cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Viability, growth, and maturation of fetal brain and spinal cord in the siatic nerve of adult rat

The feasibility for growth, maturation, and differentiation of fetal nervous system implanted into adult mammalian peripheral nervous system was studied. Thirty-five adult rats had the epineurium of the sciatic nerve crushed, perineurium minced, and fetal rat cortex or spinal cord implanted. Rats were utilized 7, 14, and 21 days, and 1, 2, 3, and 4 months later. A 1-mm cube of cortex or a 1-mm segment of spinal cord of 11-, 12-, or 15-day gestation fetuses was placed into the epineurium. Age-matched controls (7 DPI (days postimplantation) control for E15 implant was a 1-day pup, 21 days' gestation) were utilized for comparison (two per time group). Five animals had sciatic crush and perineurial mince only, and the gait and toe-spreading response were observed over 4 months. All implanted animals walked normally at 30 days. All implants were successful and survived the duration of the experiment. Cortical implants produced prominent bulges in the epineurium (21 days-4 months). Maximal neuronal and neurolgial cell division was observed at 7-21 days, decreased at 30 days, and stopped by 60 days. Most implanted cortical neurons had mature nuclei and immature dendritic patterns (apolar), and rarely had mature dendritic patterns. Neuroglia were abundant. The younger the cortical implant, the larger the cell mass produced (E11 greater than E15). The spinal cord implants survived, were viable, contained mainly neuroglia, and grew minimally. Host Schwann cells and nerve fibers were found in and around the implants. These data show that adult peripheral nervous system can act as an environment for growth and viability of fetal CNS implants.
Bromodeoxyuridine: a diagnostic tool in biology and medicine, Part II: Oncology, chemotherapy and carcinogenesis.

This paper follows on from Part 1 of my review of bromodeoxyuridine published earlier this year (Dolbeare, 1995).
Magnetic field dependence of delayed fluorescence of pyrene in solution

$^{1}$R. E. Merrifield, J. Chem. Phys- 48, 4318 (1968). $^{2}$L. R. Faulkner and A. J. Bard, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 91, 6495 (1969).
Evidence of a Terror Management Function of Cultural Icons: The Effects of Mortality Salience on the Inappropriate Use of Cherished Cultural Symbols

Based on the terror management notion that cultural icons are part of a system that provides protection from fears about one's mortality, it was hypothesized that reminding subjects of their mortality would make it more difficult for them to use cultural icons in an inappropriate way. Subjects responded to questions about either their own mortality or television, and then participated in two problem-solving tasks involving the culturally inappropriate use of cultural icons (a flag and crucifix) or the use of neutral objects. Although mortality salience did not affect actual use of the objects, it did increase the amount of time required to solve the problems, the number of alternative solutions generated, and the extent to which subjects expressed reluctance to use the icons. Mortality salience also increased subjects' reports of task difficulty and tension when the optimal solutions of the problems required inappropriate use of the cultural icons.
Demographics, diabetes type, and degree of rehabilitation in diabetic patients on maintenance hemodialysis in Brooklyn

A point prevalence study of 232 uremic diabetics undergoing maintenance hemodialysis was conducted at fourteen facilities in Brooklyn, NY, to ascertain extent of rehabilitation, diabetes type, and immediate family history of diabetes according to the diabetes type in the proband. The majority of patients were black (138, 59%) and female (131, 56%). When grouped by diabetes type, insulin-dependent (Type I) diabetics were a small minority (31, 13.4%) of the total study population. With the exception of those with onset of diabetes in childhood, there was no difference between the interval between diagnosis of diabetes and development of renal failure in Type I (15.3 +/- 8.6 years) and the overall group of diabetics (14.9 +/- 9.3 years). A history of diabetes in an immediate family member was found in 114 (49.1%) of the entire group and was approximately the same in Type I (41.9%) and Type II (52.5%) diabetics. Rehabilitation was poor for the group as a whole, with a mean Karnofsky score of 64.9 +/- 14.3, which is a level indicative of the need for assistance in everyday living, and there was an inverse correlation between increasing age and declining Karnofsky score. Factors inhibiting rehabilitation included serious vision loss in 137 (59.1%) subjects, limb amputation, and prior myocardial infarction and stroke. Only 7 of the 153 patients (4.8%) of those younger than age 65 were gainfully employed outside of the home, and only 27% of surveyed patients were able to attend to activities beyond self care. Maintenance hemodialysis, although life extending, does not induce substantive rehabilitation for the uremic diabetic.
Strain-induced crystallization and strength of elastomers. I. cis-1,4-polybutadiene

