cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study of Small Sample Variances of Estimators of Variance Components in the Two-Way Factorial Model

Many estimation procedures have been proposed for estimating variance components in unbalanced factorial models. A large proportion of these are based on the solution to a system of linear equations obtained from a set of quadratic forms and their expected value. This paper will present a numerical study of the small sample variance of eight variance component estimators of this type. The variances will be compared to the Bhattacharyya lower bound for unbiased estimators.
GaAs/Si epitaxial integration utilizing a two-step, selectively grown Ge intermediate layer

Abstract We describe efforts to epitaxially integrate GaAs with Si, using thin, relaxed Ge layers. The Ge films are deposited by molecular beam epitaxy using a self-assembled, selective-area growth technique, where atomic Ge etches an SiO 2 mask layer and then grows from pores extending to the Si substrate. The resulting Ge film coalesces over the SiO 2 mask and is planarized, using H 2 O 2 -based chemical–mechanical polishing. We subsequently deposit a GaAs/AlAs heterostructure on the polished Ge on Si substrate by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. While the initial Ge films were completely relaxed and dislocation-free, they contain a high density of stacking faults that propagate through the GaAs/AlAs heterostructure. These stacking faults create phase domains that appear as non-radiative recombination centers in cathodoluminescence images. Further development of two-step Ge epitaxy with an anneal near the Ge melting point eliminates stacking faults in the Ge, but decomposes the SiO 2 mask allowing threading dislocations to form and propagate through the GaAs/AlAs heterostructure. We discuss our strategy to prevent the loss of the SiO 2 mask and thus reduce threading dislocations.
2. PRESENCE ACHIEVED IN LANGUAGE (WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO THE PRESENCE OF THE PAST)

The aim of this essay is to ask whether what it calls the “presence” of things, including things of the past, can be rendered in language, including the language of historians. In Part I the essay adumbrates what it means by presence (the spatio-temporally located existence of physical objects and events). It also proposes two ideal types: meaning-cultures (in which the interpretation of meaning is of paramount concern, so much so that the thinghood of things is often obscured), and presence-cultures (in which capturing the tangibility of things is of utmost importance). In the modern period, linguistic utterance has typically come to be used for, and to be interpreted as, the way by which meaning rather than presence is expressed, thereby creating a gap between language and presence. Thus, in Part II the essay explores ways that this gap might be bridged, examining seven instances in which presence can be “amalgamated” with language. These range from instances in which the physical dimensions of language itself are made manifest, to those through which the physicality of the things to which language refers is supposed to be made evident. Of particular note for theorists of history are those instances in which things can be made present by employing the deictic, poetic, and incantatory potential of linguistic expression. The essay concludes in Part III with a reflection on Heidegger's idea that language is the “house of being,” now interpreted as the idea that language can be the medium through which the separation of humans and the (physical) things of their environment may be overcome. The hope of achieving presence in language is no less than a reconciliation of humans with their world, including—and of most interest to historians—the things and events of their past.
Situational Strength as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Job Performance: A Meta-Analytic Examination

The purpose of the current meta-analysis was to test the hypothesis that situational strength attenuates the positive relationship between job satisfaction and job performance. Using meta-analytic data (k = 101, N = 19,494) and regression analysis, we examined situational strength’s association with the satisfaction–performance relationship. As hypothesized, the constraints dimension of situational strength was negatively associated with the magnitude of the job satisfaction–job performance relationship. Unexpectedly, the consequences dimension of situational strength failed to produce a similar effect. The current study provides insight into when job satisfaction and job performance are most likely and least likely to be related to each other. Thus, it has important theoretical implications for job attitude researchers and it has applied implications for practitioners wishing to increase job performance by improving employee satisfaction. The current study is the first large-scale examination of situational strength as a moderator of the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance.
Cryogenic preconcentration-direct FID method for measurement of ambient NMOC: refinement and comparison with GC speciation

A method for measuring total nonmethane organic compounds (NMOC) In the atmosphere has been refined to reduce measurement variability and evaluated for possible use In connection with the control of hydrocarbon emissions. The method, a simplification of the conventional gas chromatographlc (GC) speciation technique, uses cryogenic preconcentration and flame ionization detection but does not use a GC column. Tests to compare this simplified method to the GC speciation technique, using actual ambient air samples, were carried out. Test results showed that the sensitivity and precision of the simplified method approach those of the speciation technique. Other test results verified that the use of stainless steel sample canisters for collection and temporary storage of NMOC samples Is acceptable and contributes little additional variability to the method.
A Godunov method for localization in elastoplastic granular flow

