cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
National Monumentalization and the Politics of Scale: The Resurrections of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow

This paper analyzes the link between the changing geographical scale of dominant ideologies in Russian society and the architectural scales of different versions of the preeminent national monument, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. The history of this process of national monumentalization in Russia is profiled by focusing on mutual influences between processes at these two scales, and the interplay between the state, society, and the Russian Orthodox Church. Within the context of the new Cathedral, ongoing but nevertheless underestimated pre-Soviet and post-Soviet antireligious practices are revealed through an analysis of the politics of scale that shaped the monumentos meanings at different historical periods. Thus, the paper also attempts to contribute to the understanding of the importance of scale in politicogeographical studies.
Genetics of Ia-like alloantigens in chickens and linkage with B major histocompatibility complex.

Two sets of backcross matings were performed to test for linkage between genes coding for the Ia-like antigens (“Ia”) and the B erythrocyte antigens (Ea-B) of the chicken. Evidence is presented which indicates that the “la” antigens are determined by a single codominant locus and that theEa-B and “Ia” loci are on the same chromosome. Failure to detect a single recombinant between theEa-B and “Ia” loci out of 208 progeny suggests close linkage of the two genes with a map distance of up to about 2 centimorgans. The “Ia” genes are thus included in theB major histocompatibility complex of the chicken.
The effects of chronic ethanol exposure on N-methyl-D-aspartate-stimulated overflow of [3H]catecholamines from rat brain.

The effects of acute and chronic ethanol administration on N-methyl-d-aspartate-stimulated catecholamine overflow were examined. Three groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The first group received a chronic liquid diet containing ethanol (37%) for 3 weeks. The second group was pair-fed a liquid diet with dextrin substituted for ethanol isocalorically. The third group received Purina rat lab chow and water ad libitum. N-methyl-d-aspartate-stimulated [3H]catecholamine overflow from brain tissue slices was determined. N-methyl-d-aspartate (50–2000 μM) produced a concentration-dependent increase in [3H]norepinephrine overflow from cortical and hippocampal slices with no significant alteration of the response following chronic ethanol treatment. [3H]Dopamine overflow from striatal slices of the chronic ethanol group was significantly different at 1000 μM N-methyl-d-aspartate. The response of the chronic ethanol-treated group at the 1000 μM N-methyl-d-aspartate concentration was 30% and 40% lower than the pair-fed and ad libitum controls, respectively. Ethanol when added in vitro (30–200 mM) produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartate (150 μM) stimulated efflux in all brain regions, and chronic ethanol treatment did not alter the inhibitory response. These results indicate an apparant lack of adaptation in N-methyl-d-aspartate-stimulated transmitter release following chronic ethanol treatment in this particular paradigm.
An annotated bibliography of verbal behavior articles published outside of The Analysis of Verbal Behavior: 2016.

An annotated bibliography is provided that summarizes journal articles on verbal behavior published outside of The Analysis of Verbal Behavior in 2015, the primary journal for scholarship in this area. Thirty such articles were identified and annotated as a resource for practitioners, researchers, and educators.
Lysis from without of S. aureus K1 by the combined action of phage and virolysin.

Lysis from without (LFW) occurs in two steps: (1) sensitization of cells by phage, which renders the cells susceptible to (2) destruction of an essential cell structure by an extracellular lytic enzyme. Virolysin, from phage-infected cells, was used in these studies. Normal cell autolysin is also effective. Evidence is presented that: 1. Neither phage nor lysin alone causes LFW. 2. Sensitization requires phage adsorption. 3. It can be caused by non-infectious particles. This establishes a new biological activity of the particle. 4. Heat, U.V., detergents, penicillin, and other damaging agents also sensitize cells. 5. Sensitization involves a non-lethal, reversible reaction. 6. Sensitization by phage prevents virus synthesis. Following adsorption, a cell can undergo sensitization or infection but not simultaneously. When only a few particles are adsorbed, infection can occur; when sufficient particles are adsorbed, sensitization takes place. 7. Quantitative aspects of LFW are described. Lysis proceeds logarithmically. The lysis end-point depends upon the phage concentration but is independent of the enzyme concentration.
Directional transcutaneous assessment of venous inflow

Abstract Venous inflow was monitored in the axillary vein of 70 individuals with the use of a transcutaneous bidirectional ultrasonic flow detector. Thirty normal individuals had biphasic inflow curves during each cardiac cycle. An initial peak occurred in midsystole, the second in middiastole. Flow reversals occurred coincident with the “a” and “v” waves of venous pressure. Eleven patients with atrial fibrillation or premature ventricular contractions had no regularly occurring flow reversal or a systolic inflow peak in their axillary vein recordings. Three patients with atrioventricular dissociation had a flow reversal and an in-flow peak following each dissociated P wave, regardless of this wave's position in the cardiac cycle. These results, obtained by utilizing a simple transcutaneous technique, indicate that the atrium is primarily responsible for phasic changes in venous return in man.
Rapid Cooling Reveals the Closing Rate of TRPM8 to be Temperature-Dependent

