cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The cytology and chemical nature of some constituents of the developing sperm.

1. The study of certain structures, like the acrosome and Nebenkern, in the developing sperms of Arvelius is facilitated by the fact that they are present in greatly enlarged dimensions in certain testicular lobes while retaining normal size in adjoining lobes. 2. The dictyosomes or Golgi bodies in the spermatocytes are stained red by the PAS treatment. They are assembled to form the similarly stained acroblast in the spermatid, and the acrosome that is finally evolved is also PAS-positive in its color reaction. All the evidence indicates that in the process of acrosome formation there is a direct utilization of dictyosomal material which is already present two cell generations earlier. 3. The substance responsible for the red staining of the dictyosomes and acrosome is a polysaccharide with a 1,2 glycol grouping. There is also direct evidence for the presence of small quantities of proteins which probably form a complex with the polysaccharides. This complex is similar or perhaps identical with a mucopolysaccharide. 4. The Nebenkern, which is a mitochondrial derivative, does not contain polysaccharides with a 1,2 glycol grouping. On the other hand, it contains considerable amounts of proteins which, in contrast to those of the acrosome, are easily digested by pepsin. The evidence does not support the suggestion, frequently made, that the acrosome and Nebenkern are closely interrelated. 5. The enzymatic nature of the acrosome and its possible role in fertilization and sterility are discussed.
Actuator and sensor placement in linear advection PDE

We study the problem of actuator and sensor placement in a linear advection partial differential equation (PDE). The problem is motivated by its application to actuator and sensor placement in building systems for the control and detection of a scalar quantity such as temperature and contaminants. We propose a gramian based approach to the problem of actuator and sensor placement. The special structure of the advection PDE is exploited to provide an explicit formula for the controllability and observability gramian in the form of a multiplication operator. The explicit formula for the gramian, as a function of actuator and sensor location, is used to provide test criteria for the suitability of a given sensor and actuator location. Furthermore, the solution obtained using gramian based criteria is interpreted in terms of the flow of the advective vector field. In particular, the almost everywhere uniform stability property and ergodic properties of the advective vector field are shown to play a crucial role in deciding the location of actuators and sensors. Simulation results are performed to support the main results of this paper.
Privatization and the Courts: How Judicial Structures Shaped German Privatization

This article examines how legal institutional structures shaped the process of East German privatization by the Treuhandanstalt. It argues that the courts, as an important venue for oversight and accountability, were central to achieving the rapid and narrowly defined privatization carried out by the agency. Moreover, the experience of privatization after 1989 suggests the courts played a far more important role in shaping economic policy than one would have expected from traditional scholarship on public agencies, the courts, or the German legal system.
Update on clinical and mechanistic aspects of paraneoplastic syndromes

Many patients with cancer are afflicted with an array of severe ailments caused by remote effects of the neoplasm on distant organs, which it has not invaded or colonized. The growing local tumor dominates attention, but invisible chemical and cellular components released by this parasitic neoplastic growth can operate below the threshold of detection to derange feedback loops coordinating essential physiological functions. Ultimately, these changes cause serious signs and symptoms, collectively described as paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs), which significantly diminish the patient’s quality of life. PNS can appear before, or after, detection of the cancer and are sometimes surprising or even bizarre. The patterns of clinical changes seen in these patients are caused by a range of mechanisms that reveal intricate networks of communications between different body systems, normally utilized for healthy function. For example, these disorders demonstrate that (1) hormones, peptides, and other long- and short-range signaling molecules produced by the tumor and (2) immune reactions to tumor-related antigens, can mediate diverse destabilizing effects. However, comparative analysis of numerous PNS reveals valuable information indicating that the primary pathogenetic events instigating these disturbances are much more fundamental. This article provides an overview of the diverse clinical manifestations of paraneoplastic disorders, with representative examples and presents evidence that inappropriate gene expression in the tumor, caused by loss of regulatory control, is a novel unifying explanation for such wide effects of the neoplasm on the host. It also discusses treatment options and issues relating to conducting randomized clinical trials on these disorders.
The role of drug-lipid interactions in the biological activity of modulators of multi-drug resistance

Abstract Of the compounds that have now been shown to circumvent acquired cellular multidrug resistance, little or no structure-activity relationship has been found, although their proposed mechanism of action is through modulation of function of p-glycoprotein. While it has been suggested that this inhibition is a direct binding to p-glycoprotein, we show here that such a model seriously neglects the effects many of these compounds have on lipid physical properties. We have characterized the interactions between 16 structurally diverse pharmacological agents (nine of which are known to reverse multidrug resistance) and a variety of lipids. Potent modulators inhibit the membrane binding of rhodamine 6G, and we have observed a correlation of the measured K i values with the effectiveness of the compounds in situ. We have determined the effects of the compounds on detergent micellization, and have shown substantial changes on the critical micelle concentration of detergents in the presence of modulators. Finally, we have examined the changes in model membrane ‘viscosity’ induced by the compounds. These results indicate that both direct p-glycoprotein and indirect lipid interactions of modulators should be considered in the mechanism by which these compounds reverse multidrug resistance.
Characterization of elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase activity in genetically obese mice

