cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases.

In 1971, the author reported 22 children with multiple pulmonary metastases from osteosarcoma. Six of these 22 (27%) were alive and well 10 to 15 years later. Two of the six developed new different tumors. Since these patients with multiple pulmonary metastases did well with aggressive multiple thoracotomies, the author treated numerous other patients with pulmonary metastases from various diseases. In general, patients with multiple pulmonary metastases have the same curability as those with solitary metastases, i.e., approximately a 27% 5-year survival rate.
Note---A Note on Multivariate Risk and Separable Utility Functions

Richard [Richard, Scott F. 1975. Multivariate risk aversion utility independence and separable utility function. Management Sci.22 1 12--21.] derived a number of results on multivariate risk for sufficiently regular utility functions. The results generalize to quite arbitrary utility functions.
Achievement, Affiliation, and Power Motivation in Adolescents

364 adolescents from a stable, homogeneous community were tested for the relationships among age, sex, and amount of achievement, affiliation, and power motivation. Findings indicate that power motivation increases in later adolescence and females have more affiliation motivation than males. The three motives were apparently unrelated.
Demonstration of 1Kx1K long-wave and mid-wave superlattice infrared focal plane arrays

Jet Propulsion Laboratory is actively developing the III-V based infrared detector and focal plane arrays (FPAs) for remote sensing and imaging applications. Currently, we are working on Superlattice detectors, multi-band Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIPs), and Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetector (QDIPs) technologies suitable for high pixel-pixel uniformity and high pixel operability large area imaging arrays. In this paper, we will discuss the demonstration of long-wavelength 1Kx1K QDIP FPA, 1Kx1K QWIP FPA, the first demonstration of the megapixelsimultaneously- readable and pixel-co-registered dual-band QWIP FPA, and demonstration of the first mid-wave and long-wave 1Kx1K superlattice FPA. In addition, we will discuss the advantages of III-V material system in the context of large format infrared FPAs.
Susceptibility of myelomonocytic leukemia U937 cells to the induction of apoptosis by the non-peptidic Bcl-2 ligand HA14-1 is cell cycle phase-dependent

Pharmacological approaches employing agents that bind to the Bcl-2 surface pocket have been used successfully to neutralize the activities of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, and induce apoptosis. Several reports suggest that Bcl-2 expression/function is cell cycle-dependent. Hence, is killing by Bcl-2 surface pocket binding agents also cell cycle-dependent? In the current study, centrifugal elutriation was used to generate cell cycle phase-enriched preparations of the human myelomonocytic leukemia cell line U937. Elutriated fractions were treated with sub-optimal cytotoxic concentrations of the pro-apoptotic, non-peptidic Bcl-2 pocket-binding agent HA14-1. A concentration of HA14-1 sufficient to kill ∼30–35% of asynchronous cultures minimally affected the progressions of elutriated post-checkpoint G1, S, G2/M phase cells, but completely suppressed the progression of pre-G1 checkpoint G1 cells. Analyses of trypan blue exclusion, morphology, nuclear condensation, mitochondrial membrane potential, sub-diploid DNA contents, and caspase-3 indicated preferential killing and induction of apoptosis in pre-G1 checkpoint G1 and G2/M phase cells.
Recontextualizing ideologies about social difference in New York Spanish-language newspaper advertising

Abstract This article considers how group-related notions of difference are advertised in the popular Spanish-language newspaper El Diario . Research on Hispanic Americans more generally has shown how identity formations occur through notions of imagined group pan-ethnicities vis-a-vis associations with particular nationalities of origin. This article adds to this research through analyzing how linguistic signs and virtual figures in El Diario ’s advertisements craft figures of personhood that contrast other groups with a working class, Spanish-speaking consumer in order to sell products. I also analyze advertisements for similar products and services in the New York Post to show how such strategies change across newspapers.
Attachment of fullerenes to materials: The importance of backbone-fullerene interactions

Abstract Fullerenes undergo Diels-Alder reactions with a number of polymer-supported diene functions. To probe the importance of interactions between the polymer support and the fullerene, we have synthesized hydrophobic (polymer) and hydrophilic (silica) supported furans and cyclopentadienes. Cyclopentadiene reacts efficiently with fullerenes with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic supports. In contrast, supported furans are much more reactive when linked to hydrophobic supports. This indicates the importance of secondary interactions in the creation of these materials.
Phantasmidine: an epibatidine congener from the ecuadorian poison frog Epipedobates anthonyi.

