cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling of modularity and scaling for integration of customer in design of engineer-to-order products

To survive in today's volatile market, companies are striving to deliver greater quality, more customization and innovative designs by offering user customizable products. Mass customization features products that can be altered or changed by the customer to fit his/her needs. In order to incorporate customer specifications, it is necessary to integrate the customer into the design process. Design tools and methodologies need to be altered to accommodate the customer into the process of designing customized products. This paper presents a web based framework to provide customizable products in real time by integrating the customer into the design process. The approach is based on templates to generate automatically Computer Aided Design (CAD) models from customer specifications. Structural feasibility of the user specified products are then evaluated using automated Finite Element Analysis (FEA), optimized and communicated back to the user in real time. The CAD and FEA product family template generalizes the rules and guidelines for entire product family. The template, optimization formulations, and the framework is implemented using commercial software. The applicability of the system is illustrated for web based customization of bicycle frames.
Cross-institutional research cyberinfrastructure for data intensive science

This paper describes a multi-institution effort to develop a “data science as a service” platform. This platform integrates advanced federated data management for small to large datasets, access to high performance computing, distributed computing and advanced networking. The goal is to develop a platform that is flexible and extensible while still supporting domain research and avoiding the walled garden problem. Some preliminary lessons learned and next steps will also be outlined.
Waves in Turbulence

The paper discusses the role of wave motion in fully developed turbulent shear flows. The equations of motion are written so as to single out the terms describing the linear interaction with the mean shear flow (approximated as a parallel one) and the remaining nonlinear terms treated as spectrally broad-band source terms (Landahl, 1967). The resulting fluctuations may be expressed in terms of travelling wave modes. For a mean shear flow with a small damping rate one finds from this model that the fluctuations will have frequency-wave number spectrum with a peak at the frequency near that for the eigenfrequency of the free wave, at the wave number considered, with a magnitude inversely proportional to the square of the damping rate. For an unstable mean field, as with a free shear layer, the exponential growth of the excited instability waves leads to a nonhomogeneous random field that is a function of the distance downstream from the beginning of the shear layer. Comparisons of the predictions of the wave model with experimental results (Bark, 1975, Garter, Kit & Wygnanski, 1983) confirm the presence of the shear waves and the importance of the linear interaction with the mean shear.
Eliciting Street-Based Sex Worker Perspectives to Inform Prostitution Policy Development

Using a visual method developed with input from program participants, this study reports on data collected from people attending a Baltimore drop-in center for women in street-based sex work (N = 1...
Volumetric tumor growth in advanced NSCLC patients (pts) with EGFR mutations during EGFR-TKI therapy: Developing criteria to define slow progression.

e19125 Background: EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC pts treated with EGFR TKI typically progress after an initial tumor response. Most pts continue TKI beyond RECIST progression, and an objective guide ...
Selective Oxidation of Ammonia on Ruthenium to Form p(2 x 2) Nitrogen Layer

Oxidation of ammonia was used to prepare a p(2 x 2) nitrogen layer on the Ru(0001) surface as verified by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). The process takes place in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chamber. The surface is precovered with oxygen and then exposed to ammonia at low temperature. Upon heating, the ammonia is oxidized to form water, which desorbs at low temperature to leave a nitrogencovered surface. The resulting layer can be used in a variety of surface chemical studies, including a hydrogenation reaction, which is an important part in the study of the Haber-Bosch process, in which ruthenium is used as a catalyst.
Development of Potassium- and Sodium-Promoted CaO Adsorbents for CO2 Capture at High Temperatures

Development of highly efficient adsorbents for the high temperature CO2 capture process is crucial for large scale implementation of this technology. In this work, development of novel potassium- and sodium-promoted CaO adsorbents (K–Ca and Na–Ca) is discussed, and their CO2 capture performance at high temperatures is presented. A series of K–Ca and Na–Ca adsorbents with various K/Ca or Na/Ca molar ratios were developed and tested for CO2 capture at high temperatures ranging from 300 to 400 °C. The structural, chemical, and morphological characteristics of the double salts were systematically evaluated before and after exposure to CO2. Our results indicated that CO2 capacity is largely influenced by both K or Na concentration and adsorption temperature. Maximum capacities of 3.8 and 3.2 mmol/g were obtained for K–Ca and Na–Ca double salts, respectively, at 375 °C and 1 bar. Further investigation of the effect of temperature revealed that the window temperature for operation ranges from 300 to 650 °C, whil...
Nonoperative Management of Labral Tears of the Hip in Adolescent Athletes: Description of Sports Participation, Interventions, Comorbidity, and Outcomes.

Context:Hip injury among young athletes is increasing, especially hip labral tears. Some tears may require surgical intervention, especially if they are associated with boney pathology such as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). A protocol for nonoperative treatment of the hip labral tears is not we
Second opinion interpretation of breast ultrasound images-Is it worth another look?

