cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Glucuronoxylomannan of Cryptococcus neoformans obtained from patients with AIDS.

Cryptococcus neoforrnans has emerged as a major opportunistic pathogen in patients diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)‘. The yeast has a predilection for the central nervous system, where it causes cryptococcal meningoencephalitis*. In the pre-AIDS era both varieties of C. neofomans (C. neoformans var. neoformans and C. neoformans var. guttii) were isolated from clinical specimens3, whereas today C. neofomans isolates from AIDS patients are almost invariably of the neofomans variety 4s There appears to be a selective . infection of AIDS patients with the neofomam variety and 99% of these are of the A serotype ‘7’ The results of our comprehensive investigation of the major . capsular polysaccharide of C. neofomans serotype A revealed structural variability between isolates’,‘. Of the eleven isolates studied, six (Group I’) conformed closely to the model originally proposed by Merrifield and Stephen” and Bhattacharjee et al. l1 Two isolates (Group II’) are deficient in xylose to the extent . that, based on molar ratios, they could easily be classified as serotype D’*-14 or A-D15. However, both 13C NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis clearly indicated that the two isolates of Group II differed from the typical D and A-D glucuronoxylomannans (GXM). The Group II GXMs have a significant quantity (10%) of Manp residues substituted with GlcpA at O-2 and Xylp at O-4 whereas serotype D and A-D isolates do not. The Group II isolates were later confirmed to be serotype A9 by using specific rabbit antisera (J.E. Bennett, National Institutes of Health). The remaining two groups, III and IV, contained substantial amounts of linkages thought to be distinctive of serotypes B’6-1s and C19y20, i.e., Manp that are 40glycosylated with B-D-Xylp, while still possessing unsubstituted (1 --, 3)-(YD-Manp.
277 CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACTANT PHOSPHOLIPID RELEASEFROM SUPERFUSED FETAL LUNG SLICES AND ISOLATED NEONATAL TYPE II CELLS

While factors controlling the synthesis of surfactant have been studied extensively, less is known about the cellular mechanisms controlling surfactant release. We have adopted an in vitro superfusion method for the study of surfactant release Worn fetal lung slices and isolated neonatal alveolar type II cells. In these tissues the surfactant phosphatidylcholine (PC) pool is radiolabeled with 3H-choline. Release of PC is then quantitated by determining the level of PC in the perfusate following specific challenges with endocrine and pharmacologic agents. Both the β-agonist isoproterenol and prostaglandin E2 were found to stimulate surfactant release in a dose-dependerft manner. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and the calcium ionophore A23187 also stimulated surfactant phospholipid release. In addition, the phorbol ester, TPA, was found to be a potent stimulus for surfactant release. The stimulated release of surfactant phospholipid by prostaglandin E2 could be antagonized by the calcium channel blocker Nifedipine. From these studies it can be concluded that surfactant phospholipid release can be stimulated by a variety of agents acting on the adenylate cyclase-cAMP cascade, either via specific receptors or by activation of a phospholipid sensitive protein kinase C. The process of release is calcium sensitive and appears to be largely dependent on calcium fluxes.
Diamond Turning At Honeywell

The application of diamond turning technology has made it possible for Honeywell, who possesses limited conventional optical fabrication capability, to rapidly become its own supplier of lower-cost infrared optics for in-house production programs. The achievement was originally instigated by an AFML MM&T program and is part of a two-phase plan outlined as this symposium in 1976. Phase I of the plan called for Honeywell, entirely on its own funds, to acquire a diamond flycutter to initially become familiar with the process and finally to produce usable infrared flat mirrors. Although the cycle required ten months of learning and some machine improvements, significant cost savings are now being accrued from the production of scanning and flat mirrors for thermal imaging systems. Phase II of the plan was commenced in 1977 by AFML sponsorship of a program to transfer diamond contouring machine technology from government laboratories initially to Honeywell so that broader industrial usage of infrared aspheric optics could result. Also, an NV&EOL contract is reinforcing the plan by utilizing Air Force program results to build and test aspheric diamond turned lenses and mirrors for Army infrared applications. Contract results are being publicized -through reports and briefings. Within the plan, Honeywell is committing funds to obtain a 2-axis CNC contouring machine, the required optical metrology, and the temperature-controlled facilities. Because continued cost-saving success is expected from the aspheric capability, as has been demonstrated with the flycutter on flat infrared mirrors, Honeywell hopes to become a production optics supplier to the DoD/DoE community by contributing its systems, computer science, and optical testing expertise.© (1978) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Computer-assisted imaging of the fetus with magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to review the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the fetus and to propose future techniques and applications. Institutional review board approved MR images of the fetus were acquired in 66 patients with sonographically suspected fetal abnormalities. Axial, coronal, and sagittal short TR, short TE images were obtained. In addition, 12 studies were performed with rapid scans requiring 700–1200 ms using either GRASS or Spoiled GRASS techniques. Sequential studies demonstrating fetal motion were also performed. Three studies with 3D IR prepped GRASS were performed. These allowed for orthogonal and non-orthogonal reformatted views and 3D display. Normal fetal structures were shown with MRI, including brain, heart, liver, stomach, intestines, and bladder. Gross fetal anomalies could generally be demonstrated with MRI. MRI may give additional information to that of sonography in fetal anomalies, particularly those involving the central nervous system, and in the detection of fat, blood, and meconium. MRI of the fetus can demonstrate normal and abnormal structures. Newer techniques with faster imaging will allow for greater possibility of computer assisted manipulation of data.
Cancer of the external auditory canal and temporal bone

