cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Whole body proton irradiation causes acute damage to bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells in mice.

AbstractPurpose: Exposure to proton irradiation during missions in deep space can lead to bone marrow injury. The acute effects of proton irradiation on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells remain undefined and thus were investigated.Materials and methods: We exposed male C57BL/6 mice to 0.5 and 1.0 Gy proton total body irradiation (proton-TBI, 150 MeV) and examined changes in peripheral blood cells and bone marrow (BM) progenitors and LSK cells 2 weeks after exposure.Results: 1.0 Gy proton-TBI significantly reduced the numbers of peripheral blood cells compared to 0.5 Gy proton-TBI and unirradiated animals, while the numbers of peripheral blood cell counts were comparable between 0.5 Gy proton-TBI and unirradiated mice. The frequencies and numbers of LSK cells and CMPs in BM of 0.5 and 1.0 Gy irradiated mice were decreased in comparison to those of normal controls. LSK cells and CMPs and their progeny exhibited a radiation-induced impairment in clonogenic function. Exposure to 1.0 Gy increased cellula...
Analysis of in- and out-of plane vibrations in a rectangular frame based on two- and three-dimensional structural models

Abstract In this paper, modes of vibrations and frequency responses of a rectangular frame are analyzed from a wave vibration standpoint based on two- and three-dimensional structural models, respectively. All possible vibration motions, namely the in- and out-of-plane bending, axial, and torsional vibration, are considered, with bending vibrations analyzed based on the Euler-Bernoulli bending theory and the Timoshenko bending theory, respectively. Comparisons are made among the analyses based on two- and three-dimensional structural models. The theoretical analysis results are validated through experiments. What is novel in this study is the application of a three-dimensional free body diagram in analyzing vibrations in a planar structure. Such an idea allows all possible vibration modes in a planar structure being analyzed through a one-step process accurately and efficiently.
The burden of suicidal ideation among persons with type II diabetes: A scoping review

Abstract Objective Diabetes is a major global health concern. People with diabetes have worse mental health outcomes than those without diabetes. Researchers have recently sought to examine the relationship between diabetes and suicidal ideation. The aim of this study is to determine the burden of suicidal ideation among adults with type II diabetes from existing literature. Methods We conducted a scoping review of published literature in PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar published before March 2017. To identify relevant literature, search terms included suicidal ideation and type II diabetes . The search was limited to English language peer-reviewed journal articles. The main outcome of interest was suicidal ideation captured on a validated scale in a population with type II diabetes. Results This review resulted in 10 relevant studies, which reported the prevalence of suicidal ideation ranging from 2.5–51.4% with a median prevalence of 18.6% among adults with diabetes. Across the five studies reporting the associated risks, all but one study found a significant risk for persons with diabetes to endorse suicidal ideation and only three studies adjusted for depression. Conclusions This review demonstrates the need for future studies to investigate potential mechanistic pathways of suicidality among persons with diabetes.
Additively Manufactured Inkjet-/3D-/4D-Printed Wireless Sensors Modules

This publication considers the use of a variety of additive manufacturing techniques in the development of wireless modules and sensors. The opportunities and advantages of these manufacturing techniques are explored from an application point of view. We discuss first the origami (4D-printed) structures which take advantage of the ability to alter the shape of the inkjet-printed conductive traces on the paper substrate to produce a reconfigurable behavior. Next, focus is shifted towards the use of additive manufacturing technology to develop skin-like flexible electrical system for wireless sensing applications. We then discuss the development of a fully flexible energy autonomous body area network for autonomous sensing applications, the system is fabricated using 3D and inkjet printing techniques. Finally, an integration of inkjet and 3D printing for the realization of efficient mm-wave 3D interconnects up to 60GHz is discussed.
Using Bankruptcy Law to Implement or Combat Hostile Takeovers of Targets in Chapter 11

While most business lawyers are familiar with the strategies for implementing or combating hostile takeovers of targets outside of Chapter 11, few are familiar with the additional concerns that arise when the target is in Chapter 11. Meanwhile, investors have become less fearful of the bankruptcy process and more willing to attempt hostile takeovers of targets in Chapter 11. This Article provides a detailed review of the bankruptcy law weapons available to a hostile bidder and a debtor's management in their battle for control of the debtor. In particular, Part I provides an overview of the applicable legal principles; Part II discusses the use of claims trading to gain leverage and standing to file a competing plan; Part III discusses the role of nonbankruptcy corporate governance principles in the context of competing plan proposals; Part IV discusses the debtor's use of its exclusive right to file a plan to combat a hostile takeover in bankruptcy; and Part V discusses issues arising when competing plans are proposed, including the requirements that plans be proposed in, and that votes be cast in, good faith.
Hale, Kenneth L. (1934–2001)