Abstract Purpose To determine if real-time breast ultrasound (RTUR) after second opinion reinterpretation of submitted static ultrasound images at a comprehensive cancer center impacts clinical management, specifically by detecting additional cancer and preventing unnecessary biopsy. Materials and methods In this IRB-approved and HIPAA-compliant retrospective study, 209 patients were included who had breast ultrasound studies from outside facilities submitted for second opinion review between January 2013 and May 2014, and who subsequently underwent RTUR at our institution within three months of the outside study. Findings on submitted exams were compared with those on RTUR and disagreements between them were annotated to indicate the presence or absence of suspicious lesions and recommendation for biopsy. Changes in management were defined as any additional biopsies performed or biopsies averted after RTUR and reported as frequencies and percentages using 95% confidence intervals. Results Following RTUR, 49 additional biopsies were performed in 43/209 patients (20.6%; 95% CI 15.1–26.1%). Additional cancer was found in 12/49 (24.5%) biopsies in 11/209 patients (5.3%; 95% CI 2.2–8.2%). Forty biopsies in 31/209 (14.8%; CI 10.0–19.7%) patients originally recommended were canceled after RTUR. Overall, a change in management after RTUR was observed in 68/209 patients (32.5%; 95% CI 26.1–38.9%), including patients with either additional biopsies performed or biopsies averted. Conclusion RTUR was found to be an important tool in the management of patients at our comprehensive cancer center. Although additional false-positive lesions may be detected on RTUR, a great number of patients will benefit from RTUR in finding additional cancers or avoiding unnecessary biopsies.
Orbital Counting of Curves on Algebraic Surfaces and Sphere Packings

We realize the Apollonian group associated to an integral Apollonian circle packings, and some of its generalizations, as a group of automorphisms of an algebraic surface. Borrowing some results in the theory of orbit counting, we study the asymptotic of the growth of degrees of elements in the orbit of a curve on an algebraic surface with respect to a geometrically finite group of its automorphisms.
Mislgan: An Anti-Forensic Camera Model Falsification Framework Using A Generative Adversarial Network

Deep learning techniques have become popular for performing camera model identification. To expose weaknesses in these methods, we propose a new anti-forensic framework that utilizes a generative adversarial network (GAN) to falsify an image's source camera model. Our proposed attack uses the generator trained in the GAN to produce an image that can fool a CNN-based camera model identification classifier. Moreover, our proposed attack will only introduce a minimal amount of distortion to the falsified image that is not perceptible to human eyes. By conducting experiments on a large amount of data, we show that the proposed attack can successfully fool a state-of-art camera model identification CNN classifier with 98% probability and maintain high image quality.
Sublime: a hands-free virtual reality menu navigation system using a high-frequency SSVEP-based brain-computer interface

In this work we present Sublime, a new concept of Steady-State Visually Evoked Potential (SSVEP) based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) where brain-computer communication occurs by capturing imperceptible visual stimuli integrated in the virtual scene and effortlessly conveying subliminal information to a computer. The technology was tested in a Virtual Reality (VR) environment, where the subject could navigate between the different menus by just gazing at them. The ratio between the stimuli frequencies and the refresh rate of the VR display creates an undesired perception of beats for which different solutions are proposed. To inform the user of target activation, real-time feedback in the form of loading bars is incorporated under each selectable object. We conducted experiments with several subjects and though the system is slower than a conventional joystick, users reported a satisfactory overall experience, in part due to the unexpected responsiveness of the system, as well as due to the fact that virtual objects flickered at a rate that did not cause annoyance. Since the imperceptible visual stimuli can be integrated unobtrusively to any element of the virtual world, we conclude that the potential applications of Sublime are extensive, especially in situations where knowing user's visual focus can be relevant.
The visual rhetoric of the aerial view: From surveillance to resistance

ABSTRACTWe live in a world increasingly photographed from satellites, planes, and drones. Many scholars have viewed aerial imagery through a dystopian lens, largely due to its use by the state and its legacy of military applications. While problematic uses of aerial images persist, this paper theorizes rhetorical potentialities of aerial imagery. We posit how aerial imagery creates these potentialities through strategies related to questions of visibility, scale, and aesthetics. Using case studies that illuminate these strategies, we demonstrate how they can be used to resist state and corporate interests, constitute new social movements, and invite contemplation of otherwise repellent political subject matter. Ultimately, we argue that with increased technological access and the ability to reconfigure norms of expertise, the aerial view presents both opportunities for civic engagement and counter-hegemonic potential.
Regenerating Corticospinal Axons Innervate Phenotypically Appropriate Neurons within Neural Stem Cell Grafts

