cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Metal-Via Resistance Based Physically Unclonable Function With Backend Incremental ADC

This paper presents a novel physically unclonable function (PUF) for security authentication. Instead of using the variation of transistors or PDK provided passive components as entropy source, the parasitic resistance created between metal and via layers is used as the static entropy source. A symmetric bridge configuration consisted with the parasitic resistance creates the necessary voltage difference for comparison. An accurate backend incremental analog-to-digital converter (IADC) is implemented to convert the voltage difference into a digitized value. The operation of the IADC allows to achieve a good native instability. Two different types of layout structures are implemented to create the necessary parasitic resistance and compared. Fabricated in a 65nm process, the prototype PUF achieves a native instability and bit error rate of less than 1.45% and 0.12% with 5000 repeated evaluations. The proposed design shows 0.58%/0.1V and 0.53%/10°C bit error across the voltage and temperature range of 0.9 to 1.4V and 0°C to 85°C, respectively without any stabilization techniques. The distance ratio between intra-die and inter-die Hamming Distance is above $305\times $ .
The fitness consequences of aneuploidy are driven by condition-dependent gene effects.

Aneuploidy is a hallmark of tumor cells, and yet the precise relationship between aneuploidy and a cell’s proliferative ability, or cellular fitness, has remained elusive. In this study, we have combined a detailed analysis of aneuploid clones isolated from laboratory-evolved populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a systematic, genome-wide screen for the fitness effects of telomeric amplifications to address the relationship between aneuploidy and cellular fitness. We found that aneuploid clones rise to high population frequencies in nutrient-limited evolution experiments and show increased fitness relative to wild type. Direct competition experiments confirmed that three out of four aneuploid events isolated from evolved populations were themselves sufficient to improve fitness. To expand the scope beyond this small number of exemplars, we created a genome-wide collection of >1,800 diploid yeast strains, each containing a different telomeric amplicon (Tamp), ranging in size from 0.4 to 1,000 kb. Using pooled competition experiments in nutrient-limited chemostats followed by high-throughput sequencing of strain-identifying barcodes, we determined the fitness effects of these >1,800 Tamps under three different conditions. Our data revealed that the fitness landscape explored by telomeric amplifications is much broader than that explored by single-gene amplifications. As also observed in the evolved clones, we found the fitness effects of most Tamps to be condition specific, with a minority showing common effects in all three conditions. By integrating our data with previous work that examined the fitness effects of single-gene amplifications genome-wide, we found that a small number of genes within each Tamp are centrally responsible for each Tamp’s fitness effects. Our genome-wide Tamp screen confirmed that telomeric amplifications identified in laboratory-evolved populations generally increased fitness. Our results show that Tamps are mutations that produce large, typically condition-dependent changes in fitness that are important drivers of increased fitness in asexually evolving populations.
Transport of penetrants in the macromolecular structure of coals: VIII. Transport mechanism as a function of temperature

Abstract Pyridine transport in 600–850-μm coal microparticles, pre-extracted with pyridine and redried, was studied as a function of time and temperature from 35 to 300 ° C. Simultaneous thermogravimetric studies were run to determine the net weight loss due to thermal degradation. The true pyridine uptake in coals at high temperatures was thus established.
High affinity divalent cation exchange on actin. Association rate measurements support the simple competitive model.

Abstract Each actin molecule has one high affinity site which binds a divalent cation. It has been proposed that an isomerization of the actin molecule is involved in divalent cation exchange at this site ("isomerization model," Frieden, C. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 2882-2886); we have maintained that exchange is by a simple competitive mechanism (Estes, J. E., Selden, L. A., and Gershman, L. C. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 4952-4957). Here, using fluorescent-labeled actin, we measure the apparent rate constant for exchange (kapp) as a function of the ratio of free Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations, ([Ca]/[Mg]), and show that both models are consistent with the data. The major parameter controlling this relationship in the simple competitive exchange model, the ratio of the association rate constants for Ca2+ and Mg2+ to actin (kCa/kMg), is found to have a value of about 90. We have verified this parameter by direct measurements of kCa and kMg, finding that kCa = 1.9 x 10(7) M-1 s-1 and kMg = 2.3 x 10(5) M-1 s-1, consistent with the characteristics of the Ca2+ and Mg2+ aquo ions. The corresponding parameter derived from the isomerization model is not verifiable. We conclude that high affinity divalent cation exchange on actin proceeds by a simple competitive mechanism.
Modeling of an analog fiber-optic link with an injection-locked semiconductor laser

Summary form only given. Subcarrier-modulated (SCM) fiber-optic systems have applications in cable television distribution, and phased array antenna systems. The transmission capacity of the SCM system employing direct laser modulation is generally limited by the bandwidth of the semiconductor laser. Recently, several groups have proposed the use of strong injection-locking technique to enhance the modulation bandwidth. In this report, we present, to our knowledge, the first theoretical investigation of an analog optical fiber link using a directly-modulated semiconductor laser under strong injection-locking. The analysis is based on rate equations, which include phase and amplitude noises in both master and slave lasers.
Neural regulation of the reproductive function in the Rhesus monkey