Kenneth L. Hale, combining cutting-edge theory with elegant field work, continued to research Native American languages throughout his life. In addition he is best known for his ground-breaking work on the historical reconstruction of Australian aboriginal languages. His mark on this field is foundational. At every research site, Hale inspired and left behind specialists, where possible, native-speaking linguists to carry on the work. Numerous Festschriften have been compiled in his honor.
Wilderness campers' perception and evaluation of campsite impacts

On-site, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 51 groups of campers in Mt. Jefferson Wilderness to understand their perception and evaluation of impacts to vegetation, soil, and trees. At ...
Turbine Bypass, Mass Inventory, and Mixed-Mode Generator Power Control of S-CO2 Recompression Cycle

AbstractThe supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) recompression cycle is a power conversion cycle compatible with intermediate-temperature nuclear reactors. The main advantage of the S-CO2 cycle is relatively high efficiency (∼47% at the turbine inlet temperature of 650°C). The dynamic characteristics and control of this cycle remain areas of active research because of the cycle’s unique features, in particular, large fluid property changes near the critical point. This paper reports the conceptual development of a dynamic S-CO2 recompression cycle controller designed to efficiently respond to a demand for reduction of generator electric power. The S-CO2 cycle generator electric power production can be controlled using either turbine bypass (TB) or mass inventory (MI) controllers. Turbine bypass is a fast response controller, which reduces generator power by opening the TB valve. Mass inventory is a slow response controller, with a time constant an order of magnitude larger than that of the TB controller. ...
Differential effects of selective and non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors on fecal microbiota in adult horses

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are routinely used in both veterinary and human medicine. Gastrointestinal injury is a frequent adverse event associated with NSAID use and evidence suggests that NSAIDs induce gastrointestinal microbial imbalance (i.e., dysbiosis) in both animals and people. It is unknown, however, whether cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-selective NSAIDs induce dysbiosis, or if this phenomenon occurs in horses administered any class of NSAIDs. Therefore, our objectives were to determine whether the composition and diversity of the fecal microbiota of adult horses were altered by NSAID use, and whether these effects differed between non-selective and COX-2-selective NSAIDs. Twenty-five adult horses were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: control (n = 5); phenylbutazone (n = 10); or, firocoxib (n = 10). Treatments were administered for 10 days. Fecal samples were collected every 5 days for 25 days. DNA was extracted from feces and the 16S rRNA gene amplified and sequenced to determine the composition of the microbiota and the inferred metagenome. While the fecal microbiota profile of the control group remained stable over time, the phenylbutazone and firocoxib groups had decreased diversity, and alteration of their microbiota profiles was most pronounced at day 10. Similarly, there were clear alterations of the inferred metagenome at day 10 compared to all other days, indicating that use of both non-selective and selective COX inhibitors resulted in temporary alterations of the fecal microbiota and inferred metagenome. Dysbiosis associated with NSAID administration is clinically relevant because dysbiosis has been associated with several important diseases of horses including abdominal pain (colic), colitis, enteric infections, and laminitis.
Vision Loss with Symmetric Putaminal Lesions in Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (P5.194)

Objective: To report a rare neuroimaging finding in LHON. Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often normal in Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). When abnormal, white matter T2 hyperintensities are the most common findings. Gray matter abnormalities, which are rare, have been described in LHON patients presenting with movement disorders in addition to vision loss. We report the case of a woman who developed bilateral vision loss associated with asymptomatic symmetric putaminal hyperintensities on MRI and was diagnosed with the MT-ND6 (T14484C) mutation. Design/Methods: Case report. Results: A 30-year-old-woman who presented with painless right eye vision loss was noted on exam to have decreased visual acuity, central scotoma, and afferent pupillary defect in that eye, with normal optic nerve appearance. The initial concern for optic neuritis was not confirmed by contrast-enhanced MRI brain/orbits, which was only remarkable for symmetric posterior putaminal hyperintensities. There was no response to intravenous steroid treatment. One month later, she developed left eye vision loss. Extensive inpatient workup at the time included unchanged MRI brain/orbits, unremarkable MRI spine, and unrevealing serum and CSF analyses. It was three months later, after further visual decline, when MRI first showed visual pathway involvement, including enlargement and enhancement of the prechiasmatic optic nerves and chiasm, in addition to decreased putaminal hyperintensities. Genetic testing revealed the T14484C LHON mutation. Conclusions: Symmetric putaminal hyperintensities, which have a broad differential diagnosis including toxic insults, systemic metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, may be the only MRI abnormality seen in an LHON patient with bilateral sequential painless vision loss, even in the absence of a movement disorder. Disclosure: Dr. Mercuri has nothing to disclose. Dr. White has nothing to disclose. Dr. Oliveira has nothing to disclose.
Peruanidad and blackness in national and local perspectives: popular literature and racial science

ABSTRACTThis article examines the constructions of ethno-racial identities in the debates and projects of Peruvian nation building during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The conf...
Differential impacts of copper oxide nanoparticles and Copper(II) ions on the uptake and accumulation of arsenic in rice (Oryza sativa).

