cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression patterns of FGF receptors in the developing mammalian cochlea

Many studies have shown the importance of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of factors in the development of the mammalian cochlea. There are four fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR1-4) and all four are expressed in the cochlea during development. While there are examples in the literature of expression patterns of some of the receptors at specific stages of cochlear development there has been no systematic study. We have assembled a full analysis of the patterns of receptor expression during cochlear development for all four Fgfrs using in situ hybridization. We have analyzed the expression patterns from embryonic day 13.5 through postnatal ages. We find that Fgfr1, 2, and 3 are expressed in the epithelium of the cochlear duct and Fgfr4 is limited in its expression to the mesenchyme surrounding the duct. We compare the receptor expression pattern to markers of the sensory domain (p27kip1) and the early hair cells (math1).
Group drinking during stress: effects on alcohol intake and group process

This study examines relationships among experimentally imposed stress, alcohol consumption, and group process under conditions of experimental intoxication in a group of three chronic alcoholics. Group structure diminished with drinking as Ss became more involved with their own pathology than with the group. Ss attempted to mobilize themselves towards greater group involvement during stress but failed after minimal initial efforts.The purpose of the present study is to examine the behavior of a group of drinking alcoholics subjected to experimental stress conditions. Previous research makes it clear that the particular social role the alcoholic maintains in the drinking group affects group drinking in various ways, but the precise nature and determinants of this relationship remain uncertain (Bruun, 1959; McNamee et al., 1968; Nathan et al., 1970; Tamerin and Mendelson, 1969). Sociologists and social psychologists have stressed the importance of the group both as a reinforcer for drinking and a model for ...
Model for TFTR motor-generator (MG)

This study is aimed at predicting steady-state and dynamic responses after a sudden load shed for the TFTR motor-generator (MG) system. In the paper, a discussion on the methods, assumptions, and validation of the MG computer model is presented. The model includes the salient pole features (using two-axis theory) and effects of saturation. The steady-state model describing MG performance under normal conditions ignores the changes in flux linkage of windings other than the field winding. This simplification reduces the complexity of the model, yet it still describes the regular pulses of the TFTR generator satisfactorily. Only the field relation is described by the differential equation, and the rest are algebraic. The dynamic response of load shed-a special case in dynamic study-can be of importance in predicting the behavior of the MG system associated with the severe overvoltage problem. More elaborate synchronous generator models are required in this case. Not only the field winding voltage relation, but also the damper winding voltage relation must be described by differential equations. The complete solution can be obtained by means of the Laplace transform. Validation of the MG computer model has been performed by comparison with actual MG load scenarios recorded on electronic digitizers for TFTR shots. The simulation results are comparable to the recorded MG performance data.
Are Mindfulness and Self-Compassion Associated with Sleep and Resilience in Health Professionals?

Abstract Objectives: To describe the relationship between trainable qualities (mindfulness and self-compassion), with factors conceptually related to burnout and quality of care (sleep and resilience) in young health professionals and trainees. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Large Midwestern academic health center. Participants: 213 clinicians and trainees. Outcome measures: Sleep and resilience were assessed by using the 8-item PROMIS Sleep scale and the 6-item Brief Resilience Scale. Mindfulness and self-compassion were assessed using the 10-item Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale, Revised and the 12-item Self-Compassion Scale. Health was assessed with Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health measures, and stress was assessed with the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale. After examination of descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations, multiple regression analyses were done to determine whether mindfulness and self-compassion were associated with be...
Renal responses to intra-arterial administration of adrenomedullin in dogs

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the renal responses to intra-arterial infusion (12.5 pmol.kg-1.min-1) for 30 min of adrenomedullin (ADM) in denervated kidneys of anesthetized dogs (n = 8). Total renal blood flow (RBF) was measured with an electromagnetic flow probe, and two single-fiber laser-Doppler needle flow probes were used to measure relative changes in cortical (CBF) and medullary blood flow (MBF). ADM administration resulted in decreases in renal vascular resistance (32.3 +/- 4.9 to 22.3 +/- 3.0 mmHg.ml-1.min.g) and increases in RBF (4.5 +/- 0.5 to 6.0 +/- 0.6 ml.min-1.g-1), CBF (33 +/- 1.3%, n = 41, and MBF (32 +/- 5.7%, n = 5) without changes in glomerular filtration rate. There were also substantial increases in urine flow (11.3 +/- 1.9 to 28 +/- 4.8 microliters.min-1.g-1), as well as in sodium excretion (1.8 +/- 0.2 to 4.2 +/- 0.6 microliter.min-1.g-1). After cessation of ADM infusion, partial recovery of these responses was observed within a 30-min period. Responses to ADM were attenuated during inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by nitro-L-arginine (50 micrograms.kg-1.min-1). These findings indicate that renal vasodilator, diuretic, and natriuretic responses to ADM may be mediated by the release of endogenous NO and suggest that ADM could play a role in regulating water and electrolyte excretion by the kidney.
Removal of Fluid Contaminants by Surface Chemical Displacement