Crosslinked samples of cis-1,4-polybutadiene (BR) were crystallized at low temperatures and then slowly melted. From volume changes and differential scanning calorimetry measurements, the degree of crystallization in the unstrained state was estimated to be about 20%, much lower than for natural rubber (NR). Crystallization and melting were followed in stretched samples by corresponding changes in tensile stress. Crystallization was faster at higher strains, and the melting temperature was raised significantly on stretching but less than for NR, and the decrease in stress on crystallizing was smaller. Measurements of tensile strength were made over a wide temperature range and showed a marked drop with heating to temperatures of 40–60 °C, falling to values of only 1–2 MPa. A similar drop in strength occurred in NR vulcanizates at high temperatures and was attributed to failure to crystallize on stretching (A. G. Thomas & J. M. Whittle, Rubber Chem Technol 1970, 43, 222; A. N. Gent, S. Kawahara & J. Zhao, Rubber Chem Technol 1998, 71, 668). At ambient temperatures, where strain-induced crystallization occurred, the strength of BR samples was only about one-half of that of similar NR materials. This was attributed to less strain-induced crystallinity in BR (verified by X-ray studies), paralleling the lower amount developed at low temperatures. We speculate that the higher density of molecular entanglements in BR than in NR prevents BR from crystallizing to the same degree as NR. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 811–817, 2001
Compositional studies of near-room-temperature thermal CVD poly(chloro-p-xylylene)/SiO2 nanocomposites

Chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) nanostructured thin films have been recently developed to overcome the limitations of thin films from one material class. In particular polymer/SiO2 nanocomposite thin films have been developed to reduce power consumption, cross-talk, and RC delay in the next generation of ultralarge-scale integrated devices. Since polymers mainly possess electronic polarization they inherently have a low dielectric constant. However, they often suffer from poor dielectric anisotropy, low elastic and shear moduli, and have poor resistance to metallic diffusion. As a proof of concept, poly(chloro-p-xylylene)/SiO2 thermal CVD nanocomposites have been developed to overcome such material deficiencies. Additionally, the CVD process allows for high manufacturing throughput and compositional control in situ, both potentially advantageous for IC fabrication. The study here focuses on the polymeric phase of the nanocomposite, which as a homopolymer can possess ≈60% crystallinity and a positive optical birefringence of 0.034, both post-deposition-annealed just before the polymer’s melting point. With increasing volume percent of SiO2, the percent crystallinity is reduced, the thin film becomes more isotropic and the index of refraction can be varied depending on the volume percent SiO2.
Patterns of Knowledge: The Geography of Advanced Services and the Case of Art and Culture

Much emphasis has been placed on the importance of agglomeration economies as a backbone to urban and regional growth. Case study research points out that particular cities and regions have a competitive advantage in industrial activity over others, yet we have little by way of a satisfactory means of formally studying the geography of these industrial patterns to demonstrate how the specific case studies fit into a larger pattern of agglomeration that can be applied to more than one place. Is the agglomeration itself in fact exhibiting statistically robust and significant patterns? What do the patterns look like and how do they differ by region? Using geographic information systems to analyze spatial autocorrelation and “hot spots” of industries, we compare the ten most populous metropolitan statistical areas across several “advanced” service sectors (professional, management, media, finance, art and culture, engineering and high technology). We find that much of the qualitative evidence on industrial cl...
Risk Mitigation Tactics for Planning and Monitoring Global Software Development Projects

This tutorial describes a structured approach for determining the GSD related risks specific to a given project, selecting appropriate tactics for addressing these risks, and suggesting ways in which the level of risk can be monitored during the execution of the project.
Point defects in binary NbCr2 Laves-phase alloys

Point defects in the binary NbCr{sub 2} alloys have been studied and clarified combining both bulk density and X-ray lattice parameter measurements. It was shown that the previous postulation that constitutional vacancy is the defect mechanism at the Nb-rich side is not accurate. The constitutional defects on both sides of stoichiometry for the NbCr{sub 2} system are of the anti-site type. Thermal vacancies exhibiting a maximum at the stoichiometric composition were obtained in samples quenched from 1,400 C. These could be completely eliminated by annealing at 1,000 C.
USE OF NOVEL ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS FOR PATIENTS WITH NON-VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: RESULTS FROM THE NCDR PINNACLE REGISTRY

The use of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) such as direct thrombin inhibitors and direct activated Factor X inhibitors in routine clinical practice is not well described. We undertook this study to characterize the adoption and patterns of use of NOACs in a sample of outpatient cardiology
Erythema Nodosum in Pregnant Patients with Coccidioidomycosis

Pregnant patients with coccidioidomycosis develop dissemination and serious disease more frequently than do the general population. To assist in prognosis and management, we analyzed the significance of erythema nodosum in pregnant patients with coccidioidomycosis. Sixty-one pregnant patients (mean age +/- SD, 26.4 +/- 6.3 years) were evaluated. Seventy percent of the patients were Hispanic; 15%, African American; 13%, Caucasian; and 2%, unknown race. Of the 30 patients (49%) who developed erythema nodosum, 0 had disseminated disease (P = .001), 1 (3%) with pulmonary involvement required therapy for > 1 year, and 29 (97%) recovered (P = .0008). Of the 31 patients (51%) without erythema nodosum, 11 (35%) had disseminated disease, 12 (39%) required therapy for > 1 year, 17 (55%) recovered, 1 (3%) died, and 1 (3%) had an outcome that was unknown. Erythema nodosum appears to be a salient marker of a positive outcome for pregnant patients, more so than for the general population.
Insulin-Like Growth Factors-1 and -2, but not Hypoxia, Synergize with Gonadotropin Hormone to Promote Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Secretion by Monkey Granulosa Cells from Preovulatory Follicles

