cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer's disease: β-amyloid precursor protein expression in plaques varies among cytoarchitectonic areas of the medial temporal lobe

Abstract The anatomic distributions of β-amyloid peptide (βAP) and β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) in the medial temporal lobe were examined with immunocytochemistry in Alzheimer's disease. βAP-containing plaques were found most frequently in the cortical and basal regions of the amygdala, and in the hippocampal CA1, subiculum, and dentate molecular layer. βAPP expression in plaques was found in a similar distribution, with some, but not all βAP plaques also showing βAPP. In the cortical and basal amygdala, some cases showed βAPP in the centers of plaques, whereas in the hippocampus, all cases displayed βAPP mainly in plaque neurites. The lateral regions of the amygdala contained mainly diffuse βAP plaques which had little β APP. These findings suggest that although βAPP expression and βAP deposition generally colocalize, processing of βAPP may vary among closely interconnected anatomic regions.
Mechanical Agitation of Cotton Fabrics During Enzyme Treatment and Its Effect on Tactile Properties

This work reports changes in the mechanical and surface properties of a plain weave cotton fabric subjected to enzyme treatment with and without mechanical agitation. It also describes the influenc...
Hands-On Summer Camp to Attract K–12 Students to Engineering Fields

This paper explains the organization and execution of a summer engineering outreach camp designed to attract and motivate high school students as well as increase their awareness of various engineering fields. The camp curriculum included hands-on, competitive design-oriented engineering projects from several disciplines: the electrical, environmental, mechanical, civil, and chemical engineering fields. The camp also provided additional information on financial aid, the academic programs in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) offered at Texas A&M University-Kingsville (TAMUK), as well as various career options for prospective engineers. The implementation of the camp activities and the well-designed hands-on projects not only increased the students' satisfaction, but also improved their self-confidence and their interest toward engineering disciplines. The engineering outreach camp survey results clearly indicated the success of the camp and the effectiveness of the hands-on, competitive engineering design experiences to attract students to engineering professions. Thus, it demonstrated an effective, feasible, and sustainable engineering recruitment approach.
Alternate Cyclin D1 mRNA Splicing Modulates p27KIP1 Binding and Cell Migration

Cyclin D1 is an important cell cycle regulator, but in cancer its overexpression also increases cellular migration mediated by p27KIP1 stabilization and RhoA inhibition. Recently, a common polymorphism at the exon 4-intron 4 boundary of the human cyclin D1 gene within a splice donor region was associated with an altered risk of developing cancer. Altered RNA splicing caused by this polymorphism gives rise to a variant cyclin D1 isoform termed cyclin D1b, which has the same N terminus as the canonical cyclin D1a isoform but a distinct C terminus. In this study we show that these different isoforms have unique properties with regard to the cellular migration function of cyclin D1. Although they displayed little difference in transcriptional co-repression assays on idealized reporter genes, microarray cDNA expression analysis revealed differential regulation of genes, including those that influence cellular migration. Additionally, whereas cyclin D1a stabilized p27KIP1 and inhibited RhoA-induced ROCK kinase activity, promoting cellular migration, cyclin D1b failed to stabilize p27KIP1 or inhibit ROCK kinase activity and had no effect on migration. Our findings argue that alternate splicing is an important determinant of the function of cyclin D1 in cellular migration.
Spatial ability and STEM: A sleeping giant for talent identification and development

Abstract Spatial ability is a powerful systematic source of individual differences that has been neglected in complex learning and work settings; it has also been neglected in modeling the development of expertise and creative accomplishments. Nevertheless, over 50 years of longitudinal research documents the important role that spatial ability plays in educational and occupational settings wherein sophisticated reasoning with figures, patterns, and shapes is essential. Given the contemporary push for developing STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) talent in the information age, an opportunity is available to highlight the psychological significance of spatial ability. Doing so is likely to inform research on aptitude-by-treatment interactions and Underwood’s (1975) idea to utilize individual differences as a crucible for theory construction. Incorporating spatial ability in talent identification procedures for advanced learning opportunities uncovers an under-utilized pool of talent for meeting the complex needs of an ever-growing technological world; furthermore, selecting students for advanced learning opportunities in STEM without considering spatial ability might be iatrogenic.
Development of a real-time transport performance optimization methodology

The practical application of real-time performance optimization is addressed (using a wide-body transport simulation) based on real-time measurements and calculation of incremental drag from forced response maneuvers. Various controller combinations can be envisioned although this study used symmetric outboard aileron and stabilizer. The approach is based on navigation instrumentation and other measurements found on state-of-the-art transports. This information is used to calculate winds and angle of attack. Thrust is estimated from a representative engine model as a function of measured variables. The lift and drag equations are then used to calculate lift and drag coefficients. An expression for drag coefficient, which is a function of parasite drag, induced drag, and aileron drag, is solved from forced excitation response data. Estimates of the parasite drag, curvature of the aileron drag variation, and minimum drag aileron position are produced. Minimum drag is then obtained by repositioning the symmetric aileron. Simulation results are also presented which evaluate the affects of measurement bias and resolution.
Delayed haemorrhage after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: frequency and angiographic findings.

