cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research of Single-Device Test Based on Relay Protection Simulation and Training System

This article put forward a Single-device test method based on the protection Tester and the relay simulation training system, and it takes advantage of the board as a real-time source, network sampling value message and GOOSE Subscribe publish using of Visual C + + programming language, which acts on the simulation of the actual protection device, the dynamic display logic process and the secondary circuit protection action signal and it is with the actual logic of the protection device. This article discusses the design of the simulation system, as well as virtual protection principle library brief simulation, the software uses a flexible, simulation results are accurate and reliable, clear and intuitive. It is available relay operating personnel training, so that by the trainees can go deep into protection device internal device deep principle.
Convulsions in tuberous sclerosis controlled byelimination of impulses originating in the basal ganglia

Summary Control of major and minor seizuresin a 10-year-old boy with tuberous sclerosis is reported. In conjunction with roentgenographic studies a striatal focus was located by depth electroencephalography, and circumscribed lesions were produced in this area and the corresponding ansa lenticularis. The recording as well as the coagulating electrodes were inserted by means of the steroencephalotome. The practical and theoretical implications of these observations are discussed.
Evaluation of metaphase association patterns for acrocentric chromosomes in the order Cetacea.

Acrocentric chromosomes in metaphase cells of tursiops truncatus (the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin) are analyzed for satellite association and nonrandom distribution patterns. Both of these phenomena have been reported for other mammalian orders and we have previously observed them in other species of the order Cetacea. Visual examination of T. truncatus cells confirms that the acrocentric chromosomes variably display satellites and that end-to-end and rosette-like satellite associations involving these chromosomes occur in a majority of the cells. Statistical analyses of the data reveal definite associations patterns which are restricted to the acrocentric chromosomes. Further evaluation also suggests that these pairs do not participate equally in the associations and that involvement of specific acrocentric chromosomes varies among different individuals.
The effects of high magnetic fields on the isothermal dissolution and growth rates of Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 · 6H2O and KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O seed crystals

Abstract A homogeneous magnetic fiels H increases both the isothermal rates of dissolution and growth R of a paramagnetic seed crystal Fe(NH 4 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 · 6H 2 O(I) in isothermal experiments. The magnitude of the increasement of R at 140 kOe and 292 ±0.05 °K is equivalent to the effect produced by a change of temperature of about 1 °K. For similar conditions the diamagnetic AlK-(SO 4 ) 2 · 12H 2 O(II) seed crystal did not show any measurable magnetic effect. The maximum value of R H of the vectors perpendicular to (001), (110) and (210) is at an angle of about 40–60° relative to H and the field dependence shows a magnetic saturation effect which for (110) perpendicular to H occurs at about 60 kOe. The presence of field gradients of 1 kOe/cm at 84 KOe reduces the increased rate of growth produced by the magnetic field. A similar reduction of the increased rate of growth or dissolution produced by H occurs at high values of supersaturation. The thermodynamic shift of the crystallization temperature produced by H corresponds to 3.5 × 10 -2 °K and is too small to explain the observed effect.
Coding of gustatory information in the pontine parabrachial nuclei of the rabbit: temporal patterns of neural response.

As an extension of the analysis of magnitude of response to gustatory stimuli in the parabrachial nuclei5, this study sought to determine to what extent time course of neural response coded information about taste quality. A principal components analysis and stepwise discriminant analysis were used to evaluate stimulus-related differences in time course of response. Temporal patterns of response over an 8.192 s period to the 4 basic types of taste stimuli were discriminated from one another at about twice chance level. The discrimination of different qualities of taste by time course exceeded discrimination of different intensities of the stimuli. Analysis of time course restricted to the first 2.048 s of response again revealed significant overall differentiation of the stimuli, but only NaC1 and sucrose were individually discriminated. Temporally coded information about gustatory stimuli, particularly in terms of onset characteristics of response, appeared inadequate for perceptual differentiation of taste quality. Such coding might, however, complement an across-neuron spatial pattern code for taste quality in simplifying the decoding of taste input for control of reflexive responses that entail a more inclusive classification of taste stimuli.
GaAs/AlGaAs electro-optic modulator with bandwidth >40 GHz

A high speed GaAs/AlGaAs travelling wave Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator has been fabricated. The device uses a novel slow wave electrode design to achieve phase velocity matching and has a measured electrical bandwidth > 40 GHz.
The crossing function and its application to zig-zag tool paths

