cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“DIONYSIAN ENLIGHTENMENT”: WALTER KAUFMANN'S NIETZSCHE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Walter Kaufmann's monumental study of Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy, Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist (1950) dramatically transformed Nietzsche interpretations in the postwar United States and rendered Kaufmann himself a dominant figure in transatlantic Nietzsche studies from 1950 until his death in 1980. While the longevity of Kaufmann's hegemony over postwar American Nietzsche interpretations in particular is remarkable, even more so is the fact that he revitalized the career of such a radical thinker in the conservative intellectual climate of the 1950s. Philosophers and historians typically credit Kaufmann with rescuing Nietzsche from the Nazis, but argue that he did so by denaturing Nietzsche's philosophy of power and narrowly transforming him into an existentialist. By contrast, this essay argues that Kaufmann took a much more dramatic step by extending the scope of Nietzsche's philosophy, demonstrating how his ideas resonated with but also transcended the dominant philosophies of the day. Kaufmann presented Nietzsche as a philosopher uniquely poised to bridge the increasing mid-century rift between continental and analytic philosophies, as well as between the increasingly distinct moral worlds of academic philosophers and general readers. At a time when philosophical discourses within the university and beyond were pulling apart, Kaufmann put Nietzsche to work to bring them back together. By emphasizing Nietzsche's harmony with the range of scholarly and popular philosophical concerns of mid-century, he also established, for the first time in the United States, Nietzsche's role as a canonical thinker in the Western tradition.
Some observations on the pharmacology of hydrochlorothiazide.

T HE DISCOVERY of chlorothiazide has been a major development in diuretic therapy. It is as effective when given orally as when given by the parenteral route. The primary effect appears to be inhibition of renal tubular reabsorption of sodium and chloride resulting in a secondary increase in water excretion. There appears to be some carbonic anhydrase inhibitory effect on the renal tubules, particularly at larger d0ses.l In an attempt to improve the potency and decrease the incidence of certain side effects, a number of benzothiadiazine derivatives were synthesized by Novel10 and Sprague. The report includes our observations on the clinical pharmacology of hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril),t a compound which differs from chlorothiazide only in that the heterocyclic ring has been saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms (Fig 1).
Compelling Japan's surrender without the a‐bomb, soviet entry, or invasion: Reconsidering the us bombing survey's early‐surrender conclusions

(1995). Compelling Japan's surrender without the a‐bomb, soviet entry, or invasion: Reconsidering the us bombing survey's early‐surrender conclusions. Journal of Strategic Studies: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 101-148.
Sociodemographic characteristics and diabetes predict invalid self-reported non-smoking in a population-based study of U.S. adults

Nearly all studies reporting smoking status collect self-reported data. The objective of this study was to assess sociodemographic characteristics and selected, common smoking-related diseases as predictors of invalid reporting of non-smoking. Valid self-reported smoking may be related to the degree to which smoking is a behavior that is not tolerated by the smoker's social group. True smoking was defined as having serum cotinine of 15+ng/ml. 1483 "true" smokers 45+ years of age with self-reported smoking and serum cotinine data from the Mobile Examination Center were identified in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Invalid non-smoking was defined as "true" smokers self-reporting non-smoking. To assess predictors of invalid self-reported non-smoking, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for age, race/ethnicity-gender categories, education, income, diabetes, hypertension, and myocardial infarction. Multiple logistic regression modeling took into account the complex survey design and sample weights. Among smokers with diabetes, invalid non-smoking status was 15%, ranging from 0% for Mexican-American (MA) males to 22%–25% for Non-Hispanic White (NHW) males and Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) females. Among smokers without diabetes, invalid non-smoking status was 5%, ranging from 3% for MA females to 10% for NHB females. After simultaneously taking into account diabetes, education, race/ethnicity and gender, smokers with diabetes (ORAdj = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.35–7.34), who did not graduate from high school (ORAdj = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.30–3.22) and who were NHB females (ORAdj = 5.12; 95% CI: 1.41–18.58) were more likely to self-report as non-smokers than smokers without diabetes, who were high school graduates, and MA females, respectively. Having a history of myocardial infarction or hypertension did not predict invalid reporting of non-smoking. Validity of self-reported non-smoking may be related to the relatively slowly progressing chronic nature of diabetes, in contrast with the acute event of myocardial infarction which could be considered a more serious, major life changing event. These data also raise questions regarding the possible role of societal desirability in the validity of self-reported non-smoking, especially among smokers with diabetes, who did not graduate from high school, and who were NHB females.
Design of a multi-megawatt X-band solid state microwave switch