Thermal TRP channels are directly activated by ambient temperature changes and thus play important functions in thermosensation and pain. TRPM8, in particular, is sensitive to innocuous cold (<22°C) as well as chemicals that can produce cool sensation (e.g. menthol). Previous studies on cold sensitivity of the channel have been almost exclusively based on steady-state measurements. Single-channel recordings elucidate equilibrium gating kinetics showing that temperature has a most prominent effect on a type of long closures that separate opening bursts. However, they do not distinguish whether temperature drives channel opening or closing. To resolve such issues we have developed a rapid cooling apparatus and applied it in combination with rapid laser heating to time-resolve the activation and deactivation of TRPM8. Our data reveal that temperature mainly drives the deactivation rate of the channel, which has Q10∼10, while the activation rate has typical temperature dependence (Q10∼2-3). That is, cooling mainly increases the open probability of the channel by slowing down channel closing. Thus the cold-sensitive channels work in an opposite way to the heat-sensitive channels in which temperature drives the opening rate while the closing rate is insensitive to temperature. But similar to heat activation of TRPV1, the temperature dependence of cold activation of TRPM8 is also strongly dependent on membrane potentials. At hyperpolarization (−60 mV) the deactivation involves an enthalpy change of ∼40 kcal/mol, while at depolarization (+60 mV) the enthalpy is decreased to ∼20 kcal/mol. The reduction of enthalpy reaches ∼20 kcal/mol, which far exceeds the electrical energy due to charge movement (<2 kcal/mol for z∼0.8), suggesting that the mechanisms of voltage- and temperature-sensing of the channel are coupled.
Differentiating Phytophthora ramorum and P. kernoviae from Other Species Isolated from Foliage of Rhododendrons

Phytophthora species are among plant pathogens that are the most threatening to agriculture. After the discovery of P. ramorum, surveys have identified new species and new reports on rhododendrons. Based upon propagule production, morphology, and colony growth, a dichotomous key was produced that can differentiate P. ramorum and P. kernoviae from other species known to be pathogenic to aerial plant parts of rhododendrons. These distinctions were made without molecular tools and wide-ranging variables such as propagule sizes and can be made without the need for a large culture collection.
Genetic polymorphisms of the RAS-cytokine pathway and chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is irreversible. It is associated with renal failure progression and atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) abnormalities. Nearly 60% of children with CKD are affected since birth with congenital or inherited kidney disorders. Preliminary evidence primarily from adult CKD studies indicates common genetic risk factors for CKD and atherosclerotic CV disease. Although multiple physiologic pathways share common genes for CKD and CV disease, substantial evidence supports our attention to the renin angiotensin system (RAS) and the interlinked inflammatory cascade because they modulate the progressions of renal and CV disease. Gene polymorphisms in the RAS-cytokine pathway, through altered gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, are potential factors that modulate the rate of CKD progression and CV abnormalities in patients with CKD. For studying such hypotheses, the cooperative efforts among scientific groups and the availability of robust and affordable technologies to genotype thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome make genome-wide association studies an attractive paradigm for studying polygenic diseases such as CKD. Although attractive, such studies should be interpreted carefully, with a fundamental understanding of their potential weaknesses. Nevertheless, whole-genome association studies for diabetic nephropathy and future studies pertaining to other types of CKD will offer further insight for the development of targeted interventions to treat CKD and associated atherosclerotic CV abnormalities in the pediatric CKD population.
What Communication Abilities Do Practitioners Need? Evidence from MBA Students

We collected written critical incidents from young business practitioners entering our MBA program, asking each person to describe a work-related communication episode that had challenged him or he...
A balancing method for reduced order modelling of unstable systems

Moore's balancing method of model reduction has many attractive properties and is used widely in practice. However, this method suffers from the drawback that it is not applicable for unstable systems. This paper introduces a balancing method of model reduction to overcome this problem. The proposed technique obtains the reduced order model by balancing and truncating frequency domain controllability and observability Gramians. Analytical treatment is given for associated properties of the Gramians, and the balancing and truncation steps of model reduction. A numerical example is used to demonstrate the new approach.
Histotripsy methods in mechanical disintegration of tissue: Towards clinical applications

