cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using measurements of muscle color, pH, and electrical impedance to augment the current USDA beef quality grading standards and improve the accuracy and precision of sorting carcasses into palatability groups

This research was conducted to determine whether objective measures of muscle color, muscle pH, and(or) electrical impedance are useful in segregating palatable beef from unpalatable beef, and to determine whether the current USDA quality grading standards for beef carcasses could be revised to improve their effectiveness at distinguishing palatable from unpalatable beef. One hundred beef carcasses were selected from packing plants in Texas, Illinois, and Ohio to represent the full range of muscle color observed in the U.S. beef carcass population. Steaks from these 100 carcasses were used to determine shear force on eight cooked beef muscles and taste panel ratings on three cooked beef muscles. It was discovered that the darkest-colored 20 to 25% of the beef carcasses sampled were less palatable and considerably less consistent than the other 75 to 80% sampled. Marbling score, by itself, explained 12% of the variation in beef palatability; hump height, by itself, explained 8% of the variation in beef palatability; measures of muscle color or pH, by themselves, explained 15 to 23% of the variation in beef palatability. When combined together, marbling score, hump height, and some measure of muscle color or pH explained 36 to 46% of the variation in beef palatability. Alternative quality grading systems were proposed to improve the accuracy and precision of sorting carcasses into palatability groups. The two proposed grading systems decreased palatability variation by 29% and 39%, respectively, within the Choice grade and decreased palatability variation by 37% and 12%, respectively, within the Select grade, when compared with current USDA standards. The percentage of unpalatable Choice carcasses was reduced from 14% under the current USDA grading standards to 4% and 1%, respectively, for the two proposed systems. The percentage of unpalatable Select carcasses was reduced from 36% under the current USDA standards to 7% and 29%, respectively, for the proposed systems. These grading systems, which included requirements for maturity, marbling, hump height, and colorimeter readings, could be implemented into the current USDA beef quality grading standards and improve the accuracy and precision of sorting beef carcasses into palatability groups. At the least, measurements of muscle color or pH could be used in a branded-beef program to increase the palatability consistency of its beef products.
[A study of the relationship between initial febrile seizures and human herpes virus 6, 7 infections].

Abstract The DNA detection of human herpes virus (HHV) 6, 7 was performed in the patients who visited to the Nakano children's hospital because of their initial febrile seizures (FS). Those patients included 35 boys and 21 girls under 3 years of age (mean: 1 year 4 months). DNAs of HHV 6, 7 in the mononuclear cells extracted from peripheral blood were detected in 84% of the patients. This study proved that at least 34% of initial FS are caused by HHV 6 or 7 infections. Forty-seven percents of the patients who were clinically diagnosed as exanthema subitum showed complex type FS. In conclusion, HHV 6 and 7 infections are often related to the occurrence of initial FS, which may be in part caused by their direct invasion to the central nervous system.
Professional nursing practice: Impact on organizational and patient outcomes

Objective:To test a causal model of the impact of (a) nursing unit context on professional nursing practice; (b) professional practice on selected organizational (nurses' work satisfaction, nursing turnover, average length of patient stay) and patient outcomes (patient satisfaction, rate of reported
Simultaneous assessment of complement components C3, C4, and B and their cleavage products in human gingival fluid. II. Longitudinal changes during periodontal therapy.

Studies of the potential role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease have involved measurements of complement cleavage in gingival fluid obtained from lesions of periodontitis. Due to the limited amounts of gingival fluid available from periodontal lesions, these studies have been confined to assessment of single complement components in lesions with significant inflammation. This paper presents a description and an evaluation of reliability of an improved method of sampling and complement assessment by crossedimmunoelectrophoresis which permits measurement of C3, C4, B. and their conversion products in single gingival fluid samples as small as 0.2 μl. Gingival fluid collected on filter paper strips and serum applied to strips as controls were subjected to crossed-immunoelectrophoresis using a multiple second-dimension gel composed of a 2 cm wide slab of agarose with anti-human B and anti-human C3, followed by another 2 cm slab containing anti-human C4 and antihuman transferrin (reference marker). Following drying and staining of the gels, the resultant precipitates were measured and the relative amount of each component and the percentage conversion of C3 determined. Using both fresh and activated serum, this technique was found to have a variability within 10%. Stability of complement measurements in gingival fluid was determined by duplicate sampling of 26 lesions of periodontitis prior to periodontal therapy. No significant differences were found in any of the components measured suggesting that the method produced reliable results from clinical samples. These findings establish this method as a sensitive and reliable means of assessment of complement cleavage in single samples of gingival fluid. This technique should be useful for longitudinal measurements of changes in complement during induction or resolution of periodontal disease.
An algorithm for NMR imaging reconstruction based on multiple RF receiver coils

