cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Common synaptic input to the human hypoglossal motor nucleus.

The tongue plays a key role in various volitional and automatic functions such as swallowing, maintenance of airway patency, and speech. Precisely how hypoglossal motor neurons, which control the t...
Improving patient flow in a hospital emergency department

Hospital emergency departments in the US are facing increasing challenges due to growth in patient demand for their services, and inability to increase capacity to match demand. We report on a new approach to patient flow in emergency departments, and a simulation model of the approach. Initial results from the model show that the approach is feasible, and a pilot study demonstrates substantial improvements in patient care.
Good Psychosocial Adaptation to Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators

Sudden cardiac death accounts for approximately 450,000 of all annual cardiac deaths in the United States alone [1], making it one of the leading causes of death today [2]. Although the pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death remains unclear, it has been accepted that the majority of these out-of-the-hospital deaths are caused by ventricular fibrillation related to a malignant ventricular arrhythmia [1]. One year mortality rates (26%) remain high despite the availability of potent antiarrhythmic agents and arrhythmia surgery [1,3].
Selecting Measures for Use in Child Mental Health Services: A Scorecard Approach

The implementation of evidence-based treatments in mental health services requires reliable and valid measurements to guide treatment. This study evaluated the efficiency of three caretaker-report measures of child psychiatric disorders. Data from 211 caregivers were used to assess the CBCL, the OHIO, and the SDQ. A scorecard methodology was implemented to determine the efficiency of each scale as compared to the DISC-IV. Across measures, the OHIO was optimal for assessing services need while the CBCL and SDQ provided better disorder-specific assessment. Results may improve clinical practice by providing an empirical approach to the selection of assessment tools.
Effect of helical corrugations on the low Reynolds number flow in a tube

The low Reynolds number flow in a tube with helically corrugated wavy wall is solved for the first time. The Navier–Stokes equations are perturbed using the small wavy amplitude as parameter. For given pitch λ there exists an optimum number of circumferential waves n where the resistance is minimum. For given n there exists an optimum λ where the induced axial rotation of the flow is maximum. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Short‐term effects of fertilization on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) physiology

Fertilization commonly increases biomass production in loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.). However, the sequence of short-term physiological adjustments allowing for the establishment of leaf area and enhanced growth is not well understood. The effects of fertilization on photosynthetic parameters, root respiration, and growth for over 200 d following the application of diammonium phosphate were intensively investigated in an effort to establish a relative sequence of events associated with improved growth. Root respiration, foliar nitrogen concentration [N] f , and lightsaturated net photosynthesis ( A sat ) temporarily increased following fertilization. A sat was correlated positively with [N] f when non-fertilized and fertilized treatments were pooled ( R 2 = 0.47). Increased photosynthetic capacity following fertilization was due to both improved photochemical efficiency and capacity and enhanced carboxylation capacity of Rubisco. Positive effects of fertilization on growth were observed shortly after A sat increased. Fertilized seedlings had 36.5% more leaf area and 36.5% greater total dry weight biomass at 211 d following fertilization. It is concluded that fertilization temporarily increased photosynthetic capacity, which resulted in a pool of photo-assimilate used to build leaf area. The N from fertilizer initially invested in photosynthetic structures and enzymes probably re-translocated to newly developing foliage, explaining the reduction in [N] f and A sat that was observed after peak levels were achieved following fertilization.
Feature-based decomposition of inductive proofs applied to real-time avionics software: an experience report

The hardware and software in modern aircraft control systems are good candidates for verification using formal methods: they are complex, safety-critical, and challenge the capabilities of test-based verification strategies. We have previously reported on our use of model checking to verify the time partitioning property of the Deos/spl trade/ real-time operating system for embedded avionics. The size and complexity of this system have limited us to analyzing only one configuration at a time. To overcome this limit and generalize our analysis to arbitrary configurations we have turned to theorem proving. This paper describes our use of the PVS theorem prover to analyze the Deos scheduler. In addition to our inductive proof of the time partitioning invariant, we present a feature-based technique for modeling state-transition systems and formulating inductive invariants. This technique facilitates an incremental approach to theorem proving that scales well to models of increasing complexity, and has the potential to be applicable to a wide range of problems.
Representation of Scientific Methodology in Secondary Science Textbooks

This study explored how eight widely used secondary science textbooks described scientific methodology and to what degree the textbooks’ examples and investigations were consistent with this description. Data consisted of all text from student and teacher editions that referred to scientific methodology and all investigations. Analysis used an ethnographic content analysis approach. Results indicated that all eight textbooks presented mixed views of scientific methodology in their initial descriptions. Five textbooks emphasized the stereotypical “scientific method,” while the other three placed more emphasis on the more appropriate view that scientists use a variety of methods when conducting investigations. Results also revealed that the initial descriptions, examples, and investigations were inconsistent in six of the eight textbooks. These findings suggest that compared to earlier investigations, textbooks have somewhat broadened their explicit descriptions of scientific methodology, but continue to implicitly present a more narrow and traditional view through text and investigations. This inconsistency is likely to lead to confusion as students try to make sense of the richness and complexity of ways that scientists construct knowledge.
Priority-monotonic energy management for real-time systems with reliability requirements