The equations governing the elastic-plastic deformation of granular materials are typically hyperbolic, or contain small-magnitude damping or rate effects. A finite element algorithm is the standard method for the numerical integration of these systems. In particular, finite elements allow great flexibility in the design of grid geometry. However, modern finite difference methods for hyperbolic systems have been successful in aerodynamics computations, resolving wave structures more sharply than finite element schemes. In this paper we develop a finite difference scheme for granular flow problems. We report on a second-order Godunov-type scheme for the integration of hyperbolic equations for the elastoplastic deformation of a simple model of granular flow. The Godunov method includes a characteristic tracing step in the integration, providing minimal wave dispersion, and a slope limiting step, preventing unphysical oscillations. The granular flow model we consider is hyperbolic, but hyperbolicity is lost at a large value of accumulated plastic strain. This loss of hyperbolicity is a tell-tale signal for the formation of a shear band within the sample. Typically, when systems lose hyperbolicity a regularization mechanism is added to the model equations in order to maintain the well posedness of the system. These regularizations include viscosity, viscoplasticity, higher-order gradient effects or stress coupling. Here we appeal to a very different kind of regularization. When the system loses hyperbolicity and a shear band forms, we treat the band as an internal boundary, and impose jump conditions at this boundary. Away from the band, the system remains hyperbolic and the integration step proceeds as usual.
Approaches to Patient Health Information Exchange and Their Impact on Emergency Medicine

Regional health information organizations and electronic health information exchange may have an important impact on the practice of emergency medicine in the United States. Regional health information organizations are local or regional information-sharing networks that enable electronic data interchange among stakeholders in a given geographic area. These stakeholders may include hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, clinics, private physicians' offices, pharmacies, laboratories, radiology facilities, health departments, payers, and possibly the patients themselves. Regional health information organizations are being formed across the country to improve the safety and efficiency of clinical care; improve public health efforts, biosurveillance, and disaster management response; and potentially create large databases of deidentified aggregate data for research. Because of the unique need for rapid access to information and the acuity of the clinical environment, few areas of the health care delivery system stand to change and benefit more from health information exchange than our nation's emergency departments. This article will explain the motivation for the development of regional health information organizations, identify some of the important issues in their formation, and discuss how their development might affect the practice of emergency medicine.
Synthesis of a capped dicationic derivative of β-cyclodextrin

Abstract A derivative of β-cyclodextrin has been prepared in which the primary rim is capped by a linker containing two guanidinium groups. This compound is designed to serve as a highly preorganized host for aryl phosphate esters in aqueous solution.
Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Reversible Protein S-Glutathionylation

Abstract Sulfhydryl chemistry plays a vital role in normal biology and in defense of cells against oxidants, free radicals, and electrophiles. Modification of critical cysteine residues is an important mechanism of signal transduction, and perturbation of thiol–disulfide homeostasis is an important consequence of many diseases. A prevalent form of cysteine modification is reversible formation of protein mixed disulfides (protein–SSG) with glutathione (GSH). The abundance of GSH in cells and the ready conversion of sulfenic acids and S-nitroso derivatives to S-glutathione mixed disulfides suggests that reversible S-glutathionylation may be a common feature of redox signal transduction and regulation of the activities of redox sensitive thiol-proteins. The glutaredoxin enzyme has served as a focal point and important tool for evolution of this regulatory mechanism, because it is a specific and efficient catalyst of protein–SSG deglutathionylation. However, mechanisms of control of intracellular Grx activity...
Activation of carbonic anhydrase II by active-site incorporation of histidine analogs.

Abstract The hydration of CO2 catalyzed by human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) is accompanied by proton transfer from the zinc-bound water of the enzyme to solution. We have replaced the proton shuttling residue His 64 with Ala and placed cysteine residues within the active-site cavity by mutating sites Trp 5, Asn 62, Ile 91, and Phe 131. These mutants were modified at the single inserted cysteine with imidazole analogs to introduce new potential shuttle groups. Catalysis by these modified mutants was determined by stopped-flow and 18O-exchange methods. Specificity in proton transfer was demonstrated; only modifications of the Cys 131-containing mutant showed enhancement in the proton transfer step of catalysis compared with unmodified Cys 131-containing mutant. Modifications at other sites resulted in up to 3-fold enhancement in rates of CO2 hydration, with apparent second-order rate constants near 350 μM−1 s−1. These are among the largest values of kcat/Km observed for a carbonic anhydrase.
Reduction of biogenic VOC sampling losses from ozone via trans-2-butene addition.

