cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bridging time-scales: Grain boundary sliding constitutive law from atomistics

Abstract Grain boundary sliding is the key deformation and damage mechanism for high temperature deformation of crystalline materials impacting, thus, applications ranging from nuclear reactors to aircrafts. Despite decades of research—theoretical and experimental—a definitive atomistic understanding of this phenomenon has been elusive. The primary bottleneck is the fact that conventional molecular dynamics can only address pico-to-nano seconds of material physics while the characteristic relaxation times for creep phenomena (including grain boundary sliding) are several orders of magnitude slower. In this letter, we use a fresh approach based on a recently developed potential energy surface sampling method that allows us to bridge long time scales and, for the first time, develop a physically reasonable constitutive law. Our results show a dramatic improvement over what can be gleaned from conventional molecular dynamics and provide insights on the relative merits of existing theories of grain boundary sliding. Our simulations (based on a prototypical metal, Al) answer important questions such as (i) is there a threshold stress for grain boundary sliding?, (ii) what is the form of constitutive law for grain boundary sliding? and others.
How to win (reviewer) friends and influence (editorial) people

While collecting the right data and conducting the appropriate analyses is critical to scientific success, writing up your findings and steering them through submission, peer review and into print is at least as important. If you don’t publish your work, your scientific career is likely to be brief and unrewarding. Thus, technical writing is a key skill for any researcher. In this paper, the author goes through the hard lessons learned from nearly three decades of experience as a scientist, reviewer and (latterly) editor. He covers such topics as precision in technical writing, common errors in presenting and describing data, writing a Discussion section, and dealing with reviewers and editors.
How Can We Explain Regime Type Differences If Citizens Don't Vote Based on Foreign Economic Policy?

Political economy research shows that more democratic governments generally have more open trade policies with more flexible exchange rate regimes, yet political behavior theory argues that citizens do not think of foreign economic policy as salient and do not cast their votes considering such issues. This note investigates the puzzle about how democracies could have different foreign economic policies than autocracies if citizens do not vote based on these international issues. Using a political model with two possible ways for societal actors to influence state policy (electoral and/or special interest pressure), it first considers how voting based on salient domestic outcomes like inflation and unemployment may lead democratic governments towards more open trade and flexible exchange rates. Second, if more societal groups are able to lobby as special interests in more democratic regimes, then governments may also be pushed toward these same foreign economic policies. Thus, there is no fundamental contradiction between the political economy empirical results and the political behavior theory, although scholars need to adjust their theories to explain foreign economic policy differences across political regime type.
Introducing Students to the Treatment of Inner-City Families:

Students working with inner-city families must modify their ecological models of family treatment to minimize the fears, frustrations, and mutual stereotypes that can occur. Emphasis should be plac...
Gamma-Ray Spectra Following the β Decay of Br 82 , Sb 124 , and I 131

Coincidences between the gamma rays following the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay of ${\mathrm{Br}}^{82}$, ${\mathrm{Sb}}^{124}$, and ${\mathrm{I}}^{131}$ have been studied using the single scintillation crystal summing technique. A decay scheme for ${\mathrm{Br}}^{82}$ is proposed. The decay scheme of ${\mathrm{Sb}}^{124}$ proposed by Langer et al. is found to be consistent with our data as is the decay scheme of ${\mathrm{I}}^{131}$ proposed by Metzger and Deutsch and augmented by Emery.
6 – Profit Kidnapping

Profit Kidnappings are motivated by a desire for tangible gain. Chapter 6 explores the victimology, offender characteristics, abductions sites, modus operandi, and outcomes typically associated with this crime. The Chapter also explores dynamics that are correlated with the prevention, investigation and prosecution of Profit Kidnappings, including threat assessment, threat mitigation, and human trafficking.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Developing Adolescent Brain

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adolescents is common and debilitating. In contrast to adult PTSD, relatively little is known about the neurobiology of adolescent PTSD, nor about how current treatments may alter adolescent neurodevelopment to allow recovery from PTSD. Improving our understanding of biological mechanisms of adolescent PTSD, taken in the context of neurodevelopment, is crucial for developing novel and personalized treatment approaches. In this review, we highlight prevailing constructs of PTSD and current findings on these domains in adolescent PTSD. Notably, little data exist in adolescent PTSD for prominent adult PTSD constructs, including threat learning and attentional threat bias. Most work to date has examined general threat processing, emotion regulation, and their neural substrates. These studies suggest that adolescent PTSD, while phenomenologically similar to adult PTSD, shows unique neurodevelopmental substrates that may impair recovery but could also be targeted in the context of adolescent neuroplasticity to improve outcomes. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal data suggest abnormal frontolimbic development compared with typically developing youths, a pattern that may differ from resilient youths. Whether current treatments such as trauma-focused psychotherapy engage these targets and restore healthy neurodevelopment remains an open question. We end our review by highlighting emerging areas and knowledge gaps that could be addressed to better characterize the biology underlying adolescent PTSD. Emerging studies in computational modeling of decision making, caregiver-related transmission of traumatic stress, and other areas may offer new targets that could harness adolescent neurobehavioral plasticity to improve resilience and recovery for some of our most vulnerable youths.
Production of chemotactic factor and lymphotoxin by human leukocytes stimulated with Herpes simplex virus.

Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of 41 subjects were tested for their ability to be stimulated by herpes simplex virus antigens as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation and lymphokine production (i.e., lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor and lymphotoxin). The PBL of seronegative subjects failed to respond to viral antigens as measured by stimulation or lymphokine production. In contrast, PBL from seropositive subjects without clinical lesions of herpes labialis were stimulated by herpes simplex virus antigens and produced lymphokines. PBL from seropositive patients with clinical lesions of herpes labialis also produced lymphokines, but [3H]thymidine incorporation was slightly depressed. These findings suggest that lymphocytes from patients with a recent herpes simplex virus infection may respond less vigorously to in vitro stimulation by herpes antigens, but our study fails to show any basic defect in the responsiveness of the lymphocytes to account for recurrent herpetic episodes.
Distribution system segmented model simplification with independent dynamically changing end-use loads

Abstract With more emerging technologies in power distribution systems, accurately modeling the dynamic behavior of end-use load under various conditions has become important. One approach has been quasi-static time-series (QSTS) power flow simulation over short time frames. However, time and cost can be a burden for the QSTS simulation of thousands of houses with dynamic loads on large distribution feeders. This may limit sensitivity analysis, design optimization or exploration of alternatives on the distribution system. There are two main contributions of this paper in order to reduce the QSTS simulation complexity. First, the paper presents a method to stochastically model the dynamic behavior of end-use load for QSTS simulations. Second, using the stochastically modeled load behavior as part of a distribution system, and building on our previous QSTS simulation simplification/acceleration method for uniform load behavior, this paper presents a segment substitution approach for the simplification of distribution system models with multiple independent dynamically changing end-use loads. Our numerical results show that compared to GridLAB-D, a software tool that simulates end-use load behavior through physical models, the proposed stochastic modeling approach achieved an 89.3% simulation time reduction for end-use loads, while accurately capturing the temporally changing total load behavior. Moreover, the QSTS simulation of a large test distribution system through OpenDSS showed that the proposed simplification method decreased the feeder simulation time by a factor of three at less than 0.3% voltage error. Compared to our previous method, the voltage error with independent dynamic loads is reduced by a factor of four. This makes it usable for transactive system studies, including battery integration, compared to earlier methods that were tested on photovoltaic data.
All-fiber spectrometer based on speckle pattern reconstruction

A standard multimode optical fiber can be used as a general purpose spectrometer after calibrating the wavelength dependent speckle patterns produced by interference between the guided modes of the fiber. A transmission matrix was used to store the calibration data and a robust algorithm was developed to reconstruct an arbitrary input spectrum in the presence of experimental noise. We demonstrate that a 20 meter long fiber can resolve two laser lines separated by only 8 pm. At the other extreme, we show that a 2 centimeter long fiber can measure a broadband continuous spectrum generated from a supercontinuum source. We investigate the effect of the fiber geometry on the spectral resolution and bandwidth, and also discuss the additional limitation on the bandwidth imposed by speckle contrast reduction when measuring dense spectra. Finally, we demonstrate a method to reduce the spectrum reconstruction error and increase the bandwidth by separately imaging the speckle patterns of orthogonal polarizations. The multimode fiber spectrometer is compact, lightweight, low cost, and provides high resolution with low loss.
Current state of reflective learning in anaesthesiology residents: a call for 'reflection-on-action' training in Singapore.

Introduction Reflective learning is the cognitive process whereby information from new experiences is integrated into existing knowledge structures and mental models. In our complex healthcare system, reflective learning (specifically 'reflection on action') is important for postgraduate learners. We observed that our anaesthesiology residents were not building on their competence through deliberate experiential and reflective practice. This qualitative study explored the current state and challenges of reflective learning in anaesthesia training in Singapore. Methods The study was conducted at KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, from 1 January 2018 to 31 October 2018. A semi-structured interview format was used in focus groups. Information collection continued until data saturation was reached. The interviews were coded and analysed, and themes were identified. Seven focus group interviews involving 19 participants were conducted. Results Reflective learning was found to be poor. It was of concern that the stimuli for reflection and reflective learning emerged from medical errors, critical incidents and poor patient outcomes. Challenges identified were: (a) lack of an experiential learning framework, (b) need for reflective training, (c) quality of experiential triggers, (d) clinical pressures and (e) poor learner articulation and feedback. We described some strategies to frame, teach and stimulate reflective learning. Conclusion This study described the state and challenges of reflective learning in anaesthesia training. We advocate the implementation of reflective training strategies in postgraduate training programmes in Singapore. Research is needed to integrate patient feedback and outcomes into reflective practice.
Rehabilitative care practices in the management of childbirth-related pelvic fistula: A systematic review.

