cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial Electrodeposition of Chiral Metal Surfaces on Silicon(643).

Surfaces of achiral materials exhibit two-dimensional chirality if they lack mirror symmetry. An example is the (643) surface of face-centered-cubic metals such as Au. The (643) and (643) surfaces are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. Chiral surfaces offer the possibility of serving as heterogeneous catalysts for chiral synthesis or providing a platform for chiral separation or crystallization. Here, we show the symmetry requirements for surface chirality, and we demonstrate that chiral surfaces can be produced by electrochemically depositing epitaxial films of Au onto commercially available Si(643) wafers. Au(643) is deposited onto one side of the wafer, and its enantiomer Au(643) is deposited on the other side of the wafer. In addition to the (643) orientation, the (8 14 17) orientation of Au is produced on the Si(643) wafers. The (8 14 17) orientation has a similar kinked surface to the (643) surface, but it has staggered kinks. Other metal films including Pt, Ni, Cu, and Ag that ar...
Investigation of a proactive glass filler removal in IC substrate build up films and its effect on topography and copper adhesion reliability

Abstract In order to achieve interconnections at extremely small scale, the latest build up laminates contain increasing amounts of spherical glass fillers, which are needed to compensate the CTE mismatch between the epoxy based resin matrix and the electroplated copper circuits. Desmear of the resin surface during industrial processing exposes these glass fillers and weakens their anchoring in the surrounding resin matrix, which decreases adhesion strength of the plated copper. We describe a newly developed cleaner process for the removal of glass fillers in industrially important build-up materials. Its effects on cleanliness and copper to resin adhesion is described in detail and illustrated by SEM imaging. Finally we propose a mechanism, explaining the adhesion increase as compared to standard processing and fluoride etch treatment.
Shorter Superconnectors: LCCs in the Middle East and North Africa

Abstract Although the Gulf “superconnectors” (Emirates Airline, Etihad Airways, and Qatar Airways) and Turkish Airlines have attracted a lot of attention for their transformative impact on the global airline industry, the Middle East is also home to a handful of vibrant low-cost carriers (LCCs). Key markets for these carriers include the movement of guest workers back and forth to South Asia and tourists to and from Europe. To date, cooperation between the superconnectors and LCCs has been minimal, but there is potential for greater collaboration in the future. Meanwhile, war and political unrest in several parts of the region have inhibited budget airlines and sometimes cleared the skies altogether, but LCCs have been pioneers in cultivating markets once a modicum of peace is attained.
A Comparison of Video Prompting to Least-to-Most Prompting among Children with Autism and Intellectual Disability

Students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) may experience challenges when learning tasks that are complex and require numerous steps. This difficulty can lead to employment issues for this population of learners. Therefore, researchers have explored methods to teach employment-related tasks to students with ASD and ID. Two such procedures are video prompting (VP) and least-to-most prompting. These procedures are frequently combined as an intervention package to boost student responding. The purpose of this study was to explore which of these interventions was more effective and efficient when used to teach office tasks to individuals with ASD and ID. Three adolescent students participated in this study. Using the adapted alternating treatments design, we found that VP was more effective and efficient for two participants, whereas least-to-most prompting was more effective but less efficient for the remaining participant. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Granulomatous prostatitis induced by capsule-deficient cryptococcal infection.

AbstractA 59-year-old man with prostatism, in otherwise good health, was treated with transurethral prostatectomy and ketoconazole. At microscopic examination of the prostatic tissue he had acute and chronic prostatitis with granulomatous lesions, in the center of which capsular-deficient cryptococcal organisms were demonstrated. The patient was well without evidence of systemic or local infection at 22 months. The differential diagnosis of granulomatous prostatitis is discussed. (J. Urol., 143: 365–366, 1990)
Demonstrating Nursing Excellence Through Equality: The Relationship Between Magnet® Status and Organizational LGBTQ Client Services and Support:

Introduction: Human Rights Campaign annually scores health care treatment of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees and clients among four measured dimensions in its Healthcare Equality Index (HEI). The purpose of this study was to determine if the score organizations earned on the 2018 HEI dimension measuring LGBTQ client services and support correlated with organizations' American Nurses Credentialing Center Magnet® recognition status, a distinction of nursing excellence. Method: Using a secondary data analysis approach, data obtained from Human Rights Campaign that specifically rated LGBTQ client services and support in 2018 HEI participating organizations (n = 626) were compared with the most recent inventory of American Nurses Credentialing Center Magnet health care organizations (n = 477). Results: LGBTQ client services and support HEI scores positively correlated with Magnet status (p = .0002). Discussion: Provision of LGBTQ client services and Magnet recognition is strongly related to higher quality nursing care, suggesting organizations earning Magnet recognition provide more equitable services to its LGBTQ clients.
Diaphragm ultrasound examination for congenital diaphragmatic eventration in two premature neonates