Abstract In zig-zag paths, which are used to sweep planar areas in applications such as machining and surveillance, the number of switch-backs in the path is a major contributor to cutting time. We develop algorithms to pick the direction in which a zig-zag path on a polygon will have the minimum number of switch-backs. We introduce the concept of a crossing function of a two-dimensional contour, which is a measure of how many times a finely pitched set of parallel raster-lines at some angle intersects with the contour. We show that minimizing the crossing-function minimizes the number of switch-backs. We then show that for polygons, the crossing-function is minimized at a finite set of orientations parallel to the edges of the polygon. We show that the problem of minimizing the crossing function can be reduced to minimizing the width of an equivalent convex polygon, and develop an algorithm that takes n log (n) time for an n-sided polygon. Finally, we discuss how these algorithms are useful in machining.
Simple Simulations of DNA Condensation

Molecular dynamics simulations of a simple, bead-spring model of semiflexible polyelectrolytes such as DNA are performed. All charges are explicitly treated. Starting from extended, noncondensed conformations, condensed structures form in the simulations with tetravalent or trivalent counterions. No condensates form or are stable for divalent counterions. The mechanism by which condensates form is described. Briefly, condensation occurs because electrostatic interactions dominate entropy, and the favored coulombic structure is a charge-ordered state. Condensation is a generic phenomenon and occurs for a variety of polyelectrolyte parameters. Toroids and rods are the condensate structures. Toroids form preferentially when the molecular stiffness is sufficiently strong.
Video observation to map hand contact and bacterial transmission in operating rooms

Background Hand hygiene (HH) is considered a primary intervention to avoid transmission of bacteria in health care settings and to prevent health care-associated infections. Despite efforts to decrease the incidence of health care-associated infections by improving HH, HH compliance rates vary widely depending on the hospital environment. Methods We used intraoperative video observation to map temporal patterns of anesthesia provider hand contact with anesthesia work environment (AWE) surfaces and to assess HH compliance. Serial bacterial cultures of high contact objects were subsequently used to characterize bacterial transmission over time. Results Using World Health Organization criteria, we found a large number of HH opportunities and a low rate of HH compliance by anesthesia providers (mean, 2.9%). We observed an inverse correlation between provider hand hygiene compliance during induction and emergence from anesthesia (3.2% and 4.1%, respectively) and the magnitude of AWE surface contamination (103 and 147 CFU, respectively) at these time points. We found no correlation between frequency of hand contact with the AWE and bacterial contamination. Conclusions Compliance with current HH recommendations by anesthesia providers is not feasible. However, there does appear to be a correlation between HH compliance rates and bacterial contamination of the AWE, an observation that should stimulate further work to design new methods for control of bacterial transmission in operating rooms.
Temperature-aware Task Partitioning for Real-Time Scheduling in Embedded Systems

Both power and heat density of on-chip systems are increasing exponentially with Moore's Law. High temperature negatively affects reliability as well the costs of cooling and packaging. In this paper, we propose task partitioning as an effective way to reduce the peak temperature in embedded systems running either a set of periodic heterogeneous tasks with common period or periodic heterogeneous tasks with individual period. For task sets with common period, experimental results show that our task partitioning algorithms is able to reduce the peak temperature by as much as $5.8^oC$ as compared to algorithms that only use task sequencing. For task sets with individual period, EDF scheduling with task partitioning can also lower the peak temperature, as compared to simple EDF scheduling, by as much as $6^oC$. Our analysis indicates that the numbers of additional context switches (overhead) is less than $2$ per task, which is tolerable in many practical scenarios.
Desending and intrinsic inputs to dorsal cochlear nucleus of cats: A horseradish peroxidase study

Abstract Horseradish peroxidase was injected unilaterally into the dorsal cochlear nucleus of adult cats in efforts to find neurons innervating the dorsal cochlear nucleus from (1) higher auditory nuclei or (2) other subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus. Following horseradish peroxidase injections and short survival periods, reactive neurons were most common in the dorsal and ventral nuclei of the lateral lemniscus and in the superior olivary complex of both sides of the brain stem. In the superior olivary complex, most neurons of the medial segment and border cells of the lateral segment reacted as did periolivary cells of the ventrolateral, dorsomedial, and preolivary areas, but not in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. Hilus neurons of the lateral superior olive reacted contralateral to the injection site. Although inferior colliculus neurons contained lightly stained granules bilaterally, more reactive neurons (including unusually large tripolar neurons) contained heavily stained granules in the contralateral colliculus. Intrinsic reactive neurons mainly included ipsilateral octopus cells, multipolar neurons of the nerve root regions, and stellate cells of the more rostra] anteroventral cochlear nucleus. All findings were confirmed by comparison to control animals. Our findings of specific neuronal types projecting to the cat dorsal cochlear nucleus suggest a relatively greater input from the nuclei of the lateral lemnisci of both sides than previously believed. Also, our results showed an unusually heavy input from the nearby superior olivary complex to the dorsal cochlear nucleus as well as inputs from specific cell types of the ipsilateral antero- and postero-ventral cochlear nucleus. By correlating these findings with those of other types of studies, we concluded that (1) too much emphasis has been placed upon inputs to the dorsal cochlear nucleus from the inferior colliculus relative to the descending pontine inputs and that (2) a new circuit involving the ventral cochlear nucleus, the dorsal cochlear nucleus and the medial superior olive may provide binaural information to large dorsal cochlear nucleus cells that terminate in their own unique areas of higher auditory nuclei.
Visualization and in situ analysis of leukocyte trafficking into the ankle joint in a systemic murine model of rheumatoid arthritis