Childbirth-related pelvic fistula (CRF) often requires surgery, yet even with successful repair, mental health conditions, musculoskeletal impairments, urinary and fecal incontinence and sexual dysfunction persist for many women. Postoperative rehabilitation, (i.e., physiotherapy, mental health counseling) may address these concerns and has been reported for this population. This review aims to summarize the literature and level of evidence of rehabilitative care practices in fistula care to inform clinical practice, research and policy recommendations. A systematic literature review was conducted using Africa-Wide Information, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, Global Health, PAIS Index, PubMed and SCOPUS searching keywords and MeSH terms to identify women with CRF admitted for surgery. Two researchers progressively screened titles, abstracts and full-text articles. Eligible articles were classified primary if intervention details and outcomes were reported or secondary if rehabilitation was described, but no specific outcomes reported. Relevant study details, strengths and limitations, and key findings were extracted. Eighteen articles were included: eight primary, ten secondary. Primary articles reported on urethral plugs for postoperative urinary incontinence (UI) (2/8), menstrual cup to manage UI (1/8), physiotherapy and health education (3/8) and mental health counseling (2/8). Secondary articles describe rehabilitation components in the context of program descriptions, qualitative analyses or reviews. All evidence was low or very low quality. Research on rehabilitative care is very limited and highlights inconsistencies in practice. This review provides support for the feasibility of rehabilitation and establishes the need for future interventional studies that involve a comparator and reliable outcome measures.
Effects of production practices on Mannheimia haemolytica

Mannheimia haemolytica is a leading contributor to bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Various vaccines are available for prevention or control of BRD due to M. haemolytica; published research indicates that vaccines can decrease BRD morbidity. Several antimicrobials are labeled for treatment or control of BRD due to M. haemolytica. Historically, metaphylaxis (mass antimicrobial medication at arrival) has been shown to reliably decrease BRD morbidity in highrisk cattle. Until recently, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in M. haemolytica has been rare, even in cattle given antimicrobials. However, in the past 5 years multiple reports described M. haemolytica isolates from fatal BRD cases that are resistant to many or most antimicrobials. Additionally, nasopharyngeal shedding of AMR M. haemolytica by large proportions of live high-risk cattle following metaphylaxis has been reported. This information suggests that response rates following antimicrobial administration for BRD treatment or control may begin to decline. However, to date, reported death rates have not been high in cattle described to be shedding AMR M. haemolytica, and retrospective studies have not revealed a direct relationship between prevalence of AMR M. haemolytica and treatment failure. Properly designed prospective studies are needed to more clearly define the impact of AMR M. haemolytica in cattle populations.
Ovarian cancer-associated germline mutations in a predominantly non-White patient population

Objectives: To describe the spectrum of germline mutations seen in a primarily non-White ovarian cancer patient population. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of ovarian cancer who were referred to genetic counseling as part of their gynecologic oncology care at our public safety net referral institution between August 2012 and October 2020 were identified. All patients were recommended to undergo genetic testing regardless of family history. Genetic counseling and testing outcomes were maintained in a prospective database. Chart review was subsequently performed to obtain demographic and clinical information. Results: One hundred sixty-nine patients with ovarian cancer were referred to genetic counseling during the study period, and 159 (94%) underwent genetic testing. Of the study cohort, 67% self-identified as Latina, and 91% were classified as non-White. Twenty-eight patients underwent BRCA testing only, after which universal panel testing was implemented and performed for the remaining 131 patients. Overall, 41 deleterious germline mutations were identified in 38 individual patients for a positivity rate of 24%. Most commonly mutated genes included BRCA1 (16 mutations) and BRCA2 (14 mutations) although pathogenic germline mutations were identified in a variety of other genes (see table). Median ages at diagnosis for patients with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations were 52 and 58 years, respectively. Only one individual's BRCA1 mutation was consistent with the previously-described Mexican founder mutation (BRCA1 ex9-12del). Of the 159 patients who were tested, 64 (40%) had at least 1 variant of uncertain significance. Download : Download high-res image (215KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusions: Germline genetic testing is considered the standard of care for ovarian cancer patients. Results may impact treatment options and prognosis, as well as testing and screening of family members. Rates of deleterious mutations are high in non-White ovarian cancer patients, and the mutation spectrum may differ substantially from those described in primarily White patients. Efforts at expanding genetic testing access to non-White ovarian cancer patients should be prioritized so as to maximize high-yield, clinically-relevant interventions. Additionally, given the importance of long-term clinical data in reclassifying variants of uncertain significance, this study underscores the need to characterize these variants on a large scale in non-White populations.
Discovering Microsoft Works 3.0

Introduction to Computing With Microsoft Works The Word Processor: An Introduction The Word Processor: A Closer Look The Spreadsheet: An Introduction The Spreadsheet: A Closer Look The Database Manager: An Introduction The Database Manager: A Closer Look Integrating Works: An Introduction A Brief Look at Communications.
On Elliptic Curves with Complex Multiplication as Factors of the Jacobians of Modular Function Fields

