cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scholarship Without Shame

Mr. Hershel Shanks, a Washington lawyer and publisher of popular magazines on biblical archaeology and on Judaism, has edited and published a book that packages a stylish idea. It appeals to the intriguing premise that in antiquity Judaism and Christianity had parallel histories. In an age in which two religious communities seek to overcome ages of mutual hostility, this is an attractive model. But is it a valid one? It would be if we dealt with two simple entities, and if those entities took shape under roughly comparable conditions, out of a shared set of premises, within a congruent set of historical models. But late antiquity's Judaism was exceptionally rich and complex, so that the data scarcely sustain the premise of a single, uniform, coherent, normative, Jewish religion, much less the cumulative and linear history of such a religion. The history of early Christianity is the story of rechtglaubigkeit und ketzerei, in Walter Bauer's felicitous phrase, and even though, in H.E.W. Turner's eloquent response, we may discern a pattern of Christian truth, it is not a truth of this world. The simplest facts of what in hindsight scholarship now identifies as "Judaism" and "Christianity" in antiquity makes the design of this book puzzling and renders the collaboration of reputable scholars in this project incomprehensible.
Governing Parameter Changes in Nonlinear Parameter-Dependent Optimization Problems

The paper treats a class of parameter-dependent optimization/root finding problems where the minimizer or a real root need to be determined as a function of parameter. Applications of parameter-dependent optimization include spacecraft debris avoidance, adaptive control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles, engine mapping and model predictive control. In these and other problems, the parameter changes can be controlled either directly or indirectly. In this paper, the error analysis of a dynamic predictor-corrector Newton’s type algorithm is presented. Based on this analysis, an approach to govern the changes in the parameter to enable the algorithm to track the minimizer within an acceptable error bound is described. Two simulation examples are presented. In the first example the objective is to minimize the distance between points on a curve and a given set and simultaneously move as fast as possible along the given curve. In the second example we illustrate the use of this technique for aircraft flight envelope estimation. Specifically, we estimate maximum speed of an aircraft as a function of its altitude and flight path angle.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Studies on site directed mutant pig citrate synthases.

Abstract The DNAs encoding the non-mutant and mutant forms of pig citrate synthase (PCS) were subcloned into an expression system to determine their synthesis and stability in E. coli gltA cells that are defective in bacterial citrate synthase. GltA cells that expressed the non-mutant PCS DNA grew on defined minimal acetate media and produced a constant level of PCS (0.43 U/mg protein). In contrast, when the gltA cells were transformed with the DNA encoding PCS mutations in His274 or Asp375 the cells did not grow on minimal acetate media. The presence of the mutant PCS proteins in E. coli was confirmed by protein blot and immunoisolation analyses using an antibody specific for porcine heart citrate synthase. The activities of the mutant PCS enzymes were two orders of magnitude less than the non-mutant enzyme in the total cell lysates. The data indicate that the active site amino acids, His274 and Asp375, are essential for the catalysis activity of citrate synthase.
Using video analysis to support prospective K-8 teachers’ noticing of students’ multiple mathematical knowledge bases

As part of a larger research project aimed at transforming preK-8 mathematics teacher preparation, the purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which prospective teachers notice children’s competencies related to children’s mathematical thinking, and children’s community, cultural, and linguistic funds of knowledge or what we refer to as children’s multiple mathematical knowledge bases. Teachers’ noticing supports students’ learning in deep and meaningful ways. Researchers designed and enacted a video analysis activity with prospective teachers in their mathematics methods course. The activity served as a decomposition of practice in order to support prospective teachers in engaging in an approximation of the practice of noticing. Our findings showed that prospective teachers evidenced noticing of mathematics teaching and learning as early as the mathematics methods course. We also found that the prompts and structure of the activity supported prospective teachers by increasing their depth of noticing and their foci in noticing, moving from attending primarily to teacher moves (and merely describing what they saw) to becoming aware of significant interactions (and interpreting effects of these interactions on learning). Implications for teacher educators interested in designing and enacting activities to support noticing are discussed.
Frontal Sinus Fractures in Children

Objective: To review the epidemiologic characteristics, clinical course, and management of pediatric patients with frontal sinus fractures. Methods: Retrospective review of 120 patients with maxillofacial fractures who presented to a tertiary children's hospital from 1998 to 2003 revealed 11 patients with frontal sinus fractures. Results: The study group included 9 males and 2 females with a mean age of 9.7 (range 4–14) years. The most common mechanisms of injury were unrestrained motor vehicle accident and all-terrain vehicle accident. All patients suffered concomitant orbital fractures. Other maxillofacial fractures included sphenoid (4), naso-orbitoethmoid (3), midface (2), and mandible (1). Seven (63.6%) patients sustained significant intracranial injuries including intraparenchymal hemorrhage, expanding pneumocephalus, and subdural hematoma. The average age of patients with intracranial injury was younger than those without intracranial injury (8.1 vs. 12.8 years, P = .025). Four patients had a total of six sites of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. The most common sites of dural injury were the cribriform area (4) and frontal region (2). All patients with CSF leaks had significant intracranial injuries and required bifrontal craniotomy. Conclusions: Pediatric frontal sinus fractures are likely to involve other maxillofacial injuries, particularly involving the orbit. Frontal sinus fractures in children are associated with increased risk of serious intracranial injury and CSF leak when compared with adults. The most common site of dural injury was the cribriform area. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to manage concomitant injuries, obtain separation of the sinonasal tract from intracranial contents, and to restore cosmesis to the brow.
Nerve Growth Factor Potentiates p53 DNA Binding but Inhibits Nitric Oxide-Induced Apoptosis in Neuronal PC12 Cells

