cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TEP and Lichtenstein anatomy: does simulation accelerate acquisition among interns?

The anatomy of the inguinal region is notoriously challenging to master. We sought to teach open inguinal hernia (OIH) and totally extraperitoneal (TEP) anatomy with simulation models among general surgery (GS) interns. Low-fidelity OIH and TEP models were constructed out of cardboard, plastic bins, fabric, and yarn. GS interns (n = 30) participated in a 3-h hernia session including a pretest, anatomy lecture, simulated OIH and TEP hernia repair, and posttest. Pre- and posttest scores were based on a difficult 30-point exam which included didactic questions (10 points), drawing relevant TEP (10 points), and OIH (10 points) anatomy. Participants were surveyed following the session. Median pretest scores were 13 % (range 0–60 %). Median posttest scores improved to 47 % (range 20–93 %, p < 0.001). Median number of structures drawn in the TEP image improved from 2 (range 0–14) to 11 (range 1–21, p < 0.001). Median number of structures drawn in the OIH image improved from 3 (range 0–15) to 7 (range 1–19, p < 0.001). 67 % (12/18) demonstrated improvement in knowledge of abdominal wall layers. 23 % (7/30) knew the triangles of pain/doom on the pretest vs. 77 % (23/30) on the posttest. Mean Likert scores favored session enjoyability (4.5), not a waste of training time (4.4), and improved understanding of OIH and TEP anatomy (4.4, 4.2). Low-fidelity simulators can be used to teach and assess knowledge of TEP and OIH anatomy. While enjoyable and useful, one 3-h session does not create master hernia surgeons or expert anatomists out of novice trainees.
Stacked charge stripes in the quasi-2D trilayer nickelate La4Ni3O8.

The quasi-2D nickelate La4Ni3O8 (La-438), consisting of trilayer networks of square planar Ni ions, is a member of the so-called T′ family, which is derived from the Ruddlesden–Popper (R-P) parent compound La4Ni3O10−x by removing two oxygen atoms and rearranging the rock salt layers to fluorite-type layers. Although previous studies on polycrystalline samples have identified a 105-K phase transition with a pronounced electronic and magnetic response but weak lattice character, no consensus on the origin of this transition has been reached. Here, we show using synchrotron X-ray diffraction on high-pO2 floating zone-grown single crystals that this transition is associated with a real space ordering of charge into a quasi-2D charge stripe ground state. The charge stripe superlattice propagation vector, q = (2/3, 0, 1), corresponds with that found in the related 1/3-hole doped single-layer R-P nickelate, La5/3Sr1/3NiO4 (LSNO-1/3; Ni2.33+), with orientation at 45° to the Ni-O bonds. The charge stripes in La-438 are weakly correlated along c to form a staggered ABAB stacking that reduces the Coulomb repulsion among the stripes. Surprisingly, however, we find that the charge stripes within each trilayer of La-438 are stacked in phase from one layer to the next, at odds with any simple Coulomb repulsion argument.
Chromium: Properties and Determination

Cr 3 + and Cr 6 + ions have distinctly different chemistry, with Cr(VI) complexes being kinetically stable and thermodynamically unstable, while Cr(III) complexes are both kinetically and thermodynamically stable. Chromium levels in tissues, body fluids, food components, and other biological samples are very low; as a result, data reported prior to c.1978 are problematic and must be disregarded. Currently, chromium concentrations in biological samples are generally measured using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Sample preparation must be performed carefully to prevent contamination, particularly from stainless steel. Currently, research in the separation and determination of Cr 3 + and Cr 6 + simultaneously is an active area.
The Unity of Science and Theory Construction in Molecular Biology

Though philosophers have many times directed their attention at the problems of theory construction, theory testing, and the growth of science, they have been most often preoccupied with these issues in the context of physics.1 Thus there are a number of important and influential works in the philosophy of science which take actual science seriously,2 such as P. Duhem’s The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory, H. Poincare’s Foundations of Science, K. R. Popper’s The Logic of Scientific Discovery, and T. S. Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, but which have based their metascientific analyses exclusively on examples of theories drawn from the physical sciences.3
Maximum entropy method for model and reliability updating using inspection data

In this paper, a general method for probabilistic model and reliability updating using response measures is presented. The prior probability density functions for model parameters are derived according to the principle of Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) when partial information is available. A posterior is formulated using the principle of Minimization of Discrimination Information (MDI) to perform probabilistic model and reliability updating when new inspection data are available. Simulation-based approaches are adopted to calculate the asymptotic solutions for the prior and posterior densities. A realistic fatigue crack growth example with experimental data is presented for illustration and validation of the proposed method.
Acceptability of Low-Volume, Induced Sputum Specimens for Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia

Two milliliters of induced sputum is the minimum volume recommended for microscopic examination for Pneumocystis carinii by direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) stain. Many specimens received in our laboratory do not meet this criterion. Rejection of these inadequate specimens increases cost and discomfort to the patient because additional specimens must be obtained. To determine whether volumes less than 2 mL were acceptable for microscopic analysis, we examined 177 consecutive induced sputum specimens submitted for P. carinii DFA stain. Eighty-four (47.4%) specimens were less (0.5-1.9 mL) than the 2-mL volume recommended by the manufacturer. Overall, 33 specimens were positive. The positivity rates for specimens 2 mL or more and less than 2 mL were 18% and 19%, respectively. Induced sputum volumes between 0.5 and 2 mL may be acceptable for DFA examination.
Enterprise transformation

Fundamental enterprise changes begin by looking at the challenges from technical, behavioral, and social perspectives.
Results analysis on the cockroaches density monitoring in different areas of Hebei province

Objective To monitor the population density and seasonal fluctuation of cockroaches in different areas of Hebei province.Methods Using cockroaches catching boxes.Results 4 species were caught,belonging to 2 genera and 2 families.Blattella germanica were dominant species(91.32%).The peak periods of density lasted from June to August.Conclusion The best space for preventing cockroaches are hotel and restaurant.
A Comparison and Analysis of the Administrative Costs of Universities

De-administration of universities is a hot topic in society.The author sums up the administrative features of universities in management system,organization structure,operation system and financial investment,makes a comparative analysis of the administrative costs of public universities and private universities,points out that universities should conduct de-administration from the perspective of lowering administrative cost,and puts forward the suggestions of legal management,independent operation and performance management after de-administration.
Ontology-Aware Classification and Association Rule Mining for Interest and Link Prediction in Social Networks.

Previous work on analysis of friendship networks has identified ways in which graph features can be used for prediction of link existence and persistence, and shown that features of user pairs such as shared interests can marginally improve the precision and recall of link prediction. This marginal improvement has, to date, been severely limited by the flat representation used for interest taxonomies. We present an approach towards integration of such graph features with ontology-enriched numerical and nominal features (based on interest hierarchies) and on itemset size-sensitive associations found using interest data. A test bed previously developed using the social network and weblogging service LiveJournal is extended using this integrative approach. Our results show how this semantically integrative approach to link mining yields a boost in precision and recall of known friendships when applied to this test bed. We conclude with a discussion of link-dependent features and how an integrative constructive induction framework can be extended to incorporate temporal fluents for link prediction, interest prediction, and annotation in social networks.
A composite soft bending actuation module with integrated curvature sensing

Soft robotics carries the promise of making robots as capable and adaptable as biological creatures, but this will not be possible without the ability to perform self-sensing and control with precision and repeatability. In this paper, we seek to address this need with the development of a new pneumatically-actuated soft bending actuation module with integrated curvature sensing. We designed and fabricated two different versions of this module: One with a commercially available resistive flex sensor and the other with a magnetic curvature sensor of our own design, and used an external motion capture system to calibrate and validate these two approaches. In addition, we used an iterative sliding mode controller to drive the modules through step curvature references to demonstrate the controllability of the modules as well as compare the usability of the two sensors. We found that the magnetic sensor returned noisy but accurate data, while the flex sensor had minor inaccuracies and it was subject to overshoot but did not exhibit notable noise. Experimental results show that this phenomenon of overshoot from the flex sensor causes active feedback control of the bending actuator to exhibit significant positioning errors. This work demonstrates that our soft bending actuator can be controlled with repeatability and precision, and that our magnetic curvature sensor represents an improvement for use in proprioception and closed-loop control of soft robotic devices.
Changes in Attitudes toward Guns and Shootings following Implementation of the Baltimore Safe Streets Intervention

Among youth 15 to 24 years of age, homicide and nonfatal shootings are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Urban youth’s attitudes and perceptions about the use of gun violence to resolve conflict present a major barrier to efforts to reduce gun homicides and nonfatal shootings. The current investigation extends the existing literature on attitudes toward guns and shootings among high-risk youth ages 18 to 24 by measuring perceived norms and viewpoints regarding gun violence in two analogous Baltimore City neighborhoods pre-implementation and 1-year post-implementation of the Safe Streets intervention (adapted from the CeaseFire/Cure Violence intervention). The Safe Streets intervention is designed for communities with high rates of gun violence and utilizes outreach workers to identify and build trusting relationships with youth ages 15 to 24 who are at greatest risk of being involved in gun violence. The outreach workers also position themselves in the community so that they can rapidly intervene in disputes that have the potential to lead to gun violence. Chi-squared tests and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were used to examine changes in attitudes toward gun violence 1 year after the implementation of the Safe Streets intervention. There was a statistically significantly improvement in 43 % of the attitudes assessed in the intervention community post-intervention compared to 13 % of the attitudes in the control community. There was a statistically significant improvement in the violent attitudes toward personal conflict resolution scale after implementation of the intervention in both the intervention (b = −0.522, p < 0.001) and control community (b = −0.204, p < 0.032). Exposure to the intervention (e.g., seeing stop shooting signs in your neighborhood) was also associated with the nonviolent attitudes toward conflict scale. Overall, the study found greater improvement in attitudes toward violence in the intervention community following the implementation of the Safe Streets program. These findings offer promising insights into future community violence prevention efforts.
Effects of Early Treatment with Antiserum to Ovine Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone on Gonadal Development in the Rat *†