Congenital diaphragmatic eventration (CDE) is always diagnosed by fluoroscopic examination. However, this technique is inappropriate for premature neonates because of risks of transport, hypothermia and ionising radiation. Herein, we describe two cases of premature neonates suspected to have CDE on radiography. We could not perform fluoroscopic examination due to their prematurity status. Therefore, we performed ultrasound examination and succeeded in diagnosing CDE without any risks. Using ultrasound examination, we could evaluate movement and thickness of the diaphragm. We consider this additional information useful for CDE diagnosis. This is the first report on CDE diagnosis using ultrasound examination.
Transition Modelling for General Purpose CFD Codes

The paper addresses modelling concepts based on the RANS equations for laminar-turbulent transition prediction in general-purpose CFD codes. Available models are reviewed, with emphasis on their compatibility with modem CFD methods. Requirements for engineering transition models suitable for industrial CFD codes are specified. A transition model, which satisfies most of the specified requirements is described, including results for a variety of different complex applications.
Evaluation of Free-operant Preference Assessment: Outcomes of Varying Session Duration and Problem Behavior:

Previous researchers have found brief versions of preference assessments correspond to outcomes of longer preference assessments, and that varying levels of problem behavior occur in different pref...
Real-Time Characterization of Cell Membrane Disruption by α-Synuclein Oligomers in Live SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells

Aggregation of the natively unfolded protein α-synuclein (α-Syn) has been widely correlated to the neuronal death associated with Parkinson's disease. Mutations and protein overaccumulation can promote the aggregation of α-Syn into oligomers and fibrils. Recent work has suggested that α-Syn oligomers can permeabilize the neuronal membrane, promoting calcium influx and cell death. However, the mechanism of this permeabilization is still uncertain and has yet to be characterized in live cells. This work uses scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) to image, in real time and without using chemical probes, the topographies of live SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells after exposure to α-Syn oligomers. Substantial morphological changes were observed, with micrometer-scale hills and troughs observed at lower α-Syn concentrations (1.00 μM) and large, transient pores observed at higher α-Syn concentrations (6.0 μM). These findings suggest that α-Syn oligomers may permeabilize the neuronal membrane by destabilizing the lipid bilayer and opening transient pores.
Potential soil extracellular enzyme activity is altered by long-term experimental nitrogen deposition in semiarid shrublands

Abstract Semi-arid shrublands in southern California are exposed to high levels of atmospheric dry nitrogen (N) deposition, which can alter soil microbial activity, and thus, ecosystem carbon (C) and N cycling and storage. We used archived soil samples to assess the relative effects of experimental N enrichment on the potential activity of key C, N, and phosphorus (P) cycling enzymes in chaparral and coastal sage scrub (CSS) shrublands over a 14 year period. Chaparral plots exposed to N exhibited a significant decline in β-glucosidase and phosphatase activity and an increase in peroxidase activity over time, while N exposure had no consistent effect on N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGase) activity. In contrast, N exposure did not significantly affect the activity of any of the measured enzymes in CSS. However, ANCOVA results revealed that the potential response of some enzymes to cumulative N input was affected by annual rainfall, because significantly more N accumulated in the soil during times of low rainfall. These results indicate that chronic dry season N inputs to semi-arid shrublands can fundamentally alter potential enzyme activity, but the impact depends on climate and vegetation type.
The Efficacy of Bamlanivimab in Reducing Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations in a Real-world Setting

Bamlanivimab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is available for ambulatory treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This real-world study confirms the efficacy of bamlanivimab in reducing hospital admissions and emergency department visits among high-risk outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 illness and reveals a trend toward improved mortality.
The Punjabi New Testament in Persian Script

This article discusses the Punjabi New Testament in Persian script. It explores different phases of its preparation and its translation features, as well as the individuals who contributed to its t...
Healthcare Burden and Cost in Children with Anorectal Malformation During the First 5 Years of Life.

Objective To identify cumulative 5-year healthcare costs and healthcare days in children with anorectal malformation (ARM) and to compare the cumulative 5-year healthcare costs and healthcare days in children with ARM with 3 control cohorts: healthy, premature, and congenital heart disease (CHD). Study design We performed a retrospective case–control study using the Truven MarketScan database of commercial claims encounters between 2008 and 2017. The ARM, CHD, and premature cohorts were identified using a targeted list of International Classification of Diseases 9th or 10th Revision diagnosis and Current Procedural Terminology codes. The healthy cohort included patients without ARM, preterm birth, or CHD. Results We identified 664 children with ARM, 3356 children with heart disease, 63 190 children who were born preterm, and 2947 healthy patients. At 5 years, the total healthcare costs of children with ARM ($273K, 95% CI $168K-$378K) were similar to the premature cohort ($246K, 95% CI $237K-$255K) and lower than the CHD cohort ($466K, 95% CI $401K-$530K, P Conclusions Children with ARM accumulate similar healthcare costs to children with prematurity and comparable healthcare days to children with CHD and prematurity in the first 5 years of life. Outpatient care represents the majority of healthcare days in children with ARM, identifying this as a target for quality improvement and demonstrating the long-term impact of this condition.
Development of a Reduced-Order Design/Optimization Tool for Automotive Engines Using Massively Parallel Computing