Water and oils can be removed from solid surfaces by displacing them with another fluid, the displacing action being driven by differences in surface tension. The displacing fluid must have a surface tension well below that of the contaminant, and have a high equilibrium spreading pressure. Moderate mutual solubility is necessary to aid penetration of the contaminant film and formation of a surface tension gradient. The volatility of the displacing fluid affects the rate of displacement and the respreading of the contaminant. For water displacement, butyl and amyl alcohols are most effective. Certain fluorinated compounds and low-molecular-weight silicones have been found particularly effective in the displacement of organic fluids. Additives capable of adsorbing on the surface to prevent the displaced contaminant from respreading are sometimes desirable to enhance the effectiveness of the process.
Rotations of Axes and the Group 0(3)

In this appendix we present a brief summary of ideas concerning rotations of axes and coordinate transformations necessary for applications to molecular symmetry. Conventions and notation used throughout our work are introduced.
Review of electrochromic window performance factors

The performance factors which will influence the market acceptance of electrochromic windows are reviewed. A set of data representing the optical properties of existing and foreseeable electrochromic window devices was generated. The issue of reflective versus absorbing electrochromics was explored. This data was used in the DOE 2.1 building energy model to calculate the expected energy savings compared to conventional glazings. The effects of several different control strategies were tested. Significant energy and peak electric demand benefits were obtained for some electrochromic types. Use of predictive control algorithms to optimize cooling control may result in greater energy savings. Initial economic results considering annual savings, cooling equipment cost savings, and electrochromic window costs are presented. Calculations of thermal and visual comfort shows additional benefits from electrochromics but more work is needed to quantify their importance. The design freedom and aesthetic possibilities of these dynamic glazings should provide additional market benefits, but their impact is difficult to assess at this time. Ultimately, a full assessment of the market viability of electrochromics must consider the impacts of all of these issues.
Budget-limited thermal biology: Design, construction and performance of a large, walk-in style temperature-controlled chamber

We describe a partial redesign of the conventional air-conditioning system and apply it to the construction of a relatively large (1.87m(3) air mass), walk-in style temperature-controlled chamber (TCC) using parts easily obtained in most countries. We conducted several tests to demonstrate the performance of the TCC. Across the physiologically relevant range of 5-37°C, the TCC took 26.5-50.0min to reach the desired set point temperature. Once at set point, temperature inside the chamber was controlled with an accuracy of ±1.0°C. User-entry effects on deviations from and return times to set point temperature were minimal. Overall, performance of the TCC was sufficient to make precise physiological measurements of insect metabolic rate while controlling assay temperature. Major advantages of the TCC include its simplicity, flexibility, and low cost.
Impact of Designed Experiments on Efficiency, Accuracy, and Hypothetical Test Costs Using a Light Aircraft Wing Model

Preliminary light aircraft design is often conducted using simulated models to provide guidance for potential candidates suitable for more advanced analysis. Herein we study a 10-variable light aircraft wing model using two different approaches: a parametric search and statistically-driven Design of Experiments (DoX). In an optimization study, the DoX approach yielded the same minimum wing weight, to within 1% accuracy, but required as few as 98% fewer test points than the exhaustive search. For the simulation study conducted, the DoX approach required only 5 of the 10 variables in the original model to achieve these results, indicating that 5 of the variables are not required. A hypothetical cost model is postulated by assuming that each of the design points requires a quantifiable time and cost to implement. In this manner, the impact of the more efficient DoX approach is cast in economic terms with a much more powerful message.
Immunophenotyping of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Sections: A Comparison with Genotypic Analysis

Several monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) are now available for immunophenotyping non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. To determine the reliability of these reagents in predicting the genotype, 44 cases of NHL were studied with the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase technique with the use of the following MoAbs: leukocyte common antigen (CD45), Mac 387, L26, 4KB5, MB1, MB2, LN2, UCHL1, MT1, and MT2. The lineage of the neoplastic cells was determined in all cases by gene rearrangement studies for immunoglobulin heavy chain and for the T-cell receptor β-chain. Genotypic results showed B-cell lineage in 33 cases (75%), Tcell lineage in 6 cases (14%), and mixed or undetermined lineage in 5 cases (11%). A concordance of lineage assignment by paraffin section immunophenotyping with gene rearrangement studies was observed in 37 of 39 (95%) lymphomas with an unequivocally defined genotype. MoAb L26 was the most sensitive in detecting B-cell genotype; MoAbs MT1 and UCHL1 were the most sensitive and specific, respectively, in detecting T-cell genotype. The authors conclude that lineage assignment of NHLs in paraffin sections is reflective of the corresponding genotype when an appropriate panel of MoAbs is used.
A New Discrete-time Sliding Mode Control Method Based on Restricted Variable Trending Law

