cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA)

Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) instruments obtain and compare reports and ratings from multiple informants to assess the behavioral, emotional, and social problems and adaptive functioning of people from age 1½ to 90+ years. With translations in 90 languages, ASEBA instruments have multicultural norms with which to evaluate scores in relation to norms for many societies. Over 8,000 publications report use of the ASEBA in 80 societies and cultures. ASEBA scales include adaptive functioning, competence, empirically derived syndromes, DSM-oriented scales, internalizing, externalizing, and total problems. ASEBA instruments facilitate family-based assessment by providing parallel scale scores for parent and child problems. Practitioners can show each parent the profiles scored from their self-ratings and their partner's ratings of them, as well as profiles scored from their own ratings, teacher ratings, and self-ratings of their child. Keywords: psychopathology; assessment; multiculturalism
Linear analysis for determining and visualizing critical thermal boundaries of power systems

System operators need to constantly assess the security of a power system and take actions in order to maintain safe operation. To do this, they need to quantify the proximity of the security constraints, determine the most critical ones, and then execute a set of actions designed to restore safety margins. A particularly important set of security constraints is thermal overload limits of transformers and transmission lines. However, current thermal security assessment practices typically rely on guessing critical power transfers, require repetitive computer simulations, and are limited to two-dimensional nomograms that are constructed off-line. We present techniques for making this process more efficient and effective that use a linear system model and are based on the analysis of a polyhedron in the space of generator and load powers. These techniques have been tested on three real power networks, one of which has 45k buses.
General Aviation Design Synthesis Utilizing Interactive Computer Graphics

Interactive computer graphics is a fast growing area of computer application, due to such factors as substantial cost reductions in hardware, general availability of software, and expanded data communication networks. In addition to allowing faster and more meaningful input/output, computer graphics permits the use of data in graphic form to carry out parametric studies for configuration selection and for assessing the impact of advanced technologies on general aviation designs. The incorporation of interactive computer graphics into a NASA developed general aviation synthesis program is described, and the potential uses of the synthesis program in preliminary design are demonstrated.
State/event-based LTL model checking under parametric generalized fairness

In modeling a concurrent system, fairness constraints are usually considered at a specific granularity level of the system, leading to many different variants of fairness: transition fairness, object/process fairness, actor fairness, etc. These different notions of fairness can be unified by making explicit their parametrization over the relevant entities in the system as universal quantification. We propose a state/event-based framework as well as an on-the-fly model checking algorithm to verify LTL properties under universally quantified parametric fairness assumptions, specified by generalized strong/weak fairness formulas. It enables verification of temporal properties under fairness conditions associated to dynamic entities such as new process creations. We have implemented our algorithm within the Maude system.
Adenosine deaminase from calf spleen: II. Chemical and enzymological properties

Abstract Data are reported on the sedimentation velocity of calf spleen adenosine deaminase, as well as on the molecular weight as determined by Sephadex chromatography. The amino acid composition is given, and the presence of neutral and amino sugars is demonstrated. Enzymological properties, specificity, stability, and inhibitor effects are described.
Identification and characterization of human endothelial cell membrane binding sites for tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase.

Cultured human endothelial cells synthesize and secrete two types of plasminogen activator, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase (u-PA). Previous work from this laboratory (Hajjar, K.A., Hamel, N. M., Harpel, P. C., and Nachman, R. L. (1987) J. Clin. Invest. 80, 1712-1719) has demonstrated dose-dependent, saturable, and high affinity binding of t-PA to two sites associated with cultural endothelial cell monolayers. We now report that an isolated plasma membrane-enriched endothelial cell fraction specifically binds 125I-t-PA at a single saturable site (Kd 9.1 nM; Bmax 3.1 pmol/mg membrane protein). Ligand blotting experiments demonstrated that both single and double-chain t-PA specifically bound to a Mr 40,000 membrane protein present in detergent extracts of isolated membranes, while high molecular weight, low molecular weight, and single-chain u-PA associated with a Mr 48,000 protein. Both binding interactions were reversible and cell-specific and were inhibitable by pretreatment of intact cells with nanomolar concentrations of trypsin. The relevant binding proteins were not found in subendothelial cell matrix, failed to react with antibodies to plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and interacted with their respective ligands in an active site-independent manner. The isolated t-PA binding site was resistant to reduction and preserved the capacity for plasmin generation. In contrast, the isolated u-PA binding protein was sensitive to reduction, and did not maintain the catalytic activity of the ligand on the blot. The results suggest that in addition to sharing a matrix-associated binding site (plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), both t-PA and u-PA have unique membrane binding sites which may regulate their function. The results also provide further support for the hypothesis that plasminogen and t-PA can assemble on the endothelial cell surface in a manner which enhances cell surface generation of plasmin.
Prospecting for hotspot roots

Oceanic islands such as Iceland and Hawaii are thought to be the result of upwelling plumes of material from within the Earth's mantle. But at what depth do such plumes originate? New seismological analyses place the source as far down as the core-mantle boundary, 2,900 km beneath the Earth's surface.
Behold Their Quarter'd Fires

Brian Winston _Fires Were Started_ London: British Film Institute, 1999 ISBN 0-85170-773-4 79 pp.
A Unified Process Model of Syntactic and Semantic Error Recovery in Sentence Understanding.