1. As Hecke showed, every L-function of an imaginary quadratic field K with a Grossen-character γ is the Mellin transform of a cusp form f(z) belonging to a certain congruence subgroup Γ of SL2(Z). We can normalize γ so that
Efficient electromagnetic modeling of bent monopole antenna on aircraft wing using FEKO

A VHF bent monopole antenna mounted on an Army UAV wing platform is modeled and simulated using the FEKO electromagnetic simulation software package and the results are compared with measured radiation pattern data. In order to reduce the complexity of the final FEKO simulation and minimize its runtime and memory usage, the simplification of the composite wing structure as a PEC wing is verified through measurement and comparison of a foil-wrapped wing platform vs. a bare composite wing platform. The results of this comparison indicate that a PEC model of the wing platform is an appropriate approximation of the composite wing structure and should yield radiation patterns discrepancies less than 2.6 dB. Using a PEC wing model, the FEKO simulation results correspond well with the measured data for the azimuth-plane radiation pattern, with ≪ 2.5 dB difference for the majority of the data.
UMichigan: A Conditional Random Field Model for Resolving the Scope of Negation

In this paper, we present a system for detecting negation in English text. We address three tasks: negation cue detection, negation scope resolution and negated event identification. We pose these tasks as sequence labeling problems. For each task, we train a Conditional Random Field (CRF) model on lexical, structural, and syntactic features extracted from labeled data. The models are trained and tested using the dataset distributed with the *sem Shared Task 2012 on resolving the scope and focus of negation. The system detects negation cues with 90.98% F1 measure (94.3% and 87.88% recall). It identifies negation scope with 82.70% F1 on token-by-token level and 64.78% F1 on full scope level. Negated events are detected with 51.10% F1 measure.
An empirical study of optimization for maximizing diffusion in networks

We study the problem of maximizing the amount of stochastic diffusion in a network by acquiring nodes within a certain limited budget. We use a Sample Average Approximation (SAA) scheme to translate this stochastic problem into a simulation-based deterministic optimization problem, and present a detailed empirical study of three variants of the problem: where all purchases are made upfront, where the budget is split but one still commits to purchases from the outset, and where one has the ability to observe the stochastic outcome of the first stage in order to "re-plan" for the second stage. We apply this to a Red Cockaded Woodpecker conservation problem. Our results show interesting runtime distributions and objective value patterns, as well as a delicate trade-off between spending all budget upfront vs. saving part of it for later.
Enhancing Braden Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment in Acutely Ill Adult Veterans.

This study sought to determine if a parsimonious pressure ulcer (PU) predictive model could be identified specific to acute care to enhance the current PU risk assessment tool (Braden Scale) utilized within veteran facilities. Factors investigated include: diagnosis of gangrene, anemia, diabetes, malnutrition, osteomyelitis, pneumonia/pneumonitis, septicemia, candidiasis, bacterial skin infection, device/implant/graft complications, urinary tract infection, paralysis, senility, respiratory failure, acute renal failure, cerebrovascular accident, or congestive heart failure during hospitalization; patient's age, race, smoking status, history of previous PU, surgery, hours in surgery; length of hospitalization, and intensive care unit days. Retrospective chart review and logistic regression analyses were used to examine Braden scores and other risk factors in 213 acutely ill veterans in North Florida with (n = 100) and without (n = 113) incident PU from January–July 2008. Findings indicate four medical factors (malnutrition, pneumonia/pneumonitis, candidiasis, and surgery) have stronger predictive value (sensitivity 83%, specificity 72%, area under receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve 0.82) for predicting PUs in acutely ill veterans than Braden Scale total scores alone (sensitivity 65%, specificity 70%, area under ROC curve 0.70). In addition, accounting for four medical factors plus two Braden subscores (activity and friction) demonstrates better overall model performance (sensitivity 80%, specificity 76%, area under ROC curve 0.88).
The exposure of children to lead, by J. Julian Chisholm and Harold E. Harrison, Pediatrics, 1956:18;943-958.

During the years 1952 to 1954 in Baltimore, Maryland, 197 lead-exposed children were studied, including 89 with acute encephalopathy. Of those with acute encephalopathy, 4 children died and 23 had severe sequelae such as severe mental retardation, behavior disorder, or recurrent convulsions. These poisonings were caused by the ingestion of lead-based paint. Strikingly, even ingestion of very small quantities of paint flakes was associated with serious illness. Illness onset was most often in the summer season. Lead exposure in children who were originally used as unexposed control subjects was found to be significant as well, indicating that lead exposure as a child health problem is much more extensive than heretofore thought to exist. The only adequate protective measure is removal of lead from the child9s environment.
The LIBOR/SABR Market Models: A Critical Review