Malignant neoplasms involving the temporal bone are a relatively rare and often misdiagnosed disease. Staging of temporal bone cancer has proven difficult because of the small number of patients with this condition, the various histopathologic and histologic findings reported, and a lack of randomized trials. Of the various staging systems that have been proposed, the Pittsburgh classification appears to be the most widely accepted. A retrospective study of 31 patients with temporal bone malignancy at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences has led us to propose a modification of the Pittsburgh classification for early-stage lesions. This modification places more emphasis on the site of disease in the canal and less on the size of the primary tumor or degree of bony invasion. This review discusses this staging system, the management of these tumors in a multidisciplinary team approach, reconstructive options, and auditory rehabilitation.
Economic Performance in Regulated and Unregulated Environments: A Comparison of U. S. and Canadian Railroads

An opportunity to compare economic performance under substantially different levels of regulation is afforded by the differences in the regulatory environments of U. S. and Canadian railroads. We find that the less regulated Canadian railroads have achieved far higher productivity growth than have U. S. railroads. Furthermore, in spite of natural conditions favoring U. S. railroads, Canadian railroads have achieved a higher level of productivity. These findings for the typical U. S. and Canadian railroad are borne out by similar results for specific railroads. Had U. S. railroad productivity grown at the Canadian rate, U. S. railroad costs would be several billion dollars less each year.
On the Value of Homotheticity in the Shift-Share Framework

The purpose of this paper is to examine the usefulness of homothetic reformulations of the shift-share accounting model to the practitioner of regional growth studies. The reformulations of Esteban-Marquillas (1972) and Arcelus (1984) are examined to determine if they improve the shift-share framework as a means for accounting for regional economic growth or decline. The purpose of the homothetic models is to separate out change in a region's employment (or value added) associated with its prior or base year specialization in particular industries from change associated with changes in the mix of industries that occurred during the period under study. It is contended while the resulting accounts may help in understanding individual industry's growth rates, they shed little light on total regional growth. Indiana employment data from 1977 and 1986 are used to illustrate the arguments.
Image-Guided Stereotactic Radiosurgery Using a Specially Designed High-Dose-Rate Linac

Stereotactic radiosurgery and image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) place enhanced demands on treatment delivery machines. In this study, we describe a high-dose-rate output accelerator as a part of our stereotactic IGRT delivery system. The linac is a Siemens Oncor without a flattening filter, and enables dose rates to reach 1000 monitor units (MUs) per minute. Even at this high-dose-rate, the linac dosimetry system remains robust; constancy, linearity, and beam energy remain within 1% for 3 to 1000 MU. Dose profiles for larger field sizes are not flat, but they are radially symmetric and, as such, able to be modeled by a treatment planning system. Target localization is performed via optical guidance utilizing a 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound probe coupled to an array of 4 infrared light-emitting diodes. These diodes are identified by a fixed infrared camera system that determines diode position and, by extension, all objects imaged in the room coordinate system. This system provides sub-millimeter localization accuracy for cranial applications and better than 1.5 mm for extracranial applications. Because stereotactic IGRT can require significantly longer times for treatment delivery, the advantages of the high-dose-rate design and its direct impact on IGRT are discussed.
Evidence of transient heart rate change after smoking cessation.

Heart rate slows immediately after smoking cessation but it is unclear whether this is a permanent or transient effect. Examining this issue may improve our understanding of nicotine withdrawal effects. A transient heart rate pattern would suggest that the cardiovascular system adapts chronically to nicotine and requires a period of adjustment to achieve a new homeostasis after cessation. Heart rate was assessed on 110 smokers prior to quitting and at 1, 3, 8, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days postcessation. For 12 subjects abstinent 60 days, heart rate slowed at day 1 by 8.1 bpm. Heart rate remained below baseline from days 1 through 45, although exhibiting partial recovery, and returned fully to baseline at day 60. The results indicate that heart rate exhibits a pattern of transient change after smoking cessation which seems to be a physiological effect of nicotine withdrawal.
Organizational Identities and Their Economic Performance: An Analysis of U.S. Textile and Apparel Firms

