cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Full dynamics LQR control of a humanoid robot: An experimental study on balancing and squatting

Humanoid robots operating in human environments require whole-body controllers that can offer precise tracking and well-defined disturbance rejection behavior. In this contribution, we propose an experimental evaluation of a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) using a linearization of the full robot dynamics together with the contact constraints. The advantage of the controller is that it explicitly takes into account the coupling between the different joints to create optimal feedback controllers for whole-body control. We also propose a method to explicitly regulate other tasks of interest, such as the regulation of the center of mass of the robot or its angular momentum. In order to evaluate the performance of linear optimal control designs in a real-world scenario (model uncertainty, sensor noise, imperfect state estimation, etc), we test the controllers in a variety of tracking and balancing experiments on a torque controlled humanoid (e.g. balancing, split plane balancing, squatting, pushes while squatting, and balancing on a wheeled platform). The proposed control framework shows a reliable push recovery behavior competitive with more sophisticated balance controllers, rejecting impulses up to 11.7 Ns with peak forces of 650 N, with the added advantage of great computational simplicity. Furthermore, the controller is able to track squatting trajectories up to 1 Hz without relinearization, suggesting that the linearized dynamics is sufficient for significant ranges of motion.
Single-Molecule Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Studies of the Human Telomerase RNA Pseudoknot: Temperature-/Urea-Dependent Folding Kinetics and Thermodynamics

The ribonucleoprotein telomerase is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that catalyzes the repetitive addition of a short, species-specific, DNA sequence to the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. The single RNA component of telomerase contains both the template sequence for DNA synthesis and a functionally critical pseudoknot motif, which can also exist as a less stable hairpin. Here we use a minimal version of the human telomerase RNA pseudoknot to study this hairpin–pseudoknot structural equilibrium using temperature-controlled single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) experiments. The urea dependence of these experiments aids in determination of the folding kinetics and thermodynamics. The wild-type pseudoknot behavior is compared and contrasted to a mutant pseudoknot sequence implicated in a genetic disorder–dyskeratosis congenita. These findings clearly identify that this 2nt noncomplementary mutation destabilizes the folding of the wild-type pseudoknot by substantially reducing the folding rate constant (≈ 400-fold) while only nominally increasing the unfolding rate constant (≈ 5-fold). Furthermore, the urea dependence of the equilibrium and rate constants is used to develop a free energy landscape for this unimolecular equilibrium and propose details about the structure of the transition state. Finally, the urea-dependent folding experiments provide valuable physical insights into the mechanism for destabilization of RNA pseudoknots by such chemical denaturants.
Monitoring extreme ice features using multi-resolution RADARSAT-2 data

Information on extreme ice features (ridges, icebergs etc.) is important for various marine operations. Satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is capable of monitoring sea ice, identifying and tracking ice features over broad spatial scales. This work investigates possibilities of extreme sea ice features retrieval from various RADARSAT-2 data. Several different beam modes and analysis techniques, such as polarimetric decompositions, were investigated. It was demonstrated that the spatial frequency of sea ice ridges has a very good correlation with the SAR backscatter coefficient. The problem of discriminating glacier ice from sea ice can be resolved by applying Pauli decomposition to full polarimetric data.
Preparing the Learner for New Learning.

(1980). Preparing the Learner for New Learning. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 19, Teaching Methods: Designs for Learning, pp. 6-9.
Patterns of early visual field loss in open-angle glaucoma.

The pattern of visual field loss in patients with low tension glaucoma may be different from that of patients with high tension glaucoma, suggesting two separate mechanisms for glaucomatous optic nerve damage. However, intraocular pressure criteria may not adequately segregate groups of patients with different causes of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. We identified two groups of open angle glaucoma patients with distinctly different patterns of early visual field loss. The first group showed diffuse depression of the differential light sensitivity throughout the entire visual field. The second group manifested localized, dense scotomata without depression of the remaining field. Patients in each visual field group were identified in a masked fashion using only visual field criteria, and were matched for total field loss. Significant differences in intraocular pressure levels and optic disc rim width were found between the two groups. Patients with diffuse loss had higher intraocular pressure and wider temporal optic disc rims than patients with localized loss.
Understanding particle defect transport in an ultra clean sputter coating process