A new chattering-free variable trending law for discrete-time sliding mode control is designed.On account of actual controller of inertial system where the velocity of output is limited,the function of varying speed of trending law is introduced.A novel idea is firstly presented that through designing the acceleration of trending law the expected trending law is constructed to make the controller s physical meaning distinct,and the design of controller more flexible and easier.As to the nominal system,the trending law can make the value of switch function reach zero in finite time without chattering.For uncertain system satisfying matching condition,this trending law can make the value of switch function monotonously reach a certain value,which is related with external disturbance and can be arbitrarily small by designing the parameter of controller.Key words Trending law,chattering-free,discrete-time,sliding mode control,restricted
Primary Equipment Condition Monitoring Technology for Intelligent Substation

Monitoring technique is selected according to the category of the monitored equipments,including transformer equipment,capacitive equipment,surge arrester,high voltage circuit breaker,etc.Then this paper introduces the requirements of the monitored information transmission,and analyzes the monitored results.
The Effects of Dwarfing Genes Rht1 and Rht2 on Cellular Dimensions and Rate of Leaf Elongation in Wheat

ABSTRAC T The gibberellin insensitivity genes, Rhtl and Rht2, reduced epidermal cell lengths in leaves of isogenic lines of field- and laboratory-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Rht dosages of zero (wild type), two (semi-dwarf) and four alleles (double dwarf) had a linear negative effect on cell length in flag leaves of fieldgrown plants, and in the sheaths and blades of leaf number 1 in laboratory grown plants. Decrease in cell length, rather than reduced cell number, accounted for most to all of the reduction in blade and sheath length. In sheaths, cell width increased with Rht dosage, but not sufficiently to compensate for' decreased length in determining average projected surface area. Rates of extension of leaf number 1 in laboratory-grown plants were negatively and linearly correlated with Rht dosage. Maximal growth rate was maintained longer in wild type than in double dwarf, but the total duration of measurable extension in leaf number 1 was not affected by Rht dosage.
Context-specific attentional sampling: Intentional control as a pre-requisite for contextual control

Recent work suggests that environmental cues associated with previous attentional control settings can rapidly and involuntarily adjust attentional priorities. The current study tests predictions from adaptive-learning and memory-based theories of contextual control about the role of intentions for setting attentional priorities. To extend the empirical boundaries of contextual control phenomena, and to determine whether theoretical principles of contextual control are generalizable we used a novel bi-dimensional stimulus sampling task. Subjects viewed briefly presented arrays of letters and colors presented above or below fixation, and identified specific stimuli according to a dimensional (letter or color) and positional cue. Location was predictive of the cued dimension, but not the position or identity. In contrast to previous findings, contextual control failed to develop through automatic, adaptive-learning processes. Instead, previous experience with intentionally changing attentional sampling priorities between different contexts was required for contextual control to develop.
Brain-EE: Brain Enjoyment Evaluation using Commercial EEG Headband

Previous studies that involve measuring EEG, or electroencephalograms, have mainly been experimentally-driven projects; for instance, EEG has long been used in research to help identify and elucidate our understanding of many neuroscientific, cognitive, and clinical issues (e.g., sleep, seizures, memory). However, advances in technology have made EEG more accessible to the population. This opens up lines for EEG to provide more information about brain activity in everyday life, rather than in a laboratory setting. To take advantage of the technological advances that have allowed for this, we introduce the Brain-EE system, a method for evaluating user engaged enjoyment that uses a commercially available EEG tool (Muse). During testing, fifteen participants engaged in two tasks (playing two different video games via tablet), and their EEG data were recorded. The Brain-EE system supported much of the previous literature on enjoyment; increases in frontal theta activity strongly and reliably predicted which game each individual participant preferred. We hope to develop the Brain-EE system further in order to contribute to a wide variety of applications (e.g., usability testing, clinical or experimental applications, evaluation methods, etc.).
Characterizing the orthodontic patient's purchase decision: A novel approach using netnography.