Objective To describe the kinetics of leukocyte migration into a distal joint during the development of chronic inflammation in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), to identify leukocyte subpopulations recruited in the synovial vessels, and to test in real time the effects of an antiinflammatory compound on leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions in the arthritic joint. Methods We used intravital video microscopy (IVM), which was adapted to the microcirculation of the mouse ankle, to monitor the kinetics of leukocyte–endothelium interactions (rolling and firm adhesion) during the onset and progression of proteoglycan-induced arthritis (PGIA), a chronic autoimmune model of RA. Subpopulations of rolling and adherent leukocytes were identified by in vivo immunostaining. Leukocyte extravasation into the ankle joint was verified histologically. Results Between the onset of arthritis and the beginning of the destructive phase of PGIA, we found a steady increase in the number of leukocytes that exhibited firm adherence to the endothelium of synovial vessels, which clearly underscores the chronic, self-perpetuating character of joint inflammation in this autoimmune model. We showed, however, that granulocytes, and not T cells, constituted the major cell population that was continuously recruited to the inflamed ankle. Using IVM, we could detect instant changes in leukocyte adhesion behavior in the synovial vessels of the arthritic joint upon administration of a compound that antagonizes leukocyte rolling. Conclusion IVM of the microcirculation of the mouse ankle could become an essential tool for investigating the mechanisms that regulate leukocyte migration to the joint in systemic models of RA as well as for preclinical testing of antiinflammatory therapies.
Information About the Fat Content of Preloads Influences Energy Intake in Healthy Women

Abstract Objective This study tested the hypothesis that the perceived fat content of a preload (a required first course) influences subsequent food and energy intake. Subjects and design Forty-eight healthy, nondieting women (24 restrained, 24 unrestrained) were given a fixed amount (350g) of three different yogurts (low-fat, low-calorie; low-fat, high-calorie; high-fat, high-calorie), or no yogurt, followed by lunch (30minutes after the yogurt preload was served) and dinner (4.5 hours later). Each subject was tested in all four conditions in a counterbalanced design. Half of the subjects received accurate information, in the form of a label, about the fat content of the yogurts, which did not necessarily correspond to energy content; the other half received no information. Analyses Energy intake, the percentage of macronutrients in the meals, and subjective sensations of hunger and satiety were analyzed. Results No effect of restraint was noted in the intake analyses. A significant information-by-preload interaction ( P Conclusions Messages about the fat content of a food can influence energy intake in healthy women. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995; 95:993-998.
The adult “paraplegic” rat: treatment with cell graftings

Spinal cord injury often results in irreversible and permanent neurologic deficits below the lesion level. Nowadays, treatment is limited to drugs and/or physiotherapy aimed at compensating disability. New experimental studies focus on the transplantation of cells capable of surviving, regenerating tissue, recovering functions and/or improving symptoms. A review of such type of studies on spinal cord reconstruction published between 1991 and 2004 is presented. In the latter years, cell transplantation appeared as the most promising approach in spinal cord regeneration research. To date, this promise has not been maintained, despite the appearance of new attractive cell populations for grafting, such as neural stem cells. The demonstration that stem cells exist in the adult brain and that they can be isolated and expanded in vitro offers the possibility to test such interesting cells in the paraplegic rat. Some neurotrophic factors can facilitate axonal regeneration and neuronal survival. Therefore, the development of strategies, such as implanting neural stem cells engineered to secrete neurotrophic factors directly in the lesion site, could be important to promote regeneration in the injured spinal cord. Despite all the strategies used till now, the problem of the paraplegic rat remains. Only the solution of such problem will authorize studies in higher mammals and, finally, the clinical application in human patients. The paraplegic adult rat with a T8 spinal cord transection should be considered the standard experimental model to be used in spinal cord reconstruction studies. Function and anatomic results are undisputed only after spinal cord transection.
Dual effects of 5-HT(1a) receptor activation on breathing in neonatal mice.

