cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fine-Tuning the Wetting Behavior of Polyelectrolyte Films with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

Charge-alternating polyelectrolyte multilayers containing the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were constructed by adsorption from aqueous solution. The polyelectrolyte films contained the polycation PEI (poly(ethylenimine)) and the polyanion PAZO (poly[1-[4-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenylazo)-benzenesulfonamido]-1,2-ethanediyl, sodium salt]). SDS adsorption on the PEI/PAZO/PEI trilayer was studied using dynamic tensiometry and single wavelength ellipsometry. Advancing contact angle measurements of SDS adsorption onto PEI surfaces indicate that surfactant adsorption is complete within 1 min. The contact angle increases with surfactant concentration, from 30° (0 mM SDS) and plateaus to a constant value of 80° beyond 0.01 mM SDS. Constructing films from varying concentrations of PEI allowed the degree of PAZO interpenetration to be qualitatively measured. Contact angle and ellipsometric thickness studies indicate that PAZO interpenetrates 32 A into the terminal PEI layer, above which the surface is composed entirely of PEI. Maximum SDS adsorption is observed above the interpenetrated region, consistent with maximum electrostatic interaction between the terminal PEI layer and SDS.
A continuous automatic correction algorithm for instrumental drifts

Abstract An algorithm which can continuously correct for instrumental drifts in event mode data has been developed. The algorithm is based on exponential averages. Its implementation is simple and its execution fast.
Interaction between the ribosomal subunits: 16S rRNA suppressors of the lethal ΔA1916 mutation in the 23S rRNA of Escherichia coli

A1916 in 23S rRNA is located in one of the major intersubunit bridges of the 70S ribosome. Deletion of A1916 disrupts the intersubunit bridge B2a, promotes misreading of the genetic code and is lethal. In a genetic selection for suppressor mutations, two base substitutions in 16S rRNA were recovered that restored viability and also allowed expression of ΔA1916-associated capreomycin resistance. These mutations were G1048A in helix 34 and U1471C in helix 44. Restoration of function is incomplete, however, and the double mutants are slow-growing, defective in subunit association and support high levels of translational errors. In contrast, none of these parameters is affected by the single 16S suppressor mutations. U1471C likely affects another intersubunit contact, bridge B6, suggesting that interactions between different bridges and cross-talk between subunits contributes to ribosomal function.
Adsorption of toluene onto activated carbons exposed to 100 ppb ozone

Abstract The effects of 100 ppb ozone exposure on the adsorption of 1 ppm toluene on activated carbon are presented for dry (less than 5% RH) and humid (55% RH) air. In dry air, the 10% toluene breakthrough times of granular carbon beds exposed to ozone for 208 days are 17% less than those of unexposed carbon beds. At 55% RH, the corresponding reduction in toluene breakthrough time is 78%. For a humid environment with 100 ppb ozone, filter life would be reduced by more than half compared to the expected life based on tests in the absence of ozone. This degradation is attributed to changes in carbon surface chemistry, surface area, and pore volume that occur with relatively brief exposure to the ozone.
XPCS: Nanoscale motion and rheology

Abstract X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) has emerged as a powerful technique for investigating slow, nanometer-scale structural dynamics in materials. This paper reviews major directions of recent XPCS research on complex fluids where significant information relevant to their rheological behavior has been obtained. The review focuses on three topics: block-copolymer phases, colloidal glasses and gels, and polymer thin-film surfaces and interfaces. The paper also discusses important anticipated developments for XPCS in the near future and describes some particularly promising directions for the technique in advancing understanding of complex-fluid rheology, including the application of XPCS to microrheology.
Peptide wrwycr inhibits the excision of several prophages and traps holliday junctions inside bacteria.

Peptide inhibitors of phage lambda site-specific recombination were previously isolated by screening synthetic combinatorial peptide libraries. These inhibitors cause the accumulation of complexes between the recombinase and the Holliday junction intermediate of several highly divergent tyrosine recombinases. Peptide WRWYCR and its d-amino acid derivative bind to the center of protein-free junctions and prevent their resolution either by site-specific recombinases or by junction resolvases or helicases. With lesser affinity, the peptides also bind to branched DNA molecules that mimic replication forks. The peptides are bactericidal to both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, presumably because they can interfere with DNA repair and with chromosome dimer resolution by the XerC and XerD tyrosine recombinases. In order to test the correspondence between their mechanism in vivo and in vitro, we have tested and shown peptide wrwycr9s ability to inhibit the excision of several prophages (lambda, P22, Gifsy-1, Gifsy-2, Fels-1, Fels-2) and to trap Holliday junction intermediates of phage lambda site-specific recombination in vivo. In addition, we found that the peptide inhibits replication of the Salmonella prophage Fels-1 while integrated in the chromosome. These findings further support the proposed mechanistic basis for the antimicrobial activity of the peptide and its use as a tool to dissect strand exchange-dependent DNA repair within cells.
Sensorless Current Sharing Analysis and Scheme for Multiphase Converters