Utilisation de bobines multiples pour acquerir les signaux, puis utilisation de l'information supplementaire comme une partie de la reconstruction
On the existence of Eshelby’s equivalent ellipsoidal inclusion solution

The existence of Eshelby’s equivalent inclusion solution is proved for a non-degenerate ‘transformed’ ellipsoidal inhomogeneity in an infinite anisotropic linear elastic matrix. We prove the invertibility of the fourth rank tensor expression, C′SE+C(I−SE), where C is the stiffness tensor of the matrix, C′ is the stiffness tensor of the inhomogeneity, I is the Eshelby tensor, and SE is the symmetric identity tensor. Taking advantage of the positive definiteness of certain tensor expressions, a proof-by-contradiction using energy arguments is posited that eliminates the possibility that the above expression is singular. Because the tensor expression is non-singular, it can always be inverted and Eshelby’s equivalent ellipsoidal inclusion method can be used to find the stress and strain fields in both the matrix and inhomogeneity.
Spin-glass order parameter of the random-field Ising model

The Edwards-Anderson spin-glass order parameter $Q$ is calculated in the critical region for the randomfield Ising model. It is proportional to ${h}^{\frac{(d\ensuremath{-}2+\ensuremath{\eta})}{(1\ensuremath{-}\frac{\ensuremath{\eta}}{2})}}$ in $d$ dimensions for a root-mean-square random field $h$ and critical exponent $\ensuremath{\eta}$. Thus $Q$ approaches zero as $h\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, whereas simple linearized theory predicts it to diverge at the critical point of the pure system. The results are exact to order ${h}^{4}$ and in agreement with scaling theories. Numerical values are given both for $Q$ and the amplitude of the "Lorentzian-squared" structure factor.
Gender stereotyped descriptors in children's picture books: Does “curious Jane” exist in the literature?

This study examined the subtle effects of gender stereotyping in children's literature though the use of differential language and tested hypotheses derived from a feminist framework. Thirty Caldecott Medal and “honors” books for the period 1984–1994 were examined for prevalence of characters in titles, pictures, and central roles. Character descriptors were analyzed for meaning on four factors: potency, activity, evaluation, and gender association. Results show greater numbers of males than females in titles and pictures, with no difference in central roles. Males were described as more potent, active, and masculine than females. Contrary to prediction, the adjectives used for females were more positively evaluated than those used for males. Authors did not differ in their use of descriptors.
Blocking β-adrenergic signaling attenuates reductions in circulating leptin, cancellous bone mass, and marrow adiposity seen with dietary energy restriction

We tested whether β-adrenergic blockade attenuates bone loss and increased marrow adiposity during energy restriction (ER) and whether such an effect is associated with changes in serum leptin and ...
Perception of rotation in depth: the psychophysical evidence (abstract only)

There are a variety of ways in which motion in the environment can provide information about three-dimensional relationships. One transformation that has received increasing attention in both the visual perception literature and in the machine vision literature is rotation in depth. This transformation, which includes any rigid rotation other than a rotation about the line of sight, can provide both a strong impression of depth and specific information about three-dimensional relationships in a rotating object or pattern. Computational theories have been developed concerning the relationships that an observer can potentially extract from the information available in this transformation. If computational theories are to be compared to human performance, a systematic body of data on human perception of rotation in depth is required. Such a body of data has been developing, especially in the last few years. Most of these studies have used computer animation techniques introduced into this area of research by Green. It is now possible to derive some preliminary conclusions from these data about what information is actually used by observers, what sources of information are dominant when multiple sources are available, and what errors occur in perception that can provide insights into the processes that observers apply to this information.The objective of this paper is to bring together these empirical findings concerning the ability of human observers to perceive three-dimensional relationships on the basis of rotation in depth. It is intended to systematize and clarify the current state of knowledge in this area. The following sections are organized about a series of conclusions, ranging from general to specific, concerning three major issues in the perception of objects undergoing rotation in depth. The first is the relationship between perceived depth and perceived relative distance in a rotating object. Perceived depth refers to the three-dimensional structure of an object, without regard to the position of the observer (e.g., the perception of a sphere as a sphere rather than as a circle). Perceived relative distance (or depth order) refers to the perception of which parts of an object are closer and which are more distant (e.g., which is the near hemisphere in a transparent sphere). Perceived relative distance in rotating objects is usually measured with direction of rotation judgments. The remaining two issues concern the variables which determine perceived depth and those which determine judgments of relative distance.
Normative cross-sectional area of the brachial plexus and subclavian artery using ultrasonography.