Design and optimization of automotive engines present unique challenges on account of the large design space and conflicting constraints. A notable example of such a problem is optimizing the fuel consumption and reducing emissions over the drive cycle of an automotive engine. There are over twenty design variables (including operating conditions and geometry) for the abovementioned problem. Conducting design, analyses, and optimization studies over such a large parametric space presents a serious computational challenge. The large design parameter space precludes the use of detailed numerical or experimental investigations. Physics-based reduced-order models can be used effectively in the design and optimization of such problems. Since a typical drive cycle is represented by 1500 to 2000 sample data points (engine cycles), it is essential to develop fast and robust computations so that the entire engine cycle computation is done close to real-time speeds (on the order of 100-150 milliseconds). Harnessing the power of high-performance computing, it is possible to perform optimization of automotive drive cycles using massively parallel computations. In this work, we discuss the development of a parallel fast and robust reduced-order modeling tool to compute integrated quantities such as fuel consumption and emissions (NO and CO) over a range of engine drive cycles. As an illustrative example, we perform a massively parallel simulation consisting of 4096 synthetic drive cycles, representative of a fleet of cars. The impact of parameters such as humidity, initial cylinder pressure, inlet air temperature, and residual gas fraction on the performance and emission are presented.
Firm Value, Information Problems and the Internal Capital Market

We examine how information problems between the firm and the investor affect the value of an internal capital market. While the extant literature finds that, on average, the diversified firm's access to an internal capital market is positively related to firm value, this paper finds that the results hold only for firms which face low levels of information problems. Firms facing the high levels of information problems realize no value from internal capital market access, consistent with the Jensen Free Cash Flow hypothesis. When information problems are large, agency costs dominate any savings that result from using an internal capital market to avoid selling under-priced securities in the external capital markets.
Outwitted by Viral RNAs

Human cytomegalovirus expresses noncoding RNAs that repress host immune responses during infection.
An evaluation of implementation options for MPI one-sided communication

MPI defines one-sided communication operations—put, get, and accumulate—together with three different synchronization mechanisms that define the semantics associated with the initiation and completion of these operations. In this paper, we analyze the requirements imposed by the MPI Standard on any implementation of one-sided communication. We discuss options for implementing the synchronization mechanisms and analyze the cost associated with each. An MPI implementer can use this information to select the implementation method that is best suited (has the lowest cost) for a particular machine environment. We also report on experiments we ran on a Linux cluster and a Sun SMP to determine the gap between the performance that could be achievable and what is actually achieved with MPI.
Bovine glutamate dehydrogenase. The pH dependence of native and nitrated enzyme in the presence of allosteric modifiers.

Abstract The pH dependence of the rate of glutamate oxidation by bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase has been determined in the absence and presence of allosteric modifiers. In the range of pH 7 to 9 where the enzyme was saturated by substrate, the degree of activation by ADP or inhibition by GTP did not vary substantially with pH. The pH dependence of chicken liver glutamate dehydrogenase measured in the absence and presence of allosteric modifiers was nearly identical with that of the bovine enzyme. In studies of the bovine enzyme, nitration of tyrosine-406 had no significant effect on the activity or the pH dependence of the enzyme activity in the absence of allosteric modifier or in the presence of the activator ADP. However, nitration decreased the inhibitory effect of GTP evenly over the entire pH range and the extent of loss of GTP inhibition was dependent on the extent of nitration. It is concluded that the effect of nitration of tyrosine-406 on the loss of inhibition by GTP is to alter the relationship of the binding site of GTP to the catalytic site in a pH-independent manner. This result is probably a consequence of the introduction of the steric bulk of the nitro group into the tertiary structure of the protein.
Amide I'-II' 2D IR spectroscopy provides enhanced protein secondary structural sensitivity.

We demonstrate how multimode 2D IR spectroscopy of the protein amide I′ and II′ vibrations can be used to distinguish protein secondary structure. Polarization-dependent amide I′−II′ 2D IR experiments on poly-l-lysine in the β-sheet, α-helix, and random coil conformations show that a combination of amide I′ and II′ diagonal and cross peaks can effectively distinguish between secondary structural content, where amide I′ infrared spectroscopy alone cannot. The enhanced sensitivity arises from frequency and amplitude correlations between amide II′ and amide I′ spectra that reflect the symmetry of secondary structures. 2D IR surfaces are used to parametrize an excitonic model for the amide I′−II′ manifold suitable to predict protein amide I′−II′ spectra. This model reveals that the dominant vibrational interaction contributing to this sensitivity is a combination of negative amide II′−II′ through-bond coupling and amide I′−II′ coupling within the peptide unit. The empirically determined amide II′−II′ coupling...
Periodic Boom Forces in Dumbbell-Type Satellites Moving in a Circular Orbit

Theme T paper deals with the analysis and computation of the boom forces generated in dumbbell-type satellites which are librating in a circular orbit. Dumbbell-type satellites are defined as satellites with a configuration composed of a dumbbell and an axisymmetrical centerbody. Expressions for the boom forces occurring in libration are obtained in terms of the libration state vector. These forces are calculated for different values of the satellite inertia parameter, for some known cases of periodic libration of axisymmetrical satellites moving in a circular orbit.
Steroid myopathy. Report of five cases occurring during treatment of rheumatic fever.

