cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study on safety of zanthoxylum in Sichuan dishes

The safety of zanthoxylum in Sichuan dishes was evaluated by mimicking the cooking styles (including poaching,deep-frying and powder) and dosages of zanthoxylum in Sichuan dishes.GC/MS method was used to analyze the ingredients of zanthoxylum oil and water.Furthermore,micronuclei test and comet assay for the genotoxicity of zanthoxylum oil,water and powder.The results showed that there are only the same 7 ingredients found in both zanthoxylum oil and water.Acrylamide was found in zanthoxylum oil and glycidol and phenolic chemicals were found in zanthoxylum water.The results of micronuclei test and comet assay were negative.The safety evaluation protocols of zanthoxylum should be completed for food safety.
Nurses and Industry: Conflict or Collaboration?

Grundy and colleagues give us an opening glance at the personal narratives of nurse–industry relationships from nonprescribing practicing nurses. The editorialists discuss that, because registered ...
Forty years of fluorine chemistry: King's College, Newcastle (1954–57); The University of British Columbia (1958–66); Princeton University (1966–69); And the University of California at Berkeley (1969–98)

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the forty years career of Neil Bartlett in the field of fluorine chemistry. He graduated from the King's College, London. After graduation, he was persuaded by members of the Inorganic Chemistry research group, run by the Reader in Inorganic Chemistry, P. L. Robinson, for research in inorganic chemistry. They pointed out that there were many exciting opportunities for research in that subdepartment, including fluorine chemistry. Neil Bartlett's broad research directive from P. L. Robinson was to work on improving the preparation of SF4 and to look out for lower fluorides of sulfur. He was kept entirely occupied with the characterization of SF4, SeF4, and TeF4. In the spare time from his thesis work on the chalcogenide tetrafluorides, he attempted to settle the nature of the new platinum oxyfluoride material. His laboratory research experiences had already indicated that Pt[V] and possibly Pt[VI] were attainable, with fluorine as the oxidizer and ligand. He found generous support for research, initially, from the National Research Council of Canada and The Research Corporation. In Princeton, the National Science Foundation supported him; and since his move to Berkeley, he always enjoyed total funding from the US Department of Energy.
Theoretical Inconsistencies in the ADAS Model: Can the Model be Rehabilitated?

The aggregate demand and aggregate supply model is the dominant pedagogical device in virtually all intermediate macroeconomic textbooks. Central to this textbook model is the conventional aggregate demand (AD) curve derived from the ISLM framework. Price-induced changes in the real money supply shift the LM curve along an unchanging IS curve (absent a real balance effect) and map out levels of output at which aggregate demand and real output are equal. The resulting AD curve is then paired with an aggregate supply (AS) curve, derived from the labour market and a production function, to determine the equilibrium price level and rate of output.1
The Solution of Equations

It is known that there is no formula (involving radicals only) for the roots of a general equation of degree exceeding 4. The familiar form for the roots of the quadratic $${x^2} + px + q = 0$$ is $${x_ \pm } = - {\textstyle{1 \over 2}}p \pm \sqrt {\left( {{p^2}/4} \right) - q.} $$ The formulas for the case of cubics and quartics are given in algebra texts and the reader should try to use them, checking the results obtained from tables.
Severe human monocytic ehrlichiosis presenting with altered mental status and seizures

A previously healthy 66-year-old woman living in the Mid-Atlantic USA presented to the hospital with lethargy, ataxia and slurred speech. 2 weeks prior she had removed a tick from her right groin. She reported malaise, fevers, diarrhoea, cough and a rash. Physical examination revealed a maculopapular rash on her chest, and lung auscultation revealed bi-basilar rales. Laboratory tests were remarkable for hyponatraemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Chest X-ray demonstrated bilateral pleural effusions with pulmonary oedema. She was treated with ceftriaxone and azithromycin for possible community-acquired pneumonia but declining mental status necessitated intensive care unit transfer. Vancomycin and doxycycline were added. Her course was complicated by seizures requiring antiepileptic therapy. Peripheral blood smear demonstrated morulae in monocytes. Serum Ehrlichia chaffeensis DNA was positive confirming the diagnosis of human monocytic ehrlichiosis. She recovered without residual neurological deficits after 10 days of doxycycline therapy.
Meningococcemia and Purpura Fulminans

Meningococcemia is an invasive bacterial infection by the Gram-negative diplococcus, Neisseria meningitidis, which is often rapidly fatal if not detected and treated early. Neisseria meningitidis infections occur both endemically and epidemically. Sporadic disease occurs more commonly during winter and early spring months and affects predominantly children. The highest rate of infection is in infants 6 months to 1 year, with a steady decline in infection rate with age. This is likely explained by passive maternal immunity providing protection in the first 6 months and gradual onset of acquired immunity with age.
Generalized Surface Coordination Number as an Activity Descriptor for CO2 Reduction on Cu Surfaces