Neural progenitor cell grafts form new relays across sites of spinal cord injury (SCI). Using a panel of neuronal markers, we demonstrate that spinal neural progenitor grafts to sites of rodent SCI adopt diverse spinal motor and sensory interneuronal fates, representing most neuronal subtypes of the intact spinal cord, and spontaneously segregate into domains of distinct cell clusters. Host corticospinal motor axons regenerating into neural progenitor grafts innervate appropriate pre-motor interneurons, based on trans-synaptic tracing with herpes simplex virus. A human spinal neural progenitor cell graft to a non-human primate also received topographically appropriate corticospinal axon regeneration. Thus, grafted spinal neural progenitor cells give rise to a variety of neuronal progeny that are typical of the normal spinal cord; remarkably, regenerating injured adult corticospinal motor axons spontaneously locate appropriate motor domains in the heterogeneous, developing graft environment, without a need for additional exogenous guidance.
Uncrating Josefina Aguilar: Autohistoria and Autohistoria-Teoría in Feminist Curating of a Muñecas Series

Historically, minority women artists and scholars of color have been ignored by the White patriarchal canon of art education and the arts. I uncrate Josefina Aguilar’s 14-piece clay munecas, which ...
Indirect association and ranking hypotheses for literature based discovery

Literature Based Discovery (LBD) produces more potential hypotheses than can be manually reviewed, making automatically ranking these hypotheses critical. In this paper, we introduce the indirect association measures of Linking Term Association (LTA), Minimum Weight Association (MWA), and Shared B to C Set Association (SBC), and compare them to Linking Set Association (LSA), concept embeddings vector cosine, Linking Term Count (LTC), and direct co-occurrence vector cosine. Our proposed indirect association measures extend traditional association measures to quantify indirect rather than direct associations while preserving valuable statistical properties. We perform a comparison between several different hypothesis ranking methods for LBD, and compare them against our proposed indirect association measures. We intrinsically evaluate each method’s performance using its ability to estimate semantic relatedness on standard evaluation datasets. We extrinsically evaluate each method’s ability to rank hypotheses in LBD using a time-slicing dataset based on co-occurrence information, and another time-slicing dataset based on SemRep extracted-relationships. Precision and recall curves are generated by ranking term pairs and applying a threshold at each rank. Results differ depending on the evaluation methods and datasets, but it is unclear if this is a result of biases in the evaluation datasets or if one method is truly better than another. We conclude that LTC and SBC are the best suited methods for hypothesis ranking in LBD, but there is value in having a variety of methods to choose from.
Lifetime reproductive success of northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris)

Lifetime reproductive success of individuals in a natural population provides an estimate of Darwinian fitness. We calculated lifetime reproductive success in a colony of female northern elephant s...
Langerhans Cells Spy on Keratinocytes.

Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) have been described as a novel mechanism for intercellular communication. However, the ability of epidermal cells to utilize TNTs remains a mystery. In this issue, Su and Igyarto (2019) showed that Langerhans cells (LCs) obtain mRNA from keratinocytes (KC) in vivo presumably via TNTs. The demonstration of exchange of genetic material from KC to LC in vivo is an an unexpected method of antigen acquisition by LC and also an important consideration when analyzing transcriptomic data.
Glutamine: a new metabolic substrate.

Glutamine serves important metabolic functions in a variety of tissues, but it has only recently been recognized as a new component of the metabolism of bone-Glutamine and glutamate are present as free amino acids in bone water at concentrations 2.5 and 40 times greater than their respective concentrations in plasma. The mediated transport of glutamine into calvaria occurs almost exclusively by Na+-dependent system(s). Glutamine uptake is not inhibited by N-methyl-D-L-alanine or 2-(methylamino)-isobutyric acid which are inhibitors of the A system of transport. Calvaria, when incubated in vitro degrade significant amounts of glutamine to ammonia, glutamate, other amino acids (alanine, aspartate, proline, ornithine) and CO2. The purpose of this report is to further delineate several of these processes with a view to their possible physiological significances.
Fluid Thinking for Resilient Livable Cities

Herbert Dreiseitl focuses on creating Liveable Cities around the world. He is an internationally respected expert on the inspiring and innovative use of water to solve urban environmental challenge...
Nonadherence to breast and cervical cancer screening among sexual minority women: Do stigma-related psychological barriers play a role?

Objective Sexual minority women are at heightened risk for breast and cervical cancer and are less likely than heterosexual women to obtain timely screenings for breast and cervical cancer. This study tested hypotheses about potential factors that contribute to nonadherence to these screenings among sexual minority women. Method Sexual minority women living in the United States aged 18 to 74 who met other eligibility criteria (n = 1,115) were recruited to complete an online questionnaire. Screening utilization, demographic information, sexual orientation, and health care indicators were collected. Variables linked to minority stress were assessed: stigma consciousness, internalized homophobia, rejection sensitivity, fear of negative evaluation, and concealment of sexual orientation from one's health care provider. Logistic regression models tested whether these psychological variables were independently associated with nonadherence for Papanicolaou (Pap) test and breast cancer screening. Results The variable of concealment had the strongest positive independent association with failure to obtain timely Pap tests. Among women who had a general physical in the last year, concealment, stigma consciousness, rejection sensitivity, and fear of negative evaluation were all positively associated with lower rates of timely Pap tests. Among all women, these psychological variables were positively associated with never obtaining a Pap test and concealment was also negatively associated with clinical breast exam adherence. Conclusions Psychological barriers and concealment of sexual identity may hinder adherence to screening guidelines among some sexual minority women. Strategies facilitating positive experiences of disclosure to health care providers and addressing psychological factors related to minority stress could promote adherence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Does Your Neighborhood’s Income Distribution Matter? A Multi-scale Study of Financial Well-Being in the U.S.