As the U.S. textile and apparel industries have globalized, firm activities within the industry have changed, impacting organizational identity. Given that organizational identity is a viable strategic element for organizational competitive advantages, this study explored how today’s U.S. textile and apparel firms describe themselves as organizations, compared the findings with business classification descriptions provided by the U.S. Census Bureau, and investigated the relationship between organizational identity congruence and performance. Results of content analysis of webbased communication data and multivariate statistical techniques suggested that the majority of U.S. textile and apparel manufacturers and wholesale merchants use self-descriptors such as product provider, service provider, or business partner, rather than Census Bureau terms such as manufacturers or wholesalers. The findings also showed that organizational identity congruence is positively associated with various organizational performance outcomes. The study concludes with the contributions and implications of the study findings, limitations, and future research opportunities.
Determining tolerance limits for restoration and phytoremediation with Spartina patens in crude oil-contaminated sediment in greenhouse

Oil spills may detrimentally damage sensitive coastal habitats, such as coastal wetlands. Successful restoration of oiled habitats primarily depends on the tolerance of vegetation transplants to oil. In this study, tolerance limits of the dominant coastal brackish marsh plant Spartina patens to South Louisiana crude (SLC) oil and its phytoremediation effectiveness on petroleum hydrocarbons in wetland sediments were investigated in the greenhouse environment. Spartina patens was transplanted into brackish marsh sediments contaminated with SLC oil at concentrations of 0, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640 and 800 mg SLC oil g−1 dry sediment. High oil concentrations adversely affected plant stem density, aboveground biomass and belowground biomass even one year after transplantation. At the 320 mg g−1 oil dosage, plant belowground biomass was significantly lower than the control although aboveground variables were not significantly different from the control. All plant parameters mentioned above at the 640 mg g−1 oil dos...
1001-25 Combined Intralesional Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Intracoronary Heparin in Patients with Unstable Angina and Coronary Thrombus Undergoing PTCA

PTCA in the setting of unstable angina (UA) and coronary thrombus (CT) is associated with adverse outcomes. We performed a pilot study of intralesional tPA (20 mg) using an end-hole infusion (Tracker) catheter and intracoronary heparin (5,000 units). delivered over 20 mins, prior to PTCA in 53 pts with UA and CT. Full delivery of tPA and heparin was possible in 47 pts. Activated clotting time was g 300 sec in all pts. PTCA was performed in 48 pts 20 mins after completion of the infusion. Systemic fibrinogenolysis (fibrinogen pre 408 ± 120 mg/dL, post 398 ± 114) and thrombin activation (no increase in fibrinopeptide A or fragment 1.2) did not occur but prolonged clot lysis was evident (D-Dimer pre 196 ± 179 ng/mL, 4 hours post 849 ± 746, P = 0.0001). Angiographic outcomes were (mean ± SD): Baseline Post-tPA Post-PTCA TIMI Thrombus Scale 2.2 ± 1.0 1.6 ± 1.2 ** 0.5 ± 0.9 * MLD by QCA (mm) 0.82 ± 0.42 0.89 ± 0.57 *** 1.90 ± 0.59 * TIMI Grade Flow 2.6 ± 0.8 2.5 ± 1.0 2.9 ± 0.5 * p = 0.001 ** p = 0.007 *** p = 0.07 (All comparison made with preceding group) PTCA was successful ( l 50% residual stenosis) in 87% and 6% had a major bleeding event. In-hospital outcomes were as follows: death 0, myocardial infarction 4%, abrupt reclosure 11%, repeat PTCA 11%, and CABG 6%. Conclusion Intralesional tPA with intracoronary heparin causes prolonged thrombolysis without thrombin activation and reduces the extent of coronary thrombus in the setting of unstable angina. It is associated with a high PTCA success rate and favorable in-hospital outcome. Further investigations of this method of local adjunctive thrombolysis and PTCA are warranted.
Conceptual Hypometria? An evaluation of conceptual mapping of space in Parkinson's disease

When interacting with objects in their environment, patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often make hypometric movements (e.g., micrographia). The purpose of this study was to learn if patients with PD, in the absence of overt actions or environmental stimuli, have egocentric (body-centered) conceptual (representational) hypometria. Actions can take place in either proximal or distal peri-personal space. Normally, the right hemisphere has a distal and the right a proximal attentional bias. We also want to learn if a patient with onset of disease in the right hemisphere would have a greater conceptual action hypometria than individuals with left hemispheric onset. Seventeen subjects with PD and 15 age-matched controls were given a questionnaire evaluating subjective perception of personal action space. The questionnaire asked individuals to rate, using a 0–5 scale, the distances between their body and hand when performing the various actions that take place in peri-personal space. When compared to contro...
How to cope with geographical information systems in your organisation

Hardware and software pose fewer problems today than do data, personnel and institutional arrangements. In this chapter, some of the more important situations in which large, complex GIS must be coped with by an organisation will be indicated and some general suggestions for ‘coping’ will be offered. These suggestions reflect the experience of the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI), its own work, and the experiences of others with whom ESRI has become familiar over the last twenty years. In this context, coping means solving problems, resolving conflicts, making decisions, taking actions, devising plans, etc. It occurse in response to ‘situations’. The word ‘situation’ is used to avoid the use of a more negative word like ‘problem’, since in many instances it is hard to say whether a particular situation represents a problem or an opportunity.
Integrating design in engineering graphics courses using feature-based, parametric solid modeling

