cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A dominant negative mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae methionine aminopeptidase-1 affects catalysis and interferes with the function of methionine aminopeptidase-2.

Abstract Methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) enzymes require the metal ion cobalt, but little is known about the role of cobalt in the structural stability or catalysis of these enzymes. InEscherichia coliMetAP, for which a crystal structure is available, the five amino acid residues liganding the two cobalt ions are Asp97, Asp108, His171, Glu204, and Glu235. These five amino acids are conserved in all MetAPs sequenced to date. The C-terminal domain of the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeMetAP1 is 41% identical toE. coliMetAP and contains these cobalt coordinating residues. Using site-directed mutagenesis on the gene coding for yeast MetAP1, we replaced Asp219(corresponding to Asp97inE. coliMetAP) with Asn. The yeast D219N mutant enzyme has 103-fold lower catalytic activity and a different substrate specificity when compared to wild-type yeast MetAP1. These results indicate that the side-chain of Asp219is important for catalysis. Expression of D219N-MetAP1 in yeast causes a slow-growth phenotype and interferes with wild-type MetAP1 in a dominant manner. Expression of D219N-MetAP1 also affects the function ofS. cerevisiaeMetAP2.
High Power 330 nm AlInGaN UV LEDs in the High Injection Regime

We report on the growth and testing of the light emitting diode structures incorporating quaternary AlInGaN active region with an emission wavelength of 330 nm. Small area circular devices were fabricated, yielding the output power of 110 µW measured with a bare-chip configuration in a high current injection regime (8 kA/cm2 for a 20 µm diameter device). Structural properties of the constituent epitaxial layers were evaluated by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, resulting in the observation of two-dimensional growth morphologies of AlN and AlGaN, and the estimate of threading dislocation densities in the low 109 cm−2 range in the structures grown on sapphire substrates.
The Role of Forgiveness in Divorce Adjustment and the Impact of Affect

The role of forgiveness and affect was investigated in relation to divorce adjustment. Ninety-one participants separated from their ex-spouse less than 30 months completed a background questionnaire, the Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI), the Self Forgiveness Scale (SFS), the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Inventory (CES–D), the Spielberger State–Trait Anger Inventory (STAXI–2), and the Fisher Divorce Adjustment Scale (FDAS). There were significant relationships between depression and the capacity to forgive and between being in an angry feeling state and harboring a lack of forgiveness toward the ex-spouse. The relationship that emerged as the most powerful was that between trait anger and lack of self-forgiveness. Forgiveness intervention that occurs early in the divorce adjustment process is implicated, particularly in relation to the self.
A metallographic study of some fragments of the canyon diablo meteorite

Abstract The microstructures of several specimens collected from the rim of Meteor Crater were studied by conventional metallographic techniques. The general metallographic features of these meteorite specimens are the result of shock metamorphism due to impact with the earth. Certain of the cohenite inclusions were observed (under polarized light) to be polycrystalline, with an apparently random grain orientation. Other cohenite particles were only partially recrystallized, and still others were monocrystalline. This recrystallization of monocrystalline cohenite is also attributed to shock metamorphism. The lowest temperature that these individual meteorites had previously experienced was studied by Knox's method. These particular specimens had apparently been exposed to temperatures between -60°C and -195°C. The results of this limited investigation illustrate that metallography is an extremely useful tool for the meteoriticist.
Centre for European agricultural studies

Abstract Conceived in 1972, established in 1974, and housed in its new building by September 1975, the Centre for European Agricultural Studies at Wye College aims to provide research and seminar programmes focused on the study of the food and agricultural industries of Europe.
In Defense of Silos: An Argument Against the Integrative Undergraduate Business Curriculum

The literature urges business schools to change their undergraduate curricula in response to changes in the models and methods currently used by corporate America. Critics contend that business sch...
Upper tract tumour after radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: incidence and risk factors.

The considerable experience of the University of Miami in treating TCC is reviewed in the first article in this section. The authors found that the incidence of upper tract tumour after radical cystectomy for TCC is low, but that patients with prostatic urethral involvement at cystectomy have a greater risk of developing upper tract tumours. A questionnaire-based study in the UK attempted to assess how upper tract surveillance is carried out by British urologists in patients with urinary tract TCC. They found a wide variation in practice, which presumably is similar to that also found in other parts of the world. They recommend a follow-up strategy and suggest that this surveillance should continue for at least 15 years. There is an evaluation of the long-term results of salvage cystectomy after interstitial radiotherapy and external beam radiotherapy for TCC reported from Amsterdam. They found that salvage cystectomy gives acceptable morbidity and for any type of urinary diversion. OBJECTIVE To review the incidence, pattern and outcome of upper tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) after radical cystectomy for carcinoma of the bladder, and identify risk factors for its development. PATIENTS AND METHODS The records of 235 consecutive patients who had a radical cystectomy and urinary diversion for TCC at the authors’ institution by one surgeon between January 1992 and August 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Five (2%) of 235 patients developed an upper tract urothelial tumour. The mean follow-up for all patients was 42 months, and was 52.2 months for those with an upper tract tumour. Four of the five patients presented with haematuria and one was diagnosed on routine follow-up intravenous urography. The mean time to the diagnosis of an upper tract tumour was 39.6 months. Of the potential risk factors, only the presence of TCC of the prostatic urethra had a statistically significant association with eventual upper tract tumour (P < 0.01). At the last follow-up, four patients died from urothelial cancer and one was disease-free. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of upper tract tumour after cystectomy for TCC is low; most patients present with symptoms (haematuria) and have advanced disease at diagnosis. Patients with prostatic urethral involvement at cystectomy are at greater risk of developing upper tract tumour.
A Presenilin-like protease associated with Plasmodium falciparum micronemes is involved in erythrocyte invasion