Current sharing control in multiphase converters is essential for stable and safe operation under variable conditions or applications. In conventional current sharing schemes, this requires the sensing and processing on each phase current through a current sharing/balancing controller, which adds complexity, size, and cost to the converter design. In most cases, conventional schemes are usually based on achieving a pre-set current sharing ratio between phases (usually equal current value among different phases), assuming that the phase design is known (or symmetric in the case of equal sharing ratio), which may not result in the optimum efficiency. The accuracy of achieving the pre-set current sharing ratio is sensitive to the current sensing accuracy in all phases, which requires careful and tedious calibration of sensing circuitries. In this paper, theoretical analysis results are presented to derive a sensor less current sharing method. The analysis is further expanded to reveal the boundary conditions that result in not achieving the desired current sharing ratio. The presented method is described and verified with experimental results from a proof of concept prototype based on digital controller implementation.
Everyday Hassles: Barriers to Recovery in Drug Court

Participants in a drug court are subjects in a study that analyzes the relationship between the everyday problems they identify in discussions with the judge and their patterns of recovery, as measured by compliance with program requirements. 130 types of problems mentioned in court revealed that problems generally are those associated with the individuals themselves (e.g., their physical health), their immediate social milieu (e.g., domestic abuse), and the larger social structure in which they negotiate their lives (e.g., acquiring Medicaid benefits). The most frequently mentioned types of problems were “structural” in nature. Patterns of recovery identified in program graduates resulted in labels of “clear sailers,” “late bloomers,” “occasional stumblers,” and “chronic stumblers.” A case study of an occasional stumbler reveals some ways in which everyday hassles and her responses to them affected her recovery.
NMR spectroscopic and analytical ultracentrifuge analysis of membrane protein detergent complexes

Background Structural studies of integral membrane proteins (IMPs) are hampered by inherent difficulties in their heterologous expression and in the purification of solubilized protein-detergent complexes (PDCs). The choice and concentrations of detergents used in an IMP preparation play a critical role in protein homogeneity and are thus important for successful crystallization.
Modeling bivariate longitudinal diagnostic outcome data in the absence of a gold standard

Diagnostic screening involves testing humans or animals for the presence of disease or infection. For some diseases, a perfect, “gold-standard” test does not exist or is too invasive or expensive to use. Hence, the goals of diagnostic testing may include: quantifying the performance of an imperfect test, diagnosing subjects, and estimating disease prevalence – possibly in the absence of a perfect reference test. To date, most work in this area has focused on cross-sectional data. We extend recent work by developing a model for bivariate longitudinal diagnostic outcomes in the no-gold standard case. We consider the situation where a continuous test and a binary test are repeatedly administered to each subject. For infected subjects, we assume the existence of a changepoint corresponding to time of infection and posit appropriate changes to the model thereafter. This results in a varying-dimensional parameter space since the true infection status of the subjects is unknown. We make inference using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, incorporating the Reversible Jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm of Green for posterior simulation from a varying-dimensional parameter space. We test the model’s performance on simulated data, and then analyze a data set based on Johne’s disease in cattle.
Linking Time to the Pressure–Temperature Path for Ultrahigh-Pressure Rocks

Establishing the timing and duration of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism (UHP) for crustal rocks subducted to mantle depths of over 100 km requires high-precision geochronology directly coupled with pressure-sensitive indicators. The best links between UHP conditions and an age estimate are inclusions of the UHP indicator minerals coesite and/or diamond in datable zircon or garnet. Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd garnet ages define the prograde and peak portions of the pressure–temperature path for cold ( 1 cm/y) UHP systems. UHP metamorphism in hotter (>800 °C) and slower (<1 cm/y) terranes is best dated by U–Pb analysis of coesite-bearing zircon domains coupled with Sm–Nd and Lu–Hf garnet analysis.
New Young Star Candidates in the Taurus-Auriga Region as Selected from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer

The Taurus Molecular Cloud subtends a large solid angle on the sky, in excess of 250 deg^2. The search for legitimate Taurus members to date has been limited by sky coverage as well as the challenge of distinguishing members from field interlopers. The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer has recently observed the entire sky, and we take advantage of the opportunity to search for young stellar object (YSO) candidate Taurus members from a ~260 deg^2 region designed to encompass previously identified Taurus members. We use near- and mid-infrared colors to select objects with apparent infrared excesses and incorporate other catalogs of ancillary data to present a list of rediscovered Taurus YSOs with infrared excesses (taken to be due to circumstellar disks), a list of rejected YSO candidates (largely galaxies), and a list of 94 surviving candidate new YSO-like Taurus members. There is likely to be contamination lingering in this candidate list, and follow-up spectra are warranted.
Fall Prevention Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Community Stakeholders and Older Adults