Inhibitory 5-HT1a receptors are located on serotonin (5-HT) neurons (autoreceptors) as well as neurons of the respiratory network (heteroreceptors). Thus, effects on breathing of 5-HT1a agonists, such as (R)-(+)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), could either be due to decreased firing of 5-HT neurons or direct effects on the respiratory network. Mice in which the transcription factor LMX1B is genetically deleted selectively in Pet1-1-expressing cells (Lmx1bf/f/p) essentially have complete absence of central 5-HT neurons, providing a unique opportunity to separate the effect of activation of downstream 5-HT1a heteroreceptors from that of autoreceptors. We used rhythmically active medullary slices from wild-type (WT) and Lmx1bf/f/p neonatal mice to differentiate autoreceptor versus heteroreceptor effects of 8-OH-DPAT on hypoglossal nerve respiratory output. 8-OH-DPAT transiently increased respiratory burst frequency in Lmx1bf/f/p preparations, but not in WT slices. This excitation was abolished when synaptic inhibition was blocked by GABAergic/glycinergic receptor antagonists. Conversely, after 10 min of application, frequency in Lmx1bf/f/p slices was not different from baseline, whereas it was significantly depressed in WT slices. In WT mice in vivo, subcutaneous injection of 8-OH-DPAT produced similar biphasic respiratory effects as in Lmx1bf/f/p mice. We conclude that 5-HT1a receptor agonists have two competing effects: rapid stimulation of breathing due to excitation of the respiratory network, and delayed inhibition of breathing due to autoreceptor inhibition of 5-HT neurons. The former effect is presumably due to inhibition of inhibitory interneurons embedded in the respiratory network.
Interparticle Forces Between the Upper and Lower Particles in a Vertically Aligned Dust Particle Chain

Summary form only given. Complex plasmas are known to exist in a variety of natural and laboratory environments. Within an experimentally produced complex plasma such as that found in a GEC rf reference cell in a laboratory, it has been shown that dust particles often form two-, three-, or even longer particle chains, vertically aligned within the sheath. Of these, the two-particle chain remains the simplest structure. The interparticle (interlayer) interaction between upper and lower particles is of great interest and not yet completely understood. This paper discusses this interaction, providing data produced by perturbing such particle chains employing a modulated DC bias on the lower (powered) electrode. Using upper and lower particles having different masses (resulting in different charges), the resonant frequencies of each will be examined and analyzed.
Cross-Sector Partnerships to Address Social Issues: Challenges to Theory and Practice:

Project-based cross-sector partnerships to address social issues (CSSPs) occur in four “arenas”: business-nonprofit, business-government, government-nonprofit, and trisector. Research on CSSPs is multidisciplinary, and different conceptual “platforms” are used: resource dependence, social issues, and societal sector platforms. This article consolidates recent literature on CSSPs to improve the potential for cross-disciplinary fertilization and especially to highlight developments in various disciplines for organizational researchers. A number of possible directions for future research on the theory, process, practice, method, and critique of CSSPs are highlighted. The societal sector platform is identified as a particularly promising framework for future research.
Hypogammaglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia in neonates with ruptured omphaloceles and gastroschisis

Abstract Infants born with ruptured omphaloceles have significantly decreased levels of total serum proteins, albumin, immunoglobulin G, and transferrin. The most likely explanation of these findings is the loss of serum into amniotic fluid from the peritoneal surfaces of the exposed viscera. The data indicate that infants with ruptured omphaloceles require immediate serum protein assessment at birth to determine the need for albumin to improve tissue perfusion and gamma globulin to lessen the risks of sepsis.
"Piecemeal" necrosis: renamed troxis necrosis.

Piecemeal necrosis, currently called interface hepatitis, is a feature of viral hepatitis as well as autoimmune hepatitis and steatohepatitis. The mechanism of liver cell loss and piecemeal necrosis needs to be determined. We hypothesize that piecemeal necrosis in hepatitis is due to a piecemeal removal of hepatocyte cytoplasm by lymphocytic ingestion. To test this hypothesis, 61 consecutive liver biopsies were examined by light microscopy, by immunohistochemistry and by electron microscopy, and the lymphocytic-hepatocytic interaction was morphologically assessed. In cases of hepatitis C, hepatitis B, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and steatohepatitis, piecemeal necrosis was found. Using cytokeratin stains, it was apparent that the lymphocyte-hepatocyte interaction and piecemeal necrosis leads first to binding of the lymphocyte to hepatocyte plasma membrane and then blebbing or indentation of the hepatocyte by the lymphocyte, followed by endocytosis of liver cell cellular components and digestion in the lymphocyte lysosomes. This process is repeated while the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the hepatocyte disappear bite by bite, and only nubbins of residual hepatocytic cytoplasm remain, either attached to intact hepatocytes or surrounded and sequestered within scar tissue and lymphocytes. We conclude that piecemeal necrosis is a gradual disappearance of hepatocytes as a result of lymphocyte-hepatocyte binding and ligand internalization of liver surface molecules by the lymphocyte. This gradual process leads to a slow reduction of hepatocyte size and eventual disappearance at the interface between the lobule and portal tracts. To term this new kind of necrosis, we propose the name troxis necrosis, after the Greek noun meaning "nibbling."
Heat transfer to annular gas-liquid mixtures at reduced gravity