Abstract Alkaline phosphatase activity in obese mice ( C57BL 6J ob ob ) was significantly increased from 18 to 63 weeks of age when compared to that of their lean controls ( C57BL 6J +/? ). In 5 week old animals, the earliest age examined, the circulating activity of alkaline phosphatase was similar in both obese mice and their lean counterparts. To characterize the circulating alkaline phosphatase activity in the obese mouse and its lean counterpart, the response of the enzyme to fasting, various inhibitors, heat inactivation, and urea denaturation was examined and compared. L-homoarginine and L-p-bromotetramisole inhibited to a large extent the circulating activity of alkaline phosphatase in both obese mice and their lean controls in the fed state, while L-phenylalanine had essentially no effect. Even though the response of alkaline phosphatase in plasma to several inhibitors was similar, the rate of denaturation by urea of enzyme activity in plasma was significantly slower in obese mice than in their lean controls in the fed state. While the rate of inactivation of alkaline phosphatase activity in plasma for the initial two minutes at 56°C was similar in obese mice and their lean counterparts, the subsequent rate of heat inactivation was significantly slower in the plasma from obese mice. Thus, both obese and lean mice in the fed state have a circulating activity of alkaline phosphatase in plasma with a greater contribution from a skeletal isoenzyme and a lesser one of intestinal origin. Even though the contribution of the bone isoenzyme could not be completely differentiated from that of liver, the circulating alkaline phosphatase activity in the obese mouse has a component of greater stability to both urea denaturation and heat inactivation, presumably hepatic in origin.
Criteria for the translation and assessment of Qur’anic metaphor: A contrastive analytic approach

This paper discusses different approaches to the translation of Qur’anic metaphor, as one of the semantic problematic areas in translating the Qur’an, with a view to recommending principled criteria for translating Qur’anic metaphor. An attempt has been made to analyze, compare and assess six different approaches to the translation of Qur’anic metaphor and a blueprint is provided. The six selected translations are those by Sale (first published in1734), Ali (first published in 1937), Arberry (first published in 1955), Dawood (first published in 1956), Khatib (first published in 1986) and Khān–Hilālī (1996 edition). These translatons represent different orientations in translating the Muslim’s holy Book. Moreover, their translations are regularly reprinted.
Hypersonic Vehicle Thrust Sensitivity to Angle of Attack and Mach Number

A new control-oriented scramjet engine model has been developed, named the MichiganAFRL Scramjet In Vehicle model (MASIV); it is used to compute thrust sensitivity to variation in flight conditions. The model solves conservation equations in 1-D, using several modeling techniques to retain some of the fidelity of higher-order simulations. A number complex physical processes are modeled (including jet mixing and finite rate chemistry) by a combination of ordinary dierential equations and algebraic scaling laws. The axial evolutions of the various flow quantities are computed in a short time, relative to computational fluid dynamics solutions. Although there is some loss of accuracy when using Reduced Order Models (ROMs), MASIV computes the overall performance of the flow path with respect to vehicle dynamics (thrust and drag) at an acceptable level for preliminary design and for use as a submodel for control design and evaluation. The model is exercised to predict the sensitivity of the thrust to variations in Mach number and angle of attack, and to compute the operating envelope of the engine.
Overexpression of mouse angiotensinogen in renal proximal tubule causes salt-sensitive hypertension in mice

BACKGROUND The role of proximal tubule (PT) angiotensinogen (AGT) in modulating blood pressure has previously been examined using mice expressing PT human AGT and human renin, or rat AGT. These animals are hypertensive; however, the question remains whether alterations in mouse PT AGT alone affects arterial pressure.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Infrared and Raman Spectra of a Substituted Sexithiophene in Five Oxidation States

The infrared absorption and Raman scattering spectra recorded during the electrochemical oxidation of two sexithiophenes are reported. Using in situ spectroelectrochemical methods five oxidation states, neutral, radical cation, dication, radical trication, and tetracation of an α,α‘-diphenyl sexithiophene, were studied. The experimental spectra are in agreement with the predictions of the effective conjugation coordinate theory and are in good accordance with theoretical density functional theory calculations.
Research note: How a small business enters the international market

