a commentary.

The psychometric function, relating the subject’s response to the physical stimulus, is fundamental to psychophysics. This paper examines various psychometric function topics, many inspired by this special symposium issue ofPerception & Psychophysics: What are the relative merits of objective yes/no versus forced choice tasks (including threshold variance)? What are the relative merits of adaptive versus constant stimuli methods? What are the relative merits of likelihood versus up-down staircase adaptive methods? Is 2AFC free of substantial bias? Is there no efficient adaptive method for objective yes/no tasks? Should adaptive methods aim for 90% correct? Can adding more responses to forced choice and objective yes/no tasks reduce the threshold variance? What is the best way to deal with lapses? How is the Weibull function intimately related to thed’ function? What causes bias in the likelihood goodness-of-fit? What causes bias in slope estimates from adaptive methods? How good are nonparametric methods for estimating psychometric function parameters? Of what value is the psychometric function slope? How are various psychometric functions related to each other? The resolution of many of these issues is surprising.
Reactions of phosphorus fluorides and ortho-carborane ditertiary aminophosphines

Abstract Fluorophosphine bidentate ligands containing o -carborane as backbone can be prepared by the reaction of the lithium- o -carboranes and PF 2 X derivatives to give only two species: the unsymmetrical (C 6 H 5 ) 2 P[B 10 H 10 C 2 ]PF 2 and the cyclic FP[B 10 H 10 C 2 ] 2 PF, both in low yield. However, exchange of F and NMe 2 groups by use of PF 5 or PF 3 provides a facile way to produce several new fluorophosphines. Phosphorus pentafluoride forms solid adducts with the o -phosphino derivatives (C 6 H 5 ) 2 P[B 10 H 10 C 2 ]P(NMe 2 ) 2 , (Me 2 N) 2 P[B 10 H 10 C 2 ]P(NMe 2 ) 2 and (C 6 H 5 ) 2 P[B 10 H 10 C 2 ]H. All the adducts contain a phosphorus-phosphorus bond as evidenced from i.r., NMR and stoichiometry. The stability of the adducts reflects the strength of the PP bond formed upon complexation. When suspensions or solutions of the adducts are heated they exchange F and NMe 2 groups and no redox occurs. The products (C 6 H 5 ) 2 P[B 10 H 10 C 2 ]P(F)NMe 2 (I) and Me 2 N(F)P[B 10 H 10 C 2 ]P(F)NMe 2 (II) react further with PF 5 giving (C 6 H 5 ) 2 P[B 10 H 10 C 2 ]PF 2 (III) and F 2 P[B 10 H 10 C 2 ]PF 2 (IV). The precursors also react with phosphorus trifluoride to produce only (I) and (Me 2 N) 2 P[B 10 H 10 C 2 ]P(F)NMe 2 (V) regardless of the reaction conditions. All the products I–V have been identified by 1 H, 19 F, and 31 P NMR and i.r. spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The NMR spectra of the novel (IV) have been analysed as X 2 AA 1 X 1 2 spin system.
Effect of blending of silicon carbide particles in varying sizes on the erosion of Ti-6Al-4V

Abstract The erosion of Ti-6Al-4V in the precipitation-hardened condition was studied using silicon carbide particles in grit sizes of 120–600. Those grit sizes covered particle sizes ranging from 12 to 150 μm. The variation of the rate of erosion with varying particle size was investigated for two cases: constant velocity of impingement, and variable velocity of impingement resulting from the acceleration of particles of different sizes by a constant pressure gas stream. In the latter case, the contribution to erosion by increased velocity of the finer particles was determined. The erosion rate was found to be proportional to the square of the particle impingement velocity. The variation of the erosion rate with varying proportions of 600 grit particles mixed with 120, 240 and 320 grits was also studied when the mixture was accelerated by a high pressure gas. The erosion by mixed particles was found to be higher than the erosion by individual particles. A procedure is suggested to predict the erosion by particle mixtures provided the erosion behavior of individual grit particles is known.
Antigen-antibody recognition. Model calculations

Free energy of antigen-antibody binding has been calculated for HyHEL-5, HyHEL-10, and D1.3 complexes. We also have calculated free energies of binding per residue of L- and H- chains of the antibodies, and those of the antigen (lysozyme). The results of the calculations provide support for the notion that TYR and TRP residues may confer on the CDRs of antibodies an enhanced capacity for binding antigens. It was shown also that the composition of residues that provide major part of the binding free energy differs for antibodies and antigens.
The Chemistry and Biology Interface, An Emerging Field or an Old Friend?