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Delayed haemorrhage has not been well defined in the literature, clinical presentation has not been well described and treatment algorithms are lacking. From our experience we have shown that patients presenting with delayed bleeding after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy will need definitive rather than conservative treatment and angiographic findings demonstrate definitive lesions in all cases. Potential benefits include faster diagnosis and initiation of definitive treatment (angiography with embolization), avoiding repeat computed tomography imaging as it adds little in such patients and reducing need for prolonged hospitalization. OBJECTIVES • To determine the frequency of delayed postoperative haemorrhage requiring selective angioembolization (SAE) after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). • To describe the clinical presentation and characterize the angiographic findings encountered in this setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS • Prospective data from 640 LPNs performed between August 1993 and May 2009 were retrospectively analyzed, from which patients with delayed postoperative haemorrhage (defined as ‘gross haematuria ≥7 days postoperatively that persists for more than 24 h’) and requiring SAE were identified. • Clinicopathological, preoperative and perioperative factors were reviewed. • Selective catheterization and angiography of the renal artery was performed for persistent gross haematuria and for haemodynamic instability associated with a significant drop in haematocrit level. • Arteries feeding the bleeding site were identified and embolized with endovascular coils. RESULTS • Patients presented with delayed haemorrhage between 7 and 30 days after surgery. SAE was required in 13 patients (2%) for delayed postoperative bleeding. • Of the 640 LPNs, 68 (10.6%) were performed without hilar occlusion (‘off-clamp’) of whom one (1.5%) had a delayed haemorrhage, which was successfully embolized. • For patients with and without delayed haemorrhage after LPN, the mean tumour size was 2.7 cm and 3.3 cm (P= 0.31), the mean warm ischaemia time was 28.2 min and 14.3 min (P < 0.001), and the mean estimated blood loss 403.8 mL and 308.2 mL (P= 0.26), respectively. • Percutaneous angiography showed renal artery pseudoaneurysm in 10 patients and arterial contrast extravasation in three patients, two of whom also had an arteriovenous fistula. • Following embolization, creatinine levels remained stable in all patients. CONCLUSIONS • Clinically significant delayed postoperative bleeding after LPN occurs in a small percentage of patients. • Angiography will accurately make the diagnosis of RAP or AVF and SAE is safe and effective procedure that allows for preservation of renal function.
Education and Smart Growth Policies in U.S. Cities: A Response to Lenahan O'Connell*

Objective. This response to Lenahan O'Connell's article “Exploring the Social Roots of Smart Growth Policy Adoption by Cities” examines whether the relationship between education and the adoption of smart growth programs in U.S. cities is reflective of the new political culture and rooted in postmaterial values or, perhaps, just reflective of a slightly different way of thinking about traditional economic development. Methods. Using data for 45 U.S. cities that have articulated broad policies to try to become more sustainable, this analysis includes a measure of the severity of air pollution as an indicator of the need for smart growth programs. Results. The measure of need is more strongly related to the pursuit of smart growth than is either education or income. Conclusions. Since the level of air pollution is frequently understood to make economic growth difficult or impossible, the results suggest that smart growth programs might be just as likely motivated by traditional economic development as by postmaterial values, and there is a need to develop a deeper understanding of the motivates for adopting such programs.
The Host Proteins Transportin SR2/TNPO3 and Cyclophilin A Exert Opposing Effects on HIV-1 Uncoating

ABSTRACT Following entry of the HIV-1 core into target cells, productive infection depends on the proper disassembly of the viral capsid (uncoating). Although much is known regarding HIV-1 entry, the actions of host cell proteins that HIV-1 utilizes during early postentry steps are poorly understood. One such factor, transportin SR2 (TRN-SR2)/transportin 3 (TNPO3), promotes infection by HIV-1 and some other lentiviruses, and recent studies have genetically linked TNPO3 dependence of infection to the viral capsid protein (CA). Here we report that purified recombinant TNPO3 stimulates the uncoating of HIV-1 cores in vitro. The stimulatory effect was reduced by RanGTP, a known ligand for transportin family members. Depletion of TNPO3 in target cells rendered HIV-1 less susceptible to inhibition by PF74, a small-molecule HIV-1 inhibitor that induces premature uncoating. In contrast to the case for TNPO3, addition of the CA-binding host protein cyclophilin A (CypA) inhibited HIV-1 uncoating and reduced the stimulatory effect of TNPO3 on uncoating in vitro. In cells in which TNPO3 was depleted, HIV-1 infection was enhanced 4-fold by addition of cyclosporine, indicating that the requirement for TNPO3 in HIV-1 infection is modulated by CypA-CA interactions. Although TNPO3 was localized primarily to the cytoplasm, depletion of TNPO3 from target cells inhibited HIV-1 infection without reducing the accumulation of nuclear proviral DNA, suggesting that TNPO3 facilitates a stage of the virus life cycle subsequent to nuclear entry. Our results suggest that TNPO3 and cyclophilin A facilitate HIV-1 infection by coordinating proper uncoating of the core in target cells.
Exceptional Flame Resistance and Gas Barrier with Thick Multilayer Nanobrick Wall Thin Films

Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a powerful and versatile technique to deposit functional thin films, but often requires a large number of deposition steps to achieve a film thick enough to provide a desired property. By incorporating amine salts into the cationic polyelectrolyte and its associated rinse, LbL clay-containing nanocomposite films can achieve much greater thickness (>1 μm) with relatively few deposition cycles (≤6 bilayers). Amine salts interact with nanoclays, causing nanoplatelets to deposit in stacks rather than as individual platelets. This technique appears to be universal, exhibiting thick growth with multiple types of nanoclay, including montmorillonite and vermiculite (VMT), and a variety of amine salts (e.g., hexylamine and diethanolamine). The characteristic order found in LbL-assembled films is maintained despite the incredible thickness. Films assembled in this manner achieve oxygen transmission rates below 0.009 cc m−2 d−1 atm−1 with just 6 bilayers (BLs) of chitosan/VMT deposited. These thick clay-based thin films also impart exceptional flame resistance. A 2-BL film renders a 3.2 mm polystyrene plate self-extinguishing, while an 8-BL film (3.9 μm thick) prevents ignition entirely. This ability to generate much thicker clay-based multilayers with amine salts opens up tremendous potential for these nanocoatings in real world applications.
Prolonged bacterial exposure to minocycline/rifampicin-impregnated vascular catheters does not affect antimicrobial activity of catheters.

Objectives: We assessed the in vitro effect of exposing various bacteria to minocycline/rifampicin-impregnated vascular catheters on the antimicrobial activity of the catheters and the antimicrobial susceptibility of tested organisms. Methods: Segments of minocycline/rifampicin-impregnated catheters were placed in agar plates inoculated with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Zones of inhibition were measured at 24 h, and colonies from the edge of this zone were retrieved after 72 h and inoculated onto new agar plates. A total of seven 72 h cycles were completed. We then measured the MICs of minocycline, rifampicin, vancomycin and linezolid for the collected strains. Results: The zones of inhibition of the four organisms remained stable after 21 days of sequential exposure to the impregnated catheters. The MICs of the antimicrobials remained constant, except for the MICs of rifampicin for MRSA and linezolid for MRSE, which increased slightly but remained within the susceptible range. Conclusions: Minocycline/rifampicin-impregnated catheters remain effective against MSSA, MRSA, MRSE and VRE, as evidenced by stable zones of inhibition following 21 day sequential exposure to these catheters. The increase in MIC of rifampicin for MRSA may be clinically relevant if the catheter remains in place for >12 days though the strain remained susceptible to minocycline, there was no concurrent increase in the MIC of other tested drugs, and the zones of inhibition remained stable.
Parental Involvement of Mothers With Chronic Illness and Children’s Academic Achievement

This study examined how maternal chronic illnesses may affect children’s academic achievement through parental involvement. A total of 189 mothers diagnosed with chronic illnesses, such as multiple sclerosis, diabetes, cancer, HIV/AIDS, chronic pain, asthma, myelodysplasic syndrome, and fibromyalgia, and with a child in middle school or high school (age 10-18 years) completed questionnaires assessing the demands of illness on family functioning, parental involvement, and the child’s academic functioning. The results suggested that the majority of children of mothers with chronic illness were able to function adequately in terms of academic achievement. However, children’s academic functioning might be at risk when family functioning was more disrupted as the result of maternal illness. Children’s grades were negatively related to levels of demands of illness on family functioning. Levels of illness demands were negatively related to parental self-efficacy. Moreover, parental self-efficacy attenuated the e...
Efficient svm training using low-rank kernel representations

SVM training is a convex optimization problem which scales with the training set size rather than the feature space dimension. While this is usually considered to be a desired quality, in large scale problems it may cause training to be impractical. The common techniques to handle this difficulty basically build a solution by solving a sequence of small scale subproblems. Our current effort is concentrated on the rank of the kernel matrix as a source for further enhancement of the training procedure. We first show that for a low rank kernel matrix it is possible to design a better interior point method (IPM) in terms of storage requirements as well as computational complexity. We then suggest an efficient use of a known factorization technique to approximate a given kernel matrix by a low rank matrix, which in turn will be used to feed the optimizer. Finally, we derive an upper bound on the change in the objective function value based on the approximation error and the number of active constraints (support vectors). This bound is general in the sense that it holds regardless of the approximation method.
The So-Called Epiclesis in Hippolytus

