cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pre-inoculation of urinary catheters with Escherichia coli 83972 inhibits catheter colonization by Enterococcus faecalis.

Purpose: The capacity of a preexisting coating of Escherichia coli 83972 to reduce catheter colonization by Enterococcus faecalis 210 was investigated. Enterococcus was chosen for these trials since it is a common urinary pathogen in patients with an indwelling urinary catheter.Materials and Methods: Each experiment tested 3 growth conditions. Group 1 or E. coli plus Enterococcus catheters were exposed to E. coli 83972 for 24 hours and then to Enterococcus for 30 minutes. Group 2 or E. coli alone catheters were incubated in E. coli for 24 hours and then in sterile broth for 30 minutes. Group 3 or Enterococcus alone catheters did not undergo the initial incubation with E. coli before the 30-minute incubation with Enterococcus: All catheters were then incubated in sterile human urine for 24 hours. Catheters were washed with saline and cut into 5, 1 cm. segments. Each segment was sonicated and the sonication fluid was diluted and plated. The results of each of the 5 segments were averaged and the set of expe...
A high-order element-based Galerkin method for the barotropic vorticity equation

SUMMARY A high-order element-based Galerkin method is developed to solve the non-divergent barotropic vorticity equation (BVE). The solution process involves solving a conservative transport equation for the vorticity fields and a Poisson equation for the stream function fields. The discontinuous Galerkin method is employed for solving the transport equation and a spectral element method (continuous Galerkin) is used for the Poisson equation. A third-order strong stability preserving explicit Runge‐Kutta scheme is used for time integration. A series of tests have been performed to validate the model, which include the evolution of an idealized tropical cyclone and interaction of dual vortices in close proximity. The numerical convergence study is performed by solving the BVE on the sphere where the analytic solution is known. The test results are consistent with physical observations, and the model exhibits exponential convergence. Copyright q 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceived intra-organizational mobility: Reliable versus exceptional performance as means to getting ahead

‘Work hard and get ahead’ is a fundamental tenet of modern organizations, but employees have different interpretations of what it means to ‘work hard’ and perceive that there are multiple channels to ‘get ahead’. The current research explores employees' perceptions of the factors affecting their intra-organizational upward mobility. Results using a survey instrument in a large American medical college show that employees can distinguish among intra-organizational mobility channels based on reliable role performance, on exceptional role performance, and on non-performance factors such as personal characteristics (e.g. race and gender), or luck and favoritism. Perceptions of mobility channels are related to such organizationally relevant outcomes as employee satisfaction and turnover intentions. Occupational sub-groups, however, perceive different structures for upward mobility.
Transient electromagnetic response of a loop source over a rough geological medium

SUMMARY The theory of the transient controlled-source electromagnetic (EM) response of a loop source over a rough geological medium is developed in this paper. The governing fractional diffusion equation in the Laplace domain is solved semi-analytically, and the Gaver–Stehfest algorithm is then used to to numerically invert the associated Laplace transform. The geological medium is characterized by a spatially uniform roughness parameter β, which provides a more realistic description of subsurface geoelectrical structure than does a traditional piecewise smooth representation. Practitioners of the transient EM method can detect the presence of rough geology via observing a departure from the classical γ=−5.2 value of the late-time response slope along with a power-law behaviour of the zero-crossing time τH(L) as a function of transmitter–receiver separation. Field studies have indicated that rough geology can explain certain controlled-source EM responses with an economy of model parameters.
Address to the Sixth Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly

We are gathered here in a continuing venture to realize mankind's hopes for a more prosperous, humane, just, and cooperative world. As members of this Organization, we are pledged not only to free the world from the scourge of war, but to free mankind from the fear of hunger, poverty, and disease. The quest for justice and dignity-which finds expression in the economic and social articles of the United Nations Charter-has global meaning in an age of instantaneous communication. Improving the quality of human life has become a universal political demand, a technical possibility, and a moral imperative. We meet here at a moment when the world economy is under severe stress. The energy crisis first dramatized its fragility. But the issues transcend that particular crisis. Each of the problems we face-of combating inflation and stimulating growth, of feeding the hungry and lifting the impoverished, of the scarcity of physical resources and the surplus of despair-is part of an interrelated global problem. Let us begin by discarding outdated generalities and sterile slogans we have-all of us-lived with for so long. The great issues of development can no longer realistically be perceived in terms of confrontation between the haves and have nots or as a struggle over the distribution of static wealth. Whatever
A biomechanical comparison of youth baseball pitches: is the curveball potentially harmful?