Considering the impact of the popular energy management technique Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) on system reliability, the Reliability-Aware Power Management (RA-PM) problem has been recently explored to save energy while maintaining system reliability. In this work, focusing on Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS) policy, we study static RA-PM schemes for periodic realtime tasks. After showing the intractability of the problem, we focus on two widely-known feasibility tests for RMS (namely, the Liu-Layland bound and Time Demand Analysis) and propose a number of heuristics based on the priority-monotonic speed assignment. The heuristics are evaluated through extensive simulations.
Learning from summaries of videos: Applying batch mode active learning to face-based biometrics

Against the backdrop of growing concerns about security and privacy, biometrics has emerged as a methodology to reliably infer the identity of an individual. In biometric applications like face recognition, real world data is usually generated in batches such as frames of video in a capture session. The captured data has high redundancy and it is a significant challenge to select the most promising instances from this superfluous set for training a classifier. Active learning methods select only the salient instances for annotation and have gained popularity to reduce the number of examples required to learn a classification model. Typical active learning techniques select one example from an unlabeled set at a time and the classifier is retrained after every selected example. However, there have been very limited efforts in this field to select a batch of salient instances at one shot to update the classification model. In this work, a novel batch mode active learning scheme, specifically tailored to handle the high redundancy of biometric data, has been formulated and validated on the person recognition problem. The instance selection is based on numerical optimization of an objective function, which can be adapted to suit the requirements of a particular application and to integrate additional available information. The results obtained on the widely used VidTIMIT and the NIST MBGC datasets certify the potential of this method in being used for real world biometric recognition problems.
Critical Concerns of Production Control System on Projects with Labor Constraints: Lessons from a Residential Case Study

Labor constraints and schedule pressures are common in periods of high market growth. Such conditions can have a significant impact on project performance. However, the extent to which such conditions impact the project depends on the effectiveness of the production control system. This case study analyzes the performance problems on a large residential project with significant labor constraints. The case first describes how the combination of labor shortage, high workload, and quality problems caused extensive workflow disruptions and schedule delays. Then, the analysis discusses why the production control system (the way the work assignments are planned, coordinated, and released for execution) failed to effectively manage these problems. The case is based on data from nine single-family houses in a large residential development. To evaluate the production control system, the authors used lean construction metrics and collected detailed data on the activities completed every week, the activities that we...
Near Real-Time MODIS Applications Supporting Operation Iraqi Freedom

*† ‡ § , An automated system for transitioning and hosting high spatial/spectral resolution near real-time research-grade data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); sensors aboard the Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra and Aqua sunsynchronous platforms provided direct support of Department of Defense (DoD) assets during Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Through an inter-agency collaboration between the DoD, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), swift progress from concept to implementation enabled time-critical and mission-specific value-added satellite imagery pertaining to dust storms, nocturnal low cloud detection, convective cloud diagnostics, snow/cloud discrimination and fire/hot-spot detection to reach DoD customers for use in strike briefs, aircraft routing, ship navigation, and target and weapons selection. This paper details the data procurement, processing, and implementation during OIF for the fully automated Satellite Focus system.
Resource Use by Two Sympatric Black Basses in Impounded and Riverine Sections of the New River, Virginia

Abstract Smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu and spotted bass M. punctulatus are sympatric in riverine and impounded sections of the New River, Virginia. Resource use (habitat and food) by the two species was investigated to determine patterns and extent of resource partitioning and how those patterns might differ between lotic and lentic environments. Growth and body condition were also measured to assess performance of populations of the two species in the study areas. Diet analyses showed that similar prey were consumed by the two species. Habitat use differed along a lotic–lentic gradient; spotted bass were predominant in the impoundment, and smallmouth bass were more abundant in the river. Spatial segregation also occurred within river and impoundment habitats. In the impoundment, smallmouth bass were concentrated in areas with steep dropoffs and rocky substrates, and in the river, they used shoreline areas more than midriver areas. Spotted bass were widely distributed in the impoundment but were mo...
Private-public school differences in the United States: Findings from the second international mathematics study

Abstract Differences in public and private education in the United States were examined. Using the eighth grade sample from the Second International Mathematics Study, achievement differences were found favoring private schools at the beginning and the end of the year. After adjusting posttest scores for fathers' occupation and the pretest, the differences were smaller, but still favored private schools. Additional findings include higher attitudes toward mathematics by students in private schools, higher instructional coverage in private schools and differences in the training and job requirements for teachers in private and public schools.
Experimental Evaluation of Longitudinal Splitting in Unidirectional Composites