We assessed knowledge, attitude, and provision of recommended fall prevention (FP) practices by employees of senior-serving organization and participation in FP practices by at-risk elders. The Washington State Department of Health administered structured telephone surveys to 50 employees and 101 elders in Washington State. Only 38% of employees felt “very knowledgeable” about FP, and a majority of their organizations did not regularly offer FP services. Almost half (48%) of seniors sustained a fall within the past 12 months; however, one-third perceived falling to be among their least important health concerns, and most had minimal working knowledge of proven FP practices. Seniors who perceived avoiding falls as important to their well-being were more likely to participate in practices about which they had the least knowledge (risk assessment, medication management). Increased awareness and availability of FP services might help engage older adults in FP practices and reduce the adverse effects of falls.
Regulation of Penicillinase Synthesis: Evidence for a Unified Model

The kinetics of penicillinase induction in Bacillus cereus 569 was investigated. An increase in the rate of penicillinase synthesis was demonstrated within 30 sec of the addition of inducer (benzylpenicillin); however, the maximum induced rate of penicillinase synthesis was not attained until at least 30 min after the addition of inducer. In contrast to earlier claims, a quantitative estimate showed that the penicillinase messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) half-life is approximately 2 min. These findings strongly suggest that the rate of synthesis of penicillinase mRNA increases continuously during most of the 30-min latent period. A model for the regulation of penicillinase synthesis in three gram-positive organisms is presented which is consistent with a nondiffusible inducer, a short-lived mRNA, a relatively long latent period (i.e., an apparently slow inactivation of penicillinase repressor), and the existence of at least two regulatory genes.
Insulin has a biphasic effect on the ability of human chorionic gonadotropin to induce ovarian cysts in the rat.

Abstract Hyperinsulinemia enhances the ability of subovulatory doses of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce ovarian follicular cysts in the rat. To determine the relative contribution of these hormones to the development of ovarian cysts, adult female rats were treated with either (1) vehicle alone (controls), (2) a high-fat diet (HFD) to control for the effects of weight gain, (3) 1.5 to 6 IU hCG twice daily plus 6 U insulin (Ins)/d, or (4) 1.5 to 9 U Ins/d plus 3 IU hCG twice daily. On day 23 of the in vivo treatments, all groups that received at least 6 U Ins/d displayed increased body weight compared with control and HFD rats ( P ≤ .05). No control rats and only one HFD rat displayed ovarian cysts on this day. Plasma estrone (E1) and androstenedione (A4) were elevated in HFD rats with noncystic follicles compared with control rats ( P ≤ .05). Between 64% and 80% of rats on 6 U Ins/d plus twice-daily injections of 1.5 to 6 IU hCG displayed ovarian cysts on day 23. Plasma estradiol (E2) concentrations for these treatment groups were similar to those of control rats. Of the hormonally treated animals, only those that had ovarian cysts in response to twice-daily injections of 4.5 or 6 IU hCG plus 6 U Ins/d displayed elevated plasma A4 and/or testosterone compared with controls. In contrast, plasma E1 concentrations were elevated on day 23 for animals bearing ovarian cysts in response to increasing doses of hCG plus the fixed dose of 6 U Ins/d. Between 70% and 80% of rats treated twice daily with 3 IU hCG plus a daily dose of 1.5 to 6 U Ins displayed ovarian cysts on day 23. In marked contrast, only 25% of rats treated with this dose of hCG plus 9 U Ins/d developed cystic follicles. Of the plasma steroids tested, only E1 and A4 were elevated in these treatment groups compared with controls. However, these increases in plasma steroid concentrations did not correlate with the dose of insulin. We conclude from these data that, although the mechanisms remain to be elucidated, extreme hyperinsulinemia has the paradoxical ability to attenuate the induction of ovarian cysts by hCG in some animals.
Catfish stings: a report of three cases.