Several schools are introducing feature-based, parametric solid modeling as a part of the Engineering Graphics course in the freshmen year. This new technology made the traditional methods of teaching engineering graphics obsolete. In most cases, the traditional methods assume that there is one correct representation for a given part. On the other hand, in solid modeling, a part can be created using several approaches with the same- or different-set of primitives. Some of these approaches are superior to the others as they capture the real design intent accurately. Due to the strong relationship between the part modeling approach and the design intent, this technology provides an excellent opportunity for introducing design. The paper discusses the role of graphics in the design process. Then, it summarizes the changes in the design process due to solid modeling. For instance, the traditional wisdom of creating an assembly drawing before the part drawings is no longer practical. These changes require radical restructuring of our teaching methodology. To address the need, the paper presents a methodology for teaching engineering graphics with an emphasis on feature-based, parametric solid modeling. Students can use this methodology to: identify alternative approaches for creating the model; evaluate their ability to capture the real design intent accurately; and incorporate the design intent by defining an appropriate set of datum planes and following good dimensioning practices. This methodology provides a tight integration between design and engineering graphics.
Aggregation and compression of distributed binary decisions in a wireless sensor network

An aggregation and compression architecture for wireless sensor networks without a fusion center is proposed. In this architecture, sensors are grouped into pairs whose local binary decisions are combined to form half as many new one-bit decisions. The new decisions are paired and combined until a single one-bit global decision is reached. A simple recursive algorithm is presented and proved to find the minimum size of the network required to achieve a given global error probability.
Intradiscal injections of osteogenic protein-1 restore the viscoelastic properties of degenerated intervertebral discs.

Abstract Background context Using biochemical, histological, and radiological parameters in a rabbit model of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, the intradiscal injection of a growth factor, such as osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1), has been shown to regenerate the IVD. However, very little is known about how such a biological therapeutic approach affects the biomechanical properties of the degenerated IVD. Purpose To investigate the effects of an intradiscal injection of OP-1 on the biomechanical properties of IVDs in the rabbit annular-puncture disc degeneration model and to determine their relationship to biochemical properties. Study design/setting In vivo study on the effects of intradiscally administered OP-1 on the biomechanical and biochemical properties of IVDs in the rabbit annular-puncture disc degeneration model. Methods New Zealand White rabbits (n=16) underwent annulus fibrosus (AF) puncture, using an 18-gauge needle, at L2–L3 and L4–L5 (L3–L4: nonpunctured control). Four weeks later, the punctured discs received an injection of either 5% lactose (10 μL) or OP-1 (100 μg/10 μL of 5% lactose) into the nucleus pulposus (NP). The disc height was radiographically monitored biweekly. After sacrifice and removal of bone–disc–bone complexes 8 weeks postinjection, the dynamic viscoelastic properties of the IVDs were tested by applying a cycle of sinusoidal strain in uniaxial compression at six loading frequencies (0.05 to 2 Hz). The biochemical properties of the dissected IVDs were then analyzed and correlated with the biomechanical properties. Results A single injection of OP-1 significantly restored disc height when compared with the lactose-injected discs (OP-1 vs. lactose, p Conclusions We have shown for the first time that an injection of the growth factor, OP-1, restored the biomechanical properties of IVDs in a rabbit model of IVD degeneration. Comparing biomechanical with biochemical data suggests that the OP-1-induced biomechanical restoration was a consequence of increased activities of anabolic pathways that resulted in biochemical changes in the IVD.
Extinction learning deficit in a rodent model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Deficient operant extinction has been hypothesized to be constitutive of ADHD dysfunction. In order to elucidate the behavioral mechanisms underlying this deficit, the performance of an animal model of ADHD, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), was compared against the performance of a control strain, the Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY) during extinction. Following extensive training of lever pressing under variable interval schedules of food reinforcement (reported previously), SHR and WKY rats were exposed to two sessions of extinction training. Extinction data was analyzed using the Dynamic Bi-Exponential Refractory Model (DBERM) of operant performance. DBERM assumes that operant responses are organized in bouts separated by pauses; during extinction, bouts may decline across multiple dimensions, including frequency and length. DBERM parameters were estimated using hierarchical Bayesian modeling. SHR responded more than WKY during the first extinction session. DBERM parameter estimates revealed that, at the onset of extinction, SHR produced more response bouts than WKY. Over the course of extinction, response bouts progressively shortened for WKY but not for SHR. Based on prior findings on the sensitivity of DBERM parameters to motivational and schedule manipulations, present data suggests that (1) more frequent response bouts in SHR are likely related to greater incentive motivation, and (2) the persistent length of bouts in SHR are likely related to a slower updating of the response-outcome association. Overall, these findings suggest specific motivational and learning deficits that may explain ADHD-related impairments in operant performance.
A method of modeling series-connected photovoltaic junctions