Este artigo refere-se as diversas ansas de retro-controle implicadas na regulacao da reproducao dos primatas. Sao descritos OS diversos metodos experimentais, morfologicos, endocrinos e cirurgicos, utilizados na identificacao dos varios mecanismos mencionados. Os estrogeneos ovaricos constituem a principal substância reguladora da secrecao de gonadotropinas por parte da hipofise, quer por accao directa quer atraves da secrecao hipotalâmica de LRH. A possivel existencia de uma ansa curta de retro-controle envolvendo o hipotalamo e a hipofise e tambem referida,
Antibody synthesis specific for nonoral antigens in inflamed gingiva.

Abstract In vitro experimentation indicates that periodontitis-associated bacteria contain potent polyclonal B-cell activators (PBA). We reasoned that if PBA were operative in vivo, plasma cells specific for nonoral antigens should be present in the inflamed gingival tissues, which are characterized by a plasma cell infiltrate. To test this, rabbits with experimental periodontitis were immunized in the hind legs with the histochemically detectable antigen horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or glucose oxidase (GO). At various times after secondary immunization, inflamed gingival tissue was removed, sectioned, and treated histochemically to reveal plasma cells that specifically bound HRP or GO. Remarkably, by 9 days after secondary immunization, hundreds of HRP- or GO-binding plasma cells were found in the inflamed gingival tissue of immunized rabbits. The presence of these plasma cells, observed 7 to 10 days after booster immunization, was further substantiated by the presence of large amounts of locally produced HRP- or GO-specific antibody in gingival crevicular fluid. By 1 month after secondary immunization, the number of antigen-binding plasma cells had decreased dramatically, but a small number of antigen-specific plasma cells were detected for as long as 9 months after secondary immunization. The large number of HRP- or GO-specific plasma cells observed 9 days after immunization led us to see whether recently stimulated cells were more susceptible to PBA. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were obtained at different times after booster immunization and cultured in the presence or absence of a PBA from Fusobacterium nucleatum. At 7 days after immunization, PBL spontaneously differentiated into antibody-forming cells in culture, and this process was enhanced by PBA. In contrast, PBL taken months after immunization produced little antibody in culture, and enhancement by PBA was difficult to detect. Compared with resting B cells, the recently stimulated B cells clearly differentiated more readily into antibody-forming cells. In conclusion, antibody synthesis specific for nonoral antigens did occur in inflamed gingival tissue, and a number of mechanisms, including PBA, probably contributed to this phenomenon.
Economics and Markets

Economic matters are often entangled with interventions. Aid agencies need to understand where they can have the highest leverage, and where aid may cause harmful economic distortions. Humanitarian interventions in crises will be more effective if the economic and social root causes of the crisis are addressed as well. The root causes of insurgencies often include economic issues, particularly economic discrimination. Planners for military operations in a country need to know the economic side effects of military activities, including the effects of withdrawal. Government agencies trying to bring developed-nation investors into a developing country must understand, along with the potential investors, what the economic prospects of the economy are, and how safe an investment is (or is not). Economic modeling and analysis can assist in each of these cases.
New insights into the pathophysiology and therapy of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Significant advances have been made in the last decade toward a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis and the development of novel therapies that target specific subsets of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Risk-adapted strategies are transforming the disease treatment and prognosis. With current treatment regimens, long-term survival is achieved by approximately 50% of patients with B-cell ALL, 50% to 60% of patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL, and approximately 80% of patients with Burkitt's leukemia. Genomic profiling in ALL has identified new prognostic markers, new therapeutic targets, and novel ALL subtypes. These may be amenable to future targeted therapies that can further improve outcomes. The early recognition of early precursor T-cell ALL, a distinct pathobiological entity with a poor prognosis, is essential for the development of an effective clinical management strategy. The role of monoclonal antibodies and cytotoxic T-cell therapies continues to be defined. Many of the approaches are currently being evaluated for ALL salvage. Their incorporation into frontline adult ALL therapy, in concomitant or sequential strategies, may increase the cure rates to levels achieved in pediatric ALL and may reduce the need for prolonged intensive and maintenance chemotherapy.
Different Solution of Robotic Cells for Metal Sheets Beveling

Preparation of the elements has an deciding influence on quality of the welded joints. In case of welding thick metal sheets, one of crucial technological processes is beveling details’ edges. Traditionally, it has been performed manually. This solution creates considerably tough work condi-tions. It is a very laborious process, performed in uncomfortable position, during which the worker is exposed to inhaling dangerous vapors, burns and noise. In addition, manual beveling is labor-consuming and its effects are often not satisfactory in terms of quality. Robotization of this techno-logical process eliminates all disadvantages mentioned above. Robotized technology ensures high and stable quality of performed cuts. Robotized stations offer far better efficiency. Moreover, stand-ing in greater distance from the process itself, the worker is practically protected from substantial amount of dangers. The paper presents organizational and technical aspects of the robotized metal sheets beveling, with use of different cutting technologies.
Dielectrophoretic forces and potentials induced on pairs of cells in an electric field