The midcycle gonadotropin surge promotes vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) production by granulosa cells in the ovulatory follicle, but it is unclear whether primary regulators of VEGF secretion in other tissues, including hypoxia and growth factors, are also important in the ovary. To address these issues, granulosa cells were collected from rhesus monkeys during controlled ovarian stimulation either before (i.e., nonluteinized granulosa cells, NLGCs) or 27 hours after (i.e., luteinized granulosa cells, LGCs) administration of an ovulatory bolus of hCG, and cultured in fibronectin-coated wells containing a chemically defined media. When NLGCs were transferred to various O2 environments (20%, 5%, or 0% O2) or media containing 100 mM CoCl2, LH (100 ng/ml)-stimulated progesterone (P4) levels were markedly (P < 0.05) suppressed by 0% O2 or CoCl2. VEGF concentrations also declined (P < 0.05) in control, CoCl2, and CoCl2 + LH groups in 0% O2, although CoCl2 modestly increased (75% above control; P < 0.05) VEGF levels in 20% and 5% O2. When NLGCs were cultured in the presence of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-2, or insulin, there was a dose-dependent increase (P < 0.05) in VEGF levels on Day 1 of culture. Whereas optimal doses of IGF-1 or IGF-2 (50 ng/ml), hCG (100 ng/ml), and IGF plus hCG stimulated VEGF levels on Day 1, only the combination of IGF-1 or IGF-2 plus hCG increased VEGF above controls and sustained levels through Day 3 of culture. The synergistic effects of IGF and hCG were also evident in P4 levels, and were not due to changes in DNA content between treatment groups. LGCs produced much higher levels of P4 and VEGF, but the responses to different O2 concentrations and insulin-related factors were qualitatively similar to those of NLGCs. These results suggest that hypoxia is not a primary regulator of VEGF production in primate granulosa cells. However, IGFs may act in concert with the gonadotropin surge to promote VEGF secretion in the ovulatory, luteinizing follicle.
Two kinds of urinary continence reflexes during abrupt elevation of intravesical pressure in rats

Urethral closure mechanisms during abrupt elevation of intravesical pressure (P(ves)) were investigated. During sneezing, the middle urethral closing response was observed and it still remained after opening the abdomen. The middle urethral response was almost completely abolished after bilateral transection of somatic nerves innervating the external urethral sphincter and the pelvic floor muscles, while bilateral transection of both pelvic nerves and hypogastric nerves had no effects. Somatic nerve transection resulted in fluid leakage from the urethral orifice during sneezing. Passive increments of P(ves) for 120 seconds by elevating a saline reservoir connected to the bladder also induced the middle urethral closing response in rats with spinal cord transection at T8-T9. The response was totally abolished by cutting pelvic nerves bilaterally, and partially reduced after bilateral transection of pudendal nerves, nerves to pelvic floor muscles or hypogastric nerves. Electrical stimulation of abdominal muscles (ESAM) for 1 second elevated P(ves) in a stimulus-dependent manner in the spinal cord-transected rats, and the P(ves) rise was almost lost when the abdomen was opened. The P(ves) inducing fluid leakage from the urethral orifice was lowered in rats when pelvic nerves or somatic nerves were cut bilaterally, while transection of bilateral hypogastric nerves showed smaller effects. These results indicate that at least two kinds of urinary continence reflexes close the middle urethra during abrupt elevation of P(ves); one reflex observed during sneeze is preprogrammed so as to close the urethra automatically irrespective of bladder afferent activity, and the other reflex is triggered by bladder afferent excitation. During momentary stress events such as sneezing (<0.15 seconds) and ESAM (1 second), the striated muscles mainly contribute to the urethral closure, while during events for a relatively long period like passive P(ves) elevation for 120 seconds, both striated and smooth muscles are involved in the prevention of stress urinary incontinence.
The ballbot: An omnidirectional balancing mobile robot

The ballbot is a human-sized dynamically stable mobile robot that balances on a single ball. Unlike statically stable mobile robots, the ballbot is tall and narrow with a high center of gravity and a small footprint. Moreover, its dynamic stability enables it to be physically interactive. These characteristics make it better suited to navigate and interact in cluttered human environments. This paper presents the evolved hardware design of the ballbot with a four-wheel inverse mouse-ball drive to actuate the ball, and a yaw drive mechanism that enables unlimited rotation about its vertical axis. The ballbot also has a triad of legs that provide static stability when powered down. This paper presents a detailed description of the ballbot's control architecture, and it presents several experimental results that demonstrate its balancing and locomotion capabilities. This paper also presents a trajectory planning algorithm that plans for body lean motions, which, when tracked, result in the desired rest-to-rest motions of the robot. Finally, the paper illustrates some interesting human-robot physical interaction behaviors that can be achieved as a result of the ballbot's dynamic stability.
Early transformations in odor representation