Abstract Arsenic (As) in rice grains is a serious food safety concern. Some coexisting engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) were shown to alter the accumulation and speciation of As in rice grains. However, investigation on the effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), a popular ingredient in pesticides, on the uptake and accumulation of As is rare. We explored the potentially different impact of CuO NPs and corresponding Cu(II) ions on the accumulation of two As species in rice seedlings in a hydroponic system. Rice seedlings were treated with a combinations of 1 mg/L of arsenite (As(III)) or arsenate (As(V)) and 100 mg/L of CuO NPs or Cu(II) for 6 days. Both forms of Cu significantly reduced the accumulation of total As in rice tissues, with Cu(II) exhibiting significantly greater effect than CuO NPs. As speciation in rice roots was markedly affected by both forms of Cu, and the impacts were Cu-form dependent. For example, the co-existence of As(V) with CuO NPs led to a 45% decrease of As(V) in rice roots, while the co-existence of As(V) with Cu(II) caused a 47% increase in As(V) in rice roots. As speciation in rice shoots was less affected by co-present Cu than in rice roots. Co-occurring As(III) or As(V) lowered Cu concentration in rice roots by 40% and 50% in treatments with CuO NPs, but did not affect Cu content in rice roots co-exposed to Cu(II). The study confirmed the reciprocal effect of co-occurring CuO NPs or Cu(II) and As in rice paddies and highlighted the unique “nano-effect” of CuO NPs. The results alsos showed that the initial oxidation state of As plays an important role in the interactions between As and Cu. The results shed light on the current debate on the safe applications of nano-enabled agrichemicals vs. conventional metal salts in agriculture.
Disney’s Final Package Film: The Making and Marketing of The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949):

As the last of Disney’s package films in the troubled decade of the 1940s, The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949) has acquired the reputation of an awkward ‘marriage of convenience’ of two s...
c − a from the \( \mathcal{N}=1 \) superconformal index

We present a prescription for obtaining the difference of the central charges, c−a, of a four dimensional superconformal quantum field theory from its single-trace index. The formula is derived from a one-loop holographic computation, but is expected to be valid independent of holography. We demonstrate the prescription with several holographic and non-holographic examples. As an application of our formula, we show the AdS/CFT matching of c − a for arbitrary toric quiver CFTs without adjoint matter that are dual to smooth Sasaki-Einstein 5-manifolds.
Negative emotions and emotion avoidance in victim derogation

Abstract Many researchers have noted that emotions have not received due attention in just world theory research, despite evidence suggesting that negative emotions and emotion avoidance play an important role in victim derogation. To address this gap in the literature, we examined the role of negative emotions and emotion avoidance in victim derogation in a sample of 98 undergraduate students who watched five videos depicting real-world innocent victims. Participants’ negative emotions, emotion avoidance, and belief in a just world were measured, and they evaluated the character and social desirability of the victims (i.e., victim derogation). Women reported higher levels of negative emotions and derogated victims less than men. More importantly, controlling for gender, higher levels of negative emotions were associated with less victim derogation, but only among participants with lower levels of emotion avoidance. Results suggest that emotional empathy, defined as experiencing the same emotion as another person and vicariously experiencing their distress, may play an important role in victim derogation above and beyond the belief in a just world. Thus, it would be critical to examine emotional processes and use emotionally arousing stimuli in studies on victim derogation and just world theory.
An Insight into Surface Topographical Parameters and Bacterial Adhesion: A Case Study of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A Attachment on 304 Stainless Steel.

ABSTRACT Bacterial attachment on surfaces is an important biological and industrial concern. Many parameters affect cell attachment behavior, including surface roughness and other topographical features. An understanding of these relationships is critical in the light of recent outbreaks caused by foodborne bacteria. Postharvest packing lines have been identified as a potential source of cross-contamination with pathogens, which can cause subsequent foodborne illness. The objective of this article is to evaluate the influence of surface topographical features on bacterial attachment at various processing temperatures to determine the extent of bacterial colonization. Type 304 stainless steel surfaces and pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes Scott A were used for a detailed investigation. Two commonly used surface types, extruded and ground, were evaluated to determine differences in bacterial attachment on the same type of material. Fifteen surface topography parameters at three processing temperatures were studied to evaluate possible correlations with microbial attachment on these surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and confocal microscopy were used for both qualitative and quantitative analyses of surfaces. An analysis of variance and multivariate regression analysis were used to predict the attachment behavior of L. monocytogenes Scott A on stainless steel surfaces. Surface isotropy, average surface roughness, surface spacing, and processing temperatures were strongly correlated with bacterial attachment on 304 stainless steel material. HIGHLIGHTS
Radiographic Outcomes and Complications of Delayed Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures.