The continuous addition of trans-2-butene to air containing ozone-reactive volatile and semivolatile organic compounds prior to sampling on Tenax-TA adsorbent was found to be an effective means of removing ozone and reducing analyte losses of ozone reactive biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). To allow sufficient time for ozone scavenging to occur, the reacting mixture is passed through a heated (40 °C) coil of Sulfinert (Restek Corp., Bellefonte, PA) treated stainless steel tubing. The method was evaluated using a test mixture consisting of terpenes, terpenoid alcohols, and sesquiterpenes at part per trillion (pptv) levels in air in the presence of 100 parts per billion (ppbv) of ozone. The continuous addition of trans-2-butene to produce 600 ppm (ppmv) was found to be completely effective in controlling VOC losses on Tenax-TA as long as (1) sufficient time is allowed for the ozone scavenging to occur before the VOCs are adsorbed and (2) analyte enrichment on the adsorbent does not approach the h...
On theory of 1/f noise in semiconductors

Abstract We consider an analytical model of the 1/f noise in semiconductors linking this noise to the tail states in the energy gap near the edges of the conduction or valence band. We also report on the numerical calculations confirming the analytical model. The noise has the 1/f spectrum only if the capture cross-section of the tail states changes with energy with the characteristics energy, which is smaller than the thermal energy. The noise level should have a maximum when the Fermi level lies in the vicinity of the bottom of the conduction band or of the ceiling of the valence band (several thermal energies away either in the energy gap or in the conduction or valence band). Our results also show that the noise is fairly insensitive to the exact energy dependence of the density of the tail states.
Practical Performance Analysis of Complex Switched-Capacitor Converters

This paper introduces a new analysis technique for complex switched-capacitor (SC) converters. It uses conventional circuit analysis methods to derive state-space models of each switching mode. Steady-state performance is derived and expressed as an equivalent resistance. Whereas previous techniques have provided either the detailed performance of a simple SC converter or the limiting performance of a complex SC converter, this new method is flexible enough to provide detailed performance for any practical converter. Nonuniform component choices, asymmetric duty cycle, and other deviations from an ideal converter can be readily included. Dynamics can also be analyzed. The model has been validated through simulation techniques and experimental data collected from laboratory testing.
Relationship Building in Second Marriages and Merged Families

Abstract Stressful conditions are created when parents with children remarry. The idealized family is still the intact nuclear family, and culturally we have not come to terms with the reality of merged families. Using the concept of “family as a social system” techniques are suggested in this article that help identify the commonality of family concerns and articulate personal issues
Real time monitoring of CW mode-locked dye laser pulses using a rapid-scanning autocorrelator

Abstract A scanning autocorrelator operating at a repetition rate of 60 Hz was developed to monitor the pulses generated by a synchronously pumped oxazine 1 dye laser. The system incorporates a rotating fused-silica plate in a Michelson-like interferometer to obtain a periodic linear time delay between pairs of pulses. The second-order autocorrelation function, generated by nonlinear mixing of the pulse pairs in a crystal of lithium iodate, is displayed in real time on an oscilloscope together with a reference background to provide contrast ratio information.
Must we have full moral status throughout our existence? A reply to Alfonso Gómez-Lobo.

Those who are morally opposed to abortion generally make several pivotal assumptions. This paper focuses on the assumption that we have full moral status throughout our existence. Coupled with the assumption that we come into existence at conception, the assumption about moral status entails that all human fetuses have full moral status, including a right to life. Is the assumption about moral status correct? In addressing this question, I respond to several arguments advanced, in this journal and other venues, by Alfonso Gomez-Lobo. Gomez- Lobo's reasoning resolves into two basic arguments: (1) an appeal to the practical necessity of early moral protection and (2) an appeal to our kind membership and potentiality. I respond to these in turn before offering further reflections.
Genetic neuro-scheduler: A new approach for job shop scheduling

Abstract In this paper, a hybrid approach between two new techniques, genetic algorithms and artificial neural network is described for generating job shop schedules in a discrete manufacturing environment based on nonlinear multiobjective function. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used as an effective search technique for finding an optimal schedule via population of gene strings which represent alternative feasible schedules. GA propagates new population of genes through number of cycles called generations by implementing natural genetic mechanism. Specifically, gene strings should have a structure that imposes the most common restrictive constraint; a precedence constraint. The other technique is an artificial neural network that performs multiobjective schedule evaluation. The intention is to establish an effective model that maps a complex set of scheduling criteria (i.e. flowtime, lateness) to appropriate values provided by experienced schedulers. The proposed approach is prototyped and tested on four different job shop scheduling problems based on problem size, namely; small, medium, large, and a sample problem provided by a company. The comparative results indicate that the proposed approach is consistently better than those of heuristic algorithms used extensively in industry.
Vortex–antivortex behavior in a tilted YBa2Cu3O7−δ crystal

Abstract Previous magnetization-vector measurements on a YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− δ crystal, tilted by angles ( θ ) of up to 90° relative to the fixed field applied initially along the c axis during cooling to 4.2 K, have revealed that the original trapped vortices along c develop sizeable branches in the ab planes. These measurements have now been extended on the same crystal to tilt angles of up to 180°, and it is found that B ab , the flux density component along ab , reverses in sign and reaches a large negative maximum near θ =135°, despite the positive orientation of the internal field along ab . This anomalous behavior of B ab is attributed to the entry of antivortices that form branches antiparallel to the original vortex branches along ab as a consequence of strongly attractive antivortex–vortex interactions. The varying coexistence of antivortex and vortex branches is seen to be reversible as θ is cycled between 90° and 180°.
Kyoto Protocol one step closer

