cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continuing education for the library and information professions: An international perspective, 1985

Les tendances de la formation permanente des professionnels des bibliotheques ou des services d'information sont degagees des participations des delegues au congres de l'IFLA et de l'ALA (13-16 aout 1985 a Palos Mills)
Cloning and Characterization of a Human cDNA (INPPL1) Sharing Homology with Inositol Polyphosphate Phosphatases

Abstract We have cloned a novel human cDNA, INPPL1 (GenBank Accession No. L36818), which maps to 11q23. The corresponding mRNA is 4657 nt in length and is widely expressed in both fetal and adult tissues. An open reading frame of 3441 nt encodes a putative polypeptide that shares several domains with inositol triphosphate phosphatases. Several polymorphisms have been mapped to the 3′-untranslated region, yet the putative coding region showed no polymorphisms in nine independent cDNA samples.
The Clinical Diagnosis of Severe Viral Influenza A

I read with interest the article by Hoeven et al. describing discrepancies between the results of influenza testing and the clinical diagnosis of influenza. The authors point out that infection control measures should be based on influenza testing and not clinical findings [1]. From an infection control perspective, initial containment measures of viral influenza should be based on influenza testing particularly in those mildly to moderately ill which are difficult to diagnose clinically. There is also great variability among the various techniques used to diagnose influenza from respiratory secretions [2‐5]. During 2006‐2007 influenza season, we too experienced discrepancies between rapid antigen testing and direct fluoursecent antibody (DFA) testing for influenza. Given the variability in sensitivity/specificity with different influenza diagnostic tests, laboratory testing, rather than clinical assessment, is the basis for influenza containment measures. The difficulty in diagnosing influenza clinically dep
Development of difference between red and white muscles in sensitivity to Ca2+ in the rabbit from embryo to adult.

VARIOUS properties of the Ca2+-activated troponin system are different in red (slow twitch) and white (fast twitch) muscle; these differences are in molecular weight1,2, amino acid sequences of the subunits3, Ca2+ binding to troponin4,2, and biochemical measures of contraction (actomyosin ATPase activity and superprecipitation4,7). Although the preceding differences have been investigated, no report on physiological differences in Ca2+-activated tension have been published. We compared the development of Ca2+-activated tension in an oxidative muscle fibre (soleus) and that in a glycolytic muscle fibre (adductor magnus) of the rabbit from embryo to adult. We used a technique recently developed in our laboratory5 for mechanically disrupting the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle fibres. We then examined the data, in view of the known biochemical differences, for possible clues to the roles that troponins have in the Ca2+ sensitivity of the various types of muscle.
Ir intensity measurements on group VIIIB, C metal-alkyne complexes

Summary The integrated molar absorption coefficients − A int of the C≡C stretching vibration of the coordinated alkynes of Rh, Ir, Ni and Pt complexes of hexafluorobutyne (HFB), tolane and hexyne have been measured. A relative scale of donor and acceptor interactions in the complexes has been calculated from the measured values of − A int and Δ(ν 2 ) = ν 2 (free alkyne) − ν 2 (coordinated alkyne). Competitive as well as synergic relations between donor and acceptor bonding have been found. The order of increasing donor and decreasing acceptor bonding has been found for the alkynes HFB → tolane → hexyne. Within the series of complexes of a given alkyne, the acceptor bond increases for the metals in the order: Pt(II) (4)
Witnessing, wonder, and hope

This article is based on a keynote address I gave in South Africa at the Eighth International Conference of The South African Association of Marital and Family Therapy. The phenomenon of witnessing is explored in a number of contexts, and a distinction is made between witnessing with and without awareness, and from an empowered or a disempowered position. I propose that the African philosophy of ubuntu--the emphasis of which is on the self in community, in contrast to the Western emphasis on the individual--may be a better fit for my view of hope, which, I propose, is not just a feeling but, rather, something people do.
Partial characterization by molecular hybridization of RNAs from immunocompetent cells exposed to antigen.

MOLECULAR hybridizations between DNA from normal mice and RNAs from immunocompetent cells exposed to antigen showed that (a) new species of RNA appeared in cells stimulated by antigen1, and (b) different species of RNA appeared in immunocompetent cells exposed to different antigens2. Similar results were obtained by Church et al.3. In the work reported here, RNAs from immunocompetent cells exposed to sheep red blood cells (RBC) were hybridized with DNA immobilized in a nitrocellulose column. The RNAs which failed to form hybrids and passed through the column were analysed.
Comparison of Single and Double Stranded DNA Binding to Polypyrrole