Background: Surgeons are sometimes presented with patients with distal radius fractures who present in a delayed fashion or lose reduction after several weeks of attempted closed management. There are limited studies on delayed surgical treatment of distal radius fractures to assist providers in decision-making. Methods: We conducted a matched cohort study to compare radiographic outcomes and complications for patients with a distal radius fracture treated with delayed (3-5 weeks) or early (0-2 weeks) surgical fixation. Patients ages 18+ who underwent open reduction and internal fixation of distal radius fractures by a volar approach at 2 Level I trauma centers between 2003 and 2015 were eligible. We measured radiographic outcomes and reviewed medical records to determine operative approach and complications. Results: There were 25 cases and 50 controls matched for age (18-87), sex, and AO fracture type. The delayed group had surgery at a mean of 24.8 days from injury and the early group at 5.6 days. There was no statistically significant difference between the delayed and early cohorts in radiographic parameters on injury x-rays, in improvement in radiographic parameters on first postoperative x-rays, or in maintenance of radiographic parameters at union. Conclusion: We did not find significant differences in radiographic outcomes or complication rates between patients with delayed versus early surgical treatment for distal radius fracture. Providers treating patients with late presentation or late displacement have the option of surgical fixation beyond the first few weeks after injury.Level of Evidence: III (Retrospective matched cohort study).
Baseline neuropsychological characteristics in patients with epilepsy with left temporal lobe encephaloceles compared with left mesial temporal sclerosis.

Abstract Background Temporal lobe encephaloceles (TE) are increasingly recognized as a cause of drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. Improved recognition of these lesions offers an opportunity to treat them with a limited resection sparing the hippocampus. However, as they can be difficult to identify on imaging, additional clues pointing to the diagnosis can be helpful. We sought to understand the baseline cognitive/neuropsychological profile in patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy caused by encephaloceles compared with that caused by mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), a common entity in the differential diagnosis. Methods Neuropsychological testing, including language (semantic and phonemic fluency and naming), verbal memory, intelligence quotient (IQ), and executive function measures were compared across two groups (five patients with left TE and five age- and gender-matched patients with left MTS). Other clinical variables related to cognition, including patient age, electroencephalographic characteristics, epilepsy duration, and factors related to antiseizure medication dosing, were also compared between groups. Results More patients with left MTS had atypical language lateralization (3/5 with right-sided language in the group with MTS compared with 0/5 in the group with TE). Patients with MTS had significantly worse scores on the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) subscore of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS; p = 0.026). General IQ was also worse in patients with MTS (p = 0.028). There was a trend towards worse executive function in patients with MTS as measured on Trails B (p = 0.096). Other measures related to language and verbal memory did not differ significantly between the groups nor did other relevant clinical variables, except epilepsy duration, which was significantly longer in patients with MTS (p = 0.0001). Conclusions This pilot study demonstrates few significant differences between the groups with left MTS and TE surveyed. A higher rate of atypical language lateralization was noted in patients with left MTS. The higher baseline global IQ and VCI scores in patients with left TE compared with patients with MTS may be attributable to longer duration of epilepsy in patients with left MTS. Future work with a larger sample size will focus on establishing a unique neuropsychological profile related to epilepsy due to TE.
Experimental Investigation of Propeller Induced Flow on Flying Wing Micro Aerial Vehicle for Improved 6DOF Modeling

In this research effect of propeller induced flow on aerodynamic characteristics of low aspect ratio flying wing micro aerial vehicle has been investigated experimentally in subsonic wind tunnel. Left turning tendencies of right-handed propellers have been discussed in literature, but not much work has been done to quantify them. In this research, we have quantified these tendencies as a change in aerodynamic coefficient with a change in advance ratio at a longitudinal trim angle of attack using subsonic wind tunnel. For experimental testing, three fixed pitch propeller diameters (5 inch, 6 inch and 7 inch), three propeller rotational speeds (7800, 10800 and 12300 RPMs) and three wind tunnel speeds (10, 15 and 20 m/s) have been considered to form up 27 advance ratios. Additionally, wind tunnel tests of 9 wind mill cases were conducted and considered as baseline. Experimental uncertainty assessment for measurement of forces and moments was carried out before conduct of wind tunnel tests. Large variation in lift, drag, yawing moment and rolling moment was captured at low advance ratios, which indicated their significance at high propeller rotational speeds and large propeller diameters. Side force and pitching moment did not reflect any significant change. $\frac {L}{D}$ at trim point was found a nonlinear function of propeller diameter to wingspan ratio $\frac {D}{b}$ , and propeller rotational speed. Rate and control derivatives were obtained using unsteady vortex lattice method with propeller induced flow effect modeled by Helical Vortex Modeling approach. In this research, we have proposed improved 6-DOF equations of motion, with a contribution of advance ratio $J$ . It is concluded, that propeller induced flow effects have a significant contribution in flight dynamic modeling for vehicles with large propeller diameter to wingspan ratio, $\frac {D}{b}$ of 22% or more.
Effects of fabrication materials and methods on flexible resonant sensor signal quality