The European Union (EU) could soon decide to ratify the Kyoto Protocol on climate change, following a 4 March meeting of the European Commissions environment council to approve the treaty. European Commission President Romani Prodi said the council's move enables the 15 EU member states to take the steps toward simultaneous ratification together with the commission before 1 June.“I urge our partners both in the developed and in the developing countries to also ratify the Kyoto Protocol soon,” he said.
Saturation Factors for Leakage Reactance of Induction Motors with Skewed Rotors

Expressions for the saturation factors for the leakage reactance of induction motors with skewed rotors are derived. Saturation is taken into account by the effect of the combined slot-, zigzag-, and skew-leakage flux on the permeances of the flux leakage paths. Curves of saturation factors and leakage reactance of a standard motor are compared with test.
Options for Studying Star Formation at High Redshift

I briefly summarize recent observational results that, taken together, imply that star formation and the protogalactic era may be taking place at z 5. I discuss the implications of these results for planned instruments and missions and suggest that modification of the Far-Infrared and Submillimeter Space Telescope (FIRST) and Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) mission instruments to include longer wavelength capability be considered.
The Complement System in Pregnancy

Maternal recognition of fetal antigens is well-documented. Antibodies directed against fetal antigens are the rule rather than the exception. Maternal antibodies seem to bind fetal antigens at the placental level and apparently activate the complement system even in normal pregnancy, yet multiple studies confirm an increase in C1q, C4, C3 and CH50 levels in pregnancy and an absence of complement activation. More sensitive assays and a broadened concept of the timing of crucial immunologic events may lead to a greater understanding of the importance of the complement system in pregnancy.
2010 Presidential Address: Learning Religion and Religiously Learning amid Global Cultural Flows.

Abstract Emerging social media that build on digital technologies are reshaping how we interact with each other. Religious education and identity formation within these new cultural flows demands recognition of the shifts in authority, authenticity, and agency that are taking place, as well as the challenges posed by “context collapse.” Digital storytelling is one mechanism by which religious educators can help people to apprentice into practices shaped by a commitment to human freedom and relationality, rather than to public performances of hatred.
Path-integral solubility of two-dimensional models.

We apply the technique of Fujikawa to solve for simple two-dimensional models by looking at the nontrivial transformation properties of the fermion measure in the path-integral formalism. We obtain the most general solution for the massless Thirring model and point out how the one-parameter solution reduces to that of Johnson and Sommerfield in a particular limit. We present the most general solution for the massive vector model indicating how it reduces to the solutions of Brown and Sommerfield for different values of the parameter. The solution of a gradient-coupling model is also discussed.
Quantum confinement of PbS microcrystals in glass

Abstract A microcrystalline PbS phase has been thermally produced from an oxide glass host. X-ray linewidth measurements have shown that the average particle size can be controlled in the range 8–30 nm, depending on the thermal development schedule. Quantum confinement behavior has been observed based on the measurement of sub-band structure of the absorption edge. Spectral shifts of the sub-bands were found to be consistent with the inverse square of the particle size, consistent with a quantum confinement origin. A lower-concentration PbSe phase has also been obtained from the same base-glass composition showing similar optical effects.
Where the World Ended: Re‐Unification and Identity in the German Borderland

Where the World Ended: Re-Unification and Identity in the German Borderland. Daphne Berdahl. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. xiii. 294 pp., maps, photographs, notes, bibliography, index.
Mourning Dove's Cogewea: Writing Her Way into Modernity

This is the trouble, thefate of the average breed of today. They are encouraged to tryforget their Indian ancestry, after they once learn the white man's books and ways. They banish the idea of old tribal customs and laugh to scorn that which was sacred to the generations past. Some of the Indian system is bad, much of it is good; but it must all give place to that of the Shoyahpee [white man], who arrogantly proclaims that of philosophies, his alone is worthy of emulation. -Mourning Dove, Cogewea (242) Written in the era of the modernist movement, Mourning Dove's Cogewea, The Half-Blood (1927) provides a compelling discursive site in which to explore the central dynamics of the transformational moment called modernity. To speak of this melodramatic Western romance in the same breath as Modernism (with a capital 'M') seems a slippery and questionable endeavor. In terms of its formal elements, this text fits none of the many paradigmatic definitions of modernism in the field of modernist studies. But in terms of this text's project to map out a crucial transitional moment for Native Americans, I suggest that it plays a pivotal role in our understanding of the modern moment while it simultaneously works to redefine our perception of modernity. Through Mourning Dove's Cogewea, I seek to explore the central question of how the notion of modernity would change if we were to examine it from a Native American writer's point of view. The field of modernist studies has become a locus of contested
VARIATION OF STOMATAL DISTRIBUTION IN CAREX AQUATILIS (CYPERACEAE)