We present design methodology for high power microwave switches. Among all possible applications for such a switch we emphasize the design parameters for application to the pulse compression system associated with the Next Linear Collider (NLC). The switch is based on the excitation of a plasma layer within a silicon wafer by either a laser or an electron beam. We investigate problems associated with high power operation of such a switch. Mainly, we explore solutions to the problems of thermal runaway, avalanche breakdown, photo-emission, and secondary emission. Different design methodologies are presented.
A split-field iterative ADI method for simulating transverse-magnetic waves in lossy media

A novel split-field alternating-direction implicit method is proposed to simulate two-dimensional transverse-magnetic waves in lossy media. By splitting the electric field with respect to the two transverse-magnetic field components, an efficient implementation scheme is obtained. Stability and numerical dispersion are further examined. Finally, numerical examples demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Parenchymal texture analysis in digital mammography: robust texture feature identification and equivalence across devices

An analytical framework is presented for evaluating the equivalence of parenchymal texture features across different full-field digital mammography (FFDM) systems using a physical breast phantom. Phantom images (FOR PROCESSING) are acquired from three FFDM systems using their automated exposure control setting. A panel of texture features, including gray-level histogram, co-occurrence, run length, and structural descriptors, are extracted. To identify features that are robust across imaging systems, a series of equivalence tests are performed on the feature distributions, in which the extent of their intersystem variation is compared to their intrasystem variation via the Hodges–Lehmann test statistic. Overall, histogram and structural features tend to be most robust across all systems, and certain features, such as edge enhancement, tend to be more robust to intergenerational differences between detectors of a single vendor than to intervendor differences. Texture features extracted from larger regions of interest (i.e., 63 pixels 2 ) and with a larger offset length (i.e., 7 pixels ), when applicable, also appear to be more robust across imaging systems. This framework and observations from our experiments may benefit applications utilizing mammographic texture analysis on images acquired in multivendor settings, such as in multicenter studies of computer-aided detection and breast cancer risk assessment.
Strong bias of group generators: an obstacle to the “product replacement algorithm”

Let G be a finite group. Efficient generation of nearly uniformly distributed random elements in G, starting from a given set of generators of G, is a central problem in computational group theory. In this paper we demonstrate a weakness in the popular "product replacement algorithm," widely used for this purpose. The main results are the following. Let Nk(G) be the set of generating k-tuples of elements of G. Consider the distribution of the first components of the k-tuples in Nk(G) induced by the uniform distribution over Nk(G). We show that there exist infinite sequences of gtoups G such that this distribution is very far from uniform in two different senses: (1) its variation distance from uniform is > 1 - e and (2) there exists a short word (of length (loglog |G|)O(k)) which separates the two distributions with probability 1 - e. The class of groups we analyze is direct powers of alternating groups. The methods used include statistical analysis of permutation groups, the theory of random walks, the AKS sorting network, and a randomized simulation of monotone Boolean operations by group operations, inspired by Barrington's work on bounded-width branching programs. The problem is motivated by the product replacement algorithm which was introduced in [Comm. Algebra 23 (1995) 4931-4948] and is widely used. Our results show that for certain groups the probability distribution obtained by the product replacement algorithm has a bias which can be detected by a short straight line program.
Control Moment Gyros as Space-Robotics Actuators

Control moment gyros (CMGs) are an energy-efficient means of reactionless actuation. CMGs operate by gimbaling a high-speed rotor to change the momentum of a base body. We investigate a robotic linkage actuated by scissored-pair CMGs. Scissored pairs constrain the output torque from the CMGs to act along the joint axis, eliminating undesirable gyroscopic reaction torques. This work compares the energy required to actuate a robotic linkage with either CMGs or direct drive motors. We show that the CMG power is equal to the directdrive power for a large range of gimbal inertias and peak gimbal angles. The transverse rate does not independently affect this result. We find that the scissored pair’s peak gimbal rate is a ratio of body acceleration to body rate. The equations of motion for an n-link robot with CMGs are presented in a recursive form for easy implementation in software. The results for a one-link robot extend easily to two-link robots with orthogonal joint axes when the peak body rate and peak gimbal angle are adjusted to account for the influence of neighboring links. CMGs surprisingly outperform direct drive for a two-link robot with parallel joint axes when the joints rotate with opposite sign, as in reaching tasks; although the reverse is true when the joints act in unison. These differences arise because CMGs produce body torques with a zero-torque boundary condition at the joint, whereas direct drive produces joint torques.
Storage and Pre-Neutron Activation Analysis Treatment for Trace Element Analysis in Urine