Abstract : The polycation conducting polymer, oxidized polypyrrole, possesses the ability to form complexes with DNA. Our previously proposed diffusion limited binding model for double helical DNA was also found to be applicable to single stranded DNA in this study. However, single stranded DNA was found to bind PPy at a higher level than double helical DNA. An investigation of electropolymerized PPy film morphology using SEM and TEM techniques revealed two distinctly differing surface morphologies for the Platinum (Pt) electrode face (smooth) and polymeric growth face (rough). The DNA uptake levels were found to be consistently different on either surface. Double stranded DNA penetration into the surface increased with extended time periods of exposure while a similar phenomenon, but to a lower extent, was observed for single stranded DNA. DNA, Polypyrrole, Conducting polymers.
Noise-Activated Escape from a Sloshing Potential Well

We treat the noise-activated escape from a one-dimensional potential well of an overdamped particle, to which a periodic force of fixed frequency is applied. Near the well top, the relevant length scales and the boundary layer structure are determined. We show how behavior near the well top generalizes the behavior determined by Kramers, in the case without forcing. Our analysis includes the case when the forcing does not die away in the weak-noise limit. We discuss the relevance of scaling regimes, defined by the relative strengths of the forcing and the noise, to recent optical trap experiments.
Preliminary findings of personality differences between nulliparas and repeated aborters along the dimensions of locus of control and impulsivity.

Report of study examining personality differences between 107 women undergoing subsequent abortions and 65 women seeking contraceptive counseling and education. The Rotter I/E and the Bipolar Psychological Inventory Impulsivity Scale were administered to women seeking abortions other than their 1st and to women never before pregnant seeking counseling. Both groups of women appeared to perceive themselves low with respect to impulsivity. Repeated aborters evidence similar moderate external sources as women seeking contraceptive counseling on the Rotter I/E measure. The Rotter I/E scores obtained did not differ from those of other female populations. The results suggest that nulliparas and repeated aborters do not differ along the personality dimensions of locus of control or impulsivity. (authors)
Singular M-matrices and inverse positivity

Abstract For a matrix decomposable as A = sI − B , where B ⩾0, it is well known that A −1 ⩾0 if and only if the spectral radius ρ( B )> s . An extension of this result to the singular case ρ ( B )= s is made by replacing A −1 by [ A + t ( I − AA D )] −1 , where A D is the Drazin generalized inverse.
The Changing Academic Ecology of Sociology: Learning to Live With More Frogs in the Pond

Sociology exists in a dynamic academic environment that influences how students view and evaluate the discipline. This essay explores the changing academic context of sociology through the author's experience as a professor and department chair over a span of four decades. Increased co-curricular programming, changing student goals, and more competitive disciplinary neighbors present sociology departments with new challenges in attracting students. Central to these challenges is the erosion of sociology's once distinctive niche in the academic ecology. Questions and suggestions are explored regarding adaptive strategies that might enable sociology to find a niche wherein it can thrive.
Changes in Dry Matter, Carbohydrate and Seed Yield Resulting from Lodging in Three Temperate Grass Species

The adverse effect of lodging on grass seed yield may be attributed, in part, to assimilate limitation during the seed filling period. This investigation examined plant dry matter assimilate partitioning and seed yield as affected by lodging in three species that are closely related but phenotypically different: tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and perennial ryegrass (L. perenne L.). Studies were performed in field plots at Corvallis, Oregon, USA. Seed yield components (seed number per inflorescence, seed yield per inflorescence, and single seed mass) and leaf, stem (lower, middle, and peduncle) and seed inflorescence dry mass were measured just prior to anthesis to seed maturity. Dry mass and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) were determined for shoot components. The reduction in dry mass and WSC in leaves and stem components following anthesis was often greater in lodged plants compared to upright plants. The relatively low seed yield depression in lodged tall fescue suggested a higher compensation potential for partitioning reserve assimilate from leaves and stems to support seed growth and development. This potential does not appear to be present to the same degree in Italian ryegrass and to an even lesser extent in perennial ryegrass. These findings suggest that the potential to compensate for reduced assimilate supply during the period of high assimilate demand by seeds may be attributed, in part, to the total assimilate reserve accumulated prior to photoassimilate reduction caused by the lodged condition.
Microtubule nucleation and release from the neuronal centrosome

We have proposed that microtubules (MTs) destined for axons and dendrites are nucleated at the centrosome within the cell body of the neuron, and are then released for translocation into these neurites (Baas, P. W., and H. C. Joshi. 1992. J. Cell Biol. 119:171-178). In the present study, we have tested the capacity of the neuronal centrosome to act as a generator of MTs for relocation into other regions of the neuron. In cultured sympathetic neurons undergoing active axonal outgrowth, MTs are present throughout the cell body including the region around the centrosome, but very few (< 10) are directly attached to the centrosome. These results indicate either that the neuronal centrosome is relatively inactive with regard to MT nucleation, or that most of the MTs nucleated at the centrosome are rapidly released. Treatment for 6 h with 10 micrograms/ml nocodazole results in the depolymerization of greater than 97% of the MT polymer in the cell body. Within 5 min after removal of the drug, hundreds of MTs have assembled in the region of the centrosome, and most of these MTs are clearly attached to the centrosome. A portion of the MTs are not attached to the centrosome, but are aligned side-by-side with the attached MTs, suggesting that the unattached MTs were released from the centrosome after nucleation. In addition, unattached MTs are present in the cell body at decreasing levels with increasing distance from the centrosome. By 30 min, the MT array of the cell body is indistinguishable from that of controls. The number of MTs attached to the centrosome is once again diminished to fewer than 10, suggesting that the hundreds of MTs nucleated from the centrosome after 5 min were subsequently released and translocated away from the centrosome. These results indicate that the neuronal centrosome is a highly potent MT-nucleating structure, and provide strong indirect evidence that MTs nucleated from the centrosome are released for translocation into other regions of the neuron.
Surface erosion caused on Mars from Viking descent engine plume