Sensory representations are repeatedly transformed by neural computations that determine which of their attributes can be effectively processed at each stage. Whereas some early computations are common across multiple sensory systems, they can utilize dissimilar underlying mechanisms depending on the properties of each modality. Recent work in the olfactory bulb has substantially clarified the neural algorithms underlying early odor processing. The high-dimensionality of odor space strictly limits the utility of topographical representations, forcing similarity-dependent computations such as decorrelation to employ unusual neural algorithms. The distinct architectures and properties of the two prominent computational layers in the olfactory bulb suggest that the bulb is directly comparable not only to the retina but also to primary visual cortex.
Strain matrix-dependently dissociates gut epithelial spreading and motility.

Background Repetitive deformation enhances intestinal epithelial migration across tissue fibronectin (tFN) via Src but inhibits migration across collagen. Since cell spreading generally precedes motility, we compared the effects of cyclic strain on Caco-2 spreading and migration on tFN, collagen-I, and plasma fibronectin (pFN), and investigated the role of Src in deformation-influenced spreading and migration. Materials and Methods Human Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells on tFN, collagen-I or pFN were subjected to an average 10% strain at 10 cycles/min for 2 h. Src was inhibited with 10μM PP2 or Src was reduced with siRNA. Parallel studies assessed deformation effects on monolayer wound closure. Results Deformation, Src-inhibition or reduction each inhibited spreading on tFN but Src-inhibition or reduction prevented further inhibition of spreading by deformation without preventing further inhibition of motility. Deformation did not alter spreading on collagen-I or pFN, but inhibited wound closure. Conclusions Although cell spreading generally precedes and parallels motility, repetitive deformation regulates motility independently of spreading. Since deformation activates Src, the ability of Src blockade to mimic strain-associated inhibition of spreading on tFN suggests that this effect occurs by a separate mechanism that may also require basal Src activity. Further delineation of the mechanisms by which strain disparately modulates spreading and motility may permit acceleration of mucosal healing by targeted interventions to separately promote spreading and epithelial motility.
Characterization of Depression in Alzheimer's Disease by the CERAD Behavior Rating Scale for Dementia (BRSD)

The authors selected 69 participants from an Alzheimer's disease research registry and diagnosed them as depressed or nondepressed by use of a semi-structured clinical interview. Responses to selected BRSD items were compared between the depressed and nondepressed groups. Differences between responses of the two groups on BRSD items related to anxiety and depression were significant. The groups did not significantly differ in their responses to items related to other content areas. On the basis of their responses to the BRSD anxiety and depression items, 70% of participants were correctly classified as depressed or nondepressed.
An examination of the MASC social anxiety scalein a non-referred sample of adolescents

Social phobia is prevalent during adolescence and is associated with negative outcomes. Two self-report instruments are empirically validated to specifically assess social phobia symptomatology in youth: the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children and the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents. The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children is a broad-band measure of anxiety containing a scale assessing the social phobia construct. The present study investigated the MASC Social Anxiety Scale in relation to other well-established measures of social phobia and depression in a non-referred sample of adolescents. Results support the convergent validity of the MASC Social Anxiety Scale and provide some support for its discriminant validity, suggesting its utility in the initial assessment of social phobia. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROCs) calculated the sensitivity and specificity of the MASC Social Anxiety Scale. Binary logistic regression analyses determined the predictive utility of the MASC Social Anxiety Scale. Implications for assessment are discussed.
Efficacy and mortality in treatment of refractory generalized convulsive status epilepticus in children: a meta-analysis.

There is no consensus on the choice of drug treatment for refractory generalized convulsive status epilepticus in children. The objective of this meta-analysis of the published literature was to determine the effects of drug treatments on efficacy (seizure cessation) and mortality in children with this condition, controlling for potential confounding factors. One hundred eleven children, treated with diazepam, midazolam, thiopental, pentobarbital, or isoflurane, met strict inclusion criteria. Diazepam was significantly less efficacious than other treatments (P = .006) stratifying for etiology. Overall mortality was 20% in symptomatic cases and 4% in idiopathic cases (P = .038). Mortality was less frequent in midazolam-treated patients (P = .021) stratifying for etiology. Midazolam appears to be a good choice for initial treatment of refractory generalized convulsive status epilepticus in children, but the attribution of differences in efficacy and mortality solely to drug effect is not possible based on the published literature.
Science and institutional research: The links

Discussions of the functions of institutional research are common. However, discussions concerning the structures associated with disciplined inquiry, theresearch part of institutional research, have been rare. This paper compares the process and structure of institutional research with three ways in which science is conceptualized. These comparisons result in the recognition that although institutional research has much in common with science, it is distinct from science. This paper begins the process of identifying the structures and assumptions that form the basis of institutional research.
Interaction with the Absorber as the Mechanism of Radiation