Abstract Inductor–capacitor (LC) resonant sensors can provide low-cost, contactless measurement in closed environments. In this work, three fabrication methods to produce flexible LC sensors are compared: screen-printed pastes, etched copper-coated polyimide, and wound metal wires. The LC sensors were interrogated by near-field coupled antennas driven by a vector network analyzer. The sensor response was analyzed by extracting the resonant frequency (MHz) and the peak-to-peak amplitude (dB) of the S 21 scattering parameter. For screen-printed resonators, varying parameters such as print feature size (250 to 500 μ m ), conductive paste silver content (DuPont PE825 and 5028 for low and high silver content, respectively), curing condition (convection oven temperature and curing time), and paste viscosity (7.20–20.05​ Pa ⋅ s) were explored. An empirical model was fit to this data to allow for prediction of required sensor line thickness needed to meet an application’s required step-off distance. The screen-printed resonant sensors were then compared to copper-etched and wound metal wires to evaluate the cost and performance tradeoff of the three fabrication approaches. Finally, a use case of the flexible, screen-printed resonant sensors was demonstrated by contact-free measurement of fluid level of in a closed, curved container.
Decreased mitochondrial electron transport proteins and increased complement mediators in plasma neural-derived exosomes of early psychosis

Potentially neurotoxic systems involved in traumatic and degenerative diseases of the brain were assessed in acute psychosis. Astrocyte-derived exosomes (ADEs) and neuron-derived exosomes (NDEs) were immunoprecipitated from plasma of ten untreated first-episode psychotics (FPs) and ten matched normal controls (Cs). Neural mitochondrial electron transport and complement proteins were extracted, quantified by ELISAs and normalized with levels of CD81 exosome marker. Levels of subunits 1 and 6 of NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) and subunit 10 of cytochrome b-c1 oxidase (complex III), but not of subunit 1 of cytochrome C oxidase (complex IV) or superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) were significantly lower in ADEs and NDEs of FPs than Cs. This dysregulated pattern of electron transport proteins is associated with increased generation of reactive oxygen species. ADE glial fibrillary acidic protein levels were significantly higher in FPs than Cs, indicating a higher percentage of inflammatory astrocytes in FPs. ADE levels of C3b opsonin were significantly higher and those of C5b-9 attack complex was marginally higher in FPs than Cs. A significantly lower ADE level of the C3 convertase inhibitor CD55 may explain the higher levels of C3 convertase-generated C3b. ADE levels of the neuroprotective protein leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) were significantly lower in FPs than Cs, whereas levels of IL-6 were no different. Plasma neural exosome levels of electron transport and complement proteins may be useful in predicting FP and guiding therapy. SOD mimetics, C3 convertase inhibitors and LIF receptor agonists also may have therapeutic benefits in FP.
Age-Related Changes in the Canine Aorta:

Degenerative changes in the aorta are commonly observed in both dogs and humans, and those changes that occur with age morphologically overlap with those observed in genetic or degenerative diseases. Therefore, recognition of age-related aortic changes is important for diagnosticians, as such histologic findings should be distinguished from lesions of specific diseases. The aortas from 37 dogs without clinical cardiovascular disease ranging in age from 2 months to 15 years were divided into 3 cohorts to assess age-relatedness, and evaluated histologically using standardized nomenclature and diagnostic criteria adapted and modified from the human literature. We found that the histopathologic severity scores for intimal thickening, translamellar medial fibrosis, loss of smooth muscle cell nuclei, and medial microcalcification were higher in older dogs, whereas the scores for both intralamellar and translamellar mucoid extracellular matrix accumulation ("cystic medial necrosis") were not different among age groups. Dogs with translamellar medial fibrosis and aortic medial microcalcification were significantly older compared with dogs without these findings, while the presence of aortic medial chondro-osseous metaplasia was not related to age. Taken together, we demonstrate a range of age-related aortic histologic changes in dogs without clinical cardiovascular disease and suggest that integration of signalment and clinical data can aid in the differentiation of such findings from non-age-related disease processes.
Affiliated Analysts and Loan Contracting

We examine whether coverage by analysts affiliated with lenders affects loan contracting. We find that loans to borrowers covered by affiliated analysts have lower spreads but more covenants based on financial information. Further analyses suggest the results are driven mostly by ex post monitoring, instead of ex ante screening. Exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in affiliated analysts generated by changes in brokerage house affiliation, we find that the result is likely to be causal. The results suggest that analysts could transfer private information about the borrowers to the lending arms of their affiliated financial conglomerates.
Déjà Vu: Coronaviruses and Transmission in Health Care Settings

Klompas and colleagues report an investigation of a SARS-CoV-2 cluster in an acute care hospital with transmission between patients and staff. The editorialists remind us of the need to reinforce and reeducate to improve practice of and adherence to important strategies that protect the entire health care ecosystem.
On (Un)Grammatical Clitic Sequences in Impersonal se Constructions