The development of models of human sentence processing has traditionally followed one of two paths. Either the model posited a sequence of processing modules, each with its own task-specific knowledge (e.g., syntax and semantics), or it posited a single processor utilizing different types of knowledge inextricably integrated into a monolithic knowledge base. Our previous work in modeling the sentence processor resulted in a model in which different processing modules used separate knowledge sources but operated in parallel to arrive at the interpretation of a sentence. One highlight of this model is that it offered an explanation of how the sentence processor might recover from an error in choosing the meaning of an ambiguous word. Recent experimental work by Laurie Stowe strongly suggests that the human sentence processor deals with syntactic error recovery using a mechanism very much like that proposed by our model of semantic error recovery. Another way to interpret Stowe's finding is this: the human sentence processor consists of a single unified processing module utilizing multiple independent knowledge sources in parallel. A sentence processor built upon this architecture should at times exhibit behavior associated with modular approaches, and at other times act like an integrated system. In this paper we explore some of these ideas via a prototype computational model of sentence processing called COMPERE, and propose a set of psychological experiments for testing our theories.
Fluticasone furoate, a novel corticosteroid, maintains glucocorticoid receptor nuclear localisation for 24 hours after washout in monocytes

Background: Fluticasone furoate (FF) is a novel corticosteroid (CS) under development for inhaled once daily administration for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. CS act via binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Upon activation, GR translocates into the nucleus, an essential prerequisite for CS function. In dose-ranging studies in asthmatics, FF had 24 hour (h) duration of efficacy. We hypothesized, therefore, that the sustained activity of FF is due to prolonged GR nuclear translocation. Method: The effects of FF on GR nuclear translocation over a 24h time-course was examined in U937 monocytes. In addition, we compared the effect of a 20h washout on GR nuclear localisation following treatment with FF for 4h. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis analysis and results represented as mean±SEM. Results: FF significantly induced GR nuclear translocation in a time- (2-24hr) and concentration- (10 –11 –10 –7 M) dependent manner (p –7 M) significantly increased nuclear GR levels at 4h (5.4±0.57 fold increase, p –7 M) treatment as seen with continual FF exposure (5.7±0.85 versus 6.6±0.92 fold increase, p=ns). Conclusions: FF induced GR nuclear translocation in a time and concentration dependent manner. Exposure of cells to FF for 4h was as effective as continued exposure for 24h. Funded by GlaxoSmithKline.
The universal force of free choice any

This paper adds to the ongoing debate about the quantificational status of English FC any. It argues that any is a universal, though its universality is such that it can be conjoined with an existential statement. This is established by showing, first of all, that various properties that are amenable to a universal account of FC any remain elusive in recent accounts that treat it as an indefinite. Secondly, it presents a detailed description of supplementary/numeral any, cases in which any occurs with an indefinite. Such cases have been assumed to provide evidence for the indefinite-any view but an explicit semantics for the constructions is given, showing that any invariably contributes universal quantificational force. Existential force always comes from other elements. The paper also discusses alternative formulations that preserve the key insights of the universalist position and the role of cross-linguistic variation in the study of FC items.
Political ecology I: An alliance with resilience?

Resilience is an ecological term that has proven to be exceedingly malleable as it has grown in usage across a range of scholarly and policy communities. Despite its malleability, resilience does i...
A power-law sensitivity analysis of the hydrogen-producing metabolic pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Abstract Melis et al. have demonstrated that the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, when deprived of sulfur, can produce hydrogen gas for ∼70 h , then can resume hydrogen gas production after a brief period of “recharging” in the presence of sulfur. Here we describe an S-system model of H2 production by C. reinhardtii. Through that model we investigate the sensitivity of H2 production to photosynthetic efficiency, and to contention for the protons produced by the photolysis of water, between hydrogen production on the one hand, and ATP consumption by cellular functions outside the H2 production path on the other. The model identifies for experimental investigation several potential systemic constraints on any genetic re-engineering effort aimed at increasing the H2 production efficiency of the alga.
India ink-gelatin vascular injection of skeletal tissues.