Surface engineering has proved effective in enhancing activities of CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) on Cu. However, predictive guidance is necessary for the surface engineering to reach its full potential. We propose that the generalized coordination number (GCN) can be used as a descriptor to characterize CO2RR on Cu surfaces. A set of linear scaling relations between the binding energy of CO2RR intermediates and GCN are established to construct a volcano-type coordination–activity plot and from which we can derive the theoretical overpotential limit on Cu surfaces. We predict that the dimerized (111) surface yields the lowest possible overpotential on Cu for CO2RR to methane, and surface engineering by creating adatoms could lower CO2RR overpotentials and simultaneously suppress the competing hydrogen evolution reaction.
The Pin Factory Revisited: Product Diversification and Productivity Growth

Manufacturing plants have been producing an increasingly homogeneous product mix over recent years. Individual plants have been manufacturing fewer and less dissimilar products. The trend is ubiquitous across industries and is unlikely to be a random event. An index of product diversification is introduced into a fixed-effects model of productivity growth derived formally from a factor-minimal cost function. Specialization at the production site is found to have spurred productivity growth. Over the 1963-87 period, decreasing product heterogeneity has accounted for about 17 percent of productivity growth in U.S. manufacturing, second in importance only to technical change and equaling the contribution of scale economies.
An ultra-compact 16-pixel local oscillator at 1.9 THz

In this work we report on the design, fabrication and initial tests of an ultra-compact 16-pixel 1.9 THz local oscillator source with >10 μW output power per pixel at room temperature. The power of each pixel can be individually controlled through the dc bias of the multiplier stages. The total dimensions of the module is 143mm × 30 mm × 25 mm. The pixel spacing is 5 mm and the total estimated dc power consumption is of 2.6 W/pixel, including the synthesizer. This represents a factor of 4 increase in number of pixels and a factor of 5 reduction in dc power consumption per pixel with regards to previously demonstrated arrays at 1.9 THz.
Righting Wrongs on Anuta

Apology and compensation are commonly employed to reestablish social harmony when one person causes injury to others, thereby disrupting social order. Here I explore the way in which these mechanisms are utilized by the people of Anuta, a Polynesian outlier in the Solomon Islands. I suggest that compensation and apology need not be counterposed and, in fact, are often intertwined as aspects of a single process. Historical transition from the widespread Polynesian emphasis on rank, respect, collective responsibility, and mutual assistance to a more individualistic and competitive cultural environment has led to changes in Anutan views of right and wrong. This, in turn, adds to the difficulty and complexity of moral judgment, and it has affected Anutan understanding of the consequences of illicit behavior consequences that range from the automatic workings of the cosmos to curses, physical punishment meted out by chiefs, and composition of songs intended to shame the offender. Woven through this article is a consideration of Anuta's cultural logic and the strain under which that logic has been placed as a result of the community's exposure to the wider political and economic realities of late-twentieth-century life.
Endovascular repair of a ruptured thoracic aortic dissection with a right sided aortic arch: A case report

Abstract Background Emergency treatment of complex aortic pathology is challenging in the setting of a right-sided aortic arch. We report the successful treatment of a ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) in the setting of a Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD) and right-sided aortic arch. Presentation of case The patient is a 66-year-old male with chronic kidney disease (CKD) admitted with right sided chest pain and hypotension. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed a 5 cm ruptured TAA in the setting of a TBAD and right-sided aortic arch. The TBAD began just distal to the right common carotid artery and involved the origin of the left subclavian artery (SCA). Using a totally percutaneous approach, a conformable Gore ® TAG ® thoracic endoprosthesis was placed in proximal descending thoracic aorta covering the left SCA. Aside from progression of his pre-existing CKD, the patient had an uneventful recovery. CTA one-month post-procedure revealed a type IB endoleak with degeneration of the distal descending thoracic aorta. To exclude the endoleak, the repair was extended distally using a Medtronic Valiant ® thoracic stent graft. The left subclavian artery was subsequently coil embolized to treat an additional retrograde endoleak. The patient has done well with no further evidence of endoleak or aneurysm expansion. Conclusion Right-sided aortic arch presents challenges in the emergency setting. CTA and post-processing reconstructions are very helpful. While the endoleaks prompted additional interventions, the end result was excellent. This case displays the importance of careful attention to detail and follow-up in these complicated patients.
Connections between north-central United States summer hydroclimatology and Arctic sea ice variability