Weakness developing during the administration of a variety of steroids has been reported both experimentally and clinically. The condition remains sufficiently unfamiliar to warrant an additional report of the clinical manifestations and pathologic findings as demonstrated on biopsy. Ellis1 was regularly able to produce wide-spread necrosis in skeletal muscle of rabbits by the administration of 10 mg/kg/day of cortisone acetate, for 7 to 21 days. Though severe lesions were evident pathologically at the height of the reaction, complete restitution of function was reported 6 days after the omission of cortisone. In contrast to skeletal muscle, cardiac and smooth muscle remained unaffected both functionally and histologically. Mor phologically, cortisone-induced skeletal myopathy resembled that seen in potassium deficiency, but in the latter condition necrosis occurred in cardiac muscle as well. Oral administration of potassium did not protect the animals treated with cortisone, nor did generous doses of alpha-tocopherol. No evidence of virus infection could be discovered in the animals treated with cortisone, though pathologically similar lesions have been observed in a variety of infections. Weakness incident to the treatment of various diseases by triamcinolone (9-alpha-fluoro-16 alpha-hydroxyprednisolone) has been reported.2-5 Recovery from weakness occurred in a relatively short time following the omission of the drug, or following the substitution of non-halogenated steroid, particularly methylprednisolone or prednisone in dosages thought to be pharmacologically comparable. Weakness with eletromyographic evidence of myopathy following 11 weeks of treatment of asthma with dexamethasone (9 alpha-fluoro-16 alpha methylprednisolone) in doses of 2.25 mg/day in an adult male has been reported.6
Molecular Diagnosis of Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency by Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay

In the current issue of Clinical Chemistry , Romppanen et al. (1) report a molecular screening study in a Finnish population for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency, the most common inherited disorder of fatty acid β-oxidation (2). This metabolic disorder, which is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait, can be regarded as a paradigm for inborn errors of metabolism. As seen in many other genetic disorders, a phenotypic heterogeneity frequently is expressed within the same family, ranging from sudden infant death to asymptomatic individuals (3). The disorder is one of exacerbations and remissions and was initially recognized in children with hypoketogenic hypoglycemia, Reye syndrome, and (or) liver failure, frequently resulting in severe brain damage (2). The pathophysiology of MCAD deficiency involves the inability of cells to oxidize fatty acids 4–12 carbons long. A secondary effect of the metabolic block is systemic carnitine deficiency, further compromising fatty acid metabolism. Thus, clinical attacks are precipitated during fasting or intercurrent illnesses when fat mobilization and fatty acid oxidation are induced. Biochemical markers that are diagnostic of MCAD deficiency include urine hexanoylglycine and phenylpropionylglycine (4) and plasma and urine octanoylcarnitine (5). If the disease is recognized before severe sequelae ensue, conservative treatment results in an excellent prognosis. Therapy involves anticipation and prevention of metabolic decompensation by administration of glucose-containing fluids and l-carnitine. This treatment during an impending catabolic crisis prevents the combination of severe hypoglycemia, dehydration, and metabolic acidosis that might otherwise cause death or …
Microsatellite markers for the hybridizing tiger swallowtails, Papilio glaucus and P. canadensis, and their applicability to historic specimens and congeneric species

We report the development of microsatellite markers for the sister species Papilio glaucus and P. canadensis (Papilionidae: Lepidoptera). All 16 markers displayed a high degree of variation in both species, ranging from eight to 24 alleles per locus. Substantial heterozygote deficits were observed for several loci, indicating the presence of null alleles. All markers were successfully used to genotype dried samples from a historical collection. Cross-species amplification with six additional Papilio species showed that most loci can be used to study genetic variation in other closely related species of tiger swallowtails.
Staring off into chemical space

New software to browse chemical space, with structures organized by rings, will enable chemical insight.
Social Class, School Bureaucratization and Educational Aspirations.

This study examines a possible causal relationship between social class, school organizational structure and student aspirations for further education. The data indicate a fairly sizeable relationship between the variables and the nature of that relationship is such that a process of "cooling the mark out" seems to be operating.
Changes in Soluble-N in Forest and Pasture Soils after Repeated Applications of Tannins and Related Phenolic Compounds