Neonatal rats secrete considerable amounts of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) between 5 and 15 days of age. Antisera to LH and FSH were injected during this 11-day period in an attempt to study the importance of gonadotropins for functional development of the gonads. Autopsies at 15 days of age revealed normal ovarian follicular histology after either antiserum treatment, but antiserum to LH significantly retarded differentiation of interstitial tissue. Uterine weights were increased, and some of the serum samples showed elevated FSH levels following the antiserum treatments. The testes of antiserum-treated rats were heavier at 15 days of age, while accessory sex organ weights were unchanged. Vaginal opening after antiserum treatment was more variable than in controls, but tended to be earlier. The first appearance of penile serum was not significantly changed. Both males and females were fertile as adults. Important limitations to the use of chronic antiserum injections were found in immature rats. The antisera were present for at least 34 days after injection. The ways in which this pool of antiserum might have influenced the results are discussed.
Prioritizing Genes for Pathway Impact Using Network Analysis

Prioritization, or ranking, of gene lists is becoming increasingly important for analyzing data generated from high-throughput assays like expression profiling and RNAi-based screening. This is especially the case when specific genes in a list need to be further validated using low-throughput experiments. In addition to gene set overlap enrichment methods, a complementary approach is to examine molecular interaction networks. These can provide putative functional insights based on gene connectivity, especially when many genes contain little or no annotation. For bench and computational biologists alike, using networks requires an informed selection of interaction data for network construction and strategies for managing network complexity. Moreover, graph theory and social network analysis methods can be used to isolate critical subnetworks and quantify network properties. Here, I discuss the basic components of networks, implications of their structure for functional interpretation, and common metrics used for prioritization. Although this is still an ongoing area of research, networks are providing new ways for gauging pathway impact in large-scale data sets.
Long-term Expectations of Vagus Nerve Stimulation: A Look at Battery Replacement and Revision Surgery

Background Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an established surgical treatment for medically intractable epilepsy with more than 75 000 devices implanted worldwide. While there are many reports documenting efficacy, complications, and clinical use, there are very few reports concerning VNS battery replacement and revision surgeries. Objective To review our experience with VNS battery replacement and revision surgery. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 1144 consecutive VNS procedures performed by a single surgeon between 1998 and 2012. Six hundred forty-four of those procedures were the initial placement of the VNS device. These patients were then followed to determine when a battery change occurred and what type of revision or removal was necessary. Results In the study, 46% of patients required at least 1 or more type of battery replacement or revision surgery. The most common types of surgery were for generator battery depletion (27%), poor efficacy (9%), and lead malfunction (8%). Only 2% of patients were noted to have an infection. Conclusion VNS battery replacement, revisions, and removals account for almost one-half of all VNS procedures. Our findings suggest important long-term expectations for VNS including expected complications, battery life, and other surgical issues. Review of the literature suggests that this is the first large review of VNS revisions by a single center. Our findings are important to better characterize long-term surgical expectations of VNS therapy. A significant portion of patients undergoing VNS therapy will eventually require revision.
A Drive Reinforcement Model for Visual Perception

Neural networks have been used to mimic cognitive processes which take place in animal brains. The learning capability inherent in neural networks makes them suitable candidates for adaptive tasks such as formation of visual perception. Synaptic reinforcements creates a proper condition for adaptation, which results in memorization, formation of perception, and higher order information processing activities.
Arthroscopic Mumford Procedure Variation of Technique

Fifty-seven patients had arthroscopic Mumford procedures for acromioclavicular pain non-responsive to conservative treatment. Thirty-nine of these patients had concomitant rotator cuff repairs. All had significant improvement of their distal clavicular pain. Neither the amount nor the completeness of distal clavicle resection affected the results. Arthroscopic distal clavicle resection is a safe and effective method of alleviating acromioclavicular pain.
Accurate aging of juvenile salmonids using fork lengths