Arctic sea ice has been shrinking at unprecedented rates over the past three decades. These cryospheric changes have coincided with greater incidence of global extreme weather conditions, including increased severity and frequency of summer heatwaves and extreme rainfall events. Recent studies identify potential physical mechanisms related to Rossby wave and resonance theories that may attribute the observed changes in extreme summer weather patterns to Arctic sea ice decline. This study explores the linkages between summer Arctic sea ice variability and hydroclimate of the north-central United States (US) during the 1979 to 2013 period. Since 1979, summers with low sea ice conditions have coincided with significant increases in mean, minimum, maximum, and dew point air temperatures. Also apparent are increases in seasonal precipitation, the number of wet days, heavy (>95th percentile) precipitation days, and accumulated precipitation over the region. These moisture changes coincide with atmospheric patterns typically observed during anomalously wet summers, known to prompt flooding across the Upper Mississippi River Valley (UMRV) region. Low sea ice summers have coincided with (1) enhanced southerly air flow and increased activity of the Great Plains Low Level Jet (GPLLJ) over the study area, (2) increased occurrence of moist tropical air masses over the UMRV region, and (3) amplified 500 hPa flow over the Pacific-North American region with a ridge situated over the central-eastern portions of the North American continent emanating from Greenland and the central Arctic basin. The results suggest summer Arctic sea ice variability has been associated with recent hydroclimate anomalies of the north-central United States and the UMRV region and add to our growing knowledge of the connections between a changing Arctic environment and concurrent mid-latitude climate variability.
Bipolar Disorder in Primary Care: Integrated Care Experiences

Primary care clinics are increasingly implementing collaborative care models to care for patients with psychiatric illnesses in primary care. The evidence base for the effectiveness of collaborative care has largely been derived from the care of patients with depression or anxiety disorders, although psychiatrists working in primary care may encounter patients with illnesses other than depression or anxiety disorder, notably bipolar disorder. Patients with bipolar disorder report having received treatment in primary care in equal proportions as those in specialty care settings over the past 12 months, although quality of care is lower in primary care than in specialty care settings. For patients already presenting to primary care, collaborative care is one population-based care model that may increase the proportion of individuals with bipolar disorder who are exposed to high-quality psychiatric care, such as appropriate medication treatment and laboratory monitoring. The primary care setting may even pre...
Disaggregating the Impacts of Virtuality on Team Identification

Team identification is an important predictor of team success. As teams become more virtual, team identification is expected to become more important. Yet, the dimensions of virtuality such as geographic dispersion, reliance on electronic communications and diversity in team membership can undermine team identification. To better understand the impact of virtuality, the authors conducted a study with 248 employees in 55 teams to examine the complex and codependent effects of virtuality. Results indicate that although geographic dispersion and perceived differences can undermine team identification, reliance on electronic communications increases team identification and weakens the negative relationship between perceived differences and team identification.
Situation Aware Multi-task Learning for Traffic Prediction

Due to the recent vast availability of transportation traffic data, major research efforts have been devoted to traffic prediction, which is useful in many applications such as urban planning, traffic management and navigations systems. Current prediction methods that independently train a model per traffic sensor cannot accurately predict traffic in every situation (e.g., rush hours, constructions and accidents) because there may not exist sufficient training samples per sensor for all situations. To address this shortcoming, our core idea is to explore the commonalities of prediction tasks across multiple sensors who behave similarly in a specific traffic situation. Instead of building a model independently per sensor, we propose a Multi-Task Learning (MTL) framework that aims to first automatically identify the traffic situations and then simultaneously build one forecasting model for similar-behaving sensors per traffic situation. The key innovation here is that instead of the straightforward application of MTL where each "task" corresponds to a sensor, we relate each MTL's "task" to a traffic situation. Specifically, we first identify these traffic situations by running clustering algorithms on all sensors' data. Subsequently, to enforce the commonalities under each identified situation, we use the group Lasso regularization in MTL to select a common set of features for the prediction tasks, and we adapt efficient FISTA algorithm with guaranteed convergence rate. We evaluated our methods with a large volume of real-world traffic sensor data; our results show that by incorporating traffic situations, our proposed MTL framework performs consistently better than naively applying MTL per sensor. Moreover, our holistic approach, under different traffic situations, outperforms all the best traffic prediction approaches for a given situation by up to 18% and 30% in short and long term predictions, respectively.
Automated HDL signal processing deployment performance from high level MATLAB specification for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

Future Department of Defense needs include rapid implementation and testing of signal processing algorithms on forward deployed unmanned autonomous hardware systems. The Naval Research Laboratory has prototyped several signal processing algorithms to test the feasibility of using MATLAB with the HDL Coder toolbox for rapid implementation and testing of signal processing algorithms on hardware. This paper documents the signal processing algorithms and test inputs, MATLAB implementation, and performance and implementation results for generated VHDL code for specific targets.
Inhibiting Cancer Angiogenesis With Molecular Therapy

An exciting approach in cancer molecular therapy is the ability to target the developing blood supply of the tumor. In contrast to several other molecular therapy approaches, antiangiogenic molecular therapy can readily access its target—the tumor vasculature. Numerous viral and nonviral vectors that target tumor angiogenesis have demonstrated antitumor efficacy in preclinical models in vivo. Molecular therapy strategies that inhibit proangiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or its receptors include antisense methods, RNAzymes, DNAzymes, RNAi, or a dominant-negative protein encoded from a gene. These therapeutic molecules could be incorporated within mammalian expression vectors (plasmids or viruses) and/or delivered as small therapeutic polynucleotide molecules. Alternatively, tumor angiogenesis could be inhibited by in vivo expression of “endogenous” antiangiogenic proteins or peptides such as thrombospondin 1 or 2. In this chapter, we discuss the current status and strategies of antiangiogenic molecular therapy.
Acute Colonic Bleeding