In high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy, an ultrasound beam is focused within the body to locally affect the targeted site without damaging intervening tissues. The most common HIFU regime is thermal ablation. Recently there has been increasing interest in generating purely mechanical lesions in tissue (histotripsy). This paper provides an overview of several studies on the development of histotripsy methods toward clinical applications. Two histotripsy approaches and examples of their applications are presented. In one approach, sequences of high-amplitude, short (microsecond-long), focused ultrasound pulses periodically produce dense, energetic bubble clouds that mechanically disintegrate tissue. In an alternative approach, longer (millisecond-long) pulses with shock fronts generate boiling bubbles and the interaction of shock fronts with the resulting vapour cavity causes tissue disintegration. Recent preclinical studies on histotripsy are reviewed for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), liver and kidney tumours, kidney stone fragmentation, enhancing anti-tumour immune response, and tissue decellularisation for regenerative medicine applications. Potential clinical advantages of the histotripsy methods are discussed. Histotripsy methods can be used to mechanically ablate a wide variety of tissues, whilst selectivity sparing structures such as large vessels. Both ultrasound and MR imaging can be used for targeting and monitoring the treatment in real time. Although the two approaches utilise different mechanisms for tissue disintegration, both have many of the same advantages and offer a promising alternative method of non-invasive surgery.
Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in ovarian physiology and pathology.

Abstract Objective: To review the current literature on the role of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF) in ovarian physiology and pathology. Design: A computerized search was conducted to identify relevant in vitro and in vivo studies published in English. MEDLINE, Current Contents, and the Index Medicus were searched for studies published before January 2000. Result(s): VEGF/VPF is an angiogenic factor and a potent mitogen for vascular endothelium. During reproductive life, VEGF/VPF plays a role in the cyclic growth of ovarian follicles and corpus luteum development and maintenance, mediating ovarian angiogenesis. VEGF/VPF expression and secretion are induced by both FSH and LH/hCG receptor-activated pathways. Conclusion(s): VEGF/VPF expression and production within the ovary are critical for normal reproductive function. Defects in angiogenesis may contribute to a variety of disorders including anovulation and infertility, pregnancy loss, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, and ovarian neoplasms.
Crystal structure of the adenylyl cyclase activator Gsalpha

The crystal structure of Gsalpha, the heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunit that stimulates adenylyl cyclase, was determined at 2.5 A in a complex with guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPgammaS). Gsalpha is the prototypic member of a family of GTP-binding proteins that regulate the activities of effectors in a hormone-dependent manner. Comparison of the structure of Gsalpha.GTPgammaS with that of Gialpha.GTPgammaS suggests that their effector specificity is primarily dictated by the shape of the binding surface formed by the switch II helix and the alpha3-beta5 loop, despite the high sequence homology of these elements. In contrast, sequence divergence explains the inability of regulators of G protein signaling to stimulate the GTPase activity of Gsalpha. The betagamma binding surface of Gsalpha is largely conserved in sequence and structure to that of Gialpha, whereas differences in the surface formed by the carboxyl-terminal helix and the alpha4-beta6 loop may mediate receptor specificity.
Energy and bond strength development during ultrasonic consolidation

Abstract A process model was developed that couples the effects of the three adjustable ultrasonic consolidation (UC) process parameters (amplitude, force and speed) into a single term – thermal weld energy due to frictional and volumetric heat generation. Infrared thermography was used to evaluate weld energy during UC and a relationship was established between weld energy and the peel strength of ultrasonically consolidated aluminum. An optimum processing widow was identified for bonding Al 1100-0 and Al 3003-H14 based on UC processing temperature and weld time. Bonding occurred well below the material melting temperatures, confirming that thermal softening in the bulk of the material or melting are not the bonding mechanisms and that bonding takes place in the solid-state.
Divalent cation-dependent regulation of rat alveolar epithelial cell adhesion and spreading

Abstract Interactions between cells and extracellular matrix are in large part mediated by integrins in divalent cation-dependent processes. Integrins are important for cell differentiation, proliferation, and migration during development and repair of diverse tissue types. The roles played by integrin adhesion receptors in the lung are just beginning to be investigated. It is plausible that integrins play a central role in mediating lung basement membrane influences on alveolar epithelial type II cell localization and differentiation. The current studies were carried out to determine the patterns of alveolar epithelial cell adherence and spreading on different substrata and their divalent cation and RGD requirements. We utilized a rat type II cell-derived cell line, LM5, and a human alveolar cell carcinoma cell line A549. Both cell types showed similar responses to divalent cations. Adhesion and spreading on different extracellular matrix components had different divalent cation requirements. Mn2+ enhanced adhesion and spreading on fibronectin (FN), type IV collagen and laminin, but not on type I collagen or plastic. Mn2+ enhanced cell adhesion to FN was RGD-dependent and partially inhibited by an anti-α5 integrin antibody. Small increases in Ca2+concentration (0.1-0.5 mM), but not Mg2+, suppressed Mn2+-mediated adhesion and spreading. Thus, variations in the relative divalent cation concentrations in the vicinity of the integrin-ligand complex may modulate the receptor-acceptor interactions. These results support the view that alterations in extracellular divalent cations are important regulators of alveolar epithelial cell interactions with lung basement membrane.
Passive compensation for high performance inter-chip communication