Dogs under sodium pentothal anesthesia were given 100 mg of heparin intravenously and, 15 min later, exsanguinated. A mixture consisting of Higgins India ink #4415, 1 part, and a 14% solution of calfskin gelatin, 1 part, was injected (at 37° C) into the femoral artery of a disarticulated hindlimb. A pump-type 5 ml hypodermic syringe was connected with a gravity-feed reservoir that contained the injection mass, with a filter in the outflow from the reservoir. Veins severed by the disarticulation of the limb permitted a free flow of the injection fluid out of the vascular tree. After injection of about 400 ml of fluid by pumping the syringe, the limb was chilled (—20° C) to solidify the gelatin. Specimens from cleaned bones were sawed out and fixed in Zenker-formalin solution for 24 hr, then decalcified with 6% sulfosalicylic acid. The technique was completed by embedding in celloidin and sectioning. Blood vessels in both cortical and trabecular regions were completely filled by the injection mass.
Axial ratio of an antenna illuminated by an imperfectly circularly polarized source

A method for determining the axial ratio of an antenna illuminated by an imperfectly circularly polarized source is described. This method requires measurements of the right- and left-handed amplitude components and their relative phases for both the receiving and transmitting (or source) antennas. From these measured data and, of course, the theory of power transfer between the source and receiving antennas, an algorithm is derived for the actual axial ratio of the receiving antenna. Illustrative results showing the effects of the phase angle are presented.
Transforming Fair Use Online: The Ninth Circuit's Productive-Use Analysis of Visual Search Engines

Courts have increasingly looked to the concept of “transformative use” to determine whether the use of a copyrighted work is protected under the fair use doctrine. Judge Pierre Leval's definition of transformative use, adopted by the Supreme Court of the United States in its 1994 opinion in Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., requires that a transformative use must (1) be socially beneficial, (2) be used in a different way or purpose from the original, and (3) add value to the original by using it as raw material to create something new. This article examines the fair use analysis undertaken by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in two recent cases involving visual search engines and concludes that the court's test of transformative use ignored the language and the meaning of the Campbell definition and instead equated a finding of a different purpose with a finding of a transformative use. This departure from traditional transformative use analysis, if generally adopted by the court...
Programming for Agricultural Development: The Case of Egypt

A multiregional linear programming model incorporating the agronomic and institutional characteristics of Egyptian agriculture is constructed. Substantial gains would arise from crop reallocation between regions based on comparative advantage. The programmed gains would not require large additional investments or technical improvements.
Perceiving Objects Across Gaps in Space and Time

guage Development, N.A. Krasnegor, D.M. Rum baugh, M. Studdert-Kennedy, and R.L. Schiefel busch, Eds. (Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1991). 5. E. Thelen, Dynamical systems and the gen eration of individual differences, in Individual Dif ferences in Infancy: Reliability, Stability, and Predic tion, J. Colombo and J.W. Fagen, Eds. (Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1990). 6. E. Thelen and B.D. Ulrich, Hidden skills: A dynamic systems analysis of treadmill stepping dur ing the first year, Monographs of the Society for Re search in Child Development, 56(1, Serial No. 223, 1991). 7. E. Thelen, D. Corbetta, K. Kamm, J.P. Spen cer, K. Schneider, and R.F. Zernicke, The transition to reaching: Mapping intention and intrinsic dynam ics, Child Development (in press). 8. L.B. Smith and E. Thelen, Eds., Dynamic Sys tems in Development: Applications (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, in press). 9. L.B. Smith and M.D. Sera, A developmental analysis of the polar structure of dimensions, Cog nitive Psychology, 24, 99-142 (1992). 10. P. van Geert, A dynamic systems model of cognitive and language growth, Psychological Re view, 98, 3-53 (1991). 11. S.S. Robertson, Behavioral chaos: Beyond the metaphor, in Dynamic Systems in Development: Applications, L.B. Smith and E. Thelen, Eds. (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, in press).
Role of renal portal valve in the shunting of blood flow in renal and hepatic circulations of chickens

Abstract 1. The role of the renal portal valve in the shunting of blood from the renal portal to hepatic portal circulation was tested by infusion of cholinergic and adrenergic agents in vivo in amounts known to close and open the valve in vitro (isolated). 2. The valve could not be closed in vivo by cholinergic agents.
Application of sturmian functions to the Schroedinger three-body problem: Elastic e+-H scattering

Abstract The properties of a set of eigenfunctions closely related to Schroedinger wave functions are exploited to deal with certain three-body problems. These functions, termed Sturmian functions, have a distinct advantage over Schroedinger functions when used as an expansion basis since they form a complete set without a continuum, regardless of the potential existing between the particles. This enables one to examine, for example, the mechanism of polarization of the deuteron in elastic N-D scattering. Further use of the Sturmian functions can be made in describing elastic scattering of electrons and positrons from hydrogen. A detailed calculation of elastic scattering of positrons from atomic hydrogen is carried out. It is shown that Sturmian functions converge rapidly when they are used as an expansion basis, and provide phase shifts which are slightly greater than rigorous lower bounds provided by a variational treatment.
Dynamics of a mussel longline system

Abstract The equations of the three dimensional motion of a submerged mussel longline system are formulated using Kane's formalism. The line is modelled using lumped masses and tension-only springs including structural damping. The mussel culture is modelled as lumped masses attached to the main line. Surface waves are described by Stokes’ second order wave theory. The hydrodynamic loads due to viscous drag are applied via a Morison's equation approach using the instantaneous relative velocities between the fluid field and the attached buoys and mussel masses. The detailed algorithm is presented and the equations are solved using a robust implementation of the Runge–Kutta method provided in matlab .
On far-field quantum states in optical communication (Corresp.)