BackgroundThe curveball has been anecdotally considered as a dangerous pitch among youth pitchers, especially for their ulnar collateral ligaments. No biomechanical studies have been conducted among youth pitchers comparing different types of pitches.HypothesisThe kinetics of the baseball throw varies significantly between the fastball, curveball, and change-up for youth pitchers. Kinematic and temporal differences are also expected.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsTwenty-nine youth baseball pitchers (age, 12.5 ± 1.7 years) pitched 5 fastballs, 5 curveballs, and 5 change-ups with maximum effort in an indoor laboratory setting. Data were collected with a 3-dimensional motion analysis system. Kinetic, kinematic, and temporal parameters were compared among the 3 pitches.ResultsFor elbow varus torque, shoulder internal rotation torque, elbow proximal force, and shoulder proximal force, the fastball produced the greatest values, followed by the curveball and then the change-up. The fastball also ...
Metabolic acidosis-induced hypercalcemia in an azotemic patient with primary hyperparathyroidism

A 58-year-old man with Stage 3b chronic kidney disease and primary hyperparathyroidism treated with cinacalcet was admitted for acute cholecystitis. A cholecystostomy tube was placed, estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased, metabolic acidosis developed and ionized calcium increased from 1.33 to 1.76 mM despite cinacalcet administration. A sodium bicarbonate infusion corrected the metabolic acidosis restoring ionized calcium to normal despite no improvement in renal function. The correlation between the increase in serum bicarbonate and decrease in ionized calcium was r = -0.93, P < 0.001. In summary, severe hypercalcemia was attributable to metabolic acidosis increasing calcium efflux from bone while renal failure decreased the capacity to excrete calcium.
Metric modifications for a massive spin 1 particle

Previous evaluations of long range one-photon and one-graviton-loop corrections to the energy-momentum tensor and the metric tensor describing spacetime in the vicinity of massive spinless and spin $1/2$ systems have been extended to particles with unit spin and speculations are confirmed concerning universal properties of such forms.
Make Money, Not War

Appeasing Bankers: Financial Caution on the Road to War. By Jonathan Kirshner. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2007. 248 pp., $24.95 (ISBN-13: 978-0-691-13461-1). The nature of financial and business interests on foreign economic policy issues is generally well understood. However, the demands these actors are likely to make on issues of war and peace are far less obvious. The role of the finance community, the subject of Jonathan Kirshner's Appeasing Bankers , is a case in point. Theorists of imperialism such as Hobson and Lenin held financiers responsible for the pursuit of empire in the late nineteenth century, while Schumpeter and others claimed that aggressive foreign policies were incompatible with the interests and attitudes of this societal group. Kirshner comes down firmly on Schumpeter's side of the debate, arguing that the macroeconomic consequences of war and aggressive foreign policies have consistently provoked opposition from the finance community. Kirshner argues that the anti-war outlook of the finance community stems from its interest in “macroeconomic stability,” including low inflation, robust and predictable interest rates, stable exchange rates, access to international capital markets, balanced government budgets, and limited taxation. War is antithetical to all of these goals and has often had disastrous effects on the interests of finance. Although this claim about bankers' preference for avoiding war is not new, it has rarely been subjected to direct empirical scrutiny. Earlier authors such as Ole R Holsti (1972) and Bruce M. Russett and Elizabeth Hanson (1975) have provided evidence that business and …
Vascular pathophysiology in hearing disorders

The inner ear vasculature is responsible for maintenance of the blood-labyrinth barrier, transport of systemic hormones for ion homeostasis, and supplying nutrients for metabolic functions. Unfortunately, these blood vessels also expose the ear to circulating inflammatory factors resulting from systemic diseases. Thus, while the inner ear blood vessels are critical for normal function, they also are facilitating pathologic mechanisms that result in hearing and vestibular dysfunction. In spite of these numerous critical roles of inner ear vasculature, little is known of its normal homeostatic functions and how these are compromised in disease. The objective of this review is to discuss the current concepts of vascular biology, how blood vessels naturally respond to circulating inflammatory factors, and how such mechanisms of vascular pathophysiology may cause hearing loss.
Mysticism and psychoanalysis.

Psychoanalysis is officially nonmystical or antimystical. It sticks pins in mystical bubbles. It understands mystical states as remnants of infantile experience, expressions of primitive drives and structures. Yet—as with so much in life—there are complexities and countertendencies. There seem to be mystical aspects to psychoanalysis and there seem to be mystical psychoanalysts, or analysts tinged with spiritual interests. Freud would have viewed this as regressive. He saw religion as a last great hurdle in freeing man’s mind for scientific inquiry. Men resort to religion to assuage a sense of helplessness, a heritage of infantile dependency. One wishes for a good outcome of what is a very fragile and rocky existence. Beatific promises soothe our fears. On the one hand, mystical states may be related to what Freud (1930) terms “primary ego-feeling,” a sense of all-embracing, limitless I-feeling, including an “intimate bond between the ego and the world around it” (p. 68). Here there is expanded boundary, sense of infinite inclusion, “oceanic feeling.” On the other hand, Freud (1941) notes, “Mysticism is the obscure selfperception of the realm outside the ego, of the id” (p. 300). Here the ego is more contracted, separate, “shrunken,” taken aback by what is outside it. Federn (1957), working with psychosis, picked up on boundary issues in Freud’s thought. He was fascinated with the observation that the I contracts and expands, including more or less of the world, body, and mind in its movements and identifications. The I and not-I keep shifting. Even the I and me-feeling can drop away as consciousness ticks on. One can somewhat rework Federn to speak of an originary cosmic I-feeling—everything included in its boundaries—a bound
5Hz Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to left prefrontal cortex for major depression.