This paper develops a novel high-speed inter-chip serial signaling scheme with leakage shunt resistors and termination resistors between the signal trace and the ground. For given abstract topology transmission line based on the data for IBM high-end AS/400 system[1] [2], we put termination resistors at the end of receiver and adjust the shunt and termination resistors value to get the optimal distortion-less transmission line. Analytical formulas are derived to predict the worst case jitter and eye-opening based on bitonic step Response Assumption[3]. Our schemes and the other two comparison cases are discussed.
Evaluation of intact gloves and boots for chemical permeation

A method has been developed for evaluating intact gloves and boots for chemical permeation. The method is useful for evaluating the effect of seam integrity and material imperfections on the permeation rate. The results of the intact glove and boot tests with 1,4-Dichloro-2-butene are compared with a patch test permeation method using the same materials.
Phorbol ester modulation of integrin-mediated cell adhesion: A postreceptor event

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) suspension culture cells adhere readily to substrata coated with extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin, vitronectin, or laminin. In the case of fibronectin, it is known that adhesion is mediated by an integrin-type, cell surface fibronectin receptor (FnR). We demonstrate here that treatment of CHO cells with submicromolar concentrations of phorbol ester produces a remarkable increase in the ability of these cells to adhere to fibronectin. Both the rate of adhesion and the efficiency of adhesion are enhanced about four- to fivefold. Further, phorbol ester treatment renders the fibronectin-mediated adhesion process less sensitive to inhibitors, including GRGDSP peptide and PB1, a monoclonal anti-FnR antibody. By contrast, nonspecific adhesion processes, for example cell attachment to substrata coated with polylysine or concanavalin A, are not affected by phorbol ester treatment. Thus integrin-mediated adhesion is modulated by phorbol esters, but nonspecific adhesion is not. Neither the number of cell surface FnRs nor the receptor affinity, as measured by 125I-fibronectin and 125I-anti-FnR antibody binding, is altered by phorbol ester treatment. Thus, the effect of phorbol ester on cell adhesion seems to occur at a step subsequent to initial ligand-receptor binding events. Since phorbol ester is a potent activator of protein kinase C, we examined phosphorylation patterns in control and phorbol-treated cells. In immunoprecipitates of lysates from suspension culture cells, there was no evidence of phorbol ester-stimulated phosphorylation of FnR or of talin, a protein thought to interact with FnR. These results suggest that phorbol ester effects on fibronectin-dependent adhesion are not due to phosphorylation of the FnR itself but rather may be due to postreceptor events, possibly the phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins involved in integrin-mediated adhesion.
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Cognitive Status: The Delicate Balance Among People Living with HIV, with and without Alcohol Abuse

Introduction: The advent of combination antiretroviral therapy(cART) has lead to a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV(PLWH). However, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) still remain a significant problem. One possible mechanism for the persistence of these disorders is through the effect of HIV on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF is influenced by various factors including hazardous alcohol use (HAU), which is prevalent among PLWH. This study attempts to elucidate the relationships between HAU, BDNF and HAND. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on a sample of 199 hazardous alcohol users and 198 non-HAU living with HIV. Members of each group were matched according to sociodemographic characteristics and CD4 count. Research procedures included validated questionnaires, neuropsychological assessments and a blood sample to obtain BDNF and immune measurements. Results: Hazardous alcohol users showed either significantly lower or significantly higher BDNF levels compared to the Non-hazardous (OR=1,4; 95% CI: 1-2.1, p = 0.003). Therefore, for additional analyses, subjects were categorized based on BDNF values in: Group 1 8,000 pg/mL. Groups 1 and 3 performed significantly worse than those in Group 2 in the domains of processing speed, auditory-verbal and visuospatial learning and memory. Multivariate analyses confirmed that HAU and BDNF are significant contributors of HAND. Conclusion: Our findings offer novel insights into the relationships between BDNF, and alcohol use among PLWH. Our results also lend support to expanding clinical movement to use BDNF as an intervention target for PLWH, in those with evidence of deficiencies, and highlight the importance of including HAUat the inception of clinical trials.
Emotion regulation strategies in offspring of childhood-onset depressed mothers

Background: This study examines emotion regulation strategies used by children of mothers with childhood-onset depression (COD) and children of never-depressed mothers (NCOD). Methods: Participants were49CODoffspring(ages4–7)and37NCODoffspring(ages4–7)andtheirmothers.Emotionregulation strategies were assessed observationally during a laboratory mood induction paradigm. Results: COD offspring were more likely to focus on the delay object or task than NCOD offspring. Daughters of COD mothers were also more likely to wait passively and less likely to engage in active distraction than daughters of NCOD mothers. These findings were replicated using number of maternal depressive episodes. Conclusions: COD offspring, especially daughters, exhibit a more passive style of regulating emotion that may place them at risk for developing psychopathology. Keywords: Maternal depression, emotion regulation, gender differences, parenting, childhood-onset depression. Abbreviations: COD: childhood-onset depression; ER: emotion regulation. Offspring of depressed parents are at heightened risk for depression and other psychiatric and behavioral problems. Meta-analytic findings suggest that 61% of children of affectively ill parents will develop one or more psychiatric disorders during childhood or adolescence (Beardslee, Versage, & Gladstone, 1998). Despite overwhelming evidence for the existence of this risk, little is known about its underlying mechanisms. Within the past decade, researchers have identified several potential risk mechanisms including genetic transmission; dysfunctional neuroregulatory systems; exposure to negative maternal cognitions, behaviors, and affect; and exposure to stressful life events (Goodman & Gotlib, 1999). Each of these potential mechanisms alters the affective climate of the family and the child’s emotional resources and demands. We argue that parental depression may influence child adjustment by disrupting the child’s development of emotion regulatory (ER) competence.
Factors Affecting Egg Hatch, Development, and Survival of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Reared on an Artificial Feeding System

