cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simulations of the Ocean Response to a Hurricane: Nonlinear Processes

Abstract Superinertial internal waves generated by a tropical cyclone can propagate vertically and laterally away from their local generation site and break, contributing to turbulent vertical mixing in the deep ocean and maintenance of the stratification of the main thermocline. In this paper, the results of a modeling study are reported to investigate the mechanism by which superinertial fluctuations are generated in the deep ocean. The general properties of the superinertial wave wake were also characterized as a function of storm speed and central latitude. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) was used to simulate the open ocean response to realistic westward-tracking hurricane-type surface wind stress and heat and net freshwater buoyancy forcing for regions representative of midlatitudes in the Atlantic, the Caribbean, and low latitudes in the eastern Pacific. The model had high horizontal [Δ(x, y) = ⅙°] and vertical (Δz = 5 m in top 100 m) resolution...
Vocational Education in Corrections A Piece of a Bigger Pie

Vocational education is a vital area of programming for handicapped juvenile offenders. Vocational education programs should promote independence to counteract the dependency that is typically fostered in correctional institutions. In addition, vocational programs must include a transition component, which stresses critical job retention skills. The development of a vocational program that leads to successful job placement and retention depends upon the skills and cooperation of a variety of personnel within the institution and the community.
Effects of Cu diffusion from ZnTe:Cu/Ti contacts on carrier lifetime of CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells

We study the performance of CdS/CdTe thin film PV devices processed with a ZnTe:Cu/Ti contact to investigate how carrier lifetime (τ) in the CdTe layer is affected by Cu diffusion from the contact. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements show that τ decreases slightly as the contacting temperature increases in the temperature regime that produces “insufficient” Cu concentration in CdTe (∼room temperature to ∼250° C). However, τ increases significantly once the contact temperature is in the range that yields “optimum” Cu concentration and high-performance devices (∼280 to ∼320°C). At higher substrate temperatures (≫∼300° C), τ drops precipitously, consistent with a region previously identified as producing “excessive” Cu concentration - and poor device performance. The observed τ increase within the “optimum temperature” range not only suggests why high-performance devices may form at these contact temperatures using many different contact processes (including paste contacts), but may provide a significant clue as to why Cu-contact formation processes impart a broad latitude in other process parameters.
Application of sparse NMR restraints to large-scale protein structure prediction

The protein structure prediction algorithm TOUCHSTONEX that uses sparse distance restraints derived from NMR nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) data to predict protein structures at low-to-medium resolution was evaluated as follows: First, a representative benchmark set of the Protein Data Bank library consisting of 1365 proteins up to 200 residues was employed. Using N/8 simulated long-range restraints, where N is the number of residues, 1023 (75%) proteins were folded to a Cα root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) from native <6.5 A in one of the top five models. The average RMSD of the models for all 1365 proteins is 5.0 A. Using N/4 simulated restraints, 1206 (88%) proteins were folded to a RMSD <6.5 A and the average RMSD improved to 4.1 A. Then, 69 proteins with experimental NMR data were used. Using long-range NOE-derived restraints, 47 proteins were folded to a RMSD <6.5 A with N/8 restraints and 61 proteins were folded to a RMSD <6.5 A with N/4 restraints. Thus, TOUCHSTONEX can be a tool for NMR-based rapid structure determination, as well as used in other experimental methods that can provide tertiary restraint information.
Effect of shaving the chest of hirsute subjects on transthoracic impedance to self-adhesive defibrillation electrode pads ☆

Cardioversion and defibrillation are frequently performed by using large electrode pads 1 instead of hand-held electrode paddles. These pads are normally applied without external pressure; the electrode-skin contact is achieved by a self-adhesive nonconductive rim and backing. We noticed that in some hirsute subjects transthoracic impedance (TTI) was high. We hypothesized that in such subjects, the high TTI resulted from entrapped air (a poor conductor of electricity); the hirsute condition prevented good electrode-skin contact. We further hypothesized that shaving the chests of such subjects would allow improved electrode-skin contact, thereby significantly reducing TTI. ••• This study was approved by the Human Subjects Committee of the University of Iowa; informed written consent was obtained from all subjects. We studied 20 subjects in 2 groups. The first group consisted of 6 men and 5 women (age range 22 to 47 years, weight 50 to 119 kg). The subjects in this group were considered to have an average amount of hair (nonhirsute). The second group comprised 9 men whose chests were subjectively considered to be hirsute (Figure 1). Their ages ranged from 30 to 53 years, weight 84 to 109 kg. TTI measurements were obtained using a previously described test pulse method. 2 We used a modified commercially available defibrillator, which pre
Combined Linear Regression and Quadratic Classification Approach for an EEG-Based Prediction of Driver Performance

Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to reliably and non-invasively detect fatigue in drivers. In fact, linear relationships between EEG power-spectral estimates and indices of driver performance have been found during simplified driving tasks. Here we sought to predict driver performance using linear regression in a more complex paradigm. Driver performance varied widely between participants, often varying greatly within a single driving session. We found that a non-selective linear regression model did not generalize well between periods of stable and erratic driving, yielding large errors. However, prediction errors were significantly reduced by training a linear regression model on stable driving for each participant. To provide a confidence estimate for the stable driving model, a quadratic discriminate classifier was trained to detect the transition from stable to erratic driving from the EEG power-spectra. Combined, the regression model and classifier yielded significantly lower prediction errors and provided improved discrimination of poor driving.
Thermodynamic point defect model of barium titanate and application to the photorefractive effect

We present a model that provides a means for understanding the effects of crystal growth and processing conditions on the photorefractive properties of BaTiO3. The densities of photorefractive centers are calculated from a thermodynamic point defect model. This model allows for the existence of transition-metal dopants in multiple valence states and for the incorporation of more than one species with levels in the band gap. Beam-coupling gain and response time are calculated as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure of treatment for various dopant types and concentrations. The predicted behavior is compared with existing experimental data on BaTiO3 crystals, and implications for improving the photorefractive performance are discussed.
Computer Tools to Facilitate Brownfield Development

Brownfields are both a resource and a liability. Brownfield sites represent an opportunity to build the tax base and to rejuvenate decaying infrastructure and depressed communities. With ever-increasing pressures on existing infrastructure from both development and age, and the opportunities for more rational approaches to site remediation, brownfields and their associated infrastructure offer an attractive alternative to greenfield sites. These close links between site development and the provision of physical infrastructure emphasize one aspect of brownfield development as public works. This article focuses on the role of computer tools in facilitating the brownfield development process. It draws on examples of tools currently under development, existing research, and commercially available software to illustrate the application of the tools, their strengths and limitations, and issues related to data, comparative analysis, and interpretation of results.
An improved method for the electrophoretic separation and histochemical identification of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate synthetase using microgram quantities of crude cell extracts.

The enzyme, 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate synthetase, is required for de novo purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis and purine salvage and is rate limiting for purine synthesis, a property responsible for its being of particular interest in purine overproduction states. Consequently this enzyme is of central importance for cellular growth and development. The histochemical stain which we and others have previously used to detect the enzyme activity has been modified to be catalytically rather than stochiometrically dependent upon the formation of ATP. In addition, an electrophoresis system has been developed which separates human from mouse and hamster PribosePP synthetase while maintaining nearly complete enzyme activity.
The von Kries Hypothesis and a Basis for Color Constancy

Color constancy is almost exclusively modeled with diagonal transforms. However, the choice of basis under which diagonal transforms are taken is traditionally ad hoc. Attempts to remedy the situation have been hindered by the fact that no joint characterization of the conditions for {sensors, illuminants, reflectances} to support diagonal color constancy has previously been achieved. In this work, we observe that the von Kries compatibility conditions are impositions only on the sensor measurements, not the physical spectra. This allows us to formulate the von Kries compatibility conditions succinctly as rank constraints on an order 3 measurement tensor. Given this, we propose an algorithm that computes a (locally) optimal choice of color basis for diagonal color constancy and compare the results against other proposed choices.
Predicted MIMO performance in intra-vehicle channels

Intra-vehicle channels experience moderate to extreme multipath fading, which is best modeled by the hyper-Rayleigh channel. Using this model, MIMO transmission was simulated over the ranges of K values that were measured in vehicles, from 8 dB to -150 dB. MIMO simulations resulted in consistent channel capacity regardless of varying K values, which predicts that MIMO provides consistent channel behavior over the wide range of fading experienced in vehicles, potentially allowing for robust and reliable intra-vehicle communication.
Rates of Reoperation and Retinal Detachment after Macular Hole Surgery