Abstract Juvenile salmon life history strategies, survival, and habitat interactions may vary by age cohort. However, aging individual juvenile fish using scale reading is time consuming and can be error prone. Fork length data are routinely measured while sampling juvenile salmonids. We explore the performance of aging juvenile fish based solely on fork length data, using finite Gaussian mixture models to describe multimodal size distributions and estimate optimal age-discriminating length thresholds. Fork length-based ages are compared against a validation set of juvenile coho salmon, Oncorynchus kisutch , aged by scales. Results for juvenile coho salmon indicate greater than 95% accuracy can be achieved by aging fish using length thresholds estimated from mixture models. Highest accuracy is achieved when aged fish are compared to length thresholds generated from samples from the same drainage, time of year, and habitat type (lentic versus lotic), although relatively high aging accuracy can still be achieved when thresholds are extrapolated to fish from populations in different years or drainages. Fork length-based aging thresholds are applicable for taxa for which multiple age cohorts coexist sympatrically. Where applicable, the method of aging individual fish is relatively quick to implement and can avoid ager interpretation bias common in scale-based aging.
Captured by Partners: Interorganizational Relationships and Fund Allocation Stability in United Way Systems

ABSTRACTWhile organizational systems are associated with innovation and adaptability, interorganizational relationships may be predisposed to stability. Using multinomial logit analysis, we test how resource dependencies affect system stability in local United Way (UW) systems between 2000 and 2010. We find strong support for the resource dependence argument. UW are less likely to drop larger, powerful partners that are strong fundraising partners. However, powerful, long-term partners not contributing to the strategic objectives of the UW system are more likely to experience a decrease in allocations. While powerful resource partners may capture the UW, UW systems continue to change through the addition of new partners and the reallocation of resources among long-term partners. However, context also affects the capacity for change. Larger UWs are more likely to add new partners and less likely to keep long-term partners.
Investigation of structural, optical, and electrical characteristics of an AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor structure across a 200 mm Si(1 1 1) substrate

An AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structure is grown on a 200 mm Si(1 1 1) substrate. The AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructure atop, which forms the 2D electron gas, is studied via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning tunneling microscopy, and TEM chemical analysis. To quantify the uniformity of structural, optical, and electrical properties of these AlGaN/GaN HEMT structures, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, atomic-force microscopy, x-ray diffraction (ω/2θ scan and reciprocal space mapping) and Hall effect measurements are employed across the center, middle, and edge of the 200 mm wafer. Small thickness (<3%) and Al-content (<3%) variations in (Al)GaN layers across the wafer are recorded whereas a considerable change (28%) in the electron mobility is observed across the wafer that correlates with variations in surface roughness, defectivity, and layer stress. We attribute the higher mobility in the middle of the wafer to lower interface scattering, thanks to lower surface roughness and less edge-type dislocation density. Additionally, argon (Ar) ion implantation is used as a means for planar electrical isolation, and a seven orders of magnitude decrease in leakage current is achieved when an optimum Ar dose of 1013 cm−2 is used. The feasibility of scaling AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on a 200 mm Si(1 1 1) platform is discussed.
Net Versus Gross National Income

From a conceptual point of view, for most purposes net figures on Domestic Product and National Income are to be preferred to gross figures. Nevertheless, in practice gross figures are most often used on the grounds of various arguments. In this paper, these arguments are challenged. Attention is paid to the reliability of capital consumption estimates and a sensitivity analysis is conducted from six OECD-countries.
Use of a shorter humeral stem in revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty

Background The purpose of this study was to examine the outcomes of revision reverse arthroplasty using short bone-preserving humeral components in revising a long-stemmed component. Methods During a 7-year period, 39 patients who underwent revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty using the long to short humeral component technique were included. The mean age was 72 years. Prior implants used in the primary setting included anatomic (n = 26), hemiarthroplasty (n = 11), and reverse (n = 2). Results At a follow-up of 3 years (2-5), 5 shoulders (13%) required revision surgery, including 1 for a periprosthetic humerus fracture and 4 for glenoid component loosening. The survival free of revision for any reason and revision for humeral disease was 84% and 94%, respectively. One patient experienced a nondisplaced greater tuberosity fracture at 18 months postoperatively that healed without operative intervention. There were no dislocations or infections. Overall, patients experienced excellent overall improvements in their pain levels and shoulder motion (P < .001), with a postoperative 91% satisfaction rate as well as postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score of 68 and Simple Shoulder Test score of 6.7. At most recent radiographic follow-up, 1 (5%) patient had grade 3 humeral lucency. Conclusions Preserving bone stock through conversion to a shorter reverse humeral stem in the revision setting is a reasonable option with good short- to intermediate-term results and low rates of humeral complications. Using the shorter stem components provides adequate stability and high rates of humeral component ingrowth.
Light scattering and transmission measurement using digital imaging for online analysis of constituents in milk