An experimental study was conducted to determine the fracture behavior of centernotched, unidirectional graphite/epoxy laminates when subjected to tensile loading. The actual behavior is compared to the behavior predicted by a mathematical model based on classical shear-lag assumptions. Experimental results show the fracture behavior to consist of two modes of longitudinal matrix splitting. After split initiation, a region of slow, stable split growth occurs. This is followed by a distinct transition into a rapid split growth region. However, the shear-lag model predicts a single region of rapid longitudinal split growth behavior with unbounded splitting occurring after approximately a ten percent increase in the applied stress over the split initiation stress. It is therefore concluded that the classical shear-lag model does not accurately predict the complete longitudinal split growth behavior in a brittle matrix composite. This shortcoming in the model and some results obtained from related elasticity solutions are discussed and it is suggested that the slow, stable split growth region is likely dominated by transverse matrix normal stresses which are not accounted for in the classical shear-lag model.
Average and extreme range in degree‐day units in the United States

A “degree-day” Is one when the average temperature is 64°F. A day which has an average temperature of 54° is sometimes called “11-degree-days”, and one with an average temperature of 0°, “65-degree-days”. However, instead of calling a single zero-day 65-degree-days, here it is said to have 65 degree-day units.
Late Preterm Infants Have Worse 24-Month Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Than Term Infants

Late preterm infants (34 -37 weeks' gestation) are of- ten perceived at similar risks for morbidity and mortality as term infants. OBJECTIVE: To compare the neurodevelopmental outcomes of late preterm to term infants. METHODS: Our study sample of 6300 term and 1200 late preterm in- fants came from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort. We used general estimating equations to get weighted odds of having developmental delay, mental index scores (MDI) or psychomotor index scores (PDI) 70, at 24 months of age. RESULTS: Late preterm infants compared with term infants had lower MDI (85 vs 89) and PDI (88 vs 92), both P.0001, respectively. A higher proportion of late preterm infants compared with term infants had an MDI 70 (21% vs 16%; P.0001). An equal number had PDIs 70 (6.1% vs 6.5%). After controlling for statistically significant and clini- cally relevant descriptive characteristics, late preterm infants still had higher odds of mental (odds ratio: 1.52 (95% confidence interval: 1.26 - 1.82) P.0001) or physical (odds ratio: 1.56 (95% confidence interval: 1.30 -1.89) P.0001) developmental delay.
The Humanbecoming Connection Nursing Students Find Meaning in the Teaching-Learning Processes

Students are building a foundation to help them move fluidly and naturally while making human to human connections. Parse's theory of humanbecoming and the associated teaching-learning processes were used as underpinnings to guide students as they come to know more about themselves and others. The teaching-learning processes help nursing students understand that being present and bearing witness are an important part of honoring quality of life and respecting value choices. The purpose of this column is to highlight the humanbecoming teaching-learning processes as students explore their experiences of learning to be with others in true presence.
Acoustic plate-wave biosensing

The biosensing potential of a flexural plate-wave delay-line oscillator is described. Experimental results confirm theoretical predictions that the sensor can operate in contact with a liquid and still detect small changes in membrane mass. A response to adsorbed proteins is observed as a prelude to the detection of specific biomolecular reactions and implies that the sensor can be used to monitor specific biomolecular reactions. The delay-line oscillator also provides a tool for monitoring adsorption of molecules at each step of a covalent immobilization process in real time. >
Stretching the limits of FPGA SerDes for enhanced ATE performance

This paper describes a multi-gigahertz test module to enhance the performance capabilities of automated test equipment (ATE), such as high-speed signal generation, loopback testing, jitter injection, etc. The test module includes a core logic block consisting of a high-performance FPGA. It is designed to be compatible with existing ATE infrastructure; connecting to the device under test (DUT) via a device interface board (DIB). The core logic block controls the test module's functionality, thereby allowing it to operate independently of the ATE. Exploiting recent advances in FPGA SerDes, the test module is able to generate very high (multi-GHz) data rates at a relatively low cost. In this paper we demonstrate multiplexing logic to generate higher data rates (up to 10Gbps) and a low-jitter buffered loopback path to carry high speed signals from the DUT back to the DUT. The test module can generate 10Gbps signals with ~32ps (p-p) jitter, while the loopback path adds ~20ps (p-p) jitter to the input signal.
Optically Activated Gate Control for Power Electronics

