cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acupuncture for the Treatment of Pain in the Rehabilitation Patient

Acupuncture has become an increasingly accepted treatment option for the management of pain in the rehabilitation patient over the last two decades. This ancient medical treatment has an ever growing body of evidence for its efficacy. This chapter will discuss the history of acupuncture including actions of the FDA and NIH, which have helped to increase its acceptance in the United States. In addition to its history, the basic principles of acupuncture will be discussed, which include yin/yang, Qi, Chinese organ systems, and meridians. The evidence behind acupuncture will also be presented in this chapter, as well as examples of acupuncture point selection, and a description of the types of conditions for which acupuncture can be a valuable treatment option.
A 0.028mm 2 19.8fJ/step 2 nd -order VCO-based CT ΔΣ modulator using an inherent passive integrator and capacitive feedback in 40nm CMOS

This paper presents an OTA-less 2nd-order VCO-based CT ΔΣ modulator featuring a passive integrator that makes use of the VCO's inherent parasitic effect. A low-power capacitive feedback technique is also presented for robust loop compensation. Fabricated in 40nm CMOS, the prototype occupies 0.028mm2 of active area and consumes 524μW when sampling at 330MHz. The ΔΣM achieved peak Walden FoM of 19.8fJ/step with 68.6dB SNDR over 6MHz BW.
Music teachers’ descriptions of their workplaces in relation to micropolitics*

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine the descriptions of workplace experiences of nine music teachers in direct relation to the literature on micropolitics. Research questions were: (a) How did participant music teachers’ descriptions of their workplace experiences relate to teachers, administrators, and students (as discussed in the micropolitical literature)? and (b) How can micropolitics be used to understand the similarities and differences between a qualitative comparison of the responses from beginning teacher participants and experienced teacher participants? Findings are presented within Hoyle’s [1986. The Politics of School Management. London: Hodder and Stoughton] micropolitical organisational underworld including: (a) cooptation (diversion of potential opposition); (b) displacement (concealing ‘real’ interests); and (c) controlling information. This secondary analysis study revealed that the vast differences in the negotiations and challenges of beginning and more experienced music ...
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in acute otitis externa.

Objective: Otologic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has historically been rare, but given the rise in community-acquired MRSA carriage and infection at other body sites, prevalence rates may be changing. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA in recent otologic cultures from patients with acute otitis externa (AOE). Study design: Retrospective review of an institutional microbiologic database. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on serial culture isolates taken from the ear at a quaternary care hospital from January 2014 to April 2016. The causative pathogen and antibiotic sensitivity was determined by culture isolation and end point mean inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing. Medical records were reviewed to document patient characteristics, chronicity of infection, symptomatology, and previous treatments. Results: Over the study period, 173 patients were diagnosed with AOE and underwent otologic cultures of the ear. Fifty-three (30.6%) of cultures grew S. aureus (SA). Of SA infections, 15 (28.3%) were identified as MRSA. MRSA patients were typically older than patients with methicillin-sensitive SA (MSSA) (mean age 46.7 ± 17.9 vs 29 ± 19.4, P = 0.003) and had more medical comorbidities (4 vs 1.7, P = 0.001). Compared to patients with MSSA, patients with MRSA were significantly more likely to have had prior ototopical antibiotic exposure (37% vs 73%, P = 0.019). Conclusion: Contemporary ear culture isolates at quaternary care center show higher rates of MRSA compared to historical reports in the literature. Clinicians should consider ear cultures to identify MRSA AOE. Level of Evidence: IV. Key words: Acute otitis externa; Staphylococcus aureus; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA
Negative body talk measures for Asian, Latina(o), and White women and men: Measurement equivalence and associations with ethnic-racial identity.

Abstract Negative body talk measures have been developed with predominantly White, female samples. We tested measurement invariance (equivalence) of two available negative body talk scales for Asian, Latina(o), and White college women and men in the U.S. In Study 1 (n = 1501 women; n = 1436 men), multiple group confirmatory factor analyses indicated scalar (strong) invariance across groups for the Negative Body Talk (Engeln-Maddox, Salk, & Miller, 2012) and Male Body Talk (Sladek, Engeln, & Miller, 2014) scales, suggesting these measures can be used to test mean group differences. Ethnic group comparisons adjusting for body mass index (BMI) showed similarities overall; few differences that emerged had small effect sizes. In Study 2 (n = 227 women; n = 141 men), greater ethnic-racial identity resolution was associated with less frequent negative body talk for Latina and Asian women but more frequent muscularity-focused negative body talk for Asian men, adjusting for BMI.
Rigorous missiological research using qualitative inquiry