Milk is an emulsion of fat globules and casein micelles dispersed in an aqueous medium with dissolved lactose, whey proteins and minerals. Quantification of constituents in milk is important in various stages of the dairy supply chain for proper process control and quality assurance. In field-level applications, spectrophotometric analysis is an economical option due to the low-cost of silicon photodetectors, sensitive to UV/Vis radiation with wavelengths between 300 - 1100 nm. Both absorption and scattering are witnessed as incident UV/Vis radiation interacts with dissolved and dispersed constituents in milk. These effects can in turn be used to characterize the chemical and physical composition of a milk sample. However, in order to simplify analysis, most existing instrument require dilution of samples to avoid effects of multiple scattering. The sample preparation steps are usually expensive, prone to human errors and unsuitable for field-level and online analysis. This paper introduces a novel digital imaging based method of online spectrophotometric measurements on raw milk without any sample preparation. Multiple LEDs of different emission spectra are used as discrete light sources and a digital CMOS camera is used as an image sensor. The extinction characteristic of samples is derived from captured images. The dependence of multiple scattering on power of incident radiation is exploited to quantify scattering. The method has been validated with experiments for response with varying fat concentrations and fat globule sizes. Despite of the presence of multiple scattering, the method is able to unequivocally quantify extinction of incident radiation and relate it to the fat concentrations and globule sizes of samples.
Help Received During the Journal Article Writing Process: The Outcomes of Quality and Quantity

Archival data were collected on all articles published during 1988 across five targeted journals. Analyses revealed that receiving manuscript help in the form of feedback from peers was related to article quality, as measured by citations reported in the Social Science Citation Index over the five years following 1988. Receiving administrative help in the form of help with data collection, however, was unrelated to quantity, as measured by the number of articles published in the comparable five years following 1988. These results were found after controlling for several variables. Ofthe control variables, the number of publications in the five years prior to 1988 was the variable most consistently related to publishing quality and quantity.
Prophylactic sustained inflation is just one step to preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

I am glad to see that the Sustained Lung Inflation (SLI) trial (1) still draws a great deal of attention and I would like to clarify some aspects of the trial, in response to the comments by Gupta and Argarwal (2) in Acta Paediatrica. A meta-analysis carried out in 2016 demonstrated that starting non-invasive respiratory support from birth could reduce the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and death. However, about 50% of very low birth weight infants who are initially on nasal continuous positive airway pressure need subsequent intubation and mechanical ventilation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Research projects and secondary mathematics pre-service teachers’ sense of efficacy

ABSTRACTThis two-year study investigated the differences in the level and amounts of change in teaching efficacy of secondary pre-service mathematics teachers who completed one of two different research projects during a methods course. The first type, field research, involved a three day trip to an urban school to investigate successful mathematics teaching and learning from engaging directly with practitioners. For the second type, text-based research, participants remained on campus and investigated successful mathematics teaching and learning through text-based literature. Pre-service teachers were separated into two self-selected groups based on the type of research project they completed. The two types of research projects were focused and grounded one source of self-efficacy: vicarious experience. Within the possible vicarious experiences that inform pre-service teachers’ sense of efficacy, two are readily applicable for teacher educators: watching others teach followed by discussing results (field...
Ultraviolet laser transverse profile shaping for improving x-ray free electron laser performance

The photocathode rf gun is one of the most critical components in x-ray free electron lasers. The drive laser strikes the photocathode surface, which emits electrons with properties that depend on the shape of the drive laser. Most free electron lasers use photocathodes with work function in the ultraviolet, a wavelength where direct laser manipulation becomes challenging. In this paper, we present a novel application of a digital micromirror device (DMD) for the 253 nm drive laser at the Linear Coherent Light Source. Laser profile shaping is accomplished through an iterative algorithm that takes into account shaping error and efficiency. Next, we use laser shaping to control the X-ray laser output via an online optimizer, which shows improvement in FEL pulse energy. Lastly, as a preparation for electron beam shaping, we use the DMD to measure the photocathode quantum efficiency across cathode surface with an averaged laser rms spot size of $59\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$. Our experiments demonstrate promising outlook of using DMD to shape ultraviolet lasers for photocathode rf guns with various applications.
From “I Don’t Like Mondays” to “Pumped Up Kicks”: Rampage School Shootings in Young Adult Fiction and Young Adult Lives