Proteins, Enzymes, Genes: The Interplay of Chemistry and Biology By Fruton Joseph S. New Haven CT: Yale University Press (1999). 784 pp. $45.00
Variability of Ribosomal Aggregation in Lymphocytes

WE have been studying the fine structure of the bovine lymphocyte as part of an investigation into the effects of prolonged lymphocyte depletion1. In the course of this work it was observed that large lymphocytes, which make up most of the cellular component of thoracic duct lymph in the lymphocyte-depleted calf, can be divided rather distinctly into two populations according to the distributions of their ribosomes.
Fouling-resistant ceramic-supported polymer membranes for ultrafiltration of oil-in-water microemulsions

Abstract Fouling-resistant ultrafiltration ceramic-supported polymer (CSP) ultrafiltration membrane was developed for the treatment of oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsions. The CSP zirconia-based membrane was prepared via free-radical graft polymerization of vinylpyrrolidone onto the membrane surface. Pore reduction of about 25–28% was encountered upon modification as revealed by hydraulic permeability measurements. Oil rejection was higher for grafted membranes with smaller resultant pore size. Atomic force microscopy imaging of polymer-modified surfaces showed complete surface coverage by the polymer chains. The native zirconia membrane was irreversibly fouled after treating the o/w microemulsion for a brief period, while the CSP membranes maintained its pre-filtration hydraulic permeability even after many filtration runs. The present surface modification was found to be effective in preventing irreversible membrane fouling despite significant membrane surface roughness. Relative to the native membrane, oil rejection of the CSP membrane increased more than two-fold for the range of studied oil droplet size (18–66 nm), while surfactant rejection remained low for both the native and modified membranes.
Evaluating Subjective Accuracy in Time Series Pattern-Matching Using Human-Annotated Rankings

Finding patterns is a common task in time series analysis which has gained a lot of attention across many fields. A multitude of similarity measures have been introduced to perform pattern searches. The accuracy of such measures is often evaluated objectively using a one nearest neighbor classification (1NN) on labeled time series or through clustering. Prior work often disregards the subjective similarity of time series which can be pivotal in systems where a user specified pattern is used as input and a similarity-based ranking is expected as output (query-by-example). In this paper, we describe how a human-annotated ranking based on real-world queries and datasets can be created using simple crowdsourcing tasks and use this ranking as ground-truth to evaluate the perceived accuracy of existing time series similarity measures. Furthermore, we show how different sampling strategies and time series representations of pen-drawn queries effect the precision of these similarity measures and provide a publicly available dataset which can be used to optimize existing and future similarity search algorithms.
Machine vision in the 1990s: applications and how to get there

This report contains a collection of papers from participants in the panel discussion "Machine Vision in the 90s: Applications and How to Get There," which was held during the International Conference on Pattern Recognition, in Atlantic City, N.J., June 20, 1990. The participants were Dr. M. Ejiri (Hitachi), Prof. R. Haralick (University of Washington, Seattle), Prof. R. Jain (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor), Dr. P. Ruetz (LSI Logic), Prof. J. Sklansky (UC Irvine), and C.W. Swonger (Director, Image Processing, ERIM, Ann Arbor). Panel chairmen were Dr. D. Petkovic, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, and Prof. J. Wilder, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. My motivation in organizing this panel was as follows. After many years working in the fields of machine vision and pattern recognition, I had certain observations that concerned me:
Laser-Based Polarimetry and Interferometry Measurements in a High-Temperature RFP Plasma

Summary form only given. Both the current density and electron current density are important parameters for fusion-oriented plasma research. In a reversed field pinch plasma, a far-infrared laser system is employed to measure both the Faraday rotation and electron density simultaneously with time response ~5 microseconds. This provides a single-shot capability for constraining magnetic equilibrium reconstructions and determining the current density distribution. Fast time response combined with low phase noise also enables us to directly measure magnetic, current density and electron density fluctuations. The two-fluid Hall effect is identified and found to be significant during magnetic reconnection events. A new diagnostic is being developed which detects the relativistic phase shift (Fizeau effect) of a laser beam propagating through a moving plasma thereby providing a measure of the electron current density. These diagnostic techniques have direct application to ITER.
Thermodynamic study of complexation of alkali and alkaline-earth metal ions with benzene-containing cryptands