Over the years, we (the authors) have fielded many questions concerning qualitative inquiry (i.e., research whose findings are reported in descriptive narrative rather than concrete numbers). An oft-repeated theme of these questions concerns rigor (e.g., how can the study be rigorous when you collect people’s perceptions of things?). Hence, this article primarily addresses the issue of rigor in qualitative inquiry. However, given that rigor in qualitative inquiry touches on every aspect of its design and implementation, we have chosen to embed our discussion of rigor in an overview of what a qualitative inquiry consists of, as it is practiced in numerous academic contexts all around the globe. Taken in its entirely, the article seeks to enhance readers’ appreciation for the qualitative research paradigm, to whet their appetite to deepen their understanding of it, and to encourage them learn more about it so they might employ it rigorously in their own missiological research.
Convex Functions and Taylor’s Theorem

In this chapter we consider the higher derivatives of a function f. These are \(f^{{\prime\prime}} = (f^{{\prime}})^{{\prime}},\) \(f^{(3)} = (f^{{\prime\prime}})^{{\prime}},\) etc. We extend the Mean Value Theorem to an analogous statement about the second derivative, and this takes us naturally to the notion of convexity. Once there, we meet the very important Jensen’s Inequality. Then we extend the Mean Value Theorem to the (n+1)st derivative—this is Taylor’s Theorem. We prove that \(\mathrm{e}\) is irrational and we take a brief look at Taylor series.
The Emerging Link between Cancer, Metabolism and Circadian Rhythms

The circadian clock is a complex cellular mechanism that, through the control of diverse metabolic and gene expression pathways, governs a large array of cyclic physiological processes. Epidemiological and clinical data reveal a connection between the disruption of circadian rhythms and cancer that is supported by recent preclinical data. In addition, results from animal models and molecular studies underscore emerging links between cancer metabolism and the circadian clock. This has implications for therapeutic approaches, and we discuss the possible design of chronopharmacological strategies.
A critical look at the bigger picture: Macro-level discourses of language and technology in the United States

Despite its numerous benefits and potentialities for language learning and teaching, digital technology can also play a role in creating and maintaining inequality (Kern, 2014; Selwyn, 2013). While critical CALL often focuses on micro-level issues and contexts, macro-level perspectives, including discourses, are also essential to consider (Helm, 2015): From ecological and language-as-discourse perspectives, macro-level discourses have the potential to impact and shape CALL practices and contexts (Blin, 2016; Blommaert, 2005). Using critical discourse analysis methods (Blommaert, 2005; Fairclough, 2001), this article takes the 2017 American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS) report, "America's Languages: Investing in Language Education for the 21st Century," as a window into macro-level discourses of language and technology in American society today. Findings reveal a series of interrelated frames and scales that, taken together, suggest a neoliberal discourse that positioned language, technology, and ultimately CALL as tools to enhance national competitiveness on a global marketplace. The article concludes with implications of these findings for the CALL field.
The Glenojet Procedure: A Bone Preserving Alternative

Bone loss in the setting of shoulder instability increases the likelihood of recurrent instability and increases the failure rate of arthroscopic interventions. Bone loss of the anteroinferior glenoid can be addressed via autograft (coracoid transfer or iliac crest bone graft) or allograft (iliac crest or osteochondral). We describe a technique for managing glenoid bone loss with a preshaped allograft. The Glenojet (Arthrosurface Inc.) is an allograft cortical bone augment for the glenoid. It is placed with a standard deltopectoral approach. The graft is predrilled and has a disposable targeting guide that fits 2 3.5 mm cortical screws. It offers an easy solution for addressing anteroinferior glenoid bone loss that preserves normal patient anatomy. It is particularly appealing for revision procedures of failed coracoid transfers.
The Prevalence of Facet Tropism and Its Correlation with Low Back Pain in Selected Community-Based Populations

Background The incidence of facet tropism (FT) and its correlation with low back pain (LBP) have, to our knowledge, not yet been investigated among selected community-based populations who visited departments unrelated to LBP with their chief complaints unrelated to LBP. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of FT among selected patients in whom LBP was not the chief complaint and the correlation between FT and LBP among these patients. Methods Among patients who underwent computed tomography during 2014 for reasons unrelated to LBP, we enrolled 462 patients who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The degree of tropism was defined as grade 0, 1, and 2 for FT, FT+, and FT++, respectively. LBP was evaluated using a modified version of the Nordic low back pain questionnaire. For additional evaluation of dynamic LBP, the question, "Did your pain go away when lying down still or standing up straight, and did it also intensify when you bend or stretch your back?," was included in the questionnaire. Results The L4-5 intervertebral area was most frequently and severely affected by FT with an incidence rate of 46.3%, and severe FT was observed in 24.7% of the patients. FT increased with age at L2-3 and L5-S1 levels. FT at L2-3 level was correlated with LBP (p = 0.035) and dynamic LBP (p = 0.033). The FT grade at L2-3 level was correlated with dynamic LBP (p = 0.022) but not with LBP (p = 0.077). The relative risk of FT at L2-3 level was 1.614 for LBP and 1.724 for dynamic LBP. Conclusions The prevalence of FT among community-based populations was 46.3% and its severe form was more frequently observed at L4-5 level (24.7%). LBP was correlated with FT at L2-3 level. The relative FT-associated risk of LBP was 1.6 at L2-3 level, and the relative L2-3 FT-associated risk of dynamic LBP was 1.724.
Everyday discrimination among formerly homeless persons in permanent supportive housing.