Abstract Background Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to left prefrontal cortex at 10 Hz is the most commonly utilized protocol for major depressive disorder (MDD). Published data suggests that left sided 5 Hz rTMS may be efficacious and well tolerated. Objective We analyzed outcomes in a naturalistic cohort of MDD patients who could not tolerate 10 Hz rTMS and were routinely switched to 5 Hz. We hypothesized that the efficacy of 5 Hz rTMS would be equivalent to 10 Hz. Methods Records were reviewed for patients (n=98) who received 15 or more acute rTMS treatments. The sample was split based upon the frequency (10 or 5 Hz) at which the majority of treatments were delivered. The Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (IDS-SR) and 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate outcomes. Results Baseline IDS-SR was higher in the 5 Hz (n=27) than in the 10 Hz (n=71) group (p .1). Statistical power was sufficient to detect small group differences (d=.26). Limitations Open-label data in a naturalistic setting. Conclusion Outcomes associated with 5 Hz rTMS did not differ from 10 Hz, despite higher baseline depressive symptom severity and anxiety in 5 Hz patients. 5 Hz stimulation may be an alternative treatment option for patients unable to tolerate 10 Hz rTMS.
Amine-directed hydroboration: scope and limitations.

Iodine activation induces intramolecular hydroboration of homoallylic and bis-homoallylic amine boranes with good to excellent control of regiochemistry compared to control experiments using excess THF•BH3. Deuterium labeling and other evidence confirm that the iodine-induced hydroboration reaction of homoallylic amine boranes occurs via an intramolecular mechanism equivalent to the classical 4-center process and without competing retro-hydroboration. Longer carbon chain tethers result in lower regioselectivity, whereas the shorter tether in allylic amines results in a switch to dominant intermolecular hydroboration. Regioselectivity in THF•BH3 control experiments is higher for the allylic amine boranes compared to the iodine activation experiments, whereas the reverse is true for homoallylic amine borane activation.
Nonparametric estimation of volatility models with serially dependent innovations

We are interested in modelling the time series process yt = σ(xt)ǫt, where ǫt=φ0ǫt 1 + vt. This model is of interest as it provides a plausible linkage between risk and expected return of financial assets. Further, the model can serve as a vehicle for testing the martingale difference sequence hypothesis, which is typically uncritically adopted in financial time series models. When xt has a fixed design, we provide a novel nonparametric estimator of the variance function based on the difference approach and establish its limiting properties. When xt is strictly stationary on a strongly mixing base (hereby allowing for ARCH effects) the nonparametric variance function estimator by Fan and Yao (1998) can be applied and seems very promising. We propose a semiparametric estimator of φ0 that is p T consistent, adaptive, and asymptotic normally distributed under very general conditions on xt.
599: Uptake of cell free fetal DNA testing in women with positive serum screening

women with positive serum screening Shilpa Chetty, Joanne Taylor, Louanne Hudgins, Mary Norton Stanford University/Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Stanford, CA, Stanford University/Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford, CA OBJECTIVE: To investigate how the additional option of cell free fetal DNA (cffDNA) testing impacted women’s testing choices following a positive serum screening result STUDY DESIGN: Beginning in March 2012, all women referred to our Prenatal Diagnosis Center following a positive serum screening result were offered cffDNA as an alternative to invasive prenatal diagnosis. A query of the genetic counseling database was performed to identify all such patients and to determine follow up testing decisions. Results were compared to testing decisions during the prior year (March 2011 through March 2012). Outcomes were grouped into 4 categories: 1. CVS/amniocentesis; 2. cffDNA; 3. CVS/amniocentesis and cffDNA and 4. no follow up testing. Information regarding race/ethnicity was obtained. RESULTS: Between March and June 2012, there were 113 women with positive serum screening results who were offered cffDNA testing. CVS/amniocentesis was pursued by 39% (n 44), compared to 46% (301/639) of screen positive patients the previous year (p 0.15). cffDNA was chosen by 44% (50/113). Of patients who had cffDNA testing, 2 pursued amniocentesis despite cffDNA indicating low risk result for T13, T18 or T21; both had normal karyotypes. Two patients underwent amniocentesis confirmation following cffDNA results indicated a high risk for T21; both confirmed T21. From March to June 2012, 16% (18/113) declined all testing; as compared to 53% (338/ 639) who declined follow up testing the previous year when cffDNA was not available (p 0.05). Patients that declined all testing prior to cffDNA and following introduction of cffDNA were predominantly Hispanic (56% and 62% respectively). CONCLUSION: The introduction of cffDNA testing did not result in a significant decrease in the number of women who opted for invasive testing, perhaps due to small numbers. However, fewer women declined all follow up testing when a noninvasive option was available.
Constrained bandwidth waveforms with minimal dilation sensitivity