The skin of the Ecuadorian poison frog Epipedobates anthonyi contains the potent nicotinic agonists epibatidine (1) and N-methylepibatidine (3). In addition, a condensed tetracyclic epibatidine congener has been identified with activity at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, but different selectivity than epibatidine. This rigid tetracycle has been named phantasmidine (4). Phantasmidine has a molecular formula of C11H11N2OCl, shares a chloropyridine moiety with 1, and also contains furan, pyrrolidine, and cyclobutane rings. A combination of GC-MS and GC-FTIR analysis with on-column derivatization, 1D NMR spectroscopy with selective irradiation, and spectral simulation, along with 2D NMR, were used to elucidate the structure from a total sample of ∼20 μg of HPLC-purified 4 and its corresponding acetamide (5). After synthesis, this novel rigid agonist may serve as a selective probe for β4-contaning nicotinic receptors and potentially lead to useful pharmaceuticals.
Demonstration of optical microfluidics

We demonstrate a novel method for the control of small droplets using laser-based heating. Temperature dependent interfacial surface tensions were the primary force used to move droplets. With this approach, ~1.7 μL to 14 pL droplets were moved on a bare, unmodified polystyrene surface, at speeds of up to 3 mm/s. Upon contact, droplets spontaneously fused and rapidly mixed within 33 ms. We performed an optical absorption-based protein assay using horseradish peroxidase and a chromogenic substrate (ABTS), and readily detected as little as ~125 attomoles of reacting enzyme.
Questionable evidence of natural warming of the northwestern United States

Johnstone and Mantua (1) claim that changes in atmospheric circulation were the primary cause of the observed warming of sea surface temperature around the northeastern Pacific margins and surface air temperature (SAT) in Northern California, Oregon, and Washington from 1901 to 2012. The results of Johnstone and Mantua’s report contradict our previous finding (2) that anthropogenic forcing was the leading contributor to century-scale warming in the northwestern United States. Johnstone and Mantua’s results (1) are potentially important; however, we suspect that their results depend on the choice of sea-level pressure (SLP) data, as their conclusions are predicated on a long-term decrease in SLP over the northeastern Pacific.
An attempt to relate test anxiety and Palmar Sweat Index

Forty-seven female Ss completed the Mandler-Sarason Test Anxiety Scale (MSTAS), a rating of apprehension in an experimental situation, and were administered the Palmar Sweat Index (PSI), in the experimental situation. Self-ratings of apprehension and MSTAS were significantly correlated, but neither of these were found to correlate with PSI. Items from MSTAS asking about sweating also were not correlated with PSL Results were discussed in terms of the criticisms of previous attempts at relating verbal and nonverbal indices of anxiety.
Calculation of Redox Potentials and pKa Values of Hydrated Transition Metal Cations by a Combined Density Functional and Continuum Dielectric Theory

Density functional and continuum dielectric theories have been combined to calculate molecular properties such as hydration enthalpies, redox potentials, and absolute pKa values of transition metal cations in solution. The discrete cluster model, which is treated explicitly by density functional theory, includes six waters in the first hydration shell and another twelve waters in the second shell. The solvent reaction field is obtained from a finite-difference solution to the Poisson−Boltzmann equation and is coupled to the nonlocal density functional calculation in a self-consistent way. The calculated hydration enthalpies are 409, 1073, 431, and 1046 kcal/mol for Mn2+, Mn3+, Fe2+, and Fe3+, respectively, comparing fairly well to the experimental measurements of 440, 1087, 465, and 1060 kcal/mol. The calculated redox potentials for the Mn2+/Mn3+ and Fe2+/Fe3+ pairs are 1.59 and 1.06 V, respectively, in good agreement with the experimental values of 1.56 and 0.77 V. The computed absolute pKa values, 14.0,...
Low-Thrust Spacecraft Formation Keeping

Replacing large and costly satellites with formations of smaller satellites, flying in close proximity, is a current subject of interest. One of the keys to successful formation flying is the control system that maintains the formation geometry and provides proper positioning of each member of the formation. This study compares two active control system designs that can be used to maintain a formation composed of microsatellites with limited on-off thrusting capabilities in low Earth orbit. The two evaluated designs are based on a linear approach using optimal control theory and on a nonlinear approach based on Lyapunov stability concepts. In assessing the effectiveness of each controller, the performance criteria were the accuracy with which the formation is maintained and the propellant consumption. The final selection is a tradeoff between fuel consumption and controller robustness based on model uncertainties. Nomenclature amrs = semimajor axis of leader orbit Co = controllability matrix e3 = unit vector fixed in the Earth along the direction of the north pole axis Fx , Fy, Fz = components of the control force along the rotating x, y, and z axes, respectively f = control force vector (force applied by the onboard propulsion system) J = cost function associated with the optimal control J2 = Earth oblateness harmonic coefficient Kglobal, = positive gains associated with the nonlinear
Case Study of Overlay Performance on Rigid Pavement in Bowie County, Texas

A case study of flexible overlay performance on an old rigid pavement is presented. This special study was devised in cooperation with the Pavement Section of the Design Division of the Texas Department of Transportation to take advantage of a unique opportunity to study overlay effectiveness. Condition survey, roughness measurements, and deflection basins were taken before and after the removal of an old flexible overlay and after the construction of a new asphalt overlay. Subsequent analysis of the data shows that although the overlay restores the ride quality of a rigid pavement and eliminates dynamic loading caused by swelling subgrades, it can only slow, not reverse, fatigue in the underlying pavement structure.
Comprehensive Examinations for the B.D. Degree