Abstract We describe identification of a Plasmodium falciparum microneme protease involved in RBC invasion. From the yeast two-hybrid screening of a P. falciparum cDNA library, we have identified a 47 kDa membrane protein that interacted with the 5ABC domain of human RBC band 3. This protein shared homology with a Presenilin-type aspartyl protease, the signal peptide peptidase (SPP). An antibody raised against a predicted exposed region of this protein reacted specifically to a single band of ∼47 kDa in the P. falciparum protein extract. Immunofluorescence microscopy suggested that this protein co-localized with the microneme protein EBA-175 in schizonts, and immunoelectron microscopy established that it is primarily localized to micronemes in merozoites. Functional characterization of Plasmodium falciparum signal peptide peptidase (PfSPP), demonstrates that an antibody to PfSPP blocks RBC invasion by P. falciparum in vitro . Native and recombinant PfSPP bound directly to the 5ABC domain of band 3 in solution and the binding of PfSPP to RBCs was chymotrypsin-sensitive, but trypsin and neuraminidase-resistant. Together, these results suggest that host band 3 interacts with PfSPP during RBC invasion presumably following parasite microneme discharge. PfSPP is the first microneme-associated intramembrane aspartyl protease identified in the apicomplexan parasites that interacts with a major transmembrane receptor on host erythrocytes.
Contractualism and Global Economic Justice

This article examines Rawls's and Scanlon's surprisingly undemanding contractualist accounts of global moral principles. Scanlon's Principle of Rescue requires too little of the world's rich unless the causal links between them and the poor are unreliable. Rawls's principle of legitimacy leads him to theorize in terms of a law of peoples instead of persons, and his conception of a people leads him to spurn global distributive equality. Rawls's approach has advantages over the cosmopolitan egalitarianism of Beitz and Pogge. But it cannot generate principles to regulate the entire global economic order. The article proposes a new cosmopolitan economic original position argument to make up for this lack in Rawls's Law of Peoples.
The Intensity of the Scattering of X-Rays by Recoiling Electrons

Theoretical calculation of the intensity of scattering of x-rays by recoiling electrons.---(1) On the Compton hypothesis of moving electrons with a velocity in the direction of the incident ray equal to $\frac{\mathrm{ca}}{(1+a)}$ where $a=\frac{h}{\mathrm{mc}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{0}}$ a calculation according to the usual electrodynamics when correlated with Compton's previous result, gives the same total scattering as that obtained by Thomson, The fact that experiments with very short wave-lengths do not agree with this result shows that Compton's hypothesis is not satisfactory without further modification. (2) If we assume the virtual moving oscillators proposed by Bohr, Kramers and Slater, in view of the similarity of these to moving electrons, the result is the same, and the lack of agreement with experiment indicates that the exact form of the correspondence principle set up by these authors fails to answer the intensity problem in the scattering of x-radiation.
Late hepatic allograft dysfunction

1. Lifelong monitoring of graft function, immunosuppressive levels, and screening for drug toxicity is required in all liver recipients. 2. Late hepatic allograft dysfunction is common and is caused by a variety of etiologies including rejection, infection, biliary/vascular abnormalities, recurrence of disease, and drug hepatotoxicity. 3. In all patients with late hepatic allograft dysfunction, liver biopsy should be performed to assess for the presence of rejection, and to thus avoid excessive use of bolus corticosteroid therapy and guide appropriate immunosuppressive management. 4. Recurrence of disease is the most common cause of late hepatic allograft dysfunction. 5. Hepatitis C universally reinfects the hepatic allograft, and is associated with decreased patient and graft survival and leads to the recurrence of cirrhosis in 28% of patients within 5 years of transplantation. 6. Major advances have been made in preventing recurrence of hepatitis B by the use of hepatitis B immune globulin in combination with lamivudine therapy. 7. Autoimmune liver diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis have a recurrence rate of approximately 20% to 30%. 8. In patients developing recurrence of autoimmune hepatitis, steroid withdrawal is the most common cause. 9. Recurrent hepatocellular cancer can be markedly reduced if strict guidelines are adhered to in selecting patients. 10. Drug hepatotoxicity must always be considered in the differential diagnosis of late hepatic allograft dysfunction.
SU‐FF‐T‐203: Effect of Non‐Uniform Source Strength On I‐125 Prostate Implant Dosimetry