Abstract Objective Ultrasonography has been used to measure the cross-sectional area (CSA) of peripheral nerves, but the CSA of the brachial plexus has not previously been reported. The purpose of this study was to establish a reference range of values for the CSA of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, and peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the subclavian artery in healthy subjects using ultrasonography. Methods Thirty-two asymptomatic subjects (19 men, 13 women) from a chiropractic college with an average age of 29.5 ± 9.6 participated in the study. The brachial plexus and subclavian artery CSA were measured at 3 locations: interscalene, first rib, and infraclavicular. The PSV of the subclavian artery was measured in both supraclavicular and infraclavicular locations. Each subject was imaged bilaterally. Means and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Interexaminer reliability was evaluated between 2 examiners on 15 randomly selected subjects. Results The average CSA for the brachial plexus at the interscalene space, first rib, and infraclavicular location was 0.75 ± 0.05, 0.96 ± 0.07, and 0.98 ± 0.07 cm 2 , respectively. The average CSA for the subclavian artery at the same locations was 0.35 ± 0.03, 0.38 ± 0.03, 0.35 ± 0.03 cm 2 , respectively. The average subclavian artery PSV in supraclavicular and infraclavicular locations was 98 ± 8 and 93 ± 7 cm/s, respectively. The overall interexaminer reliability was poor at 0.39 (0.20-0.55). Conclusions This is the first study to obtain normative CSA measurements of the brachial plexus and subclavian artery in multiple locations of the thoracic outlet as well as interexaminer reliability data. These data may be beneficial in future studies designed to assess the brachial plexus and subclavian artery in patients with thoracic outlet syndrome.
An Efficient and Cost-Effective Synthesis of Pagoclone

The compound (+)-2-(7-chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-3S-(5-methyl-2-oxohexyl)-1-isoindolinone (pagoclone) shows anxiolytic activity due to partial agonism of the benzodiazepine site of the GABAA rec...
Synthesis and characterization of a radiolabelled derivative of the phencyclidine/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ligand (+)MK-801 with high specific radioactivity

A [3H]-labelled derivative of the drug (+)MK-801 with a high specific radioactivity was synthesized by first preparing a tribromo derivative of (+)MK-801 followed by catalytic reduction in the presence of [3H]-gas and subsequent purification of the radioactive product by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). This resulted in pure (+) [3H]MK-801 with a specific radioactivity of 97 Ci/mmol. The (+) [3H]MK-801 was shown to interact with high affinity and selectivity with the phencyclidine (PCP) receptor in guinea pig brain membrane suspensions. The PCP receptor is associated with a cation channel that is chemically gated by glutamate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Drugs that interact with the PCP receptor block this channel. The (+) [3H]MK-801 described here will be useful to investigate the biochemistry of PCP/NMDA receptors in experiments where a high specific radioactivity is essential.
Current Readings: Issues Surrounding Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot

An increasing number of patients with congenital heart disease are surviving into adulthood, and many will require repeat surgical intervention. Those patients with tetralogy of Fallot likely represent the largest group. Of the clinically important complications that affect adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary regurgitation is the most common. Without intervention, pulmonary regurgitation results in dilation of the right ventricle and may lead to additional complications, such as biventricular dysfunction, arrhythmias, heart failure, and death. Pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) is a means to ameliorate these adverse sequelae and is the most common reoperation performed in adults with congenital heart disease. Although still controversial, much has been written on the indications for and timing of PVR. This article examines some of the less-reported issues surrounding PVR in repaired tetralogy of Fallot, including contemporary surgical outcomes, the role of the percutaneous and mechanical valve, and the role of concomitant aortic and tricuspid operations during PVR.
Impact of menopausal status on the behavior of pancreatic cystic neoplasms in women.

Purpose Pancreatic cystic neoplasms have predilections for occurring in young women, for containing "ovarian-like" stroma, and for expressing estrogen and progesterone receptors; these factors suggest a potentially important influence of the hormonal milieu on the biology of these tumors. Therefore, we examined the impact of menopausal status on the clinical features of pancreatic cystic neoplasms in women. Methods Seventy-six women with pancreatic cystic neoplasms treated at our institution from 1992 to 2003 were classified into 2 groups according to menopausal status based on the U.S. average menopausal age of 51 years: group I (premenopausal, ages 22–50; n=36) and group II (postmenopausal, ages 51–80; n=40). Chi-square and the 2-tailed t -tests compared categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were determined and compared with the log rank test. Results Abdominal pain at presentation occurred more commonly among group I than among group II patients (78% vs 48%, p Conclusions The clinicopathologic features of pancreatic cystic neoplasms in premenopausal women are not significantly different from those in postmenopausal women. Menopausal status should not bias diagnostic and treatment algorithms for women with these neoplasms.
A model based evaluation of a commonly used rule of thumb for warehouse layout