Tannins (produced by plants) can reduce the solubility of soil-N. However, comparisons of tannins to related non-tannins on different land uses are limited. We extracted soluble-N from forest and pasture soils (0–5 cm) with repeated applications of water (Control) or solutions containing procyanidin from sorghum, catechin, tannic acid, β-1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose (PGG), gallic acid, or methyl gallate (10 mg g−1 soil). After eight treatments, samples were rinsed with cool water (23°C) and incubated in hot water (16 hrs, 80°C). After each step, the quantity of soluble-N and extraction efficiency compared to the Control was determined. Tannins produced the greatest reductions of soluble-N with stronger effects on pasture soil. Little soluble-N was extracted with cool water but hot water released large amounts in patterns influenced by the previous treatments. The results of this study indicate hydrolyzable tannins like PGG reduce the solubility of labile soil-N more than condensed tannins like sorghum procyanidin (SOR) and suggest tannin effects will vary with land management. Because they rapidly reduce solubility of soil-N and can also affect soil microorganisms, tannins may have a role in managing nitrogen availability and retention in agricultural soils.
Effect of smoothing by spectral dispersion on flow induced laser beam deflection: The random phase modulation scheme

Analytical results are presented for the effect of random phase modulated smoothing by spectral dispersion on flow induced laser beam deflection. It is shown that in the limit of a large number of color cycles, Ncc, the effect is identical to that of the induced spatial incoherence method of temporal smoothing. For small Ncc, the beam deflection rate may be significantly larger in the direction perpendicular to the dispersion, than in the parallel direction.
Template-directed organic synthesis. A model for the peptidyl transfer reaction of protein biosynthesis

Abstract The effects of polynucleotide templates on the self-condensations in water and in pyridine of 2′ (and 3′)- O -glycyladenosine, 2′ (and 3′)- O -glycyluridine, and 5′-glycyladenylate were studied. Poly(U) template was found to have a favorable effect on the self-condensations of glycine esters of adenosine and adenylate in both media.
The actual complexity of parallel evaluation of low degree polynomials

We consider several sequential and parallel algorithms for the evaluation of polynomials of low degree, with particular emphasis on those that are used frequently in computer graphics. A complete accounting of computation times for the speedup and efficiency of these algorithms is reported. The results are compared to standard estimates of these quantities for single and multi-processors using classical complexity theory. A simulator which is configurable to several parallel architectures is used to provide validation of the results obtained.
Reduction of the Kogut-Susskind fermion determinant

It is shown for Euclidean Kogut-Susskind lattice fermions coupled to non-Abelian gauge fields how the associated determinant of a space-time square matrix can be reexpressed as a determinant of a space square matrix. A numerical scheme is outlined that updates the determinant exactly and thus extends the method of Blankenbecler, Scalapino, and Sugar to Euclidean-invariant gauge theories.
The relationship between variability, distance from target, and firm size: A test of prospect theory in the commercial banking industry

Abstract This study analyzes accounting rates of return and capital ratios and the variability of these measures for 142 U.S. commercial banks over the period 1970 through 1989. Fishburn's measure of risk and Kahneman and Tversky's prospect theory are tested in this context. This study contributes to the existing literature (1) by testing for a relationship between outcome variability, distance from target , and firm size , and (2) by examining alternative target mechanisms in the commercial banking industry. Time series medians of return on assets ( MEROA ), return on equity ( MEROE ), and primary capital ratio ( MEPCR ) form the basis of the study. Cross-sectional medians of these values ( MEDMROA, MEDMROE , and MEDMPCR ) are used as target outcomes. Distance from target is defined as the difference between individual bank median and target outcome ( MEROA — MEDMROA ), ( MEROE- MEDMROE ), and ( MEPCR — MEDMPCR )). Firm size for each bank is measured by the natural logarithm of (time series) median total asset value. In a series of cross-sectional regressions, standard deviation of individual bank measures is the dependent variable and distance from target and firm size are the independent variables. Both above and below target, firm size is not consistently related to outcome variability. Below target, the results confirm Fishburn's measure of risk and prospect theory. The evidence further suggests that rates of return may be the operative target outcomes. Above target, the results are not as strong and there is less consistency with prospect theory predictions.
FcRn-mediated intestinal absorption of IgG anti-IgE/IgE immune complexes in mice

Background The mechanism(s) responsible for the acquisition of maternal antibody isotypes other than IgG are not fully understood. Objective To define the ability of the neonatal Fc receptor for IgG uptake (FcRn) to mediate intestinal absorption of IgG1 anti-IgE/IgE immune complexes. Methods C57BL/6 allergic ovalbumin (OVA)-immune foster mothers were generated to nurse naive FcRn+/− or FcRn−/− progeny. At the time of weaning, serum levels of OVA-specific antibodies and IgG1 anti-IgE/IgE immune complexes were determined in allergic foster mothers and FcRn+/+, FcRn+/−, or FcRn−/− breastfed offspring. In separate experiments, FcRn+/− or FcRn−/− neonatal mice were gavage fed TNP-specific IgE as IgG1 anti-IgE/IgE immune complexes, IgG1 isotype control and IgE, or IgE alone. Mice were killed 2 h after feeding to determine serum levels and biological activity of absorbed TNP-specific IgE. Results As expected, the absorption of maternal OVA-specific IgG1 in FcRn−/− offspring was at levels 103-104 less than observed in FcRn+/+ or FcRn+/− offspring. Surprisingly, FcRn expression also influenced the absorption of maternal IgE. OVA-specific IgE was detected in FcRn+/+ and FcRn+/−offspring, but not in FcRn−/− offspring. IgG1 anti-IgE/IgE immune complexes were detected in allergic foster mothers and correlated strongly with levels in FcRn+/+ and FcRn+/− offspring (ρ = 0.88, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, FcRn expression was required for neonatal mice to absorb TNP-specific IgE when fed as IgG1 anti-IgE/IgE immune complexes. When immune complexes were generated with IgG1 anti-IgE directed against the Ce4 domain, the absorbed IgE was able to function in antigen-dependent basophil degranulation. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance These data demonstrate a novel mechanism by which FcRn may facilitate absorption of maternal antibodies other than IgG. These findings are clinically relevant because FcRn mediates the transplacental passage of maternal IgG to the fetus. This raises the possibility that FcRn could mediate the transplacental passage of maternal IgE as IgG anti-IgE/IgE immune complexes.
Reforms with a Female Face: Gender, Liberalization, and Economic Policy in Andhra Pradesh, India