A method of predicting the performance of spatially-series-connected photovoltaic cells under non-uniform illumination at the array level is presented. This methodology is also applied to multi-junction solar cells under non-uniform illumination at the subcell level. Necessary conditions to straightforwardly model these cells as a single diode are identified.
The Complex Trial Protocol (CTP): A new, countermeasure-resistant, accurate, P300-based method for detection of concealed information

A new P300-based concealed information test is described. A rare probe or frequent irrelevant stimulus appears in the same trial in which a target or nontarget later appears. One response follows the first stimulus and uses the same button press regardless of stimulus type. A later second stimulus then appears: target or nontarget. The subject presses one button for a target, another for a nontarget. A P300 to the first stimulus indicates probe recognition. One group was tested in 3 weeks for denied recognition of familiar information. Weeks 1 and 3 were guilty conditions; Week 2 was a countermeasure (CM) condition. The probe–irrelevant differences were significant in all weeks, and percent hits were 490%. Attempted CM use was detectable via elevated reaction time to the first stimulus. In a replication, results were similar. False positive rates for both studies varied from 0 to .08, yielding J. B. Grier (1971) A 0 values from .9 to 1.0. Descriptors: Psychophysiological detection of deception, P300, Event-related potentials, Guilty knowledge tests, Concealed information tests, Lie detection, Credibility assessment
Optimization of Alloy-Coating Compositions for Use as Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnects

Reduction in the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) allows for the use of ferritic stainless steels as the interconnect material. However, cathode poisoning due to volatilization of chromium from the oxide scale formed on these alloys requires the use of a ceramic coating on the alloy. The reaction layer formed between the coating and the alloy affects the performance of the fuel cell, so the composition and properties of this layer must be considered in selecting the alloy and coating compositions. In this paper, the factors relevant to selection of the alloy/coating materials and the effect of the alloy-coating interaction on these factors are discussed.
Distributed Source Coding using non-binary LDPC codes for sensor network applications

Recent revolution in sensor networks has resulted in the development of many enabling techniques, one of which being distributed source coding (DSC). DSC allows a low-complexity encoder, shifting the high complexity to the decoder, making this scheme appropriate for sensor networks. In this paper, we have extended the non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, developed for channel coding, to be used for distributed source coding of correlated non-binary sources. The system consists of an equiprobable memoryless non-binary source with side information at the decoder. The correlation between the sources is modelled as a virtual channel. The results obtained through simulations demonstrate that for rates 1/2 and 3/4, the non-binary compression scheme performs better the equivalent binary compression scheme. This scheme makes it extremely suitable for sensor networks.
Generation of oxidant response to copper and iron nanoparticles and salts: Stimulation by ascorbate

The present work describes a two-stage approach to analyzing combustion-generated samples for their potential to produce oxidant stress. This approach is illustrated with the two commonly encountered transition metals, copper and iron. First, their abilities to generate hydroxyl radical were measured in a cell-free, phosphate-buffered saline solution containing ascorbate and/or citrate. Second, their abilities to induce heme oxygenase-1 in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes were assessed in cell culture. Combustion-generated copper oxide nanoparticles were active in both assays and were found to be soluble in culture medium. Depletion of glutathione in the cells or loading the cells with ascorbate greatly increased heme oxygenase-1 induction in the presence of copper. By contrast, iron oxide nanoparticles were active in the phosphate-buffered saline but not in cell culture, and they aggregated in culture medium. Soluble salts of copper and iron exhibited the same contrast in activities as the respective combustion-generated particles. The results suggest that the capability of combustion-generated environmental samples to produce oxidant stress can be screened effectively in a two step process, first in phosphate-buffered saline with ascorbate and subsequently in epithelial cell culture for those exhibiting activity initially. The results also point to an unanticipated interaction in cells of oxidant stress-generating metals with an antioxidant (ascorbate) that is usually missing in culture medium formulations. Thus, ascorbate supplementation of cultured human cells is likely to improve their ability to model the in vivo effects of particulate matter containing copper and other redox-active metals.
The Role of Experiential Avoidance in the Relationship Between Maladaptive Perfectionism and Worry

This study examined the role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and worry. The hypothesis was that experiential avoidance would mediate the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and worry. A total of 125 undergraduate participants completed measures assessing perfectionism, experiential avoidance, worry, depression, and social anxiety. A series of regression analyses showed that maladaptive perfectionism and experiential avoidance were significantly associated with worry and that experiential avoidance was a partial mediator in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and worry. Partial correlations revealed significant relationships between experiential avoidance and worry and between one aspect of maladaptive perfectionism and worry independent of depression and social anxiety. Results suggest that experiential avoidance may be an important variable contributing to the occurrence of worry within the context of maladaptive perfectionism.
Eigenvectors and functions of the discrete Fourier transform

A method is presented for computing an orthonormal set of eigenvectors for the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The technique is based on a detailed analysis of the eigenstructure of a special matrix which commutes with the DFT. It is also shown how fractional powers of the DFT can be efficiently computed, and possible applications to multiplexing and transform coding are suggested.
EL ANÁLISIS DEL COMPORTAMIENTO ALREDEDOR DEL MUNDO: GRAN BRETAÑA Y ESTADOS UNiDOS DE AMÉRICA --UNA MEMORIA PERSONAL