Purpose To evaluate rates of reoperation and retinal detachment (RD) after macular hole surgery. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Participants Patients in the insurance claim–based MarketScan databases from 2007 through 2013 with a record of macular hole surgery. Methods Patients with macular hole surgery were identified. Cases of definite (the same eye was coded both times) and presumed (the eye laterality was not coded) macular hole reoperations within 2, 3, and 12 months were queried. In addition, cases of postoperative RD within 2, 3, and 12 months were captured. Main Outcome Measures Rates of macular hole reoperation and postoperative RD, including subgroup analysis based on presence or absence of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. Results Records of 23465 macular hole surgeries among 20 764 patients were analyzed. Among presumed reoperations, the rates of reoperation were 4.3% (4.1% after ILM peeling and 5.0% after no ILM peeling; P = 0.01) within 2 months of surgery, 5.5% (5.3% after ILM peeling and 6.2% after no ILM peeling; P = 0.03) within 3 months of surgery, and 9.5% (9.0% after ILM peeling and 11.0% after no ILM peeling; P = 0.01) within 12 months of surgery. The rates for definite reoperations were 1.3% (1.2% after ILM peeling and 1.8% after no ILM peeling; P = 0.04) at 2 months, 1.7% (1.6% after ILM peeling and 2.5% after no ILM peeling; P = 0.004) at 3 months, and 4.1% (3.3% after ILM peeling and 7.5% after no ILM peeling; P P = 0.007), 3 months (2.8% vs. 2.1%; P = 0.004), and 12 months (4.7% vs. 3.3%; P Conclusions In this sample, reoperations for macular hole were performed at low rates. Internal limiting membrane peeling was associated with lower rates of reoperation and RD.
A methodology for procedure cloning

Procedure cloning is an interprocedural transformation where the compiler creates specialized copies of procedure bodies. The compiler divides incoming calls between the original procedure and its copies. By carefully partitioning the calls, the compiler ensures that each clone inherits an environment that allows for better code optimization. This paper presents a three-phase algorithm for deciding when to clone a procedure. The algorithm seeks to avoid unnecessary code growth by considering how the information exposed by cloning will be used during optimization. We present a set of assumptions that bound both the algorithm's running time and code expansion.
Contested Morality: Judge Posner on Infanticide, Slavery, Suttee, Female Genital Mutilation, and the Holocaust

Judge Richard Posner locates his moral theory between moral absolutism and the "anything goes" kind of moral relativism. He analyzes whether five contested topics are subject to useful moral debate: infanticide, slavery, suttee, female genital mutilation, and the Holocaust. Each topic presents a different perspective on his own moral theory. But each one fails in a different way to place his own moral theory on a sound footing.
A model for quantifying oceanic transport and mesoscale variability in the Coral Triangle of the Indonesian/Philippines Archipelago

[1] The Indonesian Throughflow region (ITF) continues to pose significant research challenges with respect to its role in the global ocean circulation, the climate system, and the ecosystem sustainability in this region of maximum marine biodiversity. Complex geography and circulation features imply difficulties in both observational and numerical studies. In this work, results are presented from a newly developed high-resolution model for the Coral Triangle (CT) of the Indonesian/Philippines Archipelago specifically designed to address regional physical and ecological questions. Here, the model is used to quantify the transport through the various passages, sea surface temperature and mesoscale variability in the CT. Beyond extensive skill assessment exhibiting the model ability to represent many conspicuous features of the ITF, the high-resolution simulation is used to describe the mesoscale and submesoscale circulation through the application of Finite Size Lyapunov Exponents (FSLEs). The distribution of FSLEs is used to quantify the spatiotemporal variability in the regional mixing characteristics. The modeled seasonal and interannual variability of mixing suggests a link to large-scale climate signals such as ENSO and the Asian-Australian monsoon system.
Toward real-time grocery detection for the visually impaired

We present a study on grocery detection using our object detection system, ShelfScanner, which seeks to allow a visually impaired user to shop at a grocery store without additional human assistance. ShelfScanner allows online detection of items on a shopping list, in video streams in which some or all items could appear simultaneously. To deal with the scale of the object detection task, the system leverages the approximate planarity of grocery store shelves to build a mosaic in real time using an optical flow algorithm. The system is then free to use any object detection algorithm without incurring a loss of data due to processing time. For purposes of speed we use a multiclass naive-Bayes classifier inspired by NIMBLE, which is trained on enhanced SURF descriptors extracted from images in the GroZi-120 dataset. It is then used to compute per-class probability distributions on video keypoints for final classification. Our results suggest ShelfScanner could be useful in cases where high-quality training data is available.
Terrestrial Locomotion—Where Do We Stand, Where Are We Going? An Introduction to the Symposium

Locomotion is fundamental to the survival of many animal species, and terrestrial environments are one of the primary habitats through which a wide range of animals (including humans) must move. Many recent efforts have been made to broaden the approaches and systems used to understand how terrestrial locomotion is executed and modulated. This symposium highlights these efforts and seeks to identify new directions for the study of this diverse behavior. Studies focusing on the structural and functional foundations of terrestrial locomotion, terrestrial locomotor dynamics, and terrestrial locomotor diversity point toward several promising areas for future work. These include: the development, application, and refinement of computational and robotic models; the integration of approaches to clarify which of multiple layers of selection and biological organization influence locomotor performance; increasing the taxonomic, environmental, and behavioral range of study systems to promote new research syntheses and questions; and expansion of studies from laboratory settings to examinations in the field and in the context of ontogenetic and evolutionary time. With new, integrative data from diverse systems in natural settings, new opportunities will emerge for understanding how locomotion contributes to the survival and fitness of terrestrial animals.
Testing the geometric clutch hypothesis.