During a two-month period, three patients with embedded freshwater catfish spines were seen. In each case, the spine was visualized radio-graphically and then removed. All three patients completed a course of cephalosporins and recovered without infection.
Percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty

Almost all mitral stenosis (MS) is rheumatic in etiology. The patient with MS who is symptomatic despite medical therapy should undergo percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty or mitral valvular surgery (commissurotomy or replacement). The choice of procedure is determined by patient preference and the echocardiographic morphologic features of the valvular and subvalvular apparati. With balloon valvuloplasty, the rate of success is > 90%. At institutions where operators are experienced with balloon valvuloplasty and open surgical commissurotomy, their acute and long-term results are comparable. Balloon valvuloplasty occasionally is associated with complications, including death in 0 to 1%, moderate or severe valvular regurgitation in 3 to 5%, and systemic embolization in 1 to 3%.
The role of critical thinking in academic dishonesty policies

Colleges and universities have adopted two main strategies for addressing academic dishonesty: the behavior modification strategy and the character development strategy. Both of these strategies are often lacking one important component: teaching students to think critically about values. This paper explores the importance of integrating critical thinking into academic dishonesty policies.
The efficiency of randomized parallel backtrack search

We present a refined analysis of the randomized parallel backtrack search algorithm (RPBS) of Karp and Zhang (1993). It is shown that the total number of messages occurred in the execution of RPBS is likely to be O(hp log d) where h and d are the height and degree of the backtrack search tree and p is the number of processors used. As a consequence, under the assumption of unit-time message delivery, the execution time of RPBS is likely to be n/p+O(h log d). Given its limited amount of communication, RPBS can be efficiently implemented in a message-passing or shared-memory multiprocessor systems. A general analysis of network implementation of RPBS is given. Some experimental data are also presented. >
Transfer function for the deposition of poorly sorted gravel in response to streambed aggradation

As a river bed of heterogeneous gravel degrades, previously buried material becomes exposed on the surface and thus available for transport. As the river aggrades, surface material and bedload becomes buried, resulting in a transfer of material to the substrate. Any predictive treatment of bed variation in gravel-bed rivers must account for this process in terms of an appropriate transfer, or exchange function at the interface between the surface layer and substrate. In the case of degradation it has long been recognized that substrate is incorporated directly into the surface layer. In the case of aggradation, however, existing formulations are based on little more than educated speculation. Here data from a large-scale experiment on the aggradation and selective deposition of gravel are used to back-calculate a form for the transfer function. The empirical relation so derived suggests that material transferred to the substrate can be represented as a weighted average of bedload and surface material, wit...
Diffuse Vibrational Signature of a Single Proton Embedded in the Oxalate Scaffold, HO2CCO2(-).

To understand how the D2d oxalate scaffold (C2O4)2– distorts upon capture of a proton, we report the vibrational spectra of the cryogenically cooled HO2CCO2– anion and its deuterated isotopologue DO2CCO2–. The transitions associated with the skeletal vibrations and OH bending modes are sharp and are well described by inclusion of cubic terms in the normal mode expansion of the potential surface through an extended Fermi resonance analysis. The ground state structure features a five-membered ring with an asymmetric intramolecular proton bond. The spectral signatures of the hydrogen stretches, on the contrary, are surprisingly diffuse, and this behavior is not anticipated by the extended Fermi scheme. We trace the diffuse bands to very strong couplings between the high-frequency OH-stretch and the low-frequency COH bends as well as heavy particle skeletal deformations. A simple vibrationally adiabatic model recovers this breadth of oscillator strength as a 0 K analogue of the motional broadening commonly us...
Photoactivated Perylenequinone Toxins in Plant Pathogenesis

Fungi that parasitize plants have at their disposal a large and diverse set of tools required for successful colonization of their hosts. Among the most effective of these strategies is the production of phytotoxic compounds that play multiple roles in plant disease. These range from toxins that facilitate infection by suppressing normal plant defense pathways to ones that alter normal metabolic processes and symptom expression to toxins that directly kill the cells of the host, allowing for colonization of dead tissue. Among the most intriguing of the well studied plant pathogen toxins are the photoactivated perylenequinones. These substances, the product of the polyketide pathway in ascomycete fungi, are colored compounds that are converted to their toxic state through photoactivation. Although studied most for their involvement in plant pathogenesis, photoactivated perylenequinones have also been recovered from saprophytic species, suggesting that they may have broad functions in fungi. This chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge of the mode of action, biosynthesis, regulation, and understanding of cellular resistance to this group of compounds, with an emphasis on studies done on the perylenequinone cercosporin, produced by members of the genus Cercospora, a large and successful group of foliar plant pathogens.
Treatment (tx) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for patients (pts) with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC): The M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) experience

6060 Background: DTC is a relatively common tumor and about 20% will develop distant metastases (mets) of which at least 50% will not respond to standard tx. Until recently, tx for pts with progres...
Nonconsensual Nonbinding = Nonsensical? Reconsidering Court-Connected Arbitration Programs

Policymakers have adopted programs mandating parties to submit their disputes to court connected arbitration hoping to garner efficiency benefits commonly associated with contractual Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) arbitration. Mandatory nonbinding arbitration, however, is ill-equipped for this task because it lacks the consensual core and finality of FAA arbitration. Instead, it often adds an inefficient layer to the litigation process and may harm those least able to protect themselves from coerced settlements or burdens of protracted litigation.
Entropy and the value of information for investors: The prior-free implications