The problems regarding storage and pre-neutron activation analysis treatment for the elements aluminrun. calcium, vanadium, selenium, copper, iodine, zinc, manganese, and magnesium in a urine matrix are reviewed. The type of collection and storage procedure and pre-neutron activation analysis treatment of urine depend on the specific trace element; that is, its inherent physical and chemical properties. Specifically polyethylene in teflon containers are the most suitable for general determinations. Whether any preservative is added would depend upon the stability of the trace element and its tendency for surface adsorption. Preferably preservatives should contain no radioactivatable elements for maximum efficacy. Freeze drying or packing urine shipments under dry ice needs to be explored on an individual basis. Each pre- or post-neutron activation analysis treatment is specific and optimized for the trace element analyzed.
Monstrous Utopia in Toni Morrison's Paradise

Contemporary US literature appears to have shied away from considerations of utopia. “Monstrous Utopia in Toni Morrison's Paradise” argues that Morrison creates two utopian communities to explore the ambiguous relationship between utopia and political imagination. The importance of communication in the small, unplanned utopian community of the Convent starkly exposes the danger of closing narrative possibilities as represented by the planned utopian community of Ruby. Utopian narratives, more than any other genre, create an argument for alternatives to the status quo. By examining intersections between utopian theory, Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri's concept of the multitude, and Morrison's Paradise, a space opens up for reconsidering ambiguous narratives of utopia in contemporary US fiction.
Effect of hyperglycemia and fatty acid oxidation inhibition during aerobic conditions and demand-induced ischemia

Metabolic interventions improve performance during demand-induced ischemia by reducing myocardial lactate production and improving regional systolic function. We tested the hypotheses that 1) stimu...
Transposition of the Great Arteries

Many patients with ventriculoarterial discordance have survived to adulthood. Those with complete transposition of the great arteries have often had an atrial switch procedure (Mustard or Senning operation) performed, which leaves the morphological right ventricle (RV) supporting the systemic circulation. RV failure and tricuspid regurgitation are common. Some patients may ultimately require cardiac transplantation. Sinus node dysfunction is increasingly common with longer follow-up, and some patients need pacemaker implantation. Atrial arrhythmias are frequent, and atrial flutter may be a marker for sudden death. Patients with an arterial switch procedure are also surviving to adulthood. Long-term problems include coronary stenoses, distortion of the pulmonary arteries, dilatation of the neoaortic root, and aortic regurgitation. Patients with congenitally corrected transposition have both atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance and therefore also have a morphological RV and delicate tricuspid valve in the systemic circulation. Associated defects, such as abnormalities of the tricuspid valve, ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary stenosis, occur in the majority of patients. Heart block occurs with increasing age. Atrial arrhythmias occur frequently, and their occurrence should prompt a search for a hemodynamic problem. Progressive tricuspid regurgitation occurs with age and is associated with deterioration of RV function. Surgical treatment should be considered at the earliest sign of RV dilatation or dysfunction. All patients should be seen periodically in a center where expertise in the clinical evaluation, imaging, and hemodynamic assessment of adult congenital heart disease is available.
Concrete Maturity Field Studies for Highway Applications

The Arrhenius maturity function was used to estimate strength evolution in three highway structures: a bridge pier, a bridge deck, and pavement. The research documents field instrumentation and strength estimation. Each structure was constructed with a mixture containing 35% ground granulated blast-furnace slag as a mass replacement of total cementitious materials and approximately a 0.40 water-cementitious materials ratio. The temperature profiles for each application were recorded and discussed. The logarithmic strength-maturity relationship was compared with the hyperbolic strength-maturity relationship for each application. Cylindrical concrete specimens, cast on site during construction, were exposed to a variety of curing conditions. Minor differences in material proportions were also investigated. The quality of cure of the companion specimens significantly affected the strength-maturity relationship. Small deviations in mixture proportions did not appear to affect significantly the strength maturi...
Molecular variation and possible lines of evolution of peptide and protein hormones.

The widespread distribution of certain steroids and amino acid derivatives with hormonal properties is considered evidence in support of the dictum that “it is not the hormones that change, but rather the uses to which they are put.” However, analyses of the distributions, biological activities, immunological cross-reactivities, and sequences of amino acids of five representative peptide and protein hormones or groups of hormones—lactogenic hormone, growth hormone, the corticotropin-MSH-β lipotropin family, insulin, and the neurohypophysial hormones—support a concept of change and of molecular evolution of these polypeptidic molecules. When analyzed in terms of the genetic code, the amino acid interchanges which have been revealed by determination of sequences of amino acids can, most often, be explained by single base mutations in the appropriate codons. In two instances where two base mutations within a single codon are required, intermediate replacements of amino acid have been suggested; one of these would lead to a 2-ALA-β MSH, and the other to a 4-PRO, 8-ILE oxytocin.
Quantitative information flow as network flow capacity

