cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Popular Religiosity in the 'Closed City' of Soviet Ukraine: Cultural Consumption and Religion during Late Socialism, 1959-1984

Part of a larger research project about Soviet cultural consumption and identity formation, this article explores the connection between rock music and religiosity in the industrial city of Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine, in the late socialist period. The Committee of State Security [Komitet gosudarstvennoi bezopasnosti, KGB] closed Dnepropetrovsk to foreigners in 1959 when one of the Soviet Union’s biggest missile factories opened there. Because of its “closed” nature, Dnepropetrovsk became a unique Soviet social and cultural laboratory where various patterns of late socialism collided with new Western cultural influences. The closed city of Dnepropetrovsk can be seen as a microcosm of Soviet society as a whole. Drawing from a wide variety of sources, including archival documents, periodicals, personal diaries and interviews, this article demonstrates how popular fascination for Western rock music, such as Andrew Lloyd Webber’s Jesus Christ Superstar, spurred interest in Christianity. Local Protestant and Orthodox church leaders skillfully promoted such interest, even as the Party bosses tried to quash it. This study stands as a reminder of the continued draw of Christianity in Orthodoxy’s heartland—even through alternative, modernizing media—despite the official promotion of atheism.
Accelerated Convergence for Lumped-Elements Based on-Package RF Passives Design by Using Curve Fitted Formula

Integrating passive components on package is getting more and more attractive. To speed up the lumped-elements-based RF functional blocks, like filters, matching networks and so on, fast synthesis of these lumped elements is necessary. Traditional synthesis method like try-error-try again is not only time consuming but also hard to find an optimal one. This is especially true for spiral inductor design due to many tunable parameters. Design based on library has also some disadvantages, such as lack of information of manufacture tolerances’ impact. This paper describes an optimal synthesis method based on curve fitted formula. Full wave electromagnetic simulator is first used to model a set of typical structures. Curve fitting technique is then used to express capacitance, inductance, Q-factor, SRF as functions of geometric parameters and frequency, which is then integrated in a software tool for package inductor and capacitor design. With these fitted curves, manufacture tolerance analysis becomes very easier, and one can easily find the optimal design for the real application, therefore speeds up the function block design.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Brain Wave Biofeedback: Benefits of Integrating Neurofeedback in Counseling

Consistent with the 2009 Standards of the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs, counselors must understand neurobiological behavior in individuals of all developmental levels. This requires understanding the brain and strategies for applying neurobiological concepts in counseling practice, training, and research. Neurofeedback, biofeedback for the brain, is one modality based in neuroscience that empowers individuals to recognize, monitor, and self-regulate brain wave activity to create greater wellness. Neurofeedback has significant potential in counseling preparation, research, and practice.
Dietary boron enhances efficacy of cholecalciferol in broiler chicks

Accumulating evidence suggests that boron influences the metabolism of cholecalciferol in humans and animals. This study was designed to characterize further the relation between boron and cholecalciferol. Two 2 X 3 factorially designed experiments were conducted with boron (0 and 3 mg/kg) and cholecalciferol [0, 3.13 (Expt 1) or 5.0 (Expt 2), and 15.63 μg/kg] supplemented to a low-boron (<0.18 mg/kg), noncholecalciferol-added basal diet. Each diet was fed to 16 broiler chicks divided in two groups, housed in plastic cages, from 1 d to either 27 d (Expt 1) or 26 d (Expt 2) of age. In Expt 1, chicks fed the basal diet, compared to those fed supplemental cholecalciferol, exhibited rickets and increased bone concentrations of sodium, potassium, zinc, copper, and manganese, and reduced bone dry weights and concentrations of iron. Supplemental boron improved growth, feed efficiency, and gait abnormalities and increased concentrations of serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, ionized calcium and triglycerides, and bone iron, and reduced concentrations of bone sodium, potassium, zinc, and copper in chicks fed 3.13, but not 0 and 15.63, μg cholecalciferol/kg diet. Supplemental boron increased bone boron concentrations regardless of cholecalciferol status. In Expt 2, the effects of boron on these variables were similar but less pronounced. These findings suggest that boron enhances the efficacy of cholecalciferol, but boron does not substitute for the vitamin. Further study is needed to determine whether boron enhances cholecalciferol absorption or hydroxylation. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Approximation algorithms for problems in scheduling with set-ups

In this paper, we present new approximation results for the offline problem of single machine scheduling with sequence-independent set-ups and item availability, where the jobs to be scheduled are independent (i.e., have no precedence constraints) and have a common release time. We present polynomial-time approximation algorithms for two versions of this problem. In the first version, the input includes a weight for each job, and the goal is to minimize the total weighted completion time. On any input, our algorithm produces a schedule whose total weighted completion time is within a factor 2 of optimal for that input. In the second version, the input includes a due date for each job, and the goal is to minimize the maximum lateness of any job. On any input, our algorithm produces a schedule with the following performance guarantee: the maximum lateness of a job is at most the maximum lateness of the optimal schedule on a machine that runs at half the speed of our machine.
A global survey of “TURF-reserves”, Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries coupled with marine reserves