This essay considers 12 books of contemporary young adult fiction, published in the United States between 2000 and 2016, with plots directly related to rampage school shootings. It compares the shooters’ psychological types, ages, races, genders, roles, motives and the narrative points of view in the books with dominant cultural scripts for rampage school shootings and explains how the fictional texts confirm, critique, or extend these scripts.
The Episodic Unconscious: Semicontrolled Unconscious Processing of Episodic and Affective Material

In this chapter, we begin to explore in psychobiological terms the Freudian concept of the dynamic unconscious. The question as to whether episodic material is continually processed at some unconscious level during the alert conscious state, during altered states of consciousness, in deep sleep, and during REM sleep is perhaps the most critical issue to be raised in this volume. Granted the importance of unconscious procedural operations, these hardly bear on the kinds of mental activities postulated in Freud’s “dynamic unconscious.” Procedural and structural operations are merely the processes through which the unstructured stuff of perceptions and behavioral reactivities are organized into manageable entities that can be utilized by the organism to cope efficiently with the demands of the internal and external milieus. In themselves, they do not transmit information; they merely encode that information so as to make it usable. At the opposite end of the stimulus—response spectrum, they organize and implement the motor responses that have been decided on by the conscious—unconscious self.
Social Organization and Male Residence Pattern in Phayre’s Leaf Monkeys

The genus Trachypithecus (Colobinae, Presbytini) has previously been characterized by one-male groups and both male and female dispersal. Occasionally, males may mature in their natal groups, resulting in so-called age-graded multi-male groups. Our long-term observations of a population of Phayre’s leaf monkeys (Trachypithecus phayrei crepusculus) in Thailand, while revealing values in group size and composition similar to other species, indicate a hitherto undescribed social organization, in which males mature and breed in their natal group or disperse and form new groups. Groups are not age-graded and multi-male groups are one phase of a dynamic social organization changing between multi-male and one-male constellations. The ways in which our views of the social organization of Phayre’s leaf monkeys changed over a period of eight years underscore the importance of long-term studies for a full understanding of the behavioral ecology of long-lived species like primates.
Green fluorescent protein tag for studies of drug-induced translocation of nucleolar protein RH-II/Gu.

We have constructed a human osteogenic sarcoma cell line, U-2 OS/GFPGu, that expresses nucleolar RNA helicase RH-II/Gu tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP). The presence of a GFP tag does no...
Routine Postoperative Laboratory Tests Are Not Necessary After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Postoperative laboratory testing has been used routinely for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, with modern-day improvements in perioperative care pathways, it is unclear whether this practice remains justified. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of routine postoperative laboratory tests in primary THA. Methods The electronic medical records of 351 patients who underwent primary, unilateral THA between 2015 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcomes were the rates of acute blood loss anemia requiring transfusion, acute kidney injury (AKI), electrolyte abnormalities, and 90-day emergency department visits or readmissions. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was also performed to identify the risk factors associated with abnormal laboratory values. Results Seventy-four patients (21%) had abnormal postoperative laboratory results, of which 82.4% were exclusively due to electrolyte (sodium or potassium) abnormalities. Factors associated with electrolyte abnormalities were abnormal baseline electrolyte levels (P Conclusion This study provides evidence that routine postoperative laboratory testing is not necessary in modern-day primary, unilateral THA. Instead, the decision to obtain laboratory tests after surgery should be driven by patients’ risk factors.
Postsurgical Pain Syndromes

As cancer survival has improved, the number of patients suffering from the debilitating, painful after effects of cancer treatment has increased. Almost 50% of patients undergoing cancer-related surgery involving damage to a major peripheral nerve will develop chronic neuropathic pain. The well-known therapeutic limitations targeting already established neuropathic pain argue for intense investigation into preventive analgesics. Recent advances in our understanding of neuropathic pain mechanisms may allow effective preventive therapy in the near future.
Abstract 451: Impact of Resistant Starch Diet on Atherosclerosis in the Presence of Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 10% (1 of 10) of the worldwide population and is associated with a significantly increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to ...
Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the United States Food System: Current and Healthy Diet Scenarios

We estimate the impact on greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) of shifting from the current average United States diet to four alternative diets that meet the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA)...
A combinatorial calculation of the Landau–Ginzburg model $$M={\mathbb {C}}^{3},W=z_1 z_2 z_3$$ M = C 3 , W = z 1 z 2 z 3

The aim of this paper is to apply ideas from the study of Legendrian singularities to a specific example of interest within mirror symmetry. We calculate the Landau–Ginzburg A-model with \(M={\mathbb {C}}^{3},W=z_1 z_2 z_3\) in its guise as microlocal sheaves along the natural singular Lagrangian thimble \(L={\hbox {Cone}}(T^2)\subset M\). The description we obtain is immediately equivalent to the B-model of the pair-of-pants \(\mathbb {P}^{1}{\setminus }\{0,1,\infty \}\) as predicted by mirror symmetry.
WOx/g-C3N4 layered heterostructures with controlled crystallinity towards superior photocatalytic degradation and H2 generation