NGF is recognized for its role in neuronal differentiation and maintenance. Differentiation of PC12 cells by NGF involves p53, a transcription factor that controls growth arrest and apoptosis. We investigated NGF influence over p53 activity during NO-induced apoptosis by sodium nitroprusside in differentiated and mitotic PC12 cells. NGF-differentiation produced increased p53 levels, nuclear localization and sequence-specific DNA binding. Apoptosis in mitotic cells also produced these events but the accompanying activation of caspases 1-10 and mitochondrial depolarization were inhibited during NGF differentiation and could be reversed in p53-silenced cells. Transcriptional regulation of PUMA and survivin expression were not inhibited by NGF, although NO-induced mitochondrial depolarization was dependent upon de novo gene transcription and only occurred in mitotic cells. We conclude that NGF mediates prosurvival signaling by increasing factors such as Bcl-2 and p21(Waf1/Cip1) without altering p53 transcriptional activity to inhibit mitochondrial depolarization, caspase activation and apoptosis.
Reduced dietary potassium reversibly enhances vasopressor response to stress in African Americans.

Abstract Acute vasopressor responses to stress are adrenergically mediated and hence potentially subject to differential modulation by dietary potassium and sodium. The greater vasopressor responsiveness in blacks compared with whites might then be consequent not only to a high dietary salt intake but also to a marginally reduced dietary potassium intake. Under controlled metabolic conditions, we compared acute vasopressor responses to cold and mental stress in black and white normotensive men during three successive dietary periods: (1) while dietary potassium was reduced (30 mmol K + /70 kg per day) and salt was restricted (10 to 14 days); (2) while salt was loaded (15 to 250 mmol Na + /70 kg per day) (7 days); and (3) while salt loading was continued and potassium was either supplemented (70 mmol K + /70 kg per day) (7 to 21 days) in 9 blacks and 6 whites or continued reduced (30 mmol K + /70 kg per day) (28 days) in 4 blacks (time controls). At the lower potassium intake, cold-induced increase in forearm vascular resistance in blacks was twice that in whites during both salt restriction and salt loading. Normalization of dietary potassium attenuated cold-induced increases in both forearm vascular resistance and systolic and diastolic blood pressures in blacks but only in systolic pressure in whites. In blacks but not in whites, normalization of dietary potassium attenuated mental stress–induced increases in systolic and diastolic pressures. In normotensive blacks but not whites, a marginally reduced dietary intake of potassium reversibly enhances adrenergically mediated vasopressor responsiveness to stress. That responsiveness so enhanced over time might contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension in blacks.
Genetic and functional complexity of inherited retinal degeneration

Recent findings emphasize the complexity, both genetic and functional, of the manifold genes and mutations causing inherited retinal degeneration in humans. Knowledge of the genetic bases of these diseases can contribute to design of rational therapy, as well as elucidating the function of each gene product in normal visual processes.
Clarifying the Concept of Androgyny: Implications for Therapy

Logical inconsistencies between Bem's theoretical and empirical definitions of androgyny are discussed. It is pointed out that one can be high in both masculine and feminine traits but that these can be expressed in inappropriate, inflexible, and dysfunctional ways. Case materials illustrative of this situation are presented. Androgyny defined as an equal balance of masculinity and femininity is portrayed on an initial, dualistic notion of androgyny, which is a precursor to a more advanced, hybrid androgynous state. Some issues involved in conceptualizing androgyny in hybrid terms are delineated, along with requisite considerations for the clinician in utilizing this model of androgyny.
The role of an information and referral service in the selection of child care

Abstract The purpose of child care information and referral (I & R) agencies is to link providers and parents, furnishing information that enables the latter to make informed decisions about placements. This investigation evaluated one I & R agency in order to determine what segment of the population used its services and whether the information it provided was useful. The subjects were parents who had called the agency during a specified five-week period. Results indicated that although the services of the agency were rated quite highly, most parents did not effectively use the information to reach informed decisions. Implications of these results for the development of more effective I & R services are discussed.
Gender differences in new brand name response

Conventional guidelines for naming new products overlook possible individual-level differences that may affect response to new brand names. This research draws on sound symbolism theory to investigate whether gender affects response to new brand names. Specifically, two studies are conducted to examine whether females respond more favorably than males to brand names with front vowels and whether males respond more favorably than females to brand names with back vowels. Results indicate that gender is associated with brand name response and that the gender asymmetries appear to be more pronounced in product categories where masculinity–femininity is a more salient product attribute. An implication is that gender targeting can be facilitated through the use of particular letters in brand names.
Functional gene hybridization patterns of terrestrial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria

The biochemical pathway and genetics of autotrophic ammonia oxidation have been studied almost exclusively in Nitrosomonas europaea. Terrestrial autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AAOs), however, comprise two distinct phylogenetic groups in the β-Proteobacteria, the Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira groups. Hybridization patterns were used to assess the potential of functional probes in non-PCR-based molecular analysis of natural AAO populations and their activity. The objective of this study was to obtain an overview of functional gene homologies by hybridizing probes derived from N. europaea gene sequences ranging in size from 0.45 to 4.5 kb, and labeled with 32P to Southern blots containing genomic DNA from four Nitrosospira representatives. Probes were specific for genes encoding ammonia monooxygenase (amoA and amoB), hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (hao), and cytochrome c-554 (hcy). These probes produced hybridization signals, at low stringency (30°C), with DNA from each of the four representatives; signals at higher stringency (42°C) were greatly reduced or absent. The hybridization signals at low stringency ranged from 20 to 76% of the total signal obtained with N. europaea DNA. These results indicate that all four functional genes in the ammonia oxidation pathway have diverged between the Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira groups. The hao probe produced the most consistent hybridization intensities among the Nitrosospira representatives, suggesting that hao sequences would provide the best probes for non-PCR-based molecular analysis of terrestrial AAOs. Since N. europaea can also denitrify, an additional objective was to hybridize genomic DNA from AAOs with probes for Pseudomonas genes involved in denitrification. These probes were specific for genes encoding heme-type dissimilatory nitrite reductase (dNir), Cu-type dNir, and nitrous oxide reductase (nosz). No hybridization signals were observed from probes for the heme-type dNir or nosz, but Nitrosospira sp. NpAV and Nitrosolobus sp. 24-C hybridized, under low-stringency conditions, with the Cu-type dNir probe. These results indicate that AAOs may also differ in their mechanisms and capacities for denitrification.
Concerning Winters of Discontent: Does Methodology or Rhetoric Contain the Answer to a Possible Malaise?

There is a German legend concerning the Tausendfuss (only somewhat less hyperbolised in English as the centipede). Although not exactly swift, the Tausendfuss does get around. How it manages the necessary coordination can be a matter of no small interest. Unable to figure out the answer on any other basis, one investigator decided to ask a representative Tausendfuss. Given this task of self‐reflection, the Tausendfuss rose to the level of his interrogator's confusion and never walked again.
Roles for the Lipid-signaling enzyme MitoPLD in mitochondrial dynamics, piRNA biogenesis, and spermatogenesis

Phospholipase D (PLD), a superfamily of signaling enzymes that most commonly generate the lipid second messenger Phosphatidic Acid (PA), is found in diverse organisms from bacteria to man and functions in multiple cellular pathways. A fascinating member of the family, MitoPLD, is anchored to the mitochondrial surface and has two reported roles. In the first role, MitoPLD-generated PA regulates mitochondrial shape through facilitating mitochondrial fusion. In the second role, MitoPLD performs a critical function in a pathway that creates a specialized form of RNAi required by developing spermatocytes to suppress transposon mobilization during meiosis. This spermatocyte-specific RNAi, known as piRNA, is generated in the nuage, an electron-dense accumulation of RNA templates and processing proteins that localize adjacent to mitochondria in a structure also called intermitochondrial cement. In this review, we summarize recent findings on these roles for MitoPLD functions, highlighting directions that need to be pursued to define the underlying mechanisms.
Genetic transmission of isoapolipoprotein E phenotypes in a large kindred: relationship to dysbetalipoproteinemia and hyperlipidemia.

Abstract The largest reported kindred of a proband with type III hyperlipoproteinemia was investigated by assessment of lipid and lipoprotein levels and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) isoapolipoprotein E distributions in all accessible family members (56% of the 124 living blood relatives and 59% of the 37 spouses). The results confirm in this kindred a trimodal distribution of apoE3/E2 ratios, and segregation analysis of 16 informative matings classified according to E 3 E 2 ratio demonstrated classical Mendelian inheritance of the autosomal codominant type: the E 3 E 2 ratio is determined by two alleles, apoE3d and apoE3n, which produce three phenotypes apoE3-D, apoE3-ND, and apoE3-N, corresponding to the low, intermediate, and high modes, respectively. Vertical transmission of the apoE3-D phenotype occurred in two branches of the second generation. In both instances this represented pseudodominance; i.e., products of heterozygous (apoE3-ND) × homozygous (apoE3-D) matings. Hyperlipidemia (defined as a low density lipoprotein cholesterol and/or plasma triglyceride level exceeding the respective age-, sex-, and sex-steroid-specific 95th percentiles derived from Lipid Research Clinics population studies) was present in 15 blood relatives in multiple lipoprotein patterns, consistent with the presence of familial combined hyperlipidemia in this kindred. Eight of nine members with the apoE3-D phenotype had either type III hyperlipoproteinemia or, in the absence of hyperlipidemia, β-VLDL and at least marginally cholesterol-rich VLDL (VLDL-cholesterol/plasma triglyceride >0.25) (defined as dysbetalipoproteinemia). The ninth such member, the only child with this phenotype, was normal. β-VLDL and marginally cholesterol-rich VLDL was seen in but one of six hyperlipidemic family members of phenotype apoE3-ND, in none of seven hyperlipidemic blood relatives of phenotype apoE3-N, in no normolipidemic family members of phenotype apoE3-ND or apoE3-N, and in no spouses (three of whom were hyperlipidemic and nine of phenotype apoE3-ND). Thus, among adult members of the O'D kindred the apo3-D phenotype was nearly specifically associated with dysbetalipoproteinemia or, when hyperlipidemia was present, type III hyperlipoproteinemia.
Monte Carlo predictions for the phase behavior of H2 S+n-alkane, H2 S+CO2, CO2+CH4 and H2 S+CO2+CH4 mixtures