Bandpass waveforms which have envelopes which are insensitive to this velocity-induced time dilation can be efficiently processed by narrowband receivers in which envelope correlation is fixed and Doppler tested using fast Fourier transform (FFT) processing. The peak level of the waveform ambiguity function (AF) can be used to gauge the distortion of the waveform induced by dilation. The degree of AF attenuation is shown to be proportional to the dilation parameter or velocity, waveform traveling wave (TW) product, and a sensitivity parameter which depends on the envelope function utilized. Classes of symmetric, constrained bandwidth, phase modulated envelope functions which are minimally dilation sensitive (Doppler tolerant) are derived. When the resulting waveforms are used with a simple correlation receiver structure and the echo data is derived from slowly fluctuating point scattering in white Gaussian noise, the receiver becomes an uncoupled joint estimator of delay and dilation (Doppler). In the case of the bandpass waveforms, only odd symmetry of the phase modulation (PM) yields an uncoupled estimator. >
TREATMENT EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE OF N‐FIXING LICHENS IN DISTURBED SOIL CRUSTS OF THE COLORADO PLATEAU

Biological soil crusts arrest soil erosion and supply nitrogen to arid ecosys- tems. To understand their recovery from disturbance, we studied performances of Collema spp. lichens relative to four experimental treatments plus microtopography of soil pedicels, oriented north-northwest to south-southeast in crusts. At sites in Needles (NDLS) and Island in the Sky (ISKY) districts of Canyonlands National Park, lichens were transplanted to NNW, SSE, ENE, WSW, and TOP pedicel faces and exposed to a full-factorial, randomized block experiment with four treatments: nutrient addition (P and K), soil stabilization with polyacrylamide resin (PAM), added cyanobacterial fiber, and biweekly watering. After 14.5 mo (NDLS) and 24 mo (ISKY), both visual rankings of lichen condition and measures of chlorophyll fluorescence were generally higher at ISKY than on more fertile but less stable soils at NDLS. On ENE and NNW pedicel faces, both these values and nitrogenase activity (NDLS only) exceeded corresponding values on WSW and SSE faces. Treatment effects were site specific and largely negative at NDLS; both nutrient and cy- anobacterial addition led to poorer lichen condition, and added nutrients led to reduced fluorescence. Responses to nutrients may have been mediated partly by disturbance of unstable soils and by competition with cyanobacteria. In a separate experiment investigating recruitment responses to adding fungal spores or Nostoc cells, rates of Collema establishment responded significantly to the former but not the latter. Low establishment overall suggests that natural recruitment may occur mainly from iscidia or thallus fragments, not spores. Measured simultaneously on artificial soil pedicels at NDLS and ISKY, both deposition and erosion declined at NDLS across the four pedicel microaspects as: WSW . SSE . NNW . ENE (or ENE . NNW), during fall and spring trials. Patterns were similar at ISKY, but WSW SSE for spring deposition, and deposition did not differ by microaspect in fall. Greater deposition at ISKY, despite higher abundance of cyanobacteria, may be explained by stronger wind velocities. Together, microtopographic differences in erosion, microclimate, and nutrient regimes help explain variable lichen performance, but microtopography influenced lichen perfor- mance more consistently than did any treatment. Demonstrated effects of pedicel devel- opment in crust recovery concur with prior surveys showing greatest microbial biomass and/or cover on ENE and NNW exposures at various spatial scales.
A Precision, All-Purpose Microcamera1

This microscope, intended primarily for photography with transmitted or reflected light, and particularly at high powers, departs widely from conventional design, especially in massive structure, appropriate materials, and high precision. Its most novel part is the motor-driven fine focusing mechanism which is 100 times slower than on standard instruments; 1 scale division = 0.01 micron or 100A. With this precise control of focus and with material for investigation believed superior to any hitherto employed for testing lens quality, results are secured and illustrated which indicate that true depth of focus is substantially less and resolution substantially greater than current theory would permit. Thus, change of focus of 1000A can be plainly recognized; and a colored structure 1070A wide is revealed in a photograph at 3175 diameters. It is inquired whether existing microscopical theory may not need review. Since present lenses apparently surpass their theoretical limits, a plea is made for better lenses still.
Women researchers lead wage hikes

Women employed in the research and development fields in universities, government, and industry made substantial increases and lead men in salary gains in 1981, according to a far-reaching survey of 5000 respondents (Industrial Research and Development, April 1982). At the upper end, 20% of women researchers received salary increases of 14% or more, compared to 13% of the men. The raises were high in 1981; more than half the women in research and development had salary gains of over 9%. The employment picture for women in the scientific and technical fields is somewhat complicated by the affirmative efforts of hiring. More women were hired in 1981, and most newly hired women and men begin at the lowest salaries. This factor contributed to the reality that more women than men at the lower salary ranges received zero raises. However, according to the survey, this is not a trend, since the current efforts to add women in research fields are providing more rewards for women per amount of experience than for men: “…women working in R&D have far less experience than their male counterparts.” (IR&D, op cit.). The median years of experience is down in 1981 from previous years. Some 40% of the women surveyed had less than 6 years experience, compared to about 14% of the men. These figures contrast with those of the survey trends of previous years, which indicated a direct relation between salary and experience. It is still true that because larger numbers of men have over 16 years of experience, the highest paid employees in research and development fields are men. It is noted, however, that in the beginning salary scales ($16–27 k/yr) women outnumber men.
Botulinum B treatment of the glabellar and frontalis regions: a dose response analysis.

BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin injections represent the most commonly performed cosmetic procedure in the US. There is an enormous reported experience documenting the efficacy of botulinum toxin A inj...
The Effects of Evaporation on Frontal Circulations

Abstract The condensation of water vapor in the ascent region of frontal zones has been shown by many studies to increase substantially the rate of frontogenesis. Phase change of water substance in the downdraft has, however, received comparatively little attention. Here we add evaporation of falling rain to a semigeostrophic model of frontogenesis that also allows for condensation heating in the updraft, as in previous work. Evaporation of rain significantly increases the rate of frontogenesis and, more dramatically, leads to a strong, concentrated sloping downdraft just beneath the narrow sheet of saturated ascent.
Junker Jörg on Patmos

During his time spent in the Wartburg Castle, Martin Luther experienced an intense exile and a crisis of identity that played a distinct role in the formation of his theology. This crisis of identity was brought about by his loss of friends, family, and purpose. My attestation in this article is that this exilic crisis quickly moved Luther to a radical rejection of monastic celibacy, thus preparing him for his own marriage three years later, and also created the perfect conditions in which Luther was able to accomplish the astounding feat of translating the New Testament into German in the course of only eleven weeks. Understanding Luther’s experience at the Wartburg as an exile allows us to properly assess the intense transformation of identity that Luther underwent and better understand how this radical shift of theology and impressive feat of translation were possible.
Single Image Shadow Removal via Neighbor-Based Region Relighting

In this paper we present a novel method for shadow removal in single images. For each shadow region we use a trained classifier to identify a neighboring lit region of the same material. Given a pair of lit-shadow regions we perform a region relighting transformation based on histogram matching of luminance values between the shadow region and the lit region. Then, we adjust the CIELAB \(a\) and \(b\) channels of the shadow region by adding constant offsets based on the difference of the median shadow and lit pixel values. We demonstrate that our approach produces results that outperform the state of the art by evaluating our method using a publicly available benchmark dataset.
Immunoglobulin Inclusions in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas

The occurrence and characteristics of intracellular immunoglobulin inclusions in non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are described. Lymphoma cells from three patients with immunoblastic sarcoma contained classic cytoplasmic, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive Russell bodies. Immunoperoxidase staining revealed monoclonal IgG ( k ) in two cases and a polyclonal pattern in the third case, where the tumor evolved from a reactive lesion. Unusual cytoplasmic inclusions were observed in the neoplastic cells of two patients with follicular center cell lymphoma. In one case large globular structures lacking a distinct limiting membrane were seen, while the cells of the other patient contained “signet-ring-like” vacuoles filled with microvesicles. Both were PAS-negative and showed monoclonal immunoglobulin staining. In two other cases PAS-positive intranuclear inclusions consisting of monoclonal immunoglobulin IgM(κ) could be demonstrated. The possible significance of these findings in B-lymphocyte derived neoplasms is discussed.
Ex vivo ovine model for head and neck surgical simulation.

Abstract Objective To evaluate a fresh, ovine/sheep head and neck tissue model to teach otolaryngology-head and neck surgical techniques. Study design Observational animal study. Setting A university animal resource facility. Methods Tissue was collected from pre-pubescent sheep (n = 10; mean age: 4 months; mean mass: 28 kg) following humane euthanasia at the end of an in vivo protocol. No live animals were used in this study. The head and neck of the sheep were disarticulated and stored at 5 °C for 1–5 days. The tissues were tested in a variety of simulated procedures by a medical student and four fellowship-trained otolaryngology faculty. Practicality and similarity to human surgeries were assessed. Results While ovine head and neck structures are proportionally different, the consistencies of skin, subcutaneous tissues and bone are remarkably similar to that seen in human dissection. Particularly useful were the eyelids and orbits, facial nerve and parotid gland, mandible, anterior neck and submandibular triangle. Surgeries performed included blepharoplasty, ptosis repair, orbital floor exploration, facial nerve dissection and repair, mandibular plating, tracheotomy, laryngofissure, tracheal resection and laryngectomy. The model was also useful for flexible and microsuspension laryngoscopy. Conclusion Fresh, ovine tissue provides a readily available, anatomically compatible, affordable, model for training in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. The use of sheep tissues carries a low risk for disease transmission and is ethically defensible. Structural variations in the sheep temporal bone, paranasal sinuses and skull base anatomy limit the usefulness of the model for surgical training in these areas.
Scientists Taking a Nature of Science Course: Beliefs and Learning Outcomes of Career Switchers.