Overfishing and degradation of the marine environment continue to plague coastal communities worldwide, with multiple diverse solutions being proposed. Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries (TURFs) is a fishery management approach that aligns fishers’ incentives with sustainability, while marine reserves have proven effective for ecosystem protection, and in some cases for fishery enhancement. These two management approaches are often used in isolation, leaving the potential utility of integrating them poorly understood. We examine cases where TURFs and marine reserves have been implemented together to create “TURF-reserves”. We compiled a database of 27 TURF-reserves and collected information on the governance, management, enforcement, fishing practices, fishing rights, regulations, and design attributes for each site. We address several research questions including: what species are managed with TURF-reserves, how are TURF-reserves created and who is involved in the process? Our findings show that the majority of surveyed TURF-reserves arose from previously established TURF systems that target a range of fisheries, and multiple entities play a role in TURF-reserve development and management. We also examine the differences between two TURF-reserve archetypes and find that those developed with a strong history of customary tenure share distinct qualities from those created in a more recently established, government-mandated system.
Back in the Classroom: Teacher Follow-Through after an Earth Education Program

Little research exists describing what teachers do with new experiences and knowledge after participating in environmental learning programs and the students return back to the classroom This qualitative study aimed to fill this gap by examining and describing the follow-through implemented by teachers after their classes participated in the Earthkeepers earth education program. Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with seven teachers—four who did a great deal in the classroom to follow through on the program and three who did little. Analysis produced informative descriptions of the follow-through as well as comparisons of the characteristics of the teachers and reasons that account for the differences. Student surveys before and after the program showed that students with a teacher who did a great deal of follow through had a higher rate of program completion. This study provides an informative and revealing description of what teachers do following an environmental learning program and w...
Electrical properties and structure of Cr-doped nonstoichiometric V2O3

The effect of oxygen nonstoichiometry has been investigated for Cr-doped V 2 O 3 . Both high-temperature and low-temperature electrical transitions are gradually suppressed by excess oxygen content. At levels δ=0.04 for (V 0.99 Cr 0.01 ) 2 O 3+δ the transitions disappear completely, and only metallic properties are encountered. The results are interpreted in terms of possible mechanisms for the two metal-insulator transitions encountered in Cr-doped V 2 O 3 .
Using diaries to promote procedural justice in performance appraisals

One-hundred-seventeen college students performed a task on which they received a negative, neutral, or positive performance evaluation. The evaluations were made by the experimenter who (i) kept a diary documenting subjects' performance, (ii) observed their performance but did not keep a diary, or (iii) made the evaluation on no apparent basis (control). It was found that both the evaluation procedure and the evaluation outcome itself were perceived as being fairer when diaries were used as the basis for making evaluations relative to either subjects in the observation procedure group or the control group. The practical implications of these findings for performance appraisals are considered along with the implications for conceptual work on procedural justice.
Automatic architectural synthesis of VLIW and EPIC processors

This paper describes a mechanism for automatic design and synthesis of very long instruction word (VLIW), and its generalization, explicitly parallel instruction computing (EPIC) processor architectures starting from an abstract specification of their desired functionality. The process of architecture design makes concrete decisions regarding the number and types of functional units, number of read/write ports on register files, the data-path interconnect, the instruction format, its decoding hardware, and the instruction unit data-path. The processor design is then automatically synthesized into a detailed RTL-level structural model in VHDL along with an estimate of its area. The system also generates the corresponding detailed machine description and instruction format description that can be used to retarget a compiler and an assembler respectively. All this is part of an overall design system, called Program-In-Chip-Out (PICO), which has the ability to perform automatic exploration of the architectural design space while customizing the architecture to a given application and making intelligent, quantitative, cost-performance tradeoffs.
Heterogeneity in plant–soil feedbacks and resident population dynamics affect mutual invasibility