We present a new technique for determining how much information about a program's secret inputs is revealed by its public outputs. In contrast to previous techniques based on reachability from secret inputs (tainting), it achieves a more precise quantitative result by computing a maximum flow of information between the inputs and outputs. The technique uses static control-flow regions to soundly account for implicit flows via branches and pointer operations, but operates dynamically by observing one or more program executions and giving numeric flow bounds specific to them (e.g., "17 bits"). The maximum flow in a network also gives a minimum cut (a set of edges that separate the secret input from the output), which can be used to efficiently check that the same policy is satisfied on future executions. We performed case studies on 5 real C, C++, and Objective C programs, 3 of which had more than 250K lines of code. The tool checked multiple security policies, including one that was violated by a previously unknown bug.
A silicon carbide CMOS intelligent gate driver circuit with stable operation over a wide temperature range

In this paper, we present the design and fabrication of a high-temperature silicon carbide CMOS intelligent gate driver circuit intended for high-power switching applications. Using a temperature-insensitive comparator, several functions including overvoltage and undervoltage, as well as short- and open-load detection, are provided, all of which are operational up to 300/spl deg/C. These integrated circuits are ideally suited for harsh and high-temperature environments such as automotive and aircraft jet engines.
Review: the net benefits of depression management in primary care

Depression is often diagnosed and treated in primary care settings. Organizational and systems interventions that restructure primary care practices and train staff have been shown to be cost-effective strategies for treating depression. Funders are increasingly calling for a cost-benefit assessment of such programs. In this study, the authors review existing cost-effectiveness studies of primary care depression treatments, classify them into categories, translate the results into net benefit terms, and assess whether more costly programs generate greater net benefit. The authors find that interventions that provide training to primary care teams in how to manage depression most consistently produce net benefits, with more costly interventions of this type generating larger net benefits than less costly interventions. Collaborative care interventions, which add specialized staff to primary care practices, and therapy interventions, in which clinicians are trained to provide therapy, also generate net social benefits at conventional valuations of quality-adjusted life years.
CytoSaddleSum: a functional enrichment analysis plugin for Cytoscape based on sum-of-weights scores

Summary: CytoSaddleSum provides Cytoscape users with access to the functionality of SaddleSum, a functional enrichment tool based on sum-of-weight scores. It operates by querying SaddleSum locally (using the standalone version) or remotely (through an HTTP request to a web server). The functional enrichment results are shown as a term relationship network, where nodes represent terms and edges show term relationships. Furthermore, query results are written as Cytoscape attributes allowing easy saving, retrieval and integration into network-based data analysis workflows. Availability: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/CBBresearch/Yu/downloads.html The source code is placed in Public Domain. Contact: vog.hin.mln.ibcn@uyy Supplementary information: Supplementary materials are available at Bioinformatics online.
Confocal optical microscopy

Confocal optical microscopy is a technique for increasing the contrast of microscope images, particularly in thick specimens. By restricting the observed volume, the technique keeps overlying or nearby scatterers from contributing to the detected signal. The price for this is that the instrument must observe only one point at a time (in the scanning laser version) or a group of separated points with very little light (in the disc version). This paper describes how the confocal advantage comes about and how it is implemented in actual instruments.
Longitudinal Perspective and Current Profile: Eighteen Years of Office Systems Graduate Follow-Up

Abstract Beginning in 1977, an 18-year longitudinal perspective of office systems within the rapidly changing business environment has been provided by the 263 graduates of the office systems program at the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater. Recent surveys in 1992 and 1994 also provide a current profile of the experiences and viewpoints of office systems graduates presently employed in their chosen field. Over this period of 18 years, some findings have remained constant. However, major changes are taking place currently for office systems graduates, as indicated by responses to the 1992 and 1994 surveys. Present students can look forward to receiving technology-related positions, promotional opportunities, and excellent benefits and salaries.
Co-ordinate but disproportionate activation of apoptotic, regenerative and inflammatory pathways characterizes the liver response to acute amebic infection.