Experiences of discrimination are associated with poor health and are particularly common among persons experiencing homelessness. Permanent supportive housing (PSH) provides a foundation for impro...
The complement regulatory protein CD59: insights into attenuation of choroidal neovascularization.

Complement activation is associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), with the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) being one of the main target tissues. In AMD, disease severity is correlated with the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC), the terminal step in the complement cascade, as well as diminished RPE expression of CD59, a membrane-bound regulatory protein of MAC formation. This has prompted the search for therapeutic strategies based on MAC inhibition, and soluble forms of CD59 (sCD59) have been investigated in mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization, a model for “wet” AMD. Unlike membrane-bound CD59, sCD59 provides relatively poor cell protection from complement, and different strategies to increase sCD59 activity at the cell membrane level have been investigated. These include increasing the circulatory half-life of sCD59 by the addition of an Fc moiety; increasing the half-life of sCD59 in target tissues by modifying CD59 with a (non-specific) membrane-targeting domain; and by locally overexpressing sCD59 via adenoviral vectors. Finally, a different strategy currently under investigation employs complement receptor (CR)2-mediated targeting of CD59 exclusively to membranes under complement attack. CR2 recognizes long-lasting membrane-bound breakdown activation fragments of complement C3. CR2-CD59 may have greater therapeutic potential than other complement inhibitory approaches, since it can be administered either systemically or locally, it will bind specifically to membranes containing activated complement activation fragments, and dosing can be regulated. Hence, this strategy might offer opportunities for site-specific inhibition of complement in diseases with restricted sites of inflammation such as AMD.
Design and Modeling of the Bearingless Induction Motor

The bearingless version of the induction motor (IM) has seen little consideration as a high performance, medium to high power motor. This paper investigates and develops design and performance evaluation techniques that are necessary to systematically study and design the bearingless IM. Key differences in the design considerations of the bearingless IM from that of the classical line-fed or inverter-fed 1M are first explored and a candidate design (4 poles, 15,000 rpm, 50 kW) is created using a modified analytic design approach. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to explore the impact of the rotor topology (squirrel cage or pole-specific rotor winding) on the machine performance. It is shown that for low speed designs, the traditionally-used cage rotor can yield acceptable performance. However, the cage rotor is found to not be a workable solution for high speed designs (an example design operated at 500 Hz requires 20% of rated stator current to merely support the shaft weight). Finally, several FEA techniques are proposed and evaluated based on their ability to rapidly and accurately evaluate the bearingless IM design performance. This investigation will provide the necessary foundation for future efforts in designing and optimizing the bearingless IM.
On tail fatness of macroeconomic dynamics

Abstract I first propose a quantile-based robust measure of tailedness. The empirical estimates of the new measure indicate that the assumed thick-tailed distributions in the recent literature have to some extent overestimated the degree of macroeconomic tail fatness due to the ambiguity of kurtosis. Further comparing the assumed thick-tailed distributions in forecasting macroeconomic dynamics multiple-period-ahead, I find clear evidence of the following best-performing specifications: the symmetric exponential power distribution for forecasting quarterly macroeconomic dynamics and the symmetric Student’s t distribution with time-varying volatility for forecasting monthly macroeconomic variables. Finally, the forecasting performance decomposition suggests that modeling tail fatness in macroeconomic disturbances provides significantly better predictive content than the benchmark models.
Specification of Random Processes

The purpose of this chapter is to describe random processes and analyze their specification in terms of finite joint distributions for ordered time samples of the process. Particular emphasis is given to the computation of the second-order statistics of random processes, such as the autocorrelation, since these are heavily used by electrical engineers for signal analysis purposes, even though they provide only a very incomplete characterization of the stochastic behavior of processes, except in the Gaussian case. Several categories of random processes, such as Gaussian and Markov processes, which admit simple parametrizations, are introduced, as well as the class of stationary independent increments processes. This class contains the Wiener and Poisson processes, which play a major role in modeling random phenomena arising in electrical engineering systems.
Five-year Outcomes of Pulmonary Hypertension With and Without Elevated Left Atrial Pressure in Patients Evaluated for Kidney Transplantation.

BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is frequently reported in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and is associated with early allograft failure and death. However, the causes of PH are heterogeneous, and patient prognosis may vary by etiologic subtype. METHODS Data from the University of North Carolina Cardiorenal Registry were examined to determine associations between PH, with or without elevated left atrial pressure (eLAP), and mortality in candidates for kidney transplantation. PH and eLAP were determined by Doppler echocardiography and by tissue Doppler imaging, respectively. RESULTS From 2006 to 2013, 778 registry patients were screened preoperatively by echocardiography. Most patients were black (64%) and men (56%); the mean age was 56 years. PH was identified in 97 (12%) patients; of these, eLAP was prevalent in half. During a median follow-up of 4.4 years, 179 (23%) received a kidney transplant, and 195 (25%) died. After adjustments for demographics, comorbidities, dialysis vintage, and kidney transplantation, PH was associated with twice the 5-year mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48-3.03), with stronger associations in the absence of eLAP (HR = 2.87; 95% CI: 1.83-4.49) than with eLAP (HR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.57-2.17), P for interaction = 0.01. CONCLUSIONS The mortality risk associated with PH among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease appears to differ by etiology. Patients with PH in the absence of eLAP are at high risk of death and in need of focused attention. Future research efforts should investigate potential strategies to improve outcomes for these patients.
Theme-Based Book Review: Inclusion, Social Cohesion, and Innovation

Interest in community-centered, inclusive public policy is not limited to any particular nation or region. The focus outward – back to the community being represented – is a common call in the mids...
Surge-protective devices

Surge-protective devices (SPDs) used in transmission and distribution overhead lines (OHLs), while the second is related to low-voltage (LV) distribution systems. Metal oxide arresters (MOAs), with and without external gaps, and multi chamber arresters (MCAs) are used for protecting high-voltage (HV) and medium voltage (MV) lines against lightning overvoltages. An SPD is a device that is intended to limit transient overvoltages and divert currents. A voltage limiting type SPD has high impedance when no surge is present, but this impedance is continuously reduced with increased surge current and voltage. The main causes for surges are direct or indirect lightning strikes and man-made switching overvoltages. For an efficient protection of LV power systems against voltage or current surges, so-called LV surge protective devices are frequently used. The second part of this chapter gives an overview about surge protection for LV power systems.
AI-enabled wargaming in the military decision making process

During the Course of Action (COA) Analysis stage of the Military Decision Making Process (MDMP), staff members wargame the options of both friendly and enemy forces in an action-reaction-counteraction cycle to expose and address potential issues. This is currently a manual, subjective process, so many assumptions often go untested and only a very small number of alternative COAs may be considered. The final COA that is produced might miss opportunities or overlook risks. This challenge will only be exacerbated during Multi-Domain Operations (MDO), in which larger numbers of entities are expected to coordinate across domains to achieve converged effects within compressed timelines. This paper describes a prototype wargaming software support tool that leverages Artificial Intelligence (AI) to recommend COA improvements to commanders and staff. The tool’s design accounts for operational realities including a lack of available AI training data, limited tactical computing resources, and a need for end user interaction throughout the COA Analysis process. Given initial COAs for friendly and enemy forces, the tool searches for improvements by repeatedly proposing changes to the friendly COA and running the Data Analysis and Visualization INfrastructure for C4ISR (DAVINCI) combat simulation to evaluate them. Runtime is managed by carefully restricting the search space of the AI to only consider doctrinally relevant changes to the COA. The system architecture is designed to separate the AI, the simulation, and the user interface, simplifying continued experimentation and enhancements. The design of the AIenabled wargaming tool is presented along with initial results.
Chapter 10 – Interpretation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the process of interpreting the figures presented in this book. A brief discussion precedes each set of figures, which provides a background summary of known or probable causes, a description of the pattern presented by the figures, and an interpretation of this pattern in light of the background, pointing out those findings that are not easily explained. The internationally assigned code for each malignancy is provided, as is the number of cases available for study. Further, the observed pattern of occurrence within Los Angeles County is then summarized. The incidence is compared to incidence in other populations, and the pattern of occurrence by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and social class is described. The degree to which geographic variation in risk seems to be due to factors other than chance is roughly indicated. The characteristics of those census tracts meeting the high-risk criteria are discussed, including in respect to degree of risk, gender, social class, and time trend. Finally, the geography of those high-risk census tracts is described in relation to the geographical and demographic characteristics of the population of Los Angeles County.
7 – Multicomponent Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with ideal solutions. One of the important properties exhibited by ideal solutions is that the equilibrium partial vapor pressure of each component of an ideal solution very nearly obeys Raoult's law for all compositions of the solution. Solutes in dilute solutions at equilibrium with an ideal phase obey Henry's law. Activities and activity coefficients describe deviations from ideal or dilute behavior. The Debye-Huckel theory provides an accurate limiting law for the activity coefficients of electrolyte solutes. A semiempirical equation, the Davies equation, can provide usable estimates of electrolyte activity coefficients at larger concentrations. Two-component pressure-composition and temperature-composition phase diagrams give information about phases present at equilibrium. For a three-component system, a composition-composition diagram at constant temperature and pressure is plotted in an equilateral triangle, and a temperature-composition diagram is plotted in a (3D) triangular prism. The four principal colligative properties are freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, vapor pressure lowering, and osmotic pressure. In each case, the magnitude of the effect in a dilute solution is determined by the concentration of the solute but is independent of its identity.
Bloomfield in America