Summary 1. Understanding the mechanisms governing coexistence is a central goal in ecology and has implications for conserving and restoring communities, yet the high diversity in many plant communities is difficult to explain. Theory suggests that plant–soil feedbacks (PSF) can lead to frequency-dependent coexistence by suppressing conspecifics more than heterospecifics, potentially helping to explain high-diversity plant communities. In addition, species-specific population dynamics, including the rate at which individuals are replaced in a population or population turnover rate, may influence coexistence outcomes. 2. We have created a rigorous test of the coexistence predictions of theory by generating a soil heterogeneity experiment in the field and testing for mutual invasibility by establishing resident populations, then experimentally invading them. Experimental tests of mutual invasibility can demonstrate coexistence because, if species are able to invade one another’s populations when at low density, they should exhibit long-term coexistence. We use pairs of congeners in this experiment that coexist at small spatial scales, sometimes within cm, at our field site. 3. We demonstrate that invader individuals established better in congener’s soils than in conspecific soils, consistent with plant–soil feedback mediated coexistence. This effect was often mediated by competition with established resident plants. 4. Further, we show that soil heterogeneity interacted with the population turnover rate of the resident population to influence invasibility (P < 0.10), consistent with the theoretical prediction that a plant’s population dynamics will interact with heterogeneity to influence coexistence. 5. Synthesis. Plant–soil feedbacks (PSF) can in theory lead to frequency-dependent coexistence, and reciprocally, negative feedback effects in glasshouse experiments are often consistent with this prediction. We provide the first field test of mutual invasibility structured by PSF, demonstrating that PSF can lead to coexistence when they create a patchy, or heterogeneous, soil environment. This work suggests that understanding the influence of PSF on diversity necessitates understanding the spatial scale at which soil heterogeneity emerges in the field. Thus, high diversity might be maintained in plant communities by heterogeneity created by plants’ influence on the soil, and this outcome depends strongly on population dynamics.
A Low-Cost Control System for a High-Altitude UAV

The BIG BLUE project at the University of Kentucky is a test bed UAV for Mars airplane technology. A major focus of the BIG BLUE effort has been the development of a low-cost and light-weight avionics, control, and communication system to manage the aircraft and correspond with ground stations. BIG BLUE I, launched in May 2003, achieved the first successful deployment of inflatable/rigidizable wings at altitude. BIG BLUE II, launched in May 2004, had a flight-ready fuselage and control system. This paper describes the BIG BLUE project detailing the design and implementation of the avionics, control, and communication system
Molecular imaging of nuclear factor-κB in bladder as a primary regulator of inflammatory response.

Purpose: Nuclear factor-κB activation is implicated in chronic inflammatory disorders and it is a key regulator of genes involved in the response to infection, inflammation and stress. Interstitial cystitis and painful bladder syndrome are common inflammatory disorders of the bladder characterized by frequent urination and bladder pain. The role of nuclear factor-κB activation in bladder inflammation is not well defined.Materials and Methods: Female transgenic nuclear factor-κB-luciferase Tag mice (The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine) were used to perform serial, noninvasive in vivo and ex vivo molecular imaging of nuclear factor-κB activation in the whole body after administering arsenic trioxide (5 mg/kg), lipopolysaccharide (2 mg/kg) or cyclophosphamide (Sigma®) (200 mg/kg) to initiate acute transient bladder inflammation. Pretreatment with dexamethasone (Sigma) (10 mg/kg) was used to modulate cyclophosphamide induced nuclear factor-κB dependent luminescence in vivo.Results: Treatment of nuclear ...
Using records from submarine, aircraft and satellites to evaluate climate model simulations of Arctic sea ice thickness

Abstract. Arctic sea ice thickness distributions from models participating in the World Climate Research Programme Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) are evaluated against observations from submarines, aircraft and satellites. While it is encouraging that the mean thickness distributions from the models are in general agreement with observations, the spatial patterns of sea ice thickness are poorly represented in most models. The poor spatial representation of thickness patterns is associated with a failure of models to represent details of the mean atmospheric circulation pattern that governs the transport and spatial distribution of sea ice. The climate models as a whole also tend to underestimate the rate of ice volume loss from 1979 to 2013, though the multimodel ensemble mean trend remains within the uncertainty of that from the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System. Although large uncertainties in observational products complicate model evaluations, these results raise concerns regarding the ability of CMIP5 models to realistically represent the processes driving the decline of Arctic sea ice and to project the timing of when a seasonally ice-free Arctic may become a reality.
Dramatic blooms of Prymnesium sp. and Alexandrium margalefii in the Salton Sea, California

In early 2006, unusual algal blooms of two species occurred in the Salton Sea, a large salt lake in southern California. In mid-January local residents reported bioluminescence in the Sea. Starting in February, large rafts of long-lasting foam, also bioluminescent, were observed as well. Microscopy investigations on water and sediment samples collected in March showed the marine dinoflagellate, Alexandrium margalefii, and the prymnesiophyte, Prymnesium sp., both previously unreported in the Salton Sea, to be abundant. Bioluminescence and foam production continued through March. Other dinoflagellate species, recorded during earlier studies, were rare or not detected during these blooms. Despite the fact that many Alexandrium species are known paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) producers, preliminary saxitoxin tests on this population of A. margalefii were negative. Previous reports on A. margalefii do not mention bioluminescence. It appears that the foam was caused by the Prymnesium sp. bloom, probably via protein-rich exudates and lysis of other algal cells, and its glow was due to entrained A. margalefii. This is the first report of A. margalefii in U.S. waters and the first report of it in a lake.
Locational Characteristics of American Resort Hotels