A combined numerical/experimental study is reported of the membrane potentials and dielectrophoretically induced forces between cells, membrane pressures, and velocity of attraction of cells under the influence of an electric field. This study was designed to explore electrical and mechanical effects produced by a field on cells in close proximity or undergoing electrically induced fusion. Laplace's equation for pairs of membrane-covered spheres in close proximity was solved numerically by the boundary element method, and the electrically induced forces on the cells and between cells were obtained by evaluating the Maxwell stress tensor. The velocity of approach of erythrocyte ghosts or fused ghosts in a 60-Hz field of 6 V/mm was measured experimentally, and the data were interpreted by using Batchelor's theory for hydrodynamic interaction of hard spheres. The numerical results show clearly the origin of the dielectrophoretic pressures and forces in fused and unfused cells and the effects of a nearby cell on the induced membrane potentials. The experimental results agree well with predictions based on the simple electrical model of the cell. The analysis shows the strong effect of hydrodynamic interactions between the cells in determining their velocity of approach.
Artbotics with lego mindstorms (abstract only)

This workshop introduces participants to the Artbotics program, which combines art and robotics to teach students about computer science while creating kinetic, interactive sculptures. The material covered will be provided in introductory fashion, requiring no prior experience with computer science, art, or robotics. The Lego Mindstorms NXT platform will be used to create two projects during the workshop: a spirograph-like drawing produced by programming a car holding a marker to drive using a sequence of motor movements (teaching the need for looping in programming) and an interactive, kinetic sculpture that reacts to sensor input (teaching the need for decisions in programming and building simple mechanisms). Examples of both projects can be seen at youtube.com/artbotics. The workshop will end with a short discussion of lessons learned and best practices, using examples from previous Artbotics programs for a variety of ages. Topics will include appropriate time frames, how to best use limited resources, and appropriate levels of depth for each age group. The workshop administrators will be providing laptops with the proper Lego Mindstorms NXT software, Lego Mindstorms NXT kits, and all needed building materials.
Targeting pain-suppressed behaviors in preclinical assays of pain and analgesia: effects of morphine on acetic acid-suppressed feeding in C57BL/6J mice.

Pain increases the rate, frequency, or intensity of some behaviors (eg, withdrawal responses) and suppresses other behaviors (eg, feeding). Our laboratories are developing assays to test analgesic drug candidates using measurements of pain-suppressed rather than pain-elicited behaviors. Such assays may model important aspects of clinical pain and provide a means for distinguishing true analgesics from drugs that produce motor impairment. The present study com- pared effects of the mu opioid analgesic morphine and the nonanalgesic neuroleptic haloperidol on intraperitoneal acetic acid-induced writhing (a pain-elicited behavior) and suppression of feeding behavior (a pain-suppressed behavior). In feeding studies, C57BL/6J mice were given access to a dish containing 8 mL Ensure ™ liquid food (0-100% in water) during daily sessions (7.5-120 min). Levels of consumption were dependent on both Ensure concentration and session duration. Intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid (0.10-0.56%) produced a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in Ensure consumption. Morphine (1 mg/kg) prevented both acid-induced writhing and acid-induced suppression of feeding, whereas the dopamine antagonist haloperidol inhibited writhing without preventing acid-induced suppression of feeding. The effects of morphine were time-dependent, selective for acid-suppressed feeding, and naltrexone-reversible. These results suggest that assays of pain-suppressed behaviors may complement assays of pain-elicited behaviors in preclinical studies of candidate analgesics. Perspective: This paper presents a new preclinical strategy for assessing pain and analgesia in mice that is congruent with current methods of pain assessment in the clinic. This strategy may therefore be a useful complement to more traditional procedures for assessing pain and analgesia.
Modeling service life of pleated filters exposed to poly-dispersed aerosols

Abstract In this work, we present a fast and flexible 3-D macroscale simulation method for modeling the instantaneous pressure drop and collection efficiency of pleated fibrous filters when exposed to poly-dispersed aerosols in both surface and depth filtration regimes. The simulations are conducted using the Fluent CFD code enhanced with a series of in-house subroutines. A cluster-injection method is developed to accelerate the formation and growth of dust-cake both inside and outside the filter media. Once calibrated with experiment or more accurate microscale simulations, the cluster-injection method can be used to simulate the service life of a pleated filter with reasonable accuracy and CPU time. The simulation methodology developed in this work can be used to design and develop pleated filters for different applications. In particular, it allows one to study the effects of pleat shape, pleat count, filter porosity, fiber diameter(s), flow velocity, aerosol concentration, and particle diameter, as well as the aerodynamic parameters of the flow on the evolution of a filter's pressure drop and collection efficiency over time. For demonstration purposes, performance of an arbitrary filter with 2 and 4 pleats per inch is simulated when challenged with poly-dispersed particles of 1 to 10 μm in diameter. For the filter simulated here, it was found that exposure to the above poly-dispersed aerosols results in a shorter service life in comparison to when the filter is exposure to mono-dispersed aerosols with a diameter of 1 or 10 μm having the same mass flux.
Effects of pressure on biomass pyrolysis. II. Heats of reaction of cellulose pyrolysis