The term “lower gastrointestinal (LGI) bleeding” usually refers to a bleeding site starting below the ligament of Treitz (Jensen and Machicado 1988). “Hematochezia” is the clinical term applied to the passage of bright red blood or maroon colored stool, with or without clots, per rectum. We prefer to use “severe hematochezia” rather than lower gastrointestinal (LGI) or colonic bleeding, because the former is a clinically relevant term. Also, the terms “lower or colonic GI bleeding” assume that all patients with severe hematochezia have colonic bleeding sites, which is incorrect. About 15–20% of patients with severe hematochezia have upper gastrointestinal (UGI) sources of bleeding, another 4–6% have documented bleeding from the small bowel between the ligament of Treitz and the terminal ileum, and another 3–5% have no source identified (Jensen and Machicado 1988; Kovacs and Jensen 2005).
Modeling the passive properties of nonpyramidal neurons in hippocampal area CA3

We have been studying the passive membrane properties of nonpyramidal neurons in the CA3 region of the hippocampal formation. Using a combination of current-clamp recording, three-dimensional reconstruction, and compartmental modeling we examined the passive somatic membrane response and dendritic voltage attenuation in identified nonpyramidal, and therefore presumed inhibitory, neurons. The input resistance (RN) of compartmental models closely fit measured values for RN in more than 50% of cells studied. Membrane charging in these models, however, did not fit experimentally measured values. Finally, analysis of voltage attenuation in our neuron models suggests that voltage signals significantly attenuate from most dendritic locations to the soma.
Web APIs - challenges, design points, and research opportunities: invited talk at the 2nd international workshop on API usage and evolution (WAPI '18)

Web Application Programming Interfaces (web APIs) provide programmatic, network-based access to remote data or functionalities. Applications, for example, use the Google Places API to learn about nearby establishments, use the Twitter, Instagram, or Facebook API to connect users with friends and family, or use the Stripe API to accept end-user payments. Increasingly, applications themselves consist of micro-services that expose their capabilities to one another using web APIs.In comparison to library APIs, which are a common subject of software engineering research, web APIs present unique challenges - both for providers and consumers - that are arguably much less explored yet [3]. For one, in web APIs, providers control both the API and the runtime providing the capabilities exposed by the API. In consequence, providers may extend, change, or even remove these capabilities or the API, with possibly severe effects for consuming applications. In contrast, applications typically depend on specific versions of software libraries, which can be used even as the library evolves. Being controlled by another party and invoked via network, web API consumers also have to consider and possibly mitigate varying quality of service (QoS) characteristics. Primarily, the availabilities and response times of web APIs change over time, possibly impacting application performance or functionality. Furthermore, the use of library APIs is eased by mechanisms like auto-complete or IDE-integrated documentation (at least in typed languages). In contrast, web APIs commonly lack machine-understandable specifications and consume and provide data in the form of strings. To correctly use a web API, developers have to familiarize with semi-structured documentation pages, often written in HTML - there are only few IDE-based error-checking approaches for web APIs yet [2]. Whereas for many programming languages central package manager services provide unified access to available libraries (think Maven for Java, npm for JavaScript, or RubyGems for Ruby), comprehensive listings of web APIs do not exist, hardening their discovery and selection.In this talk, we outline the characteristics of web APIs causing these challenges. We discuss relevant design points, both for providers and consumers, how these design points have been implemented by different web API paradigms in recent years, and recent attempts to bride these paradigms [1]. Throughout the talk, we give examples of our research to address web API-related challenges. Our goal is to inspire WAPI attendees to take on some of the many research opportunities surrounding web APIs.
Abstract 2240: Diet and exercise-induced weight maintenance, alone and in combination with a whole tumor cell vaccine, delays mammary tumor growth and reduces tumor-infiltrating MDSCs expressing PD-L1 and IDO