Resort-hotel location has diffused from the Northeast and Midwest to the Sunbelt and West. In 1985 there were approximately 834 resort hotels and 295,617 resort-hotel rooms in the United States. More than half of these rooms were located in just three states: Florida, Nevada, and Hawaii. The present distribution of resort-hotel rooms has been influenced by three periods in resort-hotel evolution. Until the early 20th century, resort hotels were in the tradition of the “Grand Hotel,” oriented toward natural resources in the East and Midwest and serving an elite clientele. Later in this period, elite resorts were also developed in the coastal Southeast and in the Southwest. A second, transitional period beginning in the 1920s accelerated construction of resort hotels in the Southwest and along the Southeastern coast. In the third period, post World War II mobility and affluence led to a revolution in resorthotel location and function. Resort hotels are now found in urban and suburban locations and have expa...
Alexander Hamilton's year

ALEXANDER HAMILTON'S PAPERS ON PUBLIC CREDIT, COMMERCE AND FINANCE. Edited by Samuel McKee, Jr., with an Introduction by J. Harvie Williams. New York: The Liberal Arts Press, 1957; pp. xiv +304. Cloth $3.50; paper $1.25. ALEXANDER HAMILTON READER: A COMPILATION OF MATERIALS BY AND COMMENTING ON HAMILTON. Selected and edited by Margaret Esther Hall. New York: Oceana Publications, 1957; pp. 257. Cloth $3.50; paper $1.00. ALEXANDER HAMILTON IN THE AMERICAN TRADITION. By Louis M. Hacker. New York: McGraw‐Hill, 1957; pp. xi+273. $4.75. ALEXANDER HAMILTON: YOUTH TO MATURITY 1755–1788. By Broadus Mitchell. New York: Macmillan, 1957; pp. xvi+675. $8.75. ALEXANDER HAMILTON AND THE FOUNDING OF THE NATION. Edited by Richard B. Morris. New York: The Dial Press, 1957; pp. xxi+617. $7.50. THE BASIC IDEAS OF ALEXANDER HAMILTON. Edited by Richard B. Morris. New York: Pocket Books, Inc., 1957; pp. xxvii+ 451. $0.35.
An endocrine disrupter increases growth and risky behavior in threespined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

There is considerable concern that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can affect wildlife and humans. While several studies have reported that acute exposure to EDCs can cause changes in reproductive traits, we are in the early stages of discerning whether such changes have significant deleterious fitness consequences. In this study, chronic exposure of threespined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to an environmentally relevant level of an EDC used in the birth control pill and post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy produced changes in growth and behavior that were related to fitness. Exposure to 100 ng/l ethinyl estradiol accelerated growth rate and increased levels of behavior that makes individuals more susceptible to predation (activity and foraging under predation risk). Moreover, the costs of exposure to ethinyl estradiol took their ultimate toll via mortality later in life, and were particularly high for females and for one population. The ecological approach taken in this work revealed heretofore unexamined effects of EDCs and has direct implications for the way we evaluate the impact of EDCs in the environment.
Magic: A Problem in Semantics

Anthropologists, from Tylor to the present, have so defined magic that, although it might shade into or overlap with religion, it is a separate phenomenon distinct from religion. Theorists have made different features the chief means of differentiation, but no matter how defined the distinction cannot be easily or consistently maintained. This paper suggests that the concept of magic as a distinct entity is the factitious result of ethnocentric classification, and that magic should be included within religion as one type of the practices of which religious ritual is composed.
Strategic inter-organizational environmentalism in the US: A multi-sectoral perspective of alternating eco-policy roles†

During the last several decades, numerous policies and programs intended to advance environmental goals have been formulated in the US by governmental bodies and implemented by businesses and nongovernmental organizations. This article forwards a multi-sectoral perspective that business and nonprofit organizations have also been significantly involved in environmental policy and program formulation, as well as implementation, and that governments have also fulfilled the latter strategic role in US environmental policy. In this article, nine US environmental initiatives are described and categorized according to which of the three sectors' organizations were significant formulators of the programs and which were significant implementors. Implications for future research include investigation of other environmental dyadic program combinations in addition to those presented, extension of the present analysis beyond dyads into environmental policy networks, inclusion of the strategic environmental program evaluation stage to complement formulation and implementation and exploration of effectiveness variables in cross-sectoral, inter-organizational collaborations. Implications for educators and practitioners are also presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment.
ASSESSMENT OF AEROSOL CONTAINMENT ON THE ELITE FLOW CYTOMETER

Biohazardous aerosols generated during cell sorting have been of increased concern recently because of interest in sorting specimens containing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Current flow cytometers have features designed to contain such aerosols within the sorting chamber, but the efficacy of these features has not been established. Therefore, we tested aerosol containment by two ELITE flow cytometers (Coulter Cytometry, Inc., Hialeah, FL) during sorting of specimens containing high titers of bacteriophage. Agar plates confluent with susceptible Escherichia coli were used to detect infectious units released from the sorting chamber. Under recommended operating conditions very few infectious units were released from the sorting chambers. Release increased when the center stream was not optimally collected in a vacuum-exhausted tube or the chamber door was not completely closed. Failure of the negative pressure and high efficiency particle air (HEPA) filtration features had less of an effect. The data indicate that these standard safety features provide a rational expectation of safety for the flow cytometry operator. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Characterization of recombinant ELMOD (cell engulfment and motility domain) proteins as GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) for ARF family GTPases.