A series of fluid flow and heat transfer experiments was conducted for annular gas-liquid mixtures at reduced gravity aboard NASA's KC-135 aircraft. Air and two liquids, water and 50% aqueous glycerine, were used to produce a range of liquid Reynolds numbers from 1.4 x 10 to 1.4 x 10 in a 25.4-mm-i.d. tube. Pressure drop measurements compare reasonably well with the Lockhart and Martinelli and Wallis correlations. Film thickness measurements compare reasonably well with correlations derived from ground-based vertical annular flow data. The asymptotic Nusselt numbers for 50% glycerine compare well with a turbulent flat-film model, whereas the model overpredicts the water data. For both fluids at higher Reynolds numbers, the asymptotic Nusselt numbers follow a common dependence on Reynolds and Prandtl numbers, Nu = ARe"Pr.
Potential route for fetal therapy: Intramembranous absorption of intraamniotically injected furosemide

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether intraamniotically injected furosemide could be absorbed directly into fetal circulation by the ovine intramembranous pathway. STUDY DESIGN: Nine chronically catheterized fetal sheep, five with an intact and four with a surgically ligated esophagus, were studied for 7 hours on 2 consecutive days. Day 1 was a control day in which the fetal parameters of arterial, venous, and amniotic fluid pressures; heart rate; and urine flow were measured continuously. Fetal and maternal blood, amniotic fluid, and fetal urine were sampled for osmolality, electrolytes, blood gases, and pH twice during the first hour and hourly thereafter. On day 2, 15 mg of furosemide was injected into the amniotic cavity after 1 hour and fetuses were monitored in the same fashion as on the control day. RESULTS: On day 2, both intact and ligated fetuses demonstrated a rapid and prolonged increase in urine flow ( p p CONCLUSIONS: Diuresis after esophageal ligation demonstrates that furosemide is absorbed by the ovine intramembranous pathway.
VoIP: a debate over information service or telephone application in US: a new perspective in convergence era

As new voice-over-IP (VoIP) services rapidly emerge, a debate is growing over how the emerging technology fits into the traditional telecommunications regulation and industrial schemes. The debate on VoIP has been whether VoIP traffic should be subjected to any or all of the various common carrier regulations. VoIP sparked a regulatory debate whether it is phone call service, which will have a great impact on telecom industry's business or just information service. Because of the complexity of the issue, and the intent to let the premature technology grow, the FCC has so far taken a hands-off approach taking tentative assumption that VoIP is not a telecom service. Under the provisional hand-off approach, VoIP providers are exempt from rules that govern telecom services. However, traditional service providers argue that VoIP should be classified as a telecom service and take equal responsibilities as traditional voice calls. VoIP providers counter argue that incumbent telcos can easily dominate market driving VoIP providers out of the market. They request new legislation that protects the services from being hit with access charges from entrenched telco. This paper reviews the nature of these debates, outlines the challenges faced by regulators, briefly summarizes how other countries' views may have to adapt and offer new praxis that will benefit the consumers in the long run.
A self-powered wireless sensor node for structural health monitoring

We developed a self-powered wireless autonomous Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) sensor node using a Texas Instruments MSP430 evaluation board. The sensor node employs a PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) based impedance method, which saves power by eliminating a digital-to-analog-converter (DAC) for generation of an excitation signal and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for sensing the response. The sensor node wakes up at a predetermined interval, performs an SHM operation, and reports the result to the host computer wirelessly. The sensor node consumes only 0.3 J and is powered up by the energy harvested from vibrations, often available from infrastructures. The power management circuit integrated with a piezoelectric cantilever with the size of 50 mm x 31.8 mm generate up to 2.9 mW under 0.5g (rms) base acceleration, which is sufficient to run an SHM operation on every two minutes.
Drift mobilities of holes and electrons in naphthalene single crystals.