Obesity and physical inactivity increase breast cancer risk, while the prevention of weight gain by diet and exercise can be protective. Numerous biological mechanisms are proposed to explain the beneficial effects of weight maintenance, including changes in metabolic, inflammatory and immune mediators. We have previously shown that diet and exercise-induced weight maintenance (WM), in combination with a whole 4T1.2luc tumor cell vaccine (VAX), significantly reduced mammary tumor growth and metastases in the 4T1.2luc murine mammary tumor model. This reduction in growth and metastases occurred concomitantly with an elevation in tumor antigen-induced splenic IFN-γ production and a reduction in the accumulation of splenic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) at day 35 post-tumor implantation. The goal of the current study was to determine if WM+VAX alters the tumor microenvironment at an early stage of tumor growth (day 24 post-tumor implantation) which may contribute to reduced tumor growth and enhanced immune outcomes at day 35 post-tumor implantation. Female BALB/c mice were randomized into sedentary, weight gain (WG) or exercising (access to voluntary running wheel), weight maintenance (WM) groups (n=22-27/group). After 8 weeks on the intervention, all mice were orthotopically injected with 5x104 4T1.2luc cells into the fourth mammary fat pad and continued on their intervention. Once injected, both WG and WM mice were further randomized into vaccination (VAX) or vehicle control (VEH) groups (n=10-15/group) and administered 1x106 irradiated 4T1.2luc cells (VAX) or HBSS (VEH) at day 7, 14 and 21 post-tumor implantation. Mice were sacrificed at day 24 post-tumor implantation and tumor-infiltrating immune cells were isolated for analyses. Both WM+VEH and WM+VAX groups showed a significant reduction in primary tumor growth and splenomegaly compared to both WG groups (p Citation Format: Yitong Xu, William J. Turbitt, Andrea M. Mastro, Connie J. Rogers. Diet and exercise-induced weight maintenance, alone and in combination with a whole tumor cell vaccine, delays mammary tumor growth and reduces tumor-infiltrating MDSCs expressing PD-L1 and IDO [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2240.
Prevalence of Parent-Reported Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Associated Health Conditions.

Importance Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children results in a high number of emergency department visits and risk for long-term adverse effects. Objectives To estimate lifetime prevalence of TBI in a nationally representative sample of US children and describe the association between TBI and other childhood health conditions. Design, Setting, and Participants Data were analyzed from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children’s Health, a cross-sectional telephone survey of US households with a response rate of 23%. Traumatic brain injury prevalence estimates were stratified by sociodemographic characteristics. The likelihood of reporting specific health conditions was compared between children with and without TBI. Age-adjusted prevalence estimates were computed for each state. Associations between TBI prevalence, insurance type, and parent rating of insurance adequacy were examined. Data analysis was conducted from February 1, 2016, through November 1, 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Lifetime estimate of TBI in children, associated childhood health conditions, and parent report of health insurance type and adequacy. Results The lifetime estimate of parent-reported TBI among children was 2.5% (95% CI, 2.3%-2.7%), representing over 1.8 million children nationally. Children with a lifetime history of TBI were more likely to have a variety of health conditions compared with those without a TBI history. Those with the highest prevalence included learning disorders (21.4%; 95% CI, 18.1%-25.2%); attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (20.5%; 95% CI, 17.4%-24.0%); speech/language problems (18.6%; 95% CI, 15.8%-21.7%); developmental delay (15.3%; 95% CI, 12.9%-18.1%); bone, joint, or muscle problems (14.2%; 95% CI, 11.6%-17.2%); and anxiety problems (13.2%; 95% CI, 11.0%-16.0%). States with a higher prevalence of childhood TBI were more likely to have a higher proportion of children with private health insurance and higher parent report of adequate insurance. Examples of states with higher prevalence of TBI and higher proportion of private insurance included Maine, Vermont, Pennsylvania, Washington, Montana, Wyoming North Dakota, South Dakota, and Colorado. Conclusions and Relevance A large number of US children have experienced a TBI during childhood. Higher TBI prevalence in states with greater levels of private insurance and insurance adequacy may suggest an underrecognition of TBI among children with less access to care. For more comprehensive monitoring, health care professionals should be aware of the increased risk of associated health conditions among children with TBI.
Cognitive Late Effects and Their Management

With improved survival rates, increasing numbers of childhood brain tumor survivors are experiencing long-term cognitive deficits associated with cancer and related treatments. This cognitive dysfunction, termed cognitive late effects, has a high prevalence rate and can negatively impact the ability to attain important milestones of adulthood. Early research revealed declines on global measures of cognitive abilities, such as intellectual functioning, that reflect a more protracted development of new skills. More recent research has identified core cognitive deficits that underlie global declines and most commonly include attention, processing speed, and executive functions. Among brain tumors, there is heterogeneity in tumor location, histology, rate of growth, and treatment approach, which contributes to differential risk for cognitive late effects. Universal risk factors for cognitive late effects include younger age at treatment, higher treatment intensity, medical complications, longer time since treatment, and female sex. There are also tumor-specific risk factors emerging in the literature such as posterior fossa syndrome among children treated for medulloblastoma. Cognitive intervention research has been building momentum with promising findings related to pharmacotherapy, therapist-delivered cognitive remediation, computerized cognitive training, and even aerobic exercise training. That said, there is much work to be done to improve not only survival rates but also the quality of survivorship.
Rethinking Control: Complexity in Agri-environmental Governance Research