Abstract A model is formulated to describe the cost effects of alternative warehouse layouts in a dedicated storage warehouse that utilizes dual address order picking cycles. The model is utilized to evaluate a common warehouse layout rule of thumb where stock levels are determined using economic order quantities, and stock locations are obtained using the cube per order index. A simple heuristic procedure is devised to utilize the cost model to obtain warehouse layouts with lower total inventory and order picking cost than those obtained using the rule of thumb. Four test problems are generated to assess the difficulty of obtaining improved warehouse layouts. It is shown that the heuristic procedure can achieve significantly improved warehouse layouts with minimal computational effort.
Evaluating outcomes associated with a discharge action plan employing single-dose home use of ondansetron in patients with acute gastroenteritis

Acute gastroenteritis accounts for 1-2 million annual pediatric emergency department visits in the US. The current literature supports the use of antiemetics, such as ondansetron, in the emergency department, reporting improved oral rehydration, cessation of vomiting, and reduction in the need for intravenous rehydration. However, there remains concern that using these agents may "mask alternative diagnoses" and negatively impact patient care. We present a case series of 29 patients who received a pediatric emergency department discharge action plan which allowed for a dose of ondansetron to be dispensed by the clinician at the time of discharge. Patients were instructed to administer the ondansetron at home for treatment of ongoing nausea and vomiting any time after 6 hours from the time of emergency department discharge. These patients were followed up at 3-5 days following discharge to assess for outcomes. Implications of this discharge action plan and future directions are discussed.
False lock and bifurcation in the phase locked loop

New results are given on the phenomenon of false lock in phase locked loops (PLL). First, it is proved that for small values of closed loop gain $\delta $, there is only one function $\omega _f ( \delta )$ which represents the frequency error in a false locked Type I PLL. That is, there is only one false lock equilibrium point for $\delta $ in a neighborhood of the origin. Furthermore, this equilibrium point is stable. The proof establishes that bifurcation of periodic solutions does not occur at $\delta = 0$ in the nonlinear differential equation which describes the classical Type I PLL. This differs from the currently accepted theory presented in the literature. The existing theory claims that a multiplicity of such frequency error functions can exist for $\delta $ in a neighborhood of the origin and that each function corresponds to a point of false lock equilibrium. Furthermore, it is erroneously claimed that these (one or more) equilibrium points may be unstable. Next, a perturbation-based method for...
Sequencing and enhanced expression of the gene encoding diadenosine 5′,5‴-P1, P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) phosphorylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The gene, DTP, coding for diadenosine 5',5'''-P1, P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) phosphorylase was isolated from a Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic DNA library in lambda gt11. In yeast and Escherichia coli transformed with the multicopy vector, YEp352, containing the cloned DTP gene, the Ap4A phosphorylase was produced at levels nine- to 17-fold higher than in untransformed hosts. The nucleotide (nt) sequence was determined. The gene codes for a polypeptide chain of 321 amino acids (aa). Two-aa sequence motifs of possible significance were identified: a potential adenine nt binding site and a potential phosphorylation site. The DTP gene is located on yeast chromosome III and is present as a single copy. Although multicopy vector expression increased the Ap4A phosphorylase activity ninefold above the endogenous activity in transformed yeast, the intracellular concentration of Ap4A did not decrease and the growth rate of the yeast was unchanged.
Widespread distribution of a 7S RNA in archaebacteria.

An RNA of nonribosomal origin was found in the extreme halophilic bacteria. This novel small RNA was found to be a homogeneous species by RNA fingerprinting. Analysis of the ribonuclease T1 oligonucleotides gave no evidence of the presence of posttranscriptional modifications. Comparisons of electrophoretic mobility with other RNAs of known size suggest that this is a 7S RNA containing 325–375 nucleotides. An RNA of similar mobility was found in all major divisions of the archaebacteria. Insufficient sequence information is available to determine whether these RNAs are homologs of any other known small RNA.
The evolution of RISC technology at IBM

This paper traces the evolution of IBM RISC architecture from its origins in the 1970s at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center to the present-day IBM RISC System/6000* computer. The acronym RISC, for Reduced Instruction-Set Computer, is used in this paper to describe the 801 and subsequent architectures. However, RISC in this context does not strictly imply a reduced number of instructions, but rather a set of primitives carefully chosen to exploit the fastest component of the storage hierarchy and provide instructions that can be generated easily by compilers. We describe how these goals were embodied in the 801 architecture and how they have since evolved on the basis of experience and new technologies. The effect of this evolution is illustrated with the results of several benchmark tests of CPU performance.
An Akaike information criterion for model selection in the presence of incomplete data