Abstract Phase diagrams for binary mixtures of H 2 S+ n -alkanes, H 2 S+CO 2 , CO 2 +CH 4 and a ternary mixture containing H 2 S, CH 4 and CO 2 are determined with atomistic simulations. Pressure–composition diagrams for each of the binary mixtures are determined with configurational-bias Monte Carlo simulations in the grand canonical ensemble, combined with histogram-reweighting techniques. Overall, the predicted phase diagrams for the H 2 S+ n -alkanes and CO 2 +CH 4 mixtures are found to be in excellent agreement with experiment, while significant deviations are found between simulation and experiment for the H 2 S+CO 2 mixture. Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations are used to determine the ternary phase diagram for the H 2 S+CH 4 +CO 2 mixture at 310.93 K and 41.3 bar. Comparison of simulation to experiment shows a close agreement at the temperature and pressure studied in this work.
Effect of thermal variables on frozen human primary prostatic adenocarcinoma cells

Abstract Objectives Recent advances in imaging technology and cryotechnology have rekindled interest in prostate cryosurgery. Cryosurgery, however, cannot be applied precisely without knowing how the thermal variables used during the procedure affect tissue destruction. The goal of this article is to provide quantitative values for the relationship between thermal variables during freezing and the destruction of human primary prostatic adenocarcinoma cells. Methods Human primary prostatic adenocarcinoma cells were frozen with controlled thermal parameters, using a directional solidification apparatus. Cell viability was determined after thawing, using trypan blue and a two-dye fluorescent test and correlated to the thermal variables used during freezing. Results Human primary prostatic adenocarcinoma cells are damaged by intracellular chemical damage when frozen with cooling rates lower than 5°C/min and by intracellular ice formation when frozen with cooling rates higher than 25°C/min. A double freeze/thaw cycle is required to ensure complete cell destruction at high subzero temperatures, which must be lower than −40°C for the low cooling rates and lower than −19°C for the higher cooling rate. Conclusions Haphazard freezing does not necessarily destroy tissue during cryosurgery; however, quantitative data on the relation between thermal variables and frozen cell destruction can provide the means for performing cryosurgery more precisely and with greater control over the outcome of the procedure.
Electrical and Optical Properties of Vitreous Selenium

The space-charge limited current-voltage characteristics of evaporated layers of vitreous selenium from 2.4 to 60 \ensuremath{\mu} thick are described. It is shown that both an exponential and a Gaussian distribution of states will explain these characteristics. An analytic solution is derived for the case of the exponential distribution of states: $N(\ensuremath{\epsilon})={N}_{0}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}$, where ${N}_{0}$ is the density of states at the valence band edge which is taken to be the origin of energy. This solution, with ${N}_{0}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{20}$ eV and $\ensuremath{\Delta}=0.067$ eV, will account for the characteristics of all the specimens independent of thickness. The model will also account for the results of the optical absorption, electron bombardment, quenching, and positive and negative photoresponse experiments of other workers. It is not possible to obtain an analytic solution for any of these cases for a Gaussian distribution of states: $N(E)={N}_{0}\mathrm{exp}{\ensuremath{-}\frac{{(E\ensuremath{-}{E}_{max})}^{2}}{{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{2}}}$. However, it is shown that the distribution in energy of these states with ${E}_{max}=2.35$ eV and $\ensuremath{\Delta}=0.25$ eV fits the experimental results as well as does the exponential distribution. A Gaussian distribution of states would be expected theoretically in a disordered material such as vitreous selenium.
Randomness in ontogeny. On antennal grooming in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus

Milkweed bugs (Oncopeltus fasciatus, Lygaeidae) groom the distal segment of each antenna between the tibial combs of both forelegs. Variable numbers of grooming strokes compose a grooming bout. A total of 112 spontaneous grooming bouts, comprising all developmental stages, were videotaped, the angular movements of the forelegs were digitized, and the outcomes computer-analyzed. Individual strokes of forelegs were measured by their angular amplitude and mean angular elevation. These two measures are randomly combined in the first instar and then differentiate during ontogeny into two distinct types: small amplitude strokes of high average elevation and large amplitude strokes of lower average elevation. The sequencing of small and large strokes within bouts is largely (97%) random in all developmental stages. The outcome of the analysis fits the general empirical rule that premature action patterns are more random than mature ones. Some traits do not follow this rule and are persistently highly random. It is suggested that excessive randomness in premature behavior is due to genetic underdetermination, and that incorporation of non-genetic information helps to specify the less random mature behavior. Developmentally persistent behavioral randomness is explained by the behavioral-entropy principle: traits in behavior vary randomly unless randomness is selected against.
Loss of heterozygosity, aberrant methylation, BRAF mutation and KRAS mutation in colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma

The relationship of molecular abnormalities with clinicopathologic features and survival in colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma, and its comparison with mucinous and conventional adenocarcinomas, has not been well studied. High-level microsatellite instability, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at four loci, CpG island methylation phenotype based on seven loci, BRAF V600E mutation and KRAS mutation in signet ring cell carcinoma were compared with mucinous and conventional adenocarcinomas. The relationship of these molecular features in signet ring cell carcinoma with clinicopathologic features and survival was examined. LOH was observed in 93% of signet ring cell carcinomas compared with 62 and 70% of mucinous and conventional adenocarcinomas. Also, 80% of signet ring cell carcinomas with high-level microsatellite instability showed LOH compared with 14% each of mucinous and conventional adenocarcinomas. High-level microsatellite instability, CpG island methylation phenotype-positive status and BRAF V600E mutation were more often seen in signet ring cell carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma compared with conventional adenocarcinoma. BRAF V600E mutation was significantly associated with CpG island methylation phenotype-positive status. Stage and BRAF V600E mutation in microsatellite-stable cases were the only variables with an affect on survival. In conclusion, chromosomal instability manifested by LOH is nearly a universal finding in signet ring cell carcinoma, including cases with high-level microsatellite instability. This may explain the aggressive behavior of signet ring cell carcinoma irrespective of high-level microsatellite-instability status. BRAF V600E mutation and CpG island methylation phenotype-positive status are similar in signet ring cell carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma but more frequent when compared with conventional adenocarcinoma. In signet ring cell carcinoma, BRAF V600E mutation adversely affects survival in microsatellite-stable tumors, but not in high-level microsatellite-unstable tumors. The high frequency of methylation and BRAF V600E mutation suggests that many signet ring cell carcinomas may be related to the serrated pathway of carcinogenesis.
Painters, Blacksmiths and Wordsmiths: Building Molues in Lagos

Damola Osinulu he coastal Nigerian city of Lagos has received much attention from urban planners, geographers, ALL PHOTOS BY AUTHOR EXCEPT WHERE OTHERWISE NOTED | architects, and journalists for its phenomenal and unchecked growth (Packer 2006, Koolhaas 2000). The population is estimated to have grown to as *much as 15 million in 2002, from 25,000 in 1866 and 230,000 in 1950 (Koolhaas 2000:652, Echeruo 1977:30, Mabo
Mitral valve prolapse: Jet stream causing mural endocarditis

A 53 year old man died of cerebral hemorrhage while being treated for Streptococcus mutans endocarditis. At autopsy the only endocarditic lesion was on the left atrial mural endocardium. The noninfected mitral valve demonstrated prolapse and mucinous degeneration. The latter had led to rupture of several chordae tendineae, with the resultant jet stream predisposing to endocarditis at its point of atrial impact. The case provides confirmation of current concepts of the pathogenesis of endocarditis and has important therapeutic implications.
Quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics simulation study of dimethyl carbonate: ethylene carbonate electrolytes doped with LiPF6.

Quantum chemistry studies of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) complexes with Li+ and LiPF6 have been conducted. We found that Li+ complexation significantly stabilizes the highly polar cis−trans DMC conformation relative to the nearly nonpolar gas-phase low energy cis−cis conformer. As a consequence, the binding of Li+ to EC in the gas phase is not as favorable relative to binding to DMC as previously reported. Furthermore, quantum chemistry studies reveal that, when complexation of LiPF6 ion pairs is considered, the DMC/LiPF6 complex is about 1 kcal/mol more stable than the EC/LiPF6 complex. The EC3DMC(cis−cis)/Li+ complex was found to be the most energetically stable among ECnDMCm/Li+ (n + m = 4) investigated complexes followed by EC4/Li+. Results of the quantum chemistry studies of these complexes were utilized in the development of a many-body polarizable force field for EC:DMC/LiPF6 electrolytes. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of EC/LiPF6, DMC/LiPF6, and mixed solvent EC:DMC/...
Fate of long-term survivors of Mustard procedure (inflow repair) for simple and complex transposition of the great arteries.