Low-defect mask blanks remain a key technical challenge to Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL). The mask blank is ion-beam sputter-coated with an 81-layer Mo/Si multilayer stack for high reflectance at l = 13.4nm. The current mask coating process can achieve a median added defect level of 0.05 defects/cm2 (12 added defects 90nm or larger on a 200mm Si-wafer test substrate), but this must be reduced by about a factor of 10 to meet mask cost requirements for EUVL. To further reduce the particle defect level, we have studied pathways for particle transport, using test particles and particles native to the coating process, and combined the results into a computational model of particle transport in an ion-beam sputter system. At process pressure, gas drag is negligible for particles above 100nm, so particles travel ballistically until they hit a surface. Bounce from chamber walls allows particles to reach all surfaces in the chamber if they have initial velocities above ~100m/s. The ion beam has sufficient momentum to entrain slower particles and accelerate them toward the sputter target, where some can bounce to the substrate. The model shows preliminary agreement with experimental defect distributions on witness wafers at various positions within the coating chamber.
Biological synthesis unbounded

Chemical synthesis of specialty and commodity products still reigns supreme but greener, metabolic engineering approaches are gaining ground.
Invasive aspergillosis among heart transplant recipients is rare but causes rapid death due to septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

Between 2000 and 2011, proven or probable invasive aspergillosis (IA) was diagnosed in 1.7% (8/455) of heart transplant (HTx) recipients at our center, in the absence of antifungal prophylaxis. All patients had invasive pulmonary infections and 75% (6/8) were diagnosed during 2 separate 3-month periods. Cases were notable for their association with septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (75%, 6/8 each), non-specific clinical and radiographic findings, and rapid mortality despite mould-active antifungal therapy (88%, 7/8; occuring at a median 11 days after diagnosis). All patients had predisposing conditions known to be risk factors for IA. For patients with early IA (within 90 days of HTx), conditions included hemodialysis, thoracic re-operation, and the presence of another case in the institution within the preceding 3 months. For late-onset IA, conditions included hemodialysis and receipt of augmented immunosuppression. Clinicians should suspect IA in HTx recipients with risk factors who present with non-specific and unexplained respiratory syndromes, including those in septic shock and MODS, and institute prompt antifungal therapy without waiting for the results of cultures or other diagnostic tests.
The functional capacity index, second revision: morbidity in the first year post injury

As the field of injury outcomes measurement has moved beyond counting deaths and injuries, the need for instruments to measure long-term outcomes has increased. Early validation efforts indicated that the Functional Capacity Index (pFCI12) was a promising tool for predicting functional loss 12 months post trauma, but that the predictive validity for lower extremity fractures was low. The pFCI12 was recently revised in conjunction with the 2005 revision of the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). This preliminary study was undertaken to assess the performance of the revised pFCI12 in predicting outcomes for patients with lower extremity trauma. This case review study used the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Research (CIREN) database which includes AIS codes, extensive clinical data and 3- and 12-month outcomes. Generally predicted functional loss at 12 months was greater with the pFCI12 (AIS 2005) than with the original FCI based on AIS 1990. All patients whose pFCI12 scores predicted functional loss experienced some morbidity at 1 year. The pFCI12 appears to provide improved predictions of functional outcome 12-months post-trauma for persons experiencing lower extremity trauma.
Collocated radar and radiosonde observations of a double-brightband melting layer in Northern California

A strong elevated temperature inversion in a landfalling winter storm in northern California produced two simultaneous melting layers with associated radar bright bands. The storm was observed with scanning and profiling radars. Serial radiosonde launches from the scanning radar site precisely documented the evolving temperature structure of the air mass that produced the double bright band. The radiosonde and radar observations, which were coincident in location and time, clearly illustrate the cause (two melting layers) and effect (two bright bands) of this unusual phenomenon. An automated algorithm for determining the melting-layer height from profiling radar data was tested on this situation. In its operational form, the algorithm detects only the lower melting layer, but in modified form it is capable of detecting both melting layers simultaneously.
Design Aspects of Stern-Mounted Propellers for Deep-Submergence Vehicles

This paper presents the results of model tests carried out on two alternate hull configurations for a proposed deep-submersible vessel. The experiments consisted of resistance tests, propeller tests, self-propelled tests to derive the propeller-hull interaction effects for a range of vehicle drags (corresponding to different amounts of externally-mounted, resistance-increasing equipment), and Pitot-tube wake surveys carried out in way of the propeller plane. The two configurations differed in respect to the relative stubbiness of their afterbodies, both having a single relatively large diameter, stern-mounted propeller. The data are analyzed and comparisons are made with alternate propulsion configurations. The influence of propeller diameter on power and rpm is studied. A discussion of relevant data available in other sources is presented. A recommendation is made to carry out full-scale resistance tests of deep-submergence vehicles by the method of free deceleration.
Workload models for stochastic networks: value functions and performance evaluation