This paper examines the early printings of Bloomfield's works in the USA, of which there were very many. Some tried to duplicate the British illustrations; others did not. Some were illustrated ane...
Interpretation of the impedance spectroscopy of cement paste via computer modelling - Part II Dielectric response

Dielechic properties of cement pastes are measured using impedance spectroscopy, and the effective dielectric constants of the low frequency bulk arcs are reported. The unusually high values thereby obtained, and their dependence on reaction time and water:cement ratio, are explained by the presence of microstructural features that serve to amplify the dielectric constants of the individual material phases. The dielectric properties of three-dimensional cement paste models and of simple two-dimensional models of the hypothesized microstructural features are analysed. The model results provide insight into the proposed dielectric amplification mechanism in real cement paste
Those who ignore the past are doomed…to be heartless: Lay historicist theory is associated with humane responses to the struggles and transgressions of others.

When one learns that current struggles or transgressions of an individual or group are rooted in an unfortunate history, one experiences compassion and reduced blame. Prior research has demonstrated this by having participants receive (or not) a concrete historicist narrative regarding the particular individual or group under consideration. Here, we take a different approach. We explore the possibility that everyday people show meaningful variation in a broad lay theory that we call lay historicism. Lay historicists believe that—as a general fact—people’s psychological characteristics and life outcomes are powerfully molded by their life histories. We present eight studies linking lay historicism to broad tendencies toward compassion and non-blaming. Collectively, Studies 1–5 suggest that lay historicism affects compassion and blame, respectively, via distinct mechanisms: (1) Lay historicism is associated with compassion because it creates a sense that—as a general fact—past suffering lies behind present difficulties, and (2) lay historicism is associated with blame mitigation because historicists reject the idea that—as a general fact—people freely and autonomously create their moral character. Thus, lay historicism increases compassion and decreases blame via distinct mechanisms. The remaining studies diversify our evidence base. Study 6 examines criminal justice philosophies rather than broad moral traits (as in the earlier studies) and shows that lay historicism is associated with preference for humane criminal justice philosophies. Study 7 moves from abstract beliefs to concrete situations and shows that lay historicism predicts reduced blaming of an irresponsible peer who is encountered face-to-face. One additional study—in our Supplemental Materials—shows that lay historicism predicts lower levels of blaming on implicit measures, although only among those who also reject lay controllability theories. Overall, these studies provide consistent support for the possibility that lay historicism is broadly associated with humane responding to the struggles and transgressions of others.
Reflex respiratory responses to specific airway occlusions during normoxic, hypoxic, hyperoxic and differential lung ventilation

Experiments were conducted to assess the influence of changes "In alveolar oxygen tension with and without concomitant changes in arterial oxygen tension on respiratory responses to occluding the left and/or right airway(s) at specific times during the respiratory cycle. Thirtyeight anesthetized dogs were intubated with a double-lumen endobronchial divider which allowed independent ventilation of the left and right lungs. Steady state breathing patterns (volumes, airflows, airway pressures and fming of the inspiratory and expiratory phases) and reflex responses during bilateral normoxia, hypoxia and hyperoxia (all isocapneic) were studied to evaluate the contribution of peripheral chemoreception input to control of respiration. A fourth test gas experimental condition termed differential ventilation allowed the left lung to breathe 100% nitrogen while the right lung breathed 90-100% oxygen. This procedure was used to partition the roles of alveolar versus arterial Og tension on lung volume reflexes. Data obtained from differentially ventilated dogs, when compared with reflexes induced during hypoxia and hyperoxia, support the hypothesis that mechanisms which 'sense' changes in the concentration of alveolar O2 participate in breathing pattern control. Like the C02-pulmonary reflex, oxygen chemoreception appears to act by altering pulmonary stretch receptor discharge. However, the observation of a significant ventilatory response to differentia^ ventilation (normal systemic oxygenation) in bilaterally vagotomized dogs further suggests the possibility that
Review of the twenty-three year evolution of the first university course in green chemistry: teaching future leaders how to create sustainable societies