This paper outlines and demonstrates a novel optically activated gate control (OAGC) mechanism that can dynamically affect power-converter switching loss, dv/dt and di/dt stresses, and electromagnetic emission at the device level by controlling the switching dynamics of the power semiconductor device (PSD) via modulation of its excitation current using a GaAs-based optically triggered power transistor (OTPT). Further, due to conductivity modulation of the OTPT using direct photogeneration, the switching initiation delay using the OTPT-based OAGC approach is almost negligible, as compared to prevalent fiber-optics-based techniques for power electronics. Starting with a description of the basic mechanism of the OAGC and how it differs from other active-gate-control-based approaches, this paper outlines the implementation of the OAGC (including the design of the GaAs-based OTPT) and the mechanism for controlling the PSD turn-on an turn- off dynamics by varying the optical intensity of the OTPT. Subsequently, the fundamental parameter, linking the control of the OTPT and its impact on the performance parameters of the power converter, is identified and the correlation is experimentally demonstrated. Finally, to address the mutually opposing dependence of switching loss, and dv/ dt and di/ dt stresses on the optical intensity of the OTPT, a joint optimization mechanism is outlined and its outcome is experimentally demonstrated.
Energy levels of Cf 251 populated in the α decay of 100 255 Fm and EC decay of 99 251 Es

Gamma-ray singles spectra of extremely pure (chemically and isotopically) samples of $^{255}\mathrm{Fm}$, with strengths of $~1$ mCi, have been measured with a high-resolution 2-cm${}^{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}$10-mm germanium LEPS detector and with a 25% Ge spectrometer. Gamma rays with intensities as low as $1.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$% per $^{255}\mathrm{Fm}$ \ensuremath{\alpha} decay have been identified. The electron spectrum of a mass-separated $^{251}\mathrm{Es}$ source was measured with a cooled Si(Li) electron spectrometer. The spectrum provided the conversion coefficients of low-energy transitions in $^{251}\mathrm{Cf}$ and thereby their multipolarities. The present measurements confirm the previous assignments of single-particle states in $^{251}\mathrm{Cf}$. These include $1/{2}^{+}$[620], 0.0 keV; $7/{2}^{+}$[613], 106.30 keV; $3/{2}^{+}$[622], 177.59 keV; $11/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$[725], 370.47 keV; $9/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$[734], 433.91 keV; $5/{2}^{+}$[622], 543.98 keV; $1/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$[750], 632.0 keV; $9/{2}^{+}$[615], 683 keV; and $9/{2}^{+}$[604], 974.0 keV. A vibrational band was identified in previous studies at 981.4 keV and given an assignment of ${7/{2}^{+}[613]\ensuremath{\bigotimes}{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}}3/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. Three new vibrational bands are identified in the present work at 942.5, 1086.5, and 1250.0 keV with tentative assignments ${7/{2}^{+}[613]\ensuremath{\bigotimes}{1}^{\ensuremath{-}}}5/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}},{7/{2}^{+}[613]\ensuremath{\bigotimes}{1}^{\ensuremath{-}}}9/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and ${7/{2}^{+}[613]\ensuremath{\bigotimes}{0}^{+}}7/{2}^{+}$, respectively. A level was identified at 1185.5 keV with spin of 5/2 or 7/2 but it was not given any configuration assignment. Another level was identified at 1077.5 keV and given a spin of 9/2. Again, no configuration could be assigned to this level.
Anatomic and histologic changes in rabbits with experimental hypersensitivity treated with Compound E and ACTH.

SummaryThe experimental data indicate that Compound E markedly suppresses the pathological alterations of the Arthus reaction ordinarily produced in the rabbit by repeated injections of crystalline...
AGE DIFFERENCES IN MOVEMENT TIME OVER DISTANCES PROPORTIONAL TO SIZE

Investigations of the differences in movement speed over the age span, childhood to early adulthood, have typically confounded age with size differences which bring about mechanical differences in the task. The present study investigated the effect on arm movement time of confounding age and limb length. Young adults and children 7 to 9 yr. of age were tested over a distance proportional to their arm length. Despite moving over a proportionally shorter distance, the children were significantly slower than the adults, suggesting that age differences in performance are not solely attributable to size differences among subjects.
Violent Conjunctures in Democratic India

Introduction Part I. The Pillars of Hindu Nationalism: 1. The state: dialectics of states, parties, and movements 2. Party politics: disrupting party-movement boundaries 3. Movements politics: globalized markets and sacred spaces Part II. Extensive Violence: 4. When local violence is not merely local: a tale of two towns 5. Gujarat: the perfect storm Part III. Episodic Violence: 6. Uttar Pradesh: movements and counter movements 7. Himachal Pradesh: the party rules 8. Rajasthan: two phases of party-movement relations 9. Conclusion.
Both Basic Purpose and a Mirror

the novel“ human spirit"by Jiang Zi－ long has described LU Ding－ an ,the mayor of Li cheng city,vice direcetor of city dangerous house trans－ forming office ect.and a lot of excellent leading cadres,who don't forget the masses， upholding to beamong the masses,experiencing the masses' life， and have praised their spirit to overcome difficulties,do actual and good deeds for the people and brave healthy atmosphere.
Supporting Mathematics Understanding Through Funds of Knowledge