The density and distribution of stomates in Carex aquatilis Wahl. in the Pacific Northwest were examined using epidermal peels of samples of leaves from natural populations, from greenhouse-grown transplants and from seedling families grown under controlled conditions. These were compared to stomatal distributions of populations in eastern North America. Populations of Carex aquatilis Wahl. form 2 groups based on the distribution and density of stomates. Carex aquatilis var. dives (Holm) Kiikenthal is epistomatic, with adaxial stomatal densities of 28.7-48.5/0.1 mm2. The C. aquatilis var. aquatilis is amphistomatic, with adaxial stomatal densities of 8.1-22.2/0.1 mm2 and abaxial densities of 1.3-24.5/0.1 mm2 in the Pacific Northwest. Total stomatal frequencies are similar in both groups. Stomatal distribution and densities are here shown to not vary significantly within populations and appear to be genetically determined, as shown by progeny tests and growth of seedlings under uniform and experimental conditions. Stomatal distribution in Carex aquatilis appears to be adaptive, and intraspecific variation provides a system for determining the adaptive significance of differences in stomatal patterns.
Reaction kinetics of the aldol condensation of mixed C7 aldehydes

Abstract A novel process couples hydroformylation with aldol condensation to form detergent alcohols from low-cost branched hexenes. Kinetic studies for the aldol condensation of the hydroformylation products, mixed heptanals, were performed to find ways of increasing the very slow reaction rates. The effects of co-solvent concentration, base concentration, batch residence times, temperature and aldehyde concentration were evaluated in batch experimental runs. Results showed that increasing the concentration of a methanol co-solvent and of the NaOH gave faster reaction rates. When methanol or other hydrophilic organic compound was not used as a co-solvent for the aldol condensation reaction, the reaction was first order in aldehyde concentration. However, methanol made the reaction second order in aldehyde concentration. Separate kinetic models were developed for the α-branched aldehydes and for the aldehydes unbranched at the α-position. The α-branched aldehydes must cross-aldol with aldehydes unbranched at the α-position for condensation to occur, and a different kinetic model results. Complete kinetic equations were derived and rate constants at 110 °C were determined for each aldehyde.
Distinction between alpha-fetoprotein and intracellular estrogen receptors: evidence against the presence of estradiol receptors in rat bone.

The association of osteoporosis with the post-menopausal state and the belief that estrogen replacement may be efficacious in treating the osteoporotic process has created considerable interest in the action of estrogens on bone. The purpose of the present study was to ascertain whether specific receptor sites for estradiol could be demonstrated in rat bone, thus providing a basis for the direct action of estrogen at the bone cell level. Cytoplasmic extracts from a variety of bones were incubated with [3H]estradiol and bound receptors were measured by Sephadex chromatography. Cultured bone cells from fetal calvaria and cytosol from adult ovariectomized females failed to exhibit estrogen receptors, although glucocorticoid receptors could be demonstrated as previously described. Mixing experiments indicated that the absence of receptors was not due to interference by the other factors in bone cytosol or by attachment of receptors to bone hydroxylapatite. Examination of bones freshly isolated from perinatal ...
Wound healing in potato tuber tissue: phosphon inhibition of developmental processes requiring protein synthesis.

Several aspects of wound healing in tuber tissue of potato (Solanum tuberosum var. Kennebec), known to require protein synthesis, are inhibited by 2,4-dichlorobenzyltributylphosphonium chloride (Phosphon D). Cell division was completely blocked by 60 μm Phosphon and markedly reduced by concentrations as low as 3 μm. When applied at the time of wounding, 0.25mm Phosphon completely prevented the wound-induced respiratory increase. Application at 15 hours after wounding arrested respiration at the rate present at that time. The same concentrations of Phosphon inhibited auxin-induced cell expansion of the tissue, protein synthesis as measured by the incorporation of leucine-14C into the trichloroacetic acid-insoluble fraction of tissue disks, and the appearance of wound-induced peroxidase isozymes. None of these inhibitory effects of Phosphon could be prevented or reversed by the application of gibberellic acid. All wound-induced processes inhibited by Phosphon are also inhibited by cycloheximide. It is suggested that inhibitory effects of Phosphon on wound healing in potato and on other developmental processes in excised plant tissues which cannot be reversed by gibberellin are due to interference with protein synthesis.
High-throughput real-time monitoring of Gs-coupled receptor activation in intact cells using cyclic nucleotide-gated channels.