In 1992, it was clear that the challenge of transforming tertiary chemistry education to assist with leadership development for what is now called “sustainability” held important potential. There were no appropriately focused university courses. Green chemistry had not been named. So a course for upper level undergraduates and graduates, now entitled Chemistry and Sustainability (CS (i) the organizational tool for green science technical challenges called the C&S Bookcase, (ii) the conceptual-analytical tool for identifying future-safe technologies called the Technology-Sustainability Compass (TSC), and (iii) the ethical code developed to provide students with a theoretical foundation for sustainability path-finding called the Code of Sustainability Ethics for Leaders (COSEL), 6) the interdisciplinary content meshing technical chemical education with (i) the pursuit of transgenerational justice developed from the ethics of Hans Jonas, (ii) the history of chemical pollution, (iii) the impact of toxic elements, persistent molecular pollutants and endocrine disruptors on health and the environment, and (iv) strategic leadership for sustainability, 7) the use of stellar internet resources on the health and environmental content of energy and chemicals to emphasize immediacy, relevancy and importance, 8) the homework assignments, and 9) the 2014–15 student course analyses. This review is intended to deliver cognition grenades to vaporize clouds of obscurity shielding fortresses of unsustainability in the chemical enterprise—the most demanding sustainability challenges today are cultural strongholds that must be breached and not technical rivers that must be forded. The key C&S transformative insight is that cultural blockades against the rational advancement of sustainability within the chemical and allied enterprises, the resulting impacts, and the strategies for breaking free should be emphasized with the relevant technical content in the quest for competence in educating leaders for a sustainable world. This long review is a concatenation of four thematic reviews, so integrated to help interested teachers design related courses.
Technology Trends in Physical and Chemical Vapor Deposition Techniques

This paper reviews the present status and future needs of the thin film depositions-namely physical and chemical vapor depositions. The continuing shrinkage of the devices and circuits has placed demands not only on finding the new materials but more so on the technology of their application on such devices, circuits, and chips. After a brief review of the physical and vapor deposition technologies the changing needs are discussed including the emerging partially ionized beam technique. Effect of increasing wafer and die sizes and decreasing device dimensions, use of statistical process control and process simulations, emerging concepts of multiple process equipments and in-situ processing, and manufacturability are briefly discussed.
Clinical Risk Factors for the Development of Psoriatic Arthritis Among Patients with Psoriasis: A Review of Available Evidence

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA), a chronic inflammatory arthritis, affects about 10 % of patients with psoriasis with higher prevalence seen in patients with more extensive skin disease. Early identification of PsA may result in improved outcomes. While it remains unclear which patients with psoriasis will develop PsA, several studies have identified potential risk factors for PsA among patients with psoriasis. This review examines the basic epidemiologic principles of identifying risk factors and reviews the evidence to date about risk factors for PsA among patients with psoriasis.
Hepatitis A and B vaccination associated with de novo DSA to a previous donor’s HLA and a positive FCXM to a potential second donor: Successful kidney transplantation after desensitization

A 54 year old African American female with 4 previous pregnancies received a kidney transplant from a living non related donor in November, 2001. Anti-HLA antibodies were not detected by Flow Cytometry cross matches (FCXM) that were negative at the time of the 2001 transplant. The patient’s transplanted kidney failed in Aug 2014 due to chronic rejection and the patient underwent a nephrectomy. At that time donor specific antibody (DSA) against the HLA of the first donor was not detected. The patient was subsequently XM against her daughter in November, 2014. Anti-HLA antibody using screening beads/Luminex technology was not detected and the FCXM was negative. The patient received Hepatitis A and B vaccinations in November, 2014 followed by two subsequent vaccinations in January and March of 2015 (with seroconversion). In February 2015, anti-HLA antibody was detected on routine screen and DSA was detected by single antigen bead (SAB) assays against a Class 1 HLA in common with the first and second donor (the daughter). No other identifiable sensitizing events, e.g., infection or blood transfusion were noted. The patient received 9 plasmapheresis treatments, QOD and IVIG. SAB tests indicated a reduction in DSA during the course of therapy. DSA was not detected after the 8th plasmapheresis treatment and the FCXM was negative. The patient received a kidney transplant 2 days later. Her creatinine came down from 9.9 mg/dl at transplant to an average of 1.35 mg/dl at 3–4 weeks after surgery. Conclusions and recommendations: These results suggest that caution should be exercised when considering vaccination of a previously transplanted patient even when the patient has not developed anti-HLA antibodies to potential recall antigens. Frequent anti-HLA antibody detection assays should be performed following vaccination to avoid unexpected positive XMs. Sensitization by viral vaccines may be overcome by standard desensitization protocols that are in current use.
Expatriation into and out of Emerging Markets: Challenges for IHRM