The ARF family of regulatory GTPases, within the RAS superfamily, is composed of ∼30 members in mammals, including up to six ARF and at least 18 ARF-like (ARL) proteins. They exhibit significant structural and biochemical conservation and regulate a variety of essential cellular processes, including membrane traffic, cell division, and energy metabolism; each with links to human diseases. We previously identified members of the ELMOD family as GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) for ARL2 that displayed crossover activity for ARFs as well. To further characterize the GAP activities of the three human ELMODs as GAPs we developed new preparations of each after overexpression in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells. This allowed much higher specific activities and enhanced stability and solubility of the purified proteins. The specificities of ELMOD1–3 as GAPs for six different members of the ARF family were determined and found to display wide variations, which we believe will reveal differences in cellular functions of family members. The non-opioid sigma-1 receptor (S1R) was identified as a novel effector of GAP activity of ELMOD1–3 proteins as its direct binding to either ELMOD1 or ELMOD2 resulted in loss of GAP activity. These findings are critical to understand the roles of ELMOD proteins in cell signaling in general and in the inner ear specifically, and open the door to exploration of the regulation of their GAP activities via agonists or antagonists of the S1R. Background: ELMOD proteins are atypical GAPs for the ARF family with links to deafness. Results: ELMOD proteins have distinct specific activities for ARF proteins and bind the non-opioid sigma-1 receptor. Conclusion: Different specific activities of ELMOD1–3 are predicted to underlie different cellular functions. Significance: Specificities and regulation of ELMODs contribute to understanding their roles in cell signaling and the inner ear.
Transport overshoot during biotin uptake by Saccharomyces cerevisaie

Biotin permeation into non-proliferating cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (JB 112), which requires biotin, adenine, adn tryptophan for growth, was determined by liquid scintillation spectrophotometry of the radioactive vitamin retained by the cells. After a large concentration difference of intracellular to extracellular biotin was generated, the accumulated biotin flowed out of the cells. This phenomenon was designated as overshoot and was investigated further. The outflow of biotin was not due to the breakdown of cellular permeability barriers nor was the rate temperature or pH dependent. Efflux did, however, follow first-order kinetics. Some factors which might alter biotin permeability were tested; these experiments indicated that (a) another protein component of transport was not synthesized during the course of uptake and (b) general cellular metabolism did not affect the onset of overshoot. Cells incubated without biotin retained uptake capacity while the presence of biotin in the incubation medium caused a 50% decrease in the initial rate of uptake after 40 min. Thus the active accumulation of biotin was inhibited by biotin of the intracellular pool in the yeast. This transinhibition of uptake and the continued efflux of intracellular biotin results in an overshoot effect.
In Quest of Learning-Teaching Excellence: A Viewpoint

Quality of teaching is so intangible that it is often difficult to recognize, measure, and reward. Outstanding instruction for one student may be miserable instruction for another. Techniques that motivate and excite one student may leave another unmoved. Both the student and the teacher sense and know when learning-teaching situations have been effective. But they are hard pressed to identify how those situations differ from ineffective situations. The changing student-teacher and faculty-administrator relationships and attitudes have affected the learning-teaching environment in universities. In this note, I discuss learning-teaching objectives and the present learning-teaching environment's impact on learning-teaching in agricultural economics.
Fast recursive algorithm for broadband APFs using complex cepstrums

Integrated-optical All-Pass Filters are of interest for their potential compactness and economy of production. For broadband applications, the number of APFs involved can be as large as 50. To find optima for all the large number of parameters involved, we need a fast and efficient algorithm based on recursive equations. APF design algorithms based on complex cepstrum are proposed in digital signal processing. In this paper, we enhance these algorithms to efficiently fit the differential phase profile required for in-line broadband Polarization Mode Dispersion and Polarization Dependent Loss compensation.
SIRT6 Puts Cancer Metabolism in the Driver's Seat

The rewiring of metabolism in cancer is thought to result from hyperactivation of signaling pathways that instruct cells to grow. Sebastian et al. show that loss of the tumor suppressor SIRT6 transforms cells by activating tumor metabolism. This occurs independently of mutations in canonical growth signaling pathways and reveals a tumorigenic role for cancer metabolism.
Comparison of glutathione S-transferase activity in the rat and birds: Tissue distribution and rhythmicity in chicken (Gallus domesticus) liver