A considerable portion of the development of behavior analysis in Britain occurred during a period when Pie writer was an active participant. Here, in a personal account, these developments and the present state of behavior analysis in Britain are described. Further, the development of a graduate program in behavior analysis in the USA is described, with some observations on the present state of behavior analysis in that country. Some comments are made on the dramatic changes that are now taking place in universities in the USA and in sorne other countries, and the prospects of behavior analysis in the context of those changes are briefly discussed.
Cramér-von mises statistic for testing goodness of fit under the proportional hazards model

In this paper the asymptotic distribution of Cramer-von Mises statistic ls derived under the null hypothesis as well as under certain alternative hypothesis. It is shown that under the proportional hazards model based on the mle of the survival function has higher power compared to the power of based on the Kaplan-Meier estimate of the distribution function.
Partial breast brachytherapy after lumpectomy: Low-dose-rate and high-dose-rate experience

Abstract Purpose The use of partial breast brachytherapy (PBB) after lumpectomy for selected patients with early-stage breast cancer reduces the adjuvant radiotherapy treatment time to Methods and materials Early-stage breast cancer patients with clear resection margins and 0–3 positive lymph nodes were eligible for PBB. Uniform guidelines for target definition and brachytherapy catheter placement were applied. The HDR PBB dose was 34 Gy in 10 fractions within 5 days, and the LDR dose was 45 Gy given at a rate of 50 cGy/h. The end points included incidence of radiation recall reaction, telangiectasias, and cosmetic-altering fibrosis. Results Between 1995 and 2000, 44 patients with early-stage breast cancer received PBB without adjuvant external beam radiotherapy after lumpectomy (31 HDR PBB, 13 LDR PBB). After a median follow-up of 42 months (range 18–86), all patients remained locally controlled. The overall rate of good/excellent cosmetic outcome was 79.6% overall and 90% with HDR PBB. Radiation recall reactions occurred in 43% of patients (6 of 14) who received adriamycin. LDR PBB and adriamycin were significant predictors for late unfavorable cosmetic changes in univariate analysis ( p = 0.003 and p = 0.005, respectively). Conclusion Although a high rate of local control and good/excellent cosmetic outcome is provided with HDR PBB, the risk of unfavorable cosmetic changes when treated with both LDR PBB and adriamycin is noteworthy. This suggests that HDR PBB is preferred in patients for whom adriamycin is indicated.
Automatic discovery of relationships across multiple network layers

As networks become increasingly large and complex the relationships and dependencies between network elements also grow in complexity and size. If an e-mail server goes off-line for ten minutes but never goes off-line again, it might not be a serious problem, and can be forgotten about. But if the e-mail server repeatedly goes off-line, the cause of the problem must be found. The difficulty for network operators is discovering what causes the problem -- we address this issue and formalize a method to make event logs more useful to network operators.In this paper we describe how network events can be correlated across multiple network layers, and utilize the temporal and spatial aspects of the event data to more accurately correlate network events than using the event descriptions alone. Our results show that by statistically analyzing Syslog data, a relationship graph can be automatically generated that shows relationships between network elements. We then go on to discuss how such a relationship graph, in combination with event correlation, can help operators more accurately discover the root cause of problems, and identify hidden relationships and dependencies within their networks.
Ethnic differences in children's media use

This study reports on ethnic differences in children's patterns of media use. It updates and provides normative data on children's media use. White, Black, Mexican, and Puerto Rican children in grades 2, 4, and 7 in Chicago provided self‐report data on their quantity and frequency of use, access to media, and habits of use. Ethnic group membership predicted differences in quantity, frequency, and access. Differences by ethnicity varied with each category, however. Mexican and Puerto Rican children were not sufficiently different to be considered two distinct groups in subsequent research.
Adopting Problem-Based Learning in Criminology and Criminal Justice Education: Challenge and Response

While problem-based learning (PBL) has been successfully used in many disciplines for over 30 years, it has not yet been widely adopted by criminal justice instructors. It is a student-centered curriculum that empowers undergraduate students to decide what they learn and to apply their knowledge and skills while solving real-world problems in relevant and authentic contexts. The present study provides an overview of PBL and empirical evidence for the effectiveness of problem-based instruction in many disciplines. This article offers theoretical foundations for adopting PBL in the study of crime and criminal justice. Finally, for scaffolding instructors striving to implement PBL, this article describes possible formats of implementation and also identifies the challenges new PBL instructors may encounter during application and provides specific recommendations.
Hall Effect Measurement of Real and Reactive Power in a Faraday Machines Laboratory

Design details are given for a laboratory instrument which will measure real and reactive power using Hall effect transducers. The basic theory of these transducers is presented. Examples of transient operation are given. One particularly interesting result is the variation in real and reactive power to an induction machine as it makes the transition between motor and generator.
Effect of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibition on Arterial Blood Pressure Is Context Dependent