Abstract Improvements in the way Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring is managed have led to reduced whitefly populations in the southwest United States. However, the potential of the silverleaf whitefly to develop new biotypes, as well as its apparently increasing role in virus transmission, makes it a persistent threat in many parts of the world. Characteristics such as biotype formation and vector competency are at least partially explained by the host range of B. argentifolii. Consequently, a better understanding of the factors that play a role in the host acceptance process and subsequent development of this pest could lead to novel control strategies. Here we used a newly developed artificial feeding system that consists of a polycarbonate chamber, equipped with a Teflon membrane, and filled with a sterilized artificial diet, to determine how biotic and abiotic factors influenced egg hatch, crawler establishment, and development of B. argentifolii. Egg age significantly influenced hatch rates, and...
Software integration of pre-existing manufacturing design systems

This paper examines some of the issues of integrating pre-existing software components. The primary focus is maintaining consistency between the data stored by each component application. An approach is proposed which supports a unified view of the data stored by the individual component applications. >
Impulsivity and Reasons for Living Among African American Youth: A Risk-Protection Framework of Suicidal Ideation

This study aims to explore the impact of specific facets of impulsivity as measured by the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS), as well as reasons for living in predicting suicidal ideation among African American college-aged students. The incremental validity of each facet of the UPPS interacting with reasons for living, a construct meant to buffer against risk for suicide, was explored in a sample of African American students (N = 130; ages 18–24). Results revealed significant interactions between reasons for living and two factors of impulsivity, (lack of) premeditation and sensation seeking. Higher levels of sensation seeking and lack of premeditation in conjunction with lower reasons for living was associated with increased suicidal ideation. Neither urgency nor (lack of) perseverance significantly interacted with reasons for living in association with suicidal ideation. These results suggest including elements of impulsivity, specifically sensation seeking and (lack of) premeditation, when screening for suicidal ideation among African American youth. Future investigations should continue to integrate factors of both risk and protection when determining risk for suicide.
ISCAS2001 tutorial/short course & special session on high speed devices & modelling

This tutorial presents an introduction to large-signal models for high-speed devices. It analyses nonlinear charge and capacitance models and introduces black-box behavioral modeling.
External Radiant Flux and Oxygen Concentration as Conditions for Concurrent Flame Spread in Fabrics

Flammability testing of fabrics is often conducted without the use of an external radiant source. In a fire a fabric may be subject to an external radiant source in the form of an adjacent fire. In this work the focus is to study changes in concurrent flame spread behavior of four di↵erent fabrics as the oxygen concentration and external radiant flux are varied. Di↵erent fabric compositions are examined to evaluate the e↵ect of fabric composition and flammability. Results show that for all fabrics there is a critical minimum oxygen concentration at or above which flame spread occurs without the need of an external radiant flux. Below this critical oxygen concentration, flame spread may occur only if there is an external radiant flux that will enhance the heat transfer process from the flame to the fabric. Based on the conducted experiments it is possible to develop flame spread boundaries for fabrics in terms of oxygen concentration and minimum radiant flux for flame spread. Such boundaries are beneficial because they allow to understand the e↵ects of oxygen concentration and external radiant flux in the flammability of fabrics.
The GOALS Model: Rural Teacher Preparation Institutions Meeting the Ideals of a PDS Through Educational Technology

A primary goal of teacher preparation units is to develop skills that the teacher candidate can successfully apply as a novice teacher. As such, teacher preparation units have implemented a variety of teaching models to prepare quality PK-12 educators including professional development schools (PDS). PDSs have become a central focus in systemic reform in many United States postsecondary institutions (Clark, 1999; Levine, 1997; Love, Emerson, Shaw, & Leigh, 1996).
Impedance mapping of myocardial tissue during ischemia

An impedance measurement system was developed for measuring myocardial tissue impedance (MTI) during ischemia in sheep and epicardial mapping system was developed that used a four electrode method with cardiac cycle gated and signal averaged measurements. After 60 minutes of ischemia, MTI increased by an average of 200% compared to non-ischemic tissue. A myocardial tissue model was developed which suggests that changes in MTI are primarily due to changes in cellular volume fraction. >
Cardiovascular reactivity during social and nonsocial stressors: do children's personal goals and expressive skills matter?