Purpose: The current quality control policies in brachytherapy recommends assaying at least 10% of the seeds and source strengths uniformity should not be greater than 3% in those assayed seeds. In real clinical cases, the un‐assayed seeds from the same batch may have larger source strength non‐uniformity. In this study, we investigated the effect of non‐uniform source strength on 125I prostate implant dosimetry.Method and Materials:Ultrasoundimages were obtained from volumetric measurement; those images were digitized into TheraPlan Plus planning system ( Nucletron ) for calculation with uniform source strength. A clinical pre‐plan was approved and used as reference plan. AAPM TG43 dosimetric system was used for dose calculation throughout the study. While keeping seed positions fixed, the iodine‐125 seeds were assigned different source strength sampled from four normal probability distributions with 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% standard deviation centered on mean source strength respectively. The pre‐plan was then recalculated with sampled seed strength and the V200, V150 and V100 were compared with those of the original pre‐plan with uniform seed strength. Results: The maximum change from 5 patients for V100 is −0.4%, −0.8%, −1.4% and −3.3% for normal probability distribution with 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% standard deviation respectively when compared with uniform source strength plans. For V150 the maximum change is −2.6%, 4.0%, −5.1% and 20.1%. And for V200, the maximum change is −3.5%, −5.9%, −8.9% and 31.8% respectively. Conclusion: V100 changed less than 3.5% with 30% source strength non‐uniformity; implying V100 was not sensitive to source strength distribution. V200, V150 and V100 changed less that 4.0% with 5% source strength non‐uniformity. With a source strength non‐uniformity of 5%, its effect on 125I prostate implant dosimetry was not significant. Evaluation of DVHs for urethra, rectum wall and location of hotspot were still underway.
Creating a coaching culture across a global sales force

Purpose – The aim is to explore how Microsoft Advertising built a coaching culture across its global sales manager population.Design/methodology/approach – This case study illustrates how a coaching program was delivered that allowed for the complexity within the business as well as being flexible enough to meet the needs of different cultures.Findings – This practical case study material from Microsoft Advertising, a global provider of digital advertising platforms, shows how the learning and development team developed the performance coaching capability of sales managers in order to lift the performance of the global sales force.Practical implications – It explores the implications of designing a program suitable for global delivery across five continents, in ten countries and with 22 nationalities of participants, as well as the practicalities of delivery.Originality/value – This paper provides information on the coaching culture across Microsoft Advertising's global sales manager population.
The fat tail of obesity as told by the genome.

Purpose of reviewMany genes affect pathways that predispose to and protect against obesity. We ask how many different variants affect human obesity and how common are they?Recent findingsThe current generation of genome-wide association scans is moderately powered to detect and replicate association
Zero-energy parameters for attractive and repulsive Gaussian, exponential, Yukawa and hard-core Yukawa potentials

Abstract Solutions to the radial wave equation at zero energy have been obtained for Gaussian, exponential, and Yukawa potentials for values of the strength parameter s lying between −4 and +2 and for hard-core Yukawa potentials for values of s lying between 0 and +2 (where s ≳1 means there is a bound state near zero energy). Tables of the scattering length a and the effective range r 0 as determined from these solutions for these values of s are given. Brief remarks are made concerning a formula for a shape-independent s given by de Swart and Dullemond.
Regulation of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa: cloning and characterization of the leu-1 and ilv-3 genes.

The genes coding for the branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic enzymes comprise an integrated regulatory system. The expression of the several structural genes coding for enzymes of the isoleucine-valine and leucine pathways is controlled in parallel by the positive-acting regulatory gene, leu-3. The leu-1 and ilv-3 genes, coding for β-isopropyl-malate dehydrogenase and acetohydroxyacid synthase, respectively, were cloned from a cosmid library. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed that the two cloned fragments indeed mapped to the genomic locations of the leu-1 and ilv-3 genes, respectively. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the leu-1 gene is transcribed to give an mRNA of approximately 1.5 kb, whereas the ilv-3 transcript size is 2.6 kb. The expression of both genes appears to be regulated at the transcriptional level. One leu-3 regulatory mutant was greatly deficient in both leu-1 and ilv-3 mRNAs, whereas another leu-3 allele showed an unusual antiparallel pattern of regulation.
1-[4-(3-phenylalkyl)phenyl]-2-aminopropanes as 5-HT2A partial agonists

Phenylalkylamines such as 1-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOB; 1a) and its corresponding iodo derivative DOI (2) are commonly used 5-HT2 serotonin agonists. Previous studies have established that the 2,5-dimethoxy substitution pattern found in these compounds is optimal for high affinity at 5-HT2A receptors and that substituents at the 4-position can modulate affinity over a wide range. We have previously shown, however, that when the 4-position is substituted with a 3-phenylpropyl substituent (i.e., 3), the compound binds with an affinity comparable to that of 1a but that it possesses 5-HT2A antagonist character. The present study examined the structure−affinity relationships of 3, and the results were very much unexpected. That is, the 2,5-dimethoxy substitution pattern of 3 is not required for high affinity. Either of the two methoxy groups can be removed without untoward effect on affinity, and relocation of the methoxy substituents actually enhances affinity by as much as an order of ...
Competitor complaints in anti‐trust enforcement: of Microsoft and mergers