Summary The liver has the remarkable ability to respond to injury with repair and regeneration. The protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the major cause of liver abscess worldwide. We report a transcriptional analysis of the response of mouse liver to E. histolytica infection, the first study looking at acute liver infection by a non-viral pathogen. Focusing on early time points, we identified 764 genes with altered transcriptional levels in amebic liver abscess. The response to infection is rapid and complex, with con- current increased expression of genes linked to host defence through IL-1, TLR2, or interferon-induced pathways, liver regeneration via activation of IL-6 pathways, and genes associated with programmed cell death possibly through TNF α or Fas pathways. A comparison of amebic liver infection with the liver response to partial hepatectomy or toxins reveals striking similarities between amebic liver abscess and non-infectious injury in key components of the liver regeneration pathways. However, the response in amebic liver abscess is biased towards apoptosis when compared with acute liver injury from hepatec- tomy, toxins, or other forms of liver infection. E. histolytica infection of the liver simultaneously activates inflammatory, regenerative and apoptotic pathways, but the sum of these early responses is biased towards programmed cell death.
The role of leukocytes in tissue injury

The recruitment of leukocytes to the sites of inflammation and leukocyte-derived inflammatory mediators contributes to the development of tissue injury associated with inflammatory diseases. The first step in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions is adhesion of circulating leukocytes to activated vascular endothelial cell in the inflamed tissues and subsequent transmigration through the endothelial cells. During these processes, leukocytes are activated to secrete a variety of substances such as growth factors, chemokines and cytokines, complement components, proteases, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen metabolites, which are considered to be one of the primary sources of the tissue injury. Prevention or reduction of leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion often results in a profound attenuation of the microvasculature and parenchymal cell dysfunction in various animal models of human inflammatory diseases. It has been shown that all aspirin-like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents share at least one characteristic in that all of these agents diminish the adhesive interactions required for the accumulation of leukocytes at the site of inflamed tissue. The challenge for future investigations will need to be carefully examined: the relations between leukocyte and endothelial cell interactions, the mechanisms of activation of leukocytes and endothelial cells, and the components of the signaling pathways. Information related to these topics will allow a better understanding of the role of leukocytes in inflammatory tissue injury and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Glioblastoma Microvesicles Transport RNA and Proteins, Promoting Tumor Growth

The recent discovery that tumor-derived proteins and nucleic acid are carried in nano-sized vesicles in the plasma of patients with brain tumors has expanded opportunities for biomarker discovery and therapeutics. Through delivery of their contents to surrounding cells, these small extra-cellular vesicles secreted by tumors including glioblastomas are able to modulate their environment to promote tumor growth and survival. In this chapter, we discuss the potential use of small microvesicles as sources of tumor-specific biomarkers, mediators of therapy, and treatment monitoring. We review the normal physiology of these vesicles, their characterization, and new directions for research in this interesting field.
Dynamics of pH Modification of an Acidic Protein Bait Used for Tropical Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Several species of Anastrepha and Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are captured in traps baited with the protein bait NuLure combined with borax (sodium tetraborate decahydrate) in an aqueous solution, typically 9% NuLure (vol:vol) with 3% borax (wt:vol). NuLure is an acid hydrolysate of corn and has an acidic pH. Addition of borax makes the solution more alkaline, and increase in alkalinity results in increase of ammonia release from the bait solution. This is a very dynamic system, with resultant pH affected by factors such as the amount of borax added, the pH of the water used for preparation, the age of the bait solution, and the development of microbial growth. Problems with borax include amount needed to increase alkalinity of NuLure solutions, which creates difficulties in disposing of spent bait in fruit fly trapping programs. Therefore, research was conducted to evaluate NaOH as an alternative method to increase alkalinity of NuLure solutions. Laboratory experiments compared effect of NaOH versus borax for pH modification on changes in pH and ammonia content of NuLure solutions over time. Although NuLure/NaOH solutions could be adjusted to a more alkaline pH than NuLure/borax solutions, borax plays a critical role in pH stability over time. However, the pH of NuLure/NaOH is stabilized when propylene glycol (10% vol:vol) was used to prepare the bait solution. The use of NaOH can provide an alternative to the use of borax to increase bait solution alkalinity.
The Historian as Archival Advocate: Ulrich Bonnell Phillips and the Records of Georgia and the South

Historian Ulrich Bonnell Phillips (1877-1934) is best known as the author of two of the most influential works in the field of Southern history, American Negro Slavery (1918) and Life and Labor in the Old South (1929). This article underscores Phillips's efforts to promote the location, appraisal, arrangement, description, and conservation of the historical documents, especially plantation manuscripts and local records, of the Old South. In 1903 Phillips prepared an important report for the American Historical Association surveying Georgia's archives. Two years later he summarized the state of archival affairs for the entire South. Phillips's advocacy of systematic archival practice in the South furthered his career, enhanced his private collection of manuscripts and documents, and encouraged the establishment of state and university archival programs in his native region.
Chaotic Dynamics in Economic Equilibrium Theory

Economic theorists have traditionally concentrated their attention on static phenomena or, at most, on dynamic behaviors that converge to stationary states. Recent literature has instead emphasized the possibility of persistent oscillations and chaos in dynamic economic models.
Early diagnosis and successful management of oral mucormycosis in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient: case report and literature review