Abstract The partial order of prior-independent investment dominance (Cabrales et al., 2013) strictly extends Blackwell’s order over information structures. I provide a complete characterization for the case of two states and two signals.
Optimising MPI tree-based communication for NUMA architectures

Today's computer clusters are often composed of many multi-core processors that are networked together. With this architecture communication between cores on different nodes is often on a magnitude slower than those between cores on the same node. Cores on the same processor communicate faster than cores on different processors on the same node. Most MPI implementations assume a homogeneous network. In this paper, we treat a multi-core node as a heterogeneous unit and optimise MPI scatter/gather communications by scheduling using topology information. We demonstrate that a previous heuristics for heterogeneous clusters do improve the performance, but might not produce optimal results on multi-core node for communications. Our solution modifies the fastest edge first heuristic by accounting for how many messages can be sent in parallel without impeding the bandwidth. We are able to achieve 20% to 30% performance gains over the MPI scatter/gather implementation on homogeneous, multi-core nodes.
Implications of near-term coal power plant retirement for SO2 and NOX and life cycle GHG emissions.

Regulations monitoring SO2, NOX, mercury, and other metal emissions in the U.S. will likely result in coal plant retirement in the near-term. Life cycle assessment studies have previously estimated...
Larval long‐toed salamanders incur nonconsumptive effects in the presence of nonnative trout

Montana State University; Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks; Counter Assault; Montana Institute on Ecosystems
A Dance With Mrs Chan

As a third-year medical student on an internal medical clerkship, I learned the most important lesson about how to care for patients. I saw my attending physician give attention first to the person he was treating, and then to the patient and her clinical picture. They are not the same, and our training in medical school does not always teach us this distinction. Months later I found myself with an opportunity to truly help another individual who had been clinically and emotionally overcome by his disease. My attending physician’s lesson guided me in a very meaningful way: it allowed me to remind a man that he was more than the disease he was fighting. Many times, it may be something very little that we need to do or say but to our patients, these little things end up being the biggest of them all.
Electric field autocorrelation functions for beginning multiple scattering

Polarization-resolved multiple scattering electric field autocorrelation functions for diffusing Rayleigh particles were calculated using the order of scattering approach. They are increasingly exponential, and less angle and polarization dependent as multiple scattering increases.
Utility of human amniotic membrane allograft in re-epithelialization of the nasal tip

Variations in skin thickness and contours pose significant challenges to reconstruction of the lower third of the nose. Human amniotic membrane allograft offers a potential alternative to tissue transfer in reconstruction of the lower third of the nose. We reviewed the procedure and photographs of a healthy 56-year-old male with a 22 × 18 mm lower third nasal defect involving full thickness skin and subcutaneous tissue. Following preparation for grafting, dehydrated human amniotic membrane was fashioned to the dimensions of the defect and applied. No further surgical intervention was provided for 3 months. Complete re-epithelialization of the nasal and adjacent defects was achieved with minimal scar formation. Human amniotic membrane allograft provides an efficacious and cosmetically acceptable alternative to local and regional tissue transfer.
1882 George Romanes and the Birth of Comparative Psychology

Comparing animal and human behavior can yield productive insights into the lives of all animals.
Coupling of the generalized multipole technique with the finite element method

This paper presents a coupling of two different methods for electromagnetic scattering problems, the 3D MMP (Multiple MultiPole) code, an implementation of the Generalized Multipole Technique (GMT) and the finite element (FE) method. The coupling is performed by iterative methods. The procedure is illustrated with the solution of benchmark problem for scattering from a three-dimensional lossy dielectric cylinder.
Complementary codes for odor identity and intensity in olfactory cortex

The ability to represent both stimulus identity and intensity is fundamental for perception. Using large-scale population recordings in awake mice, we find distinct coding strategies facilitate non-interfering representations of odor identity and intensity in piriform cortex. Simply knowing which neurons were activated is sufficient to accurately represent odor identity, with no additional information about identity provided by spike time or spike count. Decoding analyses indicate that cortical odor representations are not sparse. Odorant concentration had no systematic effect on spike counts, indicating that rate cannot encode intensity. Instead, odor intensity can be encoded by temporal features of the population response. We found a subpopulation of rapid, largely concentration-invariant responses was followed by another population of responses whose latencies systematically decreased at higher concentrations. Cortical inhibition transforms olfactory bulb output to sharpen these dynamics. Our data therefore reveal complementary coding strategies that can selectively represent distinct features of a stimulus.
Relative Employment, Gender Beliefs, and Intimate Partner Coercion and Violence Against New Mothers Across Marital and Residential Contexts:

This research builds on prior studies of intimate partner victimization by examining the impact of women's and men's relative employment, gender traditionalism, and gender distrust on coercive control and physical victimization among married, cohabiting, and noncohabiting couples with infants. It merges feminist approaches that emphasize the gendered meaning of work, power, and violence with prior insights regarding differences in levels of intimate violence across family forms. Specifically, this research recognizes that there is variation across married, cohabiting, and dating contexts in the symbolic meaning of work, the salience of traditionalism, and the tenuous status of relationships that may activate gender distrust in the production of compensatory violence and control. Logistic regression models using baseline and Year 1 Fragile Families and Child Well-Being data (n = 2,337) indicate that the predictors of coercive control differ across couple types, with the relative odds of coercion higher among couples in which only the woman is employed, but only when cohabiting. Consistent with expectations, men's gender traditionalism increases coercive control, but only in the context of marriage. Relative employment and gender beliefs did not predict physical victimization among any couple types, but a moderating effect of men's gender distrust on women's sole employment was identified, such that status inconsistency in employment increases the relative odds of physical victimization only when the male partner is distrustful of women.
Selective opioid growth factor receptor antagonists based on a stilbene isostere.

Abstract As part of an ongoing drug development effort aimed at selective opioid receptor ligands based on the pawhuskin natural products we have synthesized a small set of amide isosteres. These amides were centered on lead compounds which are selective antagonists for the delta and kappa opioid receptors. The amide isomers revealed here show dramatically different activity from the parent stilbene compounds. Three of the isomers synthesized showed antagonist activity for the opioid growth factor (OGF)/opioid growth factor receptor (OGFR) axis which is involved in cellular and organ growth control. This cellular signaling mechanism is targeted by “low-dose” naltrexone therapy which is being tested clinically for multiple sclerosis, Crohn’s disease, cancer, and wound healing disorders. The compounds described here are the first selective small molecule ligands for the OGF/OGFR system and will serve as important leads and probes for further study.
Consistently bolder turtles maintain higher body temperatures in the field but may experience greater predation risk

Behavioral ecologists have assumed that animals will optimize behavior to match their current situation, yet studies reveal limited behavioral flexibility and extensive variation among individuals in their response to a similar stimulus. This phenomenon is referred to as “animal personality,” and recent efforts seek to determine the implications of personality for interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment. Doing so promises to illuminate how selection is operating on behavioral traits and, consequently, how stable, among-individual variation in behavioral types is maintained evolutionarily. We examined a natural population of forest-dwelling eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina) to understand the effects of differences in levels of boldness on thermoregulatory behavior, injury history, and movement rates. Repeated behavioral trials revealed that individual turtles varied consistently and dramatically in boldness (latency to emerge from the shell or begin moving after handling and confinement). Behavioral differences were independent of phenotypic state or environmental conditions, suggesting the existence of personality in these turtles. Moreover, bolder turtles maintained higher body temperatures in the field and tended to have more damage to their shells, possibly indicative of more frequent predation attempts. Little work has been done on personality in terrestrial ectotherms, and this study enhances our understanding of this phenomenon by highlighting the potential trade-off between mortality and thermoregulation. Animals often exhibit markedly different personality traits from each other. We sought to understand how personality traits affect interactions with the environment, and thus how natural selection may be acting upon and maintaining behavioral variation. We studied this in terrestrial ectotherms, box turtles, for whom the trade-off between basking and predation risk may be a significant factor. We found that individual turtles differed consistently in boldness (time spent hiding and immobile after handling) and that bolder turtles maintained higher body temperatures but tended to have more injuries on their shells. This suggests that being bold is beneficial for thermoregulation, which may enhance growth and fecundity, but could expose turtles to greater risk of predation. Variation in the expression of boldness may, therefore, serve to maintain behavioral variation in the population.
Leveller Successors and the Climacteric of 1659–1660

The re-establishment of the Commonwealth and the Rump Parliament in May 1659 occurred in the midst of a climacteric of unsettlement that provoked an extensive national conversation about constitutional and religious issues. A body of Leveller-influenced pamphlets and petitions addressed the problem of settlement in summer 1659, adapting the Leveller heritage to new republican circumstances. However, leading generals and officers interrupted settlement discussions in October, when they dispersed the Rump, intending to introduce settlement on their own terms. Leveller successors divided in response to this unexpected turn of events. Most of them eventually coalesced against the military regime in favour of another recall of the Rump, only to be disappointed when a royalist political reaction swamped the republican cause and produced the Stuart Restoration.
Traducción y comentario sociológico de un artículo de Fred Petersen (1925-1968) sobre la novela El túnel de Ernesto Sábato