Competition laws are intended to protect consumers but they can be twisted to serve the interests of competitors. Complaints by competitors can be useful in anti-trust cases but, in general, anti-trust agencies should be ‘deeply sceptical’ of such complaints which may reflect attempts to seek protection from a more efficient competitor. Both US and EU officials have not been sufficiently sceptical of complaints against Microsoft by its competitors: consumers will pay the price for this error.
Interface chemistry of H2O on GaAs nanowires probed by near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Abstract Interface chemistry of H 2 O on GaAs nanowires is investigated by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) at elevated water vapor pressures (from UHV to 5 mbar) and temperatures (from room temperature to 400 °C). Surface-assisted water dissociation leads to oxidation and hydroxylation of surface Ga atoms. In comparison with the simple planar GaAs(1 0 0) crystal, the H 2 O dissociation process on GaAs nanowires is greatly enhanced at elevated pressures and temperatures.
The Role of an Internal Heat Source for the Eruptive Plumes on Triton

Abstract For the first time the role of the internal heat source, due to radioactive decay in Triton's core, is investigated with respect to geyser-like plumes. Triton is one of only three known objects in the Solar System (the other two are Earth and the jovian satellite Io) where eruptive activity has been definitely observed. A new mechanism of energy supply to the Tritonian eruptive plumes is proposed. This mechanism is based on heat transport in the solid-nitrogen polar caps due to thermal convection, in addition to conduction. The conductive–convective model shows that a 1 K increase in the N 2 ice subsurface temperature over the surface value is reached much closer to the surface in the region of an upwelling subsurface plume compared with a pure conductive case. This temperature rise is sufficient to double the nitrogen vapor pressure. Therefore, it is enough to drive the atmospheric plumes to the observed height of ≈8 km, provided 1 K warmer nitrogen ice encounters a vent and hence is exposed to the ≈15-μbar Tritonian atmosphere. Solid-state convection onsets if a nitrogen layer is sufficiently thick and the average solid N 2 grain size is small enough. Critical values of these parameters are presented for Triton. A possible origin of the subsurface vents on Triton is also suggested.
Anti-Judaism in Marcion and his Opponents

Although Marcion is usually thought of as the arch-antisemite of the early church, this paper argues that his opponents were no less anti-Jewish than he. The proto-orthodox victory over Marcionite Christianity meant that the Hebrew Scriptures would continue to be a major part of the Christian canon and that Christians and might be encouraged to view the story of Jesus and their own faith as part of the history of ancient Israel. Marcion, by contrast, did not regard the Hebrew Scriptures as part of the Christian canon but nevertheless judged them to be accurate historical records that should be interpreted literally. In their rejection of Marcion, the proto-orthodox leaders also rejected a literal interpretation of the Hebrew Scriptures and sought to find an underlying unity between them and the Christian story. Despite the high status attributed to these Scriptures, Marcion’s opponents employed a variety of non-literal methods of interpretation, which generally carried with them a high degree of anti-Judaism. These tendencies may be observed both in the Acts of the Apostles, which is to be dated about 120 C.E., and Justin’s Dialogue with Trypho (c. 160 C.E.).
Characterization of the prfA Virulence Gene Cluster Insertion Site in Non-Hemolytic Listeria spp.: Probing the Evolution of the Listeria Virulence Gene Island

The prfA virulence gene cluster is present between prs and ldh in the pathogenic L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii, but absent from the non-pathogenic L. innocua and L. welshimeri. To probe the evolution of this virulence gene cluster, we sequenced the prs-ldh intergenic region in L. welshimeri and L. innocua. Two ORFs (ORFA and ORFB) were found in both species as well as in L. monocytogenes. Another ORF of unknown function (ORFZ) was found in L. monocytogenes and L. innocua, while two unique ORFs were present in L. welshimeri. ORFA and ORFB showed significant functional constraint, suggesting that further investigations in the functions of these genes, including possible roles in horizontal gene transfer or sequence deletion, are warranted. DNA sequences homologous to Tn1545 integration consensus sequences were found downstream of prs and ORFB, thus defining the likely junctions of the virulence gene island and indicating that the prs-ldh intergenic region may represent a Tn insertion hot spot. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that a combination of horizontal gene transfer and deletion events mayhave been involved in the evolution of the prfA virulence gene cluster in Listeria.
A coding-theoretic approach for efficient message verification over insecure channels