The drift mobilities of holes and electrons in very pure single crystals of naphthalene were experimentally determined by measurement of transit times of transient space-charge-limited currents. The room-temperature values are in general agreement with published data except for holes in the ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{c}}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ direction where a larger value of 0.99 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/V sec was measured. In the temperature range 220-300 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, the mobilities of holes and electrons were found to vary as ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}2.1}$ and ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}0.9}$, respectively, in the ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{c}}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ direction, while the mobility of holes was found to vary as ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}1.0}$ for the a crystal direction and as ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}0.8}$ for the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{b}}$ crystal direction. While these results are consistent with band calculations based on the tight-binding approximation, the mobilities of electrons in the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{a}}$ and $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{b}}$ crystal directions were found to be essentially independent of temperature, and hence cannot be accounted for by band theory. The experimental results are compared with predictions of the band and hopping models, and it appears that the transport mechanism is intermediate between these two modes of transport.
Broadband terahertz modulation based on reconfigurable metallic slits

We present a terahertz modulation scheme which employs reconfigurable metallic slits to achieve higher modulation depth and higher modulation bandwidth compared to the state-of-the art. The initial theoretical and experimental results promise feasibility of a terahertz modulation depth of more than 4.5 over a broad modulation bandwidth of 2THz.
New sources for social and demographic history: the Belgian population registers.

The authors assess the population registry system of La Hulpe Belgium using its base year records for 1846 and 1866. The accuracy of the reporting of age births deaths marriages and migration within and out of the commune is studied and the need for supplementing population registry data with data from other sources is illustrated. (ANNOTATION)
Energy minimization for linear envelope MRFs

Markov random fields with higher order potentials have emerged as a powerful model for several problems in computer vision. In order to facilitate their use, we propose a new representation for higher order potentials as upper and lower envelopes of linear functions. Our representation concisely models several commonly used higher order potentials, thereby providing a unified framework for minimizing the corresponding Gibbs energy functions. We exploit this framework by converting lower envelope potentials to standard pairwise functions with the addition of a small number of auxiliary variables. This allows us to minimize energy functions with lower envelope potentials using conventional algorithms such as BP, TRW and α-expansion. Furthermore, we show how the minimization of energy functions with upper envelope potentials leads to a difficult minmax problem. We address this difficulty by proposing a new message passing algorithm that solves a linear programming relaxation of the problem. Although this is primarily a theoretical paper, we demonstrate the efficacy of our approach on the binary (fg/bg) segmentation problem.
REACTIONS OF CHIRAL PHOSPHORUS ACID DIAMIDES: LEWIS ACID CATALYZED ADDITION TO IMINES AND OXIDATION WITH SnCl4

Abstract Lewis acid catalyzed addition of chiral phosphorus acid diamides to imines gave 1-aminophosphonamides in good yields and modest diastereoselectivity (up to 54%). Reaction of phosphorus acid diamide 1a with SnCl4 yielded a chlorophosphonamide. The crystal structure of the chlorophosphonamide, 2-chloro-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydro-1,3-bis-benzyl-1H-1,3,2-benzodiazaphosphole-2-oxide has been determined by X-ray diffraction.
Performance of inductively coupled oxygen sensors

We have designed an inductively coupled oxygen sensor suitable for operation at temperatures in the 500– 1000 C range. A prototype sensor has been fabricated on alumina substrates using screen printing. The sensor consists of an RLC resonant circuit where the oxygen-sensitive ZnO resistor varies the quality factor. Changes in the quality factor are measured using an admittance bridge coupled to the RLC circuit by a probe coil. We report here on optimization of the sensor design and we contrast the measured and predicted performance of the prototype sensor.
The psychophysics of chasing: A case study in the perception of animacy

Psychologists have long been captivated by the perception of animacy – the fact that even simple moving shapes may appear to engage in animate, intentional, and goal-directed movements. Here we report several new types of studies of a particularly salient form of perceived animacy: chasing, in which one shape (the ‘wolf’) pursues another shape (‘the sheep’). We first demonstrate two new cues to perceived chasing – chasing subtlety (the degree to which the wolf deviates from perfectly ‘heat-seeking’ pursuit) and directionality (whether and how the shapes ‘face’ each other). We then use these cues to show how it is possible to assess the objective accuracy of such percepts, and to distinguish the immediate perception of chasing from those more subtle (but nevertheless real) types of ‘stalking’ that cannot be readily perceived. We also report several methodological advances. Previous studies of the perception of animacy have faced two major challenges: (a) it is difficult to measure perceived animacy with quantitative precision; and (b) task demands make it difficult to distinguish perception from higher-level inferences about animacy. We show how these challenges can be met, at least in our case study of perceived chasing, via tasks based on dynamic visual search (the Find-the-Chase task) and a new type of interactive display (the Don’t-Get-Caught! task).
CDKL5 Regulates Flagellar Length and Localizes to the Base of the Flagella in Chlamydomonas