This paper concerns control and performance evaluation for stochastic network models. Structural properties of value functions are developed for controlled Brownian motion (CBM) and deterministic (fluid) workload-models, leading to the following conclusions: Outside of a null-set of network parameters, the following hold. i) The fluid value-function is a smooth function of the initial state. Under further minor conditions, the fluid value-function satisfies the derivative boundary conditions that are required to ensure it is in the domain of the extended generator for the CBM model. Exponential ergodicity of the CBM model is demonstrated as one consequence. ii) The fluid value-function provides a shadow function for use in simulation variance reduction for the stochastic model. The resulting simulator satisfies an exact large deviation principle, while a standard simulation algorithm does not satisfy any such bound. iii) The fluid value-function provides upper and lower bounds on performance for the CBM model. This follows from an extension of recent linear programming approaches to performance evaluation.
Recent progress and remaining challenges in pattern transfer technologies for advanced chip designs

Summary form only given. Even as Moore's law continues to drive "tiny technologies" through relentless scaling, the main technology driver for semiconductor chips has evolved from DRAMs to microprocessors to FPGAs. The underlying metrics have evolved from bits per chip and cost per bit for computers to functions per chip and cost per function for consumer products. The talk reviews the remarkable progress that has been made in enabling pattern transfer technologies, including mask design, lithography enhancements and precision etching, on the new 300 mm wafers for an increasingly wide variety of new materials. However, there is a cost associated with all this and the cost-benefit tradeoffs will almost certainly drive new inflections in the entire food chain, which the author tries to identify.
Theory for image-based identification of SPM dynamics

Rather than use external sensors, images of standard calibration samples can be used to model and correct positioning errors, caused by dynamics effects, in scanning probe microscopes (SPMs). The main contribution of the current article is the development of conditions, on the calibration sample and the scan trajectory, that allow for the image-based identification of SPM-nanopositioner dynamics.
Relationships between Chemical-Induced Immunotoxicity and Carcinogenesis

Considerable evidence exists in humans and experimental animals to demonstrate that a qualitative relationship exists between changes in the function of the immune system and increased susceptibility to infectious or neoplastic diseases. Quantitative relationships, however, are less well established and their elucidation is needed to improve the risk assessment process. Here, some of the complex relationships between changes in immune function and tumor development are discussed and the analyses of several dataseis designed to model their quantitative association are summarized.
CGLX: A Scalable, High-Performance Visualization Framework for Networked Display Environments

The Cross Platform Cluster Graphics Library (CGLX) is a flexible and transparent OpenGL-based graphics framework for distributed, high-performance visualization systems. CGLX allows OpenGL based applications to utilize massively scalable visualization clusters such as multiprojector or high-resolution tiled display environments and to maximize the achievable performance and resolution. The framework features a programming interface for hardware-accelerated rendering of OpenGL applications on visualization clusters, mimicking a GLUT-like (OpenGL-Utility-Toolkit) interface to enable smooth translation of single-node applications to distributed parallel rendering applications. CGLX provides a unified, scalable, distributed OpenGL context to the user by intercepting and manipulating certain OpenGL directives. CGLX's interception mechanism, in combination with the core functionality for users to register callbacks, enables this framework to manage a visualization grid without additional implementation requirements to the user. Although CGLX grants access to its core engine, allowing users to change its default behavior, general development can occur in the context of a standalone desktop. The framework provides an easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI) and tools to test, setup, and configure a visualization cluster. This paper describes CGLX's architecture, tools, and systems components. We present performance and scalability tests with different types of applications, and we compare the results with a Chromium-based approach.
Anomalous behavior of thermosetting systems after cure vs. chemical conversion : a normalized conversion-temperature-property diagram

Isothermal properties of thermosetting materials after cure, such as density and modulus, pass through maximum and minimum values with increasing chemical conversion. In this report observed decreases in modulus and density at isothermal temperatures below the glass-transition temperature, Tg, are termed “anomalous.” Four diepoxide (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A) and tetrafunctional diamine (trimethylene glycol di-p-aminobenzoate) high Tg thermosetting systems with different ratios of amine to epoxy were investigated for the purpose of analyzing the evolution of the isothermal properties with increasing conversion. The density, Tg, and modulus of the materials with increasing conversion were measured by a combination of dilatometric, differential scanning calorimetry, and torsional braid analysis techniques. The results are presented in the form of conversion–temperature–property (TgTP) diagrams with modulus and density as the properties. Tg is used as a direct measure of conversion based on the one-to-one relationship between Tg and conversion. The property-conversion behavior of the systems with different ratios of amine to epoxy show similar behavior if Tg is used as the measure of conversion and the data are normalized with respect to Tg at a conversion corresponding to the lower limit of the conversion range at which a maximum in the isothermal modulus occurs. The conversion corresponding to molecular gelation, gelTg, correlates with the lower limit of the conversion range at which the maximum in isothermal modulus occurs; gelTg also marks a change in the behavior of the sub-Tg mechanical relaxations vs. conversion. The conversion corresponding to the maximum in isothermal modulus vs. conversion correlates with the conversion corresponding to the maximum in isothermal density vs. conversion. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effect of a copper-molybdenum compound upon copper metabolism in the rat.