This paper reviews the LIBOR market model (LMM) and the LMM-SABR model. While a plethora of interest rate models, such as fundamental models, single-plus models, double-plus models, and triple plus models, can be used for valuation of plain vanilla derivatives, only a few models such as the LMM and the LMM-SABR have been proposed as models that can hedge plain vanilla derivatives as well as value complex interest rate derivatives. However, given that LMM and LMM-SABR models are triple-plus models, they are calibrated to market prices by allowing time-inhomogeneous volatilities, and by changing numerous model inputs, period by period. Changing the model period by period and using time-inhomogeneous volatilities make risk-return analysis impossible under the physical measure. Further, this paper demonstrates that the LMM-SABR model is based on the highly questionable assumption of zero drifts for the volatility processes (under the forward rate specific measures), which has no economic justification, and can lead to explosive behavior for volatilities. We suggest high-dimensional affine and quadratic models that use fast analytical approximations (such as the fourier inversion method and the cumulant expansion method) for pricing caps and swaptions, as alternatives to the LMM and the LMM-SABR model.
Role of atrial natriuretic peptide in systemic responses to acute isotonic volume expansion.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) may activate multiple mechanisms that protect against circulatory volume overload. We hypothesized that a temporal relationship exists between increases in cardiac ...
Mortality of a heterogeneous cohort; description and implications.

A recent model for heterogeneous mortality by Vaupel et al....is shown to be based on incorrect definitions. An alternative formulation is presented. The results indicate that current methods for computing the survivorship and life expectation functions underestimate the true values. A method is given for determining the possible magnitude of this underestimation. The method is illustrated by a numerical example using U.S. data. (EXCERPT)
Profoams and antifoams

Abstract The phenomena of foaming and antifoaming can be traced to the presence of surface-tension gradients and consequent movement of the liquid surface, along with its immediately underlying bulk liquid, from regions of lower to regions of higher surface tension (Marangoni effects). These effects may be produced by temperature gradients or in systems of more than one component even under isothermal conditions, by surface activity. The latter does not necessarily require that one of the components be a conventional amphipathic solute (surfactant): in all multicomponent systems, conditions of near approach to a phase separation from a liquid phase are accompanied by a preliminary adsorption of the conjugate phase, with consequent surface activity (Gibbs adsorption theorem). The closer these conditions approach the solubility limit, the greater the adsorption. Profoaming and sometimes antifoaming effects will result, the latter only when the solubility limit is exceeded and the separated conjugate phase has a surface energy low enough to be dewetted by the medium (Ross-Nishioka effects). Several examples of the application of these principles are described.
REFINEMENT OF A BIAS‐CORRECTION PROCEDURE FOR THE WEIGHTED LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATOR OF ABILITY

In practical applications of item response theory (IRT), item parameters are usually estimated first from a calibration sample. After treating these estimates as fixed and known, ability parameters are then estimated. However, the statistical inferences based on the estimated abilities can be misleading if the uncertainty of the item parameter estimates is ignored. Instead, estimated item parameters can be regarded as covariates measured with error. Along the line of this measurement-error-model approach, asymptotic expansions of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and weighted likelihood estimator (WLE) of ability were derived by Zhang, Xie, Song, and Lu (2007). In this paper, we propose an estimator of an ability parameter based on the asymptotic formula of the WLE. A simulation study shows that the new estimator effectively reduces the bias of the MLE or WLE of ability caused by the uncertainty of the item parameter estimates not taken into account.
DIFFUSION TEXTURE GROWTH OF Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O SUPERCONDUCTORS

Typically, Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors have a peculiar crystal platelet morphology caused by preferred orientations during crystal growth. Aligned platelets can be formed by reaction between Pb-Bi-O and a ceramic precursor, such as SrCaCu2O4+y. The alignment is due to gravitational pull on the liquid phase during sintering. The processing, microstructure and superconducting transport properties of these aligned BSCCO materials have been characterized. Scanning electron microscopy shows that thick, fiber-textured, films grow in single domains. Zero resistivity at 100 K was observed in a textured specimen sintered for 100 hours. With differential thermal analysis, the flux action of lead, which accelerates the kinetics of Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+y formation, is understood.
Aqueous Ions in Process Water and Cake Moisture During Iron Ore Filtration

In mineral beneficiation plants, aqueous ions from the process water concentrate within the filter cake moisture. These high concentrations of ions can lead to operational issues during downstream processes. This paper examines the ionic content of iron ore slurry before it was filtered at an operating hematite beneficiation plant and compared it with the ionic content of the moisture in the resultant filter cake. Water analyses were conducted to determine the sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, fluoride, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, carbonate, sulfate, and phosphate concentrations in both filter feed slurry and filter cake moisture. Results have shown that all tested ions within the process are more concentrated within the filter cake moisture than in the filter feed slurry. This has been attributed to the physical and chemical interactions of these ions with the iron ore particle surfaces. Of these ions, phosphorus concentrates most with the filter cake moisture content having a phosphorus content tha...
Lymphangioma circumscriptum following mastectomy and radiation therapy