New research reveals spatial variation in a number of subjective measures like happiness and well-being. Yet, scholars remain divided over the geographic scale and attributes that matter. This paper examines how “geographic context”—one’s relative income position and the level of income inequality—is associated with individual financial well-being (FWB) at various geographic scales in the U.S. Drawing on data from the 1995 Midlife in the United States survey and the 1990 Census, I identify four major findings: (1) the geographic context is more likely to influence FWB as household income increases, as low-income individuals tend to report poorer FWB regardless of where they live; (2) high-income individuals tend to report greater FWB as their relative income position rises; (3) differences in FWB across income rankings are more pronounced as income inequality increases; and (4) geographic context has the greatest effect on FWB when measured at the extralocal level (labor market area), followed by the context at the local level (Census tract). These findings provide new insight into the salient attributes, as well as scale, of the geographic context that may help shape individual financial well-being.
Student Success and Attempts on Auto-Graded Homework Across Multiple Cohorts in Material and Energy Balances

Student success and attempts on hundreds of online homework problems housed in a fully interactive online textbook, Material and Energy Balances zyBook, were studied over three cohorts of students (n=284). Auto-graded homework questions with randomized numbers and content can explore proficiency in the course material. Students are allowed to attempt any question as many times as needed, and a median success of 94% was found. Also, students completed thousands of attempts after correctly answering without the incentive to improve grades.
A prenatal programming perspective on the intergenerational transmission of maternal adverse childhood experiences to offspring health problems

Decades of research indicate that individuals exposed to childhood adversity are at risk for poor physical and mental health across their life span. More recently, intergenerational transmission of trauma and prenatal programming frameworks suggest an even longer reach for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), with consequences that extend to subsequent generations. Beyond the individual-level consequences typically observed by empirical studies of ACEs, mothers' experiences of early adversity may also compromise the maternal-child dyadic relationship. We propose a conceptual model whereby mothers' ACEs impact maternal-infant dyadic functioning and later biobehavioral health outcomes through heightened perinatal psychosocial risk. We provide support for the proposed paths and mechanistic processes in our model with data drawn from Las Madres Nuevas, a longitudinal study of low-income Mexican-origin families who participated in a series of home and laboratory visits from the prenatal period through early childhood. Higher ACEs exposure among Las Madres Nuevas participants was associated with numerous perinatal psychosocial risk factors, which predicted poorer mother-infant dyadic functioning. Compromised dyadic functioning during infancy was associated with later maternal mental health and child behavior problems. We conclude with discussion of prevention and treatment strategies that can buffer against proposed risk pathways, including perinatal assessment of maternal ACEs and psychosocial risk, perinatal treatment of maternal distress, and mother-infant therapy in the postpartum period. It is our hope that the proposed conceptual model will serve as a guide for future research to examine the lasting consequences of childhood adversities within and across generations among high-risk populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
STRUCTURE OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL LAGRANGIANS. II.

The general method for constructing invariant phenomenological Lagrangians is described. The fields are assumed to transform according to (nonlinear) realizations of an internal symmetry group, given in standard form. The construction proceeds through the introduction of covariant derivatives, which are standard forms for the field gradients. The case of gauge fields is also discussed.
Cell Counting by a Location-Aware Network.

The purpose of cell counting is to estimate the number of cells in microscopy images. Most popular methods obtain the cell numbers by integrating the density maps that are generated by deep cell counting networks. However, these cell counting networks that reply on estimated cell density maps may leave cell locations in a black-box. In this paper, we propose a novel cell counting network leveraging cell location information to obtain accurate cell numbers. Evaluated on four widely used cell counting datasets, our method which uses cell locations to boost the cell density map generation and cell counting, achieves superior performances compared to the state-of-the-art. The source codes will be available in our Github.
Race, Religion and Law in Colonial India: Trials of an Interracial Family

How did British rule in India transform persons from lower social classes? Could Indians from such classes rise in the world by marrying Europeans and embracing their religion and customs? This book explores such questions by examining the intriguing story of an interracial family who lived in southern India in the mid-nineteenth century. The family, which consisted of two untouchable brothers, both of whom married Eurasian women, became wealthy as distillers in the local community. A family dispute resulted in a landmark court case, Abraham v. Abraham. Chandra Mallampalli uses this case to examine the lives of those involved, and shows that far from being products of a 'civilizing mission' who embraced the ways of Englishmen, the Abrahams were ultimately - when faced with the strictures of the colonial legal system - obliged to contend with hierarchy and racial difference.
Leveling of arterial wall stiffness between aortic arch and left carotid artery due to aging is associated with reduced volume flow towards the brain: pulse wave velocity evaluation with high-field velocity-encoded MRI