PERHAPS no other single tool is so useful in helping the student to realize the fundamental unity of the educational program as the comprehensive examination. Education, as we are now coming to see more clearly than ever before, is never merely a sum total of courses completed or credits earned. At the very least it is a sense of the interrelatedness of the various subjects of study as aspects of a whole. Theological education, like that in most other specialized fields, has commonly suffered from curricular atomism. That individual instructors, themselves guided by a synoptic grasp of the field as a whole, can provide the greatest help in meeting the need is clear; certainly no type of testing tool can altogether compensate for synoptic deficiency in the teacher. The comprehensive type of examination, however, places the responsibility for achieving such an over-all grasp upon the student himself. It reminds him that cross references between courses are indispensable, that some of the most critical problems cannot even be approached without the help of all relevant disciplines, that questions raised in one course can often not be adequately answered without materials and methods from other courses.
Synovial hemangioma of the hip joint in a pediatric patient.

Hemangiomas of the articular synovium are rare and commonly associated with recurrent joint swelling and painful limitation of motion. The knee joint is the most commonly involved site, with most patients diagnosed in the second to third decade of life [1]. Although over 200 cases have been reported in the English-language medical literature, only three have originated within the hip joint, all of which were in adult patients reported in the surgical literature [2–4]. We describe a histologically proven synovial hemangioma of the hip joint in a pediatric patient that invaded the femur, acetabulum, and adjacent soft tissues, with a detailed discussion of the differential diagnosis based on the radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.
Integral estimation from point cloud in d-dimensional space: a geometric view

Integration over a domain, such as a Euclidean space or a Riemannian manifold, is a fundamental problem across scientific fields. Many times, the underlying domain is only accessible through a discrete approximation, such as a set of points sampled from it, and it is crucial to be able to estimate integral in such discrete settings. In this paper, we study the problem of estimating the integral of a function defined over a k-submanifold embedded in $d$-dimensional space, from its function values at a set of sample points. Previously, such estimation is usually obtained in a statistical setting, where input data is typically assumed to be drawn from certain probabilistic distribution. Our paper is the first to consider this important problem of estimating integral from point clouds data (PCD) under the more general non-statistical setting, and provide certain theoretical guarantees. Our approaches consider the problem from a geometric point of view. Specifically, we estimate the integral by computing a weighted sum, and propose two weighting schemes: the Voronoi and the Principle Eigenvector schemes. The running time of both methods depends mostly on the intrinsic dimension of the underlying manifold, instead of on the ambient dimensions. We show that the estimation based on the Voronoi scheme converges to the true integral under the so-called (e, δ)-sampling condition with explicit error bound presented. This is the first result of this sort for estimating integral from general PCD. For the Principle Eigenvector scheme, although no theoretical guarantee is established, we present its connection to the Heat diffusion operator, and illustrate justifications behind its construction. Experimental results show that both new methods consistently produce more accurate integral estimations than common statistical methods under various sampling conditions.
DJ-1 ameliorates ischemic cell death in vitro possibly via mitochondrial pathway.

DJ-1 is an important redox-reactive neuroprotective protein implicated in regulation of oxidative stress after ischemia. However the molecular mechanism, especially the mitochondrial function, by which DJ-1 protects neuronal cells in stroke remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to reveal whether DJ-1 translocates into the mitochondria in exerting neuroprotection against an in vitro model of stroke. Human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) were initially exposed to oxygen–glucose deprivation and reperfusion injury, and thereafter, DJ-1 translocation was measured by immunocytochemistry and its secretion by hNPCs was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Exposure of hNPCs to experimental stroke injury resulted in DJ-1 translocation into the mitochondria. Moreover, significant levels of DJ-1 protein were secreted by the injured hNPCs. Our findings revealed that DJ-1 principally participates in the early phase of stroke involving the mitochondrial pathway. DJ-1 was detected immediately after stroke and efficiently translocated into the mitochondria offering a new venue for developing treatment strategies against ischemic stroke.
Hierarchical structure of participation in natural groups

The meeting minutes of the ECOSOC Council of the UN, as a small natural group, were content analyzed to reveal the frequency of participation of the Council's delegates. Three different methods of coding yielded a very high correlation in ranking the order of frequency of participation among the delegates. The rank order of frequency of participation was used to test the exponential model of the distribution of group participation described by Stephan and Mishler (1952), and further formalized by Horvath (1965). The results did not fit the model statistically and the residual trend seemed to persist even after the modification of the model. It was speculated that the model may not be appropriate for a small group of relatively large size. However, for one parameter model, given the magnitude of the errors, it does not do badly at all.
Synthesis of superlow-friction carbon films from highly hydrogenated methane plasmas☆