The purpose of the study was to examine what scientists studying to become teachers know about the nature of science (NOS) before, during and after a course focused on NOS. The 16 scientists had an average of 9.7 years of work experience. The course was structured to teach knowledge about the aspects of NOS, demonstrate effective methods of teaching NOS, provide examples of successful attempts at meaningfully incorporating NOS into science content, and give students an opportunity to design and teach their own lessons incorporating NOS. Data sources collected include a prepost test of Views of Science and Education, electronic discussion postings, written class assignment of a clinical interview with an adolescent about NOS, video recordings of teaching, and individual interviews conducted three months after the course. Quantitative and qualitative data indicate that the scientists entered the course with much knowledge regarding the tentativeness of science and the nature of observations. There were significant gains in sophistication of view of NOS with regard to the following aspects of NOS: (a) knowing that variety of scientific methods exist, (b) the role of theories and laws, (c) the use of imagination, and (d) the role of subjectivity and objectivity in science.
Yielding of Silt at High Temperature and Suction Magnitudes

This study presents an evaluation of yielding mechanisms for unsaturated, compacted silt using drained triaxial compression tests with control of elevated temperatures and high suction magnitudes. After anisotropic compression, some compacted silt specimens were heated by approximately 40 °C before a suction of approximately 300 MPa was applied, while others were heated after suction application. A frictional response was observed for the specimens sheared under high suction magnitudes, in the form of a consistent increase in peak shear strength with increasing net confining stress. An effective stress analysis was used to evaluate the trends in the peak shear stress and the role of stress history for the different specimens. A single peak failure envelope was observed when the shear strength data was interpreted in terms of the mean effective stress. Changes in preconsolidation stress were estimated by identifying the intersections between a thermo-elasto-plastic yield function and the experimental peak shear strength values. Soil specimens heated before application of high suction values had lower peak shear strengths than reference specimens at high suction and ambient temperature. This behaviour is consistent with thermal softening trends observed in soils heated under low suction values. However, soil specimens heated after suction application had greater peak shear strengths than the reference specimens. This indicates heating under high suction results in hardening. The impact of suction on the preconsolidation stress was found to be better represented by a power law model at high suction magnitudes than other available models. The estimated preconsolidation stress values were used to evaluate the impacts of stress history on the thermal volume change response, which matched well with data from tests on saturated specimens.
Effects of saturated and unsaturated fat on cholesterol metabolism in the rat.

Summary1. Rats fed a diet containing 20% corn oil have significantly lower concentrations of serum cholesterol than those fed equal amounts of coconut oil but both high-fat diets lead to elevation of serum cholesterol above that seen on control diets. 2. There is a very marked increase in esterified cholesterol of livers of rats fed corn oil whereas coconut oil-fed rats show no significant changes in liver cholesterol compared to controls. 3. Rate of incorporation of 1-C14-acetate or of T2O is higher in corn oil-fed rats than in others. 4. Some implications with respect to the mechanism by which unsaturated fats alter cholesterol metabolism are discussed.
Knocking Sense from Old Rocks: Typologies and the Narrow Perspective of the Angostura Point Type

(1993). Knocking Sense from Old Rocks: Typologies and the Narrow Perspective of the Angostura Point Type. Lithic Technology: Vol. 18, No. 1-2, pp. 16-27.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: neoadjuvant therapies and pathology

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal human malignancies with less than 5% five-year survival rate. Despite significant improvements in medical and surgical oncology and postoperative mortality rate, the overall survival for patients with pancreatic cancer has not changed significantly in the last four decades. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NCT) is increasingly used to treat patients with potentially resectable PDAC, especially for patients with borderline resectable disease. However, analysis of prognostic factors is limited for patients with PDAC treated with NCT and pancreaticoduodenectomy. We systemically examined the pancreaticoduodenectomy specimens from 240 consecutive patients with PDAC who received NCT and pancreaticoduodenectomy between 1999 and 2007 at our institution. We found that posttreatment pathologic stage, pathologic tumor response grading, tumor involvement of the superior mesenteric/portal vein, tumor invasion into the muscular vessels, and perineural invasion are significant prognostic factors in our patient population. Therefore careful pathologic evaluation of the pancreatectomy specimens plays a key role in predicting prognosis of patients with PDAC who received NCT and pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Evaluation of Control Effect on Occupational Hazards of Radiotherapy Center in a Hospital