We describe a woman who developed clear, tense vesicles in an area of chronic lymphedema 8 years following mastectomy and radiation therapy. The vesicles showed the clinical and pathologic features of lymphangioma circumscriptum, which can develop as a late sequelae of the lymphatic damage inherent in some forms of cancer therapy.
Cavitation at migrating boundaries during high temperature fatigue

There is growing interest in the role of migrating boundaries during high temperature deformation. One area of current interest is the manner in which grain boundary migration can influence deformation and fracture at elevated temperatures. Much of the detailed treatments of intergranular cracking and cavitation during creep deformation have centered on effects occurring at stationary grain boundaries. The conventional idea represented in numerous publications is that grain boundary sliding plays an important role in intergranular fracture at elevated temperatures. The large stress concentrations developed at irregularities on grain boundaries are frequently cited as the principal reason for the easy generation of cracks and cavities. This article concludes that high temperature fatigue can cause significant migration and sliding in Al-3% Mg and Pb-2% Sn solid solution alloys, and that microcavitation and cracking takes place at the migrating boundaries in specimens tested at large strain amplitudes and low test frequencies. Cavities may be isolated within grains due to boundary migration.
ECAT: An electronic data analysis tool for ABET display materials

ABET, Inc. requires that display materials, including syllabuses, assignments and examples of student work, be collected the year before an accreditation site visit. The Exhibit Collection and Analysis Tool (ECAT) was created to electronically store and organize display materials for our program in a manner that was useful for ABET program evaluators. ECAT was designed as a simple, maintainable, structured search engine. The ABET program evaluator who visited our institution repeatedly praised ECAT at length. ECAT was used to count the number of occurrences of assignments that support each of the eleven ABET program outcomes, resulting in a novel metric to support outcomes assessment. ECAT could be extended to include classifications in Bloom's taxonomy, to check program depth in addition to breadth. Future uses for ECAT include building an electronic portfolio for our program, similar to the e-portfolios that some engineering programs build for outcomes assessment.
AnS-matrix theory of the vertex\rho \to {\mathcal{N}}\bar {\mathcal{N}} based on the strip approximationbased on the strip approximation

The\(\pi \pi \to {\mathcal{N}}{\mathcal{N}}\) amplitudes are studied in the neighborhood of the ρ-meson mass and a simple dynamical calculation based on a consistent use of the strip approximation is proposed to study the vertex\(\rho \to {\mathcal{N}}\bar {\mathcal{N}}\). In particular, the vertex\(\rho \to {\mathcal{N}}\bar {\mathcal{N}}\) is expressed in terms of a « potential » (assumed to get its strongest contributions from low-mass baryon states exchanged in the\(\pi {\mathcal{N}}\) channels) and theJ=1,I=1 ππ phase shifts. We can therefore generate the vertex\(\rho \to {\mathcal{N}}{\mathcal{N}}\) and compare this prediction with experimental information about the nucleon electromagnetic (EM) structure. If there is agreement, this will provide a posteriori justification of the strip approximation in bootstrap calculations in the\(\pi {\mathcal{N}}\) and\({\mathcal{N}}{\mathcal{N}}\) systems. In both cases the vertex\(\rho \to {\mathcal{N}}\bar {\mathcal{N}}\) plays a nontrivial role. The ρ-meson can couple to the\({\mathcal{N}}{\mathcal{N}}\) system in two ways: first ρ can couple to the charge of the nucleon (call this coupling\(\gamma _{\mathcal{N}} \)) and second to the magnetic moment (call this coupling\(\gamma '_{\mathcal{N}}\)). If we denote the coupling of ρ → ππ asγπ the results of this analysis can be summarized as follows:\(\gamma '_{\mathcal{N}} /\gamma _\pi = + (6/\gamma _\pi ^2 ) (2.3)\),\(\gamma _{\mathcal{N}} /\gamma _\pi = + (6/\gamma _\pi ^2 ) (0.85)\),\(\gamma '_{\mathcal{N}} /\gamma _{\mathcal{N}} = + 2.7\). The first two numbers depend on the details of the strip approximation used for ππ scattering. The ratio\(\gamma '_{\mathcal{N}} /\gamma _{\mathcal{N}} \) is relatively independent of these details. It is also possible to calculate\(\gamma '_{\mathcal{N}} /\gamma _\pi , \gamma '_{\mathcal{N}} /\gamma _\pi \) and\(\gamma '_{\mathcal{N}} /\gamma _\pi \) from the nucleon EM structure. The results are\(\gamma '_{\mathcal{N}} /\gamma _\pi = + (6/\gamma _\pi ^2 ) (2.6)\),\(\gamma _{\mathcal{N}} /\gamma _\pi = + (6/\gamma _\pi ^2 ) (0.7)\),\(\gamma '_{\mathcal{N}} /\gamma _{\mathcal{N}} = + 3.7\). Again the first two numbers depend on the details of the strip approximation used for ππ scattering and the third is relatively independent of these details.
Murine Leukemia Virus: Restriction in Fused Permissive and Nonpermissive Cells