In this study, we investigated the friction and wear performance of diamond-like carbon films (DLC) derived from increasingly hydrogenated methane plasmas. The films were deposited on steel substrates by a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process at room temperature and the tribological tests were performed in dry nitrogen. Tests results revealed a close correlation between the hydrogen in the source gas plasma and the friction and wear coefficients of the DLC films. Specifically, films grown in plasmas with higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratios had much lower friction coefficients and wear rates than did films derived from source gases with lower hydrogen-to-carbon ratios. The lowest friction coefficient (0.003) was achieved with a film derived from 25% methane, 75% hydrogen, while a relatively high coefficient of 0.015 was found for films derived from pure methane. Similar correlations were observed for wear rates. Films derived from hydrogen-rich plasmas had the least wear, while films derived from pure methane suffered the highest wear. We used a combination of surface analytical methods to characterize the structure and chemistry of the DLC films and worn surfaces.
Tradeoffs for multitrate controller design and exact comparisons with single-rate control

Linear controller design as a convex optimization problem is addressed. For a simple plant, with two robustness measures and a root mean square noise merit figure, C. Barratt and S. Boyd (ibid., vol.9, no.1, pp. 46-51, Jan 1989) used convex optimization to compute performance tradeoff curves showing the best performance achievable with any linear single-rate digital controller. Linear multirate performance tradeoff curves are given for the same simple plant using convex optimization and the theory of multirate lifts. The performance differences that can be obtained with multirate sampling are illustrated, making a simple exact comparison between multirate and single-rate sampling possible. >
Personalized Cell Transfer Immunotherapy for B-Cell Malignancies and Solid Cancers

Two independent groups have now corroborated and extended our earlier report1 that the administration of autologous cells transduced with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting the CD19 molecule could eradicate CD19+ B-lineage cells in humans and was associated with the regression of advanced follicular lymphoma.2,3,4 These studies have opened opportunities to tailor the genetic modification of autologous lymphocytes with receptors suitable for antigens presented on a patient’s unique cancer and thus personalize cancer immunotherapy.
Periodontal observations in twins.

Twenty-six groups of twins, with ages ranging from 12–17 years, were examined in this study. Seven sets of twins were monozygous and nineteen sets were dyzygous. The following observations were made on each set using a modification of the Ramfjord Periodontal Index: 1. Gingival recession was measured with a Williams-Fox probe. 2. Crevicular depth was measured using a Williams-Fox probe. Six measurements were made for each tooth on the mesial, distal, facial and lingual aspects. 3. Gingival health around each of six teeth (as outlined by Ramfjord) was scored on the basis of the degree of inflammation. 4. Supragingival calculus was scored on the basis of the amount of deposit. 5. Dental plaque was scored on the basis of amount of stainable plaque. The determination as to whether the twins were monozygous or dyzygous was based on an examination of blood factors. If any difference was noted, the set was considered to be dyzygous. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: (a) No evidence was found to support the concept that gingival recession or gingival crevice depth is an inherited characteristic. (b) No significant difference was found between both groups for the gingival score, calculus score, and plaque score.
Hyperglycaemia due to insulin resistance caused by interferon‐γ

Marked hyperglycaemia (30.9 mmol l(-1)) during interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) therapy for asymptomatic recurrent renal cancer as multiple lung metastases in a 52-year-old man is described. Although the involvement of IFN-gamma has been reported in the development of autoimmune diabetes, in this case, antibodies against pancreatic beta-cells including anti-islet cell antibody (ICA) and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody were negative. Moreover, serum level of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) (11 microU ml(-1) at fasting) and urinary excretion of C-peptide (108 microg day(-1), reference range: 20-130) suggested insulin resistance, supported by results of insulin tolerance tests. With insulin therapy and cessation of IFN-gamma, fasting blood glucose concentration returned to 6.2 mmol l(-1), and insulin therapy was discontinued. The injection of IFN-gamma may cause hyperglycaemia because of insulin resistance, rather than beta-cell injury.
Automatic Controls for Nonlinear Dynamical Systems with Lipschitzian Trajectories

Abstract We would like to investigate on the solution to the automatic control problem given by the differential equation y ′( t ) = f ( t , y ( t ), w ( t )) for a given initial function x in the initial domain D ( x , ω, Y ) for almost all t in the interval I , with controls given by w ( t ) = g ( t , y ( t ), T ( y )( t )), where T is a nonanticipating and Lipschitzian operator. The result will be generalized for a dynamical system y ′( t ) = f ( t , y ( t ), T ( y ), u ( t )).
Comparison of His and GST tagged versions of recombinant pancreatitis associated protein 2 in modulation of inflammatory responses