Abstract The construction of g-C3N4 layered heterostructure is crucial to enhance charge carrier separation and expand the photo-adsorption in visible light region. Herein, amorphous and crystalline g-C3N4 nanosheets are produced by adjusting the thermal polycondensation process of precursors. WOx nanobelts are horizontally grown on ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets, resulting in the formation of WOx/g-C3N4 layered heterostructures rather than composites. The composition of WOx (WO3, WO2, W18O49) depends strongly on the preparation conditions (e.g. the amount of ascorbic acid). The compositions of WOx and crystallinity of g–C3N4 affect the performance of the heterostructures with the best activity obtained on W18O49/g-C3N4 layered heterostructures. Amorphous W18O49/g-C3N4 layered heterostructures reveal enhanced photocatalytic performance (more than 4 times the performance of g-C3N4), while crystalline W18O49/g-C3N4 layered heterostructure exhibits superior hydrogen generation in visible light region (nearly 7 times higher compared with that of g-C3N4). The results indicate the promising potential of W18O49/g-C3N4 layered heterostructures as superior photocatalysts for degradation and H2 generation.
D3BA: A Tool for Optimizing Business Processes Using Non-Deterministic Planning

This paper builds upon recent work in the declarative design of dialogue agents and proposes an exciting new tool -- D3BA -- Declarative Design for Digital Business Automation, built to optimize business processes using the power of AI planning. The tool provides a powerful framework to build, optimize, and maintain complex business processes and optimize them by composing with services that automate one or more subtasks. We illustrate salient features of this composition technique, compare with other philosophies of composition, and highlight exciting opportunities for research in this emerging field of business process automation.
A new way to visualize and report structural and data uncertainty in stock assessments

We present a visual and tabular representation of fisheries stock assessment model outputs to rapidly examine and effectively communicate sensitivity analysis results from numerous alternative mode...
On Finding Shortest Paths in Arc-Dependent Networks

This paper is concerned with the design and analysis of algorithms for the arc-dependent shortest path (ADSP) problem. A network is said to be arc-dependent if the cost of an arc a depends upon the arc taken to enter a. These networks are fundamentally different from traditional networks in which the cost associated with an arc is a fixed constant and part of the input. The ADSP problem is also known as the suffix-1 path-dependent shortest path problem in the literature. This problem has a polynomial time solution if the shortest paths are not required to be simple. The ADSP problem finds applications in a number of domains including highway engineering, turn penalties and prohibitions, and fare rebates. In this paper, we are interested in the ADSP problem when restricted to simple paths. We call this restricted version the simple arc-dependent shortest path (SADSP) problem. We show that the SADSP problem is NP-complete. We present inapproximability results and an exact exponential algorithm for this problem. Additionally, we explore the problem of detecting negative cost cycles in arc-dependent networks and discuss its algorithmic complexity.
How Does the Super Bowl Affect Host City Tourism

This paper uses a unique dataset containing more than eight years of daily data to examine the effect of the Super Bowl on hotel room rentals, rates, and room revenue in four recent host cities. Th...
Early Life Adversity as a Moderator of Symptom Change following Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Early Life Adversity (ELA) is consistently linked to chronic, treatment-resistant depression and anxiety. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) represent the two first-line treatments for internalizing disorders. However, little is known about the efficacy of these therapies for individuals with ELA, particularly within heterogeneous cohorts of patients with high levels of comorbidity. Treatment seeking adults with depression and/or anxiety were randomized to twelve weeks of SSRI (n = 46) or CBT (n = 50), and internalizing disorder symptoms were assessed pre- and post-treatment. Individuals with and without ELA were included. Both SSRI and CBT resulted in reductions in internalizing symptoms, as expected. A significant ELA by treatment type interaction for depression, but not anxiety, also emerged. Individuals with a positive history of ELA had a greater reduction in depression symptoms following SSRIs compared with CBT. In contrast, individuals with a negative history of ELA had a greater reduction in depression symptoms following CBT compared with SSRIs. Findings suggest that SSRIs may be particularly effective for individuals with ELA and CBT may be particularly effective for individuals without ELA in reducing depression, but not anxiety, symptoms. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
PSEUDOCHARACTERS OF HOMOMORPHISMS INTO CLASSICAL GROUPS