We address the problem of allowing authorized users, who have yet to establish a secret key, to securely and efficiently exchange key establishment messages over an insecure channel in the presence of jamming and message insertion attacks. This problem was first introduced by Strasser, Popper, Capkun, and Cagalj in their recent work, leaving joint consideration of security and efficiency as an open problem. In this paper, we present three approaches based on coding theory which reduce the overall time required to verify the packets and reconstruct the original message in the presence of jamming and malicious insertion. We first present the Hashcluster scheme which reduces the total overhead included in the short packets. We next present the Merkleleaf scheme which uses erasure coding to reduce the average number of packet receptions required to reconstruct the message. We then present the Witnesscode scheme which uses one-way accumulators to individually verify packets and reduce redundancy. We demonstrate through analysis and simulation that our candidate protocols can significantly decrease the amount of time required for key establishment in comparison to existing approaches without degrading the guaranteed level of security.
Biosocial Development and Delinquent Involvement

In this article, we examine the influence of pubertal development on misbehavior, as well as examine a series of Gene × Environment Interactions. Specifically, we examine whether the onset of puber...
Formation of the chondrocranium of Trachemys scripta (Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae) and a comparison with other described turtle taxa

Few descriptions of the formation of the chelonian chondrocranium exist. Herein, developmental stages critical to the formation of the chondrocranium of the Red-eared Slider, Trachemys scripta (Testudines: Emydidae), are described and illustrated, with particular attention given to ontogenetic changes that take place in the orbitotemporal region of the skull. Morphological descriptions are based on cleared and double-stained and serially-sectioned embryos. These specimens allowed for a detailed evaluation of the developmental morphology of the trabeculae, interorbital septum, pilae metoptica, taeniae marginalis, acrochordal cartilage, pilae antotica, parachordal cartilages, and crista sellaris. Additionally, the formation of the chondrocranium of T. scripta is compared to those of Chrysemys picta (Emydidae) and Caretta caretta (Chelonidae). Overall, the patterns of formation and remodeling of the chondrocranium are quite similar among these species, with the most conspicuous differences observed in remodeling of the posterior orbital cartilages (specifically, the pila metoptica). Reorganization of these cartilages is discussed briefly in the context of associated extraocular muscles for T. scripta and C. caretta. A prominent intertrabecula is reported in T. scripta, supporting previous observations of this structure in emydid turtles.
An improved spatial smoothing technique for bearing estimation in a multipath environment

It is well known that signal subspace algorithms perform poorly when coherent or highly correlated signals are present. Recently, the so-called spatial smoothing technique was devised to preprocess the array covariance matrix so that signal subspace algorithms can be applied irrespective of the signal correlation. Unfortunately, the application of this technique reduces the effective aperture of the array. A modified spatial smoothing technique that is capable of increasing the effective aperture of the array over that of conventional spatial smoothing methods is explored. It is shown that under certain conditions, the modified algorithm may fail to yield the desired increase in array aperture, and some simulation results concerning the sensitivity of the modified spatial smoothing algorithm to these conditions are provided. >
PREPARATION AND FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MN GLYCOPROTEIN OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES

Human erythrocyte membrane glycoproteins were solubilized and recovered in the aqueous phase after extraction of red cell ghosts with a mixture of chloroform and methanol. The major glycoprotein, the so-called MN glycoprotein, was prepared from this phase by gel filtration on Sepharose 4B columns in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. By SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis the MN glycoproteins from the three major genetic types, MM, MN, and NN, were found to be relatively free from minor glycoprotein contaminants. The carbohydrate and amino acid composition did not reveal significant differences between the three MN genotypes. The specific activities of the purified glycoproteins were determined for inhibition of agglutinating anti-M and anti-N rabbit antisera and for inhibition of myxovirus hemagglutination. It was, furthermore, established that the purified MN glycoproteins contain a receptor for Phaseolus vulgaris phytohemagglutination. The red cell MN glycoprotein inhibits partially lymphocyte stimulation induced by unfractionated Phaseolus vulgaris phytohemagglutinin; the red cell MN glycoprotein does not influence the lymphocyte stimulation induced by purified Phaseolus vulgaris mitogen.
Long-term follow-up of pediatric trachyonychia.

Pediatric trachyonychia is an acquired nail disease that can cause distress to families. It is a poorly understood disease, and long-term follow-up data are lacking. We present an institutional review of 11 children with isolated pediatric trachyonychia followed over time. Children with the diagnosis of pediatric trachyonychia were identified and invited to participate. Pictures were taken on follow-up and a questionnaire was answered. Exclusion criteria include having another diagnosis at the initial visit that causes nail dystrophy. Eleven patients with the diagnosis of pediatric trachyonychia were available for follow-up. The mean age of appearance was 2.7 years (range 2-7 yrs) and the average follow-up was 66 months (range 10-126 mos). Nine patients were treated with potent topical corticosteroids, one used only petrolatum, and one took vitamin supplements. One patient was found to have an additional skin and hair diagnosis of alopecia areata on follow-up. On follow-up, 82% noted improvement of the nails, whereas 18% noted no change. A majority of cases of pediatric trachyonychia are isolated and improve with time, regardless of treatment.
Demand vs. Supply in the Industrial Revolution