X-ray diffraction powder analysis was used to identify a copper-molyb denum (Cu-Mo) compound prepared under ordinary laboratory conditions as a synthetic form of the rare natural mineral, lindgrenite. Weanling rats were used in experiments designed to study the metabolic availability of copper from the Cu-Mo compound. In either normal or copper-depleted rats fed the Cu-Mo compound as their only copper supplement, serum ceruloplasmin oxidase activity (CPA) was significantly lower than in rats fed isocupric levels of copper sulfate. When fed with copper sulfate, a quantity of molybdenum (as sodium molybdate) equal to that in synthetic lindgrenite had no effect upon CPA. In normal but not in copper-depleted rats, liver and kidney copper concentrations were reduced when the Cu-Mo compound was fed instead of copper sul fate, either without or with sodium molybdate. Hemoglobin concentrations were re- pleted more slowly following copper depletion in the lindgrenite-supplemented rats than in the copper sulfate-treated rats. These results suggest that copper in the form of the Cu-Mo compound, synthetic lindgrenite, is metabolically less available than copper from the sulfate salt.
Management of Hereditary Hypercoagulable Disorders

The clinical management of individuals with hereditary hypercoaguable disorders has evolved from initial broad recommendations of lifelong anticoagulation after first event of venous thromboembolism to a more intricate individualized risk-benefit analysis as studies have begun to delineate the complexity of interactions of acquired and hereditary factors which determine the predilection to thrombosis. The contribution of thrombophilic disorders to risk of thrombotic complications of pregnancy, organ transplantation, central venous catheter and dialysis access placement have been increasingly recognized. The risk of thrombosis must be weighed against risk of long-term anticoagulation in patients with venous thromboembolism. Thrombophilia screening in select populations may enhance outcome.
Functional Analysis of Putative Adhesion Factors in Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM

Lactobacilli are major inhabitants of the normal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract, and some select species have been used extensively as probiotic cultures. One potentially important property of these organisms is their ability to interact with epithelial cells in the intestinal tract, which may promote retention and host-bacterial communication. However, the mechanisms by which they attach to intestinal epithelial cells are unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate cell surface proteins in Lactobacillus acidophilus that may promote attachment to intestinal tissues. Using genome sequence data, predicted open reading frames were searched against known protein and protein motif databases to identify four proteins potentially involved in adhesion to epithelial cells. Homologous recombination was used to construct isogenic mutations in genes encoding a mucin-binding protein, a fibronectin-binding protein, a surface layer protein, and two streptococcal R28 homologs. The abilities of the mutants to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells were then evaluated in vitro. Each strain was screened on Caco-2 cells, which differentiate and express markers characteristic of normal small-intestine cells. A significant decrease in adhesion was observed in the fibronectin-binding protein mutant (76%) and the mucin-binding protein mutant (65%). A surface layer protein mutant also showed reduction in adhesion ability (84%), but the effect of this mutation is likely due to the loss of multiple surface proteins that may be embedded in the S-layer. This study demonstrated that multiple cell surface proteins in L. acidophilus NCFM can individually contribute to the organism's ability to attach to intestinal cells in vitro.
Globalization and Regionalization: Introduction

The beginning of the 21 st century finds the Atlantic Alliance partners in evolution toward a new relationship in the key policy arenas of economic and social development, international security, international trade and competition, and the need to deal effectively with environmental and public health problems associated with an expanding global marketplace. The problems associated with these issues have strained relations between Europe and North America. This has been exacerbated by internal preoccupations on both continents that have reduced communication opportunities, and led to misunderstandings on both sides of the Atlantic. It is clear to both the leadership of the European Union and the United States that this potential estrangement is not in the interests of either continent.
Students Expectations Of A Career In Sales: A Comparison Of Finance And Marketing Majors

Many of the graduates majoring in Finance and Marketing will secure entry-level positions in sales, often beginning careers dedicated to the sale of financial products; yet, perceptions of this career vary significantly, dependent on a students area of study. The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast the perceptions of Finance majors versus Marketing majors regarding entry-level career expectations. Students were surveyed in upper-level Finance and Marketing courses during the 2008 fall semester at a north-central state university concerning 1) their perceptions of the importance of various employment characteristics that they would consider in accepting their entry-level job and 2) the perceived importance of particular academic learning outcomes to the success of their career.
Effect and Safety of Daclatasvir‐Asunaprevir Combination Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1b ‐Infected Patients on Hemodialysis

The prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)antibodies is higher in hemodialysis patients than in the general population, and several studies have reported poor vital prognosis in HCV-infected dialysis patients because infection with HCV is not only the cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, but also a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although sustained virologic response (SVR) is achievable with interferon and ribavirin in dialysis patients, SVR rates are lower, and the use of ribavirin is challenging because of the risk of hemolytic anemia. Recently, interferon-ribavirin free direct acting antivirals (DAAs) treatment has shown strong efficacy and fewer adverse events for chronic HCV infection patients without using dialysis, but there are few reports about DAAs for such patients. Thus, we conducted a study to examine the effect and safety of daclatasvir and asunaprevir in chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1b-infected hemodialysis patients. We treated 10 patients: seven males and three females. Before treatment, we detected resistance-associated variants on the NS5A region, which is the L31M site variant, in two patients. Although two patients showed resistance-associated variant, all the patients showed quick disappearance of HCV RNA in the serum and achieved a SVR12. During this therapy, no patients displayed abnormal liver function during treatment. Two patients experienced diarrhea and another one patient complained of nausea soon after treatment but these were relieved by symptomatic therapy. We report good results of treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1b -infected patients on hemodialysis with all oral DAAs (daclatasvir and asunaprevir).
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis technology for Vibrio parahaemolyticus food poisoning caused by sub-type

Objective:To use pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) technology with Vibrio parahaemolyticus from food poisoning caused by the strains isolated from homology analysis.Methods:Isolation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus routine identification,after Serotyping,PFGE analysis and to determine the molecular typing,using BioNumerics software PFGE typing patterns for the conduct of electronic data analysis,cluster analysis diagram is drawn to observe the type of bacteria causing food poisoning for the same elements of the strain caused by typing.Results:The 11 isolated from food poisoning,Vibrio parahaemolyticus,which were isolated from the stool of patients 10,the tool applied to isolate a complex,both serotype O3: K6-type,these strains by PFGE cluster analysis with three kinds of type,between 3 of Article 1-2,respectively,have different electrophoretic bands,the percentage of similarity was 93%.Conclusion:The food poisoning are from the same clone caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus,the application of gel electrophoresis in the strain homology analysis and tracking the source of infection.
ATPS-37THERAPEUTIC VULNERABILITIES AND RESISTANCE MECHANISMS FOR THE PRECISION MEDICINE OF GLIOBLASTOMA

Gene fusions generated by chromosomal translocations are the best examples of success for targeted cancer therapy. Our work in malignant glioma identified the first examples of highly oncogenic and recurrent gene fusions that result in constitutive activation of receptor tyrosine kinase genes (FGFR, EGFR and NTRK). Among them, FGFR-TACC is the addicting gene fusion with highest therapeutic value. It is also the gene fusion most frequently represented across other cancer types. Thus, elucidating how FGFR-TACC drives oncogenesis and mechanisms of resistance to FGFR inhibitors are crucial questions with fundamental general implications. By using a combination of unbiased mass spectrometry and functional validation experiments, we have recently identified the tyrosine phosphorylation targets of FGFR-TACC fusions in glioblastoma. We have also generated an inducible and reversible mouse model for FGFR-TACC-mediated tumorigenesis. These mice revealed a strong tumor initiation capacity by FGFR-TACC fusions in the nervous system. They also exposed strict dependency of tumor cells to continuous expression of the FGFR-TACC fusion gene. The mouse model has also allowed us to establish the significance of the new signaling pathways and determine the mechanisms of recurrence of FGFR-TACC-initiated tumors following fusion ablation. The integrated availability of FGFR-TACC substrates and the reversible mouse model of FGFR-TACC-driven tumors are elucidating the mechanisms of resistance triggered by chronic targeting of the fusion gene. The model applied to FGFR-TACC is now being extended to EGFR and NTRK gene fusions to determine similarities and differences and assign accurate therapeutic value to individual chromosomal translocations. Together with the screening and personalized validation paradigm recently completed for the identification, characterization and targeting of FGFR-TACC fusions in patients malignant glioma, the new information will allow us to accurately predict strength of evidence of oncogenic activity and size of anticipated targeting effect for the selection of any “druggable” genetic alteration in GBM patients.
Narratives as Transmission Tools: Learning about the Dictatorship in Uruguay

In the year 2000, Teve Ciudad — a public TV station run by the city of Montevideo in Uruguay — produced a documentary directed by Aldo Garay in which youth were interviewed to learn what they knew about the dictatorship. Despite the short time that had elapsed since the end of the dictatorship in 1985, most of the youth were not able to identify the period, nor explain what had happened. This “lack of transmission” has been related to the policies of oblivion that limited public discussion, as well as political and judicial resolution of the traumatic past (see Fried and Lessa, 2011; Yaffe, 2004). Twenty-five years after the dictatorship ended, the topic became part of public debate once more after the “wall of silence” started to break down, through trials for violations of human rights, recovery of the remains of the disappeared and reparation policies for victims, and so youth were more exposed to the topic. As a result, we could expect the youth of this period to be able to know more about the dictatorship period. This is what the case study presented in this book explores: what do youth know about the dictatorship? and how do they learn about it?
DESIGNING A RULE SYSTEM THAT SEARCHES FOR SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES1