As the rate of economic globalization becomes faster and faster, small businesses in the United States can no longer afford to ignore the challenge of international commerce. Small businesses are a key factor in the economies of all nations. Small businesses must develop a global culture, challenge the attitude of key decision makers, gain crucial international experience, and overcome the size barrier. This requires successful entrywedge strategies if the company hopes to have any chance of success. Many will need external support in finding ways to access foreign customers. This article provides information that can help small businesses with this venture. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Depositional and Diagenetic Aspects of Siliciclastic and Carbonate Reservoirs in Glorieta Formation (Permian), Northern Midland Basin, Texas: ABSTRACT

The Glorieta formation is oil productive in the northern Midland basin. Production through 1982 totaled over 25 million bbl of oil. Carbonate as well as siliciclastic facies are productive in different locations on the shelf. This production is largely diagenetically controlled, with secondary porosity enhancement prevalent in both clastic and carbonate reservoir types. The Glorieta formation is composed of cyclicly deposited siliciclastics, carbonate, and carbonate-evaporite units. Environments of deposition range from supratidal sabkha through shallow subtidal to open-marine conditions. The siliciclastics are eolian-derived sediments that prograded onto the shelf of the northern Midland basin. The overall coarsening-upward sequence, the gently seaward dip of the clastics, and the open-marine characteristic of adjacent carbonate sediments suggest a subaqueous deposition similar to that described by Shinn along the leeward, southeast coast of Qatar Peninsula in the Persian Gulf. Diagenetic features affecting porosity development in the siliciclastic intervals include etching of quartz grains and penecontemporaneous precipitation of pore-filling, poikilotopic anhydrite cement. Subsequent partial dissolution of anhydrite cements increased porosity in clastic reservoir facies. The carbonate units have undergone pervasive dolomitization of mud matrix, leaching of allochems, and extensive anhydrite void filling. Replacement of dolomicrite by anhydrite and later solutioning of replacement fabric anhydrite contributed to secondary porosity in carbonate reservoirs. A better understanding of these diagenetic relationships could aid in predicting porosity trends in these distinctly different reservoir types within the Glorieta formation. End_of_Article - Last_Page 248------------
Effects of brassinosteroid, auxin, and cytokinin on ethylene production in Arabidopsis thaliana plants

Inflorescence stalks produced the highest amount of ethylene in response to IAA as compared with other plant parts tested. Leaf age had an effect on IAA-induced ethylene with the youngest leaves showing the greatest stimulation. The highest amount of IAA-induced ethylene was produced in the root or inflorescence tip with regions below this producing less. Inflorescence stalks treated with IAA, 2,4-D, or NAA over a range of concentrations exhibited an increase in ethylene production starting at 1 μM with increasingly greater responses up to 100 μM, followed by a plateau at 500 μM and a significant decline at 1000 μM. Both 2,4-D and NAA elicited a greater response than IAA at all concentrations tested in inflorescence stalks. Inflorescence leaves treated with IAA, 2,4-D, or NAA exhibited the same trend as inflorescence stalks. However, they produced significantly less ethylene. Inflorescence stalks and leaves treated with 100 μM IAA exhibited a dramatic increase in ethylene production 2 h following treatment initiation. Inflorescence stalks showed a further increase 4 h following treatment initiation and no further increase at 6 h. However, there was a slight decline between 6 h and 24 h. Inflorescence leaves exhibited similar rates of IAA-induced ethylene between 2 h and 24 h. Light and high temperature caused a decrease in IAA-induced ethylene in both inflorescence stalks and leaves. Three auxin-insensitive mutants were evaluated for their inflorescence's responsiveness to IAA. aux2 did not produce ethylene in response to 100 μM IAA, while axr1-3 and axr1-12 showed reduced levels of IAA-induced ethylene as compared with Columbia wild type. Inflorescences treated with brassinolide alone had no effect on ethylene production. However, when brassinolide was used in combination with IAA there was a dramatic increase in ethylene production above the induction promoted by IAA alone.
Molecular Aspects of the High Oxygen Afinity of Non-Hypertensive Hexa Pegylated Hemoglobin, [(SP-PEG5K)6-Hb]

The development of hexaPEGylated Hb, (SP-PEG5K)6-Hb, using the newly designed thiolation-mediated maleimide chemistry based PEGylation, has validated the concept that engineering ‘plasma volume expander’ -like properties to Hb neutralizes its vasoactivity. The high O2 affinity of hexaPEGylated Hb has been attributed to the two PEG-5K chains on its two Cys-93(β) residues. In an attempt to map the influence of the additional four PEG-5K chains of HexaPEGylated Hb on the O2 affinity, we have now investigated the influence of PEGylation of the surface amino groups alone on the subunit interface interactions and O2 affinity of Hb using rHb(βC93A). The molecular radius of PEGylated rHb(βC93A) was slightly smaller than that of (SP-PEG5K)6-Hb, and the overall site-selectivity of PEGylation in the PEGylated rHb(βC93A) at Lys-residues was comparable to that of (SP-PEG5K)6-Hb. Proton NMR studies have shown that the conjugation of the protein with PEG-5K does not have any significant influence on its subunit interfac...
Treatment of hypercholesterolemia with ezetimibe in cardiac transplant recipients.