Abstract Between 1967 and 1976, 106 children with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) (55 simple, 51 complex) survived the Mustard procedure. Late death occurred in 8 patients (1 simple, 7 complex TGA). Cardiac arrhythmia developed in 31 patients, 6 of whom required a permanent pacemaker. Postoperative cardiac catheterization showed mild superior vena cava obstruction in 4 patients, mild pulmonary venous obstruction in 3, and baffle leak in 4. Only 1 of these patients underwent reoperation elsewhere for a baffle leak. Two other patients had reoperation for subpulmonary stenosis and 1, for tricuspid regurgitation. The actuarial survival at 18 years is 92 ± 2.3%, and the event-free survival is 83 ± 3.8% (95% confidence limits). Eighty-seven patients are in New York Heart Association Functional Class I, and 3 are in Class II. The results of this study show that the long-term survival and event-free survival have been satisfactory. Late death was significantly higher in patients with complex TGA ( p = .027). Postoperative arrhythmia was common, but only 6 patients required permanent pacemakers and the incidence of late complications and reoperation has been low.
What can performance counters do for memory subsystem analysis

Nowadays, all major processors provide a set of performance counters which capture micro-architectural level information, such as the number of elapsed cycles, cache misses, or instructions executed. Counters can be found in processor cores, processor die, chipsets, or in I/O cards. They can provide a wealth of information as to how the hardware is being used by software. Many processors now support events to measure precisely and with very limited overhead, the traffic between a core and the memory subsystem. It is possible to compute average load latency and bus band-width utilization. This valuable information can be used to improve code quality and placement of threads to maximize hardware utilization.We postulate that performance counters are the key hardware resource to locate and understand issues related to the memory subsystem. In this paper we illustrate our position by showing how certain key memory performance metrics can be gathered easily on today's hardware.
The Women's Studies Experience: Personal and Professional Gains for Women and Men

This study included 212 women and 38 men students from nine women's studies classes and 101 women and 35 men from nine non-women's studies classes. At pretesting and posttesting students completed the Performance Self-Esteem Scale (PSES) and measures of their educational and job certainty and motivation. Comparison students were similar to women's studies students in having a woman teacher and having an interest in the women's studies curriculum. At posttesting women's studies students showed greater gains in PSES scores (p < .01) and in job motivation and job certainty (p < .01) than did the comparison students. The results support the value of women's studies for men as well as women students.
Role Perceptions in Peru

Abstract Perception des roles au Perou. Le Differentiateur de Role (RD) a ete utilise pour etudier comment les Peruviens (N = 161) percoivent les roles. Les analyses factorielles font appara[icaron]tre cinq facteurs de comportement identiques pour chacune des deux formes de l'instrument qui ont ete utilisees. Une analyse factorielle (two-mode factor analysis) a 6 types de sujets pour chacune des deux formes, mais il n'y a pas de differences majeures dans les structures de reponses par rapport aux facteurs de comportement. Les echantillons sont supposes provenir de la měme population. Les resultats sont coherents avec l'hypothese selon laquelle des normes de conduite clairement definies sont liees aux differences dans le statut social des paires de roles qui refletent le caractere hierarchique de la societe. L'hypothese d'une invariance interculturelle de la structure factorielle des normes de conduite est confirmee. Les AA. resument brievement les differences essentielles qui apparaissent dans la percepti...
The physical properties of T7 bacteriophage.

The growth and purification of phage T7 is described. From sedimentation, diffusion, and light-scattering studies on suspensions of this phage, the particle weight was found to be 38 × 10 6 . Analyses showed that DNA comprises 50% of the particle.
Exploring the design space of composite visualization

We propose the notion of composite visualization views (CVVs) as a theoretical model that unifies the existing coordinated multiple views (CMV) paradigm with other strategies for combining visual representations in the same geometrical space. We identify five such strategies—called CVV design patterns—based on an extensive review of the literature in composite visualization. We go on to show how these design patterns can all be expressed in terms of a design space describing the correlation between two visualizations in terms of spatial mapping as well as the data relationships between items in the visualizations. We also discuss how to use this design space to suggest potential directions for future research.
A Parametric Study on the Effects of Inlet Swirl on Compression System Performance and Operability Using Numerical Simulations

The integration of the airframe and propulsion system is a key design issue in the development and deployment of military aircraft. Many disciplines comprise this issue, one being the aerodynamic interaction between the inlet system and the engine. The external airframe and inlet system must capture flow from the free stream and deliver it to the installed engine in a manner that maintains engine stability. Using the existing SAE S-16 developed methodologies, inlet distortion has traditionally been characterized by consideration of total-pressure distortion, total-temperature distortion, or planar waves, either singularly or in combination. However, many gas turbine installations can generate significant flow angularity as well as total pressure distortion at the Aerodynamic Interface Plane (AIP). The flow angularities may have both radial- and circumferential-velocity components. Swirl is generally considered as being that portion of the flow vector which is directed circumferentially, since it is this velocity component which directly affects the work of a downstream fan or compressor. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that simple but effective numerical simulations can provide qualitative insights into the effect of swirl on compression system performance and operability. The analysis presented in this paper uses both a single rotor and an advanced 2-stage fan exhibiting many modern military turbofan design features.
Filtration of Slurries from Coal Liquefaction Processes