The recent issues surrounding the feasibility of greatly improved far-field optical communication via the use of nonclassical quantum states are analyzed.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antiarrhythmic agents in patients with congestive heart failure

Changes in the pharmacokinetics of antiarrhythmic agents may be anticipated in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), although the magnitude or direction of change is not always predictable. Factors complicating antiarrhythmic therapy in patients with CHF include both physiologic changes resulting from the disease state and unwanted effects of drug therapy for CHF. The volume of distribution is often significantly decreased (by as much as 50%) and loading doses should be reduced proportionately. Decreased blood flow to the liver and kidneys and decreased hepatic drug-metabolizing activity serve to diminish drug clearance. In some cases, simultaneous decreases in volume of distribution and clearance may result in little, if any, change in elimination half-life, despite higher plasma concentrations. Conversely, the elimination half-life of antiarrhythmic agents may be doubled in patients with CHF, necessitating a reduction in dosage. In the latter case, the time needed to reach steady state is lengthened, so that premature escalation of dosage may lead to excessive drug accumulation. In terms of their pharmacodynamics, most antiarrhythmic agents have a degree of negative inotropic effect at some concentration, and patients with reduced myocardial reserve are especially vulnerable to these effects. Some of the newer agents (such as tocainide, mexiletine, and encainide) appear to cause only minimal myocardial depression. Potential complications during therapy with all antiarrhythmic agents that are of special concern in patients with CHF include diuretic-induced hypokalemia, proarrhythmia, and possible interactions with cardiac glycosides and other drugs. Therapy for patients with CHF should be initiated with low doses of the agent selected, and the dosage carefully titrated while the patient is monitored, to confirm both efficacy and the absence of adverse effects. During subsequent outpatient therapy the patient should be carefully observed for sign of unexpected reactions, toxicity, or electrolyte imbalance.
Individualized asthma self-management: a beginning.

(1991). Individualized Asthma Self-Management: A Beginning. Journal of Asthma: Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 287-289.
Rearing Pales Weevils on Soil Beds Containing Pine Bolts

A rearing technique that approximated field conditions was developed for Hylobius pales (Herbst). Loblolly pine bolts were buried in screened soil beds in the greenhouse or buried with ends exposed in field enclosures, and adult weevils were introduced. Sand, sand-clay, peat, litter, and sawdust were used as bedding materials. Fewer offspring were produced on pine bolts placed in sand than on bolts in other bedding materials. The ratio of females to offspring produced was most efficient when 20 females were introduced per bed. Associated organisms, weights, sex ratios, and diel behavior of bed-reared and field-collected weevils were compared.
The Relationship of Sugar to Population-Level Diabetes Prevalence: An Econometric Analysis of Repeated Cross-Sectional Data

While experimental and observational studies suggest that sugar intake is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes, independent of its role in obesity, it is unclear whether alterations in sugar intake can account for differences in diabetes prevalence among overall populations. Using econometric models of repeated cross-sectional data on diabetes and nutritional components of food from 175 countries, we found that every 150 kcal/person/day increase in sugar availability (about one can of soda/day) was associated with increased diabetes prevalence by 1.1% (p <0.001) after testing for potential selection biases and controlling for other food types (including fibers, meats, fruits, oils, cereals), total calories, overweight and obesity, period-effects, and several socioeconomic variables such as aging, urbanization and income. No other food types yielded significant individual associations with diabetes prevalence after controlling for obesity and other confounders. The impact of sugar on diabetes was independent of sedentary behavior and alcohol use, and the effect was modified but not confounded by obesity or overweight. Duration and degree of sugar exposure correlated significantly with diabetes prevalence in a dose-dependent manner, while declines in sugar exposure correlated with significant subsequent declines in diabetes rates independently of other socioeconomic, dietary and obesity prevalence changes. Differences in sugar availability statistically explain variations in diabetes prevalence rates at a population level that are not explained by physical activity, overweight or obesity.
Interval Estimation of the Largest Variance of k Normal Populations

Abstract A procedure is given for obtaining a random width confidence interval for the largest variance of k normal populations. The determination of the sample size to achieve a preassigned confidence coefficient can be done by the use of chisquare tables only.
The U.S. approach to water pollution control

Abstract The current U.S. approach to water pollution control is reviewed, with an attempt to identify the origins and significance of its major provisions. The background of the Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 and the subsequent division of power between governmental units are discussed.
The effects of dark-rearing on the electrophysiology of the rat visual cortex.