Objective and design Pancreatitis associated proteins (PAP) are highly upregulated in acute pancreatitis and other inflammatory states and have been shown to possess immunomodulatory properties. However, continued study of PAP has been hampered by the ability to effectively isolate appropriate amounts of protein from pancreatic juice or efficient generation of recombinant proteins. Here we describe two different methods for generating recombinant PAP2 protein (rPAP2), using either His or GST tagged bacterial methodology with comparison of function.
SU‐E‐T‐381: Experimental Measurements of 3D Dose Distribution for a Moving Target Treated with IMRT and VMAT

Purpose: Organ motion during radiotherapy may cause under‐dose of target and over‐dose on surrounding normal tissues. To investigate its effect, a phantom study was performed to assess the dosimetric uncertainty caused by organ motion during IMRT and VMAT. Methods: A motion phantom equipped with high‐precision step motor was employed to mimic organ motion in anterior‐posterior (AP) direction. A cylindrical Presage dosimeter was attached to the moving organ, in which a planning target volume (PTV=GTV+0.5cm GTV along longitudinal axis) was contoured. Multiple sets of computerize tomography(CT) data were acquired: stationary CT for the phantom without organ motion and 4‐dimensional CT (4DCT) with organ motion using two different breathing patterns. A 9‐field conventional intensity modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) plan and a partial‐arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plan were generated based on the stationary CT set. It is designed to deliver prescription doses into the PTV in the Presage dosimeter. After the phantom was setup at treatment couch, onboard CBCTimages and fluoroscopic images were taken to verify the positioning accuracy of each Presage dosimeter. The same IMRT and VMAT plans were delivered the phantom three times each with a new Presage dosimeter: one for stationary, two for different motion patterns. The irradiated Presage dosimeters were scanned using an optical scanning system and the 3D dose distributions were reconstructed from the scanned projections. The reconstructed 3D doses were compared with the calculated doses from a planning system to evaluate the delivery accuracy of each treatment. Results: DVHs measured and 2D dose distributions from Presage dosimeters showed comparable dose coverage for GTV between stationary and motion targets. Considerable dose degradation was observed for PTV of moving targets. Conclusions: Breathing‐induced motion will cause considerable loss of dose coverage of PTV for both IMRT and VMAT treatments.
Measurement of proton beam profiles

A simple and reliable method of making accurate proton beam profiles at accelerator energies is described. The profile is obtained by counting the proton-induced /sup 24/Na activity which occurs when a proton beam strikes an array of aluminum rods. (auth)
Organ and tissue safety workshop 2007: advances and challenges

A workshop in June 2005 ("Preventing Organ and Tissue Allograft-Transmitted Infection: Priorities for Public Health Intervention") identified gaps in organ and tissue safety in the US. Participants developed a series of allograft safety initiatives. "The Organ and Tissue Safety Workshop 2007: Advances and Challenges" assessed progress and identified priorities for future interventions. Awareness of the challenges of allograft-associated disease transmission has increased. The Transplantation Transmission Sentinel Network will enhance communication surrounding allograft-associated disease transmission. Other patient safety initiatives have focused on adverse event reporting and microbiologic screening technologies. Despite progress, improved recognition and prevention of donor-derived transmission events is needed. This requires systems integration across the organ and tissue transplantation communities including organ procurement organizations, eye and tissue banks, and transplant infectious disease experts. Commitment of resources and improved coordination of efforts are required to develop essential tools to enhance safety for allograft recipients.
There Is No Place Like Home: The Body as the Scene of the Crime in Sexual Assault Intervention

ABSTRACT“The body is the scene of the crime,” is an oft-repeated phrase among nurses conducting sexual assault forensic examinations. This instruction reminds nurses that the object under scrutiny, the sexually violated body, is the location and source of establishing legal evidence. The nurses' interest lies in recovering evidentiary materials towards deriving a future juridical truth and providing a means for remedy or restitution. The constitution of truth obscures how the subject comes to be at home and dwell in a world where rape occurs. This article argues that regarding the body as a crime scene is more than a rhetorical or pedagogical move made by forensic practitioners. Rather, forensic examination is constituted through rigorous and meticulous techniques that scrutinize the body of the sexually violated subject in such a way that the harming and healing capacities of the domestic are disarticulated from one another. What is at stake is the state's reliance on a notion of the domestic as a sphere...
Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope: Highlights of the GeV Sky

Because high-energy gamma rays can be produced by processes that also produce neutrinos. the gamma-ray survey of the sky by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope offers a view of potenl ial targds for neutrino observations. Gamma-ray bursts. active galactic nuclei, and supernova remnants are all sites where hadronic, neutrino-producing interactions are plausible. Pulsars, pulsar wind nebulae, and binary sources are all phenomena that reveal leptonic particle acceleration through their gamma-ray emission. \Vhile important to gamma-ray astrophysics. such sources are of less interest to neutrino studies. This talk will present a broad overview of the constantly changing sky seen with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi spacecraft.
Does It Take a Gun to the Head to Assess Problems of Volition