Abstract The heteroatom content, primarily phenolic oxygen and basic nitrogen, of coal derived asphaltenes and preasphaltenes contribute to intermolecular association and to the colloidal behavior in coal-derived liquids. The interaction between coal-derived liquids and between coal-derived liquids and mineral solids dominate the rheological characteristics of the slurry and filtrate, the specific cake resistance of the filtered solids and the cake compressibility. The filtration of slurries form coal liquefaction processes are reviewed and the problems discussed.
The Pea and the Sun: A Mathematical Paradox

Take an apple and cut it into five pieces. Would you believe that these five pieces can be reassembled in such a fashion so as to create two apples equal in shape and size to the original? Would you believe that you could make something as large as the sun by breaking a pea into a finite number of pieces and putting it back together again? Neither did Leonard Wapner, author of The Pea and the Sun, when he was first introduced to the Banach-Tarski paradox, which asserts exactly such a notion. Written in an engaging style, The Pea and the Sun catalogues the people, events, and mathematics that contributed to the discovery of Banach and Tarski's magical paradox. Wapner makes one of the most interesting problems of advanced mathematics accessible to the non-mathematician.
Deforestation and bird species composition in Liberia, West Africa

Liberia lies entirely within the Upper Guinea rain forest belt of tropical West Africa. The Upper Guinea rain forest, with 22 endemic bird species, is a major area of endemism for birds in Africa. Despite extensive deforestation, Liberia still contains the two largest tracts of forest, comprising 50% of the remaining Upper Guinea rain forest (ALLPORT 1991). The historical and present trends of deforestation in the country are reviewed. Bird species were recorded at two sites in Liberia: one in the undisturbed rain forest interior away from the edge, and one in middle of the adjacent deforested zone. In addition, we use lists of birds recorded at two other sites in Liberia: a selectively-logged rain forest (KARR 1976); and one in the periphery of the coastal deforested zone but proximal to a major rain forest block (BLANKESPOOR 1991). To quantify the effect of deforestation on the Upper Guinea bird fauna, pairwise indices of similarity were calculated between the bird communities. The similarity index betw...
Manure Nutrient Content on Vermont Dairy Farms: Long‐Term Trends and Relationships

Manure nutrient analysis is an important component of nutrient‐management planning on dairy farms. The University of Vermont Agricultural and Environmental Testing Laboratory analyzed more than 2,300 dairy manure samples from 1992 to 2006. Means of nutrient content were consistent with published values, but variability among the sample results supports the need for laboratory analysis to determine manure application rates. Phosphorus (P) content of manure decreased by about 30% from 1992 to 2004, presumably reflecting a shift in dairy diets to avoid feeding excess P, but P content increased in the following 2 years. The copper (Cu) content of liquid manure increased four‐fold, mostly after 1998, a change attributed to increased use of copper sulfate (CuSO4) in foot baths. While not reliable for making nutrient‐management decisions on individual farms, long‐term summaries can be useful to detect trends and to put individual analytical results in context.
Access to nonbook materials: the limits of subject indexing for visual and aural languages

An examination of some nonbook materials with respect to an aboutness model of indexing leads to the conclusion that there are instances that defy subject indexing. These occur not so much because of the nature of the medium per se but because it is being used for nondocumentary purposes, or, where being used for such purposes, the subject referenced is nonlexical. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Deoxygenation of methylesters over CsNaX

The deoxygenation of methyl octanoate over a CsNaX zeolite catalyst has been investigated as a model reaction for the production of de-oxygenated liquid hydrocarbons from biodiesel. Several operating parameters were investigated, such as the type of basic catalyst used, the co-reactant incorporated in the reactor as a solvent of the liquid feed, and the reaction temperature. The CsNaX zeolite used in the study was prepared by ion exchange of NaX with CsNO3/CsOH solution. A significant role of the solvent (co-reactant) was found on the activity, selectivity, and stability of the catalyst. That is, when methanol was co-fed enhanced stability and decarbonylation activity were observed. By contrast, when nonane was used, the catalyst deactivated rapidly and the selectivity to coupling products was enhanced. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of methyl octanoate and methanol, as well as flow catalytic studies suggest that methyl octanoate first decomposes to an octanoate-like species. The decomposition of such species leads to the formation of heptenes and hexenes as major products. Octenes and other hydrogenated products are formed in lower amounts via hydrogenation by hydrogen produced on the surface by methanol decomposition, but not from gas phase H2, followed by dehydration. When the polarizable Cs cation is not present in the catalyst, reduced activity and formation of undesired products, such as aromatics and pentadecanone, occur. Similarly, non-zeolitic basic catalysts, such as MgO, exhibit low activity and low selectivity to de-oxygenated liquid hydrocarbons.
Trait-based plant mortality and preference for native versus non-native seedlings by invasive slug and snail herbivores in Hawaii