In this chapter, we discuss sequences of (un)grammatical direct object clitics with impersonal se (Impse). We focus mainly on the patterns in Honduran Spanish, although we discuss several points of variation among Romance languages. It is shown that when Impse forms a clitic cluster with lo(s)/la(s), ungrammaticality results, and as a repair le(s) surfaces instead. It is argued that lo(s)/la(s) is specified for [D(efiniteness)] and Impse spells out a valued [D] feature on T. A Distributed Morphology account of the change from lo(s)/la(s) to le(s) is provided. It is argued that, as a clitic cluster on T, the two [D] features are filtered out by impoverishment; [D] on lo(s)/la(s) is deleted prior to Vocabulary Insertion, resulting in the only third person clitic underspecified for [D] that can be inserted: le(s). We illustrate how this change to le(s) has no semantic or structural consequences, as expected if the operations take place after syntax.
Neuro-Pathophysio-Biochemical Profiles of Neonatal Asphyxia

Neurological and neuroelectrophysio-biochemical profiles were evaluated in newborn lambs exposed to severe temporary asphyxia. Isoelectric EEG, marked disturbances of phosphorus magnetic resonance spectrum (31P-MRS), and significant brain intracellular acidosis (pHi) were noted during asphyxia. Following resuscitation, the presence of early postasphyxic blood-brain-barrier (BBB) opening was associated with a marked transient increase in intracranial pressure (ICP), a 50% neonatal mortality and a 67% incidence of severe asphyxic encephalopathy. In contrast, those lambs exposed to the same magnitude of asphyxia, but without early BBB opening experienced neither death nor severe neurological deficits. Further, these lambs showed a rapid progressive normalization of the 31PMRS and pHi, despite, the lack of EEG recovery in the first hour following resuscitation. Thus, the present study depicts that the early postasphyxic BBB disruption following temporary neonatal asphyxia is associated with poor prognosis.
Hard Sphere Bosons in a Channel

We have been engaged for some time in a program of computational investigations of the properties of boson systems in their ground states. It seemed timely to consider the simplest model of a film-like system and we present here some results of our work on these models.
Three-year post-transplant medicare payments in kidney transplant recipients: Associations with pre-transplant comorbidities

Little is known about the influence of pre-transplant comorbidities on post-transplant expenditures. We estimated the associations between pre-transplant comorbidities and post-transplant Medicare costs, using several comorbidity classification systems. We included recipients of first-kidney deceased donor transplants from 1995 through 2002 for whom Medicare was the primary payer for at least one year pre-transplant (N = 25,175). We examined pre-transplant comorbidities as classified by International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-CM) codes from Medicare claims with the Clinical Cla­ssifications Software (CCS) and Charlson and Elixhauser algorithms. Post-transplant costs were calcu­lated from payments on Medicare claims. We developed models considering Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) variables plus: 1) CCS categories, 2) Charlson, 3) Elixhauser, 4) num­ber of Charlson and 5) number of Elixhauser comorbidities, independently. We applied a novel regression methodology to account for censoring. Costs were estimated at individual and population levels. The comorbidities with the largest impact on mean Medicare payments included cardiovascular disease, ma­lignancies, cerebrovascular disease, mental conditions and functional limitations. Skin ulcers and infec­tions, rheumatic and other connective tissue disease and liver disease also contributed to payments and have not been considered or described previously. A positive graded relationship was found between costs and the number of pre-transplant comorbidities. In conclusion, we showed that expansion beyond the usually considered pre-transplant comorbidities with inclusion of CCS and Charlson or Elixhauser comorbidities increased the knowledge about comorbidities related to augmented Medicare payments. Our expanded methodology can be used by others to assess more accurately the financial implications of renal transplantation to Medicare and individual transplant centers.
Decision Tree Learning Using a Bayesian Approach at Each Node

We explore the problem of learning decision trees using a Bayesian approach, called TREBBLE (TREe Building by Bayesian LE- arning), in which a population of decision trees is generated by constructing trees using probability distributions at each node. Predictions are made either by using Bayesian Model Averaging to combine information from all the trees (TREBBLE-BMA) or by using the single most likely tree (TREBBLE-MAP), depending on what is appropriate for the particular application domain. We show on benchmark data sets that this method is more accurate than the traditional decision tree learning algorithm C4.5 and is as accurate as the Bayesian method SimTree while being much simpler to understand and implement. In many application domains, such as help-desks and medical diagnoses, a decision tree needs to be learned from a prior tree (provided by an expert) and some (usually small) amount of training data. We show how TREBBLE-MAP can be used to learn a single tree that performs better than using either the prior tree or the training data alone.
Report from the International Linear Collider Technical Review Committee

The International Linear Collider Technical Review Committee (ILC-TRC), formed in 1994, was reconvened in February 2001 by the International Committee for Future Accelerators (ICFA) to assess the current technical status of all electron-positron linear collider designs at hand in the world: TESLA, JLC-C, JLC-X/NLC and CLIC. The ILC-TRC worked for exactly two years and submitted its report to ICFA in February 2003. This paper presents the motivation behind the study, the charge to the committee and its organization, a table of machine parameters for 500 GeV c.m. energy and later upgrades to higher energies, the methodology used to assess the designs, and a ranked list of R&D tasks still deemed necessary between now and the time any one of the projects is selected by the HEP community and begins construction. Possible future developments are briefly discussed.
Somnogenic activity of pseudomurein in rabbits.