Abstract We derive and investigate a variant of AIC, the Akaike information criterion, for model selection in settings where the observed data is incomplete. Our variant is based on the motivation provided for the PDIO (‘predictive divergence for incomplete observation models’) criterion of Shimodaira (1994, in: Selecting Models from Data: Artificial Intelligence and Statistics IV, Lecture Notes in Statistics, vol. 89, Springer, New York, pp. 21–29). However, our variant differs from PDIO in its ‘goodness-of-fit’ term. Unlike AIC and PDIO, which require the computation of the observed-data empirical log-likelihood, our criterion can be evaluated using only complete-data tools, readily available through the EM algorithm and the SEM (‘supplemented’ EM) algorithm of Meng and Rubin (Journal of the American Statistical Association 86 (1991) 899–909). We compare the performance of our AIC variant to that of both AIC and PDIO in simulations where the data being modeled contains missing values. The results indicate that our criterion is less prone to overfitting than AIC and less prone to underfitting than PDIO.
Newspapers and citizenship: Young adults’ subjective experience of newspapers

American newspaper executives and conservative critics complain that young adults who don't read newspapers and lack a knowledge of basic facts may be unprepared to become informed citizens. Studies also correlate newspaper reading with political interest. Young readers, who begin with comics and turn to newspapers for entertainment, do not find political news meaningful. This study explored what the newspaper means to young adults. Some 164 college students wrote autobiographies of their newspaper experiences. Using qualitative and demographic methods, this analysis constructs a composite narrative of how young adults are introduced to newspapers as children, interact with them in the school years, and eventually become regular users. Although they acknowledge the received definition of newspapers as factual sources for citizens, young adults experience the newspaper as a ritual, a symbol, and a tool. They consider the facts in newspapers boring because they deal with contexts unrelated to their lives.
The Effect of Additives on Glycine Crystal Growth Kinetics

Abstract The effect of α-amino acids ("tailor-made" additives) on the morphology and nucleation of glycine crystals was studied in batch experiments, and the effect of L-leucine on glycine crystal growth kinetics was investigated in flow cell experiments at constant supersaturation. From dissolution and growth experiments in a flow cell system, L-leucine was found to adsorb onto the (010) face of glycine crystals and to inhibit the growth of that face, modifying the crystal habit. At high L-leucine concentrations (>8 mg/ml), the growth rate of the (010), (011), and (011) faces was faster than that in the absence of additive. This may be the result of the effect L-leucine has on the crystal/solution interfacial tension and on the aggregation of glycine in solution. Oriented nucleation and growth of glycine crystals on the (010) face were observed. This may be a consequence of multilayer L-leucine adsorption onto the (010) face, which provides a template for nucleation and growth of glycine twinned crystals about the (010) basal plane.
Relation between short-term fine-particulate matter exposure and onset of myocardial infarction.

Background: Epidemiologic studies have reported increases in the incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and myocardial infarction (MI) associated with increases in short-term and daily levels of fine-particulate matter air pollution, suggesting a role for particulate matter in triggering an MI. Methods: We studied the association between onset time of MI and preceding hourly measures of fine-particulate matter using a case-crossover study of 5793 confirmed cases of acute MI. We linked data from a community-wide database on acute MI from 1988–1994 in King County, Washington, with central site air pollution monitoring data on fine-particulate matter determined by nephelometry. We compared air pollution exposure levels averaged 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 24 hours before MI onset to a set of time-stratified referent exposures from the same day of the week in the month of the case event. Results: The estimated relative risk for a 10-μg/m3 increase in fine-particulate matter the hour before MI onset was 1.01 (95% CI = 0.98–1.05). Analyses of pollutant levels at the other time points demonstrated a similar lack of association. No increased risk was found in all cases with preexisting cardiac disease (odds ratio = 1.05; 0.95–1.16). Stratification by known cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, and smoking status) also did not modify the relation between fine-particulate matter and MI onset. Conclusion: Although a very small effect cannot be excluded, there was no consistent association between ambient levels of fine-particulate matter and risk of MI onset.
Effect of message content on communication processes in intercultural and same-culture instant messaging conversations

In this paper we explore how and why communication problems such as lack of understanding, low involvement, and negative emotions emerged during the computer-mediated conversations of same-culture and cross-culture pairs. We used retrospective analysis, in which pairs of cross-culture and same-culture American and Chinese participants collaborated on a crime-solving task via Instant Messaging (IM), and later reviewed their IM conversations to report their thoughts and feelings on a minute-by-minute basis. We found differences in the types of messages people produced based on the cultural combination of the pairs. We also found that the content of their partner's messages influenced participants' involvement and negative emotions during the conversation. Our results provide insights into the conversational processes of computer-mediated intercultural teams, and have implications for the design of intercultural collaboration tools.
Nortriptyline in the Treatment of ADHD: A Chart Review of 58 Cases