It has been widely believed that demand elements, jointly with supply shifts, were crucial in determining the timing, location, and general characteristics of the Industrial Revolution in England and Continental Western Europe. The possible forms which the role of demand might have taken are specified and examined both theoretically and empirically. While demand factors cannot be ruled out altogether, they were definitely of a secondary order of importance. Neither exogenous increases in the demand for manufactures, nor induced technological change are likely to have been a factor of decisive importance. A macroeconomic interpretation of the “demand hypothesis” is examined and rejected.
Molecular diagnosis of respiratory viruses

Respiratory tract viral infections are responsible for an incredible amount of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Older diagnostic methods, such as tissue culture and serology, have been replaced with more advanced molecular techniques, such as PCR and reverse-transcriptase PCR, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification and loop-mediated isothermal amplification. These techniques are faster, have greater sensitivity and specificity, and are becoming increasingly accessible. In the minds of most, PCR has replaced tissue culture and serology as the gold standard for detection of respiratory viruses owing to its speed, availability and versatility. PCR/reverse-transcriptase PCR has been used in a variety of detection platforms, in multiplex assays (detecting multiple pathogens simultaneously) and in automated systems (sample in-answer out devices). Molecular detection has many proven advantages over standard virological methods and will further separate itself through increased multiplexing, processing speed and automation. However, tissue culture remains an important method for detecting novel viral mutations within a virus population, for detecting novel viruses and for phenotypic characterization of viral isolates.
Learning Quantum Operators From Quantum State Pairs

Developing quantum algorithms has proven to be very difficult. In this paper, the concept of using classical machine learning techniques to derive quantum operators from examples is presented. A gradient descent algorithm for learning unitary operators from quantum state pairs is developed as a starting point to aid in developing quantum algorithms. The algorithm is used to learn the quantum Fourier transform, an underconstrained two-bit function, and Grover’s iterate.
Recent Advances in ACL Rehabilitation: Clinical Factors that Influence the Program

Rehabilitation following ACL reconstruction focuses on treatment of impairments and functional limitations. Clinical pathways that have been developed for rehabilitation of the knee are useful for identifying and classifying impairments and functional limitations following ACL reconstruction. Application of these clinical pathways will enable the physical therapist or athletic trainer to select the most appropriate treatment for an individual. Knowledge of secondary pathology and concomitant surgery allows the clinician to modify application of the clinical pathway. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe modifications for rehabilitation of individuals following ACL reconstruction, based on knowledge of secondary pathology and/or concomitant surgery.
The Slime of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Biological Characterization and Possible Role in Experimental Infection

The response of mice to ip injection of purified slime of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identical to that observed in lethal infection initiated with viable bacilli, namely, toxic manifestations, leukopenia, and death. Active and passive immunization against slime prevented these responses. Protection was type-specific. In comparison with lipopolysaccharide, slime was two to three times more toxic. Antigenic distinction between slime and lipopolysaccharide was demonstrated by immunodiffusion and indirect hemagglutination inhibition. Unlike slime, lipopolysaccharide failed to absorb the protective activity from antislime serum and was not antiphagocytic in vitro. Slime contained mannose and galactose, which were absent from lipopolysaccharide, and an unidentified orcinol-positive component in the neutral sugar pattern was present in the lipopolysaccharide, but not in slime. In addition, qualitative differences were observed in the fatty acid compositions of slime and lipopolysaccharide.
NORMAL SERUM-LIPIDS IN RENAL-TRANSPLANT PATIENTS

Abstract In contrast to previous reports, most patients (78%) with a successful renal transplant being followed up at the University of Kentucky Medical Center had a normal serum-lipid profile. The patients with hyperlipidaemia (22%) had normal fasting insulin levels; they received similar immunosuppressive therapy but were significantly older and more obese than those with normal lipids. This lower prevalence of hyperlipidaemia and the absence of fasting hyperinsulinaemia are tentatively attributed to the use of alternate-day corticosteroid therapy in stable renal-transplant patients. If confirmed, the relative infrequency of hyperlipidaemia in patients on alternate-day corticosteroid therapy would be an additional advantage of that therapy over a daily regimen.
Contemporary staffing-mix changes: The impact on postoperative pain management

Abstract This retrospective, descriptive study of 2 surgical units in 2 hospitals examined correlations between staffing mix and pain management as a process indicator of quality after the implementation of a staffing model designed to increase unlicensed assistive personnel and decrease registered nurses and licensed vocational nurses in the skill mix. Statistically significant increases in numeric pain scores were found for patients ( n = 203) in diagnosis-related group 209 who were dependent on nurse-administered analgesia (NAA) and for those patients given epidural or spinal analgesia. Pain scores for patients with patient-controlled analgesia tended to decrease, as did the scores of patients using a combination of patient-controlled analgesia and epidural/spinal anesthesia. A fair degree of relationship was found between increased registered-nurse staffing as a percentage of staffing mix and lower numeric pain scale scores for the NAA subgroup. Similarly, increased unlicensed assistive personnel staffing as a percentage of the staffing mix was found to be related to increased pain scale scores in the NAA subgroup. © 2001 by the American Society of Pain Management Nurses
In search of causal variants: refining disease association signals using cross-population contrasts