Abstract Our previous two studies have shown that dark-rearing affects the morphology and chemistry of adult rat primary visual cortex (area 17). In this study we demonstrate correlated physiological alterations with single unit recordings in the same preparation. Rats were raised from birth in either 14 h light/10 h dark (Lt/Dk) or in total darkness (Dk). At the age of 3 months, single units were recorded in area 17 of both groups. The cortical cells of Dk animals showed significantly more spontaneous activity during ambient lighting. The mean rate of randomly appearing spontaneous activity was greatly increased in Dk animals. Moreover, many cells in Dk animals also exhibited a particular type of spontaneous activity which occurred as ‘bursts’ of spikes, i.e. quantified groupings of fast firing spikes, separated by randomly appearing spontaneous activity. The mean number of bursts per min seen in Dk animals was also significantly more than any such activity seen in Lt/Dk animals. Visual stimuli consisted of white or dark bars moving with different orientations and directions at slow and fast speeds, and full field flashes. In response to moving stimuli, notably fewer cells were orientation- or direction tuned in dark-reared animals, and when they did respond to moving bar stimuli, the responses were of relatively longer duration. The pathologically high spontaneous activity rate, as well as lack of tuning and relatively prolonged duration of responses to moving stimuli indicate that intracortical inhibitory mechanisms are seriously compromised in both the unstimulated and stimulated states and is in agreement with our previous findings (Bakkum, B.W., Port, J.D., Cohen, R.S. and Benevento, L.A.,Soc. Neursci. Abst., 15 (1989) 797) of a decreased number of synapses and GABA-containing cells in the visual cortex of the same preparation. Other evidence suggeststhat there may be a decrease in stimulus-bound excitatory drive. Significantly fewer cells in Dk animals were excited by all visual stimuli,and responses elicited by flashes had relatively longer ‘on’ latencies, relatively shorter durations, and were generally weaker. This may correlate with our finding of a significantly smaller number of perforated postsynaptic densities in the cortex of the same preparation (Bakkum, B.W., Benevento, L.A. and Cohen, R.S.,J. Neurosci. Res., 23 (1991) 65–80).
Nadolol Compared to Propranolol for Treating Chronic Stable Angina Pectoris

In order to determine the relative efficacy and dose equivalency of propranolol four times a day and nadolol once daily for the treatment of stable angina pectoris, ten patients were studied in a double blind randomized placebo controlled crossover study. Total daily doses of propranolol and nadolol were determined by titrating until an equivalent degree of reduction in the heart rate response to exercise was achieved. At these doses, the treadmill exercise time to 0.1 mV of electrocardiographic ST-segment depression was increased from 248 +/- 75 seconds on placebo to 405 +/- 56 seconds on propranolol (p less than 0.05) and 471 +/- 46 seconds on nadolol (p less than 0.01). Also, the mean frequency of angina decreased from eight attacks per week on placebo to three on propranolol and nadolol (both p less than 0.05). In six of the ten patients, the effective total daily dose of propranolol and nadolol was identical, and the dose ratio for all ten patients was 1.17:1, propranolol to nadolol. However, individual dose titration is recommended when switching from propranolol four times a day to nadolol once daily because of the dosage variability noted in 40 percent of the patients.
An Exploratory Study of the Conflict Management Styles of Department Heads in a Research University Setting

Conflict in the university setting is an inherent component of academic life. Leaders spend more than 40% of their time managing conflict. Department heads are in a unique position—they encounter conflict from individuals they manage and from others to whom they report such as a senior administrator in the position of dean. There are very few studies that seek to ascertain the conflict management styles of department heads and how these impact leadership and professional development. This qualitative research study explored the conflict management styles of 20 department heads across a variety of disciplines and with varying levels of experience at a public research extensive university in the South. Based on an analysis of conflict management styles, the article offers implications for the professional development of department heads.
Anticonvulsant efficacy of valproate‐like carboxylic acids: a potential target for anti‐bipolar therapy

Background: Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a severe and chronic illness, with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 1.5%. Despite the availability of some mood stabilizing drugs including lithium, valproate (valproic acid), lamotrigine and carbamazepine, BPD is characterized by high rates of recurrence, as treatment with these and other drugs is ineffective for and not well-tolerated by a significant percentage of patients. Most drugs currently used for the maintenance treatment of BPD are anticonvulsants (e.g., valproate, carbamazepine and lamotrigine). Objectives: The aim of this paper is to review the studies characterizing the anticonvulsant efficacy of valproate-like carboxylic acids and related compounds, some of which may have potential for the treatment of manic-depressive illness. Results: The data reviewed herein demonstrate clearly that some dietary fatty acids and other valproate-like carboxylic acids exhibit potent anticonvulsant activity, and may thus be candidates for mood stabilizing treatment options for BPD.
Ion-Exchange Membranes Prepared Using Layer-by-Layer Polyelectrolyte Deposition

Layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte adsorption in porous polymeric membranes provides a simple way to create ion-exchange sites without greatly decreasing hydraulic permeability ( PSS/poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride)>PSS/poly(allylamine hydrochloride). Films terminated with a polyanion present cation-exchange sites that bind lysozyme, and the lysozyme-binding capacities of (PSS/PEI)(3)/PSS films increase with the ionic strength of the solution from which the last PSS layer is deposited. Charge screening during deposition of the terminal PSS layer gives rise to a larger number of ion-exchange sites and lysozyme binding capacities as high as 16 mg per mL of membrane. At 10% breakthrough, a stack of 3 membranes binds 3 times as much lysozyme as a single membrane, showing that stacking is an effective way to increase capacity.
Techniques and Technology: Affecting Variables That Make a Difference:

Through an application of John Carroll's model of school learning the instructional technologist can initiate a multivariate approach toward the improvement of instruction. Variables such as time allowed, student perseverance, quality of instruction, and ability to understand can be manipulated or attended to in the design of more effective and efficient instruction through the application of educational technology.
A positivity-preserving semi-implicit discontinuous Galerkin scheme for solving extended magnetohydrodynamics equations

A positivity-preserving discontinuous Galerkin (DG) scheme [42] is used to solve the Extended Magnetohydrodynamics (XMHD) model, which is a two-fluid model expressed with a center-of-mass formulation. We prove that DG scheme with a positivity-preserving limiter is stable for the system governed by the XMHD model or the resistive MHD model. We use the relaxation system formulation [28] for describing the XMHD model, and solve the equations using a split level implicit-explicit time advance scheme, stepping over the time step constraint imposed by the stiff source terms. The magnetic field is represented in an exact locally divergence-free form of DG [23], which greatly improves the accuracy and stability of MHD simulations. As presently constructed, the method is able to handle a wide range of density variations, solve XMHD model on MHD time scales, and provide greatly improved accuracy over a Finite Volume implementation of the same model.
Teaching Doctors to Treat Doctors: Medical Student Peer Counselling

Physicians' emotional problems need to be recognized and treated. Intervention and prevention in this problem area have been attempted at the Medical College of Wisconsin through a programme of peer counselling designed to teach student physicians how to recognize and treat emotional difficulties faced by their peers. During the 18 months that the programme has been in operation, 20 peer counsellors reported a total 1,185 hours spent in counselling their peers, lending credence to the speculation that doctors will turn to their peers for help if, in medical school, there is acceptance of fallibility and responsiveness on the part of peers.
Developmental Considerations on the Free-Piston Stirling Power Convertor for Use in Space

Free-piston Stirling power conversion has been considered a candidate for radioisotope power systems for space for more than a decade. Prior to the free-piston Stirling architecture, systems were designed with kinematic Stirling engines with rotary alternators to convert heat to electricity. These systems were proposed with lightly loaded linkages to achieve the necessary life. When the free-piston configuration was initially proposed, it was thought to be attractive due to the relatively high conversion efficiency, acceptable mass, and the potential for long life and high reliability. These features have consistently been recognized by teams that have studied technology options for radioisotope power systems. Since free-piston Stirling power conversion was first considered for space power applications, there have been major advances in three general areas of development: demonstration of life and reliability, the success achieved by Stirling cryocoolers in flight, and the overall developmental maturity of the technology for both flight and terrestrial applications. Based on these advances, free-piston Stirling convertors are currently being developed for a number of terrestrial applications. They commonly operate with the power, efficiency, life, and reliability as intended, and much of the development now centers on system integration. This paper will summarize the accomplishments of free-piston Stirling power conversion technology over the past decade, review the status, and discuss the challenges that remain.
Co-culture of osteocytes and neurons on a unique patterned surface

Neural and skeletal communication is essential for the maintenance of bone mass and transmission of pain, yet the mechanism(s) of signal transduction between these tissues is unknown. The authors established a novel system to co-culture murine long bone osteocyte-like cells (MLO-Y4) and primary murine dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Assessment of morphology and maturation marker expression on perlecan domain IV peptide (PlnDIV) and collagen type-1 (Col1) demonstrated that PlnDIV was an optimal matrix for MLO-Y4 culture. A novel matrix-specificity competition assay was developed to expose these cells to several extracellular matrix proteins such as PlnDIV, Col1, and laminin (Ln). The competition assay showed that approximately 70% of MLOY4 cells preferred either PlnDIV or Col1 to Ln. To co-culture MLO-Y4 and DRG, we developed patterned surfaces using micro-contact printing to create 40 μm × 1 cm alternating stripes of PlnDIV and Ln or PlnDIV and Col1. Co-culture on PlnDIV/Ln surfaces demonstrated that these matrix molecules provided unique cues for each cell type, with MLO-Y4 preferentially attaching to the PlnDIV lanes and DRG neurons to the Ln lanes. Approximately 80% of DRG were localized to Ln. Cellular processes from MLO-Y4 were closely associated with axonal extensions of DRG neurons. Approximately 57% of neuronal processes were in close proximity to nearby MLO-Y4 cells at the PlnDIV-Ln interface. The surfaces in this new assay provided a unique model system with which to study the communication between osteocyte-like cells and neurons in an in vitro environment.
Ethanol fermentation by Z. mobilis ATCC10988 in repeated batch cultures