Abstract Objective The potential benefit of the tricyclic antidepressant medication, nortriptyline (NT), in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was evaluated. Method A systematic search was conducted from a computerized data base of all clinic patients in an outpatient pediatric psychopharmacology unit treated with NT for ADHD. The records of the 58 subjects identified (37 children and 21 adolescents) were reviewed for overall response, dose, serum levels, and adverse effects. Results Ninety-seven percent of the identified subjects had failed to respond to an average of four previous medication trials, 84% had at least one comorbid diagnosis with ADHD, and 47% were receiving at least one concurrent medication. NT doses ranged from 0.4 to 4.5 mg/kg (X ± SD = 2.0 ± 1.0 mg/kg) and subjects received NT from 0.4 to 57.9 months (11.9 ± 14.0 months). Overall, 76% of subjects were considered to have a moderate to marked improvement by an independent rater, which was corroborated by their clinicians. There was no association between response and age, rate of comorbidity, number of previous medication trials, or concurrent pharmacotherapy (all p NS). Although there were no overall differences in serum NT levels between responders and nonresponders, significantly more patients within the suggested therapeutic range in adults of 50 to 150 ng/ml were classified as “markedly improved” than those outside this range (68% versus 35%, p Conclusions These findings suggest that NT may be an effective well-tolerated agent for ADHD children and adolescents. Additional controlled investigations utilizing NT for ADHD should be undertaken.
INTERSTITIAL CELL STIMULATING HORMONE I. BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES11

THE SECRETION by the pituitary of two hormones with specific effects on the I gonadshas been recognized for some time. While the properties of one of these, the substance stimulatingovarian follicular development (FSH), have been sufficiently characterized, no such general agreement has been reached regarding the other component. Fevold has described the isolation of a luteinizing hormone, “LH” (i). This sub- stance either alone or in combination with FSH (the latter is the more recent opinion of the author (2)) increases the weights of testes and accessories in immature normal and hypophysectomized male rats and may be measured by its effect on the seminal vesicles; another method of assay suggested by this author is based on his finding that LH in combination with FSH very strikingly increases the ovarian weights over those produced by FSH alone, an effect called “augmentation.”
Examining Pre-migration Health Among Filipino Nurses

The healthy immigrant hypothesis asserts that immigrants arrive in the receiving country healthier than same race/ethnic counterparts born there. Contemporary research, however, has not evaluated pre-migration health among migrants, nor has explicitly considered comparisons with non-migrants in the country of origin. Pre-migration health was examined among 621 Filipino nurses, including self-reported physical health, mental health, health behaviors, and social stress. Measures were compared by intention to migrate and also tested as predictors of actual migration using time-to-event analysis. Nurses intending to migrate had higher proportion of depression and reported higher general perceived stress compared to those not. Predictors of actual migration included age, mentally unhealthy days, social strain, and social support. Physical health and health behavior measures had no association with migration intention or actual migration. Findings suggest that, relative to those not intending to migrate, nurses intending to migrate have worse mental health status and social stress; and, do not have a physical health advantage. Future research must span the pre- to post-migration continuum to better understand the impact of moving from one country to another on health and well-being.
COFACTORS OF TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses cofactors of tyrosine hydroxylase. The kinetic and regulatory properties of tyrosine hydroxylase are largely determined by the structure of the cofactor with which the enzyme is functioning. The stoichiometry of the reaction catalyzed by tyrosine hydroxylase varies with the cofactor. In the presence of tetrahydrobiopterin, there is tight coupling between tetrahydropterin oxidation and dopa formed, that is, the ratio of these two quantities is close to one. In the presence of DMPH4, the commercially available, commonly used analog of the naturally-occurring cofactor, however, the hydroxylation reaction is only loosely coupled to tetrahydropterin oxidation and the ratio of tetrahydropterin oxidized to dopa formed is about 1.75. This analog-induced uncoupling phenomenon, which was first discovered with phenylalanine hydroxylase, leads to the formation of an abnormal product in the hydroxylation reaction, that is, H2O2 which could in itself alter the characteristics of the enzyme. A summary of the stoichiometry of the hydroxylation reaction in the presence of various model cofactors is also described in the chapter.
DECREASED HYPOXIC, HYPEROXIC AND BRADYCARDIC EPISODES AS RESPONSES OF NEONATES TO THEOPHYLLINE

Transcutaneous PO2 (tcPO2) is a new approach to the evaluation of drug effects. We investigated the effect of theophylline on 4 prematures (1130-1720 g) with apnea. TcPO2, heart rate (beat-to-beat) and thoracic impedance were continuously monitored during each of three 4-hour study periods; 12 hr before T, 12 hr after initiation of T2, (administered as aminophylline, 8 mg/kg per rectum q 12 hr × 2, 4 mg/kg q 12 hr × 1-4 d) and 24-58 hr after discontinuing. Plasma levels were measured by a radio-immunoassay developed in our lab. Polygraphic recordings were analyzed without knowledge of treatment. In each case during T, cardiorespiratory patterns were altered, with more regular respirations, apneic spells were reduced, PO2 was stabilized resulting in less hypoxia and hyperoxia and the number of bradycardic episodes decreased. These beneficial effects reverted upon cessation of short-term therapy.
New folds of plant lectins