Two mutations in LF5, which encodes a protein kinase orthologous to human CDKL5, cause abnormally long flagella in Chlamydomonas. The localization of LF5p to the very proximal region of flagella in...
The ontogeny of supraneurals and neural arches in the cypriniform Weberian Apparatus (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)

Abstract A study of nine cyprinid and six catostomid species focused on the early ontogeny of supraneurals and neural arches of the Weberian apparatus. These elements chondrify during the mesolarval stage, and there is strong temporal correlation with chondrification of the dorsal-fin pterygiophores. Supraneurals 2 and 3 form from separate chondrification centers that subsequently coalesce. In some cyprinids and catostomids, Sn 2 is at first bilaterally paired. This observation demonstrates that supraneurals are not always unpaired, and provides circumstantial evidence that the paired claustra are homologous to Sn 1. Claustra in 14 of 15 species examined possessed at least a cartilage rudiment. No evidence was found to support the currently prevalent hypothesis that the claustra form from dissociated parts of the first neural arch.
conflicting Japanese interpretations of the outcaste problem (buraku mondai)

Everywhere in the modern world, traditional ideologies are being challenged by a new one, Marxian socialism. This paper seeks to understand the nature and significance of this ideological conflict by examining two opposing Japanese views on a major Japanese social problem, the social discrimination against outcastes (burakumin). The conflicting views of the Japanese government and the Marxist-oriented Outcaste Problem Research Institute (Buraku Mondai Kenkyujo) are presented and related to the class structure of contemporary Japan. The implications of the analysis for contemporary anthropology are discussed.
The IEP: The Ultimate Process:

As part of an extensive federally funded project, the authors directed teams of interviewers who questioned various levels of educational administrators, teachers, parents of handicapped children, support personnel, teacher-union leaders, and child advocates regarding critical aspects of the Individualized Education Program (IEP). The article synthesizes the impressions and insights gleaned from the interviews. Most respondents tended to view the IEP as a stable, fixed, potentially threatening product. The interview data suggested that if the IEP is to become an effective mechanism for improving the education for all handicapped children, it must be conceived of as a process and carried out as a process, not as a product alone.
Empowering expatriate nurses: Challenges and opportunities—a commentary

The use of media to tell stories about nurses’ roles and vulnerabilities as they cross countries and as they practice in different parts of the world is long overdue. Although this story about the Bulgarian nurses in Libya is compelling and must be exposed, there are many sides to nurses’ stories as they practice their profession globally. As well, it is important to remember that nurses are the largest health care work force internationally and that, historically, nurses have been global ever since Rufaida Al-Aslamia traveled with the prophet Muhammad to many parts of the Arabian Peninsula and Florence Nightingale joined those who were fighting in the Crimean War in Turkey to care for the English soldiers. When we think of nurses who leave their own countries to work in others as expatriates, we always remember the professors at the University of Alexandria. They came from the United States (US), Portugal, and Canada to help establish a baccalaureate education program and enhance the quality of nursing practice in Egypt. As students, we felt privileged to have these strangers in the land of Egypt, who, despite their limited knowledge about Egyptian culture, norms, values, and practices, did their utmost to educate us and prepare us for a career of scholarship, leadership, and quality care. They left their families, their colleagues, and their familiar environments to extend their reach and make a difference in a land that was foreign to them.
“Keepin' My Mind Right”: Identity Maintenance and Religious Social Support in the Prison Context

It is not uncommon for inmates to experience religious conversions in prison. These conversions allow inmates to portray themselves in a prosocial light and help them to establish a sense of control in their current lives, regardless of their past. Despite the value of these conversions, maintaining a new outlook of one's self is remarkably difficult. Using semistructured interviews with 63 inmates who had undergone a religious conversion, the authors examine the process that they engaged in to keep these new senses of self. The narratives suggest that they relied on various social support mechanisms to keep themselves focused and inspired. Specifically, they stressed the importance of connecting with positive others in formal and informal settings, sharing their stories with those in need, and reflecting on their daily choices. It is through these strategies that inmates keep the inspiration and focus to "keep their minds right."
Use of a partially coherent transmitter beam to improve the statistics of received power in a free-space optical communication system: theory and experimental results