During the Martian landings the descent engine plumes on Viking Lander 1 (VL-1) and Viking Lander 2 (VL-2) eroded the Martian surface materials. This had been anticipated and investigated both analytically and experimentally during the design phase of the Viking spacecraft. This paper presents data on erosion obtained during the tests of the Viking descent engine and the evidence for erosion by the descent engines of VL-1 and VL-2 on Mars. From these and other results, it is concluded that there are four distinct surface materials on Mars: (1) drift material, (2) crusty to cloddy material, (3) blocky material, and (4) rock.
Considering cognition in anxiety-disordered children

Abstract Despite considerable theorizing and clinical application, cognitive features of child anxiety disorders have received little empirical attention. Studies have yet to use diagnosed anxiety-disordered samples, and few studies have used multiple cognitive assessment measures, an important factor for establishing validity. The present paper (a) provides an overview of methodological issues in the assessment of cognition, (b) examines the existing literature on circumscribed fears such as test-anxiety, dental, or medical fears, drawing a distinction between two cognitive categories (valence of cognition and coping strategies), and (c) considers the benefits and limitations of self-statement questionnaires and thought-listing procedures. With regard to the valence of cognition and the role of coping self-talk, we examine different assessment methods and report preliminary data based on diagnosed cases of 9- to 14-year- old anxiety-disordered youth seeking treatment at the Child and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders Clinic (CAADC). Discussion includes the tendency for anxious children to “fake good” and their excessive and nonfunctional use of coping self-talk. Difficulties in the assessment of cognition in anxious children are also discussed.
Macrocyclic lactones via biocatalysis in non-aqueous media

Abstract The enantiospecificity of lipase-catalyzed lactonization of chiral (w-1)-hydroxy acids to form diolides in non-aqueous medium was investigated.
How Science Survived: Medieval Manuscripts' "Demography" and Classic Texts' Extinction

Determining what fraction of texts and manuscripts have survived from Antiquity and the Middle Ages has been highly problematic. Analyzing the transmission of texts as the "paleodemography" of their manuscripts yields definite and surprisingly high estimates. Parchment copies of the foremost medieval textbooks on arithmetical and calendrical calculation closely fit age distributions expected for populations with logistic growth and manuscripts with exponential survivorship. The estimated half-lives of copies agree with Bischoff's paleographically based suggestion that roughly one in seven manuscripts survive in some form from ninth-century Carolingian workshops. On this basis, many if not most of the leading technical titles circulating in Latin probably survived, even from late Antiquity.
WH‐scope marking in Slavic

This paper investigates ‘wh-scope marking’ questions (cf. van Riemsdijk 1982) in two Slavic languages, Polish and Russian, from the syntactic and semantic viewpoints. On the basis of Slavic, we propose a syntactic analysis of wh-scope marking according to which the wh-scope marker (a wh-phrase in the matrix clause of a wh-scope marking question) forms a constituent with the clause containing the ‘true’wh-phrase. The resulting logical form is shown to provide for a straightforward compositional analysis of wh-scope marking, in the framework of Hamblin (1973) augmented by Dayal's (1994ff) proposal that the clause containing the ‘real’wh-phrase is a restriction on the existentially quantifying wh-scope marker. The present analysis supports the simplest view of the syntax-semantics interface, while employing the minimum necessary technology (e.g., no resort to indices, D- and S-structure as significant levels, or X-bar theory, unlike in previous accounts) to ensure the continuum of the two computational components.
Simultaneous Energy Transfer and Optical Absorption in Condensed Matter

A discussion is given of the probability of absorbing a photon while simultaneously transferring electronic excitation energy from an already excited impurity. Estimates are given for several types of systems. A comparison is made with the probability for two-photon absorption (which is much smaller) and cooperative transfer processes. Several possible experiments are suggested.
Mutations in the dopa decarboxylase gene affect learning in Drosophila.