Repeated-batch fermentations of glucose to ethanol by Z. mobilis (ATCC 10988) were examined in two semi-defined nutrient media. The measurement of acid produced by the microorganism was used to study its transient fermentation characteristics. An examination of the inhibitory effect of ethanol in repeated-batch fermentations supports an earlier finding on the presence of a ‘slow-acting inhibitory mechanism’ at high ethanol concentration in Z. mobilis (ATCC 10988) cultures. The experimental results also suggest that both microbially produced and exogeneously added ethanol have similar inhibitory effects on the fermentation behavior of this bacterium.
The Self, Social Media, and Social Construction

The extent to which participation in social media should inform subsequent medical decisions raises a host of questions, among them foundational concerns of locating the self amidst social construc...
Experimental and clinical evaluations of mechanical ventricular assistance.

Abstract Mechanical ventricular assistance is a technique for total circulatory support employing a device that is held on the heart by suction and that alternately compresses and expands the ventricles to provide systole and diastole. Hemodynamic and metabolic studies in animals have demonstrated satisfactory circulatory maintenance during periods of ventricular fibrillation. Coronary blood flow is satisfactorily maintained during mechanical ventricular assistance, and heart work is reduced. Damage to the heart muscle has not been sufficient to limit applicability. Applications demonstrated experimentally include the use of mechanical ventricular assistance in cardiac resuscitation, organ preservation for transplantation, support of patients with acute myocardial infarction, and in conjunction with profound hypothermia to achieve prolonged circulatory arrest. Initial clinical trials have been undertaken. With its unique advantages and limitations, mechanical ventricular assistance should have a useful role clinically and experimentally in well defined circumstances.
Purified A2 domain of von Willebrand factor binds to the active conformation of von Willebrand factor and blocks the interaction with platelet glycoprotein Ibalpha.

Summary. Background: von Willebrand factor (VWF) does not interact with circulating platelets unless it is induced to expose the binding site for platelet glycoprotein (GP)Ibα in the A1 domain by high shear stress, immobilization, and/or a modulator. Previous studies have implied indirectly that the A2 domain may be involved in regulating A1–GPIbα binding. Objective and methods: Because the relationship between the A1 and A2 domains has not been defined, we have investigated the effect of the A2 domain on the binding activity of the A1 domain using recombinant A domain polypeptides, multimeric VWF, and monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Results: The A2 domain polypeptide bound specifically to the immobilized A1 domain polypeptide or full-length VWF, with half-maximal binding being obtained at 60 or 168 nm, respectively. This A1–A2 interaction was inhibited by mAb against the A2 or A1 domain and by the A1 domain polypeptide. The A2 domain polypeptide effectively blocked GPIbα-mediated platelet adhesion under high flow conditions. The A2 domain polypeptide specifically recognizes the GPIbα-binding conformation in the A1 domain, as it only interacted with VWF activated by the modulator ristocetin or immobilized VWF. Furthermore, in contrast to plasma VWF, the ultra-large (UL)VWF multimers or a recombinant VWF–A1A2A3 polypeptide containing a gain-of-function mutation (R1308 L) of type 2B von Willebrand disease bound to the A2 domain polypeptide without the need for ristocetin. Conclusions: The recombinant A2 domain polypeptide specifically binds to the active conformation of the A1 domain in VWF and effectively blocks the interaction with platelet GPIbα under high-flow conditions.
Why people convert: A balance theoretical approach to religious conversion

This paper presents a model of religious conversion that integrates process models in the tradition of Lofland and Stark (1965) with the cognitive balance model of Gartrell and Shannon (1985). By placing balance theoretical principles in the context of a process model, the model presented here seeks to explain conversion as a process that is facilitated through the cognitive states of individuals. This technique, it is argued, produces a view of conversion that denies neither individual agency nor the structural constraints placed on the individual by the group. Implications for the study of conversion are discussed.
Endothelin receptor blockade reduces ventricular dysfunction and injury after reoxygenation.