Abstract Log K , Δ H , and Δ S values for interactions of four benzene-containing cryptands ( 1–4 ) with alkali metal ions, Sr 2+ , and Ba 2+ were determined at 25°C by calorimetric titration in absolute methanol. The cryptands form stable complexes with the metal ions (except Li + ). Log K values range from 2.90 (2-Cs + interaction) to 5.10 (4-K + interaction). Very low reaction heats for Li + complexation with 1–4 indicate that the cavity sizes of these cryptands are too large to match the small Li + . Different structures of the benzo bridges of the cryptands have an effect on cation complexation. All cryptands studied selectively bind K + over the other cations. Cryptand 4 selects K + over Ba 2+ by a factor of 10, which is a reversal of the common Ba 2+ over K + selectivity order demonstrated by most [2,2,2]-type cryptands. Cryptands 1 and 2 show more negative (favorable) Δ H values and more negative or less positive (unfavorable) Δ S values for the interactions with the metal ions (except Li + and 2-Cs + ) than cryptands 3 and 4 .
Effects of Fluency Training on Second Graders' Reading Comprehension

Abstract For years researchers have posited a strong relationship between developing students' reading fluency and concurrent improvements in reading comprehension. Although moderate-to-strong correlations between developing reading fluency and improved reading comprehension have recently been reported, no study has shown that direct training of students' reading fluency would result in improved reading comprehension ability. This study assessed the effects of developing second-grade students' oral reading fluency using the oral recitation lesson (ORL) and the effects that fluency training may have upon students' resulting reading comprehension. Subjects were randomly assigned to treatment groups, and instructional treatments were used for a full semester. At the conclusion of the study, second-grade subjects' fluency and comprehension in the ORL group and the round robin (RR) reading control group were compared. Results showed statistically different levels of fluency as measured by errors per minute (EP...
Acousto-Optic & Electro-Optic Modulator Applications

Today, many of the applications that employ lasers require the laser to be modulated and deflected. The dominant devices to perform these tasks are acousto-optic and electro-optic modulators. The principles of operation and the applications of each method are different. This paper will describe the principles of operation and the applications of acousto-optic Bragg cells and electro-optic Pockel's cells.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Properties and induction of β-galactosidase in Bacillus megaterium☆

Abstract The β- d -galactosidase of B. megaterium hydrolyzes β- d -galactosides to galactose and the aglycon alcohol. It is activated by Na + and Mn ++ ions and 0.8 M glucose and is stabilized by 0.01 M methionine. The pH optimum is near pH 7.7. Purified β-galactosidase splits methyl-, n -butyl-, phenyl-, o -nitrophenyl-, and glycosyl-β- d -galactosides but does not attack the β- d -thiogalactosides, methyl-β- d -arabinoside, or glycosyl-α- d -galactoside. The activation characteristics and substrate specificity of B. megaterium β-glactosidase are similar to those of the homologous E. coli enzyme. Further, the two enzymes show a close correspondence in the numerical values of their affinity constants for the various substrates and inhibitors. By contrast, β-galactosidase induction in B. megaterium exhibits a pattern distinct from that of E. coli . l -Arabinose and thiophenyl-β- d -galactoside are active inducers in B. megaterium and inactive or inhibitory in E. coli . In addition, there is a complete lack of parallelism in the quantitative inducer efficiency of the various galactose derivatives in the two organisms. In both bacteria, the kinetics of enzyme appearance is linear at inducer saturation. The implications of the foregoing results relevant to theories of enzyme indcution are discussed.
On the frame invariance of linear elasticity theory

It is widely believed that classical linear elasticity theory does not conform to the Galilean frame invariance of general (non-relativistic) field theories. This view is traced here to an interpretation of the relationship between the deformation gradient and the displacement gradient which does not reflect the tensor character of the variables involved. Frame invariance is shown to follow if tensor character is imposed on this relationship at the outset.
Mobility Matters: Women's Livelihood Strategies in Porto Novo, Benin

This article examines the importance of mobility in the creation of profitable livelihood strategies for women in Porto Novo, Benin. Drawing on surveys and interviews conducted in the late 1990s with over 500 women who use a wide array of strategies, I demonstrate that the importance of mobility to women's livelihood strategies is variable depending on the types of activities in which women are engaged. Specifically, where trade is a central part of a livelihood strategy the type of goods sold mediates the relative importance of mobility. The article also considers the ways in which socio‐economic settings differentially shape women's ability to be mobile. The research further contributes to feminist scholarship by examining the spatialities of social and economic processes in the creation of women's livelihood strategies.
Stress characteristics of a laminated architectural glazing subjected to blast loading