Abstract Fruit flies synthesize several monoamine neurotransmitters. Dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) mutations affect synthesis of two of these, dopamine and serotonin. Both transmitters are implicated in vertebrate and invertebrate learning. Therefore, we bred flies of various Ddc genotypes and tested their learning ability in positively and negatively reinforced learning tasks. Mutations in the Ddc gene diminished learning acquisition approximately in proportion to their effect on enzymatic activity. Courtship and mating sequences of the mutants appeared normal, except for one aspect of male courtship that had previously been shown to be experience dependent. In contrast, the effect on behavior patterns that do not involve learning--phototaxis, geotaxis, olfactory acuity, responsiveness to sucrose--was relatively slight under these conditions. Moderate Ddc mutations affected the acquisition of learned responses while leaving memory retention unaltered. This is in contrast to the mutations dunce , rutabaga , and amnesiac , which primarily affect short-term memory.
Crossed renal ectopy identified during evaluation of abdominal trauma

Renal ectopy is a relatively common congenital anomaly and generally remains undiscovered unless it causes obstruction or is incidentally demonstrated; however, asymptomatic anomalies may pose diagnostic dilemmas or complicate disease management, including the treatment of trauma. Consequently, it is important to recognize renal anomalies, including crossed ectopy, and understand their potential implications for treatment.
Clinical Trials with Immunotherapy for High-Grade Glioma

Immunotherapy is a potential new therapeutic option in patients with high-grade gliomas (HGGs). Phase I/II trials have assessed the efficacy of increasing immune activity using vaccines made from lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells, autologous tumor cells, or dendritic cells. Studies to decrease tumor immunoresistance have focused on cytokine modulation of known immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment. Several early studies have reported a survival benefit using different forms of immunotherapy. This article discusses past clinical trials using immunotherapy in HGGs, their efficacy, limits, and biologic and clinical design challenges that must be overcome to advance immunotherapy for patients with HGGs.
CARDIAC TAMPONADE IN A MECHANICALLY VENTILATED PATIENT

Cardiac tamponade is primarily a clinical diagnosis, often confirmed with echocardiography. In mechanically ventilated patients, however, cardiac hemodynamics are altered and classic echocardiographic parameters of tamponade cannot be reliably obtained. A 66 year old man presented with 5 days of
Respiratory characteristics of neonatal rat hepatocytes.

ABSTRACT.: Mitochondrial function was studied in isolated hepatocytes from newborn rats to determine the substrate requirements and oxygen dependence of perinatal respiratory activity. The results show that neonatal O2 consumption is markedly dependent on succinate availability; the respiration rate was extremely low in the absence of exogenous substrates, but was stimulated 15-fold by succinate, with half-maximal stimulation of O2 consumption at 0.5 mM succinate. Significant inhibition of respiration by low concentrations of antimycin A suggests that the succinate-induced increase in cellular O2 consumption was primarily due to mitochondrial activity. In contrast, other potential metabolic fuels at comparable concentrations (2.5 to 10 mM) gave less than 2-fold stimulation. Half-maximal oxidation (P50 value) of the mitochondrial cytochromes occurred at very low O2 concentrations and was sensitive to factors that alter cellular O2 consumption. The P50for cytochrome c oxidation (0.52 μM with 1.5 mM succinate) was, respectively, increased or decreased by additions of succinate or antimycin A. These distinctly lower P50 values for mitochondrial function in neonatal cells compared to adult cells could be a major factor in the ability of fetal and neonatal cells to tolerate relatively low O2 concentrations.
A subgradient-based optimization for reservoirs system management

Abstract The problem of determining the optimal operating policy for a system of reservoirs equipped with hydroelectric power plants is a nonlinear programming problem. In general, practitioners have found it hard to solve even a problem for a system with a small number of planning periods and hydroelectric plants using current nonlinear programming techniques. This is due, in large measure, to complex nonlinearities of the power generating functions and a large number of linear equality constraints involved in the model. Furthermore, most reservoirs systems in arid regions have periods of low water level which often results in an empty feasible region adding considerable difficulties to the operational feasibilities of the solutions. In this paper, we provide a general formulation of the water resource allocation problem with explicit engineering details generally omitted or oversimplified in the published literature, and investigate several solution procedures for their applicabilities, and we develop an efficient algorithmic framework exploiting the general water resource system special network structure to solve the linear equality constraints. Practical feasibility of this approach is demonstrated in several applications with a real water resource system.
Observations of Steep Wave Statistics in Open Ocean Waters

Abstract A new wavelet analysis methodology is proposed to estimate the statistics of steep waves. The method is applied to open ocean wave height data from the Southern Ocean Waves Experiment (1992) and from a field experiment conducted at Duck, North Carolina (1997). Results show that high wave slope crests appear over a wide range of wavenumbers, with a large amount being much shorter than the dominant wave. At low wave slope thresholds, all wave fields have roughly the same amount of wave crests regardless of wind forcing. The steep wave statistic decays exponentially with the square of the wave slope threshold, with a decay rate that is larger for the low wind cases than the high wind cases. Comparison of the steep wave statistic with independent measurements of the breaking wave statistic suggests a breaking wave slope threshold of about 0.12. The steep wave statistic does not scale with the cube of the wind speed, suggesting that other factors besides the wind speed also affect its level. Compariso...
Effects of a topical aqueous oxygen emulsion on collagen deposition and angiogenesis in a porcine deep partial‐thickness wound model