The Geometric Clutch hypothesis is based on the premise that transverse forces (t-forces) acting on the outer doublets of the eukaryotic axoneme coordinate the action of the dynein motors to produce flagellar and ciliary beating. T-forces result from tension and compression on the outer doublets when a bend is present on the flagellum or cilium. The t-force acts to pry the doublets apart in an active bend, and push the doublets together when the flagellum is passively bent and thus could engage and disengage the dynein motors. Computed simulations of this working mechanism have reproduced the beating pattern of simple cilia and flagella, and of mammalian sperm. Cilia-like beating, with a clearly defined effective and recovery stroke, can be generated using one uniformly applied switching algorithm. When the mechanical properties and dimensions appropriate to a specific flagellum are incorporated into the model the same algorithm can simulate a sea urchin or bull sperm-like beat. The computed model reproduces many of the observed behaviors of real flagella and cilia. The model can duplicate the results of outer arm extraction experiments in cilia and predicted two types of arrest behavior that were verified experimentally in bull sperm. It also successfully predicted the experimentally determined nexin elasticity. Calculations based on live and reactivated sea urchin and bull sperm yielded a value of 0.5 nN/µm for the t-force at the switch-point. This is a force sufficient to overcome the shearing force generated by all the dyneins on one micron of outer doublet. A t-force of this magnitude should produce substantial distortion of the axoneme at the switch-point, especially in spoke or spoke-head deficient motile flagella. This concrete and verifiable prediction is within the grasp of recent advances in imaging technology, specifically cryoelectron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. © 2004 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.
Thrombosis and bleeding in cancer patients

It is well recognized that thrombosis and bleeding are two major complications seen in cancer patients. Recent advances in both basic and clinical observations have enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of both phenomena. In this article, the significance of thrombotic complications is reviewed first. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the present day concept of thrombogenesis in cancer based on Virchow’s original triad of aberrant blood flow, loss of vascular integrity and altered blood components. While most cancer patients experience bleeding at some time during the course of their illness, there are special situations that increase bleeding diathesis. These include thrombocytopenia, endothelial injury, acquired hemophilia and adverse effects of drugs. Recognition of these factors will assit in the adoption of appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures.
2 Clinical Trials for Rare Lung Diseases

Clinical trial designs for rare lung diseases must meet the same rigorous standards as do designs for trials for diseases that occur with much more frequency. However, there are many different types of study designs; some of which require only a fraction of the number of subjects required to the randomized controlled trial, which is often considered the gold standard. Alternate designs can address those issues by the use of external or historical controls or with participants serving as their own control. In the case of external or historical controls, all patients to be recruited on a proposed study would receive the new or experimental therapy and their outcomes would be compared to a population that had already been treated by a standard therapy. If historical data are valid and available, this is a very efficient design because it requires fewer patients to be accrued. The downside of such a design is that the selection of historical controls must be made with extreme caution so as not to bias the study results. A design that avoids this problem is the use of concurrent controls for which partic- ipants can serve as their own control. Such designs are desirable if there is less within patient variability in a treatment response than there is between-patient variability. In such cases, outcome estimates will have less variance and the study design will require less accrual. Examples of these designs include cross-over designs and "N-of-1" designs. A design that is well suited to rare events and rare diseases is the case-control design. In such a design, individuals in whom a certain outcome has been observed (disease severity or particular event) are matched to controls who did not have such an outcome and then the two groups are compared with respect to a particular intervention or exposure. Such designs can be developed from prospective as well as retrospective data collection perspectives. Examples of prospectively randomized designs include cross-over designs as well as factorial designs. In the former, participants are randomized to a treatment arm for a period at the end of which the outcome is assessed and then "crossed over" to the other treatment. The cross-over design makes the same assumptions as do "N-of-1" trials where participants are randomized to pairs of therapies given in random sequence and a washout period is assumed to eliminate the affect of the treatment after the intervention
Fetal Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction (LUTO): a practical review for providers

Fetal lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) is a serious condition, which commonly results in marked perinatal morbidity and mortality. The characteristic prenatal presentation of LUTO includes an enlarged bladder with bilateral obstructive uropathy. While mild forms of the disease result in minimal clinical sequelae, the more severe forms commonly lead to oligohydramnios, dysplastic changes in the fetal kidneys, and ultimately result in secondary pulmonary hypoplasia. The aim of this review is to provide practitioners with a practical and concise overview of the presentation, evaluation, and treatment of LUTO.
A taxonomy characterizing complexity of consumer eHealth Literacy.