In this contribution, I offer the reader two things: in the first place, a Spanish translation of the article, “Sabato’s ‘El tunel’: More Freud than Sartre” – published by Fred Petersen in the journal “Hispania’ (May, 1967), the prestigious publication of The American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese. The aforementioned Association, which generously granted the journal RIPS the right to publish my translation, is naturally in no way responsible for any errors that I might have committed while carrying out that translation. In the second place, and on my own account, I offer the reader a very brief sociological commentary which makes use of Sabato’s novel and Petersen’s article to call attention to a possible epistemological reorientation for use in research on intimate partner violence against women. That was the true motive behind my decision to translate it
Outcrop Morphology of Overconsolidated Mud in the Beaufort Sea

Detailed studies of the Alaskan Beaufort Sea shelf using fathograms, bottom samples, sono-graphs, photographs and diving observations indicate widespread occurrence of outcrops of overconsolidated mud [Reimnitz et al., 1973; Reimnitz and Barnes, 1974]. The locations at which such outcrops had been recorded were later summarized by Reimnitz et al. [1980], and shown to extend from the shoreface to the outer shelf. Chamberlain [1978] and Chamberlain et al. [1978] thought that overconsolidation was the result of de-watering by a seasonal cycle of freeze/thaw, and divers subsequently confirmed surficially ice-bonded sediments at the onset of winter [Reimnitz et al., 1987]. Based on interpretation of borehole data, Lee and Winters [1985] speculate that overconsolidation most likely was inherited from times of shelf-surface exposure to the cold atmosphere during the last glaciation.
Reciprocal induction of cell division by cells of complementary mating types in Tetrahymena

Abstract Tetrahymena cells of complementary mating types begin their pairing reaction 3 h after they are transferred to starvation buffer and mixed together. At the same time a division wave involving most but not all cells of both mating types is seen. If cells of each mating type are starved separately, no division wave occurs, thus indicating that cells of complementary mating types are capable of an interaction that leads to a reciprocal induction of a synchronous cell division. The basis for the interaction appears not to be mediated by a released factor but instead requires the physical presence of the differing cell types. Cells are sensitized to the interaction by a 2-h starvation period, at which time a surface transformation may occur, making possible a contact-induced stimulation. At 2 h after starvation all cells are either in G1 (arrested) or in G2, indicating that it is G2 cells that respond to the interaction. Nonetheless, G1 cells are capable of inducing the division on the complementary mating type.
The Rise and Fall of CyberGold.com

This case study describes the lifecycle of CyberGold, a start-up Dot Com firm that rose to prominence in the world of online currency and micro-payments. The case describes the inception of the firm, the talent base of its senior executives, and its innovative and patented business model, known as Attention Brokerage. The case focuses on a specific decision problem faced by CyberGolds team of senior managers early in its lifecycle: how to modify the companys business model and communication with its members, in order to encourage repeat visits to its site and to provide a clearer understanding of where CyberGold credits may be spent by members.
Reproductive response of Arizona Grasshopper Sparrows to weather patterns and habitat structure

ABSTRACT Avian species endemic to desert grasslands of North America contend with significant ecological challenges, including monsoonal rains, droughts, and variable temperatures. These birds have evolved physiological and behavioral means of coping with such extremes, but ongoing changes to temperature and precipitation patterns are affecting their breeding phenology, reproductive success, and population growth rates. We examined how seasonal and daily weather conditions and habitat structure were associated with the nest survival of Arizona Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum ammolegus) in the semidesert and plains grasslands of southeastern Arizona, USA. The mean ± SE daily survival rate (DSR) of nests was 0.960 ± 0.006, corresponding to overall nest success of 46%. The previous season's precipitation, large rain events, and nest concealment were the most important factors explaining DSR. Grasshopper Sparrow nest survival decreased with a wetter previous growing season and with large rain even...
The Role of Notch in Breast Cancer

Women have a one in eight lifetime risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Notch signaling is critical for proper mammary development and homeostasis. Notch is emerging as an important targetable oncogene in breast cancer. Notch signaling promotes a number of cancer phenotypes including stem cell survival, self-renewal, and differentiation. This chapter will describe research advancements and clinical implications of Notch signaling in the context of the normal mammary gland and in breast cancer. Notch is involved in cross talk with several other signaling pathways. Estrogen receptor alpha and ErbB2 are commonly overexpressed breast oncogenes. Therapies designed to target these receptors are indicated for the majority of invasive breast cancer cases. However, breast tumors are often able to overcome these therapies, and upregulation of Notch is implicated in the development of drug resistance.
Numerical Analysis of ZnTe Based Solar Cell with Sb 2 Te 3 Back Surface Field Layer Using SCAPS-1D