Abstract A Setaram DSC in conjunction with stainless steel pressure vessels was used to investigate the effects of pressure and purge gas flow rate (gas phase residence time) on the heat demands of cellulose pyrolysis. High pressure and low flow rate reduce the heat of pyrolysis and increase char formation. Experiments were conducted to investigate the pyrolysis reactions of anhydrocellulose and levoglucosan, the two major intermediate products in cellulose pyrolysis. Separate models for the degradation of each intermediate were postulated and combined to form a detailed mechanistic model for cellulose pyrolysis. The model explains all the observed effects of pressure and flow rate.
Regression of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations after transcatheter reconnection of the pulmonary arteries in patients with unidirectional Fontan.

Objective. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) develop in patients with a lung deprived of hepatic blood flow. Unidirectional Fontan patients have superior vena cava (SVC) blood directed to the left or right pulmonary artery (PA), and inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic blood baffled to the contra-lateral PA. Cyanosis often develops due to PAVM in the lung deprived of hepatic blood. We report experiences with transcatheter PA reconnection in patients with unidirectional Fontan and PAVM. Design. Patients with unidirectional Fontan, cyanosis, and PAVM underwent transcatheter PA reconnection. Following simultaneous injection of contrast into PAs, a transseptal needle was used to puncture from one PA to the other. A balloon-mounted, uncovered stent was positioned bridging the pulmonary arteries. The procedure provided a nonrestrictive, permanent communication between the PAs. Results were retrospectively reviewed. Catheterization data and oxygen saturations before and after procedure were analyzed. Results. Six patients with a median age of 14 years (range 13–35 years) were identified. All patients had functional single ventricle with unidirectional Fontan and PAVM in the lung supplied solely by SVC flow. The reconnection procedure was performed successfully without complications in all cases. The median follow-up time for all 6 patients was 12.8 months (range 5.8–19.3 months). Median oxygen saturation was 0.86 (range 0.81–0.92) prior to the procedure, and 0.95 (range 0.92–0.98) on follow-up, with a median increase of 9% (range 8–11%). Conclusion. Patients with unidirectional Fontan and PAVM demonstrate increased oxygen saturations following reconnection of PAs, suggesting regression of PAVM. This procedure can be performed safely using uncovered stents, and it is effective in improving systemic oxygen saturations.
Fluorescence and electron microscopic study of the tree shrew pineal organ.

The fine structure of the pineal gland and the pineal innervation in the tree shrew were studied by electron microscopy and glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence microscopy respectively. The parenchymal cells consist of pinealocytes, glial cells and pigment-containing cells. The pinealocytes are characterized by the presence of granular vesicles, synaptic ribbons, electron-dense bodies and small profiles of rER with dilated cisternae. Glial cells contain light cytoplasmic bodies, lipofuscin granules, bundles of microfilaments, and elongate profiles of rER with flattened cisternae which are often stacked together with light cytoplasmic bodies; the pigment-containing cells are unique in possessing giant pigment granules in the cytoplasm. The pinealocyte/glial cell/pigment cell in tree shrew pineals may be the same cell line of parenchymal cells at different ontogenetic stages. Pigment-containing cells contain pigment granules as a prominent cytoplasmic inclusion, suggesting they are senscent in secretory function. Both pinealocytes and glial cells contain structures suggesting secretory function such as welldeveloped Golgi complex and granular vesicles. The antigonadotrophic substances may be stored in granular vesicles. The present ultrastructural study supports the conclusion that tree shrew pineal organ is an endocrine gland which is heavily innervated by adrenergic nerves and possibly by cholinergic nerves.
Use of mammal manure by nesting burrowing owls: a test of four functional hypotheses

Animals have evolved an impressive array of behavioural traits to avoid depredation. Olfactory camouflage of conspicuous odours is a strategy to avoid depredation that has been implicated only in a few species of birds. Burrowing owls, Athene cunicularia, routinely collect dried manure from mammals and scatter it in their nest chamber, in the tunnel leading to their nest and at the entrance to their nesting burrow. This unusual behaviour was thought to reduce nest depredation by concealing the scent of adults and juveniles, but a recent study suggests that manure functions to attract arthropod prey. However, burrowing owls routinely scatter other materials in the same way that they scatter manure, and this fact seems to be at odds with both of these hypotheses. Thus, we examined the function of this behaviour by testing four alternative hypotheses. We found no support for the widely cited olfactory-camouflage hypothesis (manure did not lower the probability of depredation), or for the mate-attraction hypothesis (males collected manure after, not before, pair formation). Predictions of the burrow-occupied hypothesis (manure indicates occupancy to conspecifics and thereby reduces agonistic interactions) were supported, but results were not statistically significant. Our results also supported several predictions of the prey-attraction hypothesis. Pitfall traps at sampling sites with manure collected more arthropod biomass (of taxa common in the diet of burrowing owls) than pitfall traps at sampling sites without manure. Scattering behaviour of burrowing owls appears to function to attract arthropod prey, but may also signal occupancy of a burrow to conspecifics.
Addendum to ''Theory of angular distribution and spin polarization of photoelectrons''