The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify the unique funds of knowledge among three Hispanic families living in the same city, specifically, how parents supported their children’s mathe...
Power-Optimal Register Allocation and Binding

In the context of low power behavioral synthesis, automatic techniques must be developed that minimize the switching activity on globally shared busses and register files, that select low power modules while satisfying the timing constraints, and that schedule operations to minimize the switching activity from one cycle step to next.
WFIRST/AFTA coronagraph contrast performance sensitivity studies: simulation versus experiment

The WFIRST/AFTA 2.4 m space telescope currently under study includes a stellar coronagraph for the imaging and the spectral characterization of extrasolar planets. The coronagraph employs sequential deformable mirrors to compensate for phase and amplitude errors. Using the optical model of an Occulting Mask Coronagraph (OMC) testbed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, we have investigated through modeling and simulations the sensitivity of dark hole contrast in a Hybrid Lyot Coronagraph (HLC) for several error cases, including lateral and longitudinal translation errors of two deformable mirrors, DM1 and DM2, lateral and/or longitudinal translation errors of an occulting mask and a Lyot-Stop, clocking errors of DM1 and DM2, and the mismatch errors between the testbed and the model sensitivity matrices. We also investigated the effects of a control parameter, namely the actuator regularization factor, on the control efficiency and on the final contrast floor. We found several error cases which yield contrast results comparable to that observed on the HLC testbed. We present our findings in this paper.
Common Roots: Urban Agriculture’s Potential for Cultivating Deep Democracy

The interest in and enthusiasm for urban agriculture (UA) in urban communities, the non-profit sector, and governmental institutions has grown exponentially over the past decade, and a key part of the appeal of UA is its potential to improve the civic health of a community. In this chapter we provide a theoretical framework—deep democracy—that helps to contextualize nascent attempts at civic agriculture within a broader struggle for democratic practices and relationships. We argue that urban agriculture efforts are well positioned to help citizens cultivate lasting relationships across lines of difference and amidst significant power differentials—relationships that could form the basis of a community's collective capacity to shape its future.
Double-Outlet Right Ventricle

Anesthetizing a patient with double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) requires an understanding of a large spectrum of anatomic and physiologic variants. Caring for these patients may include preparing for a patient with dynamic right ventricular outflow obstruction similar to tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) or preparing for one with unrestricted pulmonary overcirculation. With an incidence of 3–9/100,000 live births, this lesion is relatively rare, but the physiologic considerations of managing these patients are important to those in settings where they will care for patients with congenital heart disease, both because they will likely encounter these patients and because principle guiding the management of these patients is applicable to many other, such as those with transposition of the great arteries and TOF. Here we review the anatomic and physiologic considerations of managing these patients and frame the chapter with clinical vignettes to highlight anesthetic management goals.
Bellingshausen Sea ice extent recorded in an Antarctic Peninsula ice core

Annual net accumulation (A(sub n)) from the Bruce Plateau (BP) ice core retrieved from the Antarctic Peninsula exhibits a notable relationship with sea ice extent (SIE) in the Bellingshausen Sea. Over the satellite era, both BP A(sub n) and Bellingshausen SIE are influenced by large-scale climatic factors such as the Amundsen Sea Low, Southern Annular Mode, and Southern Oscillation. In addition to the direct response of BP A(sub n) to Bellingshausen SIE (e.g., more open water as a moisture source), these large-scale climate phenomena also link the BP and the Bellingshausen Sea indirectly such that they exhibit similar responses (e.g., northerly wind anomalies advect warm, moist air to the Antarctic Peninsula and neighboring Bellingshausen Sea, which reduces SIE and increases A(sub n)). Comparison with a time series of fast ice at South Orkney Islands reveals a relationship between BP A(sub n) and sea ice in the northern Weddell Sea that is relatively consistent over the twentieth century, except when it is modulated by atmospheric wave patterns described by the Trans-Polar Index. The trend of increasing accumulation on the Bruce Plateau since approximately 1970 agrees with other climate records and reconstructions in the region and suggests that the current rate of sea ice loss in the Bellingshausen Sea is unrivaled in the twentieth century.
Endoscopic Laser Lithotripsy: Safe, Effective Therapy for Ureteral Calculi