1. 1. Mature, male chickens, Bobwhite quail, and rats differed with respect to glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the kidney, duodenum and testis, but species differences were not observed in the liver. 2. 2. GST activity was present in the heart, spleen, liver, duodenum, kidney, testis, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, optic tecta, and medulla oblongata of chickens with differences in tissues and breeds. 3. 3. Renal GST activity was higher in female chickens, whereas enzyme activity in the brain was higher in males. 4. 4. Hepatic GST activity fluctuated about a mean of 784 nmol min−1 with a 12 hr periodicity which was not a feeding phenomenon. 5. 5. The results demonstrate that GST activity occurs in diverse tissues of the chicken and Bobwhite quail with Kidney > liver > duodenum > testis, compared to testis > liver > duodenum > kidney in the rat. Hepatic GST activity exhibits an ultradian periodicity.
Evidence for an atmosphere on Io

Abstract Photometric observations of eclipse reappearances of Jupiter I and II were made in 1962–1964 to search for a possible anomalous brightening of the satellite after eclipse. A brightening, if present, would suggest a frost or snow deposit or a haze layer caused by a surface temperature drop during eclipse. In each of four cases of JI eclipse reappearances a brightness anomaly was indeed observed, having an average value of 0.09 stellar magnitudes. The anomaly decayed in about 15 min. A single observation of JII showed no anomaly.
The Fundamental Relationships Between Grain Orientation, Deformation-Induced Surface Roughness and Strain Localization in an Aluminum Alloy

Abstract Polycrystalline AA6022 tensile specimens were cut from sheet stock, mechanically polished, and uniaxially strained in situ under a scanning laser confocal microscope (SLCM) using a sub-sized universal testing apparatus. Prior to deformation, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was performed on the gauge sections of one specimen in the rolling direction of the sheet and one in the transverse direction. Maps of the largest displacements in the surface morphology were constructed from the SLCM data and overlaid onto maps derived from the crystallographic orientation data to examine the strength of the influence that grain orientation effects have on critical strain localization. The roles of Taylor factors, grain boundary misorientation, largest Schmid factors, grain sizes, coincident site lattice orientations, and local grain breakup were considered. The largest surface displacements were observed to be concentrated at triple junctions where there is a large difference between the Taylor factors of the individual grains. The high degree of correlation between the density and location of these large surface displacements and the local plasticity conditions indicate that a critical localization event is most likely to initiate in grain boundary regions where unfavorable slip interactions produce the largest plastic strains.
Antibody properties for chemically reversible biosensor applications

Abstract A recently reported fiber-optic sensor based on a homogeneous fluorescence energy-transfer immunoassay operates in a continuous, reversible manner to quantify the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin (5,5-diphenylhydantoin). The chemical kinetics of the two simultaneous antibody-hapten (analyte) and antibody-hapten (labeled indicator) reactions in the sensor are now modeled mathematically. Simulation shows that the chemical response time is controlled by the dissociation rate constant and is independent of the association rate constant, and that an equalibrium chemical response can be achieved in minutes. The sensitivity and dynamic range of the analyte concentration which can be measured depends on the ratio of dissociation rate constants for the labeled and unlabeled hapten reactions, and on the total concentration of reactants in the sensor. The relative concentration ratios of antibody to labeled hapten has little impact on the sensitivity or dynamic range of the system, but can be optimized to provide the maximum amount of labeled hapten availble for instrumental measurement.
The Virtual Patchwork Quilt: A Qualitative Feminist Research Method

This article presents an application and expansion of the patchwork quilt metaphor for qualitative research. Building upon work by Saukko, I constructed a virtual quilt out of participant interviews. Participants were interviewed about “unlabeled” sexual experiences. Transcripts were analyzed using the Listening Guide, “sewn” into individual patches, and combined into a larger patchwork. This project is a prototype, and is intended to represent one possibility for presenting and organizing research on the Internet. Although the quilt was developed while researching young women’s sexual experiences, it can be used to study many different content areas.
Determination of the cooling capacity for body ventilation system

Body ventilation systems (BVS) are effective in reducing heat strain, but the amount of heat that a BVS removes from a human body is unclear. The purpose of this study was to propose a method for quantifying BVS cooling capacity using manikin evaluation and modeling. Cooling capacity was calculated as the product of maximum cooling potential and cooling efficiency. The maximum cooling potential is calculated as the difference in enthalpy between the air entering and exiting the BVS where the outlet air temperature is equal to skin temperature with a relative humidity of 100%. The cooling efficiency, defined as a ratio of the cooling capacity to the maximum cooling potential, can be determined through measurements on sweating thermal manikins. A BVS system was evaluated on a manikin with the ventilation fan ON (flow rate 4.7 L/s) or OFF under eleven ambient conditions. The measured cooling efficiencies were 0.31 ± 0.02 and almost constant. Using this cooling efficiency, the BVS cooling capacities at various skin temperature and ambient conditions were estimated. This two-step approach can be used to quantify BVS cooling effectiveness during physiology studies. First, the cooling efficiency is determined on sweating thermal manikins. Second, the cooling capacity is calculated from the skin temperature, ambient temperature and relative humidity. However, various factors may reduce the actual cooling provided by the BVS, and the calculated cooling capacity should be considered the upper limit for cooling.
Mesonephroid carcinoma of the ovary: A study of 95 cases from the Emil Novak Ovarian Tumor Registry