Background A discrete transition of wall stiffness at the interface of a compliant aorta and stiffer carotid arteries creates a reflection site for the aortic pulse wave and consequently limits excessive pulsatile energy transmission towards the brain. Arterial wall stiffness can be expressed by the pulse wave velocity (PWV) and dualslice one-directional through-plane velocity-encoded (VE) MRI is well-validated for accurate PWV-assessment. The hypothesis is that with aging, leveling of PWV across the aortic arch and carotid artery will occur with negative effect on the flow towards the brain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PWV and volume flow in aorta and carotid artery in younger and older volunteers using 3T VE MRI.
Women guerillas: marching toward true freedom?

abstract This article examines the context and experiences of women who take up arms in liberation struggles. It explores the following question: ‘Is the ‘liberated’ nation an inherently male concept, or does women's participation in armed warfare challenge this assumption?’ To address this issue, the writer takes a bird's eye view of four conflicts—in Iran, El Salvador, Algeria and Sri Lanka—where women have actively been involved in guerilla movements and focuses on the tensions that arise when they are expected to fulfill the dictates of conventional (gendered) norms while simultaneously performing as combatants in the frontlines of war. Illustrated is how although armed conflicts provide a unique opportunity for armed women to merge the two roles, that of a fighter and that of a nurturer, they do not necessarily create a permanent space for women in the new process of nation building. Furthermore, the article asserts that the relationship between the state and women guerillas is highly contentious and...
The post-polio syndrome as an evolved clinical entity. Definition and clinical description

Post-polio syndrome (PPS) refers to the new neuromuscular symptoms that occur at least 15 years after stability in patients with prior acute paralytic polio-myelitis. They include: (1) new muscle weakness and atrophy in the limbs, the bulbar or the respiratory muscles [post-poliomyelitis muscular atrophy (PPMA)] and (2) excessive muscle fatigue and diminished physical endurance. PPS is a clinical diagnosis that requires exclusion of all other medical, neurological, orthopedic or psychiatric diseases that could explain the cause of the new symptoms. Routine electromyography is useful to confirm chronic and ongoing denervation and exclude neuropathies. Muscle biopsy, single fiber electromyography (EMG), macro-EMG, serum antibody titers to polio virus, and spinal fluid studies are very useful research tools but they are rarely needed to establish the clinical diagnosis. PPS is a slowly progressive phenomenon with periods of stability that vary from 3 to 10 years. Current evidence indicates that PPS is the evolution of a subclinically ongoing motor neuron dysfunction that begins after the time of the acute polio. It is clinically manifested as PPS when the well-compensated reinnervating process crosses a critical threshold beyond which the remaining motor neurons cannot maintain the innervation to all the muscle fibers within their motor unit territory.
BACTERIAL INTERFERENCE; PROTECTION OF ADULTS AGAINST NASAL STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTION AFTER COLONIZATION WITH A HETEROLOGOUS S AUREUS STRAIN.

Nasal carriers of pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus are a potential hazard to their environment, their contacts, and themselves. At present, there is no known method which permanently eradicates "virulent" strains of S aureus from the nose of all persistent carriers. These investigations were undertaken to evaluate a new approach to a solution of the problem presented by adult carriers of virulent staphylococci. Shinefield and his associates have demonstrated that colonization of the nasal mucosa of newborns with one strain of coagulasepositive staphylococcus interferes with subsequent acquisition of a second strain of S aureus , 1 and that, in fact, artificial colonization of newborns immediately after birth with a staphylococcus of low virulence can be employed to protect infants from infection by virulent "epidemic" strains. 2-5 Epidemiologic data which would support the hypothesis of biologic competition between different strains of staphylococci have been reported by other groups of investigators. 6-8 The
Constraints, environmental intentions, intuition, and sanitation: Editors’ notes

This issue of the Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership is the second since soliciting and publishing manuscripts in the recently added categories (Essays, Practices, and Commentaries; and Research Notes). While we have seen some increase in the variety of manuscript submissions, we want to ask you, the authors, readers and reviewers, to continue to encourage colleagues to take advantage of the JOREL as a place to publish a variety of papers all related to outdoor recreation, education, and leadership.
Correlation hole of the spin-polarized electron gas, with exact small-wave-vector and high-density scaling