There are a range of barriers precluding patients from fully engaging in and benefiting from the spectrum of eHealth interventions developed to support patient access to health information, disease self-management efforts, and patient-provider communication. Consumers with low eHealth literacy skills often stand to gain the greatest benefit from the use of eHealth tools. eHealth skills are comprised of reading/writing/numeracy skills, health literacy, computer literacy, information literacy, media literacy, and scientific literacy [1]. We aim to develop an approach to characterize dimensions of complexity and to reveal knowledge and skill-related barriers to eHealth engagement. We use Bloom’s Taxonomy to guide development of an eHealth literacy taxonomy that categorizes and describes each type of literacy by complexity level. Illustrative examples demonstrate the utility of the taxonomy in characterizing dimensions of complexity of eHealth skills used and associated with each step in completing an eHealth task.
Strategic Planning at the New York Botanical Garden (B)

This case series (see also the A case, UVA-BP-0383) traces the formulation and implementation of a strategic plan for the New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), and profiles, in detail, the highly inclusive and original planning process used. The NYBG planning process reflects many of the themes of creativity, inclusiveness, and vision that characterize the concepts of strategic thinking, collaboration, and empowerment so prevalent in recent business discussions. The B case takes place in 1997, five years into the plan's seven-year time horizon. It reviews the dramatic successes the plan has made possible at the Garden.
The Use and Abuse of Science in Policymaking

The modern techniques of genetic engineering offer plant breeders the tools to make old organisms do spectacular new things. Based on empirical data and scientific principles, there is unequivocal scientific consensus that genetic engineering is no less safe than other, traditional methods of gene manipulation, yet genetic engineering is controlled by strict regulation in both the United States and abroad while the other forms face dramatically lower regulatory hurdles. This article examines the science, politics, and consequences of this difference and argues for a more rational policy.
Entrustable Professional activities and curricular milestones for fellowship training in pulmonary and critical care medicine: Executive summary from the multi-society working group

Assessment of graduate medical trainee progress via the accomplishment of competency milestones is an important element of the Next Accreditation System of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. This article summarizes the findings of a multisociety working group that was tasked w
OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF INHOMOGENEOUS ISOTROPIC PLATES WITH HOLES BY MIMICKING BONES

Holes in engineering structures cause stress concentrations that often lead to failure. In nature, however, the holes (foramina) in load-bearing bones are not normally involved in structural failures. In previous work, this was linked to the material distribution near the hole. In the present paper, a design procedure was developed which designs the elastic modulus distribution around a hole in an inhomogeneous isotropic plate in an attempt to mimic a bone with a foramen. Bezier curves were used to model inhomogeneous material distributions. A non-dimensional normalized failure index was minimized. Different materials, load conditions, near field widths, and failure models were considered. The results show that the optimal inhomogeneous plate with a hole has a material distribution pattern similar to that of a bone with a foramen, the stress varies smoothly, and the reduction of the strength due to the hole can be completely eliminated.
Integration and Monitoring of Basic Support Services Based on Proxy Interception for Intelligent Hydropower Plant

The real-time monitoring and communication layer on basic support services of intelligent hydropower plant is mainly introduced.The principle,the structure and the function of the basic support services are described in detail.A unified information analysis solution based on proxy interception of services is put forward.The characteristics of this design and the running process are analyzed.A unified and efficient monitoring and communication architecture for services of intelligent hydropower plant is provided.
Current Situation of Health Education Course in Jiangsu Province and Proposals for School Health Education Course

Objective To investigate the current situation of health education course in primary and middle schools in Jiangsu Province and provide scientific basis for the policy making bodies Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 34 primary and middle schools in urban and rural areas in 5 cities in different parts of Jiangsu Province The data of physical examination of the students in 10 schools in Nanjing city were analyzed Results 1 79% of the investigated schools did not have full time teachers of health education; 2 62% of the investigated schools failed to use appropriate health education textbooks with systematic accurate health knowledge; 3 some of the schools failed to provide sufficient class hours for health education;4 most of the schools, with insufficient and not so high quality school doctors, did not pay enough attention to the common disease prevention among students Conclusion The current situation of health education course in Jiangsu Province is not satisfactory
Perceived access to health services and provider information and adverse birth outcomes: findings from LaPRAMS, 2007-2008.