Non-native herbivores may alter plant communities through their preferential consumption of seedlings of different species. We assessed seedling herbivory by two invasive gastropod species in Hawaii, the giant African snail (Achatina fulica) and the Cuban brown slug (Veronicella cubensis). We hypothesized that six native species would suffer greater gastropod herbivory than four non-native species, and that species with short stature, thin leaves, and lacking physical defenses would suffer the greatest mortality from gastropods. Herbivory was measured during 13-day preference trials using enclosures that each contained four different woody species (two native, two non-native) and were assigned to one of three treatments: giant African snail, Cuban brown slug, or control (no gastropod). Discriminant function analysis was used to predict gastropod-induced seed- ling mortality from a suite of seedling characteristics. Native species did not always experience greater herbivory than non-natives species, and seedling mortality was 0-100 %. Native Pipturus albidus and Clermontia parviflora suffered 100 % mortality from V. cubensis herbivory, and P. albidus, Psychotria hawaiiensis, and Myrsine lessertiana suffered C80 % mortality from A. fulica. Two non-natives (Fraxinus uhdei, Clidemia hirta), and two natives (Metrosideros polymorpha, Diospyros sandwicensis), suffered little damage and no mortality. Non-native Ardisia elliptica suffered 10-30 % gastropod mortality, and non-native Psidium cattleianum mortality was 0-50 %. Leaf thickness best predicted species mortality caused by slugs and snails; some thicker-leaved species suffered most. Invasive snails and slugs threaten some native and non-native seedlings by directly consuming them. Current and future plant community structure in Hawaii may in part reflect the feeding preferences of invasive gastropods.
Evaluating Local Non-Stationarity when Considering the Spatial Variation of Large-scale Autocorrelation

Multi-scale effects of spatial autocorrelation may be present in datasets. Given the importance of detecting local non-stationarity in many theoretical as well as applied studies, it is necessary to “remove” the impact of large-scale autocorrelation before common techniques for local pattern analysis are applied. It is proposed in this paper to employ the regionalized range to define spatially varying sub-regions within which the impact of large-scale autocorrelation is minimized and the local patterns can be investigated. A case study is conducted on crime data to detect crime hot spots and cold spots in San Antonio, Texas. The results confirm the necessity of treating the non-stationarity of large-scale spatial autocorrelation prior to any action aiming at detecting local autocorrelation.
Inter-Agency Collaboration in the Care of Children with Complex Chronic Conditions

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this article was to describe the network of collaboration among agencies that serve children with complex chronic conditions (CCCs) and identify gaps in the network. Methods We surveyed representatives from agencies that serve children with CCCs in Forsyth County, North Carolina, about their agencies' existing and desired collaborations with other agencies in the network. We used Social Network Analytical (SNA) methods to describe gaps in the network. Mean out-degree and in-degree centrality (number of collaborative ties extending from or directed toward an agency) and density (ratio of extant ties to all possible ties) were measured. Results In this network with 3658 possible collaborative ties, care-coordination agencies and pediatric practices reported the highest existing collaborations with other agencies (out-degree centrality: 32 and 30, respectively). Pediatric practices reported strong ties with subspecialty clinics (density: 73%), but weak ties with family support services (density: 3%). Pediatric practices and subspecialty clinics (in-degree: 26) received the highest collaborative ties from other agencies. Support services and durable medical equipment (DME) companies reported low ties with other agencies (out-degree: 7 and 10, respectively). Nursing agencies reported the highest desired collaborations (out-degree: 18). Support services, pediatric practices, and care-coordination programs had the highest in-degree centrality (7, 6, and 6, respectively) for desired collaborations. Nursing agencies and support services had the greatest gaps in collaboration. Conclusion Although collaboration exists among agencies serving children with CCCs, there are many gaps in the network. Future studies should explore barriers and facilitators to inter-agency collaborations and whether increased collaboration in the network improves patient-level outcomes.
Solid freeform fabrication of epoxidized soybean oil/epoxy composites with di‐, tri‐, and polyethylene amine curing agents

Soybean oil/epoxy-based composites are prepared by solid freeform fabrication (SFF) methods. SFF methods built materials by the repetitive addition of thin layers. The mixture of epoxidized soybean oil and epoxy resin is modified with di-, tri-, or polyethylene amine gelling agent to solidify the materials until curing occurs. The high strength and stiffness composites are formed through fiber reinforcement. E-glass, carbon, and mineral fibers are used in the formulations. The type of fiber affects the properties of the composites. It was found that a combination of two types of fibers could be used to achieve higher strength and stiffness parts than can be obtained from a single fiber type. In addition, the effects of curing temperature, curing time, and fiber concentration on mechanical properties of composites are studied and reported. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 356–363, 2004
Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor of skin

The plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor is a recently described skin tumor that has unpredictable biological behavior and occurs primarily in children and young adults. The tumor exhibits a high recurrence rate and the potential for regional metastasis. In this article, I report a patient with plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor and discuss treatment implications.