First paragraph: Discourse on governance always faces the challenge of describing, and usually simpli­fying, the many voices who formally and informally participate in controlling, and therefore governing, shared outcomes for community members both locally and globally (Callon, Lascoumes, & Barthe, 2009). Environmental and agricultural governance faces this problem redoubled, as outcomes and governing bodies cross boundaries between spe­cies, affecting humans and nonhumans, animals and otherwise (Latour, 2017; Tsing, 2015). Ad­dress­ing incoher­ence, difference, and complexity (Law, 2004) is a general research concern among social scientists who wish to avoid subjugating otherwise margin­alized participants. By looking to measurements and research methods that arise from studies outside politics and economics, actors that would be hidden or silenced by political economic critiques and metrics may become visi­ble. For engaged governance research, the benefits of this are clear: a more inclusive social science of govern­ing stakeholders. This edited collection brings together diverse international scholarship in agri-food social science research to rethink the frame­work of agri-environmental governance. The edi­tors frame the selection of essays as efforts to look to the mess of stakeholders, legislators, grow­ers, eaters, food councils, lands, crops, assessments, and so forth as a governing assemblage. By doing this, researchers are able to explore meanings and social experiences that diverge (although do not entirely separate) from neoliberal (e.g., large, cor­porate) frameworks in ways that complicate the governing underpinnings that are continually at work (re)territorializing the world of agriculture, food, and environment policy and praxis....
Effects of the substance P receptor antagonist CP-96,345 on renal sensory receptor activation

In anesthetized rats, we examined the effects of the substance P (SP) receptor antagonist CP-96,345 on the renorenal reflex responses to renal mechanoreceptor (MR) stimulation produced by increased ureteral pressure. Renal pelvic administration of SP at 0.16, 0.8, 4.0, 20, and 100 micrograms/ml increased ipsilateral afferent renal nerve activity (ARNA) in a concentration-dependent fashion, 45 +/- 28, 134 +/- 26, 185 +/- 24, 185 +/- 25, and 274 +/- 39%, respectively. Renal pelvic perfusion with CP-96,345 at 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/ml dose-dependently reduced the ARNA response to 4.0 micrograms/ml SP, by 5 +/- 17, 46 +/- 9, and 72 +/- 12%, respectively. Increasing ureteral pressure three times in the presence of renal pelvic perfusion with vehicle, 1 mg/ml CP-96,345, and vehicle, increased ARNA 77 +/- 21, 29 +/- 13, and 101 +/- 36%, respectively. Thus CP-96,345 produced a reversible blockade of the ARNA responses to renal MR stimulation. Increasing ureteral pressure three times in the presence of renal pelvic perfusion with vehicle, CP-96,345 (1 mg/ml), and CP-96,345 + 25-40 micrograms/ml SP, increased ARNA 108 +/- 15, 43 +/- 14, and 153 +/- 63%, respectively. Thus CP-96,345 produced a competitive blockade of the ARNA responses to renal MR stimulation. The contralateral diuretic and natriuretic responses to increased ureteral pressure were also blocked in a reversible and competitive fashion by CP-96,345. The inactive 2R,3R enantiomer of CP-96,345, CP-96,344 (1 mg/ml). had no effect on the ipsilateral ARNA or the contralateral renal excretory responses to increased ureteral pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Optimizing Preanesthesia Care for the Gynecologic Patient

In the past, best practices for perioperative management have been based as much on dogma as science. The creation of optimized perioperative pathways, known as enhanced recovery after surgery, has been shown to simultaneously improve patient outcomes and reduce cost. In this article, we critically review interventions (and omission of interventions) that should be considered by every surgical team to optimize preanesthesia care. This includes patient education, properly managing existing medical comorbidities, optimizing nutrition, and the use of medications before incision that have been shown to reduce surgical stress, opioid requirements, and postoperative complications. Anesthetic techniques, the use of adjunct medications administered after incision, and postoperative management are beyond the scope of this review. When possible, we have relied on randomized trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews to support our recommendations. In some instances, we have drawn from the general and colorectal surgery literature if evidence in gynecologic surgery is limited or of poor quality. In particular, hospital systems should aim to adhere to antibiotic and thromboembolic prophylaxis for 100% of patients, the mantra, "nil by mouth after midnight" should be abandoned in favor of adopting a preoperative diet that maintains euvolemia and energy stores to optimize healing, and bowel preparation should be abandoned for patients undergoing gynecologic surgery for benign indications and minimally invasive gynecologic surgery.
Optimal Ultrasonic Pulse Transmission for Miniaturized Biomedical Implants