The relationships between social competence and cardiovascular reactivity were evaluated in 180 children (ages 8 –17; 52% female; 53% Caucasian). Participants performed a social task (Social Competence Interview [SCI]) and 2 nonsocial tasks while reactivity measures were obtained. Social competence was coded from SCI audiotapes. Among adolescents, higher scores on the Acceptance– Affiliation subscale were associated with increased heart rate (HR) and blood pressures and with decreased HR variability during the SCI. Among boys, greater Acceptance–Affiliation scores were associated with increased vascular reactivity during the SCI. During the nonsocial tasks, higher SelfDefensiveness and Expressiveness scores were associated with increased cardiac output and stroke volume among African American children. Personal strivings and expressive skills do matter for understanding cardiovascular responses in children.
Kinetic analysis of glycine receptor currents in ventral cochlear nucleus.

Harty, T. Patrick and Paul B. Manis. Kinetic analysis of glycine receptor currents in ventral cochlear nucleus. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1891–1901, 1998. Glycine plays an important role as an inhibitor...
Inorganic–organic hybrid coatings: common and new approaches

Development of inorganic–organic hybrid coatings has been fruitful for introducing lots of advantages in performance of coatings, compared to homogenous organic polymer coatings or non-hybrid filled polymer coatings. Considering the benefits of hybrid coatings, the range of different structures and compositions applied in such coatings continuously increases. The current review demonstrates general features of inorganic–organic hybrid coatings, some recent developments in this field, types of hybrid coatings implementing different structures, a brief summary of general characterization techniques and selected applications.
ATPS-11DEXAMETHASONE INDUCES A MESENCHYMAL SHIFT IN GLIOBLASTOMA STEM CELLS

Dexamethasone is routinely administered to manage cerebral edema in glioblastoma (GBM). Its impact on molecular mechanisms driving GBM invasion is unknown. Utilizing radiogenomic strategies, we previously introduced Periostin as key mediator of GBM associated edema and cellular invasion. We observed that multiple molecular targets of Dexamethasone are significantly upregulated and overlap with Periostin correlated genes, including CEBPB. We hypothesized that Dexamethasone, by regulating Periostin correlated genes, promotes a mesenchymal program of tumor cells including Glioblastoma Stem Cells (GSCs). A panel of GSCs were profiled for Periostin correlated genes after Dexamethasone treatment, using microarray, qPCR and Western blotting. Tests for self-renewal (limiting dilution assay), differentiation (neural lineage marker analysis), invasion (Boyden chamber) and proliferation (BrdU) were performed after Dexamethasone exposure. Three independent GSC lines were used to generate orthotopic tumors and mice were then treated with Dexamethasone (intraperitoneal). Differentially expressed genes in GSC derived tumors (total RNA from cells of human origin were isolated using human specific Anti- HLA Class I ABC antibody by FACS) upon Dexamethasone exposure were evaluated with connectivity map (cmap) to screen for specific therapeutics. Cells treated with Dexamethasone showed an increased CEBPB expression, indicating a more aggressive mesenchymal gene signature. Histopathologic validation of orthotopic tumors supported this effect of Dexamethasone. Treatment with specific, FDA approved therapeutics in combination with Dexamethasone suppressed Periostin correlated gene levels and subsequently reduced this mesenchymal shift. In this preclinical study we showed that Dexamethasone promotes a molecular mesenchymal shift by elevating CEBPB expression levels in both, in vitro and in vivo. These results warrant an evaluation of Dexamethasone for managing edema in glioblastoma patients. Neutralizing side effects of Dexamethasone by adding our shortlisted drugs may improve GBM patient care.
The Relationships of Four Species of New Zealand Passerine Birds

(1987). The Relationships of Four Species of New Zealand Passerine Birds. Emu - Austral Ornithology: Vol. 87, No. 1, pp. 63-66.
Triptans do not Increase Risk of Stroke in Migraine

The incidence of stroke, cardiovascular events, and death among 63,575 patients with migraine was compared in those prescribed a triptan (13,664, 21.5%), non-triptan-treated, and matched nonmigraine control subjects (77,239) identified from the General Practice Research Database by researchers at the Institute of Neurology, University College, London, UK, and Pfizer Inc, New York, NY.
Leadership Power in Congress, 1890-2014: Evidence from PAC Contributions and Newspaper Coverage