Pseudomurein is a major cell wall component of some archaebacteria that chemically differs from but morphologically, functionally, and structurally resembles eubacterial peptidoglycan. Eubacterial cell wall components, e.g., peptidoglycan, induce changes in sleep and body temperature. We now report that intravenous injections of rabbits with a suspension of pseudomurein from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum also induce similar central nervous system effects.
Theory of the hall effect in finite systems containing traps

Abstract The paper presents a two-carrier one-dimensional transport analysis of the Hall effect, within the framework of a small signal theory, applicable to specimens of arbitrary size. The assumption of space charge neutrality is avoided and the analysis is general, except for the restriction to small magnetic fields and small currents. The boundary conditions at the Hall electrodes are assumed to depend on the effective surface recombination velocities, and the presence of both recombination and trapping centers is taken into account. The results show that the corrective terms involving surface properties, trapping and recombination centers can lead to drastic changes in the value and sign of the Hall voltage, as compared with that calculated by conventional methods. The results are believed to throw new light on the Hall effect measurements performed on amorphous layers.
Product differentiation, oligopolistic interdependence, market share, and profits

Abstract This paper attempts to infer the nature of the empirically observed positive relationship between market share and profits. Assuming constant returns to scale, the analysis reveals that profits should only be positively related to market share in those industries in which there is rivalrous interaction among the firms.
Social Support and Marital Adjustment After Breast Cancer

Interviews were conducted with 78 breast cancer patients and their significant others to assess perceptions of social support following a diagnosis of cancer. Results indicated that supportive close relationships during and after an episode of cancer are associated with positwe patient adjustment. Moreover, the evidence suggests that most cancer patients can expect that support to be Approximately threequarters of the atlents in the reported that their relationships, Including those with family and friends to be warm and helpful after the cancer episode. The remaining one-fourth had at least one troubled relationship, and many more experienced isolated instances of rejection or withdrawal. Strained communication was a common problem in this group, particularly when the patient felt that her fears were discounted by those close to her, especially her spouse. Successful marital adjustment after the cancer episode was more likely when the partners expressed satisfaction w~th the relationship before the episo...
California encephalitis virus: Some biological and biochemical properties

Abstract California encephalitis (CE) virus strain BFS-283 was examined for some of its biological and biochemical characteristics. A plaque assay method is described for the determination of viral infectivity. Experiments are reported indicating that actinomycin D does not prevent early events in virus replication. Virus replication can occur in enucleated cells. Based on the above findings, it was concluded that cellular mRNA transcription was not required for initiation of viral replication. A method for concentration and purification of the virus is described. Four species of RNA with molecular weights of 6.6–6.8 × 106, 4.0–4.3 × 106, 1.8–2.4 × 106 and 0.42–0.47 × 106 were found to be associated with the virions.
Sunrise or perfect storm: technology, education, and the knowledge economy

It is now commonplace to note that society is in the midst of an economic shift that is as dramatic as the shift that occurred in the industrial revolution of the 19th century. At first glance, the emergence of the "knowledge economy" would seem to be good news for higher education. After all, as the pressure to deliver lifelong learners who are ever more sophisticated and facile in knowledge manipulation increases, so too should the value of education increase. Ironically, though, universities today find themselves confronted by a variety of technical, legal, and cultural forces that threaten to relegate us to the backwaters of the knowledge economy. Consider just a two of these forces: * The commoditization of ideas - Within our academic community, we typically see intellectual progress as requiring the free exchange of ideas. Outside our community, the legal/cultural climate is rapidly moving toward a model in which ideas are owned and jealously guarded. How will academic communities operate in a world where students and colleagues seek to protect their ideas from cradle to grave? * Learning by doing - "Rip, mix, and burn" is the hallmark of the current generation of students and it is very much about learning by doing. But rip, mix, and burn stands in fairly stark contrast to much of our undergraduate curriculum where the dominant approach is still the "sage on the stage". Will universities be able to attract the very best minds of future generations if their models of learning remain static. Where there is threat, there is opportunity. In this session, we will discuss those forces and the threats and opportunities they provide.
Persistent colonisation of potable water as a source of Mycobacterium avium infection in AIDS