Introduction A deeper and more thorough characterization of why patients do or do not seek orthodontic treatment is needed for effective shared decision making about receiving treatment. Previous orthodontic qualitative research has identified important dimensions that influence treatment decisions, but our understanding of patients’ decisions and how they interpret benefits and barriers of treatment are lacking. The objectives of this study were to expand our current list of decision-making dimensions and to create a conceptual framework to describe the decision-making process. Methods Discussion boards, rich in orthodontic decision-making data, were identified and analyzed with qualitative methods. An iterative process of data collection, dimension identification, and dimension refinement were performed to saturation. A conceptual framework was created to describe the decision-making process. Results Fifty-four dimensions captured the ideas discussed in regard to a patient's decision to receive orthodontic treatment. Ten domains were identified: function, esthetics, psychosocial benefits, diagnosis, finances, inconveniences, risks of treatment, individual aspects, societal attitudes, and child-specific influences, each containing specific descriptive and conceptual dimensions. A person's desires, self-perceptions, and viewpoints, the public's views on esthetics and orthodontics, and parenting philosophies impacted perceptions of benefits and barriers associated with orthodontic treatment. Conclusions We identified an expanded list of dimensions, created a conceptual framework describing the orthodontic patient's decision-making process, and identified dimensions associated with yes and no decisions, giving doctors a better understanding of patient attitudes and expectations.
Constraint satisfaction for switched linear systems with restricted dwell-time

This paper considers the control of constrained linear systems with dynamics and constraints that change as a function of time according to an unknown exogenous switching signal that satisfies dwell-time restrictions. We characterize the set of initial conditions for which it is possible to guarantee constraint satisfaction for any admissible switching signal. We define the concept of control (positive) switch-invariant sets which are control (positive) invariant sets with the additional property that it is possible to transition between the control (positive) switch-invariant sets without violating constraints. It is possible to guarantee constraint satisfaction for a given initial condition if the control (positive) switch-invariant set of a mode can be reached from it within the dwell-time of that mode. An algorithm is presented for computing the maximal control (positive) switch-invariant sets. Finally, we demonstrate the theory developed in this paper on a vehicle lane changing case study.
Italian Civil Protection Volunteers: “Professional” Resilience and the Importance of Training

This chapter presents an online questionnaire for civil protection volunteers: its creation according to the dimensions explained by the semistructured interviews with civil protection experts, the pretest phase, its dissemination at a national level, and statistical analysis of the data collected. The online questionnaire was elaborated in three sections: the figure of civil protection volunteers, their motivations to become civil protection volunteers, and their organizations. A second section asked about the experience and various social relationships experienced by civil protection volunteers during three earthquakes in Italy, which are the fieldworks of this applied research. The third and final section inquired about the consideration and evaluation of the experience of voluntary service as experienced by the civil protection volunteers as well as their training needs in terms of disaster planning and management.
Challenges in coronagraph optical design

The point spread function (PSF) for astronomical telescopes and instruments depends not only on geometric aberrations and scalar wave diffraction, but also on the apodization and wavefront errors introduced by coatings on reflecting and transmitting surfaces within the optical system. Geometrical ray tracing provides incomplete image simulations for exoplanet coronagraphs with the goal of resolving planets with a brightness less than 10^-9 of their star located within 3 Airy disk radii. The Polaris-M polarization analysis program calculates uncorrected coating polarization aberrations couple around 10^-5 light into crossed polarized diffraction patterns about twice Airy disk size. These wavefronts not corrected by the deformable optics systems. Polarization aberrations expansions have shown how image defects scale with mirror coatings, fold mirror angles, and numerical aperture.
Perceptions of Cooperating Music Teachers on Service Motives, Relationships, and Mentoring Strategies During Student Teaching:

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the perceptions of four cooperating teachers concerning their role in the music student teaching experience. Participants included an elementary...
Embroidery and Beading Design for Fashion

This class will focus on designing for hand embroidery and adapting methods to machine embroidery and other surface techniques. The topics will include how to use certain embroidery techniques in designing, how to chart and communicate embroidery designs, and how to estimate costs among other subjects.
Optical Properties of Poly( p -Phenylene Vinylene)

The optical spectra of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) thin films have been measured at 298 K and 77 K. The absorption band of the conjugated polymer backbone 1s located at 3.09 eV and 1s split Into several components at 77 K. This absorption can most reasonably be described on the basis of vibrationally coupled exciton states. The evolution of the spectrum of the precursor polymer from monomer, dimer and oligomeric sequences is discussed.
Creation of Brachiobasilic Fistula: Basilic Vein Transposition

Brachiocephalic fistula using basilic vein transposition is performed to provide access for chronic hemodialysis when the cephalic vein is not available. This chapter describes indications, essential steps, variations, and complications of this procedure. It provides a detailed template operative note for the procedure.
Discrete Observability of Parabolic Initial Boundary Value Problems

The general problem involves the observabiLity and approximate reconstruction of initial data for parabolic initial boundary value problems from incomplete measurements of the solution at discrete sets of spatial and temporal values. Typically this type of problem is ill-posed in the sense of Hadamard, and as is well known, this difficulty is often reflected in the instabiLity of the inversion scheme. We consider a particular method for carrying out such an approximate inversion based on results estabLished in [3], [4]. This method, based on eigenfunction expansions, is presented for quite general paraboLic systems with selfadjoint spatial part but the general technique can easily be extended to discrete spectral operators with at most finitely many unstable eigenvalues assuming certain decay rates on the spectrum of the spatial operator. Part of our future effort will be directed toward the analysis of more general equations including hyperbolic problems and various problems involving dissipative spatial operators.
Surgical Outcomes of Paravaginal Repair After Robotic Sacrocolpopexy.