For decades, scholars have studied the relative power of parties and committees in the U.S. Congress. An influential theory, Conditional Party Government (CPG), hypothesizes that as intra-party preferences converge and inter-party preferences diverge, rank-and-file members and committees transfer power to party leaders. Most previous tests of CPG and other theories of party power rely on roll call votes to measure both the distribution of preferences within the chamber and the relative power of party leaders. We propose an alternative that assesses shifts of power within Congress by using PAC contributions and newspaper coverage. Since PACs are sophisticated donors who target their contributions to gain access and influence in Congress, following the money allows us to construct a measure of relative power. During the period 1978-2014, we find that party leaders receive an increasing share of the donations over time at the expense of committee leaders and rank-and-file. The share of PAC donations to party leaders closely tracks standard measures of CPG. Another measure of power, based on newspaper coverage, produces similar patterns for an even longer period, from 1890-2014. Overall, our results provide strong support for the CPG theory.
Differences in photoaffinity labeling of DA1 receptors in renal proximal tubules from normotensive rat and SHR

Renal DA1 dopamine receptors in proximal tubule membranes of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were characterized with the novel D1 dopamine receptor-selective photoaffinity probe, (+/-)-7-[125I]iodo-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-(4-azidophenyl)-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine ([125I]MAB). Under nonphotolyzing conditions, saturation studies showed that [125I]MAB bound with similar affinity to DA1 dopamine receptors in both WKY [dissociation constant (Kd) = 16.3 nM] and SHR (Kd = 19.5 nM). At photolysis, [125I]MAB was irreversibly incorporated into a single major protein of 74,000 Da in both WKY and SHR. DA1-selective antagonists blocked photolabeling of DA1 sites with similar efficiency and specificity in SHR and WKY. However, under identical assay conditions, dopaminergic agonists were unable to block photoincorporation of [125I]MAB in SHR but not in WKY. This pattern of labeling of DA1 sites by [125I]MAB may suggest the presence of defective agonist, but not antagonist, binding domains on the receptor in SHR but not in WKY rats.
Microbiology Education Expands Scope and Assumes New Title to Reflect Changes

Microbiology Education (ME), in its seventh year of publication, will build on its preeminent reputation to become the leading biology education journal. ME, published in MicrobeLibrary.org, showcases scholarly articles by educators researching student learning in the microbiological sciences. The Editorial Board of the journal Microbiology Education and the ASM Committee on Undergraduate Education take this opportunity to point out a few changes in store for the journal.
Caring for families of pediatric transplant recipients: psychosocial implications.

Quality of life is improved following pediatric organ transplantation, but potential problems in psychosocial adaption exist for these children and their families. Family stresses are related to the uncertainty of the child’s future health and well-being, role strain, social isolation, and financial burdens. Pediatric transplant recipients may have difficulties with psychosocial adjustment, especially related to dissatisfaction with the cosmetic side effects of immunosuppressive therapy and a lack of socialization skills or social competence. Recommendations are provided to assist health care professionals in enhancing family resources and coping skills and in promoting psychosocial adaptation of these children and adolescents.
Import Decision Making: What Factors Influence U.S. Import Managers?

International marketing is viewed by many as a subject of serving the interest of exporters and as a tool of overseas sales. Equally important is the importing side of the international marketing equation. This paper explores the purchasing behavior of U.S. import managers by identifying major determinants of their import decisions.
Introduction to the Freshwater Algae

Abstract This chapter briefly introduces the diverse morphologies of freshwater algae, explaining seven basic types, which range from unicells to colonies (which may or may not be flagellated), pseudofilaments to true filaments (with or without branching), pseudoparenchymatous forms to true tissues, and coenocytic structures. Photographs of each type of morphology are provided. The chapter then provides a key to the taxonomic chapters in the book with an accompanying table of distinguishing features. The groups of freshwater algae are briefly described based on the taxonomic organization of the book.
Albert Ellis at 85: Personal Reflections

Coinciding with his 85th birthday, Michael Bernard interviewed Albert Ellis focusing on more personal than professional issues. Topics addressed in the interview include: a) morning mood, b) management of physical ailments, c) spirituality, d) recent pleasant moments, e) mentors, and f) regrets.
Energy and Society

The major societal effects of energy systems developed by man can be related to four predominant technical sectors. The sectors include the use of work animals, the direct conversion into mechanical work of inanimate stored solar energy, the use of electricity as an energy form derived from these sources, and the use of nuclear energy as a primary source. The past and potential impacts of these developments are so many that only a few principal aspects can be explored. The chapter describes the relationships of energy flow to the societal materialistic targets of health, security, social stability, upward mobility, and leisure. The traditional target of economic growth may be one of the best composite means of achieving all of these materialistic goals, and this explains its frequent and popular use as a measure of societal success.
GLIMPSE: Continuous, Real-Time Object Recognition on Mobile Devices

Excerpted from "Glimpse: Continuous, Real-Time Object Recognition on Mobile Devices" from Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems with permission. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2809695.2809711 © ACM 2015.Glimpse is a continuous, real-time object recognition system for camera-equipped mobile devices. Glimpse captures full-motion video, locates objects of interest, recognizes and labels them, and tracks them from frame to frame for the user. Because the algorithms for object recognition entail significant computation, Glimpse runs them on server machines. When the latency between the server and mobile device is higher than a frame-time, this approach lowers object recognition accuracy. To regain accuracy, Glimpse uses an active cache of video frames on the mobile device. A subset of the frames in the active cache are used to track objects on the mobile, using (stale) hints about objects that arrive from the server from time to time. To reduce network bandwidth usage, Glimpse computes trigger frames to send to the server for recognizing.
Thrombopoietin (TPO) Enhances Heamatopoietic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells.