A porcine deep partial-thickness wound model was used to evaluate the effects of a newly developed topical aqueous oxygen emulsion (TOE) on wound repair. The wounds were treated with TOE, which contains super-saturated oxygen or vehicle control. Semiquantitative immunofluorescent staining was performed to examine protein production for type I and type III collagen and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Immunofluorescent staining revealed higher protein levels of type I and type III collagen and VEGF in the TOE treatment group. Histological analysis also revealed improved angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation with topical TOE treatment and was consistent with the protein expression. In addition, the histology examination demonstrated faster epithelialization in wounds treated with TOE. The study suggests that sustained high levels of oxygen released by TOE may promote the process of wound repair through increasing collagen deposition and angiogenesis as well as stimulating epithelialization.
The Synergistic Interplay Between Positive Emotions and Maximization Enhances Meaning in Life: A Study in a Collectivist Context

Most empirical studies have shown that experiencing positive emotions leads to a meaningful life. Yet, there has been a marked scarcity of research that examines dispositional constructs that would either reinforce or stunt the beneficial impact of positive emotions on meaning in life. The present study investigated the moderating effects of maximization (tendency to seek only for the best single option or decision) on the relations between the affective dimensions of subjective well-being (positive affect and negative affect) and meaning in life domains (i.e., presence of and search for meaning in life) in a collectivist context. Filipino college students (N = 384) who were enrolled in a private and sectarian university served as participants of the current empirical investigation. The findings showed that maximization positively moderated the association between positive affect and presence of meaning in life which seems to contradict the proposition that maximizing tendencies are maladaptive in nature. To the extent that Filipino adolescents exhaust and search for all the best possible choices in their lives, they would more likely realize the meaning of their lives by experiencing positive emotions. These results therefore point to the beneficial impact of endorsing a maximizing attitude in a collectivist culture. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Synchronous machines I-an extension of blondel's two-reaction theory

Blondel treated salient pole machines by resolving the fundamental space component of m. m. f. along the two axes of symmetry-the direct axis of the pole, and the quadrature axis between poles. Using this idea, and applying harmonic analysis, Blondel's theory has been extended in the present paper to a comprehensive system of treatment, in which the effect of harmonic m. m. fs., as well as the fundamental, and also of field m. m. f. in the quadrature axis, as well as in the direct, have been taken into account. It is shown that the "armature leakage flux" which causes reactance voltage drop in synchronous operation, comprises all fluxes, due to armature currents, which generate fundamental voltage, except the space fundamental component, the latter constituting the total flux of "armature reaction." Impressing upon the variable air-gap permeance those space harmonics of m. m. f. which are due to the fundamental time component of current and which therefore rotate at various fractional speeds, produces odd space harmonics of flux rotating at many different speeds and in opposite directions. Some of these, listed in Table I, produce fundamental voltage, but most of them generate time harmonics. The former, which are reactive voltages, are only those of the nth space order rotating at one nth speed-that is, those which correspond in space order and speed to the harmonic m. m. fs.
Diffusion tensor imaging in seven minutes: Determining trade-offs between spatial and directional resolution

Imaging protocols must obtain maximum information under tight time constraints, to minimize patient discomfort or attrition, and motion artifacts. As part of a pilot study optimizing DTI sequences for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we scanned 8 subjects with 3 DTI protocols of equal duration at two time-points (48 scans). If scan duration is fixed, collecting more diffusion-sensitized gradient directions can increase angular resolution at the expense of spatial. We compared 7-minute sequences with 3.0(48), 2.7(41), and 2.5(37) mm isotropic voxels (directions), to assess (1) SNR; (2) bias in estimating fiber anisotropy; (3) reproducibility over time; (4) intersubject variance--relevant for group comparisons. Statistical maps revealed that higher angular resolutions gave more reproducible estimates; FA depended on voxel size, with a steeper dependency in more heterogeneous regions. The intermediate resolution gave best SNR. 2mm DTI scans are common, but improved angular resolution may add temporal stability, and benefits for tractography.
Educational robotics for teleoperated general exam

The purpose of this project is to introduce a new educational model that allows first-year graduate students the ability to access telemedicine ideas and systems and interact intimately with the components of such devices. We are able to achieve this by forming multi-disciplinary groups working with low-cost materials to build the system from the ground up, thus exposing the students to all parts of the process. By leveraging remotely located teams, the members are required to face the underlying constraints inherent in telemedicine applications (namely, the difficulty in long-distance communication) as a major component of the project. Through the engagement of these students early in their graduate career with a real-world application and a hands-on experience, the exposure of the students in this manner complements the traditional textbook methodology and has been shown to provide indicators of positive attitudinal interest in not only those students already pursuing a medical tract of study but also general roboticists simply exploring this particular field.
Surgical Renal Ischemia: A Contemporary Overview