"We must, therefore, be prepared to find that further advance into this region will require a still more extensive renunciation of features which we are accustomed to demand of the space time mode of description." — Niels Bohr.
Induction by Interferon in HeLa Cells of a Protein Kinase Activated by Double‐Stranded RNA

Treatment of HeLa cells with human fibroblast interferon results in increased levels of latent protein kinase activity that can be activated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). The protein kinase activity in extracts of interferon-treated cells is assayed by two methods: (a) inhibition of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and (b) phosphorylation of two polypeptides of Mr 72000 (PI) and 38000 (the eIF-2α subunit of initiation factor 2). When extracts of interferon-treated cells are fractionated by centrifugation at 150000 xg, the protein kinase activity is found in the pellet fraction. The kinase is maximally activated by 0.1 μg/ml poly(I) poly(C). An increase in protein kinase activity is detected after 8 h of treatment with 100 units interferon/ml or after a 17-h treatment with 12.5 units/ml or greater interferon concentrations. Therefore, the kinase activity increases as a function of both time of treatment and interferon concentration. Addition of actinomycin D to cells during interferon treatment prevents this increase. The protein kinase activity decreases gradually over three days when interferon-treated cells are subsequently grown in the absence of interferon.
ON THE (NON)EVOLUTION OF H I GAS IN GALAXIES OVER COSMIC TIME

We present new results on the frequency distribution of projected H I column densities f(N H I , X), total comoving covering fraction, and integrated mass densities ρH I of high-redshift, H I galactic gas from a survey of damped Lyα systems (DLAs) in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Data Release 5. For the full sample spanning z = 2.2-5 (738 DLAs), f(N H I , X) is well fitted by a double power law with a break column density Nd = 1021.55±0.04 cm-2 and low/high-end exponents α = –2.00 ± 0.05, – 6.4+1.1 –1.6. The shape of f(N H I , X) is invariant during this redshift interval and also follows the projected surface density distribution of present-day H I disks as inferred from 21 cm observations. We conclude that H I gas has been distributed in a self-similar fashion for the past 12 Gyr. The normalization of f(N H I , X), in contrast, decreases by a factor of 2 during the 2 Gyr interval from z = 4-2.2 with coincident decreases in both the total covering fraction and ρH I . At z 2, these quantities match the present-day values suggesting no evolution during the past 10 Gyr. We argue that the evolution at early times is driven by violent processes that removes gas from nearly half the galaxies at z 3 establishing the antecedents of current early-type galaxies. The perceived constancy of ρH I , meanwhile, implies that H I gas is a necessary but insufficient precondition for star formation and that the global star formation rate is driven by the accretion and condensation of fresh gas from the intergalactic medium.
Acute renal response to rapid onset respiratory acidosis

Renal strong ion compensation to chronic respiratory acidosis has been established, but the nature of the response to acute respiratory acidosis is not well defined. We hypothesized that the response to acute respiratory acidosis in sheep is a rapid increase in the difference in renal fractional excretions of chloride and sodium (Fe(Cl) - Fe(Na)). Inspired CO(2) concentrations were increased for 1 h to significantly alter P(a)CO(2) and pH(a) from 32 ± 1 mm Hg and 7.52 ± 0.02 to 74 ± 2 mm Hg and 7.22 ± 0.02, respectively. Fe(Cl) - Fe(Na) increased significantly from 0.372 ± 0.206 to 1.240 ± 0.217% and returned to baseline at 2 h when P(a)CO(2) and pH(a) were 37 ± 0.6 mm Hg and 7.49 ± 0.01, respectively. Arterial pH and Fe(Cl) - Fe(Na) were significantly correlated. We conclude that the kidney responds rapidly to acute respiratory acidosis, within 30 min of onset, by differential reabsorption of sodium and chloride.
Heterogeneity of renin substrate released from hepatocytes and in brain extracts

Abstract Renin substrate was characterized in incubation medium of isolated hepatocytes, plasma, and brain extracts of the rat by isoelectric focusing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric focusing (IEF) profile of renin substrate released into incubation medium of rat hepatocytes demonstrated two peaks with isoelectric points (pI) of 4.1 (minor peak) and 4.6 (major peak). Extracts of normal rat brain also showed two forms (pI 4.6 major form, and pI 5.1 minor form). In contrast, normal rat plasma contained a single broad peak of substrate with pI 4.5. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), the hepatocytes medium and brain extracts contained forms of substrate with reduced mobility as compared to the plasma form. Intraperitoneal injection of 17β estradiol (1 mg) or bilateral nephrectomy significantly elevated renin substrate levels in plasma and increased its release from hepatocytes, however, no change in the IEF or PAGE profiles was evident. There was no remarkable change of substrate concentration in the brain following these treatments. Molecular weights of renin substrate were 60,000–65,000 from all preparations. It remains to be established whether the different forms of renin substrate from hepatocytes represent precursor forms of circulating plasma substrate. The presence of distinct forms of brain renin substrate and the lack of an increase in brain renin substrate following nephrectomy or estrogen treatment suggest local synthesis and support the postulate of an independent renin-angiotensin system in the central nervous system.
Amniotic fluid platelet-activating factor (PAF) is elevated in patients with tocolytic failure and preterm delivery.