Summary The state of Andhra Pradesh, India, provides a case study of a liberalization program with an emphasis on women’s empowerment. Based on the state budget data and fieldwork data from two villages, this paper investigates the content of this policy regime to argue that women’s empowerment policies were ultimately constrained by the policy context of liberalization. The state lowered shares of expenditure upon social reproduction and the substantive content of women’s empowerment policy was reduced to a thrift and micro-credit program. Fieldwork data indicate, the latter lacks administrative support and relies upon the expenditure of time and resources by participants themselves, re-emphasizing class and caste inequalities among women and undermining the broader project of empowerment.
Cilia regeneration in Stentor: inhibition, delay and abnormalities induced by griseofulvin.

SYNOPSIS. Stentor coeruleus were experimentally induced to shed their membranellar bands (MB), structures consisting of rows of cilia and their basal bodies. Control stentors entirely regenerate their MB's within 8-10 hours according to a well-known pattern. Stentors replaced in medium containing the fungicide and mitotic spindle inhibitor griseofulvin (10-5M) could be reversibly inhibited from regeneration for about 3 to more than 24 hours. If griseofulvin-inhibited cells were removed and washed, they regenerated like the controls. After about one day in 10-5M griseofulvin and at lower concentrations stentors eventually regenerated in the presence of the drug, but abnormally. Normal unshed stentors show certain minor cytological effects and are unable to divide in griseofulvin (10-5M); however, they can be maintained swimming actively for several weeks in nonlethal concentrations of the drug. Altho some induced abnormalities persist after removal from griseofulvin, all washed cells eventually revert to normal.
Balanced delay trees and combinatorial division in VLSI

Three floating-point arithmetic chips have been implemented in 1.5-/spl mu/m NMOS technology utilizing several novel circuit designs. The theories behind two of these are presented. A method is presented for constructing balanced delay trees that have a better area-time product than binary trees; one important application of these trees is in the construction of fast multipliers. Also presented is a technique for doing redundant digital division that lends itself to implementation in combinatorial VLSI.
A phase II study of triazinate (NSC 139105) in advanced colorectal carcinoma.

Triazinate (Baker's Antifol, NSC 139105) was given to 28 patients as a single agent in the chemotherapy of advanced colerectal carcinoma. The dosage utilized was 250 mg/m2 intravenously, administered daily in three consecutive days. Patients were evaluated at three weeks, six weeks, and then monthly until progression was evident. Various immunologic determinants (i.e., DNCB sensitization, immunoglobulins, recall skin tests, lymphocyte blastogenesis, and circulating lymphocytes, T-cells and B-cells) were obtained prior to treatment and at each re-evaluation. The principal side effects were dermatitis, stomatitis, diarrhea, nausea, somnolence, and leukopenia. There was no discernable effect of Triazinate on the immunologic determinants tested. There was one complete response, and four partial responses, for an objective regression rate of 18%. This study suggests that Triazinate has a definite, though limited, effect on advanced colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 40:9–13, 1977.
Topography aware DFM rule based scoring for silicon yield modeling

DFM rule based scoring is associated with manufacturability rules checking and applying the scoring to predict the yield entitlement for an IC chip design. Achieving high DFM score is one of the key requirements to get high yield. The DFM scoring methodology is currently limited to DFM recommend rules and their associated failure rates. In contrast to failure mechanism, chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) step topography variations places an important role to it. In this paper, we present an advanced DFM analysis flow to compute DFM score that incorporate topography variation along with recommend rule scoring using complex scoring model to increase silicon yield correlation.
RENAL-HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES IN HYPOXEMIC NORMOCARBIC PIGLETS