AbstractAt our lithotripsy department more than 400 patients with renal or ureteral calculi have been treated with a pulse-dye laser for stone disease. We review our experience during an 11-month period when a total of 223 patients was treated. Of these patients 204 whose ureteral calculi were treated by laser lithotripsy are available for followup.The data in this series demonstrate that a miniaturized ureteroscopic system is of paramount importance in laser lithotripsy, allowing access into the ureter without dilation in the majority of patients (165 of 204). Lack of dilation is associated with a decrease in pain and postoperative hospitalization. Satisfactory stone fragmentation was accomplished in 198 of 204 procedures in this series with use of the laser alone. A low complication rate was observed.Endoscopic laser lithotripsy is a safe, reliable and cost-effective method of therapy for ureteral calculi in a community hospital setting.
The Het Parool Affair

This one of the most important chapters of the book, conveys how a newspaper Het Parool stopped Van der Waerden’s appointment at the University of Amsterdam. Moreover, Van der Waerden’s individual case prompted the Government of the Netherlands to pass a new law, banning all “persons, who during the occupation years have continuously worked in Germany out of their free will” from all government jobs.
Combined effects of seasonal variation and drying methods on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima)

Sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima), a marine macroalga, is a rich source of fibers, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. However, investigations on the effects of seasonal variation and the drying methods employed on the kelp composition and quality attributes are limited. In this study, the effects of seasonal variation and different drying methods (sun drying, freeze drying) and conditions (temperature, humidity) employed in a heat pump-based drying system on the physicochemical properties, phenolic activity, and antioxidant capacity of S. latissima grown in Maine, USA, were studied. Fresh sugar kelp samples were dried using sun drying, freeze drying, and heat pump-based drying systems at air temperatures of 30, 50, and 70 °C and relative air humidity levels of 25 and 50%. Seasonal variations in kelp harvest (i.e., early May and end of June) have significant effect (p < 0.05) on the proximate composition. Significant effects of the drying methods (p < 0.05) were also observed in the water and oil holding capacities (WHC and OHC), with the highest OHC and the lowest WHC exhibited in freeze dried sugar kelp. At lower drying humidity of 25%, the samples exhibited higher WHC and OHC as compared to higher humidity of 50%. Compared to the fresh kelp, irrespective of the drying method, the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and vitamin C content were observed to decrease by 5–10-fold. Overall, drying at lower temperature (< 50 °C) and lower humidity was found to be suitable in terms of the processing cost, functional properties, and preservation of the bioactive compounds in dried sugar kelp.
Association of Hydrocodone Schedule Change With Opioid Prescriptions Following Surgery.

Importance In 2014, the US Drug Enforcement Administration moved hydrocodone-containing analgesics from schedule III to the more restrictive schedule II to limit prescribing and decrease nonmedical opioid use. The association of this policy change with postoperative prescribing is not well understood. Objective To examine the hypothesis that the amount of opioids prescribed following surgery is associated with the rescheduling of hydrocodone. Design, Setting, and Participants An interrupted time series analysis of outpatient opioid prescriptions was conducted to examine the trends in the amount of postoperative opioids filled before and after the schedule change. Opioid prescriptions filled between January 2012 and October 2015 were analyzed using insurance claims data from the Michigan Value Collaborative, which includes data from 75 hospitals across Michigan. A total of 21 955 adult inpatients 18 to 64 years of age who underwent 1 of 19 common elective surgical procedures and filled an opioid prescription within 14 days of discharge to home were eligible for inclusion. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the trends in the mean amount of opioids filled in oral morphine equivalents (OMEs) for the initial postoperative prescriptions before and after the schedule change date of October 6, 2014, compared using interrupted time series and multivariable regression analyses. Secondary outcomes included the total amount of opioids filled and the refill rate for the 30-day postoperative period. Subgroup analyses were performed by hydrocodone prescriptions, nonhydrocodone prescriptions, surgical procedure, and prior opioid use. Results Data from 21 955 patients undergoing surgical procedures across 75 hospitals and 5120 prescribers were analyzed. Cohorts before and after the schedule change were equivalent with respect to sex (10 197 of 15 791 [64.6%] vs 3966 of 6169 [64.3%] female;P = .69) and mean (SE) age (47.9 [11.2] vs 47.7 [11.3] years;P = .19). After the schedule change, the mean OMEs filled in the initial opioid prescription increased by approximately 35 OMEs (β = 35.1 [13.2];P Conclusions and Relevance Changing hydrocodone from schedule III to schedule II was associated with an increase in the amount of opioids filled in the initial prescription following surgery. Opioid-related policies require close follow-up to identify and address early unintended effects given the multitude of competing factors that influence health care professional prescribing behaviors.
Pediatric dermatology workforce in the United States

Studies have suggested there is a shortage of pediatric dermatologists in the United States, but the workforce has not been well defined. The Society for Pediatric Dermatology (SPD) Workforce Committee sought to characterize the US pediatric dermatology workforce with a nine-question survey, sent to all 484 US SPD members in December 2016. The response rate was 30%. Most pediatric dermatologists were practicing in major metropolitan markets, seeing an average of 80 patients a week with an average 6-week wait time. These findings indicate that geographic maldistribution and long wait times for new patient appointments remain substantial hurdles for adequate access to subspecialty pediatric dermatology care.
A Framework for Background Modeling Using Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Communication for Improved Candidate Generation in Pedestrian Detection