More convenient formulas are given for the angular distribution and spin polarization of photoelectrons including all multipole transitions.
Sor Juana's Divine Narcissus: A New World Rhetoric of Listening

While traditional rhetoric missed opportunities for potent change in the New World, alternative rhetorical theory nonetheless existed. This essay argues that a play by renowned nun Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz is a source of protofeminist, New World rhetoric, prompted by multicultural seventeenth-century New Spain. Immensely respected by the dominant powers of Church and state, Sor Juana was also attuned to issues of nondominance because she was criolla and female. Her religiously orthodox Divine Narcissus is simultaneously a rhetoric of listening that rewrites classical rhetoric's focus on speaking within a community to attend to people at odds with one another. It highlights the need for Spaniards, criollas, and Mesoamericans to go beyond talking at one another, and instead listen with care. The Divine Narcissus is an important text in rhetorical theory, concerned with dominant and nondominant rhetors and audiences in early Mexican society.
Hot carrier effects on CMOS phase-locked loop frequency synthesizers

Two CMOS phase-locked loop chips are designed and fabricated in 0.5 µm n-well CMOS process using single-ended voltage-controlled oscillator and differential voltage-controlled oscillator circuits. Hot carrier effects, jitter and phase noise performances are investigated and analyzed. On-chip measured experimental results show that for the phaselocked loop with the single-ended voltage-controlled oscillator working at 500 MHz carrier frequency, phase noise is −76 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset frequency and −119 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency. For the phase-locked loop with differential voltage-controlled oscillator working at 500 MHz, phase noise reaches −82 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset frequency and −122 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency. Tuning frequencies of the two phase-locked loops decrease about 100–200 MHz when subjected to four hours of hot carrier stress. The single-ended VCO gain decreases from 260 MHz to 70 MHz due to hot carrier stress. For the phase-locked loop with the differential voltage-controlled oscillator, a 50 ps RMS jitter increase is observed under hot carrier stress.
Analysis of errors in dimensional inspection based on active vision

Spatial quantization error and displacement error are inherent in automated visual inspection. This kind of error introduces significant distortion and dimensional uncertainty in the inspection of a part. For example, centroid, area, perimeter, length, and orientation of parts are inspected by the vision inspection system. This paper discusses the effect of the spatial quantization error and the displacement error on the precision dimensional measurement of an edge segment of a 3D model. Probabilistic analysis in terms of the resolution of the image is developed for one dimensional and two dimensional quantization error. The mean and variance of these errors are derived. The position and orientation errors (displacement error) of the active vision sensor are assumed to be normally distributed. The probabilistic analysis utilizes these errors and the angle of the line projected on the image. Using this analysis, one can determine whether a given set of sensor setting parameters in an active system is suitable to obtain a desired accuracy for specific line segment dimensional measurements. In addition, based on this approach, one can determine sensor positions and viewing direction which meet the necessary range for tolerance and accuracy of inspection. These mechanisms are helpful for achieving effective, economic, and accurate active inspection.
System Evaluation or Reliability in Economic Perspective

The primary interest of a system user is the annual net Benefit he obtains from the complete man-machine system. This Benefit is the annual Worth of his use of the system, minus the annual Cost of having and using the system. System and engineering design effort must be allocated according to potential Benefit development or improvement. This is so obvious that it is often dismissed as ``done intuitively.'' But for complex systems intuition can be far from adequate. Anything less than analytical design for best Benefit leaves the producer wide open to competitive design that provides far better Benefit. Management allocation of funds, whether to projects or functional groups, must be identically guided. Management support on any other basis inhibits profit, growth, and even survival. Reliability improvement effort therefore must compete with other kinds of design improvement, according to potential user Benefit. Pure ``reliability improvement'' is not much of a justification to Management. But predictable user Benefit in annual savings, resulting from reliability improvement, cannot be ignored. If such Benefit can compete with that from other investments, it will have full Management support.
African horsesickness: Pathogenesis and immunity

African horsesickness (AHS) is a serious, non-contagious disease of horses and other solipeds caused by an arthropod-borne orbivirus of the family Reoviridae. In horses, AHS causes three distinct clinicopathologic syndromes, the pulmonary, cardiac and fever forms of the disease. Recent work has shown that the primary determinant of the form of disease expressed by naive horses is the virulence of the virus inoculum. Horses which recover from AHS exhibit solid humoral immunity against homologous challenge. Protective antibodies appear to be directed towards neutralizing epitopes on AHS virus VP2. The relationship of neutralization to protection and vaccination is discussed.
Fatal warm Autoimmune hemolytic anemia resulting from IgM autoagglutinins in an infant with severe combined immunodeficiency