I SHOULD like to suggest that the rather innocent petition, "ut mittas spiritum tuum sanctum in oblationem," in the Anaphora of Hippolytus, is not a later interpolation. In his valuable edition of the Apostolic Tradition,' Dom Gregory Dix has argued that the difficulties of the Latin text are satisfactorily solved by deleting this petition.2 Much of his case rests on the fact that the Testamentum Domini omits the crucial clause; and it is in the light of this document that he attempts to reconstruct what Hippolytus wrote.
A confusion-limited spectral-line survey of Sgr B2(N) at 1, 2, and 3mm: Establishing the organic inventory in molecular clouds

We present preliminary results of an spectral-line survey at 1, 2, and 3 mm of the galactic center cloud Sgr B2(N). With the current data, several simple prebiotic molecules have been conclusively identified, while several more complex molecules have not. When complete, this survey will provide an accurate database of the gas-phase organic inventory in Sgr B2(N).
Vitreopapillary traction as a cause of elevated optic nerve head

Abstract Purpose: To identify vitreopapillary tractional forces as a possible cause of optic nerve head elevation. Methods: Case reports. Two patients aged 64 and 84 years underwent detailed ocular examination and B-scan ultrasonography. Results: Both patients had a unilateral elevated optic nerve head with normal color vision, normal pupillary responses, and full kinetic perimetry. Biomicroscopic and B-scan ultrasonographic evaluation confirmed the presence of vitreopapillary traction. Conclusions: Vitreopapillary traction can cause unilateral optic nerve head elevation. The posterior hyaloid should be evaluated in patients with optic nerve head elevation.
Human SP-10: acrosomal distribution, processing, and fate after the acrosome reaction.

SP-10 is a testis-specific acrosomal protein that has been detected in several species including humans. Extracts from whole human testis and epididymal, ejaculated, and capacitated sperm were analyzed by Western blot for SP-10 polypeptides. The testis extracts contained a full-length SP-10 protein at approximately 45 kDa as well as other immunoreactive SP-10 peptides at 32, 30, 28, and 26 kDa. Extracts from epididymal, ejaculated, and capacitated sperm contained several immunoreactive SP-10 peptides that co-migrated with the 32-26-kDa SP-10 peptides in the testis extracts. Epididymal, ejaculated, and capacitated sperm extracts did not contain the 45-kDa SP-10 peptide observed in testis extracts, but did contain immunoreactive SP-10 peptides from 25 to 18 kDa that were not detected in testis extracts. These results indicate that a full-length 45-kDa SP-10 precursor protein is present in the testis and that SP-10 peptides of 32, 30, 28, and 26 kDa result from proteolytic processing of the SP-10 precursor protein in the testis and/or alternative splicing. In addition, SP-10 peptides of 25-18 kDa were first detected in extracts of caput epididymal sperm and probably resulted from the proteolytic processing of the 45- and 32-26-kDa SP-10 peptides in the initial segment or caput epididymidis. Also, no additional SP-10 bands were detected in extracts of cauda epididymal, ejaculated, or capacitated sperm, suggesting that no further processing of the 32-18-kDa SP-10 peptides occurred during epididymal transit, ejaculation, and capacitation. Electron microscopic immunocytochemical observations of epididymal, ejaculated, and capacitated sperm revealed that colloidal gold labeling of SP-10 was most abundant within the principal segment and posterior bulb of the equatorial segment of the acrosome, while the colloidal gold labeling of SP-10 was sparse in the anterior equatorial segment of the acrosome. After a follicular fluid-induced acrosome reaction, SP-10 was detected on the inner acrosomal membrane in the equatorial segment and was associated with hybrid vesicles. This localization after the acrosorre reaction is consistent with the hypothesis that SP-10 may be involved in sperm-zona binding or penetration.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulation of pineal serotonin-N-acetyltransferase activity: general characteristics.

: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) stimulates basal serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity in pineals in organ culture and enhances the effects of catecholamines in inducing the enzyme. VIP appears to act postsynaptically; its action is independent of the beta receptor and is dependent upon protein synthesis. Its effects may be mediated by a receptor. The magnitude of the pineal response to VIP varies with age, is greater in pineals maintained in 48-h organ culture than in those in acute culture, and can be detected in pineals from newborns after 48-h organ culture. Intravenous administration of VIP can increase pineal NAT activity in vivo.
Interactions of cryptosin with mammalian cardiac beta-adrenoceptors.

ABSTRACTCryptosin—a new cardenolide from the leaves of Cryptolepis buchanani R & S was found to be a potent positive inotropic agent. In experiments with dog heart ex vivo, the rise in the cardiac rate associated with an increase in dP/dtmax and left ventricular pressure (LVP) correlated with changes in the β-adrenoceptor densities as measured by the binding of 3H-Dihydroalprenolol (DHA). A significant change in the fl-adrenoceptor densities was observed when cryptosin was incubated with guinea pig and dog heart sarcolemmal membranes in vitro. Analysis of the binding of 3H-DHA in post-cryptosin treated membranes indicated a non-specific type of interaction of cryptosin with mammalian cardiac s-adrenoceptors.
Risk Factors and Levels of Risk for High School Dropouts