The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy and tolerability of ezetimibe in cardiac transplant recipients who were intolerant of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) or unable to reach target lipid levels with statin therapy. After treatment with ezetimibe ( n = 16), mean total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased significantly (228 ± 40 mg/dl to 197 ± 48 mg/dl, p = 0.003; and 149 ± 34 mg/dl to 117 ± 39 mg/dl, p
A Preliminary Investigation into Parallel Routing on a Hypercube Computer

This paper describes an experiment in which parallel routing is performed on a medium grained hypercube parallel processor having 64 processing elements. Each node is a complete 32-bit computer with 128 K-bytes of memory and is connected to the other nodes via a direct hypercube interconnection network. A new parallel routing algorithm was developed to exploit this parallel structure. It is a three step algorithm consisting of a global routing step, a boundary crossing placement step, and a detailed routing step. All steps can be performed in parallel. When applied to a standard benchmark it was able to route 95 % of the wires. The algorithm was also executed on a large mainframe computer using the same benchmark. The execution time was compared to that for the hypercube. The hypercube was about three times as fast.
Crohn’s ileitis after liver transplantation from a living related donor with Crohn’s disease

We read with interest the case described by Sonwalkar et al of a patient who developed fulminant Crohn’s colitis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) ( Gut 2003; 52 :1518–21). Although the donor had no known Crohn’s disease (CD) and did not carry the IBD3 or IBD5 haplotypes associated with CD, HLA class III mismatches at IBD3 and a CD associated polymorphism of the 5′UTR of NOD2/CARD15 were present in the donor and in the reconstituted immune cell population of the recipient post ASCT. The authors hypothesised that adoptive transfer of CD susceptibility may have occurred between ACST donor and recipient. Herein, we report a case of a patient who developed CD after receiving a living related liver transplant from a donor with known CD. A 24 year old female received a liver transplant from a living related donor for decompensated …
A stable higher order TDIE solver using a separable approximation for convolution with the retarded potential

Since the initial development of Time-Domain Integral Equations (TDIEs), the issue of instability has limited their use by computational practitioners. Significant progress notwithstanding, there is still a need for theoretical understanding of the causes of instability, their remedies (in the continuous case) and solution schemes applicable to electrically large, complex structures. It was in an attempt to remedy this that a method based on a separable approximation for the convolution with the retarded potential was recently developed. In this work, we seek to reformulate the Time Domain Electric Field Integral Equation (TDEFIE) in a manner than can be shown to produce bounded currents. We also present a number of results using the non-augmented TDEFIE to demonstrate the method's effectiveness on higher order surfaces.
Quadrature phase detector using two-mode waveguides.

We present a novel design for quadrature phase detection utilizing two-mode optical waveguides for optical interferometric systems. A pair of interferometric signals having quadrature optical phase information can be obtained from the near-field and far-field patterns of a two-mode waveguide output. The operational principle is based on a π/2 differential phase shift between two modal beams occurring during their transition from near-field to far-field radiation patterns.
Relative practical utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Clinical Scales versus the Clinical Scales in a chronic pain patient sample.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI–2) Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales comprise the core of the new MMPI–2 Restructured Form. They were developed to retain the familiar clinic...
Eugene M. Landis and the physiology of the microcirculation.

This essay looks at the historical significance of two APS classic papers that are freely available online: Landis EM. The capillary pressure in frog mesentery as determined by micro-injection meth...
High performance motion tracking control

Motion control in electronic manufacturing requires high speed and precision. Due to the large production volume, even a small improvement in the motion control performance can result in significant economic gains. This work presents an experimental study of the feedforward controller design for a point-to-point motion control system. We systematically apply model identification, inverse dynamics control, iterative refinement (to address system nonlinearities), and adaptive least-mean-square to achieve high speed trajectory tracking. Experimental results are provided to show the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Following the Whitings: The Study of Male Pregnancy Symptoms

In their long careers, John and Beatrice Whiting inspired investigation into a great variety of topics. Of these inquiries, men’s experience of pregnancy-like symptoms occupied the interest of the late Ruth Munroe and the author for some years. Men’s symptoms-morning sickness, lassitude, and so on-vary greatly both among individuals and across cultures. At the upper extreme, men average as many as five pregnancy-related symptoms in some culture groups, where they also display other behaviors related to the reproductive process (e.g., male “menstruation”). Tests and behavioral responses among such men (and among similar males elsewhere) typically reveal female-like choices on covert measures but also a surprising pattern of defensively masculine choices at the overt level (e.g., drinking, wife beating). A case study invites still other questions. To help resolve some of the issues raised by these findings, the author proposes a new program of research focusing on potential hormonal correlates of male sympt...
Instructional case: When derivatives drive earnings—Crown Oil, Inc.

