cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Abrasion Durability on Conglomerate Clast Populations: Examples from Cretaceous and Eocene Conglomerates of the San Diego Area, California

ABSTRACT A variety of rock types subjected to abrasion durability tests in a tumbling mill yielded variable attrition rates. An abrasion durability scale derived from experiments with monolithologic pebble populations was subdivided into four groups: weakly durable marble and schist; moderately durable basalt, granodiorite, gneiss and gabbro; durable obsidian, metasandstone and metabreccia; and ultradurable silicic rhyolite, quartzite, and chert. In experiments with polylithologic pebble populations the relative durabilities remained the same but attrition rates of less durable rock types increased whereas rates of more durable types decreased. The longer the tumbling time (or travel distance), the greater the concentration of high durability clasts. Further, the presence of relatively low durability clasts increased the distance of transport necessary to achieve a given attritional loss for high durability clasts. Upper Cretaceous and Eocene conglomerates of the San Diego area are understood more clearly using these experiment-derived principles. Conglomerates of both ages were derived from the east but the Cretaceous clast populations are comprised of Peninsular Ranges detritus whereas Eocene clast populations are nearly 3/4 silicic rhyolite of exotic origin. Cretaceous conglomerates contain rock types that reflect outcrops in the nearby Peninsular Ranges; clasts vary from weakly durable to durable. The mixed durability clast suite, together with representation of all major Peninsular Ranges bedrock exposures, indicates short-distance fluvial transport. Eocene conglomerates are dominated by ultradurable rhyolite clasts that do not occur in bedrock outcrops in the Peninsular Ranges. Evidently the rhyolite clasts were introduced to a major, west-flowing fluvial system possibly originating in the modern-day area of north-central Sonora. The attrition rates of the ultradurable rhyolite clasts were decreased at the expense of the less durable, but more locally derived, Peninsular Ranges clast suite to produce conglomerates in the San Diego area that are overwhelmingly dominated by exotic rhyolite clasts, although the rhyolite source rocks probably constituted only a small fraction of the total source terrane.
Aqueous Droplets as Single-Molecule Reaction Containers

This paper highlights some of the recent developments in our lab, where we are developing microfluidic and optical methods for the generation and manipulation of single picoliter and femtoliter- volume aqueous droplets. These droplets can be used for a wide range of applications, such as to confine spatially single-molecule reactions for single-organelle and single-cell studies.
Metabolism during winter in a subtropical hibernating bat, the Formosan leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros terasensis)

Abstract The 60-g subtropical Formosan leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros terasensis, hibernates in the wild at warm roost (and hence body) temperatures up to 23°C. For small hibernators, torpid metabolic rate is temperature dependent and thus hibernation in warm hibernacula is predicted to be energetically costly. This species, however, rarely feeds during the hibernation season to offset the expected high energetic costs. In this study we used a respirometry system to quantify physiological characteristics of euthermic and torpid H. terasensis in winter. We tested the hypothesis that H. terasensis exhibits metabolic inhibition during torpor. Our results showed that H. terasensis saved 94.6% energy by using torpor at air temperatures of 15°C, compared with its euthermic metabolic rate at that air temperature. Torpor metabolic rate declined with declining air temperature to around 14°C, but then increased at lower air temperatures of 10–14°C. Above 14°C , the slope of −13.0°K ± 1.4°K between metabolic rates and...
Tips for managing a social networking site.

Many public health organisations are making use of online social networking sites, such as Facebook, to disseminate information. The University of Kentucky's Kentucky Center for Smoke-free Policy (KCSP) has a Facebook page to disseminate evidenced-based information about secondhand smoke and smoke-free policy. Facebook can foster dialogue,1 but users can also post irrelevant or inappropriate information.2 In 2011, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) advocates placed multiple postings to the KCSP Facebook page (kysmokefree) in what appeared to be an attempt to redirect the discussion on KCSP's Facebook page from advancing a smoke-free policy to harm reduction. In 2011, the Madison County (Kentucky) Board of Health amended its smoke-free regulation to prohibit use of e-cigarettes in the same places as cigarettes.3 E-cigarette advocates strongly opposed the change via public testimony, communication with tobacco control advocates in the community and members of the Board of Health, …
The Immune System as a Model for Pattern Recognition and Classification