Certain biological properties of PAF, including its ability to promote PGE2 synthesis and to induce myometrial contractions, support its potential role in parturition. The presence of PAF in amniotic fluid of human pregnancy appears to correlate with normal and pathologic labor. To further refine this relationship, we selected the clinical endpoints of preterm labor, tocolytic failure and preterm delivery, and evaluated amniotic fluid PAF within these groups of patients. We also measured acetylhydrolase (AH), PAF's primary degradative enzyme, to identify any correlation with the observed PAF levels. 39 specimens were collected by amniocentesis: 17 for karyotype, 6 to assess lung maturity at term and 16 in cases of preterm labor; 8 each with intact membranes and ruptured membranes at the time of sampling. PAF and AH were measured by a 3H-serotonin release bioassay and an in vitro enzyme assay using radiolabelled substrate, respectively. A 12-fold increase in PAF was found in the 3 preterm labor patients in whom tocolysis failed (delivery less than 48 hrs after treatment) compared to the 7 patients in whom labor was arrested (mean PAF = 35.0 vs 2.9 ng/ml, respectively; p = .017). Four of 8 patients with membrane rupture had preterm deliveries; their PAF levels were also elevated when compared to those that delivered at term (mean PAF = 19.7 vs 4.95 ng/ml). The 2 patients with positive amniotic fluid gram stains had the highest PAF levels in the entire cohort (30.5, 44.1 ng/ml), with low or undetectable AH. These data suggest that increased PAF production may be associated with preterm labor subsequent to tocolytic failure.
NMO-IgG positive relapsing longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) in a seropositive HIV patient

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO, Devic’s syndrome) is an inflammaory, demyelinating central nervous system disorder characterized y concurrence of optic neuritis associated with a lesion in the pinal cord extending over three or more vertebral segments. ingerchuk et al. validated new diagnostic criteria that require he occurrence of optic neuritis and transverse myelitis plus suporting serologic or MRI characteristics to confirm the diagnosis 1]. The description of a highly sensitive and specific biomarker for euromyelitis optica (NMO-IgG) extended the clinical spectrum of MO to limited forms such as optic neuritis (ON) and longitudinally xtensive transverse myelitis (LETM). To the best of our knowledge, here is only one other report of NMO in a patient with HIV but no erologic confirmation with NMO-IgG was obtained [2].
Are they leaving or staying: A qualitative analysis of turnover issues for Generation Y hospitality employees with a hospitality education

Abstract This research examines Generation Y hospitality employees with respect to why they would leave, or have left, the hospitality industry, what would cause them to return if they had left, and the perceived positive and negative career related traits of the hospitality industry. This research confirms Generation Y employees desire an exciting and challenging career, but also indicates they may be thinking more long-term in their career than typical Generation Y employees. Discussion and implications include how the results are useful for hospitality graduates, hospitality educators, and industry professionals.
a Proposed Method of Evaluating Flood Damages to Historic Homes - AN Externality Approach

: Traditional procedures for evaluating flood damages to residential dwellings do not reflect intrinsic values when applied to historic homes. Such structures are worth more than that determined by using depth-damage curves provided by insurance companies who assess damage values based upon current labor and material costs. The evaluation of the worth of a historic home and subsequent damages due to inundation can be regarded as a problem of externalities. An assessment technique reflecting historic amenities or what has been termed replication cost is proposed in this paper. Replication costs would have widespread use not only in solving flood dammage problems, but also in any study where historic entities are subject to damages from catastrophies such as hurricanes, soil and beach erosion, and increasing urbanization. If adopted as a technique, it would enhance and preserve the ever-decreasing enclaves of historic homes and neighborhoods.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Pegfilgrastim in Subjects With Various Degrees of Renal Function

A phase I study was conducted to evaluate the effects of renal function on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (absolute neutrophil count [ANC]) of pegfilgrastim in nonneutropenic subjects. Thirty subjects categorized into 5 renal function groups (normal, mildly impaired, moderately impaired, severely impaired, and end-stage renal disease) received 1 subcutaneous injection of pegfilgrastim at 6 mg. The ANC profiles after pegfilgrastim administration were similar across different renal function groups. No discernable correlation between pharmacokinetic parameter values and degree of renal impairment was observed; the mean values ranged from 147 to 201 ng/mL for C(max) and from 7469 to 8513 ng x h/mL for AUC. Results suggest that the kidney has no important role in the elimination of pegfilgrastim. Therefore, no dosage adjustment for renal impairment is indicated for pegfilgrastim.
Chip-Scale Low Power Analog Hardware Implemented Compressed Sensing and Target Detection Algorithms for Hyperspectral Imaging Applications