Among the crystal structures of lectins determined recently, three--snowdrop lectin, jacalin and amaranthin--represent new lectin families. Their polypeptide folds share remarkably similar features and consist exclusively of beta structure. Autonomously folded beta-sheet subdomains, inter-related by a pseudothreefold symmetry, assemble to form beta-prism or beta-barrel structures which are stabilized by a hydrophobic core.
Fine structure and resonance transitions in C

Significant features in the collision strengths for electron-impact excitation of the fine-structure transition 2P0 1/2 - 2P0 3/2 and the resonance transition 2P0 - 2D in C(+) are discussed based on improved calculations. The former transition gives rise to a well-known (2,3) line in the infrared spectra of many astrophysical sources.
Implementation of switch network logic in SOI

Implementation of switch network logic (SNL) in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology is examined. The effect of substrate connection is considered in order to examine the behavior of MOSFET as a switch. A situation that causes an extremely high leakage current through the substrate is discussed. This large current through the substrate restricts the switch-level modeling for SOI MOSFETs and hence the SNL implementation. A simple procedure is presented that provides an optimized design for SOI implementation. >
Capabilities Of Broadly-Tunable Free-Electron Lasers

Recent experimental demonstrations of free-electron laser oscillators are attracting the attention of research and industrial chemists. The inherent properties of these photon sources, the operating parameters of successful oscillators, and potential chemical applications are reviewed. 26 references, 2 figures, 3 tables.
Lymphatic endothelial cell line (CH3) from a recurrent retroperitoneal lymphangioma

An endothelial cell line derived from a massive recurrent chyle-containing retroperitoneal lymphangioma was isolated in monolayer culture. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry confirmed a close resemblance to blood vascular endothelium with typical cobblestone morphology, positive immunofluorescence staining for endothelial marker Factor VIII-associated antigen and fibronectin, and prominent Weibel-Palade bodies. The endothelial cells also exhibited other ultrastructural features characteristic of lymphatic endothelium, including sparse microvillous surface projections, overlapping intercellular junctions, and abundant intermediate filaments. This endothelial cell line represents a new source of proliferating lymphatic endothelium for future study, including structural and functional comparison to blood vascular endothelium.
Comparison of university and private-practice orthodontic treatment outcomes with the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system

Introduction: Treatment outcomes and duration of treatment for patients treated in university graduate orthodontic programs and private orthodontic practices were assessed and compared with the ABO objective grading system. Methods: The treatment records of 139 randomly selected adolescents who had received comprehensive orthodontic treatment were examined. Seventy-seven subjects had been treated in 3 postgraduate orthodontic clinics, and 62 had been treated in 3 private orthodontic practices. Pretreatment, all subjects had Class II Division 1 malocclusions and ANB angles equal to or greater than 4°. All patients were treated with premolar extractions. Posttreatment dental casts were measured and scored with the ABO objective grading system. Results: No significant differences were found between the groups in the alignment, buccolingual inclination, and overjet components. Patients treated in private practice had significantly lower scores for marginal ridge height and occlusal relationship. Patients treated in the university programs had significantly lower scores for occlusal contact and interproximal contact components. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the overall score, thus no significant difference in the overall quality of orthodontic treatment outcome between patients treated in university programs and private practices. However, the university group had a significantly larger sample variance for the overall score. There was no significant difference in the duration of the treatment between patients treated in a university setting and in a private practice.
Buckling failure of the automated planet finder spectrometer determinate spaceframe

The Ken and Gloria Levy Spectrometer is now operational at a new 2.4 meter telescope on Mt. Hamilton. Together the spectrometer and telescope comprise the Automated Planet Finder (APF), a radial velocity instrument. A catastrophic failure occurred during transit as the instrument was being shipped to the observatory. Several struts buckled in the space frame that supported the echelle grating. This event has caused UCO/Lick to re-evaluate design methodology and how engineering safety factors apply to this type of structure. This paper describes the shipping container design, events during shipment, the failure mechanism, testing and analysis of a remedy, and its implementation. We also suggest design changes to prevent similar failures in the future.
Optically induced bifurcations in laser direct-write metallization

Abstract The bifurcation behavior in laser direct-write deposition of palladium features from palladium acetate films on quartz substrates is examined. Experiments using a scanning laser slit and calculations using a corresponding one-dimensional model indicate that nonlinear changes in the optical properties of the film during decomposition can lead to both steady state multiplicity and dynamic instabilities. The experimental results also indicate that the formation of a molten zone contributes to the optical changes that lead to periodic behavior.
Evaluation at atomic resolution of the role of strain in destabilizing the temperature-sensitive T4 lysozyme mutant Arg 96 --> His.