OBJECTIVES Despite targeted public health efforts, racial disparities and poor birth outcomes are still apparent, particularly in the southern United States. Previous research through qualitative and modest quantitative research demonstrates a possible link between disparities in patient-provider conversations during prenatal visits, perceived access to prenatal care, and poor birth outcomes. METHODS A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the 2007-2008 Louisiana Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System to examine perceived access to healthcare services and information received and its impact on birth outcomes. Respondents consisted of 2460 white and black American women who recently experienced a live birth in the state of Louisiana. RESULTS Racial disparities among Louisiana mothers were evident, with black mothers experiencing significant perceived lack of services or access to resources from a healthcare or insurance provider and poorer birth outcomes. White mothers reported experiencing less access based on the lack of vital prenatal care information from a healthcare provider. Self-perceived access was significantly associated with preterm birth for black women (odds ratio 2.94, 95% confidence interval 1-8; P < 0.05) and infant mortality for white women (odds ratio 340.5, confidence interval 36-999); P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Findings support the need for a better understanding of discriminatory experiences and their impact on women's experiences during prenatal care and poor birth outcomes.
Emerging roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of DNAJB6 in cancer.

// Erhong Meng 1,3 , Lalita A. Shevde 1,2 and Rajeev S. Samant 1,2 1 Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA 2 Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA 3 Beijing DOING Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing,China Correspondence to: Rajeev S. Samant, email: // Keywords : DNAJB6; chaperone; cancer Received : February 03, 2016 Accepted : May 26, 2016 Published : June 02, 2016 Abstract DNAJB6 also known as mammalian relative of DnaJ (MRJ) encodes a highly conserved member of the DnaJ/Hsp40 family of co-chaperone proteins that function with Hsp70 chaperones. DNAJB6 is widely expressed in all tissues, with higher expression levels detected in the brain. DNAJB6 is involved in diverse cellular functions ranging from murine placental development, reducing the formation and toxicity of mis-folded protein aggregates, to self-renewal of neural stem cells. Involvement of DNAJB6 is implicated in multiple pathologies such as Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s diseases, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cancer. This review summarizes the important involvement of the spliced isoforms of DNAJB6 in various pathologies with a specific focus on the emerging roles of human DNAJB6 in cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Passive immunity for arbovirus infection. II. Quantitative aspects of naturally and artificially acquired protection in mice for Japanese (B) encephalitis virus.

In an effort to obtain quantitative data applicable to man which could not reasonably be obtained directly, a series of experiments was carried out in mice. Progeny mice, whose mothers were immunized with various combinations of live and inactivated Japanese encephalitis (JBE) virus vaccines, were resistant to intraperitoneal challenge with JBE virus, relative to control mice. The basis of protection appeared to be maternal antibody, which by indirect evidence was of the IgG class. Protection and serum antibody levels in the progeny declined as the mice increased in size and age. Protection was directly proportional to the level of neutralizing antibody. This relationship could be duplicated by inoculating normal weanling mice with immune serum from other vaccinated mother mice. The presence of naturally or artificially acquired maternal antibody in progeny, in addition to protecting them against JBE virus challenge, also reduced the amount of new antibody they synthesized following injection of JBE virus. The amount of the reduction was a function of neutralizing antibody concentration at the time of challenge. When maternal antibody was nearly depleted, the antibody response in JBE-challenged progeny of immune mothers approached that of progeny of non-immunized mothers. By the methods employed, no major reproducible sex differences were observed either in sensitivity to virus or antibody response. The applicability of these results to man is discussed
Response rates of hepatic arterial infusion pump therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer liver metastases refractory to all standard chemotherapies.

Background and Objectives To evaluate the role of hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) liver metastases (LM) refractory to oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and fluorouracil-based treatments. Methods A search identified patients with mCRC treated after tumor progression on at least three standard systemic therapies. Results One hundred and ten patients met criteria for inclusion (i.e., progression on at least three standard agents). Fifty seven patients had LM-only and 53 patients had LM and low volume extrahepatic metastases (LME). Patients with LM-only and LME had a response rate (RR) of 33% and 36%, median survival of 20 months and 11.4 months, respectively. Patients with LM-only had progression free survival of 6 months and hepatic progression free survival of 7.56 months. In a secondary analysis, 46 patients were RECIST-refractory to all standard therapies: LM-only (n = 24) and LME (n = 22). LM-only and LME had a RR of 29% and 36%, and median survival 17.2 months and 9.1 months, respectively. Conclusions Patients with refractory mCRC LM can achieve a response to HAI resulting in antitumor activity and improvement in survival. Responses are rarely seen in such heavily treated patients with systemic therapy alone, suggesting a regional directed approach is useful. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:655–663. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced Passive Cooling for Waterless-Power Production Technologies

Recent advances in the literature and at SNL indicate the strong potential for passive, specialized surfaces to significantly enhance power production output. Our exploratory computational and experimental research indicates that fractal and swirl surfaces can help enable waterless-power production by increasing the amount of heat transfer and turbulence, when compared with conventional surfaces. Small modular reactors, advanced reactors, and non-nuclear plants (e.g., solar and coal) are ideally suited for sCO2 coolant loops. The sCO2 loop converts the thermal heat into electricity, while the specialized surfaces passively and securely reject the waste process heat in an environmentally benign manner. The resultant, integrated energy systems are highly suitable for small grids, rural areas, and arid regions.
Defining, Achieving, and Maintaining Competence in Cardiovascular Training and Practice.