Low cost, low power hyperspectral imaging sensors and real-time, low power processing of hyperspectral data are needed for mobile platforms for agricultural, mineralogical, surveillance and physics applications. In this presentation we will show how two novel technologies - Compressed Sensing (CS) and analog Asynchronous Pulse Processing (APP) - are successfully applied to real time HSI sensing and processing.
Translating Memories; How Do You Read Me Now? The Art and Teaching of Angela Piehl

ABSTRACT Angela Piehl is a contemporary artist and lesbian who has exhibited in the United States and the United Kingdom. She is Assistant Professor of drawing, painting, and digital art at Oklahoma State University in Stillwater. Piehl's artwork consists of loosely autobiographical narratives that address society's narrow definitions of gender roles. Her current body of work is an abstraction of the gender messages inherent in images from advertising. Piehl continues to be involved in supporting the visibility of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, and two-spirited artists and their artwork through curated exhibitions and research projects.
Target discrimination technique utilizing noise waveforms

Noise waveforms generated using low cost diodes are a simple way for radars to transmit a wideband (> 4 GHz) multi-bit pseudorandom code for use in a cross correlation receiver. This type of waveform also has the advantage of being difficult to intercept and is less prone to interfere with adjacent systems. Radar designed to operate over this wide frequency range can take advantage of unique target Radar Cross Section (RCS) ripple versus frequency for objects of different materials and sizes. Specifically the periodicity and amplitude of the ripple is dependent on the shape and size of a target. Since background clutter does not display this variation, RCS variation determines whether a known target is present in a return. This paper will present the radar hardware and signal processing techniques used to maximize a target's unique spectral response against a cluttered background. The system operates CW over a 4-8 GHz bandwidth requiring the need to address issues regarding range resolution and far out undesired returns. Lessons learned from field observations and mitigation techniques incorporated in the system are included. This paper also deals with the signal processing technique used for detection, then discrimination. Detection thresholds are set and triggered by a simple correlation peak level. Discrimination involves inspection of the spectral return. A comparison performed in real time to a stored library value determines the presence of known objects. Measured data provided demonstrates the ability of the radar to discriminate multiple targets against multiple backgrounds.
Incorporating Strategic Consumer Behavior into Customer Valuation

Abstract The calculation of customer value without regard to marketing policy is problematic because the value of managerial flexibility and the impact of consumer learning are neglected. This article develops a structural dynamic programming model of consumer demand that includes marketing variables and consumer expectations of promotions. The author uses the estimated parameters to conduct policy experiments that yield more accurate forecasts of customer value and to study the impact of alternative marketing policies.
Energy modeling with particular reference to spatial systems

Abstract This article focuses the attention on energy models in relation to spatial systems. After a discussion of three types of methods used in the field of energy modeling (econometric models, input output analysis and programming models), the framework of a multi-component regional- energy econometric model is presented.
Real-time, rapidly updating severe weather products for virtual globes

It is critical that weather forecasters are able to put severe weather information from a variety of observational and modeling platforms into a geographic context so that warning information can be effectively conveyed to the public, emergency managers, and disaster response teams. The availability of standards for the specification and transport of virtual globe data products has made it possible to generate spatially precise, geo-referenced images and to distribute these centrally created products via a web server to a wide audience. In this paper, we describe the data and methods for enabling severe weather threat analysis information inside a KML framework. The method of creating severe weather diagnosis products that are generated and translating them to KML and image files is described. We illustrate some of the practical applications of these data when they are integrated into a virtual globe display. The availability of standards for interoperable virtual globe clients has not completely alleviated the need for custom solutions. We conclude by pointing out several of the limitations of the general-purpose virtual globe clients currently available.
Functional brain imaging in neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood.

This review article presents a summary of the current state-of-the-art of functional brain imaging, with a primary focus on childhood neuropsychiatric disorders. Coverage is emphasized for developm...
National Bolshevism: Stalinist Mass Culture and the Formation of Modern Russian National Identity, 1931-1956

List of Figures and Table A Note on Conventions Terms and Acronyms Introduction: Mobilization, Populism, and the Formation of Modern Russian National Identity 1. Tsarist and Early Soviet Society's Weak Sense of National Identity Part One: 1931-1941 2. Mobilizing Stalinist Society in the Early to Mid-1930s 3. The Emergence of Russocentric Etatism 4. Ideology in the Prewar Classroom 5. Popularizing State Ideology through Mass Culture 6. The Popular Reception of National Bolshevism on the Eve of War Part Two: 1941-1945 7. Wartime Stalinist Ideology and Its Discontents 8. Ideological Education on the Home Front 9. Wartime Mass Culture and Propaganda 10. Popular Engagement with the Official Line during the War Part Three: 1945-1953 11. Soviet Ideology during the Zhdanovshchina and High Stalinism 12. Public and Party Education during the Early Postwar Period 13. Postwar Soviet Mass Culture 14. The Popular Reception of Ideology during Stalin's Last Decade Conclusion: National Bolshevism and a Modern Russian National Identity Appendix: Civic History Textbook Development, 1934-1955 Notes Index
Controlled Crystalline Structure and Surface Stability of Cobalt Nanocrystals