A GLd-pseudocharacter is a function from a group Γ to a ring k satisfying polynomial relations that make it “look like” the character of a representation. When k is an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0, Taylor proved that GLd-pseudocharacters of Γ are the same as degree-d characters of Γ with values in k, hence are in bijection with equivalence classes of semisimple representations Γ → GLd(k). Recently, V. Lafforgue generalized this result by showing that, for any connected reductive group H over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic 0 and for any group Γ, there exists an infinite collection of functions and relations which are naturally in bijection with H(k)-conjugacy classes of semisimple homomorphisms Γ→ H(k). In this paper, we reformulate Lafforgue's result in terms of a new algebraic object called an FFG algebra. We then define generating sets and generating relations for these objects and show that, for all H as above, the corresponding FFG-algebra is finitely presented up to radical. Hence one can always define H-pseudocharacters consisting of finitely many functions satisfying finitely many relations. Next, we use invariant theory to give explicit finite presentations up to radical of the FFG-algebras for (general) orthogonal groups, (general) symplectic groups, and special orthogonal groups. Finally, we use our pseudocharacters to answer questions about conjugacy vs. element-conjugacy of homomorphisms, following Larsen.
Fake it Till You Make it: Self-Supervised Semantic Shifts for Monolingual Word Embedding Tasks

The use of language is subject to variation over time as well as across social groups and knowledge domains, leading to differences even in the monolingual scenario. Such variation in word usage is often called lexical semantic change (LSC). The goal of LSC is to characterize and quantify language variations with respect to word meaning, to measure how distinct two language sources are (that is, people or language models). Because there is hardly any data available for such a task, most solutions involve unsupervised methods to align two embeddings and predict semantic change with respect to a distance measure. To that end, we propose a self-supervised approach to model lexical semantic change by generating training samples by introducing perturbations of word vectors in the input corpora. We show that our method can be used for the detection of semantic change with any alignment method. Furthermore, it can be used to choose the landmark words to use in alignment and can lead to substantial improvements over the existing techniques for alignment. We illustrate the utility of our techniques using experimental results on three different datasets, involving words with the same or different meanings. Our methods not only provide significant improvements but also can lead to novel findings for the LSC problem.
Strategies for Health: a game-based, interprofessional approach to teaching social determinants of health: a randomized controlled pilot study

Knowledge of social determinants of health (SDH) can help students reduce health disparities and advance health equity and quality of life. This pilot study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Strategies for Health, an interprofessional game, in improving student knowledge regarding SDH as well as attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration when compared to or combined with didactic coursework. A mixed methods approach was utilized. Participants (N = 42) were divided into one of four groups: Control (A), gameplay (B), didactic module (C), and a combined didactic module followed by gameplay (D). Data was collected using a knowledge base test of SDH, the Interprofessional Attitudes Scale (IPAS), and qualitative feedback during gameplay and debriefing. SDH results indicated no significant differences within groups, but a combined pre-post indicated a significant improvement among Group D (p = .04). IPAS results indicated a statistically significant improvement in interprofessional attitudes of teamwork, roles, and responsibilities among Groups B and D. A combination of didactic learning and gameplay was the most effective approach to improving and maintaining SDH knowledge and attitudes toward IPE over time. These findings inform the need for interprofessional curricula that aim to improve health outcomes and advance health equity.
A BERIBERI UNHEALTHY LATTE: ENCEPHALOPATHY AND SHOCK FROM SEVERE NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY.

Abstract Background Thiamine deficiency is an uncommon cause of severe illness in the United States that can lead to significant morbidity because of high-output cardiac failure, peripheral neuropathy, and permanent neurologic impairment. We report the case of a middle-aged woman with extreme malnutrition caused by complications of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery who presented with signs and symptoms of severe thiamine deficiency and septic shock. Case Report: A 43-year-old woman who had undergone RYGB surgery and who had multiple complications presented to the emergency department with agitation, confusion, and lethargy. The physical examination revealed an obtunded woman appearing much older than her reported age with significant peripheral edema. She was hypoxemic, hypotensive, and febrile. The initial laboratory analysis revealed a serum lactate level above the measurable limit, a normal thyroid-stimulating hormone, and elevated levels of troponin and brain natriuretic peptide. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed high-output heart failure. The patient's family later revealed that for the past year her diet had consisted almost exclusively of frozen blended lattes. High doses of thiamine and folate were started. Her shock, hyperlactatemia, and respiratory failure resolved by hospital day 3 and her encephalopathy resolved soon thereafter. Why Should an Emergency Physician be Aware of This?: Thiamine deficiency is a rare but reversible cause of shock, heart failure, and encephalopathy. Identifying patients who are at risk for severe nutritional deficiencies may aid in more rapid treatment with relatively benign medications with little downside, in this case high-dose vitamin B1, and ultimately improve patient-oriented outcomes such as mortality, morbidity, and hospital length of stay.