This paper presents optimal ultrasonic pulse transmission that could be used for data transmission to/from millimeter-sized biomedical implants in general or the selfimage-guided ultrasonic (SIG-US) wireless power transfer (WPT), which we have recently proposed. To reduce the power consumption of the implant, data bits can be applied as sharp pulses across the implant’s ultrasonic transducer, resulting in a signal in the form of a short ringing across the external unit transducer (or array). In SIG-US WPT, also short pulses are transmitted by the implant periodically. The relative delays in received signal by each external transducer in an array are then used to guide the beamformer for optimal steering of the power beam towards the implant. Through simulations and measurements, the effect of transmitted number of pulses (Np) on the amplitude of the received signal (V DRx ) has been studied, which is vital for low-power robust transmission. In measurements with two identical disc-shaped transducers (spaced by d = 50 mm inside water) with the diameter of 1.2 mm and thickness of 0.9 mm (series resonance frequency of ~1.3 MHz), V DRx increased almost linearly with Np (50% duty cycle with the period of 1/1.3 MHz ~ 770 ns) up to Np = 5 beyond which VDRX increase was negligible and started to saturate at Np = 10. In the SIG-US context, it was also shown in measurements that for up to 25 mm misalignment of the implant at d = 50 mm, the relative delay in receiving 4 pulses increased from 40 ns to 4.75 μs, which are quite measurable.
AAV-Mediated CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing in Murine Phenylketonuria.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) due to recessively inherited phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency results in hyperphenylalaninemia, which is toxic to the central nervous system. Restriction of dietary phenylalanine intake remains the standard of PKU care and prevents the major neurologic manifestations of the disease, yet shortcomings of dietary therapy remain, including poor adherence to a difficult and unpalatable diet, an increased incidence of neuropsychiatric illness, and imperfect neurocognitive outcomes. Gene therapy for PKU is a promising novel approach to promote lifelong neurological protection while allowing unrestricted dietary phenylalanine intake. In this study, liver-tropic recombinant AAV2/8 vectors were used to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 machinery and facilitate correction of the Pahenu2 allele by homologous recombination. Additionally, a non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) inhibitor, vanillin, was co-administered with the viral drug to promote homology-directed repair (HDR) with the AAV-provided repair template. This combinatorial drug administration allowed for lifelong, permanent correction of the Pahenu2 allele in a portion of treated hepatocytes of mice with PKU, yielding partial restoration of liver PAH activity, substantial reduction of blood phenylalanine, and prevention of maternal PKU effects during breeding. This work reveals that CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is a promising tool for permanent PKU gene editing.
Abstract B78: NIR light-triggered photoimmunotherapy selectively destroy tumor cells in a clinically relevant desmoplastic heterocellular model

Near-infrared light-triggered photoimmunotherapy, utilizing the simultaneous presence of light and targeted conjugates, has emerged as a promising approach to impart selective cytotoxicity, especially for more complex nanoconstructs. Targeted immunoconjugates promise unique capabilities of combining multiple therapeutic agents within a single nanoplatform and promise great advances in revolutionizing cancer treatments, promoting selective drug localization and photo-triggered release of secondary agents to tumors cells that overexpress specific receptors. This study has utilized smart, liposome-based photoactivatable multiagent nanoconjugates, doped with a photoactivatable chromophore benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) labeled with an active targeting ligand cetuximab to target the EGFR receptor (overexpressed on various cancer cells) for quantitative molecular imaging to measure the true in vivo receptor specificity and localized photodynamic therapy following NIR activation, that further can trigger the release of encapsulated payload to pancreatic cancer spheroids. In an in vivo model, these targeted nanoconstructs demonstrate substantial pancreatic tumor necrosis in a receptor-specific manner and modulate the collagen content in desmoplastic model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (MIA PaCa-2) in the presence of patient-derived pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts (PCAFs). This study establishes a tunable path towards optimally effective multiagent nanoconjugates for tumor-specific accumulation and targeted destruction of cancer cells in complex cancer model to enhance the therapeutic index of the administrated drugs. Citation Format: Shazia Bano. NIR light-triggered photoimmunotherapy selectively destroy tumor cells in a clinically relevant desmoplastic heterocellular model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2019 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B78.
No laughing matter: race joking and resistance in Brazilian social media

In No Laughing Matter: Race Joking and Resistance in Brazilian Social Media, Luiz Valerio P. Trindade analyses how white supremacist ideologies and colonial-like discourses are directed towards upw...
The prevalence of 11 ribs and its potential implications in spine surgery.

Abstract Introduction Wrong level surgery is a preventable event in spine surgery. The thoracic spine given its length and anatomical landmarks remains the most challenging spine section for accurate localization during surgery. Traditionally, counting the ribs with intraoperative fluoroscopy is the preferred method. The incidence of 11 ribs instead of the conventional 12 ribs is not examined in current scientific literature, even though the incidence of 11 ribs may have a substantial impact on spinal procedures and the outcomes. This is especially relevant if patients have a potential surgical pathology of their thoracic spine. In this case series we sought to investigate the prevalence of 11 ribs in a trauma population. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of patients presenting with thoracolumbar fractures at our Level I Trauma Center between 2017 and 2018. CT scans were obtained and analyzed by counting the number of ribs. Results Out of 234 patients who were consulted for thoraco-lumbar fractures by spine specialists, 8 patients had 11 ribs which results in a prevalence of 3.4 % in this population. Within these 8 patients, 5 were male (62.5 %). Conclusions Spine surgeons should consider the possibility of numeric variation of ribs when evaluating thoracolumbar spine imaging. In a trauma population with spine fractures, the prevalence of 11 ribs is 3.4 %. Given the not insignificant prevalence of this variant in potentially surgical spine patients, the spine surgeon should remain vigilant of this anatomical variant.
Geopolitics on the ‘Other Side’: Counterpart’s Imaginary of a World System after the Virus