Abstract Study Objective To evaluate surgical outcomes of robotic sacrocolpopexy with and without paravaginal repair for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Design A retrospective cohort study with a 3-month postoperative follow-up (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). Setting An academic-affiliated community hospital with a practice comprised of 3 surgeons board certified in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery. Patients Patients undergoing robotic sacrocolpopexy for POP from April 2013 through November 2014. Interventions Robotic paravaginal repair (RPVR) after robotic sacrocolpopexy. The decision to perform a paravaginal repair was at the discretion of the surgeon. Measurements and Main Results One hundred fifty-six patients underwent a robotic sacrocolpopexy. Twenty-four patients were excluded because of a lack of a 3-month postoperative follow-up. Nine patients underwent concomitant vaginal paravaginal repair and were also excluded. Outcomes were defined by comparing preoperative characteristics with those at the 3-month follow-up. Of the 123 patients in this cohort, 21 patients underwent a concomitant RPVR, and 102 did not. All Pelvic Organ Prolapse Questionnaire (POP-Q) points improved within groups (p Conclusion In both groups, anatomic markers substantially improved within each group. There were significant differences in postoperative POP-Q findings, which may have been influenced by the fact that patients undergoing RPVR usually had worse baseline prolapse. This selection bias creates difficulty with interpretation. Although in this study RPVR did not change subjective outcomes, further study is necessary to control for the severity of prolapse.
Diuretics in Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a rapidly growing global pandemic. Despite advances in treatment, morbidity and mortality rates in the post-discharge period after an admission for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) remain unacceptably high. The mainstay of first line treatment is centered on diuretic therapy and fluid management. This chapter discusses the interactions between heart and kidney in HF, and focuses on the management of fluid overload. We discuss the mechanisms of diuretic resistance and its treatment. Recent trials performed on diuretic dosing and the comparisons of pharmacologic therapy to ultrafiltration are also reviewed.
The Multi-primary Advantage

The tradeoff between narrow and broad bandwidth emitters and filters permeates the discussion of multi-primary displays. The color saturation offered by narrow bandwidth emitters and filters provides an important display characteristic, permitting highly saturated colors to be rendered appropriately. However, broad bandwidth emitters and filters often provide higher energy efficiency, greater eye sensitivity, and a reduction in the likelihood of metameric failure. In RGB displays, the attributes enabled by narrow bandwidth emitters and filters are always in competition with the attributes enabled by broad bandwidth emitters and filters. In this chapter we illustrate how additional primaries, having either broad bandwidth or narrow bandwidth emission, eliminates this competition, opening the door to higher energy efficacy, reduced metameric failure, and the enablement of new display configurations. It is the removal of this competition which creates the multi-primary advantage.
Provision of and Barriers to Integrating Reproductive and Sexual Health Services for Reproductive-age Women in Opioid Treatment Programs.

OBJECTIVES To identify the level of provision of reproductive and sexual health (RSH) services to reproductive-age women enrolled in opioid treatment programs (OTPs) in 2017, and to understand provider-perceived barriers to integration of services. METHODS A web-based survey was sent to medical or program directors at all OTPs (n = 48) in North Carolina (NC). Data were collected regarding program characteristics, demographic information about female patient populations, provision of RSH services, and provider-perceived barriers to service integration into OTPs. Survey results were aggregated for descriptive analysis. RESULTS The survey response rate was 79%, representing 38 out of the 48 OTPs. Among OTPs, 95% serve pregnant and parenting women, 21% have female-specific programs, and together they serve a total of about 5000 women annually. Medical and program directors reported that approximately 53% of women have 1 or more children, and 6.5% are, at present, pregnant. Nearly 90% of programs provide pregnancy testing, but only about 50% provide contraception. Although more than half offer hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing, less than half offer human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing. Half of the programs provide education about STI prevention and safer sex practices. Most medical and program directors (84%) perceive female patients could benefit from RSH education and more than two-thirds (68%) perceive female patients need increased access to RSH services. Provider-perceived barriers to service integration include lack of facility equipment and supplies, trained staff, and childcare. CONCLUSIONS NC OTPs are a logical setting for integrating RSH services to meet the needs of reproductive-age women in treatment for OUD.
Cerebro: Novelty Detection in Product Reviews