Objective: To design a pattern recognition engine based on concepts derived from mammalian immune systems. Design: A supervised learning system (Immunos-81) was created using software abstractions of T cells, B cells, antibodies, and their interactions. Artificial T cells control the creation of B-cell populations (clones), which compete for recognition of “unknowns.” The B-cell clone with the “simple highest avidity” (SHA) or “relative highest avidity” (RHA) is considered to have successfully classified the unknown. Measurement: Two standard machine learning data sets, consisting of eight nominal and six continuous variables, were used to test the recognition capabilities of Immunos-81. The first set (Cleveland), consisting of 303 cases of patients with suspected coronary artery disease, was used to perform a ten-way cross-validation. After completing the validation runs, the Cleveland data set was used as a training set prior to presentation of the second data set, consisting of 200 unknown cases. Results: For cross-validation runs, correct recognition using SHA ranged from a high of 96 percent to a low of 63.2 percent. The average correct classification for all runs was 83.2 percent. Using the RHA metric, 11.2 percent were labeled “too close to determine” and no further attempt was made to classify them. Of the remaining cases, 85.5 percent were correctly classified. When the second data set was presented, correct classification occurred in 73.5 percent of cases when SHA was used and in 80.3 percent of cases when RHA was used. Conclusions: The immune system offers a viable paradigm for the design of pattern recognition systems. Additional research is required to fully exploit the nuances of immune computation.
Organic polymer monoliths as stationary phases for capillary HPLC.

Modern rigid porous polymer monoliths were conceived as a new class of stationary phases in classical columns in the early 1990s and later extended to the capillary format. These monolithic materials are typically prepared using a simple molding process carried out within the confines of the capillary. Polymerization of a mixture comprising monomers, initiator, and porogenic solvent affords macroporous materials with large through-pores that enable applications in a rapid flow-through mode. Since all the mobile phase must flow through the monolith, convection considerably accelerates mass transport within the monolithic separation medium and improves the separations. As a result, monolithic columns perform well even at very high flow rates. Various mechanisms including thermally and UV initiated free radical polymerization as well as ring opening metathesis copolymerizations were demonstrated for the preparation of monolithic capillary columns. The versatility of these preparation techniques was demonstrated by their use with hydrophobic (styrene, divinylbenzene, butyl methacrylate, ethylene dimethacrylate), hydrophilic (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methacrylamide, methylenebisacrylamide), ionizable (vinylsulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid), and tailor-made (norborn-2-ene, 1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-1,4,5,8-exo,endo-dimethanonaphthalene) monomers. Variation of polymerization conditions enables control of the porous properties of the monolith over a broad range and mediates the hydrodynamic properties of the monolithic columns. The applications of polymer-based monolithic capillary columns are demonstrated for numerous separations in the μHPLC mode.
Nubian Zar Ceremonies as Psychotherapy

The term zar, referring both to a ceremony and a class of spirits, is usually associated with Ethiopia and may be of Amharic origin. However, the zar is also found the length of the Nile, from Alexandria to at least Khartoum in the Sudan. In Egytian Nubia, the purpose of a zar ceremony is to cure mental illnesses through contact with the possessing spirits which cause such maladies. The evidence indicates that though the Nubians possess several methods for dealing with psychological disturbance, the zar is a last resort which has powerful therapeutic effects for several kinds of ailments. It seems particularly tailored for alleviation of the hysterias and anxiety-produced illnesses which seem to be related to the life conditions of Old Nubia. However, the technique also has been used in treatment of depressions and some obvious psychoses. This paper examines the form and content of the zar ceremony in an attempt to account for this therapeutic effectiveness. The analysis suggests that the concentration an...
Coding-assisted MIMO joint detection and decoding in turbo-coded OFDM

A new coding-assisted MIMO (CA-MIMO) receive algorithm is proposed that can approach the performance of an optimal MIMO receiver, but with a significantly reduced complexity. The algorithm starts with linear MIMO processing to obtain the log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) of the channel bits. Then, at the end of an intermediate turbo decoding iteration, it refines a few channel bit LLRs based on the computed distance to only a select number of symbol candidates, thus achieving the savings. The selection is based on the LLRs of the coded bits at that iteration. In a simulated two-transmit two-receive MIMO-OFDM 16-QAM system with a rate-1/2 turbo code, the proposed algorithm can improve the FER performance by more than 3 dB in a COST-259-style bad urban environment, compared with that of the MMSE MIMO receiver, and is only 0.2 dB away from that of the optimal receiver with exponential complexity.
Divided Government in the States

America. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PrenticeHall. Committee on Political Parties of the American Political Science Association. 1950. "Toward a More Responsible Two-Party System," American Political Science Review 44, supplement. Fiorina, Morris. 1989. Congress: Keystone of the Washington Establishment, 2nd ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Ginsberg, Benjamin, and Martin Shefter. 1990. Politics By Other Means: The Declining Importance of Elections in America. New York: Basic Books. Goggin, Malcolm, et al. 1990. Implementation Theory and Practice. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman/Little, Brown. Hinckley, Barbara. 1988. Stability and Change in Congress, 4th ed. New York: Harper and Row. Jacobson, Gary C. 1990. The Electoral Origins of Divided Government. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Manley, John. 1973. "The Conservative Coalition in Congress." American Behavioral Scientist, November/December: 223-47.
Establishing Edoxaban's Role in Anticoagulation.