The source of Mycobacterium avium infection in AIDS has not been identified and it is not known whether most patients with AIDS acquire the organism from recent infection or by reactivation of previous infection. As part of a prospective epidemiological study, we isolated multiple colonies of M avium from patients with AIDS and from potable water to which they had been exposed. All isolates were analysed with pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). As judged by PFGE, 29 (81%) of 36 patients were infected with one or more unique clinical strains of M avium. 7 patients (19%) were infected with three groups of common strains. Group 1 included 3 patients who lived in separate rural areas and had no common exposures apart from treatment at hospital A. The same strain was isolated repeatedly during 41 months from a recirculating hot water system at hospital A; residential water cultures were negative. Group 2 included 2 patients with no common exposures apart from treatment at hospital B; the same strain was isolated repeatedly over a period of 24 months from a recirculating hot water system at hospital B. Patients in groups 1 and 2 had numerous possible exposures to hospital hot water. Group 3 included 2 patients treated at the same methadone treatment facility. In an institution the hot water system may be persistently colonised with a particular strain of M avium. HIV-infected patients exposed to these water sources can develop disseminated M avium infection.
Adverse drug interactions involving common prescription and over-the-counter analgesic agents.

Background: Eight analgesic preparations with approved indications for acute pain were among the top 200 drugs prescribed in the United States in 2006. In addition, an estimated 36 million Americans use overthe-counter (OTC) analgesics daily. Given this volume of use, it is not surprising that a number of drug interactions involving analgesic drugs have been reported. Objectives: This article examines the pharmacologic factors that enhance the clinical relevance of potential drug interactions and reviews the literature on drug interactions involving the most commonly used analgesic preparations in the United States. Methods: A PubMed search was conducted for English-language articles published between January 1967 and July 2007. Among the search terms were drug interactions, acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, celecoxib, NSAIDs, hydrocodone, oxycodone, codeine, tramadol, OTC analgesics, alcohol, ethanol, antihypertensive drugs, methotrexate, warfarin, SSRIs, paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, serotonin syndrome, MAOIs, and overdose. Controlled clinical trials, case-control studies, and case reports were included in the review. Results: A number of case reports and wellcontrolled clinical trials were identified that provided evidence of the relatively well known drug-drug interactions between prescription/OTC NSAIDs and alcohol, antihypertensive drugs, high-dose methotrexate, and lithium, as well as between frequently prescribed narcotics and other central nervous system depressants. In contrast, the ability of recent alcohol ingestion to exacerbate the hepatotoxic potential of therapeutic doses of acetaminophen is not supported by either case reports or clinical research. Use of ibuprofen according to OTC guidelines in patients
Cord Blood Transplantation: Can We Make it Better?

Umbilical cord blood is an established source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation. It enjoys several advantages over bone marrow or peripheral blood, including increased tolerance for Human Leukocyte Antigen mismatches, decreased incidence of graft-versus-host disease, and easy availability. Unrelated cord blood does have limitations, however, especially in the treatment of adults. In the 24 years since the first umbilical cord blood transplant was performed, significant progress has been made, but delayed hematopoietic engraftment and increased treatment related mortality remain obstacles to widespread use. Here we summarize the latest results of unrelated cord blood transplants, and review strategies under investigation to improve clinical outcomes.
Preparation and application of ans-triazine-based novelN-halamine biocide for antimicrobial fibers

N-halamines serve as important antimicrobial agents. Development of this class of compounds has been shown to provide benefits especially from a biocidal point of view. A novels-triazine-basedN-heterocycle, dichloro-m-aminophenyl-hydantoinyl-s-triazine (DAPHT), which could be rendered antimicrobial through exposure to diluted chlorine bleach, was synthesized and characterized by1H NMR,13C NMR, and FT-IR. A finishing method was used to apply theN-halamine precursor onto cotton fabric, and the optimum conditions for finishing were investigated. The DAPHT-treated cotton fabric had durable antimicrobial properties up to 50 standard washing cycles and was rechargeable under normal laundry/bleaching conditions. The antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was demonstrated.
Proteolytic Antibody Light Chains Alter β-Amyloid Aggregation and Prevent Cytotoxicity†

β-Amyloid (Aβ), a peptide generated by proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), is a major constituent of the neuritic plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Up-regulation of α-secretase, which can hydrolyze Aβ between Lys16 and Leu17, has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of AD. Previously, we identified two light-chain antibody fragments that had proteolytic activity against Aβ, one with α-secretase-like activity and one with carboxypeptidase-like activity. Here we show that cleavage of Aβ40 by hk14, the light-chain antibody having carboxypeptidase-like activity, alters aggregation of Aβ and neutralizes any cytotoxic effects of the peptide. Cleavage of Aβ40 with c23.5, the light chain having α-secretase-like cleavage, substantially increases the aggregation rate of Aβ; however, it does not show any corresponding increase in cytotoxicity. The increase in aggregation resulting from hydrolysis by c23.5 can be attributed to the decreased solubi...