Abstract Patients, hospitals, insurers, and the public rely on competent physicians. The definition and documentation of competency in cardiovascular training and practice continues to evolve. New tools, such as the American College of Cardiology’s in-training examination, restructured Core Cardiovascular Training Statement, curricular and lifelong learning competencies, and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestones help define competent trainees and practitioners, and level the playing field. The American Board of Internal Medicine’s Maintenance of Certification program is undergoing critical review, and a common vision of its future form and role are not yet clear. This paper explores present-day cardiovascular competency components, assessment tools, and strategies, and identifies challenges for the future.
Variation in French

Even though variationist sociolinguistics has not had a strong impact in France, the work of many Canadian, American, and British sociolinguists has greatly contributed to the development of variationist methodology and theory, and to a better knowledge and understanding of spoken French. From the pioneering work of Gauchat to the major sociolinguistic corpora collected in many communities, to the continued efforts of research teams to develop tools designed to better probe crucial questions of variation and change, and explore different types of speakers and communities, studies of variation in French have played a very central role in the evolution of this school of thought.
Comparison of several techniques for adaptive band-stop filters

Adaptive band-stop filters used for attenuation of narrow-band interference in spread-spectrum receivers or due to resonances in control systems and instrumentation are becoming more common as we pack more signals into limited bandwidth. Two techniques for implementing these adaptive band-stop filters include adaptive heterodyne filters and adaptive filters based on pre-stored filter coefficients. Simulations show that adaptive heterodyne filters have strong advantages in the case of high-speed applications particularly when the band-stop filter requires many taps with the pre-stored coefficient technique having advantages in low-speed applications and applications that can be achieved with a small number of filter taps.
Dielectric induction of molecular electronic energy transfer

Electronic energy transfer from the first and higher states of excited naphthalene molecules to biacetyl molecules was observed from 560-nm photosensitized biacetyl emission.
Competency‐based Clinical Supervision: Status, Opportunities, Tensions, and the Future

Although competency-based clinical supervision has been adopted in many international clinical training settings, acceptance has been variable with scholarly opinion outpacing actual practice. The transtheoretical molecular model, as articulated by Gonsalvez and Calvert (2014), offers a structure for advancing competency-based supervision and an important contribution, providing for definition of content and processes implicit in supervision practice. Barriers to implementation of competency-based supervision include lack of consensus on effective supervision practices, lack of empirical support for the model, and an absence of systematic training in clinical supervision during the training trajectory. However, the competency-based model, when implemented with fidelity to an explicit approach with designated competencies (Falender & Shafranske, 2017; Gonsalvez & Calvert, 2014) provides essential components for implementation. These include supervisee and supervisor self-assessment of competence as a platform for goal setting, establishment of a collaborative supervisory relationship through this process, attention to the power differential implicit in the relationship, with a promise of transparency in feedback provided through competence assessment and monitoring, attention to diversity and multicultural personal factors, and ethical, legal, and regulatory factors. The process of supervision enhances the supervisee's metacompetence, or awareness of what he/she knows and does not know, and skill development through systematic targeted monitoring and feedback. However, significant tensions arise in balancing multiple supervisor roles and responsibilities involving multicultural and global competence. Steps are proposed to advance supervisor competence within competency-based supervision and the requisite practices are identified that define it as a model for future study and empirical analysis of supervision efficacy.
Aquatic food web response to patchy shading along forested headwater streams

In forested streams, changes in age and structure of riparian vegetation have been shown to directly influence the amount of light reaching the stream benthos. The potential for light to directly i...
Self-Efficacy’s Role in Unifying Self-Regulation Theories