Abstract Crown Oil, Inc. is a family-owned heating oil distributor that offers customers the opportunity to lock-in a fixed price per gallon in advance of the heating season by signing up for a price protection plan. As a result of offering these plans, Crown Oil assumes the risk of price changes, which it then hedges by acquiring exchange-traded future and option contracts. This case provides an introduction to the economic nature of derivative instruments and hedging and to the related accounting and reporting issues. The appropriate timing of revenue recognition for the upfront fees that Crown Oil receives from customers entering into a price protection contract is also explored in the case, as is the opportunity for earnings management. The case provides the opportunity to research the professional accounting literature, apply existing standards, and communicate recommendations to management.
Risk Factors for Acute Symptomatic Coccidioidomycosis among Elderly Persons in Arizona, 1996–1997

Because of the increase in incidence of coccidioidomycosis among the elderly in Arizona between 1990 and 1996, a case-control study was conducted to look at risk factors for disease among these persons. Cases (n = 89) were persons aged ≥60 years with laboratory-confirmed coccidioidomycosis; 2 control groups were selected, the first by use of random-digit dialing (geographic controls, n = 91) and the second by use of lists of persons with negative serologic coccidioidomycosis tests (laboratory-negative controls, n = 58). Elderly persons with coccidioidomycosis had spent significantly less time in Arizona than did persons in either control group and were more likely than geographic controls to have congestive heart failure or cancer, to have smoked, or to have taken corticosteroids. Elderly persons who recently have moved to Arizona or who have chronic illnesses and their physicians need to be aware of their higher risk for coccidioidomycosis in order to improve their chances of early diagnosis and treatment. These persons may benefit from vaccination, once an effective vaccine for coccidioidomycosis is developed.
Algebraic multigrid Laplace solver for the extraction of capacitances of conductors in multi‐layer dielectrics

This paper describes the development of a robust multigrid, finite element-based, Laplace solver for accurate capacitance extraction of conductors embedded in multi-layer dielectric domains. An algebraic multigrid based on element interpolation is adopted and streamlined for the development of the proposed solver. In particular, a new, node-based agglomeration scheme is proposed to speed up the process of agglomeration. Several attributes of this new method are investigated through the application of the Laplace solver to the calculation of the per-unit-length capacitance of configurations of parallel, uniform conductors embedded in multi-layer dielectric substrates. These two-dimensional configurations are commonly encountered as high-speed interconnect structures for integrated electronic circuits. The proposed method is shown to be particularly robust and accurate for structures with very thin dielectric layers characterized by large variation in their electric permittivities. More specifically, it is demonstrated that for such geometries the proposed node-based agglomeration systematically reduces the problem size and speeds up the iterative solution of the finite element matrix. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electromagnetic induced kinetic effects on charged substrates in localized enzyme systems.

An analytical expression for the rate efficiency factor of planar localized enzyme systems is derived. The derivation takes into account the isothermal kinetic effect under the externally imposed perturbation of combined electrostatic and high frequency time-varying fields. The contribution of each individual field to the enzyme reaction is examined through the basic mechanism in which charged substrates interact, with the specific perturbing field. The interaction mechanisms for the electrostatic and for the time-varying fields are found to be different. This difference regulates the different manners in which enzymatic reaction rates are altered. Enzymatic reactions under electrostatic perturbation can be retarded or enhanced depending on the field polarization. At sufficiently high field intensities the reaction rate may approach zero or approach a maximum value equal to the turnover number of the enzyme. Time-varying field perturbations, on the other hand, always enhance the enzymatic reactions if bunching effects are negligible. At sufficiently high field intensities, the reaction may approach a value equal to that of the free enzyme system. Several typical numerical examples on pure electrostatic field perturbations, pure time-varying field perturbations, and combined field perturbations are also presented.
Comment on: ‘Antidepressant medications and other treatments of depressive disorders: a CINP Task Force report based on a review of evidence’