Abstract Ninety-five cases of mesonephroma of the ovary from the Emil Novak Ovarian Tumor Registry were examined in order to better delineate the clinicopathologic features of this tumor. The majority of patients were in the perimenopausal age group and 51% were nulliparous. Of the 95 patients 68% had tumor confined to the ovary (F.I.G.O. Stage I), in 19% tumor was limited to the pelvis (Stage II), 11.6% had widespread abdominal metastases (Stage III), and only one patient had extra-abdominal extension at the time of initial evaluation (Stage IV). Five-year survival was 43% overall, 63% Stage I, 17% Stage II, and no survivors in Stages III or IV. Salvage in Stage I cases was not affected by histologic grade, stromal proliferation, relative percentage of “clear cells,” or extent of surgery (total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy vs unilateral adnexectomy). Endometriosis was demonstrated in only 9.5% of cases and ascites was seen in 8.4%. The authors believe the tumor to be of mesothelial origin and propose that it be called mesonephroid carcinoma of the ovary.
Multidimensional scaling of rorschach inkblots: Relationships with structured self-report

Abstract This study attempted a replication of previous multidimensional scaling (MDS) results concerning the most salient perceptual features of the Rorschach inkblots. A second purpose was the investigation of the relationships between individual S 's relative reliance on these salient features, and personality characteristics as assessed by the Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI). The two-dimension solution obtained in previous research, involving inkblot color and twomess of form, was closely replicated. Only very low correlations between S s' use of these dimensions, and personality characteristics as measured by the JPI, were obtained. The MDS-Rorschach approach may prove useful in delimiting peculiarities of attention and perception in clinical states. The usefulness of the approach in furthering study of personality constructs assessed through traditional Rorschach administration is currently in question.
Spanwise Variation in Circulation and Drag of Wings at Moderate Reynolds Number

The measurement and prediction of the aerodynamic performance of airfoils and wings at chord Reynolds numbers below 105 are both difficult and increasingly important in the application to small-scale aircraft. Not only are the aerodynamics strongly affected by the dynamics of the unstable laminar boundary layer, but the flow is decreasingly likely to be two-dimensional as the Reynolds number decreases. The spanwise variation of the nominally two-dimensional flow along a two-dimensional geometry is often held to be responsible for the large variations in the measured profile drag coefficient cd at this scale. Here, local two-dimensional drag coefficients are measured along a finite wing using nonintrusive particle image velocimetry methods. Variations in cd(y) can be related to local flow variations on the wing itself. Integrated values can then be compared with direct force balance data, and the dynamical significance of spanwise variability will be reevaluated.
Direct assessment of the cognitive correlates of attention deficit disorders with and without hyperactivity

The cognitive functioning of children identified as attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADD/H) was compared to that of children identified as attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity (ADD/WO). Based on information on symptoms supplied by teachers, 20 ADD/H and 15 ADD/ WO children were selected according to DSM-III criteria from a large elementaryschool learning disabilities and behavior disorders population. For comparison purposes, 16 normal children from regular classrooms were also selected. Children from all three groups were evaluated with a battery of cognitive tests. Intelligence test scores differentiated the two ADD groups, with the ADD/H children obtaining significantly lower Full Scale IQ scores than both ADD/WO and control children. In addition, ADD/H children obtained significantly lower Verbal IQ scores than ADD/WO children. Both ADD groups performed more poorly than controls on Spelling and Reading Achievement, and the ADD/WO group performed more poorly on Math Achievement. The two ADD groups took longer to complete six Stroop and rapid naming tasks than the control groups but did not differ among themselves. The ADD/WO group made more errors on a visual matching task than the controls, but neither ADD group differed from controls on the accuracy of the Stroop tasks, rapid naming tasks, measures of receptive and expressive language, visual-motor integration, or sustained visual attention. The differences between the two ADD groups were fewer than expected on the basis of previous research and are more global than specific.
Memory-based neural networks for robot learning

Abstract This paper explores a memory-based approach to robot learning, using memory-based neural networks to learn models of the task to be performed. Steinbuch and Taylor presented neural network designs to explicitly store training data and do nearest neighbor lookup in the early 1960s. In this paper their nearest neighbor network is augmented with a local model network, which fits a local model to a set of nearest neighbors. This network design is equivalent to a statistical approach known as locally weighted regression, in which a local model is formed to answer each query, using a weighted regression in which nearby points (similar experiences) are weighted more than distant points (less relevant experiences). We illustrate this approach by describing how it has been used to enable a robot to learn a difficult juggling task.
A new and nondestructive technique for testing the cochlear toxicity of drugs.