Cultures of human cells nonpermissive for mouse leukemia virus replication could not be induced to support virus replication by homologous fusion in the presence of Moloney leukemia virus. Human cells were also fused with permissive mouse cells, and the fate of the virus in heterokaryons was determined by a simultaneous autoradiography and fluorescent antibody technique. Heterokaryons containing the full chromosome complement of both cells were likewise nonpermissive for virus synthesis, but hybrids of human and mouse cells, which lacked up to half of the human chromosome complement, were permissive for virus synthesis. The results suggest that human cell genes can direct a repressive control over mouse leukemia virus replication.
Deducing the 237U(n,f) cross-section using the Surrogate Ratio Method

We have deduced the cross section for $^{237}\mathrm{U}$($n,f$) over an equivalent neutron energy range from 0 to 20 MeV using the surrogate ratio method. A 55 MeV $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ beam from the 88 inch cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was used to induce fission in the following reactions: $^{238}\mathrm{U}$$(\ensuremath{\alpha},{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}}f)$ and $^{236}\mathrm{U}$$(\ensuremath{\alpha},{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}}f)$. The $^{238}\mathrm{U}$ reaction was a surrogate for $^{237}\mathrm{U}$$(n,f)$, and the $^{236}\mathrm{U}$ reaction was used as a surrogate for $^{235}\mathrm{U}$$(n,f)$. Scattered \ensuremath{\alpha} particles were detected in a fully depleted segmented silicon telescope array over an angle range of ${35}^{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}$ to ${60}^{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}$ with respect to the beam axis. The fission fragments were detected in a third independent silicon detector located at backward angles between ${106}^{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}$ and ${131}^{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}$.
Consultation-liaison training for child psychiatrists: Results of a survey

Abstract As a first step toward improving the quality of training for child psychiatrists in the increasingly important area of consultation-liaison work, a survey of current educational experiences in child psychiatry programs was carried out. Sixtyfour programs (61% of those sampled) responded to a questionnaire and request for information. The consultation-liaison field remains minimally emphasized, as three-fourths of the programs devote less than 11% of the fellowship training time experiences to this area. Variations in the rotations are summarized, and five reasons for the low priority of consultation-liaison training are proposed.
A longitudinal study in a national sample of young farmers in the United States

Abstract This study is based on Project TALENT data collected in the last year of high school and five years beyond high school. Young men were classified as persisters in, dropouts from, and recruits to farming as a career. Those groups were compared with each other and with students in general. The most outstanding characteristic of young farmers in the United States is their relatively extensive background in agriculture, including father's occupation, high school curriculum, extracurricular activities in high school, work experience, and college major. Five years after high school, young fanners are more likely than students in general to have embarked on their life work and to have established their family. Differences in college attendance are consistent with this pattern. Despite incomes that are often relatively low, young farmers are not more dissatisfied with their work. The characteristics tapped by psychological tests appear to have few strong relationships to choice, satisfaction, and success in farming as a career.
Expression of the Receptor Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase, PTPμ, Restores E-cadherin-dependent Adhesion in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells

Normal prostate expresses the receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase, PTPmu, whereas LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells do not. PTPmu has been shown previously to interact with the E-cadherin complex. LNCaP cells express normal levels of E-cadherin and catenins but do not mediate either PTPmu- or E-cadherin-dependent adhesion. Re-expression of PTPmu restored cell adhesion to PTPmu and to E-cadherin. A mutant form of PTPmu that is catalytically inactive was re-expressed, and it also restored adhesion to PTPmu and to E-cadherin. Expression of PTPmu-extra (which lacks most of the cytoplasmic domain) induced adhesion to PTPmu but not to E-cadherin, demonstrating a requirement for the presence of the intracellular domains of PTPmu to restore E-cadherin-mediated adhesion. We previously observed a direct interaction between the intracellular domain of PTPmu and RACK1, a receptor for activated protein kinase C (PKC). We demonstrate that RACK1 binds to both the catalytically active and inactive mutant form of PTPmu. In addition, we determined that RACK1 binds to the PKCdelta isoform in LNCaP cells. We tested whether PKC could be playing a role in the ability of PTPmu to restore E-cadherin-dependent adhesion. Activation of PKC reversed the adhesion of PTPmuWT-expressing cells to E-cadherin, whereas treatment of parental LNCaP cells with a PKCdelta-specific inhibitor induced adhesion to E-cadherin. Together, these studies suggest that PTPmu regulates the PKC pathway to restore E-cadherin-dependent adhesion via its interaction with RACK1.
Health beliefs and pediatric emergency department after-care adherence.