In 2004, CINP's president, Brian Leonard, established a task force with the mandate ‘to provide mental health and other professionals with comprehensive and objective information about the different aspects of the use of antidepressants important in clinical practice’. The CINP Task Force presented its report (CINP Task Force, 2007) in an epidemiological framework with an emphasis on the need, individual and social, of using antidepressants on the widest possible scale. Then, it recommends the prescription of the newest and most expensive compounds on the basis of the ‘evidence’ reviewed in the report about their cost effectiveness compared to the older drugs. How could this happen? 1. By the late 1980s single-centre isolated clinical studies were replaced by centrally coordinated clinical investigations. Many of these studies are designed for the purpose of registration by regulatory authorities and for supporting possible clinical advantages of new drugs. All the data from these investigations are proprietary, and all communication based on these studies, is controlled by the sponsoring pharmaceutical companies. Nevertheless, from the more than 1600 references reviewed only about 5% were published prior to the 1990s. By reviewing the literature from this period indiscriminately, the report endorses findings generated for marketing purposes and conclusions of ghost-written papers. By inserting comments from these papers which highlight the possible advantages of the newer and disadvantages of the older antidepressants the report reviews and presents the most comprehensive collection of promotional material to date for recommending the newest and most expensive patent-protected drugs. 2. The task force dismisses all what has been learned in the first 20 years of pharmacotherapy with antidepressants and seizes every opportunity …
Psychological mindsets affect consumption: How different mindsets help (hurt) portion control

The present work discusses how psychological mindsets-orientations that affect how consumers encode, interpret, and respond to information- can help, as well as hurt, portion control. To this end, the current article first provides an overview of the general idea of psychological mindsets. Subsequently, evidence from three distinct areas of mindset research is reviewed: power and powerlessness; fixed and growth; promotion and prevention. For each literature, the relevant mindsets are discussed, and their implications for consumer behavior generally and portion control specifically are illuminated. The paper also provides a discussion of gaps in mindset research with consideration given to how to bridge the theoretical development on mindsets to practical applications.
Unions in the Nineties

The significance of, and difficulties involved in, managerial abandonment of an anachronistic adversarial ideology can best be understood through a capsule history of corporations and unions over the last century. During that period, the nation made only slow ethical advances in its treatment of workers.1 Primary responsibility for this slowness rests with business managers, though most labor leaders and unionists have comfortably adapted an adversarial stance. Both groups are going to have to change attitudes and behaviors if advances are to be made and the past is very relevant to present needs.
Patient position during cinedefecography. Influence on perineal descent and other measurements.

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to assess the reproducibility of cinedefecography measurements and abnormal findings between the left lateral decubitus and seated positions. METHODS: Prospective patient evaluation included all patients who had lateral radiographs of the pelvis taken at rest, during squeezing, and pushing in both positions. Anorectal angle, perineal descent, and puborectalis length measurements were calculated for each set of radiographs. Pelvic floor dynamics during evacuation were measured as the changes between rest and pushing. Abnormal findings included both increased dynamic and fixed perineal descent, nonrelaxing puborectalis, and premature evacuation. RESULTS: One hundred five consecutive patients underwent cinedefecography. There were statistically significant differences between the positions with regard to anorectal angle (P 0.05). However, 6 of 22 (27 percent) patients with fecal incontinence had premature evacuation severe enough to impede measurement only when seated (P=0.05). CONCLUSION: Because of the statistically significant differences between the two positions, centers should always employ the same position for a given diagnostic group.
Contextualizing Work: The Influence of Workplace History and Perceptions of the Future on Lean Production at Three GM Plants

Research recognizes both a tension between standardized work and employee participation as well as the fact that management and labor negotiate both formally and informally over the reorganization ...
Optical and Transport Effects in LaGa1−xMnxO3: Experiment and Modeling

Charge transport and optical properties have been studied experimentally and theoretically in a series of LaGa 1-x Mn x O 3 crystals in the dependence on the material composition. Electron energy structure and optical functions of LaGa 1-x Mn x O 3 are calculated by ab initio pseudopotential method within density functional theory using generalized gradient approximation. Theoretical results are discussed in comparison with the experimental data for different alloy compositions.
Traction Neurectomy for Treatment of Painful Residual Limb Neuroma in Lower Extremity Amputees.