Vision-based pedestrian detection is an essential part of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). A pedestrian detection system involves several processing steps including image acquisition, candidate generation, classification, and realtime tracking. Typical approaches for pedestrian candidate generation scan the whole image, which is time consuming. Intelligent generation of potential pedestrian candidates, by reducing the number of the unnecessary candidates, may improve the detection accuracy and reduce the runtime of detection algorithms. This paper introduces a new framework for improved candidate generation using background modeling. The proposed method leverages Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication for sharing of image frames. The system architecture is introduced and defined in-terms of requirements and tasks. Promising initial results for background modeling and moving object detection are provided with discussion and suggestions for future work.
A Comprehensive Campus-based Approach to Address the Opportunities and Challenges Posed by Data Intensive Research

Faced with escalating expenses related to data storage needs and a capable set of on campus storage service providers, the University of Minnesota (UMN) developed a comprehensive framework to better address current and emerging challenges and opportunities brought by data intensive research. Elements of this framework and the process used to develop it could be applied at other research institutions to advance their efforts to address the challenges they face supporting data intensive science. While approaches may differ slightly, addressing these challenges within our respective universities is critical, and perhaps a prerequisite to building and sustaining partnerships among providers of advanced research computing and fully realizing the value of our data.
Prevalence of Occipital Neuralgia at a Community Hospital-based Headache Clinic

Background Occipital neuralgia (ON) is a paroxysmal disorder involving lancinating pain that originates in the neck or skull base with superior radiation toward the apex. ON more commonly occurs in patients with other coexisting headache disorders. There are limited data regarding the prevalence of ON. This study aims to demonstrate the prevalence of ON in a community hospital-based headache clinic. Methods This IRB-approved retrospective study was conducted at the Cambridge Health Alliance Headache Clinic. Medical records of patients presenting with headache as a chief complaint were reviewed from January 2010 to September 2015. Results Of 800 study patients, 81% were females (n = 648). A total of 195 patients were diagnosed with ON, and 146 patients had a positive occipital Tinel sign on examination. Isolated ON was present in 15.38% (n = 30) of patients. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the odds of ON were higher in patients with chronic migraine vs episodic migraine (adjusted odds ratio = 2.190 [95% confidence interval: 1.364–3.515]), even when adjusted for significant covariates. Conclusion ON occurred in nearly 25% of patients presenting with a chief complaint of headache to a community hospital-based headache clinic. Among patients with ON, 15% presented with ON as the chief complaint without another coexisting headache disorder. As such, up to 85% of ON cases occurred in patients having an additional headache type. Approximately 75% of patients with ON had a positive occipital Tinel sign on examination. Elevated body mass index, higher age at presentation, and chronic migraine increased the odds of having ON. Undiagnosed or inadequate treatment of ON can increase the frequency and intensity of other comorbid headache disorders.
Electric Scooter Injuries and Hospital Admissions in the United States, 2014-2018.

Author(s): Namiri, Nikan K; Lui, Hansen; Tangney, Thomas; Allen, Isabel E; Cohen, Andrew J; Breyer, Benjamin N
Blue light filtering glasses and computer vision syndrome: A pilot study

Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is an umbrella term for a pattern of symptoms associated with prolonged digital screen exposure such as eyestrain, headaches, blurred vision, dry eyes, and neck/shoulder pain. Commercially available blue light filtering lenses (BLFL) are advertised as improving CVS. This pilot study evaluated the effectiveness of BLFL on reducing CVS symptoms and fatigue in a cohort of radiology trainees. In this Institutional Review Board approved prospective crossover study, 10 radiology residents were randomized into two cohorts: one wearing BLFL first then a sham pair (non-BLFL), and the other wearing a sham pair first then the BLFL over the course of a typical clinical work day for 5 days. Every evening, participants filled out a questionnaire based on a previously validated CVS questionnaire (CVS-Q:16 questions, Likert scale 1-5) and the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Index (SOFI: 16 questions, Likert scale 0- 10). 10 radiology residents (8 PGY-2, 1 PGY-3, and 1 PGY-4): 4 males, 6 females, participated. Although none of the 32 symptoms demonstrated statistically significant differences, 11/16 (68.8%) symptoms measured on the CVS-Q and 13/16 (81.3%) symptoms measured on the SOFI were reduced with the BLFL compared to the sham glasses. Two symptoms, “drowsy” and “lack of concern,” decreased in the BLFL cohort nearing statistical significance, p = 0.057 and p = 0.075, respectively. Use of BLFL may ameliorate CVS symptoms. Future studies with larger sample sizes and participants of different ages are required to verify the potential of BLFL.
Structural Dynamics of Glutamate Signaling Systems by smFRET.