Because the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors on blood pressure are controversial, we examined the long-term effects of sitagliptin (80 mg/kg per day) on blood pressure (radiotelemetry) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), Wistar–Kyoto rats, and Zucker Diabetic-Sprague Dawley rats (metabolic syndrome model). In SHR, chronic (3 weeks) sitagliptin significantly increased systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressures by 10.3, 9.2, and 7.9 mm Hg, respectively, a response abolished by coadministration of BIBP3226 (2 mg/kg per day; selective Y 1 -receptor antagonist). Sitagliptin also significantly increased blood pressure in SHR treated with hydralazine (vasodilator; 25 mg/kg per day) or enalapril (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; 10 mg/kg per day). In Wistar–Kyoto rats, chronic sitagliptin slightly decreased systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressures (−1.8, −1.1, and −0.4 mm Hg, respectively). In Zucker Diabetic-Sprague Dawley rats, chronic sitagliptin decreased systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressures by −7.7, −5.8, and −4.3 mm Hg, respectively, and did not alter the antihypertensive effects of chronic enalapril. Because DPP4 inhibitors impair the metabolism of neuropeptide Y 1–36 (NPY 1–36 ; Y 1 -receptor agonist) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1(7–36)NH 2 (GLP-1 receptor agonist), we examined renovascular responses to NPY 1–36 and GLP-1(7–36)NH 2 in isolated perfused SHR and Zucker Diabetic-Sprague Dawley kidneys pretreated with norepinephrine (to induce basal tone). In Zucker Diabetic-Sprague Dawley kidneys, NPY 1–36 and GLP-1(7–36)NH 2 exerted little, if any, effect on renovascular tone. In contrast, in SHR kidneys, both NPY 1–36 and GLP-1(7–36)NH 2 elicited potent and efficacious vasoconstriction. In conclusion: (1) The effects of DPP4 inhibitors on blood pressure are context dependent; (2) The context-dependent effects of DPP4 inhibitors are due in part to differential renovascular responses to its most important substrates (NPY 1–36 and GLP-1(7–36)NH 2 ); (3) Y 1 receptor antagonists may prevent the prohypertensive and possibly augment the antihypertensive effects of DPP4 inhibitors.
RNA-binding proteins hnRNP A2/B1 and CUGBP1 suppress fragile X CGG premutation repeat-induced neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model of FXTAS

Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a recently described neurodegenerative disorder of older adult carriers of premutation alleles (60–200 CGG repeats) in the fragile X mental retardation gene (FMR1). It has been proposed that FXTAS is an RNA-mediated neurodegenerative disease caused by the titration of RNA-binding proteins by the CGG repeats. To test this hypothesis, we utilize a transgenic Drosophila model of FXTAS that expresses a premutation-length repeat (90 CGG repeats) from the 5′ UTR of the human FMR1 gene and displays neuronal degeneration. Here, we show that overexpression of RNA-binding proteins hnRNP A2/B1 and CUGBP1 suppresses the phenotype of the CGG transgenic fly. Furthermore, we show that hnRNP A2/B1 directly interacts with riboCGG repeats and that the CUGBP1 protein interacts with the riboCGG repeats via hnRNP A2/B1.
Enlarging Our Understanding of Glass Ceiling Effects with Social Closure Theory in Higher Education

Institutions of higher education have committed significant resources to diversity efforts over the past 50 years (Williams, Berger, & McClendon, 2005). For the most part, these resources have been allocated to improve student representation and experiences for women and persons of color (Jackson, 2004a). In doing so, less attention has been given to similar organizational experiences for women and professionals of color. Therefore, fewer research and practice-based resources are available to address workplace discrimination challenges in higher education. Accordingly, this chapter draws heavily from glass ceiling effects research conducted in business and the armed forces to help understand how higher education can foster workforce diversity. Concurrently, social closure theory is introduced as an analytical framework to advance organizational ownership of workplace discrimination in general and glass ceiling effects in particular.
Limitations of a parallel processor scheduling algorithm

The problem of scheduling n jobs on m parallel identical processors is studied. It is shown that an algorithm previously considered to be optimal is not so. Next, n modified approach is proposed and its limitations are examined.
Acute Intermittent Porphyria With Seizure and Paralysis in the Puerperium

Porphyrias are a group of metabolic disorders, usually genetic in origin, secondary to deficiencies of various enzymes involved in the heme biosynthetic pathways. They are usually classified into hepatic and erythropoietic types based on the major sites of the porphyrin production. It is more clinically useful, however, to classify this disorder into acute and nonacute types based on the clinical findings. Acute type includes the acute intermittent porphyria, variegate porphyria, and hereditary coproporphyria. The nona cute type includes the porphyria cutanea tarda and erythropoietic porphyrias. Acute intermittent porphyria is the most severe form of the disease, with gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric manifestations, such as abdominal pain, vomiting, peripheral neuropathy (motor, sensory, and autonomic), hypertension, seizures, depression, psychosis, and so on. Pregnancy complicating a known diagnosis of porphyria has been reported as early as in the 1950s. A first attack of acute porphyria with pregnancy is rare, however. 11 This disease can be a diagnostic challenge to obstetricians and family physicians. It is important that physicians are alert to porphyria so they can make this diagnosis promptly, because proper management will dramatically improve the outcome in this otherwise debilitating and potentially life-threatening disease. We describe a very rare case of acute intermittent porphyria in which the patient had a generalized seizure and progressive paralysis in the puerperium.
Ascorbic Acid Inhibition of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Activity