Purpose Oral mucormycosis is a rare and high risk of infection in patients following hematopoietic cell transplantation few cases in the literature. We review the literature and present an additional case to emphasize the subtle changes that resulted in positive outcome when diagnosed and managed in a comprehensive transplant team.
Abstract 3522: BET and BRAF inhibitors act synergistically against BRAF mutant melanoma

Purpose: Despite major advances in the treatment of metastatic melanoma, treatment failure is still inevitable in most cases. Manipulation of key epigenetic regulators, including inhibition of Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family members impairs cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo in different cancers, including melanoma. BET inhibition is thought to impair downstream transcriptional activity of the MAPK (MAPK) pathway and other key oncogenic signaling pathways, suggesting complementarity with MAPK inhibition. Here, we investigated the effect of combining the BET inhibitor JQ1 with the BRAF inhibitor Vemurafenib in in vitro and in vivo models of BRAF-mutant melanoma. We additionally screened potential synergism of JQ-1 with 27 additional compounds including inhibitors of the proteasome, histone deacetylases (HDACi) and MEK. Methods: We performed cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays, and a xenograft mouse model to determine the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of JQ1 in combination with Vemurafenib against BRAF-mutant melanoma cell lines. Further, to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of this combined treatment, we conducted antibody arrays of in vitro drug-treated cell lines and RNA sequencing of drug-treated xenograft tumors. Synergism between JQ1 and other targeted compounds was examined by in vitro cytotoxicity assays. Results: The combination of JQ1 and Vemurafenib acted synergistically in BRAF-mutant cell lines. Additional combinations that were found synergistic included JQ-1 plus proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib and marizomib, HDAC inhibitors (romidepsin and panobinostat), or anti-Bcl2 small molecules (Obatoclax and TW-37). The combination of JQ-1 and Vemurafenib resulted in marked apoptosis in vitro, with up-regulation of several pro-apoptotic proteins involved in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. In vivo, this combination treatment suppressed tumor growth and significantly improved survival compared to either drug alone. RNA sequencing of tumor tissues revealed almost four thousand genes that were uniquely modulated by the combination. Furthermore, several anti-apoptotic genes such as MCL-1, BCL-XL and BCL-2 were significantly down-regulated. Conclusions: Collectively, our data provide a rationale for combinations of BET inhibitors with additional compounds including BRAF inhibitors, as a novel strategy for the treatment of melanoma. Citation Format: Luca Paoluzzi, Douglas Hanniford, Elena Sokolova, Iman Osman, Farbod Darvishian, Jinhua Wang, James E. Bradner, Eva Hernando. BET and BRAF inhibitors act synergistically against BRAF mutant melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3522. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3522
Electrochemical arsine generators for arsenic determination.

Arsine generation is the gateway for several sensitive and selective methods of As determination. An electrochemical arsine generator (EAG) is especially green: we report here the use of two electrode materials, aluminum and highly oriented (ordered) pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) never before used for this purpose. The first is operated on a novel constant voltage mode: current flows only when the sample, deliberately made highly conductive with acid, is injected. As a result, the cathode, despite being a highly active metal that will self-corrode in acid, lasts a long time. This EAG can be made to respond to As(III) and As(V) in an equivalent fashion and is fabricated with two readily available chromatographic T-fittings. It permits the use of a wire roll as the cathode, permitting rapid renewal of the electrode. The HOPG-based EAG is easily constructed from ion chromatography suppressor shells and can convert As(III) to AsH3 quantitatively but has significantly lower response to As(V); this difference can b...
Applied Research of Performance Test on Master Station of Metering Automation System

Metering automation system is playing an increasingly important role throughout the power supply bureaus of Guangdong Power Grid Corporation.Since the system is connecting large number of terminals,and each terminal is collecting rich data,the master station of metering automation system should deal with massive data.Therefore,it is necessary to test whether the master station can meet the performance requirements of massive data processing using advanced techniques and tools.This paper researched on the performance test method of master station of metering automation system,and summed up a set of practical performance test strategies and methods.We conducted a rigorous performance test on metering automation system of Zhuhai power supply bureau.The results show that our strategies and methods can effectively reflect the performance capabilities of master stations of metering automation system.
A follow-up study on shifts in length and weight growth during the first 2 years of life