Abstract Single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a powerful technique for investigating the structural dynamics of biological macromolecules. smFRET reveals the conformational landscape and dynamic changes of proteins by building on the static structures found using cryo-electron microscopy, x-ray crystallography, and other methods. Combining smFRET with static structures allows for a direct correlation between dynamic conformation and function. Here, we discuss the different experimental setups, fluorescence detection schemes, and data analysis strategies that enable the study of structural dynamics of glutamate signaling across various timescales. We illustrate the versatility of smFRET by highlighting studies of a wide range of questions, including the mechanism of activation and transport, the role of intrinsically disordered segments, and allostery and cooperativity between subunits in biological systems responsible for glutamate signaling.
Elevated risk of depression among adolescents presenting with sleep disorders

Study Objectives:Depression is prevalent among patients with sleep disorders, and studies show associations between suicidal ideation and insufficient sleep. Using retrospective clinic records, we ...
When Random Assignment is Not Enough: Accounting for Intentional Selectivity in Experimental Research

A common goal in marketing research is to understand how one evaluates products that have been filtered through some type of screening or selection process. Typical examples include post-choice satisfaction ratings, certain free recall tasks, or the development of consideration sets followed by brand choice. In such situations, behavior is contingent not only on the alternatives being evaluated, but the choice context in which they have become available, creating differing degrees of selectivity. In this paper, we consider situations in which a polytomous selection process limits which items offer up subsequent information. We propose that not flexibly modeling the correlation between choice and evaluation across conditions can lead to systematic, erroneous interpretations of co-variate effects on evaluation. We illustrate this by analyzing two experiments in which subjects choose among, and then evaluate, a frequently-purchased consumer good, as well as data first examined by Ratner, Kahn and Kahneman (1999). Results indicate not only strong selectivity effects, but that traditional specifications of the choice process – presuming the degree of selectivity is invariant across choice contexts – can lead to markedly different interpretations of variable effects. Our findings show that the size and composition of a choice set affects the degree of correlation between choice and evaluation, and further suggest that foregone alternatives can play a disproportionate role in selectivity. Moreover, failing to account for selectivity across experimental conditions, even in well-designed experimental settings, can lead to inaccurate substantive inferences about consumers’ choice processes.
Litigation, Integration, and Transformation: Using Medicaid to Address Racial Inequities in Health Care

Using a public health policy perspective, this article examines the persistence of racial inequities in nursing homes and prescribes a solution to address these inequities. I use empirical data to prove the persistence of racial inequities in health care, analyze the government policies that allow racial inequities to continue, and provide a solution of regulatory integration. Specifically, I propose that civil rights enforcement be integrated with the nursing home enforcement system, which has been aggressively enforced and monitored. There are many strategies that may lead to the adoption of this system. One such strategy is using the Medicaid Act to induce the government to fulfill its non-race based regulatory duties of access and quality of care, which would improve the care of African Americans. Aimed at forcing the government to fulfill its regulatory mandates, this strategy is intended to transform a broken civil rights system that implicitly accepts the unequal treatment of African Americans into an effective one that proscribes and puts an end to racial discrimination.
In the Wake of George Floyd: Hmong Americans’ Refusal to Be a U.S. Ally

This article analyzes the tenuous relationship between refugees and African Americans, specifically Hmong Americans in relation to Black Lives Matter following the murder of George Floyd by four Mi...
Parsing the Network Mechanisms of Electroconvulsive Therapy

ABSTRACT Electroconvulsive therapy is one of the oldest and most effective forms of neurostimulation, where electrical current is used to elicit brief, generalized seizures under general anesthesia. When electrodes are positioned to target fronto-temporal cortex, ECT is arguably the most effective treatment for severe major depression, with response rates and times superior to other available antidepressant therapies. Neuroimaging research has been pivotal in improving the field’s mechanistic understanding of ECT, with a growing number of MRI studies demonstrating hippocampal plasticity after ECT, in line with evidence of upregulated neurotrophic processes in the hippocampus in animal models. However, the precise roles of the hippocampus and other brain regions in antidepressant response to ECT remain unclear. Seizure physiology may also play a role in antidepressant response to ECT, as indicated by early PET/SPECT and EEG research, and corroborated by recent ECT-MRI studies. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting neuroplasticity in the hippocampus and other brain regions during and after ECT, and their associations with antidepressant response. We also offer a mechanistic, circuit-level model which proposes that core mechanisms of antidepressant response to ECT involve thalamocortical and cerebellar networks that are active during seizure generalization and termination over repeated ECT sessions, and their interactions with corticolimbic circuits that are dysfunctional prior to treatment and targeted with the electrical stimulus.