AbstractLow levels of ascorbic acid reversibly inhibit mouse brain and beef heart cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in vitro. Inhibition is noncompetitive with a Kt ≃ 10-4 M. Similar inhibition occurs with D-ascorbate but not with dehydroascorbate or metabisulfite. The kinetics of inhibition by ascorbic acid were similar for “high” and “low” Km cAMP phosphodiesterase and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.
RN-BSN education: 21st century barriers and incentives

Design Qualitative using phenomenological inquiry. Methods Purposive sample of six RN-BSN students participated in focus group interviews. Data were analysed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Findings Incentives included: (1) being at the right time in life; (2) working with options; (3) Achieving a personal goal; (4) BSN provides a credible professional identity; (5) encouragement from contemporaries; and (6) user-friendly RN-BSN programmes. Barriers included: (1) time; (2) fear; (3) lack of recognition for past educational and life accomplishments; (4) equal treatment of BSN, ASN and diploma RNs; and (5) negative ASN or diploma school experience. Conclusions RN-BSN educational mobility is imperative as: (a) 70% of practicing RNs (USA) are educated at the ASN or diploma level; (b) nurse academicians and leaders are retiring in large numbers; and (c) research links BSN-educated RNs with improved patient outcomes. Implications for nursing management RN-BSN educational mobility is imperative to nurse managers and nurse administrators because: (a) research links BSN-educated RNs with improved patient outcomes; (b) nurse leaders and academicians are retiring in large numbers; and (c) approximately 70% of practicing RNs (USA) are educated at the associate degree or diploma level with only 15% moving on to achieve a degree past the associate level. Measures to foster incentives and inhibit barriers (caring curricula and recognition of different educational levels) should be implemented at all levels of nursing practice, management and academia.
An OCR-independent character segmentation using shortest-path in grayscale document images

An optical character recognition (OCR) system with a high recognition rate is challenging to develop. One of the major contributors to OCR errors is smeared characters. Several factors lead to the smearing of characters such as bad scanning quality and a poor binarization technique. Typical approaches to character segmentation falls into three major categories: image-based, recognition-based, and holistic-based. Among these approaches, the segmentation path can be linear or non-linear. Our paper proposes a non-linear approach to segment characters on grayscale document images. Our method first determines whether characters are smeared together using general character features. The correct segmentation path is found using a shortest path approach. We achieved a segmentation accuracy of 95% over a set of about 2,000 smeared characters.
Impact of glyphosate-resistant volunteer corn (Zea mays L.) density, control timing, and late-season emergence on yield of glyphosate- resistant soybean (Glycine max L.)

Abstract Glyphosate-resistant (GR) volunteer corn is a troublesome weed in soybean fields in a corn-soybean rotation as well as in corn fields in a continuous corn production system. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of (1) different densities of GR volunteer corn on soybean yields, present as individual plants or clumps, controlled at fourth trifoliate (V4), sixth trifoliate (V6), or full flowering (R2) soybean growth stages, and (2) late-season volunteer corn emergence on soybean yields, after being controlled at different soybean growth stages. Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 under irrigated conditions in Clay County, Nebraska, and under rain-fed conditions in Lancaster County, Nebraska, USA. To maintain the desired number of isolated volunteer corn plants (1250, 2500, 5000, and 10,000 plants ha −1 ) and clumps (63, 125, 250, and 500 clumps ha −1 ), individual seeds and/or corn ears were hand-planted in each plot based on their respective target densities. Volunteer corn was controlled with applications of clethodim at V4, V6, or R2 soybean growth stages. Late-season volunteer corn emergence had no effect on soybean yield with volunteer corn densities and control timings at both locations in 2013 and 2014. During the first year of study at Clay County, volunteer corn densities and control timings had no effect on soybean yield. When volunteer corn was left uncontrolled or controlled at the R2 soybean growth stage, yield was the lowest at highest isolated volunteer corn plants (10,000 plants ha −1 ) plus clump density (500 clumps ha −1 ) during the second year of study in Clay County (≤5068 kg ha −1 ) and during both years of study in Lancaster County (≤1968 kg ha −1 ).
Immunocytochemical localization of Na-K-ATPase α- and γ-subunits in rat kidney

The γ-subunit of the Na-K-ATPase is a single-span membrane protein that alters the kinetic properties of the enzyme. It is expressed in the kidney, but our initial observations indicated that it is...