OBJECTIVES To describe the outcomes of traction neurectomy as a surgical treatment for symptomatic neuroma of the residual lower extremity and to identify clinical and/or demographic factors associated with an increased likelihood of persistent or recurrent pain after surgery. DESIGN Retrospective Cohort Study. SETTING Amputee clinic at a Level I Trauma Center. PATIENTS Inclusion required a history of transfemoral or transtibial amputation and a history of symptomatic neuroma(s) at the residual limb treated with traction neurectomy. Twelve months of clinical follow-up or the recurrence of neuroma-type pains was required for inclusion. Thirty-eight patients (63 nerves) comprised the study group. INTERVENTION Traction neurectomy for treatment of symptomatic neuroma. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the presence or absence of persistent or recurrent neuroma-type pain at last follow-up. The secondary outcome was reoperation for persistent or recurrent symptomatic neuroma. RESULTS Sixteen of 38 patients (42%) had recurrent or persistent neuroma-type pain at a mean follow-up of 37 months (range, 11-91 months), and 8/38 (21%) have undergone subsequent surgical treatment. Among the demographic and clinical features examined, only male gender was found to be a statistically significant predictor of persistent or recurrent neuroma-type pain. CONCLUSIONS Traction neurectomy results in a high rate of persistent or recurrent neuroma-type and that surgeons should be cautious when considering it for the treatment of symptomatic neuroma of the residual lower extremity. Furthermore, efforts to identify better surgical and nonsurgical treatments for this problem are justified. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Automation effects in a stereotypical multiloop manual control system

The increasing reliance of state-of-the art, high performance aircraft on high authority stability and command augmentation systems, in order to obtain satisfactory performance and handling qualities, has made critical the achievement of a better understanding of human capabilities, limitations, and preferences during interactions with complex dynamic systems that involve task allocation between man and machine. An analytical and experimental study has been undertaken to investigate human interaction with a simple, multiloop dynamic system in which human activity was systematically varied by changing the levels of automation. Task definition has led to a control loop structure which parallels that for any multiloop manual control system, and may therefore be considered a stereotype.
Management and optimization of petrochemical industry project under the mode of EPC general contract

EPC mode is advanced,sophisticated project management mode in the field of engineering construction in the world,it has been applied into ptrochemical industry projects more and more.Characteristics of EPC engineering general contract mode and its application and optimization in ptrochemical industry project management were reviewed in the paper.
The wound healing response to grafted tissues

When a tissue graft is introduced into a healing wound, the inflammatory and proliferative stages of wound healing are significantly prolonged. This sustained stimulation at the surrounding graft site can develop into chronic inflammation, leading to fibrosis and connective tissue build-up around the graft. Persistence in chronic inflammation surrounding a tissue graft can lead to graft destruction or rejection. Thus, a basic understanding of soft-tissue wound healing in response to grafted tissue is important to optimize the long-term functional results of tissue grafts.
The RHIC gold rush

What happens to ordinary matter as you heat it to higher and higher temperatures, or compress it to greater and greater densities? This simple question underpins a major effort to create extreme conditions in the lab, which has recently taken the shape of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). This machine has been colliding gold nuclei since 2000, and has produced tantalizing hints that a new state of matter – the quark–gluon plasma – is created in the reactions. But it has also sparked surprises that are sending researchers back to the drawing board.
Some adaptive filtering techniques applied to the passive remote sensing problem

A review is made of recursive statistical regression techniques incorporating past or past and future observations through smoothing and Kalman filtering, respectively; with results for the cases of the Tiros-N/MSU and Nimbus-6/Scams remote sensing satellite experiments. In response to the lack of a satisfactory model for the medium sounded, which is presently a major limitation on retrieval technique performance, a novel, global approach is proposed which casts the retrieval problem into the framework of adaptive filtering. A numerical implementation of such an adaptive system is presented, with a multilayer, semi-spectral general circulation model for the atmosphere being used to fine-tune the sensor as well as the dynamical equations of a Kalman filter. It is shown that the assimilation of radiometric data becomes a straightforward subproblem.
Solutions to Some Open Problems from Slaney

In response to a paper by Harris & Fitelson, Slaney states several open questions concerning possible strategies for proving distributivity in a wide class of positive sentential logics. In this note, I provide answers to all of Slaney's open questions. The result is a better understanding of the class of positive logics in which distributivity holds.
Robust Segmentation of Medical Images Using Geometric Deformable Models and a Dynamic Speed Function

A number of methods based on geometric deformable models have been proposed recently to segment medical images. These methods require the definition of a speed function that governs model deformation. In this paper we propose a new speed function that is modified dynamically as the front progresses. This new speed function is particularly well adapted to situations where edges are ill-defined, adjacent structures have comparable intensity values, and images are noisy. We illustrate qualitatively the performance of our approach on a variety of MR, CT, and ultrasound images. The examples show the generality of our approach and its insensitivity to parameters. We also evaluate it quantitatively on several CT scans of the liver.
Chapter 14 Importance of Variation in Algal Immigration and Growth Rates Estimated by Modelling Benthic Algal Colonization