Genome-wide association (GWA) using large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is now a powerful, state-of-the-art approach to mapping human disease genes. When a GWA study detects association between a SNP and the disease, this signal usually represents association with a set of several highly correlated SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium. The challenge we address is to distinguish among these correlated loci to highlight potential functional variants and prioritize them for follow-up. We implemented a systematic method for testing association across diverse population samples having differing histories and LD patterns, using a logistic regression framework. The hypothesis is that important underlying biological mechanisms are shared across human populations, and we can filter correlated variants by testing for heterogeneity of genetic effects in different population samples. This approach formalizes the descriptive comparison of p-values that has typified similar cross-population fine-mapping studies to date. We applied this method to correlated SNPs in the cholinergic nicotinic receptor gene cluster CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4, in a case-control study of cocaine dependence composed of 504 European-American and 583 African-American samples. Of the 10 SNPs genotyped in the r2 ≥ 0.8 bin for rs16969968, three demonstrated significant cross-population heterogeneity and are filtered from priority follow-up; the remaining SNPs include rs16969968 (heterogeneity p = 0.75). Though the power to filter out rs16969968 is reduced due to the difference in allele frequency in the two groups, the results nevertheless focus attention on a smaller group of SNPs that includes the non-synonymous SNP rs16969968, which retains a similar effect size (odds ratio) across both population samples. Filtering out SNPs that demonstrate cross-population heterogeneity enriches for variants more likely to be important and causative. Our approach provides an important and effective tool to help interpret results from the many GWA studies now underway.
New insights on the biology of myelin basic protein gene: The neural‐Immune connection

In the past 6 years, our conception of the major myelin protein genes has begun to change significantly because of recent findings documenting the existence of new exons encoding other products of these genes. A decade ago the myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP) genes were thought to be expressed solely in myelin-forming cells, and their products were thought to be structural components of myelin. Since then, abundant evidence has been gathered identifying the presence of products of these genes in nonmyelinating cell types including both the immune and the nervous systems. Furthermore, within the nervous system, products of these genes have been identified in neurons and embryonic cells, clearly indicating that these myelin protein genes have additional functions in a number of cell types that are unrelated to myelination. In this brief communication, we review the recent literature that has resulted in this revision of our understanding of the MBP gene structure, products and expression. J. Neurosci. Res. 59: 153‐159, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Applications and design techniques for MCMs

The multi-chip module (MCM) has yet to make its mark in the high volume computer arena but this situation should change soon. High chip and module connection densities are the drivers that will ultimately make MCMs the choice for many applications. Of course, for this to happen, they will have to be cost competitive when compared to alternative approaches. This, too, will happen. As a result, the art of designing an MCM will become a desirable skill. Designing an MCM is the first step in determining whether your application should include an MCM. This paper shows how to do that. >
Effect of gastrin and SC 15396 on gastric motility in dogs.

A continuous infusion of porcine gastrin preparations, including crude gastrin, gastrin I, or gastrin II, in doses submaximal for gastric acid secretion, stimulated rhythmic antral contractions in the intact stomach or innervated antral pouch of dogs. SC 15396 markedly decreased gastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion, but had no effect on gastrin-stimulated antral motility. Provided that the endogenous release of gastrin can be shown to produce an effect similar to exogenous gastrin, stimulation of rhythmic antral contractions should be included as one of the physiological actions of gastrin.
GC/MS Screening of Alkyl Methylphosphonofluoridates and Alkyl Methylphosphonic Acids

The objection of this investigation was to determine the applicability of GC/MS and GC/MS/MS techniques, including EI, methane CI and ammonia CI ionization, as screening techniques for detection of Schedule 1A1 alkyl methylphosphonofluoridates [CH3P(O)(OR)F] and their corresponding Schedule 2 hydrolysis products [CH3P(O)(OR)0H], where R = C1 to C10 alkyl and cycloalkyl. The applicability of the ionization techniques for molecular weight configuration is also evaluated.
Local excitatory circuits in the intermediate gray layer of the superior colliculus.