This study’s purpose was to apply a multivariate adaptation of the Health Belief Model (HBM) to examine parental adherence to pediatric emergency department (ED) after-care instructions. Parents/legal guardians (n=162) of children ages 0–17 years with minor (noncritical) conditions (e.g. abrasion/contusion, laceration) completed health beliefs and demographics questionnaires while waiting for their child to be seen. Postdischarge, children’s medical records were reviewed for after-care instructions and insurance status, and parents were phoned to assess adherence to specific after-care instructions. In logistic regressions, health beliefs (barriers, severity, susceptibility) and child age significantly predicted several postdischarge adherence behaviors, including home care procedures and prescription medication purchase. Results are discussed as they relate to the effects of specific health belief variables and the need for further refinement of the HBM in accordance with the changing health care system; clinical applications are proposed.
Characterization of ternary Cu-Sn-Au bulk alloys and thin films

The variation of the microstructure and corresponding properties of several Cu-based Au alloys with differing Sn contents was investigated. Both bulk alloys and thin films of the same composition were studied to determine whether characterization of the bulk alloys could be used to predict the optimal thin film composition. For bulk alloys with less than 10% Sn content, the electrical resistivity and hardness were found to be only slightly increased over those of a Cu-Au alloy with no added Sn ; however they increase rapidly with further increases in Sn content. A microstructural study indicated that these changes in properties are primarily attributable to the formation of a hard e-Cu3Sn phase. The characteristic needle shape of these preciptated particles, as well as their volume fraction, seems to contribute to the embrittlement of the alloy. The orientation relationship between α-Cu and the e-Cu3Sn precipitate was found to be {fx191-1} and {fx191-2} The relative variation in resistivity as a function of Sn concentration was the same for the thin film and the bulk alloy, although their absolute values were different because of surface oxidation and small grain size in thin films. Given the observed microstructural similarity, the similar composition depen dence leads to the conclusion that the properties of bulk alloys may be used to make reasonable predictions about the behavior of thin films in systems in which the thin film phase composition is the equilibrium one by heat treatment.
MONITORING CHILDREN'S PHYSICAL ACTIVITY WITH PEDOMETERS: REACTIVITY REVISITED

Thirty-two children (aged 7–11 years) were monitored for 4–5 consecutive days under two randomly assigned crossover treatment/non-treatment conditions (minimum of 2 days for each condition): (1) accelerometer (i.e., control or covert monitoring); and (2) accelerometer and pedometer (i.e., treatment or known monitoring). Participants were informed the accelerometer was measuring “time”—serving as the blinding condition. Paired analyses were performed between conditions for four time segments (warm-up and three activity units). A significant difference during the warm-up was observed. No other changes in activity levels were present. The findings suggest that during unrestricted play, children increase their activity when being monitored.
Persistence of bovine milk xanthine oxidase activity after gastric digestion in vivo and in vitro.

Abstract Seventy rats were fasted for 20h and used in two experiments. In the first experiment fasted rats were intubated with 5ml marketed milk of known xanthine oxidase activity. After dosing, food was withheld, and rats were sacrificed at intervals. The stomach of each rat was excised and its contents assayed polarographically for xanthine oxidase activity. Activity decreased with time. At .5 and 1.5h the recovered activities were 62 and 45%, and in some rats activity persisted up to 8h. In the second experiment, fasted rats received 2ml marketed milk. Enzyme activity dropped faster than in the first experiment. Typical gastric transit times for ingested milk were 30 to 40min. Enzyme activity in milk began to decrease at pH 6.70; below pH 3.90 the enzyme was inactivated completely. Inactivation was partly reversible at pH 2.50 and above by adjusting the pH to 7.3. When simulated gastric juice and milk were combined in ratios of 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3, pH's were 1.85, 2.08, 3.57, 5.16, and 5.56, and respective activities were 0, 0, 0, 14.2, and 23.8%. In one in vitro experiment, when juice and milk (1:2) were intubated at 37C for 0, .5, 8, and 24h, their pH's were 5.20, 5.26, 5.13, and 5.15 while recovered activities were 19.2, 18.7, 14.9, and 9.9%. When juice and milk (1:2) were incubated for .5h and followed by pancreatin solution for 0, .5, 3.5, and 7.5h, the recovered activities were 13.5, 11.9, 7.2, and 6.1%. Considerable xanthine oxidase in milk is not inactivated in the gastrointestinal tract but is available for absorption.
The N Word Its History and Use in the African American Community

Despite the general societal ban on use of forms of nigger, a variant finds continued acceptance among some members of the African American community for intragroup self-reference. The present research employs quantitative and qualitative analysis of data from narratives by African American comedians to show that a variant of nigger that developed in the early African American community persists in the lexicon of African American English because it conveys a social meaning that is foundational in the identity of many African Americans. Use of this form allows a speaker to construct an identity representing awareness of the history of African Americans and practical knowledge of the nature and implications of the diaspora experience. The form has been productive in its capacity to convey a range of attitudinal stances related to its basic meaning, including solidarity, censure, and a proactive stance that seeks to bring about positive change.