The dynamic response of a rectangular laminated architectural glazing subjected to blast loading from a bomb explosion on ground is studied. For the sake of computational efficiency, blast loading parameters are formulated using tabular data available in the literature. In the analysis, the glass plies are modeled as linear elastic, while the polymer interlayer is treated as viscoelastic. The results show that the bulk modulus of the interlayer has no effect on the dynamic response of the laminated panel. However, the short-time shear modulus significantly affects the behavior of the panel. Through-the-thickness distribution for stresses and displacements is nearly linear for short-time shear modulus of the interlayer.
The Effects of Intravenous Levofloxacin on the QT Interval and QT Dispersion

The QT dispersion (QTd) is a non-invasive means of identifying those patients at an increased risk of developing sudden cardiac death (SCD). Although levofloxacin has a minimal effect on the QTc interval, isolated reports of QT prolongation, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with a normal QT interval and TdP have been reported. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of intravenous levofloxacin on the QT interval and QTd. Of the 50 patients who were deemed candidates to receive intravenous levofloxacin, 29 met the eligibility criteria and were enrolled in this study. A 12-lead ECG was performed before the initiation of levofloxacin (baseline), and on days 3 and 5. The QTc min, QTc max and the QTd were calculated. Measurements where made by two independent observers blinded to the patients’ clinical status. The QTd increased significantly on days 3 and 5 following the initiation of therapy [QTd (baseline) 33.3 ± 20 ms, QTd (day 3) 64.4 ± 31.3 ms (p = 0.023), QTd (day 5) 66.8 ± 20.3 ms, (p = 0.008)]. The increase in the QTd was significantly longer in men than women. Although women had a shorter baseline QTd compared to men, this did not achieve statistical significance. Intravenous levofloxacin was found to significantly increase the QTd, which was more pronounced in men compared to women. Its effect on the QTd may increase the risk of developing a potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmia. Therefore, care must be taken when prescribing this medication to patients with a pre-existing risk of developing SCD.
Surface Reconstruction and Image Enhancement via $L^1$-Minimization

A surface reconstruction technique based on minimization of the total variation of the gradient is introduced. Convergence of the method is established, and an interior-point algorithm solving the associated linear programming problem is introduced. The reconstruction algorithm is illustrated on various test cases including natural and urban terrain data, and enhancement of low-resolution or aliased images.
A multi-rate DPSK modem for free-space laser communications

The multi-rate DPSK format, which enables efficient free-space laser communications over a wide range of data rates, is finding applications in NASA’s Laser Communications Relay Demonstration. We discuss the design and testing of an efficient and robust multi-rate DPSK modem, including aspects of the electrical, mechanical, thermal, and optical design. The modem includes an optically preamplified receiver, an 0.5-W average power transmitter, a LEON3 rad-hard microcontroller that provides the command and telemetry interface and supervisory control, and a Xilinx Virtex-5 radhard reprogrammable FPGA that both supports the high-speed data flow to and from the modem and controls the modem’s analog and digital subsystems. For additional flexibility, the transmitter and receiver can be configured to support operation with multi-rate PPM waveforms.
Genetic Variances of Agronomic and Morphological Traits of Diploid Crested Wheatgrass

Crested wheatgrass breeding efforts in the USA have focused on tetraploid germplasm, resulting in little genetic information available for diploid germplasm. This study was conducted to estimate progeny-mean heritability (h 2 ) of eight traits of diploid crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) grown under seeded competitive conditions in the northern Great Plains. Thirty half-sib families were randomly selected from a genetically broad-based population, and evaluated at one location over 2 yr, in single-row 1.5-m plots, spaced 38 cm apart, and seeded at 90 seed m -1 . Heritabilities based on the progeny means of 30 families were determined for forage dry matter yield (h 2 = 52%), tiller height (h 2 = 63% ), first-cut vigor (h 2 = 15%), regrowth vigor (h 2 = 68%), proline content (h 2 = 49%), spikelets per spike (h 2 = 59%), anthocyanin pigmentation of stem nodes (h 2 = 36%), and flag leaf pubescence (h 2 = 70%). Heritability of forage yield, tiller height, regrowth vigor, number of spikelets per spike, and flag leaf pubescence were estimated with the greatest predsion. First-cut vigor, proline content, and node color were estimated with less predsion. Proline accumulation was not assodated with either dry matter yield or regrowth vigor under water stress. Regrowth vigor was not assodated with first-cut yield (P ≥ 0.24), indicating that improvement in first-cut yield would have little effect on forage regrowth potential. A moderately high heritability estimate for regrowth vigor indicated that selection for this trait could extend the grazing season of crested wheatgrass. Genetic variance components for all traits except first-cut vigor exceeded their standard errors. Significant family x year effects were detected only for node color. The results indicate that evaluation over multiple years would not be needed for most traits studied.
Physical Sciences: Search for Millimetre-wave Emission from Blue Stellar Objects