Abstract An accurate and reliable method for testing the rat's hearing on a chronic basis has been developed. Anesthetized rats in a sound-dampened chamber were exposed to tone bursts at various frequencies and intensities, and the compound action potentials (CAP) of the auditory nerve were recorded by means of a transtympanic electrode. A visual detection threshold (VDT) for each frequency was established and used to produce an electrocochleogram (ECOG). Naive rats were subjected to several electrocochleographic tests by this method without evidencing any lasting visible structural damage or significant changes in their recorded ECOGs. The condition of rats treated with kanamycin was followed with periodic tests, and their electrocochleographic patterns were compared with those of untreated control rats. At the end of the experiments all rats were sacrificed and their inner ears were examined histologically. Histologically detected damage correlated well with the observed electrocochleographic changes. Kanamycin toxicity followed the well-established pattern of destroying outer hair cells beginning in the basal turn of the cochlea and later destroying the remaining sensory cells. This pattern caused the animals to lose their high-frequency hearing first and later to become almost totally deaf.
Cardiac function during laparoscopic vs open gastric bypass.

BACKGROUND: Hypercarbia and increased intraabdominal pressure during prolonged pneumoperitoneum can adversely affect cardiac function. This study compared the intraoperative hemodynamics of morbidly obese patients during laparoscopic and open gastric bypass (GBP). METHODS: Fifty-one patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 40-60 kg/m2 were randomly allocated to undergo laparoscopic (n = 25) or open (n = 26) GBP. Cardiac output (CO), mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP), pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), central venous pressure (CVP), heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded at baseline, intraoperatively at 30-min intervals, and in the recovery room. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and stroke volume (SV) were also calculated. RESULTS: The two groups were similar in terms of age, weight, and BMI. Operative time was longer in the laparoscopic than in the open group (p < 0.05). The HR and MAP increased significantly from baseline intraoperatively, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. In the laparoscopic group, CO was unchanged after insufflation, but it increased by 5.3% at 2.5 h compared to baseline and by 43% compared to baseline in the recovery room. In contrast, during open GBP, CO increased significantly by 25% after surgical incision and remained elevated throughout the operation. CO was higher during open GBP than during laparoscopic GBP at 0.5 h and at 1 h after surgical incision (p < 0.05). During laparoscopic GBP, CVP, MPAP, and SVR increased transiently and PAWP remained unchanged. During open GBP, CVP, MPAP, and PAWP decreased transiently and SVR remained unchanged. There was no significant difference in the amount of intraoperative fluid administered during laparoscopic (5.5 +/- 1.6 L) and open (5.6 +/- 1.7 L) GBP. CONCLUSION: Prolonged pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic gastric bypass does not impair cardiac function and is well tolerated by morbidly obese patients.
Enhancement of Distillation Efficiency by Application of an Electric Field

The effects of an applied electric field on distillation were investigated using a laboratory-scale two-stage column. The electric field was applied in the liquid region between a distillation plat...
Lone Aortic Insufficiency and Conduction Disease: A Marker of Reactive Arthritis

A 48-year-old male with history of chronic arthritis and uveitis presented with 1 year of progressively reduced exercise capacity and nonexertional chest pain. Physical examination was consistent with severe aortic insufficiency. An electrocardiogram demonstrated sinus rhythm with first degree atrioventricular block. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated severe lone central aortic insufficiency of a trileaflet valve due to leaflet thickening, retraction of leaflet margins and mild aortic root dilation in the setting of left ventricular dilatation. In addition, computed tomographic angiography revealed a small focal aneurysm of the distal transverse arch. He was found to be positive for the immunogenetic marker HLA-B27. The patient subsequently underwent uncomplicated mechanical aortic valve replacement. The diagnosis of HLA-B27 associated cardiac disease should be entertained in any individual with lone aortic insufficiency, especially if accompanied by conduction disease.
The design of kodu: a tiny visual programming language for children on the Xbox 360

Kodu is a relatively new programming language designed specifically for young children to learn through independent exploration. Kodu seeks to lower the barrier to entry for new programmers by presenting a radically simplified programming model which nevertheless has significant expressive power. Kodu is integrated in a real-time 3D gaming environment and is designed to compete with modern console games in terms of intuitive user interface and graphical production values. In this paper we will review key tradeoffs made in the design of the programming language and illustrate how it is one of very few languages designed using user interface design principles and methodologies, to the extent that the blend of subjective and objective factors considered in the language design have succeeded in presenting a model of programming which is uniquely approachable and creatively empowering for non-technical users.