Abstract Cyclic adenosine-monophosphate (cAMP) is one of the major second messenger molecules transmitting extracellular stimuli into short- and long-term changes of intracellular homeostasis. Measurements of cellular cAMP levels are often used to quantify and characterize signaling by G protein-coupled receptors. Current assays for cAMP determination are usually end-point assays involving cell lysis. We have developed a technology to monitor real-time changes of cAMP levels in living cells. This method uses a modified cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) Ca2+ channel which is opened by intracellular cAMP. Thus, changes in cAMP levels are translated into changes in free Ca2+ which can easily be measured using fluorimetric imaging technologies compatible with high-throughput screening formats. The new assay method was used to characterize the pharmacology of various endogenously and heterologously expressed G protein-coupled receptors and allows for the simultaneous study of Gs, Gi and Gq-linked receptors in the same cell population.
Turning information into knowledge to prevent health care-associated infections and other adverse events: the electronic ICP as an agent of change.

Infection control professionals (ICPs) often find themselves “swimming in an ocean of information.” A longstanding challenge has been to turn this vast amount of information into a more usable form to create knowledge and ultimately to use this knowledge to create wisdom. Indeed, surveillance activities consume as much as 30% of the typical ICP’s time, and although occasionally this can be tedious, it also is a significant source of value they bring to the health care system.
Oncolytic viral purging of leukemic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with Myxoma virus

High-dose chemotherapy and radiation followed by autologous blood and marrow transplantation (ABMT) has been used for the treatment of certain cancers that are refractory to standard therapeutic regimes. However, a major challenge with ABMT for patients with hematologic malignancies is disease relapse, mainly due to either contamination with cancerous hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) within the autograft or the persistence of residual therapy-resistant disease niches within the patient. Oncolytic viruses represent a promising therapeutic approach to prevent cancer relapse by eliminating tumor-initiating cells that contaminate the autograft. Here we summarize an ex vivo "purging" strategy with oncolytic Myxoma virus (MYXV) to remove cancer-initiating cells from patient autografts prior to transplantation. MYXV, a novel oncolytic poxvirus with potent anti-cancer properties in a variety of in vivo tumor models, can specifically eliminate cancerous stem and progenitor cells from samples obtained from acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients, while sparing normal CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells capable of rescuing hematopoiesis following high dose conditioning. We propose that a broader subset of patients with intractable hematologic malignancies who have failed standard therapy could become eligible for ABMT when the treatment schema is coupled with ex vivo oncolytic therapy.
Temporal Segmentation Of Image Sequences

extraction. This is in contrast to the early approaches of twoframe analysis. The use of long image sequences permitssome additional constraints like the continuity of motion tobe exploited provided that the frames are acquired at regularshort intervals of time. Motion analysis approaches usinglong image sequences are also more robust to noise due tothe redundancy of input data. This makes these approachesmore suitable for realistic applications.For motion analysis approaches using an extended imagesequence, it is very important that any motion discontinuityacross time be identified. This is independent of the goal ofmotion analysis, as such a detection of motion discontinuitywill permit the integration of desired information only fromthe appropriate part of the extended image sequence. As an
Action Potential Classifiers: a Functional Comparison of Template Matching, Principal Components Analysis and an Artificial Neural Network

Multiunit neural activity occurs often in electrophysiological studies when utilizing extracellular electrodes. In order to estimate the activity of the individual neurons each action potential in the recording must be classified to its neuron of origin. This paper compares the accuracy of two traditional methods of action potential classification-template matching and principal components-against the performance of an artificial neural network (ANN). Both traditional methods use averages of action potential shapes to form their corresponding classifiers while the artificial neural network 'learns' a nonlinear relationship between a set of prototype action potentials and assigned classes. The set of prototypic action potentials and the assigned classes is termed the training set. The training set contained action potentials from each class which exhibited the full range of amplitude variability. The ANN provided better classification results and was more robust in analysis of across-animal data sets than either of the traditional action potential classification methods.
Comparison of the Adhesive Shear Modulus in Bulk and Bonded States

Abstract A method is proposed for determining the in situ shear modulus of a structural adhesive from a sandwich beam loaded in 3-point bending in which the adhesive is contained as a thin layer. Expressions for calculating the elastic shear modulus of the adhesive layer from compliance data on the beam are derived, and experimental tests to validate the theory are conducted. To verify the test results, tensile tests are also conducted, and the shear modulus for bulk adhesive is determined using the constitutive equation for an isotropic material relating tensile modulus and Poisson's ratio to shear modulus. However, the bulk shear modulus as traditionally determined from a tensile test was up to an order of magnitude greater than the in situ shear modulus obtained from the 3-point bend test. A finite element simulation and sensitivity study replicated the experimental results of the 3-point bend tests, and showed that using the shear modulus obtained from the tensile tests would result in significant err...
Automated reconstruction of neural tissue and the role of large-scale simulation.