Local excitatory circuits in the intermediate gray layer of the superior colliculus. We have used photostimulation and whole cell patch-clamp recording techniques to examine local synaptic interact...
Articulation of Ceramic Surfaces Against Polyethylene

Investigation was carried out on five grades of the oxide-ceramics alumina and zirconia in a pin-on-disc test against polyethylene for suitability as articulating components for total joint prostheses. The tests showed a difference in surface quality and energy between the various grades of ceramic. The polyethylene wear rate caused by the ceramic counterfaces was with the alumina qualities lowest and less than in combination with CoCrMo-alloy. The alternative ZrO2 ceramics yielded unfavourable wear and friction results. Although mechanically preferable the tribological investigation seems to caution the use of high performance nonalumina ceramics for articulating implants at the present state.
Rapid reconnaissance of post-disaster building damage using augmented situational visualization

This paper discusses the feasibility of using augmented situational visualization, commonly referred to as augmented reality (AR), to evaluate damage sustained by buildings in the aftermath of natural and human-perpetrated disasters. A study was carried out to evaluate the hypothesis that previously stored building information can be superimposed onto a real structure in AR, and that structural damage can be evaluated by measuring and interpreting key differences between a baseline image and the real view of the facility. Two experiments were performed in conjunction with structural tests that were being conducted to investigate the seismic performance of concrete walls. The obtained results highlight the potential of using AR for rapid damage detection and indicate that the accuracy of structural displacements measured using AR is a direct function of the accuracy with which augmented images can be registered with the real world.
Low Utility of Creatine Kinase Isotype MB Measurement in Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome

Introduction: Creatine kinase isotype MB (CK-MB) assays have been used in conjunction with troponin assays for diagnosis and management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, availability of new-generation troponin assays made clinical utility of CK-MB uncertain. Indeed, new guidelines on diagnosis and assessment of ACS rely on a new-generation troponin assay but not on CK-MB. The current study examines …
Investigate and Analysis of Women Genital Tract Pathogens Infection Circumstance

OBJECTIVE For understanding the 4th Agricultural Division of women genital tract pathogens infection circumstance and prevalence rate. METHOD Carried on daubery slice,dyeing and microscope checks to the secretion of the genital tract of 2 864 married women in 2005-2006 years. RESULT The woman genital tract pathogens total infection rate is 57.82%,highest is the mold vaginitis,the infection rate is 31.74%. Next is the bacterial vaginosis,the infection rate is 29.82%. Gonococcal infection rate is 5.20%. Trichomoniasis infection rate is 1.08%.
The Incidence of Shoulder Injury among Collegiate Overhead Athletes

Shoulder injury in overhead athletes, who perform repetitive overhead motions, has been well documented; however, there is a paucity of data regarding the incidence of specific shoulder injuries in these individuals. Data were collected from the preseason medical examinations and medical records maintained throughout the collegiate careers of 371 overhead athletes. Shoulder injuries were documented in 30% of the athletes during their athletic careers. Subacromial impingement syndrome and rotator cuff (RTC) tendonitis were the most common shoulder injuries for each individual sport and accounted for 27% and 24% of the total shoulder injuries respectively. These injuries had a significantly higher incidence rate (p = .001) than any other injury among the athletes. Significant incidence rates were found for baseball players diagnosed with subacromial impingement (p = .001), softball players diagnosed with subacromial impingement and RTC tendonitis (p = .001), swimmers diagnosed with subacromial impingement, ...
Compounding of Oleic Add-Imidazoline Inhibitor with Alkynol and Its Inhibition Performance

Imidazoline was synlhesized from oleic acid and diethylene trianiine via a two-step vacuum dehydration route.The resulting imidazoline as an inhibitor was compounded with propiolic alcohol and butynediol.The structure of the imidazoline intermediate and the effect of compounding or the inhibition performance of the imidazoline inhibitor ware analyzed msking use of infrared spectrometry,static weight-loss test,Tafel polarization curve measurement,and scanning electron microscopic observation.Results indicated that the alkynol contributed to largely improving the inhibition performance of the imidazo-line inhibitor,while the propiolic alcohol was superior to butynediol in terms of the ability to improve the inhibition performance.Namely,the imidazoline compounded with propiolic alcohol had an inhibition efficiency of above 99%,and the corrosion rate wat below 2 g/(m2· h).The improvement in the inhibiton performance of the imidazoline inhibitor was largely attributed to its syn-ergism effect with propiolic alcohol as the compounding agent,which could be helpful for the inhibitor adsorbed on the surface of the metals to form uniform and compact inhibitive film.
Specificity of developmental resistance in gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) to two DNA-insect viruses

Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae displayed marked developmental resistance within an instar to L. dispar M nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) regardless of the route of infection (oral or intrahemocoelic) in a previous study, indicating that in gypsy moth, this resistance has a systemic component. In this study, gypsy moth larvae challenged with the Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus (AMEV) showed developmental resistance within the fourth instar to oral, but not intrahemocoelic, inoculation. In general, gypsy moth is considered refractory to oral challenge with AMEV, but in this study, 43% mortality occurred in newly molted fourth instars fed a dose of 5×106 large spheroids of AMEV; large spheroids were found to be more infectious than small spheroids when separated by a sucrose gradient. Developmental resistance within the fourth instar was reflected by a 2-fold reduction in mortality (18%–21%) with 5×106 large spheroids in larvae orally challenged at 24, 48 or 72 h post-molt. Fourth instars were highly sensitive to intrahemocoelic challenge with AMEV; 1PFU produced approximately 80% mortality regardless of age within the instar. These results indicate that in gypsy moth, systemic developmental resistance may be specific to LdMNPV, reflecting a co-evolutionary relationship between the baculovirus and its host.