Some scientific inference tasks (including mass spectrum identification [Dendral], medical diagnosis [Mycin], and math theory development [AM]) have been successfully modeled as rule-directed search processes. These rule systems are designed quite differently from “pure production systems.” By concentrating upon the design of one program (AM), we shall show how 13 kinds of design deviations arise from (1) the level of sophistication of the task that the system is designed to perform, (2) the inherent nature of the task, and (s) the designer's view of the task. The limitations of AM suggest even more radical departures from traditional rule system architecture. All these modifications are then collected into a new, complicated set of constraints on the form of the data structures, the rules, the interpreter, and the distribution of knowledge between rules and data structures. These new policies sacrifice uniformity in the interests of clarity, efficiency, and power derivable from a thorough characterization of the task. Rule systems whose architectures conform to the new design principles will be more awkward for many tasks than would “pure” systems. Nevertheless, the new architecture should be significantly more powerful and natural for building rule systems that do scientific discovery tasks.
Computational Prediction of the Global Functional Genomic Landscape: Applications, Methods, and Challenges

Technological advances have led to an explosive growth of high-throughput functional genomic data. Exploiting the correlation among different data types, it is possible to predict one functional genomic data type from other data types. Prediction tools are valuable in understanding the relationship among different functional genomic signals. They also provide a cost-efficient solution to inferring the unknown functional genomic profiles when experimental data are unavailable due to resource or technological constraints. The predicted data may be used for generating hypotheses, prioritizing targets, interpreting disease variants, facilitating data integration, quality control, and many other purposes. This article reviews various applications of prediction methods in functional genomics, discusses analytical challenges, and highlights some common and effective strategies used to develop prediction methods for functional genomic data.
Soft Ferromagnetic Microwires with Excellent Inductive Heating Properties for Clinical Hyperthermia Applications

Growing interest in the use of magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications has led researchers to investigate a multitude of treatment possibilities to use clinical hyperthermia for cancer therapy. Soft ferromagnetic amorphous glass-coated microwires have been shown to be easy to produce, control, and insulate for biocompatibility along with their outstanding magnetic properties (large saturation magnetization and large shape anisotropy). Our research provides the first exploration of the radio frequency alternating field responses of magnetically soft Co-rich glass-coated microwires for possible applications in clinical hyperthermia.
Kinematic Design of a Dynamic Brace for Measurement of Head/Neck Motion

Head drop is a symptom commonly seen in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These patients usually experience neck pain and have difficulty in swallowing and breathing. Static neck braces are used in current treatment. These braces, however, immobilize the head in a single configuration, which causes muscle atrophy. This letter presents the design of a dynamic neck brace for the first time in the literature, which can both measure and potentially assist in the head motion of the human user. This letter introduces the brace design method and validates its capability to perform measurements. The brace is designed based on kinematics data collected from a healthy individual via a motion capture system. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the wearability of the brace and the accuracy of measurements with the brace. This study recruited ten participants who performed a series of head motions. The results of this human study indicate that the brace is wearable by individuals who vary in size, the brace allows nearly $70\%$ of the overall range of head rotations, and the sensors on the brace give accurate motion of the head with an error of under $5^{\circ }$ when compared to a motion capture system. We believe that this neck brace can be a valid and accurate measurement tool for human head motion. This brace will be a big improvement in the available technologies to measure head motion as these are currently done in the clinic using hand-held protractors in two orthogonal planes.
Abstract 361: Cyclophilin A Mediates Angiotensin II--Stimulated NADPH Oxidase Activation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Objective: Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a ubiquitously expressed cytosolic protein that possesses PPIase activity and scaffold function. CyPA regulates Angiotensin II (Ang II) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the mechanism of this CyPA regulation remains unclear. We hypothesized that CyPA regulates plasma membrane translocation of NADPH oxidase cytosolic subunit, p47phox, which is required for NADPH oxidase structural organization and activity. Methods and results: Immunofluorescence studies in rat aortic smooth muscle cells revealed that CyPA translocated from the cytosol to the plasma membrane in response to Ang II in a time dependent manner with a peak at 10min (46.4±5.4 fold increase). Mouse Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (MASM) were isolated from mice lacking CyPA (CyPA-/-) and wild type controls (WT), treated with Ang II (100nM) and immunofluorescence analysis was performed. Ang II induced p47phox plasma membrane translocation at 10min in WT mice. However, p47 phox translocation was significantly inhibited in CyPA -/- MASM. CyPA and p47phox colocalized at the plasma membrane in response to Ang II. Further analysis using subcellular fractionation studies confirmed that Ang II induced p47phox plasma membrane translocation was inhibited in CyPA -/- MASM compared to WT (1.2±2.7 vs 4.3±3.4 fold increase). Coimmunoprecipitation analyses confirmed that Ang II increased CyPA association with p47phox in a time dependent manner (2.5±3.4 fold increase at 10min). Finally, pretreatment with the PPIase activity inhibitor, cyclosporine A (1uM), could not inhibit CyPA association with p47phox and CyPA mediated p47phox translocation to the plasma membrane. Conclusion: These data suggest that Ang II promotes an association between CyPA and p47phox that enhances plasma membrane translocation of p47phox. This is proposed to increase the NADPH oxidase activity thereby increasing cellular ROS production. This process is independent of the PPIase activity of CyPA. Therefore, inhibition of the CyPA and p47phox association could be a future therapeutic target for Ang II induced ROS regulated cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm formation.
Common Learning Objectives for Undergraduate Control Systems Laboratories