For a uniform electron gas of density n=${\mathit{n}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}}$+${\mathit{n}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\downarrow}}}$=3/4\ensuremath{\pi}${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}^{3}$=\ensuremath{\pi}${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{s}}^{6}$/192 and spin polarization \ensuremath{\zeta}=(${\mathit{n}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}}$-${\mathit{n}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\downarrow}}}$)/n, we study the Fourier transform \ensuremath{\rho}${\mathrm{\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}}_{\mathit{c}}$(k,${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}$,\ensuremath{\zeta}) of the correlation hole, as well as the correlation energy ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}}_{\mathit{c}}$(${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}$,\ensuremath{\zeta})=${\mathcal{F}}_{0}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\infty}}}$dk \ensuremath{\rho}${\mathrm{\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}}_{\mathit{c}}$/\ensuremath{\pi}. In the high-density (${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0) limit, we find a simple scaling relation ${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{s}}$\ensuremath{\rho}${\mathrm{\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}}_{\mathit{c}}$/\ensuremath{\pi}${\mathit{g}}^{2}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}f(z,\ensuremath{\zeta}), where z=k/${\mathit{gk}}_{\mathit{s}}$, g=[(1+\ensuremath{\zeta}${)}^{2/3}$+(1-\ensuremath{\zeta}${)}^{2/3}$]/2, and f(z,1)=f(z,0). The function f(z,\ensuremath{\zeta}) is only weakly \ensuremath{\zeta} dependent, and its small-z expansion -3z/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{2}$+4 \ensuremath{\surd}3 ${\mathrm{z}}^{2}$/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{2}$+... is also the exact small-wave-vector (k\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0) expansion for any ${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}$ or \ensuremath{\zeta}. Motivated by these considerations, and by a discussion of the large-wave-vector and low-density limits, we present two Pad\'e representations for \ensuremath{\rho}${\mathrm{\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}}_{\mathit{c}}$ at any k, ${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}$, or \ensuremath{\zeta}, one within and one beyond the random-phase approximation (RPA). We also show that \ensuremath{\rho}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} $_{\mathit{c}}^{\mathrm{RPA}}$ obeys a generalization of Misawa's spin-scaling relation for ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}}_{\mathit{c}}^{\mathrm{RPA}}$, and that the low-density (${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}) limit of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}}_{\mathit{c}}^{\mathrm{RPA}}$ is \ensuremath{\sim}${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3/4}$.
Counselor-o-poly: Students’ Response to an Experiential Assignment

Experiential activities provide the opportunity for students to not only learn the material presented but also to apply what they learn in a hands-on environment. An assignment in a counselor training program written to assist students in learning various competencies is important in the development of their identity as professional counselors. Furthermore, the article presents the activity developed by one group of students assigned the transgender competencies and their personal reactions to the development of the activity and the presentation of Counselor-o-poly to their classmates.
Preparation of renal cortex basal-lateral and brush border membranes. Localization of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase activities

Abstract Luminal brush border and contraluminal basal-lateral segments of the plasma membrane from the same kidney cortex were prepared. The brush border membrane preparation was enriched in trehalase and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, whereas the basal-lateral membrane preparation was enriched in (Na + + K + )-ATPase. However, the specific activity of (Na + + K + )-ATPase in brush border membranes also increased relative to that in the crude plasma membrane fraction, suggesting that (Na + + K + )-ATPase may be an intrinsic constituent of the renal brush border membrane in addition to being prevalent in the basal-lateral membrane. Adenylate cyclase had the same distribution pattern as (Na + + K + )-ATPase, i.e. higher specific activity in basal-lateral membranes and present in brush border membranes. Adenylate cyclase in both membrane preparations was stimulated by parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, epinephrine, prostaglandins and 5′-guanylylimidodiphosphate. When the agonists were used in combination enhancements were additive. In contrast to the distribution of adenylate cyclase, guanylate cyclase was found in the cytosol and in basal-lateral membranes with a maximal specific activity (NaN 3 plus Triton X-100) 10-fold that in brush border membranes. ATP enhanced guanylate cyclase activity only in basal-lateral membranes. It is proposed that guanylate cyclase, in addition to (Na + + K + )-ATPase, be used as an enzyme “marker” for the renal basal-lateral membrane.
GPA, Depression, and Drinking: A Longitudinal Comparison of High School Boys and Girls

Employing general strain theory, the authors examine gender differences in the dynamic strain-and-coping relations between GPA, depression, and drinking. Using longitudinal high school data from th...
Oxidative metabolism of a fatty acid amide hydrolase-regulated lipid, arachidonoyltaurine.

A novel class of lipids, N-acyltaurines, was recently discovered in fatty acid amide hydrolase knockout mice. In some peripheral tissues, such as liver and kidney, N-acyltaurines with long, polyunsaturated acyl chains are most prevalent. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are converted to a variety of signaling molecules by cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs). The ability of COXs and LOXs to oxygenate arachidonoyltaurine was evaluated to gain insight into the potential metabolic fate of N-acyltaurines. Although arachidonoyltaurine was a poor substrate for COXs, mammalian 12S- and 15S-LOXs oxygenated arachidonoyltaurine with similar or better efficiency than arachidonic acid. Products of arachidonoyltaurine oxygenation were characterized by liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC−MS/MS). The positional specificity of single oxygenation was retained for 15S-LOXs. However, platelet-type 12S-LOX produced 12- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoyltaurines (HETE-Ts). Furthermore, LOXs generated dihydrox...
Butadiene Complexes of Titanium(II) and Titanium(0): Synthesis, Butadiene Dimerization Catalysis, and Crystal Structures of TiMe2(η4-1,4-C4H4Ph2)(dmpe) and Ti(η4-C4H6)2(dmpe)