The recent boom in e-commerce has created active electronic communities where consumers share their thoughts about the product and the company. These reviews play a very important part in building customer opinion about the said item. For a popular product or service, there might be thousands of reviews, making it difficult for the customer to make an informed decision about the product. In this paper, we present a way to surface only those reviews that contain information relevant to the user. To address this problem, we try to surface out the reviews that are outliers to the general cluster of reviews during a particular time period.We are leveraging anomaly detection algorithms to achieve this.
A Twist between ROS and Sperm-Mediated Intergenerational Epigenetic Inheritance

Yoshida et al. (2020) report in this issue of Molecular Cell that a paternal low-protein diet elevates ROS in the testicular germ cells, altering ATF7 activity and H3K9me2 abundance on target genes, including tRNA loci. These changes are maintained in spermatozoa, regulating tsRNA biogenesis, and together transmit intergenerational effects.
The current status of Chinese medical education system and the avenues of reform

This article focuses on the following sections : training of varied levels of medical professionals and joint creative and advanced levels of physician sciemists ; step-by-step building of the Chinese medical professional training system in order to provide efficient health care providers; build and strengthen the family medicine and primary care education system, expand the community health care service and form a stable medical care system which focuses on individuals; and strengthen and reorganize the educational systems for training better quality and suitable countryside and rural area health care providers. The purpose is that through analysis and discussion, we could explore different options as well as provide insightful and helpful tips for Chinese medical education and health care reform, which are currently being conducted in China. Key words: Medical education reform; Curriculum; Medical professional education; Family medicine; Rural health care; Primary care
Novel immunohistochemical markers in the differential diagnosis of endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinoma: The added benefit of CAIX and PAX8

In a biopsy specimen, adenocarcinomas of the endometrium and uterine cervix may demonstrate significant morphologic overlap. The distinction between these two entities prior to surgical resection is clinically significant as assigning the primary site dictates treatment and prognosis. This diagnostic dilemma is approached by the application of a panel of immunohistochemical stains, traditionally composed of CEA, vimentin, p16, ER, and PR. Most cases are successfully managed with this panel; however, in difficult cases additional tools are needed to suggest a more definitive diagnosis. In this study, we reviewed the efficacy of the customary panel of stains, as well as the added value of new stains in the diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma. Our cohort included biopsy samples of 90 patients (81 endometrial and 9 endocervical adenocarcinomas) with a subsequent hysterectomy for confirmation of diagnosis. This study validated the customary panel of stains and suggests additional markers to aid in the differential diagnosis (PAX8 and CAIX). The addition of PAX8 to the traditional panel increases PPV from 85.71% to 100%. A PPV of 100% may also be attained with fewer stains (five total), with the application of a proposed new panel, which includes PAX8, CAIX, CEA, p16 and ER. This is the first-time differential expression of CAIX has been suggested in the distinction between endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas.
The Collapse and Regeneration of Complex Societies

The subject of societal collapse is a theme that, due to its political, social, economic, and ecological implications, still generates heated discussions. Researchers interested in developing a general theory of collapse face the challenge of identifying common patterns across human societies. This task is further complicated because multiple publications on the subject employ a case-by-case methodology, within which the causes of collapse are thought to be specific to each society. Such historical particularism persists to this day. Historical contingency is preferred to generalizable explanation. In response, some researchers have instead concentrated on examining how a society’s internal dynamics predict the risk of collapse. For example, a society’s institutional performance, macroeconomic yields, and level of collective action have been thought predictive of its structural integrity under adverse circumstances. Through this lens, external factors may lead to a sudden loss of sociopolitical complexity only when the system’s capacity to address these conditions is compromised. Given variation in societies’ level of cohesion and collective action, the case of societal collapse offers a unique glimpse into multilevel selection operating among social systems. This chapter describes critical elements developed in the collapse literature while providing an overview of the current multilevel selection perspectives on fluctuations in collective action. The present chapter also describes how institutional robustness and cultural innovations contribute to a society’s regeneration capacity after experiencing a collapse.
HIPEC plus EPIC paclitaxel for maximal perioperative treatments of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Long-term results of a pilot study.

Abstract Background A unique time in which to effectively treat an intraabdominal malignancy is the time at which the surgeon attempts complete removal of the malignant process. Although surgery is effective for visible disease, micrometastases or multiple small cancer nodules are not amenable to resection. Alternative interventions to deal with residual disease disseminated on peritoneal surfaces are needed. Materials and methods Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can be combined with early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) in order to maximally treat gross disease within the abdomen and pelvis and also the minimal residual disease that exists in many patients after resection. The third component of this treatment for ovarian malignancy was EPIC paclitaxel in this study. The clinical features, pharmacologic assessments, and survival were determined in ovarian cancer patients in whom EPIC was added to the perioperative treatment plan. Results Patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer underwent CRS, HIPEC with cisplatin/doxorubicin, and EPIC paclitaxel. These treatments combined as a single intervention were studied in 10 patients. The median number of peritonectomy procedures was 1, the median number of visceral resections was 5, and the median time required in the operating room was 8 h. Two patients had a class 3 adverse event. The median survival of patients was 50 months. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the intraperitoneal paclitaxel showed 252 ± 153 times exposure of peritoneal surfaces as compared to intravenous exposure when the drug was instilled into the peritoneal space. Conclusions EPIC paclitaxel was successfully combined with CRS and HIPEC in 10 patients with ovarian cancer. The treatment was tolerated approximately the same as other major cytoreductive surgical procedures for ovarian cancer or other malignancies. Survival of these ovarian cancer patients seemed unusually prolonged as compared to other patients with stage 3b or recurrent disease. In this pilot study CRS, HIPEC and EPIC were safe and effective.
Analyzing Powers for Forward p+p->pi0+X at STAR