Hypoxemia has been reported to induce a decrease or an increase in renal function depending on various factors. This study assessed some hemodynamic and renal functions in hypoxemic neonatal pigs maintained at a normal PaC02. These results were compared with those of a similar study (Rowe, M.I., Strauss, J.; Pediatr. Res. 7:411/183, 1973) in which PaCO2 and PaO2 were decreased. Eleven piglets anesthetized with pentobarbital and mechanically ventilated were studied for a control period of 60 min. at a mean PaO2 of 76.1 (range 60-96) mmHg and after 60 min. ventilation with 10-12% 02 to attain a mean PaO2 of 33.4 (range 24-51) mmHg. The following increases were documented after 60 min. of hypoxemia; cardiac output, from 0.72 to 0.85 L/min; mean arterial blood pressure from 102.5 to 117 mmHg; urine volume from 0.027 to 0.063 ml/min/kg. Arterial blood pH decreased from 7.450 to 7.392. All changes were significant at p <0.05. These urinary results are similar to those obtained in piglets under Ketamine anesthesia, breathing spontaneously 10% 02, and whose PaC02 decreased markedly but whose cardiovascular variables were unchanged. It is concluded that hypoxemia induces a diuresis and natriuresis in piglets independent of changes in PaCO2, cardiac output or mean arterial blood pressure.
Update and recorrelation of soil surveys using gis and statistical analysis

The introduction of U.S. soil taxonomy and the increased pressure on land use and development has generated the need to update soil surveys that were published before 1965. A portion of a pre-1965 soil survey from Montgomery county in Alabama was selected to evaluate an update approach using geographic information system (GIS) and statistical analysis. The update included map recompilation, correlation, interpretation, and presentation methods. Sampling points were identified with a stratified random sampling and data obtained at each point were analyzed by traditional statistical methods. The taxonomic accuracy was 75 to 83% at a confidence level of 90%. Interpretative reliability was 90 to 95% for dwellings without basements, 95 to 98% for septic tank absorption fields, and 93 to 98% for local roads and streets. Updating old soil surveys by using GIS technology and statistical evaluation can produce a quality soil survey that meets or exceeds National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) standards. Using this method, an experienced soil scientist can update, recorrelate, and recompile 40 180 ha (100 000 acres) yr -1 . This is an increase in production of 22 090 to 24 100 ha (55 000-60 000 acres) or 120 to 150% compared with conventional remapping methods.
Mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal host growth in response to changes in pH and P concentration in a manganiferous oxisol

Glomus aggregatum and Leucaena leucocephala were allowed to interact in a manganese-rich oxisol at pH 4.3–6.0 and at soil P concentrations considered optimal for mycorrhizal host growth and sufficient for nonmycorrhizal host growth. At 0.02 mg P l-1, vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (VAMF) colonization of roots increased as soil pH increased from 4.3 to 5.0. However, VAMF colonization of roots did not respond to further increases in pH. At pH 6.0, growth of mycorrhizal Leucaena observed at 0.02 mg P was comparable with that observed at 0.8 mg P l-1. Increasing P concentration from 0.02 to 0.8 mg P 1-1 increased target soil pH from 4.3 to 4.7 and reduced the concentration of available soil Mn from 15.1 to 1.9 mg 1-1. Thus, the normal plant growth observed at the higher P concentration at pH<5 was mainly due to the alleviation of Mn toxicity as a result of its precipitation by excess P. VAMF colonization levels observed at pH 5.0–6.0 were similar, but maximal plant growth occurred at pH 6.0, suggesting that the optimal pH for mycorrhizal formation was substantially lower than for VAMF effectiveness. The poor growth of Leucaena at the lower P concentration in the unlimed soil was largely due to high concentrations of Mn2+ and H+ ions.
Achieving color constancy across multiple cameras

NOTE FROM ACM: It has been determined that this article plagiarized the contents of a previously published paper. Therefore ACM has shut off access to this paper.This article has been removed from the ACM Digital Library because it was found to plagiarize an earlier work written by Ilie and Welch published by IEEE and entitled Ensuring Color Consistency across Multiple Cameras. Upon discovering the plagiarism, Peter Bajcsy reported it to ACM.For further information, contact the ACM Director of Publications.
OnabotulinumtoxinA in Pediatric Chronic Daily Headache

Chronic migraine occurs in about 3% of pediatric headaches. Many would be intractable to more than two preventive medications. OnabotulinumtoxinA has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the use of chronic migraine in adults in 2010. Data on effectiveness and tolerability in the pediatric population are very limited. The study described in this article is a retrospective review of available data of all patients who received OnabotulinumtoxinA for chronic migraine in a large pediatric headache center from 2004 to 2010. Botox is recommended to any pediatric patient coming to the multidisciplinary clinic for chronic headache if they fail two or more preventive medications. This study showed a major change in the frequency of the headache with a statistical difference in the improvement of headache days per month. There was a 30-point drop in the pediatric disability scoring between first injection and follow-up injection with a change from severe disability to moderate disability.
High-level falls: type and severity of injuries and survival outcome according to age.