Objective To study the shifts in percentiles of length and weight during the first 2 years of life and analyze the factors affecting children's length.Methods Data of children from physical examination at Department of Child Health Care of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were collected retrospectively from August 1996 to December 2008 and prospectively from January 2009 to March 2010.Follow-up was carried out according to the principle that the first physical examination was finished younger than 2 months±15 d of age,follow-up must be taken more than 6 times from the first time to 1 year old and more than 2 times from 1 year old to 2 years old.Length and weight of children were measured by nurses and the data of parents' length were recorded.According to the follow-up ages,children were grouped to 2 months,-4months,-6months, -8 months,-10 months,-12 months,-18 months and -24 months groups.The data measured at the first visit was analyzed as the basic ones.CDC Growth Chart(2000) of America was used as the references.While the percentiles of growth chart shifted up or down at least one main percentile were defined as "catch-up" or "catch-down" to analyze the data.Results In total 331 children(3 421 measurements) were enrolled into the study,152 were collected from August 1996 to December 2008 and 179 were collected from January 2009 to March 2010.One hundred and seventy-two participants were boys and 159 were girls.The average basic Z scores of all the participants were 0.18±0.67.①One hundred and seventy-nine of 331 children(54.1%) children with 246 measurements showed catch-up growth,229 measurements caught up 1 major percentile and 17 measurements caught up 2 major percentiles.Fifty-six of three hundred and thirty-one children(16.9%) with 63 measurements caught down 1 major percentile and none caught down 2 major percentiles.The average length of all ages was between P_(50) and P_(75).②Shifts of linear growth in 3 to 6 month,-12 month and -24 month were connected with mothers' height and children's basic length,shifts in 7 to 12 month were connected with father's height also.③Three hundred and nine measurements showed catch-up growth,232 measurements caught up 1 major percentile and 77 caught up 2 major percentiles.Six hundred and forty-one measurements showed catch-down growth,596 measurements caught down 1 major percentile and 45 measurements caught down 2 major percentiles.The average weight of all ages was unstable.Conclusions The size at birth only reflected the growth during fetuses,which do not decide the growth afterward.Basic length and heritage should be taken into consideration when assessing the shifts of linear growth during first 2 years.
General Situation of Prokaryotes and the Composition of Marine Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes and their classification,outline of constructional states of most members of bacterial and archaeal domains,compositions of marine bactera and marine archaea,main and common species,genu ses of marine prokaryotes are briefly introduced.
Productive Efficiency of Public Expenditures: A Cross-state Study

Public productivity, in particular the efficiency of public expenditures, has been a subject of academic and nonacademic debate for a long time. A number of studies have been conducted over the yea...
The Effects of Cultural Differences on Bilateral Trade Patterns

We argue that using the aggregate of the Euclidian distance of different dimensions of culture to measure the impact of culture on bilateral trade patterns as is conventional in the literature is f...
Development and reproductive biology of Laricobius nigrinus, a potential biological control agent of Adelges tsugae

Biological studies on Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) were conducted in the laboratory to obtain basic information on this littleknown predator. Laricobius nigrinus is acandidate biological control agent of thehemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugaeAnnand (Homoptera: Adelgidae), an exotic peston eastern (Tsuga canadensis (L.)Carriere) and Carolina (T.caroliniana Engelmann) hemlocks in the easternUnited States. It is univoltine andundergoes an aestival diapause. Post-aestivation activity period was 36.6 and30.8 weeks for males and females, respectively. Adult activity and oviposition are wellsynchronized with the over-wintering generationof A. tsugae. Mean lifetime fecunditywas 100.8 eggs over a mean duration of 13.2weeks oviposition period. Within thetemperature range (12–18°C) studied,development was fastest at 18°C. Meandevelopment time from egg to adult was 88.8,64.8 and 46.6 days at 12, 15 and 18°C,respectively. Laricobius nigrinus hasfour larval instars. Mean larval consumptionwas 225.9 and 252.3 A. tsugae eggs at 12and 18°C, respectively. Thesefindings provide essential data on the rate ofdevelopment and feeding capacity of L. nigrinusat temperatures typical of ambientconditions during late winter/early spring inVirginia. Its rapid development at18°C indicates that it has potential asa biological control agent of A. tsugaebecause of its synchrony with the developmentof the over-wintering generation of A. tsugaein eastern United States.
Early-life status epilepticus induces long-term deficits in anxiety and spatial learning in mice.