Summary:Autoimmune diseases are rare in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). The authors describe an 11-month-old infant girl with SCID with fatal warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) resulting from IgM autoagglutinins. Serologic evaluation revealed IgM autoantibodies that cause
Differences in Burning Behavior of Live and Dead Leaves, Part 1: Measurements

Burning behaviors of individual live and dead leaves were measured in a well-instrumented, well-controlled flat-flame burner. Manzanita (Arctostaphylos glandulosa) branches were harvested from the Chaparral near Riverside, California. Leaves were conditioned to several moisture contents. Two “live” (i.e., not fully dried) groups remained above the fiber saturation point at 34% moisture content (MC; dry basis) and 63% MC. Two “dead” groups were dried to about 4% MC, and one was rehydrated back up to 26% MC. Distinct plateaus in surface temperatures at 175°C were observed while burning live leaves, but dead leaves showed weaker plateaus, if any. Evidence of high internal leaf pressures during burning of live leaves was seen in flame patterns. Moisture was retained in live and dead leaves with local surface temperatures in the 160°C to 220°C range. This article describes the measured results, while a second article describes mass release modeling for the same data set.
Anesthetic management for the high-risk ophthalmic patient.

Abstract A 69-year-old white female presented for corneal transplant, but her numerous medical problems placed her at unacceptably high risk for prolonged general anesthesia. Routine monitored anesthesia care measures would not have provided her or the surgeon the comfort and repose necessary, for a successful outcome. We describe anesthetic management for ophthalmic surgery, using epidural anesthesia in conjunction with retrobulbar block, in an elderly patient at high risk for general anesthesia whose intractable back and leg pain would have otherwise precluded her cooperation in maintaining a motionless operative field.
Prolonged activity of factor IX as a monomeric Fc fusion protein

Treatment of hemophilia B requires frequent infusions of factor IX (FIX) to prophylax against bleeding episodes. Hemophilia B management would benefit from a FIX protein with an extended half-life. A recombinant fusion protein (rFIXFc) containing a single FIX molecule attached to the Fc region of immunoglobulin G was administered intravenously and found to have an extended half-life, compared with recombinant FIX (rFIX) in normal mice, rats, monkeys, and FIX-deficient mice and dogs. Recombinant FIXFc protein concentration was determined in all species, and rFIXFc activity was measured in FIX-deficient animals. The half-life of rFIXFc was approximately 3- to 4-fold longer than that of rFIX in all species. In contrast, in mice in which the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) was deleted, the half-life of rFIXFc was similar to rFIX, confirming the increased circulatory time was due to protection of the rFIXFc via the Fc/FcRn interaction. Whole blood clotting time in FIX-deficient mice was corrected through 144 hours for rFIXFc, compared with 72 hours for rFIX; similar results were observed in FIX-deficient dogs. Taken together, these studies show the enhanced pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of the rFIXFc fusion protein and provide the basis for evaluating rFIXFc in patients with hemophilia B.
Effects of a protocol-based management of type A aortic dissections.

Abstract Background Ascending aortic dissections (AADs) require prompt diagnosis and surgical treatment. We present the results of implementing a multidisciplinary aortic dissection protocol on the outcomes of AAD treatment at a nonteaching hospital. Methods From January 2002–December 2013, 54 patients with the diagnosis of AAD were treated at our institution. Thirty-seven (68.5%) were male with a mean age of 62.3 y. Cardiogenic shock was present in 25.9% of patients. An AAD protocol, focused on educating physicians on presenting signs and symptoms, adequate triaging, and the need for immediate surgical intervention, was implemented, alongside the standardization of surgical treatment. We divided the cohort into two eras, based on AAD program's implementation in 2006, to better assess the impact of this protocol. Results Patients from the early era had significantly longer time from Emergency Department to the operating room, more postoperative occurrence of prolonged ventilation, and a longer postoperative hospital stay at 8.7 ± 8 versus 3.1 ± 2.6 h ( P = 0.002), 63% versus 18% ( P = 0.002), and 63% versus 18% ( P = 0.002), respectively. The overall mortality for the cohort was 9.3%, decreasing from 12.5% before 2006 to 7.9% after 2006. Conclusions The implementation of a multidisciplinary aortic dissection protocol has resulted in faster diagnosis and transport of AAD cases from the emergency room to the operating room, improving outcomes. Our data support the concept that nonteaching institutions can deliver excellent care to patients with acute aortic emergencies.
Amino Acids and Preimplantation Development of the Mouse in Protein-Free Potassium Simplex Optimized Medium