Purpose: Partial nephrectomy is being increasingly performed to treat renal cell carcinoma. Because warm ischemia is induced during many open and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy surgeries, its impact on postoperative kidney function has received renewed attention. We assessed the current state of knowledge pertaining to warm ischemic kidney injury and renal functional outcomes.Materials and Methods: A review of the literature from 1947 to 2007 pertaining to warm ischemic kidney injury was performed. Data from relevant animal and clinical studies were assessed and compared.Results: Animal studies have described the relationship between the duration of warm ischemia and the magnitude of subsequent renal dysfunction. However, direct translation of these data to clinical practice is limited by significant anatomical and physiological differences among species. Current clinical data support a safe warm ischemia time limit of 30 minutes in patients with normal preoperative kidney function. To date no scientifi...
Correlation between cerebral blood flow and oxygen saturation in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury

The INVOS cerebral oximeter and portable xenon enhanced CT (Xe/CT) scan are two commonly used diagnostic devices in patients who have experienced neurologic insults such as traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage. While the INVOS device is a relatively inexpensive, non-invasive measure of cerebral blood oxygen saturation, Xe/CT is a more complex costly diagnostic test that is the current gold standard for assessing cerebral perfusion in patients in the neurosciences intensive care unit (NSI) at the University of New Mexico Hospital. The purpose of this research was to investigate a possible relationship between these two diagnostic devices that might enable clinicians to better determine the appropriate timing and necessity of Xe/CT scans by evaluating trends in cerebral oximetry. The research was conducted in the University of New Mexico Hospital NSI over 18 months, with 25 imaging studies being collected from among 22 patients. Computer generated cortical segments obtained from the Xe/CT scans were correlated to INVOS cerebral oximeter pad placement on each patient's forehead, and the values were then compared using Spearman correlation coefficients. In this study, no statistically significant relationship between the devices was found although expansion of the study to a greater number of patients may uncover such a relationship.
MO‐D‐330A‐07: A Stationary Scanning X‐Ay Imaging System Based On Carbon Nanotube Field Emitters

Purpose: Most tomographic imaging systems available today use a single x‐ray source and multiple projection images are obtained by rotating the x‐ray source around the object. Therefore the data acquisition rate is limited by the gantry rotation speed, which is approaching the physical limit. We proposed to develop a novel stationary scanning x‐ray imaging system based on carbon nanotubefield emission x‐ray (FEX) technology. Instead of a single x‐ray source the proposed system is based on a multi‐pixel FEX source. The new scanner promises a dramatically faster data acquisition rate by reducing or totally eliminating the mechanical motion. Method and Materials: We have constructed a prototype stationary scanning x‐ray imaging system with an array of 9 individually addressable x‐ray source pixels, each of which can produce a different projection image of the object. The core of this novel x‐ray imagingtechnology is a gated carbon nanotubefield emissioncathode array. By programming the gate voltage of the cathode array, the multi‐pixel x‐ray source can generate an electronically triggered scanning x‐ray beam and produce multiple projection images from different viewing angles without mechanical motion. A Hamamatsu C7921 flat panel x‐ray sensor was used to collect all 9 projection images.Results:Tomosynthesisimages of a mouse and a standard breast‐imaging phantom (Stereotactic Needle‐biopsy Tissue Equivalent Phantom, Nuclear Associates, NY) using the prototype stationary scanning x‐ray imaging system are acquired. Tomosynthesisreconstructions were applied to the breast phantom. The slice imagesreconstructed using an iterative reconstruction algorithm clearly show the internal structures of the breast‐imaging phantom at different depths. Conclusion: We have developed a stationary scanning x‐ray imaging system using a carbon nanotube based multi‐pixel FEX source. The mechanical motion free approach can lead to a faster and simplified tomographic imaging system. Conflict of Interest: Research partially supported by Xintek Inc.
Human decidua: a source of cachectin-tumor necrosis factor.

Abstract Cachectin-tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) has been implicated as a possible signal for the initiation of human parturition in the setting of infection. These studies were conducted to determine whether human decidua can produce TNF-α in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Decidual explants from women undergoing elective cesarean sections were incubated with and without Escherichia coli LPS (25 ng/ml) for 20 h. TNF-α concentration in the conditioned media was measured with an enzyme-linked immunoassay and bioassay (L929 bioassay). While conditioned media from unstimulated decidual explants contained either undetectable or low levels of TNF-α, conditioned media from LPS stimulated decidua contained TNF-α (mean = 2.6 pmol/mg protein per 20 hours, SEM ± 1.03). There was a strong correlation between the immunoreactive and bioactive TNF-α (Spearman rank correlation r = 0.76, P
Low Fruit/Vegetable Consumption in the Home: Cumulative Risk Factors in Early Childhood