Mutant R96H is a classic temperature-sensitive mutant of bacteriophage T4 lysozyme. It was in fact the first variant of the protein to be characterized structurally. Subsequently, it has been studied extensively by a variety of experimental and computational techniques, but the reasons for the loss of stability of the mutant protein remain controversial. In the crystallographic refinement of the mutant structure at 1.9 A resolution one of the bond angles at the site of substitution appeared to be distorted by about 11°, and it was suggested that this steric strain was one of the major factors in destabilizing the mutant. Different computationally-derived models of the mutant structure, however, did not show such distortion. To determine the geometry at the site of mutation more reliably, we have extended the resolution of the data and refined the wildtype (WT) and mutant structures to be better than 1.1 A resolution. The high-resolution refinement of the structure of R96H does not support the bond angle distortion seen in the 1.9 A structure determination. At the same time, it does confirm other manifestations of strain seen previously including an unusual rotameric state for His96 with distorted hydrogen bonding. The rotamer strain has been estimated as about 0.8 kcal/mol, which is about 25% of the overall reduction in stability of the mutant. Because of concern that contacts from a neighboring molecule in the crystal might influence the geometry at the site of mutation we also constructed and analyzed supplemental mutant structures in which this crystal contact was eliminated. High-resolution refinement shows that the crystal contacts have essentially no effect on the conformation of Arg96 in WT or on His96 in the R96H mutant.
Assessment of minimal residual disease in patients with acute leukemia

The use of highly sensitive and specific assays to detect residual disease in patients with acute leukemia should provide a basis for optimizing therapy and maximizing each patient's chance of cure. Strategies for detecting residual disease are based on biologic properties that allow acute leukemia cells to be distinguished from normal marrow cells. Techniques used to detect residual disease in acute leukemia include the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and multiparameter flow cytometry. Contributions to the field published in the past year are reviewed in this article.
Coyote: a system for constructing fine-grain configurable communication services

Communication-oriented abstractions such as atomic multicast, group RPC, and protocols for location-independent mobile computing can simplify the development of complex applications built on distributed systems. This article describes Coyote, a system that supports the construction of highly modular and configurable versions of such abstractions. Coyote extends the notion of protocol objects and hierarchical composition found in existing systems with support for finer-grain microprotocol objects and a nonhierarchical composition scheme for use within a single layer of a protocol stack. A customized service is constructed by selecting microprotocols based on their semantic guarantees and configuring them together with a standard runtime system to form a composite protocol implementing the service. This composite protocol is then composed hierarchically with other protocols to form a complete network subsystem. The overall approach is described and illustrated with examples of services that have been constructed using Coyote, including atomic multicast, group RPC, membership, and mobile computing protocols. A prototype implementation based on extending x-kernel version 3.2 running on Mach 3.0 with support for microprotocols is also presented, together with performance results from a suite of microprotocols from which over 60 variants of group RPC can be constructed.
Assisting the Working Poor in the USA

Max J. Skidmore reviews Boosting Paychecks: The Politics of Supporting America's Working Poor, by Daniel P. Gitterman.
Evidence for human leukocyte antigen heterozygote advantage against hepatitis C virus infection.

Outcomes of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) vary widely, from asymptomatic clearance to chronic infection, leading to complications that include fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Previous studies have reported statistical associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) heterozygosity and favorable outcomes of infection with either hepatitis B virus (HBV) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (the “heterozygote advantage”). To investigate whether HLA zygosity is associated with outcome of HCV infection, we used data from the United States Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database of 52,435 liver transplant recipients from 1995 through 2005. Of these, 30,397 were excluded for lack of HLA data, retransplantation, known HIV infection, or insufficient information regarding HBV infection. The remaining cases were analyzed for associations between HCV infection and HLA zygosity with 1-sided Fisher's exact tests. Results show significantly lower proportions of HLA-DRB1 heterozygosity among HCV-infected than uninfected cases. The differences were more pronounced with alleles represented as functional supertypes (P = 1.05 × 10−6) than as low-resolution genotypes (P = 1.99 × 10−3). No significant associations between zygosity and HCV infection were found for other HLA loci. Conclusion: These findings constitute evidence for an advantage among carriers of different supertype HLA-DRB1 alleles against HCV infection progression to end-stage liver disease in a large-scale, long-term study population. Considering HLA polymorphism in terms of supertype diversity is recommended in strategies to design association studies for robust results across populations and in trials to improve treatment options for patients with chronic viral infection. Access to deidentified clinical information relating genetic variation to viral infection improves understanding of variation in infection outcomes and might help to personalize medicine with treatment options informed in part by human genetic variation. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)