Drawing on analytic frameworks from feminist IR’s interrogation of fear in geopolitics and approaches rooted in the popular culture-world politics (PCWP) continuum, this article examines the ways i...
Overcoming Political Polarization: Federal Funding of Education Is the Key

The best way of overcoming political polarization in the US (the last two elections were both decided by fewer than 100,000 votes in WI, MI, PA (2016) and WI, AZ, GA (2020)) is to reduce disparities in education. But how can we do that? The basic problem arises from the US system of funding K-12 education from property taxes. While the picture above refers to college education, it is K-12 education that determines both college admissions and college readiness. Thus, the only viable solution is a federal solution. As President Nixon proposed in 1972, the United States should adopt an “Education Value Added Tax” (E- VAT) and use the revenues to equalize per student school funding across the country, as well as funding universal free public pre-K programs (such as the ones instituted by Mayor DeBlasio in NYC) and universal free public colleges for in-state residents (as used to be the case in California).
Precision therapeutic targets for COVID-19.

Beginning in late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as a novel pathogen that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 111 million people worldwide and caused over 2.47 million deaths. Individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 show symptoms of fever, cough, dyspnea, and fatigue with severe cases that can develop into pneumonia, myocarditis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypercoagulability, and even multi-organ failure. Current clinical management consists largely of supportive care as commonly administered treatments, including convalescent plasma, remdesivir, and high-dose glucocorticoids. These have demonstrated modest benefits in a small subset of hospitalized patients, with only dexamethasone showing demonstrable efficacy in reducing mortality and length of hospitalization. At this time, no SARS-CoV-2-specific antiviral drugs are available, although several vaccines have been approved for use in recent months. In this review, we will evaluate the efficacy of preclinical and clinical drugs that precisely target three different, essential steps of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle: the spike protein during entry, main protease (MPro) during proteolytic activation, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) during transcription. We will assess the advantages and limitations of drugs that precisely target evolutionarily well-conserved domains, which are less likely to mutate, and therefore less likely to escape the effects of these drugs. We propose that a multi-drug cocktail targeting precise proteins, critical to the viral replication cycle, such as spike protein, MPro, and RdRp, will be the most effective strategy of inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication and limiting its spread in the general population.
Does timing matter when initiating elagolix in a natural menstrual cycle

Objective To investigate the efficacy of elagolix when administered at different time points in a menstrual cycle. Design Clinical case series. Setting Academic reproductive endocrinology center. Patients Ovulatory women not desiring pregnancy. Intervention(s) Six doses of elagolix 200 mg were administered over 4 days, starting at 3 different points in a menstrual cycle: early follicular; late follicular; and midluteal. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P) concentrations were measured at baseline, during elagolix administration, and 1 day after the last dose. Transvaginal ultrasounds were performed to monitor follicle sizes. Main Outcome Measure(s) Serum FSH, LH, E2, and P. Result(s) Twelve women, four per group, completed the study. Subjects were 23–42 years of age. Demographics and ovarian reserve parameters were similar among participants. Elagolix suppressed FSH, LH, E2, and P when administered in the early follicular and midluteal phases but had mixed results when administered in the late follicular phase. Two participants demonstrated suppression of all four hormones. One participant ovulated, indicated by an increase in P concentration and development of a corpus luteum. A second participant did not ovulate yet demonstrated an increase in E2 concentration with growth of a dominant follicle. There were no significant differences in median percent change of hormone concentrations across study groups. Conclusion(s) The results of this study suggest that elagolix can suppress the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis when initiated at different points in a menstrual cycle. Optimal dosing and treatment window for consistent hormone suppression have yet to be determined. Clinical Registration Number NCT04060992
Small ruminant tips for the practitioner

Restraint, local or spinal anesthesia, and short-acting general anesthesia are commonly employed procedures in small ruminant field practice. Correct application of these procedures can greatly facilitate the completion of other common procedures such as debridement of infected wounds of the foot, paring out of hoof lesions, obstetrical procedures, and placement of casts or splints for orthopedic problems. Presented here are different methods for restraint, sedation, and local, spinal, and general anesthesia that the author has used successfully in a field setting.
The Impact of Racial Bias in Patient Care and Medical Education: Let's Focus on the Educator.

Introduction Racial bias in health care is well documented. Research shows the presence of racial bias among health care providers. There is a paucity of workshops focused on racial bias effects in...
Shelley's Intellectual System and Its Epicurean Background

Introduction. 1. Shelley and the Limits of Skepticism 2. The Atomic Basis of Shelley's Intellectual System 3. Shelley's Lucretius: The Edition of Gilbert Wakefield 4. Shelley's Lucretius: The Translation of John Mason Good 5. 'Splendid Blasphemies': Drummond the Epicurean Conclusion. Notes. Bibliography. Index