Course objectives, like research objectives and product requirements, help provide clarity and direction for faculty and students. Unfortunately, course and laboratory objectives are not always clearly stated. Without a clear set of objectives, it can be hard to design a learning experience and determine whether students are achieving the intended outcomes of the course or laboratory. In this paper, a common set of laboratory objectives, concepts, and components of a laboratory apparatus for undergraduate control systems laboratories were identified. A panel of 40 control systems faculty members completed a multi-round Delphi survey to bring them toward consensus on the common aspects of their laboratories. These panelists identified 15 laboratory objectives, 26 concepts, and 15 components common to their laboratories. Then an 45 additional faculty members and practitioners completed a follow-up survey to gather feedback on the results. In both surveys, each participant rated the importance of each item. While average ratings differed slightly between the two groups, the order in which the items were ranked was similar. Important examples of common learning objectives include connecting theory to what is implemented in the laboratory, designing controllers, and modeling systems. The most common component in both groups was MathWorks software. Some of the common concepts include block diagrams, stability, and PID control. Defining common aspects of undergraduate control systems laboratories enables common development, detailed comparisons, and simplified adaptation of equipment and experiments between campuses and programs.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Patients with Cirrhosis and Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Antibiotics should be used for prophylaxis in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Prophylaxis reduces all-cause mortality by 21%, as well as bacterial infections and rebleeding.
Implementation and Outcomes of an Advanced Antimicrobial Stewardship Program at a Quaternary Care Hospital in the United Arab Emirates

Background Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are pivotal in healthcare facilities to curb antimicrobial resistance, improve patient outcomes and decrease healthcare costs. There is lack of literature on integrating the electronic medical record and electronic surveillance into antimicrobial stewardship in the Middle East. We describe our experience with implementing an advanced antimicrobial stewardship program using computerized clinical decision support system (CDSS) and electronic real-time surveillance software at a newly operated quaternary care hospital in the United Arab Emirates.
Managing iPads with Mobile Device Management

This chapter discusses how to manage your school’s iPads with mobile device management (MDM) solutions. MDM enables you to automate many aspects of deploying, configuring, and controlling iPads, so if your school has any serious deployment of iPads, you’ll likely be using MDM.
An Unusual Cause of Leg Pain

A 67-year-old woman presented to her primary care physician with leg pain. Seven weeks before presentation she noticed a cramping sensation in the thighs and calves that developed after she had walked a couple of blocks and was relieved with rest.
Cluster randomized controlled trial of a mobile market intervention to increase fruit and vegetable intake among adults in lower-income communities in North Carolina.