(1996). Does It Take a Gun to the Head to Assess Problems of Volition? Psychological Inquiry: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 72-74.
Investigation of flat bottomed spouted bed with multiple jets using DEM–CFD framework

Abstract Discrete Element Modeling (DEM) coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been used in the present study to simulate flat bottomed rectangular spouted bed with two-dimensional jets. Particle diameter of 550 μm has been investigated with single, double and triple jets, respectively, at superficial velocities of 1.6 and 3.0 times the minimum fluidization velocity. The results are validated with experimental measurements of time-averaged void fraction distribution, expanded bed height, and pressure drop. The general trends compare well with the experiments showing the potential of particle scale modeling in predicting jet dynamics and the interaction of multiple jets. Bed properties such as time averaged particle velocities, and granular temperatures are analyzed in detail. The particle velocity vectors show two distinct counter rotating vortical structures in the bed which aid mixing. In a single jet configuration, the granular temperature is highest in the jet core, whereas it is higher in the annular region for multiple jets as a result of the stronger vortices. Different measures of mixing are evaluated based on the solid horizontal flux entrained into the jet, the bed-averaged counter-current model and bed-averaged solid convection and diffusion. While solid velocity vectors and the horizontal fluxes indicate better mixing with multiple jet configurations, the counter-current model and the convection-diffusion model indicate superior overall mixing with a single central jet.
Cyclin A associates with the fusome during germline cyst formation in the Drosophila ovary

Abstract Regulated changes in the cell cycle underlie many aspects of growth and differentiation. Prior to meiosis, germ cell cycles in many organisms become accelerated, synchronized, and modified to lack cytokinesis. These changes cause cysts of interconnected germ cells to form that typically contain 2 n cells. In Drosophila, developing germ cells during this period contain a distinctive organelle, the fusome, that is required for normal cyst formation. We find that the cell cycle regulator Cyclin A transiently associates with the fusome during the cystocyte cell cycles, suggesting that fusome-associated Cyclin A drives the interconnected cells within each cyst synchronously into mitosis. In the presence of a normal fusome, overexpression of Cyclin A forces cysts through an extra round of cell division to produce cysts with 32 germline cells. Female sterile mutations in UbcD1, encoding an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, have a similar effect. Our observations suggest that programmed changes in the expression and cytoplasmic localization of key cell cycle regulatory proteins control germline cyst production.
Fluid acceleration effects on suspended sediment transport in the swash zone

[1] Suspended sediment concentrations and fluid velocities measured in the swash zone of a high-energy steep beach were used to investigate the importance of fluid accelerations to suspended sediment transport. Swash flow acceleration was nearly constant at about one-half downslope gravitational acceleration with two important exceptions. We observed strong, short-lived periods of accelerating uprush at the beginning of the swash cycle and decelerating backwash at the end of the swash cycle (magnitudes of both approximately twice that of the expected downslope gravitational acceleration). Interestingly, spikes in suspended load followed the anomalies in acceleration in a way that was not apparent from the nearly symmetric (in magnitude) ensemble averaged velocity time series. Suspended load values were largest during accelerating uprush associated with the shoreward propagating turbulent bore or swash front. During backwash, suspended loads were generally not as large. Correspondingly, suspended sediment transport rates obtained from the sediment concentration and velocity measurements showed best comparisons with a modified sediment transport model that includes a physical mechanism for enhancing transport rates due to flow acceleration. The modified sediment transport model reduced the overall root-mean square prediction error by up to 35% and shifted the predicted peak in uprush sediment transport rate earlier in the swash cycle, resulting in a better fit to the observations. These findings suggest that the inclusion of the acceleration term may account for physical mechanisms that include bore turbulence and horizontal pressure gradients typically associated with the accelerating portion of uprush.
Perturbation of the tRNA tertiary core differentially affects specific steps of the elongation cycle.

The tRNA tertiary core region is important for both tRNA stability and activity in the translation elongation cycle. Here we report the effects of mutating each of two highly conserved base pairs in the tertiary core of Phe-tRNAPhe, 18-55 and 19-56, on rate and equilibrium constants for specific steps of this cycle, beginning with formation of aminoacyl-tRNA·EF-Tu·GTP ternary complexs and culminating with translocation of A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA into the P-site. We find that codon-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A/T-site and proofreading of near-cognate tRNA are sensitive to perturbation of either base pair; formation of the ternary complex and accommodation from the A/T to the A-site are sensitive to 18-55 perturbation only, and translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A- to P-site is insensitive to perturbation of either. These results underline the importance of the core region in promoting the efficiency and accuracy of translation, and they likely reflect different requirements for structural integrity of the core during specific steps of the elongation cycle.
Using the lens of Flickr to decode emic meanings about the impact of Hurricane Sandy on a tourism destination: the Jersey Shore