The study in this article identifies three major risk categories of high school dropouts and evaluates the impact of possible prevention strategies. As students accumulate these risks, they became more likely to drop out and prevention programs become less effective. Additionally, it was found that factors influencing the decision to drop out vary for different sources of risk, and thus there should be a range of prevention strategies offered to accommodate for this variance.
A graph-based recovery and decomposition of Swanson's hypothesis using semantic predications

Objectives: This paper presents a methodology for recovering and decomposing Swanson's Raynaud Syndrome-Fish Oil hypothesis semi-automatically. The methodology leverages the semantics of assertions extracted from biomedical literature (called semantic predications) along with structured background knowledge and graph-based algorithms to semi-automatically capture the informative associations originally discovered manually by Swanson. Demonstrating that Swanson's manually intensive techniques can be undertaken semi-automatically, paves the way for fully automatic semantics-based hypothesis generation from scientific literature. Methods: Semantic predications obtained from biomedical literature allow the construction of labeled directed graphs which contain various associations among concepts from the literature. By aggregating such associations into informative subgraphs, some of the relevant details originally articulated by Swanson have been uncovered. However, by leveraging background knowledge to bridge important knowledge gaps in the literature, a methodology for semi-automatically capturing the detailed associations originally explicated in natural language by Swanson, has been developed. Results: Our methodology not only recovered the three associations commonly recognized as Swanson's hypothesis, but also decomposed them into an additional 16 detailed associations, formulated as chains of semantic predications. Altogether, 14 out of the 19 associations that can be attributed to Swanson were retrieved using our approach. To the best of our knowledge, such an in-depth recovery and decomposition of Swanson's hypothesis has never been attempted. Conclusion: In this work therefore, we presented a methodology to semi-automatically recover and decompose Swanson's RS-DFO hypothesis using semantic representations and graph algorithms. Our methodology provides new insights into potential prerequisites for semantics-driven Literature-Based Discovery (LBD). Based on our observations, three critical aspects of LBD include: (1) the need for more expressive representations beyond Swanson's ABC model; (2) an ability to accurately extract semantic information from text; and (3) the semantic integration of scientific literature and structured background knowledge.
A multidisciplinary business and engineering course in product development and entrepreneurship

This paper describes the design and development of a multidisciplinary course that pairs business and engineering students on teams for the objective of developing a new small product. The course is team-taught by faculty from business, engineering, and engineering technology. The student teams are required to develop a product concept, an engineering design, and a business plan. The major deliverables for the course include: an intellectual property search, a project proposal, a market analysis, a product requirement specification, an engineering design, a financial plan, and a marketing plan. The course culminates with a business plan deliverable that integrates all of these elements.
Immunologic Investigations of Mucoid Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Comparison of Susceptibility to Opsonic Antibody in Mucoid and Nonmucoid Strains

Mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis, were studied for the prevalence of each of the seven Fisher immunotype antigens and were compared with their nonmucoid transformants, obtained by repeated subculturing, for susceptibility to opsonic antibody. Of the 30 strains tested--one from each of 30 patients--16 were typable and were tested in the opsonophagocytic assay with use of immunotype-specific rabbit antiserum; eight had significant opsonization by complement without antiserum. Of the eight strains requiring antiserum, seven strains required a higher minimum concentration of antiserum for a 1.0 log10 reduction of viable P. aeruginosa than the paired nonmucoid derivative. These end-point titers were significantly greater for nonmucoid Pseudomonas (P = 0.0007). A mucoid strain not requiring antibody for opsonization was shown to use primarily the alternative complement pathway. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the immunodeterminant for opsonic antibody in nonmucoid strains is blocked in the mucoid strain.
Ironic Effects of Racial Bias During Interracial Interactions

Previous research has suggested that Blacks like White interaction partners who make an effort to appear unbiased more than those who do not. We tested the hypothesis that, ironically, Blacks perceive White interaction partners who are more racially biased more positively than less biased White partners, primarily because the former group must make more of an effort to control racial bias than the latter. White participants in this study completed the Implicit Association Test (IAT) as a measure of racial bias and then discussed race relations with either a White or a Black partner. Whites' IAT scores predicted how positively they were perceived by Black (but not White) interaction partners, and this relationship was mediated by Blacks' perceptions of how engaged the White participants were during the interaction. We discuss implications of the finding that Blacks may, ironically, prefer to interact with highly racially biased Whites, at least in short interactions.
Modeling of Pin Fin Heat Sinks Based on Volume Averaging Theory

In this paper, a consistant model is developed to describe transport phenomena in a pin fin heat sink that take into account the scales and other characteristics of the medium morphology. The specific geometry of the heat sink is accounted for in such a way that the details of the original structure are replaced by their averaged counterparts. Equation sets allowing for turbulence and two-temperature or two-concentration diffusion are obtained for non-isotropic porous media with interface exchange. The equations differ from known equations and were developed using a rigorous averaging technique, hierarchical modeling methodology, and fully turbulent models with Reynolds stresses and fluxes in the space of every pore. The transport equations are shown to have additional integral and differential terms. These terms are closed experimentally from available data for pin fin morphology. The resulting equation set is relatively simple and is descretized using the finite difference method. Such computational algorithm is fast running, but still able to present a detailed picture of themperature fields in the airflow as well as in the solid structure of the heat sink. The calculated friction factor and thermal resistance are compared with experimental data to verify the porous model and validate the numerical code. The results calculated by the code agrees with the experimental data quite well, which offers possibility for multiple parameter optimization using Design of Experiment (DOE) to achieve high cooling capabilities.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Elementary school participation in the United States Department of Agriculture's Team Nutrition program is associated with more healthful school lunches.