Keywords DIADEM.High-throughput.Neuralreconstruction.Neural tissue.Simulation.Compartmentalmodeling.Hodgkin Huxley model.Structural modeling.Developmental modeling.Neuron growth.Parallelcomputing.Data decomposition.Neural Tissue Simulator.Blue GeneThe brain implements a myriad of global brain functions tosupport adaptive behaviors. Despite their seeming innumer-ability, these emerge from combinations of lower levelfunctions implemented by a relatively small set of braintissues. Evidence from brain imaging studies shows thatspatiotemporal patterns of activations across different braintissues correlate with brain function (and hence with anorganism’s behavior). To support a diversity of globalfunctions, gross connections between brain tissues, whilestructurally static, must undergo modulation. The strengthof this modulation can define functional boundaries andinterfaces between brain tissues: wherever functionalrelationships between brain regions are highly modulated,tissue boundaries occur.Tissue-level functions, while also diverse, are morestereotyped than global brain functions. Similar to spatio-temporal modulation and recombination of tissue activa-tion, variation and recombination of familiar structuralelements of the brain (neurons and their connections,synapses) generate tissue-level functions. Unlike otherorgans’ gross morphological specializations of singletissues (e.g., muscle, bone) brain specialization yieldsdistinct tissues derived from stationary statistical combina-tions of a variety of neuron and synapse types in space,which we define as microcircuitry. Measurable, consistentpatterning of microcircuitry across a tissue and in differentorganisms (i.e., stereotypy) further defines a tissue’sboundaries: wherever patterning changes abruptly, onetissue ends and another begins.Shepherd defined microcircuits abstractly and indepen-dent of neural tissues, based on simple computations theymight implement.
Identification of children's stuttered and nonstuttered speech by highly experienced judges: binary judgments and comparisons with disfluency-types definitions.

Purpose The purposes of this study were (a) to determine whether highly experienced clinicians and researchers agreed with each other in judging the presence or absence of stuttering in the speech ...
Characterization of three distinct flavonol O-methyltransferases from Chrysosplenium americanum

Abstract The partially purified O-methyltransferase (OMT) system of Chrysosplenium americanum was found to catalyse the stepwise O-methylation of quercetin to its mono-, di- and trimethyl derivatives. It also utilized the partially methylated flavonol intermediates to form the next higher order of O-methylated products; thus indicating the involvement of several OMTs. The latter were resolved by chromatofocusing into three distinct peaks of enzyme activity which focused at pI values 4.8, 5.4 and 5.7. The former enzyme O-methylated quercetin at the 3-position, whereas the latter two O-methylated 3, 7-di-O-methyl quercetagetin at the 3′- and 6-positions, respectively. None of the focused enzymes accepted caffeic acid, or other flavonoids such as kaempferol or luteolin, as substrates; thus indicating specificity towards flavonols with 3′, 4′- substitution. The three OMTs had similar MWs and the Km values for their substrates were of the same order of magnitude. The biochemical role of these novel enzymes is discussed in relation to the biosynthesis of polymethylated flavonols in this tissue.
Tomographic imaging of absolute optical absorption coefficient in turbid media using combined photoacoustic and diffusing light measurements

We present a new method that can provide high resolution images of absolute optical absorption coefficient in heterogeneous turbid media. In this method, acoustic measurements in conventional photoacoustic tomography are combined with diffusing light measurements to separate the product of absorption coefficient and optical fluence or photon density. We validate this method using a series of tissuelike phantom experiments. The experimental results show that targets as small as 0.5 mm in diameter with optical absorption contrasts as low as 1.5 relative to a 50 mm diameter scattering background medium can be clearly detected.
Interface states in abrupt semiconductor heterojunctions

Abstract A perfect match of lattice constants is not normally possible in heterojunctions and, therefore, defects, mainly in the form of interfacial dislocations, are present at the heterojunctions interface. Experimental evidence for the electrical properties of isolated bulk dislocations, grain boundary dislocations and dangling bonds at surfaces, as well as at SiO 2 Si interfaces, suggests that interfacial defects at heterojunctions produce important effects. In particular, for lattice mismatches of about 1 per cent or greater, sufficient interface states should be created to bend the bands at the interface and, thus, largely determine the device characteristics. In addition, interfacial dislocations would be expected to cause severe minority carrier recombination, even for lattice mismatches of as low as 0·05 per cent. Therefore, efficient wide-gap-emitter action in Ge/GaAs p - n heterojunctions is likely to be difficult to achieve. The electrical characteristics of some n - n and p - p Ge/Si are reported and can be accounted for on the basis of a heterojunction theory including interface states. The electron affinity difference ( χ Ge - χ Si ) is 0·15 ± 0·03 eV as determined from the Ge/Si n - n structures.
The Leadosaurus Task Force: An Educational Project to Identify and Remediate Lead Poisoning in the Muessel School Neighborhood