Cumulative risk theory suggests that a variety of social risk factors would have an additive effect on obesity risk. Multiple studies have suggested that obesity is related to basic resources such as transportation and financial resources. Additional research points to parental engagement and parental monitoring as additional sources of risk. This study investigates the cumulative risk of these variables in an at-risk preschool population. Teachers at 27 Head Start centers were trained in a structured interview process called the Family Map (FM). The FM is used to identify potential risk factors that affect child learning and development, toward the provision of educational services, supportive interventions, and referrals to community services. Results confirm that basic resources are related to Fruit/Vegetable (F/V) consumption. However, this study identified multiple additional variables connected to parental engagement (providing routines, parenting behaviors, discipline), and parental monitoring (activity monitoring and injury prevention behaviors) that were also related to F/V consumption. When a cumulative risk model was applied, parental engagement and parental monitoring were predictive of F/V consumption, but not basic resources. The study’s findings identify a host of family and parent variables that are related to F/V consumption within a cumulative risk framework that highlight the importance of parenting above and beyond basic resources. Implications for prevention/intervention program development are discussed.
Bilateral adult Wilms' tumor

Bilateral Wilms' tumors in children are not uncommon but in the adult are quite rare. A two-mutation theory of oncogenesis has been proposed in which a prezygotic gene mutation and a postzygotic mutation lead to the development of Wilms' tumor. However, the recent discovery of a postzygotic deletion within the 11p13 band of chromosome 11 in adult cases of Wilms' tumor may explain the rarity of the bilateral form in later years. Early diagnosis is difficult because of the nonspecificity of signs and symptoms. Computer tomography, ultrasonography, and arteriography are important modalities in the earlier diagnosis of adult Wilms' tumor. Because of the rarity of these tumors, no definitive guidelines for treatment have emerged. However, a multidisciplinary approach incorporating surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy has been used most often but with varying success. This report documents the second case of bilateral adult Wilms' tumor presenting as perinephric hematomas which partially resolved.
Music Courses for Elementary Education Majors: An Investigation of Course Content and Purpose:

We prepared a survey instrument to determine the purpose, format, and content of courses available to undergraduate elementary education majors at institutions accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music (NASM). We examined the types of music courses offered to elementary classroom teachers, the content of the courses, the instructor's purpose for each course, and factors that influenced curricular decisions. We mailed the questionnaire to 530 schools listed in the NASM directory. An initial and two follow-up mailings yielded 316 responses (60%). The Kruskal-Wallis test for independent samples revealed statistical significance beyond the .01 level for the fundamentals course, F (2, 27) = 17.17. The study's results show there was stronger agreement among respondents who taught fundamentals courses than among respondents who taught methods or combined courses.
Bounding the order of a group with a large character degree

Abstract Let d be the degree of some irreducible character of a finite group G. We can write | G | = d ( d + e ) for some nonnegative integer e, and we show that if e > 1 , then | G | ⩽ B e 6 for some universal constant B. This result, which improves a non-polynomial bound of Snyder, relies on recent work of Larsen, Malle and Tiep on character degrees of simple groups, and so it uses the simple group classification.
Tribology at the Atomic Scale

Tribology is the study of contacting surfaces rubbing against each other. It encompasses the topics of friction, lubrication, and wear, and historically has received the most attention from mechanical engineers. The study of tribology has generally been motivated by the need to optimize the efficiency, endurance, and precision of mechanical devices. There has been a gradually increasing appreciation that tribology presents interesting fundamental problems to materials scientists, physicists, chemists and particularly surface scientists, and that solving these fundamental problems could have striking ramifications for applied problems.
Anatomic suitability of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms for endovascular repair.

Mortality from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAAs) remains high despite improvements in anesthesia, postoperative intensive care, and surgical techniques. Recent small series and single-center experiences suggest that endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for rAAAs is feasible and may improve short-term survival. However, the applicability of EVAR to all cases of rAAA is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomical suitability of ruptured aneurysms for EVAR as determined by preoperative cross-sectional imaging. A contemporary consecutive series of rAAAs presenting to a tertiary academic center was retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative radiographic imaging was reviewed and assessed for endovascular compatibility based on currently available EVAR devices. Patients with aneurysm morphology demonstrating neck diameter >32 mm, neck length 60 degrees, severe iliac tortuosity, or external iliac diameter 60 degree angulated neck (10% vs. 45%, p = 0.0002), larger external iliac diameter (8.9 vs. 7.3 mm, p = 0.015), and less blood loss during surgical repair (2.4 vs. 6.0 L, p = 0.02); and more likely to be discharged home (71% vs. 25%, p = 0.05). There were no differences in 30-day, 1-year, or overall mortality between candidates for EVAR and noncandidates. Only 49% of patients with rAAAs in this consecutive series were found to be candidates for EVAR with conventional stent-graft devices. Differences in demographics, aneurysm morphology, and outcomes between candidates and noncandidates undergoing open repair suggest that differential risks apply to ruptured aneurysm patients. Protocols and future reports of EVAR for rAAAs should be tailored to these results. Device and technique modifications are necessary to increase the applicability of EVAR for rAAAs.
Theoretical and computational modeling of target-site search kinetics in vitro and in vivo.