Objective: To assess school-level characteristics associated with Team Nutrition (TN) program participation, and compare the availability of food items in school lunches in participating vs nonparticipating schools. Methods: Cross-sectional studywitha nationally representative sampleof2,489elementary schools in the United States. A mail-back survey was used to collect school administrator–reported annual data on availability of selected healthful and unhealthful lunch items between 2006-2007 and 2009-2010. Multivariate regression analyses was used to predict the availability of food items in school lunches based on TN participation. Results: Team Nutrition participation was higher among schools in the south, in rural areas, and in states with stronger nutrition policies. Program participation was higher in schools with mostly low-income students and where a dietitian was on staff. Participating schools were more likely to offer healthful items and less likely to serve unhealthful items during lunch. Conclusions and Implications: The TN program has the potential to help schools offer healthier school meals.
Sympathy, State Building, and the Experience of Empire

What is the role of sympathy in imperial state building? In this essay, inspired by the empiricist philosopher David Hume and the anthropologist Nancy Munn, I develop a materialist concept of sympathy in an effort to cast new light on the expansion of colonial rule. I deploy this concept in an analysis of reports written just before WWII by officials charged with extending the Netherlands Indies government's reach within western New Guinea. Along with gifts and outright acts of coercion, these officials made sympathy into a central component of their practices. Instead of avoiding the natives' gaze, they sought out more or less intimate moments of identification with their subjects; they tried to adopt the Papuans' perspective to reform Papuan ways. In teasing out the causal force of sympathy, as these officials viewed it, I make causal claims of my own about the impact of this experience of empire on the Netherlands' subsequent policy in New Guinea. In doing so, I advocate an approach to anthropological analysis that is empirical, if not empiricist, one that insists on the power of circumstances to shape the imagination, and the power of the imagination to shape the world.
Gambling-related problems across life domains: an exploratory study of non-treatment-seeking weekly gamblers

ABSTRACTThis study uses content analysis to provide a qualitative exploration of how life roles are affected by frequent (i.e. at least weekly) gambling, based on in-depth interviews with a community sample of 161 non-treatment-seeking frequent gamblers. Over half (51.6%) of the participants indicated problems associated with gambling and 131 examples were identified. The majority of problems were relational (50.4%), followed by financial (19.8%), work (13.7%), and school related (8.4%). Slightly less than half of participants (41.7%) reported losses due to gambling and 92 examples were provided. The most frequently reported loss was identity related (54.3%), which included self-esteem/shame (38.0%), estrangement from family (34.0%), estrangement from friends (16.0%), and estrangement from work colleagues (6.0%). Additional losses included health (29.3%) and financial (8.7%). Almost two-thirds of participants (64.6%) reported difficulty concentrating in family (18.4%), work (16.8%), and school (9.6%) acti...
Gravitational Field of Vacuum Domain Walls and Strings

The gravitational properties of vacuum domain walls and strings are studied in the linear approximation of general relativity. These properties are shown to be very different from those of regular massive planes and rods. It is argued that the domain walls are gravitationally unstable and collapse at a certain time $\ensuremath{\sim}{t}_{c}$ after their creation. If the vacuum walls ever existed, they must have disappeared at $tl{t}_{c}$.
Neuropeptides in Mental Health: CRF, AVP, and OXT

Neuropeptides contribute to various aspects of brain function in health and disease. Several neuropeptides such as oxytocin, vasopressin, and corticotropin releasing factor play significant roles in mental health by regulating social behavior, anxiety, and depression. These neuropeptides and their receptors are discussed here as prominent examples of the regulatory roles of neuropeptide systems. Because of some of their unique properties, neuropeptides offer special mechanisms for individual and species differences in behavior related to mental health.
Effects of Host Sterols on the Development and Sterol Composition of Microplitis demolitor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Investigations were conducted on how changes in the sterol composition of Heliothis zea (Boddie) affected the growth, development, and sterol composition of its hymenopterous endoparasitoid, Microplitis demolitor Wilkinson. When the amount of sterol in the hemolymph of the H. zea larva was decreased by the addition of cholestyramine to its diet, the growth of the hemolymph-feeding parasitoid was inhibited. The larval stage of the wasp in this host was significantly longer than that of the control, and the adults that eventually developed were significantly smaller. In contrast, when the amount of sterol in the hemolymph of the H. zea larva was increased by the addition of niacin to its diet, the growth of the parasitoid was normal, probably because its essential dietary sterol was readily available. When the H. zea larva was fed Δ-, Δ5.7- or Δ7-sterol in place of Δ5-sterol, the sterol composition of its tissues was altered and reflected that of its diet. Such changes in the tissue sterols of the host did not affect the growth and development of M. demolitor , although the sterol composition of the parasitoid was also altered. These studies indicate that the quantity rather than the structure of the sterols present in the hemolymph of H. zea may help determine whether M. demolitor develops successfully in this host.
Introduction to: current aesthetic use of abobotulinumtoxinA in clinical practice: an evidence-based consensus review.