PurposeThis article serves as a review of the current literature regarding the role of edoxaban for the prevention of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE).SummaryUntil recent years, oral treatment options for both treatment and prevention of VTE and stroke were limited to warfarin. Dabigatran was the first new oral anticoagulant approved in over 50 years followed by rivaroxaban and apixaban. These new oral anticoagulants offer many benefits over warfarin. Edoxaban is the newest member among the oral anticoagulants and exerts its action by direct inhibition of factor Xa. It may offer some advantages in that it is the second Food and Drug Administration-approved once-daily anticoagulant available and does not interact with the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) system. However, there are concerns in patients with AF and preserved renal function (>95 mL/min), as these cohorts experienced a higher incidence of stroke in trials.ConclusionBased on ...
Efficient reconstruction of subsurface elliptical-cylindrical targets using evolutionary programming

Evolutionary Programming (EP) optimization technique is proposed for efficient profile reconstruction and imaging of buried dielectric targets of elliptical-cylindrical shape. In particular, the efficiency of EP-based optimization in finding the location, shape, relative permittivity, and tilt-angle of the two dimensional (2-D) buried dielectric elliptical-cylindrical targets is investigated and statistically compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. Numerical results indicate that Evolutionary Programming method, as its first reported implementation in subsurface imaging, has a significantly better overall performance than PSO and can be used as a simple, yet efficient and robust global optimization technique for the inverse profiling of buried objects.
SU-F-T-20: Novel Catheter Lumen Recognition Algorithm for Rapid Digitization

Purpose: Manual catheter recognition remains a time-consuming aspect of high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR) treatment planning. In this work, a novel catheter lumen recognition algorithm was created for accurate and rapid digitization. Methods: MatLab v8.5 was used to create the catheter recognition algorithm. Initially, the algorithm searches the patient CT dataset using an intensity based k-means filter designed to locate catheters. Once the catheters have been located, seed points are manually selected to initialize digitization of each catheter. From each seed point, the algorithm searches locally in order to automatically digitize the remaining catheter. This digitization is accomplished by finding pixels with similar image curvature and divergence parameters compared to the seed pixel. Newly digitized pixels are treated as new seed positions, and hessian image analysis is used to direct the algorithm toward neighboring catheter pixels, and to make the algorithm insensitive to adjacent catheters that are unresolvable on CT, air pockets, and high Z artifacts. The algorithm was tested using 11 HDR treatment plans, including the Syed template, tandem and ovoid applicator, and multi-catheter lung brachytherapy. Digitization error was calculated by comparing manually determined catheter positions to those determined by the algorithm. Results: he digitization error was 0.23 mm ± 0.14 mm axially and 0.62 mm ± 0.13 mm longitudinally at the tip. The time of digitization, following initial seed placement was less than 1 second per catheter. The maximum total time required to digitize all tested applicators was 4 minutes (Syed template with 15 needles). Conclusion: This algorithm successfully digitizes HDR catheters for a variety of applicators with or without CT markers. The minimal axial error demonstrates the accuracy of the algorithm, and its insensitivity to image artifacts and challenging catheter positioning. Future work to automatically place initial seed positions would improve the algorithm speed.
Breakfast Consumption and Its Associations with Health-Related Behaviors among School-Aged Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study in Zhejiang Province, China

Evidence indicates that breakfast consumption is associated with a cluster of health-related behaviors, yet studies in mainland China are scarce. This study is conducted to describe the frequency of breakfast consumption among Chinese adolescents and examine its associations with other dietary, physical activity, sedentary, sleep, cigarette-smoking, and alcohol-drinking behaviors. Breakfast consumption and other health-related behaviors data was collected via a self-administered questionnaire in a cross-sectional study in Zhejiang Province, China. A total of 19,542 school-aged adolescents were recruited in this survey. The associations between breakfast consumption and other health-related behaviors were examined using logistic regression models. A significantly higher prevalence of daily breakfast consumption was found among students who were younger (p for trend <0.001), from urban schools (p < 0.001), and academic high schools (p < 0.001). More frequent vegetable and milk consumption, greater physical activity, and longer sleep duration were positively associated with daily breakfast consumption, while soft drinks and fast food consumption, computer use, cigarette-smoking and alcohol-drinking behaviors were inversely associated. The prevalence of irregular breakfast consumption was relatively high among Chinese adolescents in Zhejiang Province. Daily breakfast consumption was associated with a constellation of health-related behaviors.
Development of an auditory situation awareness test battery for advanced hearing protectors and TCAPS: detection subtest of DRILCOM (detection-recognition/identification-localization-communication).