[Objective]To carry out the radiation protection evaluation of control effect on occupational hazards in a radiotherapy center,in order to ensure the health and safety of radiation workers and surrounding people. [Methods]The evaluation was conducted according to the Specifications for compilation of occupational hazard evaluation report in radiological protection on construction project(GBZ/T 181-2006). [Results]The shield and protection measures in this radiotherapy center were in accordance with the requests of national standard. [Conclusion]When the radiotherapy center runs normally,the health and safety of radiation workers and surrounding people can be ensured.
Successful orthotopic canine heart transplantation after 24 hours of in vitro preservation

A protocol was developed to provide continuous, hypothermic, low-pressure perfusion for 24 hours' preservation of the isolated canine heart prior to orthotopic transplantation. Donor cardiectomy included coronary vasodilatation with diltiazem, potassium arrest, and rapid cooling of the heart. The graft was perfused at a pressure of 18 to 22 cm H2O and at an average flow of 0.743 cc/min/gm of tissue. The septal temperature was 5° to 7° C and perfusate pH was 7.25 to 7.4. Two groups of mongrel dogs were studied after orthotopic transplantation: Group I (n = 15) received hearts perfused for 24 hours. Group II (n = 9) received hearts removed by the same cardiectomy technique, but transplanted immediately. All grafts were able to support the recipient circulation after cardiopulmonary bypass. There was no significant difference in survival or in graft function when hemodynamic studies were done in five animals of each group, between 5 and 10 days after operation. We conclude that a reliable and reproducible method of 24 hours' in vitro perfusion of the canine heart has been obtained and should be applicable in clinical cardiac transplantation when prolonged periods of preservation are required.
The clinical usefulness of orally administered hypoglycemic agents.

The three orally administered hypoglycemic agents currently available in the United States are tolbutamide, chlorpropamide and phenformin.When effective, these compounds reduce blood glucose levels, quantitatively reduce glycosuria, and reduce the net hepatic glucose output.Tolbutamide appears to be effective in older patients with mild diabetes; chlorpropamide seems the treatment of choice in more severe cases. Phenformin may be used alone or as an adjunct to insulin therapy. Generally, side effects are sufficiently mild to be counteracted by cessation or reduced dosage of the drugs. In some cases, however, severe and irreversible damage has occurred.
Statistical Characterization of Hazards and Risk in Coastal Areas

We examine the foundation for hazard/risk assessment and its application to coastal problems. Historically, emphasis was on specifying expected values of wind waves and storm surges; however, as shown by the recent tsunamis in Southeast Asia in 2004 and in Japan in 2011, there are critical parts of the world where tsunamis represent the dominant threat to coastal communities. Recently, there has been an increased awareness of the combined effects of heavy rainfall and/or river discharge with surge levels and strong winds. This forcing combination played an important role in the flooding in southern Louisiana during Hurricane Isaac in 2012, where water levels exceeded the 500-year return interval levels. Such forcing combinations complicate both the modeling systems required for their simulation and the treatment of the multivariate probabilities that define the relative importance of their impacts.
Help, my rating looks bad! Coding comorbidities in arthroplasty

In medicine today, there is a trend toward increasing transparency. Higher quality and better value are being sought, and one of the methods being used is publicly reported health care outcomes. However, there is a problem that comes from our loss of anonymity. Physicians who are being individually watched have to choose between doing what is best for the patient and doing what would look good when it is publicly reported. Often this might mean choosing not to treat a particularly sick patient who is unlikely to have a good outcome. Adjusting outcomes to account for risk factors should be a way to prevent this effect, but these methods need to be studied more. The current performance measures being released are based on administrative claims data, and to date, much of that information is not properly risk adjusted. To ensure that the increasing transparency reveals an accurate picture, it is critical that the complexity of care provided by surgeons be carefully documented. Therefore, we propose accurate coding of patients' comorbidities during hospitalization for total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty, and we have included a chart detailing our recommendations of the specific diagnostic codes that are most important.
A Comprative Study of the Karhunen-Loeve Transform Applied to Selected LPC Coefficients

This paper proposes a method for studying the behavior of the Karhunen-Loeve transform of three sets of parameters commonly used in Linear Predictive Coding of speech. The method is applied to a set of utterances.
The Underground Economies: Tax Evasion and Information Distortion

(1990). The Underground Economies: Tax Evasion and Information Distortion. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 948-950.
The Behavior Patterns of Investors in Thailand Stock Market

The purpose of this paper is to investigate behavioral patterns expressed by investors in the Thailand stock market. The paper examines investment decision-making processes in the context of the current financial market in Thailand to shed some light on behavioral-induced pattern behind such investments. Data for this research was collated from 8 individual investors by semi-structured and in-depth interview. There are four behavioral factors of individual investors in Thailand Stock Exchange: Overconfidence, Excessive Optimism, Psychology of risk, and Herding Behavior. Securities Companies may also use the findings of this research for better understanding on investors’ decision to give better recommendations to them. Stock prices then reflect their true value and Thailand stock market becomes the yardstick of the economy’s wealth and helps enterprises to raise capital for business activities.
Pain Catastrophizing Mediates the Relationship Between Trait Happiness and Depressive Symptoms in Individuals with Current Pain