While many individuals share information on social media sites, a paucity of research examines the use of photo sharing social media sites during a crisis. Recently, user-generated content on the internet has been a forum for a variety of audiences to post and share their experiences during a crisis. Flickr offers one way to communicate emic meanings about crises. This study compares images of Hurricane Sandy posted by professionals and laypersons and identifies statistical differences across several dimensions. Findings show that professional photos tend to include more images relating to government or NGO response to the crisis; while laypersons tend to feature more environmental impacts.
The Coase Theorem and the division of academic labor

Abstract The extensive research in “transaction cost economics” motivated by the work of Ronald Coase seems to take place mostly in business and law schools and not in traditional economics departments where the vast majority of economists practice and the next generations are trained. This paper examines why the Coase program has not revolutionized economics. First, it reflects the unwillingness of Coase to use mathematical tools or the Walrasian paradigm. Second, the clientele of professional schools are less willing to tolerate abstraction acceptable to those of the economics departments. But the continuation of such division will hinder the quest for understanding economic life.
Factors influencing the utilization of Lyme disease-prevention behaviors in a high-risk population.

Purpose To evaluate factors motivating high-risk individuals to implement Lyme disease—prevention behaviors. Data Sources Patients presenting to the Lyme Disease Diagnostic Center in New York State completed a voluntary, anonymous questionnaire. Conclusions Of the 219 persons completing the questionnaire, participants who reported having had Lyme disease in the past were significantly more likely to use preventive behaviors than those without a history of Lyme disease (p = .01). Additionally, persons who reported having a family member or close friend with Lyme disease were more likely to use preventive behaviors than those without such a relationship (p = .02). Increasing age was associated with increased use of preventive behaviors only for participants without a history of Lyme disease (p = .04). Implications for Practice These findings provide information that may be important in developing community prevention programs for Lyme disease. Younger persons without a history of Lyme disease should be targeted for programs that will educate them about Lyme disease. Table 1 Clinical Resources for Diagnosing and Treating Lyme disease
Quantification of defect-solute coupling from inverse-Kirkendall segregation

Abstract A method has been adopted for quantifying and validating inverse-Kirkendall segregation during irradiation of an Fe Cr Ni stainless steel. Model predictions of calculated chromium depletion compared with calculated nickel enrichment were in accord with several hundred composition measurements. Compositions were measured at and near grain boundaries in a nickel-ion irradiated stainless steel. The method allows assessment of relative defect-solute coupling efficiencies independent of kinetic opportunity for segregation. The alloy had approximately 21 at% Cr and 20 at% Ni. The analysis of relative composition changes established that the Fe diffusivity is 2.0 times faster than the Ni diffusivity and the Cr diffusivity is 2.55 times faster than Ni diffusivity in the temperature range of 230 to 550°C. The relative rates are consistent with unirradiated ternary diffusion rates at higher temperatures reported in the literature.
Analytical and Experimental Identification of Nonlinearities in a Single-Nut, Preloaded Ball Screw

The nonlinear performance of single-nut, preloaded ball screw actuator is analyzed in this paper. The study identifies the source of nonlinear torque in the ball screw and subsequently maps that torque into the nonlinear displacement response due to windup in the shaft. The study is complemented with an experimental verification using a small angle rotation fixture (ARC) to input very small amplitude angular displacements to the screw while measuring induced torque and displacements. The experimental results are obtained from a Precision Linear Optimization Testbed (PLOT) which was developed to study the ability of different actuator systems to provide long range motion with nanometer accuracy. The analysis is conducted for the case of no axial loading. The study shows that the nonlinearities in the ball screw originate in the rolling friction between the balls and the races which induces torque in the nut and subsequently windup in the shaft. It also shows that the torque can be deduced from a relationship of the torque between a ball spinning in a race.
Economic growth population and the environment.

Thought and policies on population and the environment are damaged by the concept of "economic growth," which implies that the pattern of economic change of the United States is a Nature-programmed course that will automatically elevate all nations and take care of problems of population and the environment. This doctrine is essentially a myth, which is popular because of its flattering promises. The required cause-and-effect analysis of the policies required to limit population and preserve the environment cannot prevail and save the future until the influence of wishful myths such as that of "economic growth" is radically reduced.
Evolution of a transcriptional repression domain in an insect Hox protein

Homeotic (Hox) genes code for principal transcriptional regulators of animal body regionalization1. The duplication and divergence of Hox genes, changes in their regulation, and changes in the regulation of Hox target genes have all been implicated in the evolution of animal diversity2,3,4. It is not known whether Hox proteins have also acquired new activities during the evolution of specific lineages. Amino-acid sequences outside the DNA-binding homeodomains of Hox orthologues diverge significantly. These sequence differences may be neutral with respect to protein function, or they could be involved in the functional divergence of Hox proteins and the evolutionary diversification of animals. Here, we identify a transcriptional repression domain in the carboxy-terminal region of the Drosophila Ultrabithorax (Ubx) protein. This domain is highly conserved among Ubx orthologues in other insects, but is absent from Ubx in other arthropods and onychophorans. The evolution of this domain may have facilitated the greater morphological diversification of posterior thoracic and anterior abdominal segments characteristic of modern insects.
Protein tertiary structure recognition using optimized associative memory Hamiltonians