Abstract Background One of the most devastating aspects of developmental epilepsy is the long-term impact on behavior. Children with epilepsy show a high co-morbidity with anxiety disorders and autism. Methods To examine whether early-life status epilepticus results in altered anxiety, repetitive behavior, social behavior, and learning and memory, we induced status epilepticus in male C57BL/6 mice on postnatal day (PD) 10. The mice received intraperitoneal injections of either kainic acid (2 mg/kg) or 0.9% normal saline. We also included a nontreated control group. Kainic acid induced status epilepticus for approximately 1.5 h. At PD60, the adult mice were then tested in a battery of behavioral tasks, including open field activity, elevated-plus maze, light-dark test, marble burying, social chamber, social partition, conditioned fear, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze. Results The early-life seizure group showed consistent increases in anxiety in the open field test (p Conclusions These results demonstrate that a single insult of status epilepticus during the neonatal period is sufficient to cause specific, long-term impairments in anxiety and spatial learning.
Acute Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Three-Dimensional Visualization and Quantification of Hemodynamic Alterations Using 4-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Background and Purpose— Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) affects venous hemodynamics and can provoke severe stroke and chronic intracranial hypertension. We sought to comprehensively analyze 3-dimensional blood flow and hemodynamic alterations during acute CVT including collateral recruitment and at follow-up. Methods— Twenty-two consecutive patients with acute CVT were prospectively included and underwent routine brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 4-dimensional flow MRI at 3 T for the in vivo assessment of cerebral blood flow. Neurological and MRI follow-up at 6 months was performed in 18 patients. Results— Three-dimensional blood flow visualization and quantification of large dural venous sinuses and deep cerebral veins was successfully performed in all patients. During acute CVT, we observed abnormal flow patterns including stagnant flow, flow acceleration in stenoses, and change of flow directions. In patients with complete recanalization, flow trajectories resembled those known from previously published 4-dimensional flow MRI data in healthy adults. There was a trend toward a relationship between occluded segments and cerebral lesions (not significant). Furthermore, patients with versus without cerebral lesions showed increased mean (0.08±0.09 versus 0.005±0.014 m/s) and peak velocities (0.18±0.21 versus 0.006±0.02 m/s) within partially thrombosed left and right transverse sinuses ( P <0.05) at baseline. Conclusions— Four-dimensional flow MRI was successfully applied for the 3-dimensional visualization and quantification of venous hemodynamics in patients with CVT and provided new dynamic information regarding vessel recanalization. This technique seems promising to investigate the contribution of hemodynamic parameters and collaterals in a larger cohort to identify those at risk of stroke.
Benchmarking techniques for reconciling Bayesian small area models at distinct geographic levels

In sample surveys, there is often insufficient sample size to obtain reliable direct estimates for parameters of interest for certain domains. Precision can be increased by introducing small area models which ‘borrow strength’ by connecting different areas through use of explicit linking models, area-specific random effects, and auxiliary covariate information. One consequence of the use of small area models is that small area estimates at a lower (for example, county) geographic level typically will not aggregate to the estimate at the corresponding higher (for example, state) geographic level. Benchmarking is the statistical procedure for reconciling these differences. This paper provides new perspectives for the benchmarking problem, especially for complex Bayesian small area models which require Markov Chain Monte Carlo estimation. Two new approaches to Bayesian benchmarking are introduced: one procedure based on minimum discrimination information, and another procedure for fully Bayesian self-consistent conditional benchmarking. Notably the proposed procedures construct adjusted posterior distributions whose first and higher order moments are consistent with the benchmarking constraints. It is shown that certain existing benchmarked estimators are special cases of the proposed methodology under normality, giving a distributional justification for the use of benchmarked estimates. Additionally, a ‘flexible’ benchmarking constraint is introduced, where the higher geographic level estimate is not considered fixed, and is simultaneously adjusted, along with lower level estimates.
Substrate Selection and Its Impact on Mitochondrial Respiration and Redox

At the crossroad of fuels utilization, the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex plays a key role in substrate selection (primarily of glucose and fatty acids (FAs)) by mitochondria. In mammals, substrate selection takes place in all organs although to differing degrees depending upon nutritional conditions, physiological status (e.g., feed-fast, exercise), and the absence or presence of disease (e.g., metabolic disorder, cancer). Nutritional states such as those given by starvation, diabetes, caloric restriction, or aging can favor the oxidation of FAs over carbohydrates or vice versa, in which case modulation of the PDH complex is critically important for favoring or hindering the conservation of carbohydrate reserves. In this work, we review the literature in the context of the capacity of a cell or organ to adjust fuel selection as a function of nutrient availability and its influence on mitochondrial energetic-redox functions. We also present a computational model of PDH which includes its regulation by multiple effectors (AcCoA, CoA, NADH, NAD, ATP, ADP, Ca2+, pyruvate) targeting specific kinases and phosphatases that render the enzymatic complex phosphorylated (inactive) or dephosphorylated (active), respectively. Selection by mitochondria between glucose and FAs at different relative levels of both substrates, and its impact on respiration, ROS emission, effector levels, and the fluxes through PDH and β-oxidation, are also presented and analyzed.