The titanium(II) alkyl trans-TiMe2(dmpe)2, where dmpe is 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane, reacts with 1,3-butadiene and trans,trans-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene at −20 °C to produce the titanium(II) butadiene complexes TiMe2(η4-C4H4R2)(dmpe), where R is H or Ph. NMR spectra are consistent with structures in which the methyl groups are mutually cis, and this has been verified crystallographically for the 1,4-diphenylbutadiene complex. These molecules are fluxional on the NMR time scale, and the activation parameters for exchange are ΔH⧧ = 9.1 ± 0.2 kcal mol-1 and ΔS⧧ = 3 ± 1 eu for the 1,4-diphenylbutadiene complex. The process that exchanges the two Ti−Me groups, the two ends of the dmpe ligand, and the two ends of the butadiene ligand is proposed to be a trigonal twist, although we cannot entirely rule out the possibility that the exchange involves five-coordinate intermediates generated by dissociation of one “arm” of a chelating ligand. If the reaction of TiMe2(dmpe)2 and 1,3-butadiene is allowed to pro...
Changes in potato phenylpropanoid metabolism during tuber development

Abstract Phenylpropanoid metabolite and transcript expression during different developmental stages were examined in field grown potatoes. Carbohydrate and shikimic acid metabolism was assessed to determine how tuber primary metabolism influences phenylpropanoid metabolism. Phenylpropanoid concentrations were highest in immature tubers, as were some transcript levels and enzyme activities including phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). Phenylpropanoid concentration differences between mature and immature tubers varied by genotype, but in some cases were approximately three-fold. The most abundant phenylpropanoid was chlorogenic acid (5CGA), which decreased during tuber maturation. Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HQT) transcripts were highly expressed relative to other phenylpropanoid genes, but were not well correlated with 5CGA concentrations (r = −0.16), whereas HQT enzyme activity was. In contrast to 5CGA, less abundant chlorogenic isomers increased during development. Concentrations of hydroxycinnamic acid amides were higher in immature tubers, as was expression of arginine- and ornithine decarboxylases. Expression of several genes involved in carbohydrate or shikimate metabolism, including sucrose synthase and DAHP, showed similar developmental patterns to phenylpropanoid pools, as did shikimate dehydrogenase enzyme activity. Sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations were highest in immature tubers. Exogenous treatment of potatoes with sugars stimulated phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, suggesting sugars contribute to the higher phenylpropanoid concentrations in immature tubers. These changes in phenylpropanoid expression suggest the nutritional value of potatoes varies during development.
Comparison of Maximum Likelihood, Generalized Least Squares, Ordinary Least Squares, and Asymptotically Distribution Free Parameter Estimates in Drug Abuse Latent Variable Causal Models

Latent variable causal modeling techniques are sometimes criticized when applied to drug abuse data because the commonly-employed maximum likelihood parameter estimation method requires that the da...
Low-frequency coherent fluctuations in the Proto-Cleo torsatron

Digital signal processing techniques were used to study low-frequency fluctuations (f < 100 kHz) in the Ohmically heated plasma (e ≈ 2 × 1011 cm−3, Te ≈ 10 eV) of the Proto-Cleo torsatron. Coherent density fluctuations show a mode structure with a helicity matching that of the vacuum field. The poloidal mode numbers vary from m = 4 at 20 kHz to m = 16 at 100 kHz. The m = 4 mode has the largest amplitude, n/n ≈ 15%, and the fluctuation amplitudes decrease roughly linearly with frequency. Fluctuations in plasma current, Hβ emission, and X-ray flux show spectra similar to and coherent with that of the density fluctuations. Comparison with theory and previous experimental results indicates that rippling modes may be responsible for these fluctuations. These results may be relevant to the physics of edge plasmas in larger devices.
Studying a Social Norm

This article describes a classroom activity in which students identify and graphically represent a group's norm. Students take a survey of peers' attitudes toward a target behavior and variations of it. Mean responses for each question are computed and graphed. The resulting curve illustrates the group's approval and disapproval of the target behavior, the strength of this approval or disapproval, the ideal behavior, and the range of tolerable behavior. This activity helps students understand and appreciate survey research methods, the need for controlled research, and the power of a peer-group norm.
Is the Customer Still Active

Abstract In this department The American Statistician publishes articles, reviews, and notes of interest to teachers of the first mathematical statistics course and of applied statistics courses. The department includes the Accent on Teaching Materials section; suitable contents for the section are described under the section heading. Articles and notes for the department, but not intended specifically for the section, should be useful to a substantial number of teachers of the indicated types of courses or should have the potential for fundamentally affecting the way in which a course is taught. In this department The American Statistician publishes articles, reviews, and notes of interest to teachers of the first mathematical statistics course and of applied statistics courses. The department includes the Accent on Teaching Materials section; suitable contents for the section are described under the section heading. Articles and notes for the department, but not intended specifically for the section, sh...
Action Research As Professional Development for Zoo Educators