The field of cosmetic medicine continues to develop because of our desire to provide safe, predictable, aesthetic results for our patients. This supplement is a valuable and practical resource for well-trained aesthetic practitioners who administer botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A). In addition, it allows the provider to better understand the clinically-relevant details of the current aesthetic applications of abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport; Medicis Aesthetics, Inc, Scottsdale, Arizona). This neurotoxin only …
Abstract 498: A combination trial of vaccine plus ipilimumab in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: immune correlates.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Purpose: We recently published (Lancet Oncol. 2012;13(5):501-8) the clinical results of a trial combining ipilimumab (CTLA-4 blockade) with PSA-TRICOM, a viral vector vaccine containing transgenes for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and three costimulatory molecules, in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Thirty patients were treated with an escalating dose of ipilimumab, and fixed dose of vaccine. Of the 24 chemotherapy-naive patients, 58% had a PSA decline from baseline. Combination therapy did not seem to exacerbate the immune-related adverse events associated with ipilimumab. Here, we evaluated the correlations of 30 immune cell subsets and clinical outcome in an effort to identify relevant biomarkers for immune monitoring of patients in clinical immunotherapy trials. Experimental Design: PBMCs were collected before therapy and at 70 days post initiation of therapy, and phenotyped by flow cytometry for T cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), natural killer (NK) cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Inducible TH17 cells and intracellular IFNγ were evaluated after stimulation. Correlations of overall survival (OS) and immune cell subsets prior to treatment and 70 days post initiation of therapy, as well as OS and the change in a given immune cell subset were performed. Results: There were significant correlations with OS before therapy; Fewer monocytic MDSC correlated with longer survival (R= -0.72). There was a negative correlation with CD8+ central memory cells (CD8cm) (R= -0.64), and a positive correlation with the more activated PD1+ CD8cm subset (R= 0.67). At 70 days post initiation of therapy, high CD4cm (R= 0.54) and low CTLA-4+ Tregs (R= -0.53) correlated with longer survival. For correlations of OS and the change in a given immune cell subset, we found significant correlations for increased activated immature NK cells (R= 0.94) and decreased immature NK cells (R= -0.82). Additionally, a larger decrease in immunosuppressive cells such as CTLA-4+ Tregs and non-lineage MDSC after treatment correlated with increased OS (R= -0.37 and -0.83, respectively). Conclusions: The most striking result was the negative correlation at baseline of OS with the level of monocytic MDSC. Moreover, a decrease after therapy in the levels of CTLA-4+ Tregs and non-lineage MDSC correlated with increased OS. These results will be further evaluated in larger immunotherapy trials. Citation Format: Caroline Jochems, Jo A. Tucker, Ravi A. Madan, William L. Dahut, James L. Gulley, Jeffrey Schlom, Kwong-Yok Tsang. A combination trial of vaccine plus ipilimumab in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: immune correlates. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 498. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-498
Annihilators in zero-divisor graphs of semilattices and reduced commutative semigroups

Abstract Let V ( G ) be the set of vertices of a simple connected graph G. The set L 1 ( G ) consisting of ∅, V ( G ) , and all neighborhoods N ( v ) of vertices v ∈ V ( G ) is a subposet of the complete lattice L ( G ) (under inclusion) of all intersections of elements in L 1 ( G ) . In this paper, it is shown that L 1 ( G ) is a join-semilattice and L ( G ) is a Boolean algebra if and only if G is realizable as the zero-divisor graph of a meet-semilattice with 0. Also, if L 1 ( G ) is a meet-semilattice and L ( G ) is a Boolean algebra, then G is realizable as the zero-divisor graph of a join-semilattice with 0. As a corollary, graphs that are realizable as zero-divisor graphs of commutative semigroups with 0 that do not have any nonzero nilpotent elements are classified.
Alternative Methods in Arterial Reconstruction

As experience in arterial reconstruction has accumulated, the segmental nature of arteriopathy has been appreciated, and standardized methods of treatment have emerged. It is thus possible for modifications of standard procedures to be contrived to fit individual situations, and these variations are the subject of this article.
Optogenetic activation of accessory olfactory bulb input to the forebrain differentially modulates investigation of opposite versus same-sex urinary chemosignals and stimulates mating in male mice