AbstractObjective: To design a test battery and conduct a proof-of-concept experiment of a test method that can be used to measure the detection performance afforded by military advanced hearing protection devices (HPDs) and tactical communication and protective systems (TCAPS). Design: The detection test was conducted with each of the four loudspeakers located at front, right, rear and left of the participant. Participants wore 2 in-ear-type TCAPS, 1 earmuff-type TCAPS, a passive Combat Arms Earplug in its “open” or pass-through setting and an EB-15LE™ electronic earplug. Devices with electronic gain systems were tested under two gain settings: “unity” and “max”. Testing without any device (open ear) was conducted as a control. Study sample: Ten participants with audiometric requirements of 25 dBHL or better at 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 Hz in both ears. Results: Detection task performance varied with different signals and speaker locations. The test identified performance differences among certain TCAP...
Optical quantum computing with spectral qubits

We formulate a universal platform for optical quantum information processing based on spectral qubits, pulse shapers, and electro-optic modulators. Our approach is compatible with fiber networks and offers new potential for interfacing matter qubits.
Majority of Patients Endorsing Post Traumatic Migraine Headaches Features Are Females (P3.332)

Objective: Classify posttraumatic headaches according to International Headache Society criteria and determine relationship between gender, type of headache and severity and duration of post concussion presentation Background: Posttraumatic headaches are not formally classified according to their features. Understanding the characteristics of posttraumatic headaches maybe helpful in determining prognosis and eventually treatment. Methods: As part of our concussion neurology clinics flow, we used Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plan. We followed concussion patients, ages 6-21, prospectively and classified their headaches based on HIS definitions. Findings: 569 patients were enrolled. We focused on 242/569 patients who continued to endorse headaches 30 days after onset on concussion. 88.4[percnt] were >10 years of age. Average PCSS was 43.1 at presentation to clinic. 30.8[percnt] had one or more previous concussions. 24.4[percnt] endorsed LOC. 56.5[percnt] endorsed migraine symptoms and out of those who endorsed migraine symptoms 76[percnt] were females. 32.7[percnt] endorsed premorbid headaches and or migraines. 29[percnt] endorsed premorbid learning or cognitive disability. Patients with persistent headaches endorsed significantly more emotional and cognitive symptoms. 68.6[percnt] of patients endorsing headache symptoms after 30 days of concussion onset were females. Females were significantly more likely to endorse more severe overall headache symptoms and more cognitive and emotional symptoms. Mechanism of concussion did not predict severity or nature of symptoms. Conclusions: Patients who present to the outpatient neurology concussion clinic and continue to endorse symptoms beyond 30 days are very likely to endorse severe and frequent headaches that can be classified into migraines. Those who endorse migraine headaches are highly likely to be females. A neurology concussion clinic should be equipped to handle patients with more severe symptoms who are more likely to endorse academic and emotional difficulties. Migraine management expertise would also be needed. Disclosure: Dr. Hawash has nothing to disclose.
Abstract 4180: TGF-beta promotes angiogenesis in an RB-deficient, Kras-driven mouse model of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease that is projected to become the 2nd leading cause of cancer deaths by 2030. PDACs are associated with a high frequency of KRAS mutations (95%) and overexpression of many pro-angiogenic cytokines and growth factors. Using a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) that we established in which oncogenic Kras is combined with loss of RB (KRC), we have determined that PDACs arising in these mice (mPDACs) harbor many endothelial cells (ECs) and sinusoidal-like vessels that have blood flow, as determined by intravital confocal microscopy. Array analysis of pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) derived from KRC tumors revealed gene expression profiles that correlate with active TGF-β signaling pathways, as determined by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and include increased expression of multiple pro-angiogenic genes. In silico analysis indicated that many of these pro-angiogenic genes were TGF-β targets, and inhibition of the type I TGF-β receptor (TβRI) with SB505124 confirmed that TGF-βs drive pro-angiogenic gene expression in KRC PCCs. Moreover, TGF-β increased the levels of pro-angiogenic cytokines in conditioned media (CM) prepared from KRC PCCs, which when added to ECs, activated canonical TGF-β signaling pathways and stimulated EC proliferation and migration. Although SB505124 blocked TGF-β pathway activation in ECs, it failed to suppress CM-enhanced EC proliferation and migration. By contrast, SB505124 attenuated tumor angiogenesis, growth and metastasis in a syngeneic orthotopic mouse model using KRC PCCs. Taken together, these results suggest that TGF-β promotes angiogenesis in an indirect manner, by up-regulating pro-angiogenic factors in PCCs that act on ECs in a paracrine manner. Therefore, targeting TGF-β in PDAC could be a beneficial anti-angiogenic strategy. Citation Format: Jesse Gore, Kelly E. Craven, Julie L. Wilson, Murray Korc. TGF-beta promotes angiogenesis in an RB-deficient, Kras-driven mouse model of pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4180. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4180
Pioneering occupational therapy and occupational science: Ideas and practitioners before 1917

ABSTRACTThe concept of using occupation with patients or clients was well established by the time the founders of the American professional organization met in 1917, but the origins that focus on using occupation as a change agent for individual patient benefit remain unclear. Therefore the questions for this paper are: (1) When did occupation begin to be used as a change agent for individual benefit? (2) Who were the people that first advanced the notion of occupation as a potential positive change agent? and (3) What were their ideas about how occupation could be applied? The answers were found by searching the journal literature using multiple terms, about 25, related to the concept of occupation since the term “occupational therapy” did not appear in print until 1915. Ninety-five articles were located published in North American between 1897 and 1916. Six early practice models were identified by terms used in the authors’ publications: institutional occupation, diversional occupation, work cure, habit...
Short chain fatty acids ameliorate immune-mediated uveitis partially by altering migration of lymphocytes from the intestine

Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are metabolites of intestinal bacteria resulting from fermentation of dietary fiber. SCFA are protective in various animal models of inflammatory disease. We investigated the effects of exogenous administration of SFCAs, particularly propionate, on uveitis using an inducible model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Oral SCFA administration attenuated uveitis severity in a mouse strain-dependent manner through regulatory T cell induction among lymphocytes in the intestinal lamina propria (LPL) and cervical lymph nodes (CLN). SCFA also suppressed effector T cell induction in the CLN and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Alterations in intestinal morphology and gene expression demonstrated in the EAU model prior to the onset of uveitis were blunted by oral SCFA administration. Using a Kaede transgenic mouse, we demonstrated enhanced leukocyte trafficking between the intestine and the eye in EAU. Propionate suppressed T effector cell migration between the intestine and the spleen in EAU Kaede mice. In conclusion, our findings support exogenous administration of SCFAs as a potential treatment strategy for uveitis through the stabilization of subclinical intestinal alterations that occur in inflammatory diseases including uveitis, as well as prevention of trafficking of leukocytes between the gastrointestinal tract and extra-intestinal tissues.
Simple Rule To Predict Boundedness of Multiexciton States in Covalently Linked Singlet-Fission Dimers.

Because of the potential for increasing solar cell efficiencies, significant effort has been spent understanding the mechanism of singlet fission. We provide a simple connectivity rule to predict whether the through-bond coupling will be stabilizing or destabilizing for the 1(TT) state in covalently linked singlet-fission chromophores. By drawing an analogy between the chemical system and a simple spin–lattice, one is able to determine the ordering of the multiexciton spin state via a generalized usage of Ovchinnikov’s rule. This allows one to predict (without any computation) whether the 1(TT) multiexciton state will be bound or unbound with respect to the separated triplets in covalently linked singlet-fission dimers. To test our hypothesis, we have performed ab initio calculations on a systematic series of covalently linked singlet-fission dimers. Numerical examples are given, and the limitations of the proposed theory are explored.
Designing vector-friendly compact BLAS and LAPACK kernels

Many applications, such as PDE based simulations and machine learning, apply blas/lapack routines to large groups of small matrices. While existing batched blas APIs provide meaningful speedup for this problem type, a non-canonical data layout enabling cross-matrix vectorization may provide further significant speedup. In this paper, we propose a new compact data layout that interleaves matrices in blocks according to the SIMD vector length. We combine this compact data layout with a new interface to blas/lapack routines that can be used within a hierarchical parallel application. Our layout provides up to 14X, 45X, and 27X speedup against OpenMP loops around optimized dgemm, dtrsm and dgetrf kernels, respectively, on the Intel Knights Landing architecture. We discuss the compact batched blas/lapack implementations in two libraries, KokkosKernels and Intel® Math Kernel Library. We demonstrate the APIs in a line solver for coupled PDEs. Finally, we present detailed performance analysis of our kernels.
Age-related changes in neural mechanisms of prospective memory

The capability to remember and execute intentions in the future - termed prospective memory (PM) - may be of special significance for older adults to enable successful completion of important activities of daily living. Despite the importance of this cognitive function, mixed findings have been obtained regarding age-related decline in PM, and, currently, there is limited understanding of potential contributing mechanisms. In the current study, older (N=41) and younger adults (N=47) underwent task-functional MRI during performance of PM conditions that encouraged either spontaneous retrieval (Focal) or sustained attentional monitoring (Non-focal) to detect PM targets. Older adults exhibited a reduction in PM-related sustained activity within the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) and associated dorsal frontoparietal cognitive control network, due to an increase in non-specific sustained activation in (no-PM) control blocks (i.e., an age-related compensatory shift). Transient PM-trial specific activity was observed in both age groups within a ventral parietal memory network that included the precuneus. However, within a left posterior inferior parietal node of this network, transient PM-related activity was selectively reduced in older adults during the non-focal condition. These age differences in sustained and transient brain activity statistically mediated age-related declines in PM performance, and were potentially linked via age-related changes in functional connectivity between the aPFC and precuneus. Together, they support an account consistent with the Dual Mechanisms of Control framework, in which age-related PM declines are due to neural mechanisms that support proactive cognitive control processes, such as sustained attentional monitoring, while leaving reactive control mechanisms relatively spared.
Bacterial pustule of soybeans: Pathogen growth kinetics and epidemiology