Poorer diets and subsequent higher rates of chronic disease among lower-income individuals may be partially attributed to reduced access to fresh fruits and vegetables (F&V) and other healthy foods. Mobile markets are an increasingly popular method for providing access to F&V in underserved communities, but evaluation efforts are limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of Veggie Van (VV), a mobile produce market, on F&V intake in lower-income communities using a group randomized controlled trial. VV is a mobile produce market that sells reduced-cost locally grown produce and offers nutrition and cooking education. We recruited 12 sites in lower-income communities in North Carolina (USA) to host VV, randomizing them to receive VV immediately (intervention) or after the 6-month study period (delayed intervention control). Participants at each site completed baseline and follow-up surveys including F&V intake, perceived access to fresh F&V and self-efficacy for purchasing, preparing and eating F&V. We used multiple linear regression to calculate adjusted differences in outcomes while controlling for baseline values, education and clustering within site. Among 142 participants who completed the follow-up, baseline F&V intake was 3.48 cups/day for control and 3.33 for intervention. At follow-up, adjusted change in F&V consumption was 0.95 cups/day greater for intervention participants (p = 0.005), but was attenuated to 0.51 cups per day (p = 0.11) after removing extreme values. VV customers increased their F&V consumption by 0.41 cups/day (n = 30) compared to a 0.25 cups/day decrease for 111 non-customers (p = 0.04). Intervention participants did not show significant improvements in perceived access to fresh F&V, but increased their self-efficacy for working more F&V into snacks (p = 0.02), making up a vegetable dish with what they had on hand (p = 0.03), and cooking vegetables in a way that is appealing to their family (p = 0.048). Mobile markets may help improve F&V intake in lower-income communities. Clinicaltrials.gov ID# NCT03026608 retrospectively registered January 2, 2017.
A National County-Level Assessment of U.S. Nursing Facility Characteristics Associated with Long-Term Exposure to Traffic Pollution in Older Adults

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution increases disease risk in older adults. Nursing facilities located near major roadways potentially expose older adults to traffic pollution. No studies, however, have described the association between nursing facilities and traffic pollution. We obtained data on facility- and census-tract-level characteristics of 15,706 U.S. facilities from the Medicare Nursing Home Compare datasets. We calculated distance to major roadways and traffic density for each facility. In the contiguous U.S. (as of 2014), 345,792 older adults, about 27% of residents in non-hospital facilities, lived within 150 m major roadways (A1 or A2) in 3876 (28% of sampled) facilities. Nationally, for-profit facilities, high-occupancy facilities, and facilities in census tracts with higher percentages of minorities were more likely to have higher exposure to traffic. Counties in Virginia, New York City, and Rhode Island have the highest percent of residents and facilities near major roads. Nationally, over one-quarter of sampled facilities are located near major roadways. Attributes potentially associated with higher exposure to traffic included “for-profit” and “higher minority census tract”. Proximity to major roadways may be an important factor to consider in siting nursing facilities. Our results inform potential intervention strategy at both county and facility level.
Estimation and Inference under Weak Identification and Persistence: An Application to Forecast-Based Monetary Policy Reaction Function

The reaction coefficients of expected inflations and output gaps in the forecast-based monetary policy reaction function may be merely weakly Â identified when the smoothing coefficient is close to unity and the nominal interest rates are highly persistent. In this paper we modify the method of Andrews and Cheng (2012, Econometrica)on inference under weak / semi-strong identification to accommodate the persistence issue. Our modification involves the employment of asymptotic theories for near unit root processes and novel drifting sequence approaches. Large sample properties with a desired smooth transition with respect to the true values of parameters are developed for the nonlinear least squares (NLS) estimator and its corresponding t / Wald statistics of a general class of models. Despite the not-consistent-estimability, the conservative confidence sets of weakly-identified parameters of interest can be obtained by inverting the t / Wald tests. We show that the null-imposed least-favorable confidence sets will have correct asymptotic sizes, and the projection-based method may lead to asymptotic over-coverage. Our empirical application suggests that the NLS estimates for the reaction coefficients in U.S.Âs forecast-based monetary policy reaction function for 1987:3Â2007:4 are not accurate sufficiently to rule out the possibility of indeterminacy.
A systematic review of spatial decision support systems in public health informatics supporting the identification of high risk areas for zoonotic disease outbreaks

Zoonotic diseases account for a substantial portion of infectious disease outbreaks and burden on public health programs to maintain surveillance and preventative measures. Taking advantage of new modeling approaches and data sources have become necessary in an interconnected global community. To facilitate data collection, analysis, and decision-making, the number of spatial decision support systems reported in the last 10 years has increased. This systematic review aims to describe characteristics of spatial decision support systems developed to assist public health officials in the management of zoonotic disease outbreaks. A systematic search of the Google Scholar database was undertaken for published articles written between 2008 and 2018, with no language restriction. A manual search of titles and abstracts using Boolean logic and keyword search terms was undertaken using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction included items such as spatial database management, visualizations, and report generation. For this review we screened 34 full text articles. Design and reporting quality were assessed, resulting in a final set of 12 articles which were evaluated on proposed interventions and identifying characteristics were described. Multisource data integration, and user centered design were inconsistently applied, though indicated diverse utilization of modeling techniques. The characteristics, data sources, development and modeling techniques implemented in the design of recent SDSS that target zoonotic disease outbreak were described. There are still many challenges to address during the design process to effectively utilize the value of emerging data sources and modeling methods. In the future, development should adhere to comparable standards for functionality and system development such as user input for system requirements, and flexible interfaces to visualize data that exist on different scales. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018110466.