ABSTRACT Zoo education department staff members engaged in a professional development program on action research that resulted in increased self-efficacy in their ability to formally or informally assess their own instructional and other job-related practices. Resolution of contradictions between professional development goals and participant perceptions, between discordant research ideologies of the participants and of action research paradigms, and between the professional development objectives and the existing tools held by participants were important in facilitating participants' ability to engage in action research. The role of mentors was of particular significance in the resolution of contradictions. This program of reflective practice simultaneously provided development for zoo professionals and yielded visitor studies data that the staff members could directly apply to their practices, thus bridging the gap between research and practice.
Should anastomotic assessment with flexible sigmoidoscopy be routine following laparoscopic restorative left colorectal resection

Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the value of routine intra-operative flexible sigmoidoscopy (IOFS) for left-sided anastomotic integrity and to determine the safest step after a positive leak test. Method All consecutive patients undergoing left-sided colorectal resections for benign and malignant disease between August 2005 and April 2011 were included. Data regarding procedure, type of anastomosis and outcomes of IOFS were collected. A positive intra-operative leak test resulted in redoing the anastomosis and repeating the leak test. Results A total of 415 consecutive patients underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic colorectal resection with a colorectal/ileoanal anastomosis. All patients underwent IOFS. Seventeen patients had abnormality on IOFS. Fifteen patients had a positive air leak test. One patient had anastomotic bleeding. There was one stapler misfiring. Fourteen anastomoses were redone without diversion. One patient required diversion to protect the ileoanal anastomosis and another had already been diverted. Minor bleeding from the staple line in one patient resolved without intervention; however, he had a postoperative anastomotic leak needing surgical intervention. None of the patients who had a takedown and refashioning of the anastomosis following a positive leak on IOFS had postoperative anastomotic leakage or bleeding. Our overall anastomotic leak rate was 2.1%. Conclusions Intra-operative flexible sigmoidoscopy for restorative colorectal resection is safe and reliable and should be performed routinely to assess anastomotic integrity and bleeding. Refashioning the anastomosis after formal takedown would obviate the risk of leakage and is our recommended method of managing intra-operative leaks.
Methodological approach from the Best Overall Team in the sbv IMPROVER Diagnostic Signature Challenge

The sbv IMPROVER Diagnostic Signature Challenge used crowdsourcing to identify the best methods to classify clinical samples using transcriptomics data. Participating teams used public microarray data sets to develop prediction models in four disease areas, and then made predictions on blinded test data generated by the organizers. Here we describe the approach of the team for the Perinatology Research Branch (Team PRB; AL Tarca, R Romero), that was awarded the best performing entrant prize out of 54 entrants. The key elements of our approach included: (1) selection of training data sets by trial and error; (2) removal of batch effects by pre-processing the test and training data together; (3) the use of statistical significance and magnitude of change to select biomarkers; and (4) optimization of the number of biomarkers via the cross-validated performance of a simple linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model. Not only were our resulting models ranked consistently high, but they also generated parsimoniou...
Individual differences in the newsvendor problem: Behavior and cognitive reflection

Abstract Previous research has shown that when solving a newsvendor problem, individuals systematically and persistently deviate from the profit maximizing quantity. This paper investigates the relationship between cognitive reflection and newsvendor decision making, testing experienced supply chain professionals and subjects affiliated with a university business school in a newsvendor experiment. We find that in high and medium critical ratio environments, individuals with higher cognitive reflection exhibit a lower tendency to chase demand. We also find that cognitive reflection is related to task outcome measures including average expected profit, average order quantity and order quantity variance, and that cognitive reflection is a better predictor of performance than college major, years of experience, and managerial position. These results suggest that cognitive reflection contributes to an understanding of newsvendor decision-making behavior.
Impaired endocrine and exocrine pancreatic functions in copper-deficient rats: the effect of gender.

To examine the effect of gender on endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function in female and male rats fed from weaning a copper-deficient diet.Weanling male and female rats were fed a copper-deficient or adequate diet for 4 weeks. Rats were sacrificed after an overnight fast. Livers and pancreata were removed, weighed and the concentrations of copper and iron were determined. In addition, insulin was measured in pancreatic tissue and plasma. Lipase and amylase activities were measured in pancreas. Lipid peroxidation was assessed in liver.Copper deficiency in the male resulted in a profound reduced glandular mass of the pancreas. The pancreas continued low activities of lipase and amylase but excessive levels of insulin. Iron retention in the pancreas of the copper-deficient male rat was greater than in the female counterpart. Effects of copper deficiency in female rats on pancreas mass and endocrine pancreas were of lesser magnitude compared with males. Plasma insulin in the female rat was much higher tha...