Relatively little research has examined the contributions of pain-specific factors, such as pain intensity, and normative factors, such as positive emotions, in predicting depression. This study characterized the independent contributions of pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, and trait happiness to depressive symptoms in 70 volunteers across three groups: two groups with current low back pain and those in a methadone maintenance treatment program. Results suggested no direct relationships between pain and either trait happiness or depressive symptoms, but participants reporting higher levels of trait happiness tended to report lower levels of depressive symptomatology, an effect mediated by lower levels of pain catastrophizing. Though unrelated to pain, trait happiness may alter pain-relevant outcomes through reduced catastrophizing levels.
Tourism, Performance, and Place: A Geographic Perspective

Tourism geography has been a latecomer to the interdisciplinary field of tourism studies, well short on theoretical treatises. Thus, it is most welcome that the Ashgate Series “New Directions in Tourism Analysis” features this groundbreaking work by a group of cultural geographers. Tourism, Performance, and Place is the remarkable, ambitious venture launched by four closely collaborating colleagues from Indiana University. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Scandinavian Physical Education

(1973). Scandinavian Physical Education. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 66-68.
The Dream of Joseph: A Jungian Interpretation:

Religion and psychology both recognize the value of dreams as avenues into greater self-knowledge. Religion's specific interest is in discerning the revelatory dimension of dreams. This article exp...
A Model for the Granulite-Migmatite Association in the Archean Basement of Southwestern Montana

The Archean basement of the northern Gallatin and Madison Ranges, SW Montana, is dominantly composed of migmatititic, tonalitic gneisses, with interlayered pelitic schists, quartzites, and metabasites. Field, petrographic, mineral chemistry, and structural studies indicate that this system evolved along a clockwise P-T-t path. Peak metamorphic temperatures of 680–750°C and pressures of 6–8 kbar do not permit large-scale melting by means of vapor-absent reactions. The contemporaneous formation of anatectic migmatites and granulites occurs through complementary petrogenetic processes. Local vapor-present melting in the gneisses provides a local reservoir for water, which facilitates continuous mineral reactions in the amphibolite-granulite transition. Infiltration of water-rich solutions is required to produce the extensive migmatization. These melts, in turn, facilitate melt- enhanced deformation along pervasive ductile shear zones. This is one example of a granulite-migmatite association that formed as an open system.
Abstract 267: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce ER stress- and BID-dependent immunogenic cell death to suppress colorectal tumorigenesis

Prevention or early detection represents a key approach for reducing the mortality and morbidity of CRC. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been associated with decreased risk of CRC in numerous epidemiological studies, clinical trials, and animal model studies. However, the mechanism by which NSAIDs suppress colorectal tumorigenesis has remained unclear. We previously demonstrated that the chemopreventive effect of NSAIDs is mediated by a synthetic lethal interaction between death receptor signaling and loss of the gatekeeper APC tumor suppressor, which is dependent on the BH3-only Bcl-2 family member BID. In this study, we found a critical role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress upstream of death receptor signaling and BID activation. Elevated levels of ER stress and cell death markers were detected in advanced adenomas from patients taking NSAIDs including aspirin. Inhibiting ER stress using a pharmacological approach abolished the apoptotic effect of NSAIDs in CRC cells and normal colonic epithelial cells with APC loss and also suppressed the chemopreventive activity of the NSAID sulindac in APCMin/+ mice. Importantly, our results unveiled a critical role of ER stress and BID-dependent cell death in triggering immune-mediated elimination of nascent cells that lose APC. Markers of immunogenic cell death (ICD), including plasma membrane translocation of calreticulin and phagocytosis by dendritic cells, were suppressed in cells with BID knockout or ER stress inhibition. BID knockout or ER stress inhibition also reduced tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in sulindac-treated APCMin/+ mice. Collectively, our results suggest that NSAIDs suppress colorectal tumorigenesis by enhancing immunosurveillance through ER stress and BID-dependent ICD. These results provide novel insight into the chemopreventive mechanism of NSAIDs, which may help design more effective chemopreventive strategies and agents. Citation Format: Rochelle Elayne Fletcher, Brian Leibowitz, Yijun Wang, Fernando Concha-Benavente, Robert Ferris, Robert Schoen, Jian Yu, Lin Zhang. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce ER stress- and BID-dependent immunogenic cell death to suppress colorectal tumorigenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 267.
Results from mm-Wave Accelerating Structure High-Gradient Tests

We show high power test progress for 110 GHz high-gradient accelerating structures. The purpose of this work is to study the physics of particle accelerators in the mm-wave regime, as well as ultrahigh vacuum RF breakdown in such structures. The setup under investigation consists of a single-cell standing-wave accelerating cavity operated in the n-mode and fed via the TMm mode in a circular waveguide, which is in turn fed through a Gaussian horn. The cavities will be powered with nanosecond pulses from a MW gyrotron oscillator, allowing it to reach a peak accelerating gradient of 400 MeV/m.