Abstract Background . Reoxygenation of hypoxic myocardium during repair of congenital heart defects results in poor ventricular function and cellular injury. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor that increases during hypoxia, may suppress myocardial function and activate leukocytes. The objective was to determine whether administration of an endothelin receptor antagonist could improve ventricular function and decrease cardiac injury after hypoxia and reoxygenation. Methods . Fourteen piglets underwent 90 minutes of ventilator hypoxia, 1 hour of reoxygenation on cardiopulmonary bypass, and 2 hours of recovery (controls). Nine additional animals received an infusion of Bosentan, an ET(A/B) receptor antagonist, (5 mg/kg per hour) during hypoxia and reoxygenation. Results . Right and left ventricular dP/dt in controls decreased to 78% and 52% of baseline, respectively, after recovery ( p p p p Conclusions . Endothelin-1 receptor antagonism improved functional recovery and decreased leukocyte-mediated injury after reoxygenation. The reduction in cardiac cell death might also improve long-term outcome after reoxygenation injury.
‘Prove it!’ same-sex performativity among sexual minority women and men

Past research has focused on understanding performances of same-sex sexual behaviour between women as occurring in high-pressure exploitative contexts, primarily for the purpose of arousing a male audience. These women, who are presumed heterosexual, have been described as ‘performing bisexuality’ for an also presumably heterosexual male audience. Drunkenness, dares and fulfilling others’ desires are common reasons why heterosexual individuals perform public same-sex sexual behaviour. The present study explored same-sex performative behaviour among sexual minority individuals. Participants included 84 young adults (age 18–25) who identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual and queer. Participants completed an anonymous online survey consisting of both qualitative and quantitative questions about their same-sex performative behaviour, as well as their attitudes towards such behaviours. Results revealed that sexual minority women are asked more frequently to engage in same-sex performative behaviour than sexual mi...
Magnesium and riboflavin combination therapy following cortical contusion injury in the rat

Previous research has shown that magnesium chloride (MgCl(2)) and riboflavin (B(2)) both significantly improve functional recovery when administered shortly after frontal cortical contusion injury (CCI). The purpose of the present study was to examine the ability of combination treatments of MgCl(2) and B(2) to improve functional outcome following unilateral CCI. One hour post-injury, rats were administered MgCl(2) (1.0 mmol/kg), B(2) (7.5mg/kg), MgCl(2)+B(2) (1 mmol/kg+7.5mg/kg), 1/2 MgCl(2)+1/2 B(2) (0.5 mmol/kg and 3.75 mg/kg), or saline. Two days following CCI rats were tested on a battery of sensorimotor (vibrissae-->forelimb placing and tactile removal test) and motor (staircase test). A regimen of MgCl(2)+B(2) significantly reduced the initial impairment and facilitated the rate of recovery on the tactile removal test and facilitated the rate of recovery on the forelimb placing test. The half-dose combination did not significantly improve functional recovery on the tactile removal test compared to the individual treatments; however, it did improve performance on the forelimb placing test compared to saline treatment. Administration of MgCl(2) improved performance on the placing and tactile removal tests on 2 post-operative days, as did treatment with B(2) on the tactile removal test. The results indicate that the full combination of MgCl(2)+B(2) significantly improved functional recovery to a greater extent than the individual treatments or the low dose combination group on forelimb placing but not on tactile removal. These findings suggest that administration of MgCl(2)+B(2) may provide better therapeutic action than individual treatments.
Observation and characterization of a strained lateral superlattice in the oxidation of Ni(001)

The saturated oxide formed on Ni(001) under UHV conditions has been studied by x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) and low-energy electron diffraction. At ambient temperature and with a 1200-L exposure to oxygen, the saturation oxygen coverage is found to be 4.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4 monolayers (ML) as measured relative to the Ni(001) surface-atom density. [1 langmuir (L)${==10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ Torr sec.] The oxide is furthermore found to grow primarily as NiO(001) in a highly strained superlattice for which the horizontal lattice constant is expanded by (1/6 compared to the underlying Ni(001). The XPD results are found to be very sensitive to the degree of short-range order in the oxide before and after light annealing, particularly when obtained with high angular resolutions of approximately \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Single-scattering calculations with spherical-wave scattering are found to give an excellent description of the XPD from the annealed and more-ordered overlayer. These results also suggest the general utility of high-resolution XPD for studying the degree of short-range positional order present in epitaxial overlayers.
Reply to Comments on “Speculation and Equilibrium: Information, Risk, and Markets”

I. Complementarity, 689.—II. The regime of markets, 693.—III. Computability of prices reconsidered, 695.
Bears are for boys: Metaphorical associations in young children's gender stereotypes

Abstract Objects may be gender typed by virtue of their use by or association with one sex or the other or because they embody qualities that show a nonliteral or metaphorical correspondence to characteristics of or beliefs about males and females. For Study 1, we developed the Gender Stereotyping Test, a sorting task with which we determined that 4-, 5-, and 7-year-olds make use of both types of information in assigning objects or qualities to each sex. Study 2 replicated results with a new group of 4-year-olds and found that children whose test scores indicated at least some knowledge of gender identity were more likely to gender type metaphorical, but not conventional, items than those whose scores failed to indicate stable and constant knowledge of gender identity. In Study 3, which used a truncated version of the sorting task, children at age 3 made minimal use of either type of information. Gender stereotypes are considered in terms of recent theories of metaphor as a conceptual mechanism by which what is known in or about one domain is projected to another domain for the purpose of understanding.