Background:High-level falls are associated with multiple injuries and are often difficult to evaluate. Age may be an important factor determining the anatomic distribution and severity of injuries and outcome. There is little work published on this subject. Our objective was to evaluate the effect o
Proximate analysis of five varieties of winged beans, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC*

Summary The proximate composition was determined for the mature seeds of five varieties of winged beans, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. The results showed that the varieties analyzed had a high protein and fat content, which was similar to soybeans. The protein content (mean ± standard deviation) of the five varieties as received was 36.0 ± 1.8%, the fat content, 15.2 ± 1.2% and the moisture content 10.4 ± 1.5%. The endosperm in winged bean variety TPT-2 was found to constitute 84% of the dry weight of the seeds, the hulls about 16%. Whole beans as received contain about 14%‘dietary fibre’ measured as neutral detergent fibre. The dietary fibre is concentrated in the hulls.
Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) paleosols in Trans-Pecos Texas

Fluvial flood-plain deposits of the upper Aguja, Javelina, and El Picacho Formations in Brewster and Presidio Counties of West Texas record multiple episodes of soil formation during Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) time. These well-differentiated alluvial paleosols are characterized by pale gray leached (albic) A horizons and purple or red, clay-and iron oxide-enriched (cambic, argillic) B horizons. These characteristics indicate that podzolization and lessivage were important pedogenic processes and suggest that these paleosols are comparable to some modern AI-fisols. Texturally diverse accumulations of calcite nodules, coalesced masses of nodules, rhizocretions, and thin discontinuous hard-pans indicate that calichification also occurred. The extreme development of the petrocalcic horizons, partial silicification, association with sulfate minerals, and high position within the soil profiles indicate that calichification was in many cases not con-temporaneous with iron and clay illuviation. The compound paleosols thus formed indicate that the Maastrichtian climate in this region may have fluctuated between regimes of humid and semiarid character, each at least several thousand years in duration. This inferred long-term climatic cyclicity may correspond to climatically induced sedimentation cycles observed in the marine realm that are ascribed to Milankovitch cycles. Fossil wood suggests that the flood-plain paleosols supported coniferous forests, whereas adjacent stream courses were lined by angiosperm woodlands.
Contribution to bacterial mutagenicity from nitro-pah compounds in ambient aerosols

Abstract To demonstrate a method for the identification of mutagenic components in organic fractions of ambient aerosols, the mutagenic activity was studied in samples collected simultaneously for six consecutive days during the summer of 1931 at an urban site and a suburban site in southeast Michigan. The filter samples were extracted with dichloromethane and fractionated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) into sixteen fractions. The individual TLC fractions were then examined by the Ames test using tester strains TA98, TA98NR and TA98DNP 6 . Similar daily variations in the activity and the mutagenicity profiles of the TLC fractions occurred at both sites. In samples collected from both locations, approximately half of the mutagenic activity was found in the four most polar fractions of the particulate extracts. The remaining mutagenic activity was distributed among the less polar fractions where PAH, nitro-PAH and dinitro-PAH would be eluted. The mutagenic activity in all fractions decreased sharply when tested with two nitroreductase deficient tester strains, TA98NR and TA98DNP 6 , indicating that the mutagens (especially those in the polar fractions) were nitro-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. Three nitro compounds, 1-nitropyrene, 1,6-dinitropyrene and 1,8-dinitropyrene were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) but could account for no more than 3% of the total airborne mutagenicity. A National Bureau of Standards' Ambient Particulate Sample (SRM No. 1649), collected for a long sampling period of 18 months, differed markedly from the urban and suburban Michigan samples in its mutagenicity profile.
Particle mixing rates in deep-sea sediments determined from excess 210Pb and 32Si profiles

Particle mixing rates have been determined for 5 South Atlantic/Antarctic and 3 equatorial Pacific deep-sea cores using excess 210 Pb and 32 Si measurements. Radionuclide profiles from these siliceous, calcareous, and clay-rich sediments have been evaluated using a steady state vertical advection diffusion model. In Antarctic siliceous sediments 210 Pb mixing coefficients (0.04–0.16 cm 2 /y) are in reasonable agreement with the 32 Si mixing coefficient (0.2 or 0.4 cm 2 /y, depending on 32 Si half-life). In an equatorial Pacific sediment core, however, the 210 Pb mixing coefficient (0.22 cm 2 /y) is 3–7 times greater than the 32 Si mixing coefficient (0.03 or 0.07 cm 2 /y). The difference in 210 Pb and 32 Si mixing rates in the Pacific sediments results from: (1) non-steady state mixing and differences in characteristic time and depth scales of the two radionuclides, (2) preferential mixing of fine-grained clay particles containing most of the 210 Pb activity relative to coarser particles (large radiolaria) containing the 32 Si activity, or (3) the supply of 222 Rn from the bottom of manganese nodules which increases the measured excess 210 Pb activity (relative to 226 Ra) at depth and artificially increases the 210 Pb mixing coefficient. Based on 32 Si data and pore water silica profiles, dissolution of biogenic silica in the sediment column appears to have a minor effect on the 32 Si profile in the mixed layer. Deep-sea particle mixing rates reported in this study and the literature do not correlate with sediment type, sediment accumulation rate, or surface productivity. Based on differences in mixing rate among three Antarctic cores collected within 50 km of each other, local variability in the intensity of deep-sea mixing appears to be as important as regional differences in sediment properties.