ACCORDING to the list of Burbidge and Burbidge1, there are now 30 “radio-quiet” quasi-stellar objects, or QSOs (hereinafter called blue stellar objects, or BSOs) with measured redshifts. The term “radio-quiet” here means that they were selected optically and have not been identified in any general survey of radio sources. A number of BSOs have been examined by several different observers for possible radio emission on wavelengths from 94 to 2 cm, nearly always with negative results. In spite of this lack of success, a new survey of BSOs at millimetre wavelengths was felt worthwhile. No extensive surveys have been made at less than 11 cm wavelength; Kellermann and Pauliny-Toth2 observed only three BSOs at 2 cm, with no detections. Many known QSOs have high surface brightness and hence positive spectral indices at short centimetre wavelengths3; thus BSOs might well be detectable only at short wavelengths.
Using a balanced set of measures to focus on long-term competency in internal communication

Abstract To advance our knowledge on measurement efforts in internal communication, this paper presented the findings from two research projects related to how we can measure the effectiveness of organizations’ internal communication initiatives and their contributions to organizations’ business performance. Integrated findings from in-depth interviews and a content analysis suggested that although limited financial metrics have been applied to the evaluation process, traditional measurement approaches such as feedback survey, focus group, and qualitative analysis have been widely used. Measurement efforts in employee communication have been largely focusing on employee participation, engagement, satisfaction, and productivity. The paper was concluded with suggested implications for corporate communication measurement challenges.
VIREOS: an integrated, bottom-up, educational operating systems project with FPGA support

In this paper, we present the VIREOS project, a new operating system designed specifically for the classroom. VIREOS is a simple, Unix-like, operating system, which runs on the Larc educational architecture. A VIREOS/Larc system can either be simulated or run on a pre-configured FPGA. The VIREOS project is well integrated with an introductory computer architecture course using Larc and the assignments are structured in a similar fashion: using a bottom-up approach. We have several resources available on the Web, which help reduce the overhead of adopting VIREOS. Finally, VIREOS has been used in one operating systems course already, and the feedback from students was generally favorable.
Poets in Combat: Muse of Fire

The verse of poets who have been inspired by their wartime experiences is examined to reveal how poetry can serve a therapeutic function for individuals under combat conditions. Examples taken for discussion are drawn from the work of representative British and American poets from World War I through the Vietnam War.
Rate constants for the additions of cyclohexyl radicals to acrylamides, imides and sulfonimides

Abstract Competition experiments are used to provide estimated rate constants for the addition of cyclohexyl radical to a series of acrylamides, imides and sulfonimides.
Optimal spatial management of an invasive plant using a model with above- and below-ground components

Invasive species can disrupt and damage their non-native habitats and are often the focus of control efforts. Motivated by considering the control of kudzu (Pueria montana) by grazers, we model plant growth with above- and below-ground components where grazing pressure is applied in discrete pulses. We compare two strategies, one that manages for eradication and one that minimizes above-ground biomass to maximize a site’s aesthetic and recreational value (beautification). We then consider the spatial allocation of a limited budget to protect a prioritized target patch from invasion from neighboring patches. Optimal management for the beautification goal and eradication goal are similar when budgets are limited and when the initial invasion size is small. Management diverges when budgets or initial invasion size are large. As such, smaller management efforts have less of an imperative to carefully define their management goal. Additionally, our model suggests the ability of the invading plant to respond after control or disturbance, and not overall growth rate, is the important factor when considering differences in optimal management strategies between different goals. Non-target patches were controlled more often when budgets were larger, initial invasion sizes on the target patch were small, and growth rates were low. This pattern suggests that controlling even small non-target patches is only economically favorable when continued control of the target patch passes a threshold of diminishing returns, counter to classic results where small satellite populations are controlled first to prevent new growth.
Testing a Model Predicting Risky Sexual Behavior