Abstract On the way to finding a comprehensive theory of human behavior, protagonists from two perspectives—social cognitive theory and perceptual control theory—engaged in a debate over the roles of self-efficacy in determining human behavior. The debate represents a larger question of the role of cognitive constructs in explaining human behavior and the patience needed in elaborating a comprehensive, paradigm-level theory. Specifically, social cognitive theory could be seen as overemphasizing cognitive constructs, whereas perceptual control theory could be seen as underemphasizing them. Careful empirical and theoretical work, much of which is described here, provides a reconciliation and unification of these perspectives within a single, self-regulatory synthesis. This research and reconciliation demonstrates that self-efficacy can play multiple roles, some that negatively affect effort and performance and some that positively affect them. Yet, these roles are all useful for facilitating self-regulation. Moreover, the reconciliation demonstrates the usefulness of formally (e.g., with computational models) representing the processes the theory is meant to explain. Such a rendition makes clear the overlap and the contributions of each perspective to the larger goal of a paradigm for psychology.
PREDICTORS OF SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE AND MORTALITY FOLLOWING ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: A SINGLE-CENTER COHORT

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is a poorly understood phenomenon, reported in 3 to 7% of transplanted patients. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors that may predict HFrEF following OLT. This is a retrospective
Applications of Colon Capsule Endoscopy

This is a review of colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) with a focus on its recent developments, technological improvements, and current and potential future indications. Based on the current literature, CCE II demonstrates comparable polyp detection rates as optical colonoscopy and CT colonography, and improved cost-effectiveness. The main limitation to patient acceptance is the requirement of a rigorous bowel preparation. Preliminary studies show good correlation between CCE and optical colonoscopy for assessment of colonic disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). CCE II is currently FDA, approved as an adjunctive test in patients with prior incomplete colonoscopy, and in the evaluation of patients with suspected lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The test is approved in Europe as one of the options for average-risk colorectal cancer screening, and high-risk screening in patients with contraindications or unwilling to undergo colonoscopy. CCE has a potential role in the evaluation and monitoring of colonic disease activity in IBD. Future technological advances should focus on minimizing bowel preparation, improvement in reading times, and development of therapeutic capabilities. • With technological improvements, the second-generation colon capsule has a significantly higher sensitivity than the first-generation capsule for detection of colon polyps. • Colon capsule endoscopy has been approved in Europe as an option for average-risk colorectal cancer screening, and high-risk screening in patients with contraindications or unwilling to undergo colonoscopy. • Colon capsule endoscopy has received FDA approval as an option for colorectal cancer screening in patients with prior incomplete colonoscopy, and in evaluation of patients with suspected lower gastrointestinal bleeding. • Colon capsule endoscopy may have a role in evaluation and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease. • Colon capsule endoscopy currently requires a bowel preparation that is more rigorous than colonoscopy.
QAGView: Interactively Summarizing High-Valued Aggregate Query Answers

Methods for summarizing and diversifying query results have drawn significant attention recently, because they help present query results with lots of tuples to users in more informative ways. We present QAGView (Quick AGgregate View), which provides a holistic overview of high-valued aggregate query answers to the user in the form of summaries (showing high-level properties that emerge from subsets of answers) with coverage guarantee (for a user-specified number of top-valued answers) that is both diverse (avoiding overlapping or similar summaries) and relevant (focusing on high-valued aggregate answers). QAGView allows users to view the high-level summaries as clusters, and to expand individual clusters for their constituent result tuples. Users can fine-tune the behavior of QAGView by specifying a number of parameters according their preference. To help users choose appropriate parameters interactively, QAGView employ a suite of optimizations that enable quick preview of how the quality of the summaries changes over wide ranges of parameter settings, as well as real-time visualization of how the summaries evolve in response to parameter updates.
Raman spectroscopy of oxygen carrier particles in harsh environments

Fossil fuel combustion processes generate CO2, a greenhouse gas of considerable concern. To reduce this emission, the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is evaluating alternative combustion approaches, including chemical looping combustion (CLC). This technique generates relatively pure CO2, suitable for subsequent capture and storage. CLC uses oxygen-carrier particles (OCPs) such as iron oxides, copper oxides, calcium sulfates, etc. to provide oxygen for the combustion process. Optimization of the overall combustion process requires knowledge of the oxidation state (e.g., content of Fe2O3 vs. Fe3O4) of the OCPs during the different stages of the CLC process. Unfortunately, the ability to make on-line measurements of the oxidation state of OCPs in harsh environments is lacking and new sensors need to be developed. We are evaluating non-contact, stand-off Raman spectroscopy to determine the relative concentrations of the oxidized and reduced forms of OCPs at temperatures between 800 °C and 1000 °C, and pressures of about 10 atm. Using cw and pulsed Raman spectroscopy, in combination with a pressurized high-temperature sample chamber, we have optimized the operating parameters such as laser wavelength, laser intensity, collection optic design, focal spot size, etc. and measured Raman spectra of various OCP materials at high temperatures. To extract from the Raman spectra relevant information such as the concentration ratio of a material in different oxidation states, the measured data needs to be processed, and statistical modeling and multivariate calibration need to be performed.