The f i rs t t r i fo l ia te leaves o f res is tant and suscept ib le soybean p lan ts were inocu la ted w i th Xanthowonas phased i var . so . iens is (Xps) us ing an a i rb rush. Inocu lum concent ra t ions were var ied to produce in i t ia l Xps popu la t ions w i th in the leaves rang ing f rom 0 .6 to 400 CPU per cm2. Pathogen popu la t ions were assessed over a n ine day per iod us ing s tandard d i lu t ion p la t ing techn iques. Number o f pus tu les per cm2 was de termined 10 days a f te r inocu la t ion . At a l l inocu lum concent ra t ions , Xps popu la t ions Increased a t s imi la r ra tes in both res is tant and suscept ib le leaves. In suscept ib le leaves, the ra t io between the in i t ia l pathogen popu la t ion (CPU per cm^) and the number o f pus tu les 10 days a f te r inocu la t ion (pustu les per cm?) was c lose to 1 .3 :1 . In the res is tant leaves, th is ra t io was approx imate ly 7 .7 :1 . Pustu les on res is tant p lan ts were approx imate ly 30% smal le r than on the suscept ib le p lan ts .
Drehimpuls in Kugelkoordinaten

Als wichtiges Beispiel der Einfuhrung krummliniger Koordinaten werden wir nun den Bahndrehimpuls lvec = -I h rvec x grad in die Kugelkoordinaten r, t und p transformieren. Diese Koordinaten werden in Abschn. E.4.0 diskutiert und sind dort in Abb. E.4 dargestellt. Der Polarwinkel t und der Azimutwinkel p mit {t, 0, Pi} und {p, 0, 2Pi} bilden die Einheitskugel mit Radius r = 1 ab.
On Pcd(A) - Classes for an Admissible Set A

This paper is devoted to the notions EC d (A) (class of models of a recursively axiomatizable theory over a countable admissible set A) and (especially) PC d (A).
Working Group 1 - Transportation Construction Materials and the Environment Research and Development Needs for Timber Bridges-A Position Paper

In the United States, the use of wood materials in housing is extensive. Perhaps 90% of all single family housing is comprised of light frame wood construction. In that mode of usage, wood has provided low cost and durable housing with service life of 50 years or more. Use of heavy timber in construction has had considerable less presence in the market place, principally in low rise buildings. However, in the past decade extensive efforts have been made by U.S. researchers and industry to introduce modern technologies into timber bridge construction for highways. This interest has been generated by a prolonged national effort to rehabilitate or replace deteriorated bridges nationwide.
P025Platelet refractoriness in a 5 month old infant with hyoplastic left heart on ECMO

Platelet transfusion refractoriness in patients ranges from 7 to 34% and the etiology is typically attributable to formation of HLA antibodies from pregnancy or previous transfusion. Antibody development in children
A multidisciplinary toxicity team for cancer immunotherapy-related adverse events.

6538Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The spectrum of irAEs requiring referral to non-oncology specialists has not been well described. We ...
Binary interactions of stochastically rough, charged spheres in planar Couette and Poiseuille flow

Numerical simulations are performed using a semi-analytic method to study the interactions of two neutrally buoyant, stochastically rough spheres that are subjected to repulsive and attractive static forces in planar Couette and Poiseuille Stokes flow. Both particle roughness and static force introduce irreversibility into these systems resulting in asymmetries in the particle trajectories. These asymmetries lead to particle dispersion and migration. It has previously been shown that particle pairs migrate toward the low shear rate region of the flow field for neutrally charged rough spheres. Applying an attractive static force to the rough particles reduces the particle dispersion while applying a repulsive static force increases the particle dispersion. Increasing the attractive force between the two rough spheres decreases the net particle migration to the extent that the particle pairs may actually migrate toward the high shear rate region of the flow. As the nonlinearity of the flow field increases, the average dispersion increases with repulsive forces, decreases with attractive forces, and remains essentially constant for neutrally charged spheres. The effect of standard deviation of particle roughness on in-plane particle dispersion and net particle migration is investigated.Numerical simulations are performed using a semi-analytic method to study the interactions of two neutrally buoyant, stochastically rough spheres that are subjected to repulsive and attractive static forces in planar Couette and Poiseuille Stokes flow. Both particle roughness and static force introduce irreversibility into these systems resulting in asymmetries in the particle trajectories. These asymmetries lead to particle dispersion and migration. It has previously been shown that particle pairs migrate toward the low shear rate region of the flow field for neutrally charged rough spheres. Applying an attractive static force to the rough particles reduces the particle dispersion while applying a repulsive static force increases the particle dispersion. Increasing the attractive force between the two rough spheres decreases the net particle migration to the extent that the particle pairs may actually migrate toward the high shear rate region of the flow. As the nonlinearity of the flow field increases, ...
Sequential Circuit Design with Bilayer Avalanche Spin Diode Logic