The synthesis of monodispersed 10 nm cobalt nanocrystals with controlled crystal morphology and investigation of the surface stability of these nanocrystals are described. Depending on the surfactants used, single crystalline or multiple grain nanocrystals can be reproducibly produced. The relative surface stability of these nanocrystals is analyzed using the temperature dependences of the dc magnetic susceptibility. The novel method, which allows sensitive monitoring of the surface stability, is based on the observation that, with particle oxidation, an anomalous peak appears at 8 K in zero-field-cooled magnetization measurements. It is found that the surfactant protective layer is more important for long-term stability at room temperature, while the high-temperature oxidation rate is controlled by the crystal morphology of the nanoparticles.
Thresholds for detection and feeding behavior in the dungeness crab, Cancer magister (Dana)

Abstract After observation and description of feeding behavior, the chemosensory ability of the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister (Dana) was measured with sea-water solutions of a freeze-dried extract of the littleneck clam, Protothaca staminea (Conrad). An abrupt change in antennular orientation accompanied by a specified increase in the antennular flicking rate indicated that a crab detected the food extract. The threshold concentration at which 50% of the crabs detected the clam extract was 10 −10 g/l At 10 −2 g/l crabs probed the substratum with the chelae and/or showed other feeding behavior. The chemosensory abilities of the Dungeness crab were compared with those of other crustaceans.
Four-body atomic potential for modeling protein-ligand binding affinity: application to enzyme-inhibitor binding energy prediction

Models that are capable of reliably predicting binding affinities for protein-ligand complexes play an important role the field of structure-guided drug design. Here, we begin by applying the computational geometry technique of Delaunay tessellation to each set of atomic coordinates for over 1400 diverse macromolecular structures, for the purpose of deriving a four-body statistical potential that serves as a topological scoring function. Next, we identify a second, independent set of three hundred protein-ligand complexes, having both high-resolution structures and known dissociation constants. Two-thirds of these complexes are randomly selected to train a predictive model of binding affinity as follows: two tessellations are generated in each case, one for the entire complex and another strictly for the isolated protein without its bound ligand, and a topological score is computed for each tessellation with the four-body potential. Predicted protein-ligand binding affinity is then based on an empirically derived linear function of the difference between both topological scores, one that appropriately scales the value of this difference. A comparison between experimental and calculated binding affinity values over the two hundred complexes reveals a Pearson's correlation coefficient of r = 0.79 with a standard error of SE = 1.98 kcal/mol. To validate the method, we similarly generated two tessellations for each of the remaining protein-ligand complexes, computed their topological scores and the difference between the two scores for each complex, and applied the previously derived linear transformation of this topological score difference to predict binding affinities. For these one hundred complexes, we again observe a correlation of r = 0.79 (SE = 1.93 kcal/mol) between known and calculated binding affinities. Applying our model to an independent test set of high-resolution structures for three hundred diverse enzyme-inhibitor complexes, each with an experimentally known inhibition constant, also yields a correlation of r = 0.79 (SE = 2.39 kcal/mol) between experimental and calculated binding energies. Lastly, we generate predictions with our model on a diverse test set of one hundred protein-ligand complexes previously used to benchmark 15 related methods, and our correlation of r = 0.66 between the calculated and experimental binding energies for this dataset exceeds those of the other approaches. Compared with these related prediction methods, our approach stands out based on salient features that include the reliability of our model, combined with the rapidity of the generated predictions, which are less than one second for an average sized complex.
Synapse elimination: for nerves it's all or nothing.

At birth, several motoneurons supply neural signals to each muscle fiber, but 2 weeks later all but the input of a single neuron is gone. This process of synapse elimination has now been carefully described in electrophysiological terms in this week9s issue in a report by Colman et al. (p. 356). In his Perspective, Frank explains how the new data fit with what we already know about the changes occurring during synapse elimination and predicts that molecular understanding of this key process will come soon.
Experiments With Retrodirective Arrays

A summary of experiments is presented which show how retrodirective arrays have been used to approximate phase conjugation.
Nucleotide Excision Repair in Eukaryotes

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the main pathway used by mammals to remove bulky DNA lesions such as those formed by UV light, environmental mutagens, and some cancer chemotherapeutic adducts from DNA. Deficiencies in NER are associated with the extremely skin cancer-prone inherited disorder xeroderma pigmentosum. Although the core NER reaction and the factors that execute it have been known for some years, recent studies have led to a much more detailed understanding of the NER mechanism, how NER operates in the context of chromatin, and how it is connected to other cellular processes such as DNA damage signaling and transcription. This review emphasizes biochemical, structural, cell biological, and genetic studies since 2005 that have shed light on many aspects of the NER pathway.