Development of outbred CF1 mouse zygotes in vitro was studied in a chemically defined, protein-free medium both with and without amino acids. The addition of amino acids to protein-free potassium simplex optimized medium (KSOM) had little effect on the proportion of embryos that developed at least to the zona-enclosed blastocyst stage. In contrast, amino acids stimulated very significantly, in a dilution-dependent way, the proportion of blastocysts that at least partially or completely hatched. Amino acids also stimulated cell proliferation in both the trophectoderm and inner cell mass (ICM) cells, at rates that favored proliferation of cells in the ICM; had no effect on the incidence of cell death (oncosis or apoptosis); and improved development of the basement membranes, which form on the blastocoelic surface of the trophectoderm and between the primitive endoderm and the primitive ectoderm. Thus, KSOM, supplemented with amino acids but containing no protein supplements, supports development of a newly fertilized ovum to the late blastocyst stage, in which its normal, three-dimensional structure is preserved and in which the ICM has been partitioned into the primitive ectoderm and primitive endoderm.
The equivariant Euler characteristic

Abstract We describe an equivariant version of the Euler characteristic in order to extend to the equivariant case classical results relating the Euler characteristic to vector field (Reinhart) bordism of smooth manifolds and controllable cut-and-paste equivalence. We show that the nonequivariant results continue to hold for an arbitrary finite ambient group G , both in the oriented and unoriented cases, and thereby extend work on this subject begun by several authors. We use a new definition of equivariant orientation in terms of a categorical notion of ‘groupoid representations’.
Coronary arteriovenous fistula with a giant aneurysm: role of transesophageal echocardiography.

Abstract Congenital coronary arteriovenous fistulas are rare anomalies. Patients may present with congestive heart failure, ischemic chest pain, or endocarditis. In this case, transesophageal echocardiography provided valuable additional information to that obtained from cardiac catheterization, which was essential for the diagnosis and planning of surgical correction. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1999;12:1104-6.)
Generalized solutions of algebraic differential equations

On introduit deux notions reliees d'une fonction ou d'une distribution u etant une solution de certaines equations differentielles ou aux derivees partielles non lineaires. Ce sont les notions de N-solution et de IN-solution
GABA receptor expression in benign and malignant thyroid tumors.

Neurotransmitter systems have recently been shown to be involved in multiple malignancies including breast, colon and prostate cancers. The role of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors has not yet been examined in thyroid cancer. To determine the possible involvement of neurotransmitter systems in thyroid carcinogenesis we characterized the patterns of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor expression in normal thyroid and thyroid tumors. We examined the expression patterns of the GABAergic system in 70 human thyroid tumor samples (13 follicular adenomas, 14 follicular carcinomas, 43 papillary carcinomas) and adjacent normal thyroid by immunohistochemistry. GABAergic system mRNA expression in thyroid cancer cell lines derived from primary (FTC133) and metastatic tumors (FTC236 and FTC238) was examined by real time PCR. Overall, GABA receptor expression is increased in tumors compared to normal thyroid tissue. Expression of GABAA receptor β2 was detected in the vasculature of normal thyroid and thyroid tumors but not in thyroid cancer cells. GABAA α2 was detected in metastatic-derived but not in primary-tumor derived cell lines. Expression levels of GABAB R2 and GABA receptor associated protein (GABARAP) are increased in adenomas and thyroid cancer suggesting their role in early stages of thyroid tumorigenesis. This study represents the first demonstration of GABA receptor expression in human thyroid tissue and suggests that the GABAergic system is involved in thyroid carcinogenesis.
Behaviour and design of pin connected structures

The feasibility of achieving a preassigned stress state by changing the stiffness of determinate and indeterminate pin connected structures is presented. A new force method with all element forces (or stresses or areas) as independent variables is developed. The possibility but futility of getting the element areas by inverting and pre-multiplying the coefficient matrix with the external load vector when areas are chosen as variables is shown. The relationship existing between the compatibility equations and the plastic strength of pin connected structures is illustrated. Possible design methods for trusses under single or multiplicity of load conditions, the design of truss geometry and the relations between fully stressed and minimum weight structures are examined and illustrated through several examples.
Automatic mesh generation from solid models based on recursive spatial decompositions

This paper introduces a two-stage algorithm for the automatic conversion of solid models into finite element meshes. In Stage 1 the solid is approximated by a collection of variably sized cells generated by recursive spatial decomposition and stored in a logical tree. In Stage 2 the approximating cell structure, which includes cells that are wholly inside the solid (IN) as well as cells that are neither inside nor outside (NIO), is transformed into a finite element model. IN cells are directly mapped into finite elements while NIO cells are decomposed according to their topologically complexity through either template mapping or recursive element extraction. Although specifically designed for adaptive remeshing, the algorithm is of general use and can be implemented in any Solid Modelling System that supports Boolean operations on solids and maintains a complete boundary representation. Core algorithms for Stages i and 2 are rigorously developed to insure their applicability within a genuinely automatic procedure. Specific issues related to boundary evaluation and decomposition procedures are identified and discussed. The implementation of the algorithm into an experimental system based on the PADL-2 solid modeller is described. The paper concludes with a comparative study of existing meshing algorithms based on recursive spatial decompositions.
Density-functional theory in one dimension for contact-interacting fermions