Increasingly, the focus of global business is on emerging – or growth – markets. Up to now, most research in IHRM has focused on management of expatriates from MNEs headquartered in developed countries to positions in subsidiaries in other developed countries. If the research involved expatriate experiences in emerging markets, that fact was rarely mentioned and even more rarely focused on as a significant issue. In this article, I present a review of the literature involving the assignment of expatriates by developed-country MNEs to subsidiaries in emerging markets plus an overview of the literature that now examines the use of expatriates by emerging-market MNEs. First, I define the nature and use of the term “emerging markets”. For practical discussion and research purposes, this term is too broad. Then I review the limited literature on expatriation from developed-country MNEs into emerging-market subsidiaries, assess the research on comparisons between developed-market assignments and emerging-market assignments, and evaluate the newly-developing focus on expatriates from emerging-market-based MNEs who are being assigned to subsidiaries in either other emerging markets or to subsidiaries in developed markets. At the end of the article, I review a number of recent surveys by consulting firms of the challenges MNEs are experiencing today with their assignments of employees to positions in emerging markets and assess whether these experiences are different than prior assignments of expatriates to developed markets and suggest some solutions to the challenges being experienced.
The Role of Corporate Culture in Mergers & Acquisitions

Corporate mergers are an important driver of growth, and yet many mergers fail to produce value for the shareholders of the acquiring firms. Survey and anecdotal evidence suggests that corporate culture is central to the success of mergers and acquisitions (M&A), and that cultural differences are an important causal factor in merger failures. However, there is little either by way of theory or by way of large-sample empirical evidence in Finance and Economics on the importance of culture for M&A performance, although there appears to be growing interest in this area. There is a fairly substantial literature in Organizational Behavior, however, on this subject.To provide a perspective on the role of culture in mergers and outline an agenda for future research that can be built around the key questions whose exploration promises to extend the frontiers of knowledge in this important area, this chapter critically reviews the Organizational Behavior and Economics literatures on corporate culture. Some survey and anecdotal evidence on the effect of culture on M&A is discussed as motivation and also to surface questions that could be more systematically addressed through research. The goal of the chapter is to both acquaint the reader with the research that has already been done in this somewhat nascent area and to facilitate the development of an agenda for future research.
Service Learning in Preschool: An Intergenerational Project Involving Five-Year-Olds, Fifth Graders, and Senior Citizens

Service Learning is a powerful form of experiential pedagogy that is gaining popularity in classrooms from preprimary settings through graduate school. It involves students in activities that explicitly and intentionally integrate community involvement with appropriate academic objectives. This article describes an intergenerational service learning project that brought together preschoolers, golden-agers, and at-risk elementary-aged students. Lunch Time Book Buddies—Pass It On included both direct service and indirect service and made valuable contributions to young children's developing literacy, social-emotional, physical, and cognitive abilities.
Shifting Paradigms: Moving Beyond “Trans 101” in Sexuality Education

Trans-inclusive sexuality education can be complex, confusing, and outright intimidating for even the most seasoned sexuality educator to teach. Historically, standalone “Trans 101” sessions have successfully raised awareness about the highly marginalized transgender community. However, their potential success has been limited by being taught in isolation from other gender and sexuality education efforts. As natural allies to this sexual minority, we as sexuality educators are in a position to contribute to positive social change by becoming more trans inclusive in our own work. This article reviews the current status of trans inclusion in sexuality education and provides concrete strategies for implementing a new level of trans inclusivity within sexuality education.
The Open Courseware Movement in Higher Education: Unmasking Power and Raising Questions about the Movement's Democratic Potential

In this essay Robert Rhoads, Jennifer Berdan, and Brit Toven-Lindsey examine some of the key literature related to the open courseware (OCW) movement (including the emergence and expansion of massive open online courses, or MOOCs), focusing particular attention on the movement's democratic potential. The discussion is organized around three central problems, all relating in some manner or form to issues of power: the problem of epistemology, the problem of pedagogy, and the problem of hegemony. More specifically, the authors raise issues related to the narrow notion of knowledge typically conveyed in the OCW movement, a limited understanding of what constitutes empowering pedagogy, and the lack of treatment of inequities associated with the production of courseware materials. The authors go on to argue that the lack of critical analysis of the OCW movement is tied to its relative alignment with educational reforms driven by neoliberal ideology and that such alignment serves to limit the movement's democratic possibilities. © 2013 Board of Trustees.
Densitometric comparisons of Ultra-speed, Ektaspeed, and Ektaspeed Plus intraoral films for two processing conditions.

This study compared film speed, contrast, exposure latitude, and resolution of Ultra-speed, Ektaspeed, and Ektaspeed Plus films (Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N.Y.). Densitometric curves were generated for each film type under processing conditions of fresh and used chemistry to observe their effect on factors associated with diagnostic quality. Ektaspeed Plus film displayed the least variability due to processing, condition of any film; it also demonstrated the fastest speed and was twice as fast as Ultra-speed film. Ektaspeed exhibited the greatest relative exposure latitude followed by Ektaspeed Plus and Ultra-speed. Average gradient over a clinically useful range of densities, was greatest for Ultra-speed in fresh processing solutions, but greatest for Ektaspeed Plus in used processing solutions. All film types were able to resolve more than 16.6 line pairs per millimeter regardless of processing conditions. The results of this study suggest that dental practitioners who have refrained from using E-speed film because of the sensitivity of this film to variations in processing may now consider providing this dose-reducing technology for their patients with the expectation of obtaining consistent image quality.
Sport and Society in Latin America: Diffusion, Dependency, and the Rise of Mass Culture