Novel computing paradigms like the fully cascadable InSb bilayer avalanche spin-diode logic (BASDL) are capable of performing complex logic operations. Although the original work provides a comprehensive explanation for the device structure, the fundamental logic set and basic combinational circuits, it lacks the inclusion of sequential circuit design. This paper addresses the void by demonstrating the structural design of SR and D-type latches with BASDL. Novel latch topologies are proposed that take full advantage of the BASDL-based logic set while maintaining conventional latch functionality. The effective operation of these latches is verified through a complete logic-level analysis and a brief insight into their physical implementation.
Self-Assessment of Preparedness among Critical Care Trainees Transitioning from Fellowship to Practice

This study evaluated the subjective assessment of preparedness needs of critical care trainees and recent graduates between 2013 and 2014. A questionnaire was developed and validated by the subcommittee of the In-Training Section of Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM). The survey was deployed twice between December 2013 and January 2014 via email to any trainee or individual graduated from a critical care fellowship within the previous three years. Six percent (180) of all individuals completed the survey, and 67% of respondents had recently interviewed for a job. Northeast was the preferred location for a job (47%), and academia was favored over private practice (80% vs. 15%). Of the respondents that secured an interview, 55% felt prepared for the interview, 67% felt prepared to build an adequate job portfolio, 33% received formal guidance from their mentor/training program. 89% of total respondents agreed it is important to participate in a formal training course in job search, portfolio development, and interviewing process. The preferred sources of training were equally distributed between their home institution, webinars, and SCCM. There is an ongoing need in education regarding the transition period from fellowship to practice.
Autoimmune Effects of Lung Cancer Immunotherapy Revealed by Data-Driven Analysis on a Nationwide Cohort.

The autoimmune adverse effects of lung cancer immunotherapy are not fully understood at the population level. Using observational data from commercial health insurance claims, we compared autoimmune diseases risk of immune checkpoint inhibitors (including pembrolizumab and nivolumab) and that of chemotherapy using the matching method. By 6 months after treatment initialization, the cumulative incidence of new autoimmune diseases among patients receiving immunotherapy was 13.13% (95% confidence interval (CI), 10.79-15.50%) and that of the matched chemotherapy patients was 6.65% (95% CI, 5.79-7.50%), constituting a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.97 (95% CI, 1.58-2.48). Both pembrolizumab (HR = 2.06 (95% CI, 1.20-3.65), P = 0.0032) and nivolumab (HR = 1.76 (95% CI, 1.39-2.24), P < 0.0001) were associated with higher risks of developing autoimmune diseases, especially for hypothyroidism (P < 0.0001). Our findings suggest the need to monitor autoimmune side effects of immunotherapy.
Pooling of Laying Hen Environmental Swabs and Efficacy of Salmonella Detection.

ABSTRACT Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis is required for U.S. shell egg producers with ≥3,000 hens on a farm. The egg producer assumes all costs for the mandatory testing. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Egg Rule, either manure scraper or drag swabs can be collected according to published guidelines and requirements. The present study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of Salmonella detection with one-, two-, and four-swab pools of either manure scraper or drag swabs. Resistant isolates of Salmonella serovars Enteritidis (1,000 ppm of streptomycin), Heidelberg (200 ppm of nalidixic acid [NA]), Typhimurium (200 ppm of NA), and Kentucky (200 ppm of NA) were utilized. Low (approximately 8.4 CFU) and high (approximately 84 CFU) levels of inocula were introduced onto a single swab within a pool. Single flocks from each conventional cage (manure scraper swabs) and cage-free barn (drag swabs) were monitored throughout the study at the ages required under the FDA Egg Rule. The highest and most consistent recovery of inoculum was found in single swab samples. For low dose inocula, recovery of isolates was low from single manure scraper swabs (57.9 to 29.2%) and decreased as more swabs were added to the pool. Recovery of isolates from manure scraper swabs was higher for high dose inocula, although Salmonella Heidelberg was outcompeted by the naturally occurring flora and had the lowest rate of recovery among the isolates tested. One- and two-swab pools of drag swabs had similar rates of recovery at both low and high doses for Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Heidelberg, and Salmonella Typhimurium. When Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Kentucky were combined in an inoculum, Salmonella Enteritidis was recovered at a much higher rate than was Salmonella Kentucky for all types of swabs and doses of inocula. Pooling of two drag swabs allowed for similar detection of low and high dose Salmonella, but the pooling of manure scraper swabs decreased detection of low dose Salmonella. HIGHLIGHTS
Habits are stronger with longer duration of illness and greater severity in anorexia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between habit strength and clinical features of anorexia nervosa (AN). Habit strength, separate from intention, relates to the persistence of behavior, and is measured by the Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI). We hypothesized that habit strength would be greater among individuals with AN than healthy controls (HC) and that habit strength would be associated with duration and severity of illness. METHOD Participants were 116 women with AN (n = 69) and HC (n = 47) who completed the SRHI, the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q), and a multi-item laboratory meal. The SRHI assessed four domains and these subscales were averaged for the total score. RESULTS Individuals with AN demonstrated significantly greater habit strength than HC in the total score (t114 = 7.00, p < .01), and within each domain (restrictive eating, compensatory behavior, delay of eating, and rituals). Total SRHI score was significantly associated with EDE-Q scores for both AN and HC groups (rAN = .59, pAN = <.001; rHC = .32, pHC = .030). Among patients, there was a significant association between SRHI and duration of illness (r = .38, p = .001). There was no significant association between SRHI and caloric intake (rAN = -.20, pAN = .10; rHC = -.25, pHC = .09). DISCUSSION Habit strength was related to chronicity and severity of AN, suggesting that habit formation may play an important role in illness. These data suggest avenues for mechanism research and treatment development.
A review of procedural skills performed by advanced practice providers in emergency department and critical care settings