Abstract A simple mathematical model of immigration and growth was used to study diatom accumulation, species composition, and diversity patterns during colonization on clay tiles. Accumulation patterns of dominant species and the entire assemblage were accurately predicted by the model when immigration parameters were iteratively varied to the best fit. The species that were fast immigrators during early stages of colonization were different than those species with high growth rates. However, modelled estimates of maximum immigration rates during colonization indicated that the fastest reproducers also had the fastest immigration rates during later stages of colonization. Field procedures for estimating immigration rates were probably not as accurate as estimates made with the model. Patterns of species composition and diversity were shown to be strongly influenced by the balance created when different species were fast immigrators and fast reproducers.
The Dynamic Relationship between Temperature and Morbidity

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between temperature and hospital usage with a focus on the role of behavioral responses to temperature. I use high-frequency data on the near universe o...
Accurate and Consistent Hippocampus Segmentation Through Convolutional LSTM and View Ensemble

In this work, a novel deep neural network is developed to automatically segment human hippocampi from MR images. To take advantage of the efficiency of 2D convolutional operations, as well the inter-slice dependence within 3D volumes, our model stacks fully convolutional neural networks (CNN) through convolutional long short-term memory (CLSTM) to extract voxel labels. Enhanced slice-wise label consistency is ensured, leading to improved segmentation stability and accuracy. We apply our model on ADNI dataset, and demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art solutions.
Rel-grams: A Probabilistic Model of Relations in Text

We introduce the Rel-grams language model, which is analogous to an n-grams model, but is computed over relations rather than over words. The model encodes the conditional probability of observing a relational tuple R, given that R' was observed in a window of prior relational tuples. We build a database of Rel-grams co-occurence statistics from Re-Verb extractions over 1.8M news wire documents and show that a graphical model based on these statistics is useful for automatically discovering event templates. We make this database freely available and hope it will prove a useful resource for a wide variety of NLP tasks.
Community Engagement at an Emerging Academic Medical Library: A Three-Pronged Outreach Model.

AbstractThe Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine’s (OUWB) service-oriented mission and vision is reflected in all aspects of the school including its culture, curriculum, research...
Use of high-throughput screening results to prioritize chemicals for potential adverse biological effects within a West Virginia watershed

Organic chemicals from industrial, agricultural, and residential activities can enter surface waters through regulated and unregulated discharges, combined sewer overflows, stormwater runoff, accidental spills, and leaking septic-conveyance systems on a daily basis. The impact of point and nonpoint contaminant sources can result in adverse biological effects for organisms living in or near surface waters. Assessing the adverse or toxic effects that may result when exposure occurs is complicated by the fact that many commonly used chemicals lack toxicity information or water quality standards. To address these challenges, an exposure-activity ratio (EAR) screening approach was used to prioritize environmental chemistry data in a West Virginia watershed (Wolf Creek). Wolf Creek is a drinking water source and recreation resource with documented water quality impacts from point and nonpoint sources. The EAR screening approach uses high-throughput screening (HTS) data from ToxCast as a method of integrating environmental chemical occurrence and biological effects data. Using water quality schedule 4433, which targets 69 organic waste compounds typically found in domestic and industrial wastewater, chemicals were screened for potential adverse biological affects at multiple sites in the Wolf Creek watershed. Cumulative EAR mixture values were greatest at Sites 2 and 3, where bisphenol A (BPA) and pentachlorophenol exhibited maximum EAR values of 0.05 and 0.002, respectively. Site 2 is downstream of an unconventional oil and gas (UOG) wastewater disposal facility with documented water quality impacts. Low-level organic contaminants were found at all sample sites in Wolf Creek, except Site 10, where Wolf Creek enters the New River. The application of an EAR screening approach allowed our study to extend beyond traditional environmental monitoring methods to identify multiple sites and chemicals that warrant further investigation.
Intracranial Aneurysms: Pathology, Genetics, and Molecular Mechanisms

Intracranial aneurysms (IA) are local dilatations in cerebral arteries that predominantly affect the circle of Willis. Occurring in approximately 2–5% of adults, these weakened areas are susceptible to rupture, leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a type of hemorrhagic stroke. Due to its early age of onset and poor prognosis, SAH accounts for > 25% of years lost for all stroke victims under the age of 65. In this review, we describe the cerebrovascular pathology associated with intracranial aneurysms. To understand IA genetics, we summarize syndromes with elevated incidence, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), whole exome studies on IA-affected families, and recent research that established definitive roles for Thsd1 (Thrombospondin Type 1 Domain Containing Protein 1) and Sox17 (SRY-box 17) in IA using genetically engineered mouse models. Lastly, we discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms of IA, including defects in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells caused by dysfunction in mechanotransduction, Thsd1/FAK (Focal Adhesion Kinase) signaling, and the Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) pathway. As illustrated by THSD1 research, cell adhesion may play a significant role in IA.