A density-functional theory is developed for fermions in one dimension, interacting via a $\ensuremath{\delta}$ function. Such systems provide a natural testing ground for questions of principle, as the local-density approximation should be highly accurate since for this interaction type the exchange contribution to the local-density approximation is intrinsically self-interaction-free. The exact-exchange contribution to the total energy is a local functional of the density. A local-density approximation for correlation is obtained using perturbation theory and Bethe ansatz results for the one-dimensional contact-interacting uniform Fermi gas. The ground-state energies are calculated for two finite systems, the analogs of helium and of Hooke's atom. The local-density approximation is shown to be excellent as expected.
Labour's True Man: Organised Workingmen and the Language of Manliness in the USA, 1827–1877

This essay examines the language of manliness that both marked and shaped nineteenth-century mainstream labour activism during a formative period of craft bastardisation, class formation, and movement building. It sketches the logic and meanings of manliness embedded in labour newspapers, journals, addresses, and trade-union proceedings from the period. The analysis recovers a persistent, complex, and problematic racialised and gendered/classed language central to skilled white workingmen's collective self-identification. Assimilationist in thrust, it beckoned workingmen to an ambivalent double identity defined as much by manly character as by class characteristics. Thus it both facilitated and limited labour activism and class consciousness.
Advances in the nontransplant medical and surgical management of intestinal failure.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although intestinal transplantation is uniquely suited for the treatment of patients with intestinal failure suffering from life-threatening complications, patient survival at 5 years remains suboptimal at approximately 50-60%. RECENT FINDINGS The introduction of effective medications to improve intestinal absorption, alternate intravenous lipid preparations that may reduce cholestasis and a technically easier nontransplant intestinal lengthening procedure have largely changed the available options for nontransplant interventions. Multidisciplinary teams created to manage the complexities of this population have shown improved outcomes and the ability to prevent or slow progression of life-threatening complications that would otherwise lead to intestinal transplantation in a large number of patients with short bowel syndrome. SUMMARY Here, we review the historical options, recent advances and cutting-edge research that will likely provide the basis for further advances in the treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome as the cause of their intestinal failure.
PERCEPTION OF KHRUSHCHEV ONE YEAR AFTER HIS RETIREMENT

In a recent snidy (Merenda, 1964) the public perception of Nikita Khrushchev given by a validity (N = 19) sample and a cross-validity (N = 27) sample revealed two heavy clusterings; one around AVA Pattern 9722, and one around AVA Pattern 9533. Both of these profiles are descriptive of a person who is a hard-hitting, forceful opportunist; one who takes decisive action unhesitatingly, is an independent thinker, and has little respect for the other person's point of view or appreciation of the other man's feelings. Now that Khrushchev has been retired from the international political scene for approximately one year, it was hypothesized that perhaps his public image would be softened somewhat from the description given above. TO test this hypothesis a new sample (N = 39; 23 females and 16 males) was drawn; it was similar to the rwo previous ones in that Ss were students in an advanced undergraduate course in psychological testing. Their ages ranged from 19 to 52 yr. (Mdn = 21). The AVA was administered with the instructions to check those words which described Nikita Khrushchev. The resulting profiles were found to cluster as tighdy as the previous ones. The 39 profiles correlated .80 to 1.00 with AVA Pattern 9722 (Mdn 7 = .93), and .75 to 1.00 with AVA Pattern 9533 (Mdn r = 1.00). Apparently, the deparmre of Mr. Khrushchev from public life and position of power has done little, if anything, to change his public image.
Fairness and the public's role in defining decent benefits.

Schneiderman (2011) has accomplished what we had thought to be impossible, making Sarah Palin's rants about “death panels” sound reasonable (Walter and Goold forthcoming). The creation and use of t...
Bacteriological Survey of Market Poultry Livers

Abstract LITERATURE reviews and textbooks list over 30 disease agents as being “common to man and poultry.” Among these are such bacterial agents as Brucella sp., Clostridium sp., Corynebacterium diptheriae, Erysipelothrix insidiosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium avium, Paracolobactrum sp., Pasteurella sp., Salmonella sp., and Staphylococcus aureus (Galton and Arnstein, 1959; Hull, 1964; Ingalls, 1950; Brandly, 1948, 1951; and Felsenfeld, 1951). Poultry are implicated to varying degrees as a source of infection in man by these organisms. Since a review of the literature reveals no report of a random sampling of market fowl, any estimate as to the incidence or prevalence of these agents in the population of market poultry must be based upon data derived from examination of diseased poultry submitted to diagnostic laboratories. Basing any estimate on such data would obviously be extremely prejudiced since it would be influenced by the ease of diagnosis of specific diseases, the specific interests of…