Access to genetically encoded data depends on the dynamics of DNA-binding proteins searching for specific target sites in the genome. This search process is thought to occur by facilitated diffusion—a combination of three-dimensional diffusion and one-dimensional sliding. Although facilitated diffusion is capable of significantly speeding up the search in vitro, the importance of this mechanism in vivo remains unclear. We use numeric simulations and analytical theory to model the target-search dynamics of DNA-binding proteins under a wide range of conditions. Our models reproduce experimental measurements of search-rate enhancement within bulk in vitro experiments, as well as the target search time for transcription factors measured in vivo. We find that facilitated diffusion can accelerate the search process only for a limited range of parameters and only under dilute DNA conditions. We address the role of DNA configuration and confinement, demonstrating that facilitated diffusion does not speed up the search on coiled versus straight DNA. Furthermore, we show that, under in vivo conditions, the search process becomes effectively diffusive and is independent of DNA configuration. We believe our results cast in a new light the role of facilitated diffusion in DNA targeting kinetics within the cell.
The Impact of a Health Promotion Educational Program on Cardiovascular Risk Factors for HIV Infected Women on Antiretroviral Therapy

This study investigates the efficacy of a health promotion educational program on improving cardiovascular risk factors of weight, Body Mass Index, and waist to hip ratio in 76 predominately African American HIV-infected women. The health promotion educational program was the control group (that focused on improving self-efficacy for nutrition, exercise, stress reduction and women’s health behaviors) of a NIH-funded study. The majority of participants was overweight, obese, or at high risk based on waist hip ratio at the beginning of the study. There were no statistically significant improvements in body mass index or waist hip ratio from pre intervention to up to 9 months post intervention. There were significant changes in waist hip ratio and body mass index in both directions (improvement and worsened) for a small group of participants. The health promotion program did not affect significant changes in cardiovascular risk and should be revised, lengthened, and refocused on nutrition, diet, exercise, and long term goal commitments to reduce the high risk for cardiovascular disease in this group.
The Role of Senior Management and Team Leaders in Building Collaborative New Product Teams

Most high-technology firms expect cross-functional new product teams to accelerate product innovation, increase creativity, and cut costs. However, the mere formation of teams seldom produces such results. This article reports findings from a recent study of new product development processes in 10 high-technology firms and highlights the actions of senior management and team leaders that are associated with highly collaborative new product teamwork.
Education for development, reconsidered

Abstract In this article, we review the relationship between education and the achievement of development goals in the world's poorer countries. If our concern is primary improving the lives of the deprived majority of the world's population, then experience shows that most education strategies have failed to promote development. After examining why this has happended, we look at some examples which suggest more effective approaches to education.
Composition of Fresh and Storage Eggs from Hens Fed Cottonseed and Non-Cottonseed Rations. V. Cause of Discoloration

Abstract PRECEDING papers have shown that pink whites and salmon yolks developed during cold storage of eggs from hens fed cottonseed oil or cottonseed meal which contains cottonseed oil and that concurrent with the development of discoloration there was a progressive diffusion of certain yolk ingredients into the whites. Spectrographic analyses showed that the pink coloration of the whites was not related to riboflavin normally found in egg white nor to the carotenoid pigments of egg yolk. Further experiments to determine the cause of the development of discoloration of cottonseed oil eggs are reported in this study. EXPERIMENTAL Adsorption experiments. Attempts were made to adsorb the pink color of undiluted egg whites of injured eggs upon various adsorbents but without success. Pink whites were also treated with three volumes of 0.1N HCl, autoclaved at 15 pounds pressure for 30 minutes and filtered. Aliquots, which were then slightly straw colored rather than . . .
100 Years of Oil and Gas Development: From the Marshes to Deepwater, Louisiana Has Played a Major Role in Water-Oriented Exploration and Development

September, 2001 marked the 100th anniversary of the oil and gas business in Louisiana. Consequently, hydrocarbon exploration and development has been a vital part of Louisiana’s economy for over a century. In the latter part of the 1980s, the industry was considered dead or dying. Exploration and development had declined throughout the state. In the 1990s Louisiana’s industry was reborn in the deepwater of the northern Gulf of Mexico—a region that holds enormous potential in water depths that create unique exploration, development and production challenges. As technology changed, or was developed to meet the industry’s needs, new frontiers were explored. There was a pioneering entrepreneurial spirit that pushed the limits. Today, the frontier continues to expand and Louisiana is the beneficiary of this activity. One hundred years after the first discovery well in Louisiana, more than 250,000 oil and/or gas wells have been drilled in the state. In addition, over 4,000 structures are anchored parallel to its coast in water depths approaching two miles (3.2 km). From the uplands, to the swamps and marshes and into the deepwater of the Gulf of Mexico, Louisiana has been a leader in helping meet the Nation’s energy demands.Copyright © 2002 by ASME