Preliminary results of the analyzing power for the production of forward, high-energy pi0 mesons from collisions of transversely polarized protons at sqrt(s)=200 GeV from STAR are presented. The kinematic ranges covered by the data are x_F=0.2-0.6 and p_T=1-3 GeV/c. The analyzing power at sqrt(s)=200 GeV is found to be comparable to that observed at sqrt(s)=20 GeV.
Renewal of nanofibers in Chlorella fusca microalgae cultivation to increase CO2 fixation.

Abstract This study explored strategies to increase the CO2 fixation ability of microalgae by renewing polymeric nanofibers in cultures of Chlorella fusca LEB 111. Nanofibers composed of 10% (w v−1) polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/dimethylformamide (DMF) containing 4% (w v−1) iron oxide nanoparticles (NPsFe2O3) were added to photobioreactors. The nanomaterial was renewed in the test cultures as follows: renewal only on day 7; renewal only on day 15; or renewal on both days 7 and 15 (i.e., double renewal). The highest biomass concentration (2.53 g L−1) and CO2 biofixation rate (141.5 mg L−1 d−1) were obtained by cultivating with double renewal, resulting in values 21.6% and 23% higher, respectively, than those obtained by cultivation without renewal. The application of nanofiber renewal in the cultivation of C. fusca LEB 111 shows the potential to increase CO2 biofixation, which may contribute to reducing the atmospheric concentrations of this main greenhouse gas intensifier.
Perfectly Tired: Perfectionism and Sleep in Adolescents With Chronic Pain

Objective Conceptual links between perfectionism and chronic pain have been proposed yet minimal empirical data exists. Poor sleep is associated with high levels of perfectionism and is common among youth with chronic pain. This study explores associations between perfectionism and sleep quality in adolescents with chronic pain while considering levels of functional disability. Methods Adolescents (ages 12-18) with chronic pain (N = 423) completed baseline measures of self-oriented perfectionism (SOP), socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP), sleep quality, and functional disability as part of routine clinical care at an outpatient chronic pain clinic and a pain rehabilitation day treatment program. Multivariate multiple regression assessed associations between perfectionism (SOP and SPP) and sleep (falling asleep/reinitiating sleep, returning to wakefulness, and going to bed). Two moderation models explored how relations between perfectionism (SOP and SPP) and sleep quality (total score) varied depending on level of functional disability. All analyses controlled for clinic setting. Results Results indicated SPP was associated with more difficulties across all sleep subdomains in adolescents with chronic pain, while SOP was unrelated to sleep quality. Associations between perfectionism and sleep quality were dependent on functional disability; perfectionism was most strongly associated with worse sleep quality for adolescents with less functional disability. Conclusions This study highlights the relationship between perfectionism and sleep quality in adolescents with chronic pain and suggests that perfectionistic youth with less disability are at the greatest risk for sleep problems. Longitudinal research is needed to understand how perfectionism, sleep, and disability interact over time in youth with chronic pain.
Abstract IA014: POLE mutations in endometrial cancer: Consequences and mechanisms

Mutations in the POLE gene encoding DNA polymerase e (Pol e) drive the development of ultramutated endometrial tumors. We aim to understand the mechanisms through which POLE defects cause ultramutation and establish approaches to identify functionally significant variants. Because POLE mutations preferentially affect conserved amino acid residues in the exonuclease domain of Pol e, a concept has initially formed that defective proofreading of replication errors triggers ultramutation. However, genetic and biochemical studies of the most common POLE variants suggested that their pathogenicity is determined by functional alterations other than loss of proofreading. When modeled in yeast, most of the exonuclease domain changes seen in tumors produce mutator effects far exceeding the effect of Pole exonuclease deficiency. The magnitude of the mutator effect is allele-specific and does not correlate with the severity of the exonuclease defect. A yeast mimic of the most common variant, P286R, shows greatly increased DNA polymerase activity, in addition to the exonuclease defect, which likely underlies the high mutagenicity. We discuss the implications of POLE status for tumor progression and the design of therapeutic strategies. We also discuss current approaches to assess the functional significance of the multitude of reported POLE mutations and present the most up-to-date list of experimentally confirmed significant variants. Citation Format: Polina V. Shcherbakova. POLE mutations in endometrial cancer: Consequences and mechanisms [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference: Endometrial Cancer: New Biology Driving Research and Treatment; 2020 Nov 9-10. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(3_Suppl):Abstract nr IA014.
MGait: Model-Based Gait Analysis Using Wearable Bend and Inertial Sensors

Movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, affect more than 10 million people worldwide. Gait analysis is a critical step in the diagnosis and rehabilitation of these disorders. Specifically, step length provides valuable insights into the gait quality and rehabilitation process. However, traditional approaches for estimating step length are not suitable for continuous daily monitoring since they rely on special mats and clinical environments. To address this limitation, we present a novel and practical step-length estimation technique using low-power wearable bend and inertial sensors. Experimental results show that the proposed model estimates step length with 5.49% mean absolute percentage error and provides accurate real-time feedback to the user.
Diversity and N2O Production Potential of Fungi in an Oceanic Oxygen Minimum Zone.

Fungi in terrestrial environments are known to play a key role in carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry and exhibit high diversity. In contrast, the diversity and function of fungi in the ocean has remained underexplored and largely neglected. In the eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone, we examined the fungal diversity by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) and mining a metagenome dataset collected from the same region. Additionally, we coupled 15N-tracer experiments with a selective inhibition method to determine the potential contribution of marine fungi to nitrous oxide (N2O) production. Fungal communities evaluated by ITS2 sequencing were dominated by the phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota at most depths. However, the metagenome dataset showed that about one third of the fungal community belong to early-diverging phyla. Fungal N2O production rates peaked at the oxic–anoxic interface of the water column, and when integrated from the oxycline to the top of the anoxic depths, fungi accounted for 18–22% of total N2O production. Our findings highlight the limitation of ITS-based methods typically used to investigate terrestrial fungal diversity and indicate that fungi may play an active role in marine nitrogen cycling.
How (Over) Conﬁdent Are Financial Analysts

Extensive research has been devoted to the quality of analysts’ earnings forecasts. The common ﬁnding is that analysts’ forecasts are not very accurate. Prior studies have tended to focus on the mean of forecasts and measure accuracy using various summaries of forecast errors. The present study sheds new light on the accuracy of analysts’ forecasts, by measuring how well calibrated these forecasts are. The authors follow the tradition of calibration studies in psychological literature and measure the degree of calibration by the hit rate. They analyze a year’s worth of data from the Institutional Brokers Estimate System database, which includes over 200,000 annual earnings forecasts made by over 6,000 analysts for over 5,000 companies. By using different ways to convert analysts’ point estimates of earnings into a range of values, the authors establish the bounds that are necessary to determine the hit rates, and examine to what extent the actual earnings announced by the companies are bracketed by these intervals. These hit rates provide a more complete picture of the accuracy of the forecasts.
Critical social class and leadership practices

This chapter provides a brief overview of critical perspectives on social class and leadership and describes a culturally sustaining and class-conscious leadership approach. Case scenarios illustrate using the approach for reflective practice.
Using critical media literacy and youth-led research to promote the sociopolitical development of Black youth: Strategies from “Our Voices”

This paper examines the utility of youth participatory action research (YPAR) and critical media literacy as strategies to promote the sociopolitical development (SPD) of Black youth. We use the ca...
Putting Policy Into Practice: Impact of the Every Student Succeeds Act on Speech-Language Pathologists and Students With Disabilities.

Purpose Public policies can influence how speech-language pathologists (SLPs) provide services to students with disabilities. Specifically, this article is intended to provide background informatio...
Continuous Identification of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Patients Using Artificial Neural Networks and Instrumented Shoes

Freezing of gait is an episodic phenomena faced by many patients with Parkinson’s disease. It is characterized by episodes during which patients are unable to generate effective forward stepping movements, despite absence of motor deficits. During the onset of the event, the patients are less stable with statistically different stride width, toe in/out angle and center of pressure distance. It has been postulated that the degree of freezing can be reduced by providing external sensory feedback to the patients during the event. However, this intervention could be facilitated by accurate identification of freezing events in real-time. This manuscript presents an Artificial Neural Network model which uses signals recorded by an instrumented footwear to predict if a walking subject is having a freezing episode. Our model presented in this paper is capable of continuously predicting freezing of gait events at a high temporal resolution of 50 Hz, using a 0.5 second window of data recorded by the instrumented shoes, with a sensitivity of 96.0±2.5%, a specificity of 99.6±0.3%, a precision of 89.5±5.9%, and an accuracy of 99.5±0.4%. This algorithm was tested with data collected from 10 patients with Parkinson’s disease with frequent freezing of gait episodes.