Recently, it was demonstrated that TPO enhances hematopoietic differentiation of primate ES cells, but its role in differentiating human ES cells is unknown. We sought to investigate the regulatory mechanism of TPO induced signals mediated by the c-mpl cytoplasmic domain during human embryonic stem (hES) cells hematopoietic commitment. We hypothesize that in human embryonic stem cells, binding of TPO to its c-mpl receptor causes three-dimensional alterations which bring the c-mpl cytoplasmic domain and Janus Kinase into close-proximity and thus induces the phosphorylation and dimerization of STAT5 molecule. Dimerized STAT5 molecules detach from the receptors and migrate to the nucleus where they bind GAS site and induce transcription of a set of target, hematopoiesis-related genes. NIH human ES cell lines (WI01) were used in this experiment. In brief, to induce EB formation, cells were incubated in differentiation medium, which consisted of knockout DMEM medium (GIBCO/BRL, Carlsbad, USA), supplemented with 20% non-heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS, Hyclone, USA), 1% nonessential amino acids, 1 mM L-glutamine, and 0.1 mM β-mercaptoethanol. Subsequently, DMEM was replaced by IMDM (GIBCO/BRL, USA) with the same supplements and additional two cytokines (100 ng/mL SCF and 100 ng/mL Flt-3 ligand (Flt-3L)) (control group). To investigate the role of TPO and VEGF, cells were additionally treated with 100 ng/mL TPO alone or in combination with 100 ng/mL rhVEGF. All cytokines were from the RD functional studies involve blocking of TPO/c-mpl using TPO-R-specific antibodies and determining its impact on human ES-derived hematopoiesis.
Situating College Students and Technology

All US college students use digital technologies in their academic work, so understanding their experience using both their personal and campus technology is vital to supporting student success. Despite a widely held view of college students as “digital natives” proficient in the use of digital technology, undergraduates do not all share the same technology background or own and use technology to the same extent. Further, the mainstream media focuses on the experiences of residential students at research-intensive or private colleges and universities, though commuter and nontraditional students make up the majority of US undergraduates. Using qualitative methods and insights from the social sciences, this study at the City University of New York explores how commuter and nontraditional students are actually using technology for their coursework.
Feeding 11 billion on 0.5 billion hectare of area under cereal crops

Despite impressive increase in global grain production since 1960s, there are 795 million food-insecure and ~2 billion people prone to malnutrition. Further, global population of 7.4 billion in 2016 is projected to increase to 9.7 billion by 2050, with almost all increase occurring in developing countries. Thus, it is recommended that global food production be increased by 60 to 70% between 2005 and 2050. Global crop production increased threefold between 1965 and 2015 with a net increase of only 67 million ha (Mha) of cropland area. Nonetheless, agronomic yield of food staples can still be tripled or quadrupled in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), South Asia (SA), and the Caribbean by a widespread adoption of site-specific best management practices of sustainable intensification (SI). Rather than expanding the area under cropland, agriculturally marginal and degraded soils can be set aside for nature conservancy. The global average cereal yield of 3.27 Mg ha−1 in 2005 can be increased to 5 Mg ha−1 by 2050, 6 Mg ha−1 by 2080 and 7 Mg ha−1 by 2100 through SI of agroecosystems in SSA, SA and elsewhere. The strategy of “producing more from less” necessitates restoration of soil health and increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration to be more than 1.5–2.0% in the rootzone. The goal of SOC sequestration is in accord with the “4 per Thousand” initiative proposed at COP21 in 2015. Therefore, global food demands can be met despite the decreasing trends in the per capita cropland area by 2050 – 0.17 ha in the world and 0.15 ha in developing countries. While enhancing productivity by SI, the strategy is to simultaneously reduce food waste, increase access and distribution of food, and promote plant-based diet. The goal is to reconcile high production with better environmental quality, develop urban agriculture (aquaponics, aeroponics, and vertical farms), promote nutrition-sensitive farming, and restore degraded soils. Sustainable intensification of agroecosystems can produce enough food grains to feed one person for a year on 0.045 ha of arable land.
CRT-800.31 Dementia Associated with Longer Hospital and Intensive Care Unit Stay in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Dementia affects fourteen percent of the elderly, and its prevalence is increasing as the general population ages. Dementia has been associated with poor outcomes in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. It is unclear if this holds true for patients undergoing a less invasive transcatheter
Minor gestures: slow writing and everyday photography

Perhaps minor gestures are telling us to slow down and#SlowWriting is a daily #MinorGesture.