This paper presents the optimization of a ZnTe based solar cell with the following structure: SnO 2 /n-ZnO/n-CdS/p-ZnTe/Sb 2 Te 3 /BC (Cu) where Sb 2 Te 3 has been inserted as a back surface field layer to reduce the minority carrier recombination at the back contact. An efficiency of 18.33% (V oc = 0.47V, J sc = 57.75 mA/cm2, FF = 67%) has been achieved using the SCAPS-1D simulator with thin absorber layer(ZnTe) of 0.1μm. The thickness of the window layer (ZnO), absorber layer (ZnTe) and buffer layer (CdS) have been also optimized and the result will be presented in the paper.
Turkish Nationalism and the Incorporation of Migrants and Minorities into the Turkish State: a Study in the Civic and Ethnic Contours of Turkish Nationalism

This article uses the integration of immigrants and minorities into Turkey as a lever to investigate the boundaries of Turkish nationalism. Turkish nationalism is often treated as an ethnic nationalism, and that’s indeed how it was thought of by many of its Ottoman founders. However, the legal system is constructed in a largely civic way, such that ethnic heritage—in theory—does not matter for citizenship. Immigrants and domestic minorities provide a useful lens to look at who is included within the category of “Turk”. This article uses the integration of immigrants and minorities into Turkey as a lever to investigate the boundaries of Turkish nationalism. Turkish nationalism is often treated as an ethnic nationalism, and that’s indeed how it was thought of by many of its Ottoman founders. However, the legal system is constructed in a largely civic way, such that ethnic heritage—in theory—does not matter for citizenship. Immigrants and domestic minorities provide a useful lens to look at who is included within the category of “Turk”.
Pharmacologic management of chronic heart failure

Heart failure (HF) is a complex progressive clinical syndrome that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Although several pharmacologic therapy have become available for treatment of certain HF phenotypes, HF still is characterized by recurrent hospitalizations and need for advanced therapy resulting in huge economic burden. The optimal management of HF includes modifying risk factors, identifying and treating reversible causes, address socioeconomic barriers to care and instituting appropriate pharmacologic and device treatments. In this brief review, we summarize the pharmacologic treatment of chronic heart failure and highlight a few major landmark trials that provide the basis for specific therapy in clinical practice.
Shorebird subsistence harvest and indigenous knowledge in Alaska: Informing harvest management and engaging users in shorebird conservation

Limited data on harvest and population parameters are impediments to assessing shorebird harvest sustainability. Because of sharp declines in shorebird populations, timely conservation efforts require approaches that account for uncertainty in harvest sustainability. We combined harvest assessment and ethnographic research to better understand shorebird conservation concerns related to subsistence harvest in Alaska and to support culturally sensible conservation actions. Our objectives were to (1) estimate the Alaska-wide shorebird subsistence harvest and (2) document shorebird indigenous knowledge on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. Harvest estimates were based on surveys conducted in 1990–2015 (n = 775 community-years). Key respondent interviews conducted in 2017 (n = 72) documented shorebird ethnotaxonomy and ethnography. The Alaska-wide shorebird harvest was 2,783 birds per year, including 1,115 godwits per year—mostly Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica baueri), whose population has low harvest potential. The egg harvest was 4,678 eggs per year, mostly small shorebird eggs. We documented 24 Yup'ik shorebird names and 10 main ethnotaxonomic categories. Children learning harvesting skills focused on small birds and adults also occasionally harvested shorebirds, but shorebirds were not primary food or cultural resources. Older generations associated shorebirds with a time when people were closer to nature and their cultural roots. Shorebirds connected people with the environment as well as with Yup'ik traditions and language. Our results can inform improvements to harvest assessment and management, as well as outreach and communication efforts to engage subsistence users in shorebird conservation.
Optical Constants and Effective-Medium Origins of Large Optical Anisotropies in Layered Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Perovskites.

Hybrid organic/inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are of great interest for optoelectronic applications due to their quality electronic and optical properties and the exceptional ease of room-temperatur...
Measuring the Past to Guide the Future: Takeaways from a Retrospective Disciplinary Analysis on Print Books and Ebooks

This study investigates the relationship between librarians’ purchases and the actual preferences of library patrons based on usage. Using ten years of purchase history, we reviewed how print and e...
Career and Technical Education Experiences Relationship to Technology Attitudes, Self-regulation and Grit

Career and Technical Education (CTE) secondary school experiences have a positive impact on career development and academic achievement. This study explores other positive impacts such as technology attitudes, persistence, and cognitive traits that are associated with career and academic success. This study investigated the relationships between high school CTE experiences of 103 pre-service education students and technology attitudes, grit, and self-regulated learning. The results demonstrate a statistically significant positive correlation between the number of CTE courses taken in high school and technology dependence. Similarly, there is a positive correlation between CTE courses and self-regulatory skills. Grit was positively correlated with internship experiences in high school.