Abstract Advanced practice providers (physician assistants and nurse practitioners) are part of the interdisciplinary teams integral to successful care and improved outcomes for acutely ill patients in intensive care units and emergency departments. Between physician shortage and increased complexity of patients with often rapidly deteriorating conditions, the addition of advanced practice providers and expansion of acute care provider roles result in positive outcomes including decreased hospital length of stay, improved continuity of care, decreased hospital costs and increase inpatient, physician and staff nurses job satisfaction. This article attempts to examine the role that advanced practice providers (APPs) play in performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in acute care settings, education provided in physician assistant (PA) and nurse practitioner (NP) programs, and post-graduate training required to achieve competency and comfort in performing procedures. PA and NP training and credentialing often vary at the state level and by practice site. This article aims to collect information on how these roles compare as well as which procedures are actually being performed by advanced practice providers in the emergency department and critical care settings. Considering the healthcare system move towards team-based care, procedures performed by APPs align with the needs of the patient population served and correspond to the procedures done within the teams by physician providers. Independently billing under national provider identifier is cost effective but can be influenced by the current physician reimbursement system or lack of understanding of APP billing process by health care systems. Though there is limited research in this area, this article serves as a starting point to examining the current utilization and utility of APPs performing procedures in the emergency department and critical care settings.
Social Workers Being Effective in Disaster Settings

Research about social workers’ impact during disasters is not widely recognized. Among the various roles social workers play during disasters are to handle a surge of clients and to support peers a...
A phase I trial of temsirolimus and erlotinib in patients with refractory solid tumors.

Resistance to treatment with inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is partially mediated by activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We conducted a phase I study to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) of temsirolimus (mTOR inhibitor) combined with erlotinib (EGFR inhibitor) in patients with refractory solid tumors. Standard “3 + 3” design was used for dose escalation. An expansion cohort at RP2D included only patients with squamous histology or mutations relevant to PI3K or EGFR pathway activation. Patients started daily erlotinib 7 days prior to starting temsirolimus on cycle 1. Intravenous temsirolimus was then administered weekly. Starting dose levels were 15 mg for temsirolimus and 100 mg for erlotinib. Forty-four patients received treatment on this study (28 in dose escalation and 16 in the expansion cohort). The RP2D was temsirolimus 25 mg IV weekly and erlotinib 100 mg orally daily. Two patients experienced DLTs (G3 dehydration and G4 renal failure). The most common drug-related adverse events (all grades) were rash, mucositis/stomatitis, diarrhea, nausea and fatigue. No complete or partial responses were observed. The median duration on this study was 69 days (range 3–770) for escalation and 88 days (range 25–243) for expansion cohorts. Among 11 response-evaluable patients in the expansion cohort, 9 (82%) had stable disease and 2 (18%) had progressive disease. The combination of temsirolimus and erlotinib at the RP2D was well tolerated, and the regimen resulted in prolonged disease stabilization in selected patients (NCT00770263).
High-coherence mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy spanning 2.6 to 5.2 μm

Mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy has the potential to supplant conventional Fourier-transform spectroscopy in applications requiring high resolution, accuracy, signal-to-noise ratio and speed. Until now, mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy has been limited to narrow optical bandwidths or low signal-to-noise ratios. Using digital signal processing and broadband frequency conversion in waveguides, we demonstrate a mid-infrared dual-comb spectrometer covering 2.6 to 5.2 µm with comb-tooth resolution, sub-MHz frequency precision and accuracy, and a spectral signal-to-noise ratio as high as 6,500. As a demonstration, we measure the highly structured, broadband cross-section of propane from 2,840 to 3,040 cm−1, the complex phase/amplitude spectra of carbonyl sulfide from 2,000 to 2,100 cm−1, and of a methane, acetylene and ethane mixture from 2,860 to 3,400 cm−1. The combination of broad bandwidth, comb-mode resolution and high brightness will enable accurate mid-infrared spectroscopy in precision laboratory experiments and non-laboratory applications including open-path atmospheric gas sensing, process monitoring and combustion. By employing difference-frequency generation, a mid-infrared dual-comb spectrometer covering the 2.6 to 5.2 µm range is demonstrated with comb-tooth resolution, sub-MHz frequency precision and accuracy, and a spectral signal-to-noise ratio as high as 6,500.