Surgical or genetic disruption of vomeronasal organ (VNO)-accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) function previously eliminated the ability of male mice to processes pheromones that elicit territorial behavior and aggression. By contrast, neither disruption significantly affected mating behaviors, although VNO lesions reduced males' investigation of nonvolatile female pheromones. We explored the contribution of VNO-AOB pheromonal processing to male courtship using optogenetic activation of AOB projections to the forebrain. Protocadherin-Cre male transgenic mice received bilateral AOB infections with channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2) viral vectors, and an optical fiber was implanted above the AOB. In olfactory choice tests, males preferred estrous female urine (EFU) over water; however, this preference was eliminated when diluted (5%) EFU was substituted for 100% EFU. Optogenetic AOB activation concurrent with nasal contact significantly augmented males' investigation compared to 5% EFU alone. Conversely, concurrent optogenetic AOB activation significantly reduced males' nasal investigation of diluted urine from gonadally intact males (5% IMU) compared to 5% IMU alone. These divergent effects of AOB optogenetic activation were lost when males were prevented from making direct nasal contact. Optogenetic AOB stimulation also failed to augment males' nasal investigation of deionized water or of food odors. Finally, during mating tests, optogenetic AOB stimulation delivered for 30 s when the male was in physical contact with an estrous female significantly facilitated the occurrence of penile intromission. Our results suggest that VNO-AOB signaling differentially modifies males' motivation to seek out female vs male urinary pheromones while augmenting males' sexual arousal leading to intromission and improved reproductive performance.
An Italian-American view of grief: connection, transformation and resilience

AbstractCurrent theories regarding grief and mourning often acknowledge continued connection and reworking of the relationship to the lost person rather than relinquishing ties and bonds, and acknowledge the importance of culture in grief and mourning. Although there is little research regarding Italian-Americans and grieving, these ideas fit well with the description described by researchers as ‘Italians tend to keep their dead with them’. This paper explores Italian-American responses to the loss of a loved one. It comprises a brief summary of relevant literature around grieving, followed by an overview of themes from Italian traditions and culture that inform our thinking about Italian-Americans and grief. The authors, as participants in both the culture and the experience of grief, briefly situate themselves vis-a-vis these experiences. Three segments then illustrate our concepts of continued bonds and reworking relationships: a pilot study of Italian-Americans’ experiences of loss and grieving over t...
Enhanced boiling heat transfer on binary surfaces

Abstract A novel idea for the improvement of boiling heat transfer is that of a binary surface – where a non-boiling liquid coats sub-surface irregularities and aids in heat transfer to the primary working fluid. The threefold goal of this effort was to: (i) prepare durable, low-cost, scalable binary surfaces for boiling heat transfer enhancement, (ii) conduct pool boiling experiments on these surfaces, and (iii) derive the physical mechanisms perceived as responsible for the observed boiling enhancements. Accordingly, robust binary surfaces were prepared on copper using a facile, scalable bulk micro-manufacturing approach. These surfaces consist of numerous micro-/nano-cavities filled by a non-boiling liquid creating puddles around solid islands. Boiling experiments were carried out using a dielectric liquid, PF-5060, as the primary working fluid (the boiling liquid). It was observed that, compared to a smooth/plain copper surface, a binary copper surface, with water as the NBL, was able to simultaneously enhance the maximum heat flux limit by ∼2.2 times and the average heat transfer coefficient by ∼7.5 times. A maximum heat flux of 35.06 W/cm 2 was recorded, which is higher than the enhancements reported so far in literature for the pool boiling of PF-5060 on any enhanced surface. It was further found that decreasing the contact angle of the non-boiling liquid on the binary surface enhances both the heat transfer coefficient and the maximum heat flux limit.
Performance of a double tilted-Rowland-spectrometer on Arcus

Spectroscopy of soft X-rays is an extremely powerful tool to understand the physics of the hot plasma in the universe but in many cases, such as kinematic properties of stellar emission lines or weak absorption features, we have reached the limits of current instrumentation. Critical-angle transmission (CAT) gratings blaze the dispersed spectra into high orders and also offer a high throughput. We present detailed ray-traces for the Arcus mission, which promises an effective area > 0.5 m2 and resolving power > 2500 in the soft X-rays. The mirror consists of Athena-like silicon pore optics (SPOs) arranged in four petals. Each petal spans an azimuth of about 30 degrees and thus offers a point-spread function that is significantly narrower in one dimension than a full mirror would provide. The four channels are split into two pairs, where each pair has its own optical axis. For each pair, CAT gratings are arranged on a tilted Rowland torus and the two separate tori are positioned to overlap in such a way that the dispersed spectra from both pairs can be imaged onto a common set of CCD detectors, while at the same time keeping the requirement of the spectroscopic focus. Our ray-traces show that a set of 16 CCDs is sufficient to cover both zeroths orders and over 90% of the dispersed signal. We study the impact of misalignment, finite size of components, and spacecraft jitter on the spectral resolution and effective area and prove that the design achieves R > 4000 even in the presence of these non-ideal effects.