Sport and the Study of Latin American Society: An Overview by Joseph L. Arbena Bicycles, Modernization, and Mexico by William H. Beezley Forging the Regional Pastime: Baseball and Class in Yucatan by Gilbert M. Joseph The Case of Soccer in Early Twentieth-Century Lima by Steve Stein Sport in a Fractured Society: Brazil under Military Rule by Janet Lever Socrates, Corinthians, and Questions of Democracy and Citizenship by Matthew Shirts Sport in Revolutionary Societies: Cuba and Nicaragua by Eric A. Wagner Sports as Dramaturgy for Society: A Concluding Chapter by Robert M. Levine Bibliography Index
9.1.2 Structuring a Systems Engineering Program at UALR

By all measures, we have founded a successful Systems Engineering program in response to industrial and state requirements. Being a new program, however, the faculty and administration have both learned from the experience over the three years since the program was instituted. Given the dearth of systems engineering programs, a major challenge is to recruit formally trained systems engineering graduates. Another is to reach a consensus on the goals and content of our program. This paper reports this learning process. The University of Arkansas at Little Rock (UALR) is a regional university serving primarily the people of Arkansas. One half of the population in the state of Arkansas lives within 100 miles of Little Rock. The Little Rock metropolitan has a population of over 500,000. UALR is a member of the University of Arkansas system, which consists of eight campuses. UALR has approximately 11,500 undergraduate students and 1,500 graduate students. UALR offers bachelor's degrees in Engineering, Science, Education, Arts, and Humanities. It offers master's degrees in several areas, and doctoral degrees in Applied Science and Education. UALR is one of the fastest growing urban universities in the country. As a Carnegie doctoral intensive institution, it is one of several metropolitan universities in the country serving the industrial, commercial, and educational needs of the client population, including minority students (currently UALR's African American population is about 25% of the student body). The mission of the University is to provide the necessary support and access to a quality education for all citizens of Arkansas regardless of background.
Midgut and fatbody mitochondrial transhydrogenase activities during larval-pupal development of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta.

Abstract Midgut and fatbody mitochondria from fifth larval instar Manduca sexta display a membrane-associated transhydrogenase that catalyzes a reversible hydride ion transfer between NADP(H) and NAD(H). The NADPH-forming activity occurs as a nonenergy- or energy-linked activity with energy for the latter derived from either electron transport-dependent NADH or succinate utilization, or ATP hydrolysis by Mg++-dependent ATPase. During the ten-day developmental period preceding the larval-pupal molt (fifth larval instar), significant peaks in the mitochondrial transhydrogenase activities of midgut and fatbody tissues were noted and these peaks were coincident with the onset of wandering behavior and with the fifty-fold increase in ecdysone 20-monooxygenase (E20-M) activity previously reported for M. sexta midgut. Since E20-M preferentially uses NADPH in catalyzing ecdysone conversion to the physiologically active molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, the physiological and developmental significance of the mitochondrial, NADPH-forming energy-linked transhydrogenations were made apparent. Moreover, that the increases in all transhydrogenase activities resulted from de novo enzyme synthesis were indicated by the cycloheximide-dependent reductions in these activities.
Interactions, Structure, and Stability of Photoreactive Bolaform Amphiphile Multilayers

Ultrathin organic multilayer films are appealing to scientists not only because they serve as molecular level models but also because they can be transformed into superlattices through successive deposition of alternating layers of different materials. Cationic bolaform amphiphile and anionic polyelectrolyte multilayers were self-assembled from their aqueous solutions via electrostatic attraction. The bolaform amphiphile layers are photopolymerizable by UV irradiation. The mechanical and surface electrical properties of the multilayer film were studied by surface force measurements, and the surface topography was studied by atomic force microscopy. We observed an average increase in film thickness of 75 with each amphiphile and polyelectrolyte double layer deposition, a molecularly smooth first anchoring amphiphile layer, and nonuniform polyelectrolyte layers with a surface roughness of 30 A. The surface roughness was preserved in the multilayer deposition process and was reduced by adding salt to the polyelectrolyte solution. Photopolymerization increases the integrity of the first anchoring layer as well as the subsequent multilayers. It took less than 5 min to dissolve a monomeric amphiphile film in chloroform, but immersion of the UV-irradiated film in chloroform for 2 h only resulted in partial removal of film materials. The multilayer film is quite fragile especially for the first few layers. Controlling of the monolayer structure by selective variation of the amphiphile chemical structure may help to optimize the photopolymerization process.