Protein folding codes can be optimized using spin-glass theory. Simple optimal codes are deduced for associative memory Hamiltonians based on aligned sequences. The authors demonstrate the use of associate memory Hamiltonians and show how, with the use of spin-glass theory to provide optimization, and standard alignment methods, it is possible to generate an algorithm that correctly identifies structurally similar proteins in the vast majority of cases. >
Can Bureaucracy Be Beautiful

Public administration has long been understood to be both a science and an art. In its artful aspects, public administration can also, in fact, be beautiful. At their very best, public organizations and processes have forms, designs, experiences, and languages which are beautiful and compelling. It is this beauty and its potential which draws us to public work. And, there is very great beauty in ideas of high and noble purpose and in the organizations and processes we build to achieve those ideas.
Positioning device for individuals with neuromuscular disabilities.

Properly positioning an individual having primitive reflex patterns and maintaining that position poses a constant challenge to medical personnel dealing with neuromuscular disabilities. A child recently came to us with hypertonicity so severe that traditional positioning methods were inadequate. Her case illustrates that a device originally designed for surgical positioning can be used successfully for positioning infants or children with spasticity. PROBLEM The child we treated had an anoxic encephalopathy resulting from a near-drowning accident. She was continuously in a severe opisthotonic posture that forced her to remain on her side. Initial upright positioning of this child required two therapists who applied a prolonged manual stretch to her back and neck. A neutral neck and trunk position was attained but the opisthotonic posture returned when the stretch was released. Use of a sling chair was attempted, but did not maintain the neutral position.…
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments of Bulimia Nervosa: The Role of Exposure

The results of both uncontrolled and controlled studies indicate that cognitive-behavioral programs are an effective form of treatment of bulimia nervosa (Garner et al., to be published; Wilson and Smith 1987). These programs have typically been multifaceted in nature, consisting of diverse treatment strategies such as a supportive therapeutic relationship, self-monitoring, education about bulimia, nutritional counseling, cognitive restructuring, problem-solving, assertion training, relaxation training, self-control techniques, exposure and response prevention, and relapse prevention training. Neither the necessary nor the sufficient conditions for therapeutic success have been identified. Nevertheless, there are good clinical as well as theoretical grounds for thinking that systematic exposure to previously feared and avoided stimuli is important in the cognitive-behavioral treatment of bulimia nervosa.
Multi-element regulation of the tropical forest carbon cycle

Tropical ecosystems dominate the exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and terrestrial biosphere, yet our understanding of how nutrients control the tropical carbon (C) cycle remains far from complete. In part, this knowledge gap arises from the marked complexity of the tropical forest biome, in which nitrogen, phosphorus, and perhaps several other elements may play roles in determining rates of C gain and loss. As studies from other ecosystems show, failing to account for nutrient–C interactions can lead to substantial errors in predicting how ecosystems will respond to climate and other environmental changes. Thus, although resolving the complex nature of tropical forest nutrient limitation – and then incorporating such knowledge into predictive models – will be difficult, it is a challenge that the global change community must address.
Foci And Bases Of Employee Commitment: Implications For Job Performance

Previous research has found that employee commitment and job performance are largely unrelated. However, prior work has not distinguished among individual foci (targets) and bases (motives) of commitment. We found, as expected, that commitment to supervisors was positively related to performance and was more strongly associated with performance than was commitment to organizations. Further, internalization of supervisors' and organizations' values was associated with performance but identification with these foci was not.
Genes and cancer

In developed countries, approximately 1 in 600 children develop cancer before they are 15 years old. Half of all childhood malignancies are diagnosed during the first 5 years of life. About 33% of cases are leukaemias, 25% brain tumours, and 10–12% lymphomas. The remaining cases are mainly embryonal tumours including neuroblastoma, Wilms’s tumour, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, retinoblastoma, and hepatoblastoma.1 2 Many of the leukaemias and brain tumours also constitute embryonal neoplasms. The histological appearance of embryonal neoplasms resembles that seen in the developing embryo and fetus. The early onset of these neoplasms and their embryonal appearance strongly suggest that prenatal, including genetic, factors are important. This article considers the role of genetic predisposition in the development of childhood cancer. Genetic predisposition to cancer may be considered under four areas: These syndromes are characterised by a high incidence of specific cancers within an affected family. Usually, there are no associated non-neoplastic phenotypic markers of gene carrier status. There are several such syndromes which confer a high risk of specific paediatric cancers, and two examples are described below. ### RETINOBLASTOMA AND THE RB1 GENE Retinoblastoma affects …