Sexually transmitted disease and infection rates are continually increasing. Individuals who engage in high-risk sexual behavior (HRSB) expose themselves to multiple risks, including social, emotional, and physical risks. Overall, cultural, intrapsychic, and interpersonal scripts comingle to guide our behavior in sexual situations, yet existing theoretical models that seek to explain an individual's decision to engage in HRSB tend to test specific elements in isolation that affect likelihood of engaging in high-risk sexual behavior rather than examining the combined influence of multiple variables on the decision-making process. In this study, we tested a five-factor model of high-risk sexual decision-making. Results indicated that the model explained approximately 50.5% of the variance in HRSB. Findings and implications for future research are discussed.
Target factor analysis of infrared spectra of multicomponent mixtures

Abstract The target factor analysis (t.f.a.) error criteria discussed earlier are applied to Fourier-transform infrared spectra in order to determine, without any prior knowledge of the experimental error, the number and identities of components in a series of related multicomponent mixtures. The t.f.a. method is also used for quantitative analysis and is compared to regression analysis, which force-fits the data and does not compensate for an impurity of small but measurable quantity. In addition, it is shown how an impurity in a single mixture can be detected, identified, and quantified. An actual experimental example is presented, using solutions of o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and ethylbenzene in cyclohexane, with chloroform as an impurity.
Isopentenoid synthesis in isolated embryonic Drosophila cells: absolute mevalonic acid utilization and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase modulation.

Abstract The relationship between absolute isopentenoidogenesis (total and specific) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A suppression in response to increased mevalonate availability is unknown. We determined absolute isopentenoidogenesis values for the nonsterologenic Drosophila Kc cell incubated (2 h) with increasing [3H]mevalonate concentrations. At least 80% of the maximum suppression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl-coenzyme A activity was achieved when total isopentenoidogenesis was increased only 2-fold. However, a 12-fold increase in total isopentenoidogenesis was achieved at higher exogenous [3H]mevalonate concentrations. Thus, modulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity was coupled to physiological changes in mevalonate/nonsterol isopentenoid availability. In contrast, isopentenoid accumulation, oxidation, and secretion were enhanced with pharmacological increases in mevalonate availability. Furthermore, an apparent constancy of total isopentenoidogenesis values plus increased metabolism of exogenous mevalonate and a significant (35–45%) suppression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity, in response to exogenous substrate concentrations ( m ), supported a partial or complete compensatory dimunition in endogenous substrate synthesis. Since these responses occurred within the 2-h study, earlier time periods must be assessed to (i) define the initial nonsterol-mediated regulatory response and (ii) to trap the nonsterol isopentenoid regulatory signal molecule(s).
Raman spectra of some actinide dioxides and of EuF2

Abstract Raman spectra have been obtained for the first time from polycrystalline samples of NpO2, PuO2 and EuF2. Raman spectra were also obtained from polycrystalline samples of ThO2, UO2 and CeO2 for comparison with published results. Each of these compounds exhibits the CaF2 (fluorite)-type cubic crystal structure. The observed Raman active phonon (T2g) frequencies were used in conjunction with reported optically active IR phonon (T1u) frequencies to calculate the force constants for both the cation-anion stretching (K) and anion-anion repulsion (F).
The effect of penetrant activity and temperature on the anomalous diffusion of hydrocarbons and solvent crazing in polystyrene part I: Biaxially oriented polystyrene

The effects of temperature and penetrant activity on the sorption kinetics and equilibria of a series of alkanes in glassy, biaxially oriented polystyrene were studied. Normal isomers of pentane, hexane, and heptane cause crazing of polystyrene film samples at high penetrant activities (> 0.85). Crazing kinetics are identical to the kinetics of Case II transport. Transport of these normal hydrocarbons in glassy polystyrene in the temperature range 25 to 50°C is markedly non-Fickian; limiting Case II transport is observed at activities in exces of 0.6. Sorption appears to be controlled by highly activated relaxation processes including primary bond breakage at these high penetrant activities. Fickian diffusion behavior is approached, however, as penetrant activity is reduced. Sorption of the branched isomers of these compounds does not result in polymer microfailure. The sorption kinetics of the branched isomers, although time dependent, appear to be controlled primarily by thermally activated diffusion rather than large scale polymer relaxations which control Case II transport.
The Unconscious from a Group-as-a-Whole Perspective: A Dream in the Context of a Training Group:

This paper presents a dream in a social context to illustrate the manifestations of unconscious processes in a group setting and to show how such material may be used to increase understanding of both the individual and the group. The discussion of the manifest dream material is placed in the context of a brief review of the group-as-a-whole approach based on W.R. Bion's seminal work in group psychology. Implications of this tradition for the practice of group psychotherapy are presented, drawing attention to the need for special group process training.