The existence and effects of lead poisoning continue to plague young children and their families, particularly children in older inner city neighborhoods. A task force in South Bend, Indiana, developed a parental education program which was implemented at an inner city elementary school. The program involved parent education, events for the children, a blood lead level assessment, and observations of the children's academic and social skills. Conclusions pointed to the importance of personal contact with parents and the continuing need for lead abatement in older housing stock.
Crosslinked Protein Glue Containing Chicken Blood for Interior-Type Plywood

Abstract Soluble dried chicken blood was evaluated as an ingredient of a protein glue for interior-type plywood manufacture. Yellow birch and southern yellow pine plywood panels meeting industry’s standard for bond quality were prepared using a 1:1 chicken blood-soy flour mixture crosslinked with dialdehyde starch. The results obtained show promise for a new large-volume use for poultry blood.
Effects of Ground-Water Seepage on Fluvial Processes

Field observations of a small stream have indicated that seepage of water into or out of a stream may greatly alter stream competence. Theoretically, water seeping through the stream bed exerts a drag on quartz grains that changes stream competence by the factor 1.65/(1.65 − i ) where i is the seepage gradient. Experiments in laboratory flumes, however, indicate that seepage through a stream bed, despite its effect on effective grain density, causes no change in competence in gaining streams nor in losing streams that lack a mud seal. Possibly the expected change in competence is partially counteracted by the accompanying changes in form drag and surface drag on the grains. Flume experiments also show that upward seepage reduces the steepness of bed forms and decreases bed roughness, whereas downward seepage steepens the bed forms and increases bed roughness, but these changes appear to be insufficient to cause any measurable change in the slope of the water surface. Downward seepage in the presence of sufficient suspended sediment, however, can lead to the formation of a mud seal on the surface of a stream bed; this results in a great increase of the effective density of the bed sediment and may result in the total elimination of sediment entrainment from the bed.
Food Cravings and Dislikes of Pregnant Women from Four WIC Clinics in Texas

Abstract To objectives of this study were to determine food cravings and dislikes of pregnant women who practiced pica and women who did not practice pica. Mothers (n=281) with infants less than one year old who participated in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) were interviewed at four WIC Clinics in Houston and Prairie View, Texas. Women were asked open-ended questions about food cravings and dislikes during pregnancy and were also asked to report changes in food habits related to pregnancy when read a list of foods. The women were 88.6% African American, 6.8% Hispanic, and 4.6% Caucasian. Most of the women (n=215) practiced pica. Pica substances identified included ice, freezer frost, baking soda, baking powder, cornstarch, laundry starch, baby powder and dirt. Women who practiced pica reported more food cravings and dislikes than women who did not. Two thirds of women who reported food cravings didn't know why they had cravings; 13% of women attributed their food cravings to their pregnancy and 6% attributed their food cravings to a feeling that "the baby wanted it". The most commonly reported craved food items were fruit and fruit juice, ice cream, seafood, meats, pizza, and vegetables. The most commonly reported disliked food items were chicken, vegetables, meats, spaghetti, eggs, and seafood. Women who ate other pica substances in addition to ice were more likely to change their food habits during pregnancy. They reported higher consumption of sweets, salty foods, starchy foods, oils and fats, and protein foods. It is unclear why women who ate other pica substances in addition to ice were more likely to change their food habits during pregnancy. A majority of all women reported an increase in consumption of milk, orange juice, and cereal; this reported increase was probably due to increased availability of these foods from WIC participation.
Applications of situated learning to foster communities of practice

The authors discuss 2 macro-level community practice courses, examining how each applies the concepts of situated learning to foster the development of communities of practice through use of a unique model for antioppressive practice. The theoretical underpinnings and a discussion of the implementation of each stage of the model is provided. The authors consider the implications of this model for student understanding of privilege, oppression, and power and the use of antioppressive community practice approaches through the development of specific communities of practice. The development of transformative learning that included the students, the instructor, and community members is also highlighted.
Bandwidth requirements for video transmission of american sign language and finger spelling

Although current video communication schemes use a bandwidth on the order of 1 megahertz, the bandwidth required for video communication of American Sign Language by a simple raster scan is only approximately 20 kilohertz.
Cache performance of garbage-collected programs

As processor speeds continue to improve relative to main-memory access times, cache performance is becoming an increasingly important component of program performance. Prior work on the cache performance of garbage-collected programs either argues or assumes that conventional garbage-collection methods will yield poor performance, and has therefore concentrated on new collection algorithms designed specifically to improve cache-level reference locality.This paper argues to the contrary: Many programs written in garbage-collected languages are naturally well-suited to the direct-mapped caches typically found in modern computer systems. Garbage-collected programs written in a mostly-functional style should perform well when simple linear storage allocation and an infrequently-run generational compacting collector are employed; sophisticated collectors intended to improve cache performance are unlikely to be necessary. As locality becomes ever more important to program performance, programs of this kind may turn out to have a significant performance advantage over programs written in traditional languages.