Controlling the spatial coherence of the transmitted beam has been suggested as a means of improving the statistics of the received power in long-range free-space optical communications systems. We present an experiment demonstrating the concept of transmitting a partially spatial coherent beam through a turbulent path in a lab setting to overcome long-term dropouts in the received power. It is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that using a partially spatial coherent beam can decrease the scintillation index by ∼ 50% and the mean intensity in the simulation by ∼ 90% regardless of turbulence strength, when compared to the intensity of a fully coherent source in turbulence.
Examining Celebrity Fandom Levels and Its Impact on Destination Loyalty

Popular culture tourism refers to tourism induced by pop-culture including film, media, literature, and music. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among fandom, a pop-star event, and the country where the pop star resides, from a pop-star’s fans’ perspective. The study revealed fans with high scores on fandom variables exhibited a higher degree of loyalty toward a pop-star event and the destination, compared to lower fandom groups. This study will add significant academic value to the destination marketing literature, as there is a lack of literature on destination loyalty from the perspective of pop-star fans. Practically, study findings are expected to provide destination marketers with useful suggestions for targeting fans.
Software and Biological Evolvability: A Comparison Using Key Properties

Biological and software systems share a common property from evolution: they need to change and adapt to either a new environment or a new requirement. If the environment or requirement changes, those systems that have high evolvability will survive and others will be eliminated. The evolvability of a biological system has been widely studied and shown to be dependent on several properties: selforganization, modularity, gene duplication, gene robustness, and symbiosis. This position paper discusses the evolvability of a software system with respect to these properties. Our study shows that software systems share similar evolvability properties with biological systems. We conclude that studying and comparing the internal structures as well as the overall evolution process of these biological systems can help us understand software systems from a holistic ?product-lifecycle? perspective thereby helping us develop software systems with better evolvability traits.
Fuel cells in distributed generation

In the past the vertically integrated electric utility industry has not utilized distributed generation (DG) because it was viewed as competition to central station power production. This paper addresses the status of the developing fuel cell technologies, primarily a US perspective, and their application to various market areas within the context of DG.
A Temperature-Insensitive Third-Order Coupled-Resonator Filter for On-Chip Terabit/s Optical Interconnects

We design and demonstrate a temperature-insensitive third-order coupled-resonator filter in the silicon-on-insulator platform for on-chip terabit/s optical interconnects. Optimum filter design enables up to 21 flat-band filter channels with more than 10 dB through-port extinction, more than 0.75-nm 3-dB bandwidth, and less than 1-dB insertion loss. By overlaying a negative thermo-optic coefficient polymer cladding on top of the silicon device, the sensitivity of the filter performance to the ambient temperature variations is significantly reduced. Moreover, through careful balancing between the dispersion of the bandwidth and the thermal property of the filter, the redundant bandwidth of filter channels due to dispersion is employed as thermal guard bands. As a result, the filter can accommodate 21 wavelength-division-multiplexing channels with data rates up to 100 Gb/s per wavelength channel while providing sufficient thermal guard bands to tolerate more than ±15 °C temperature fluctuations in the on-chip environment.
Self-service and social media: Communication hierarchy and message diffusion in participatory media

The evolution of word-of-mouth communication has moved from the town crier of ancient days to the cutting edge of user-friendly mobile technology. To measure message propagation during major media events in recent history, this study compares communication transmissions fueled by the deaths of three pop icons, Elvis Presley, Princess Diana and Michael Jackson, in three eras: pre-web, Web 1.0 and Web 2.0. We explore how media and public responses have changed over time. The changes in message delivery and feedback modalities are also considered. To analyze this change, we present statistical data of news propagation versus time for television and Internet at the time of the activity spikes examined. We find that message propagation in all eras is well described by exponential growth. We find clear message transmission excess in the Web 2.0 era when corrected for increased consumer Internet penetration. Of particular note, as the efficiency propagation is increased, the propagation rate during the initial stages is so thoroughly pervasive that the subsequent growth rate is actually slower than earlier eras even as more people are reached. We conclude that emerging technologies have resulted in the reemergence of word-of-mouth as a dominant force in message diffusion to the masses.
Aztreonam Therapy for Serious Gram-Negative Bacillary Infections

Fifty episodes of gram-negative bacillary infection, including episodes of bacteremia, pneumonia, and skin and soft tissue, complicated urinary tract, and abdominal infections, were treated with aztreonam. Eighty-eight percent of patients were cured of their infection, including all nine patients with bacteremia and 15 of 17 patients with pneumonia. Thirty percent of all infections were caused by Pseudomonas, and all of these responded to treatment with aztreonam. A low incidence of toxicity and a high rate of efficacy make treatment with aztreonam as a single agent feasible. When gram-positive or anaerobic organisms were encountered or their presence in the infection was suspected, additional agents effective against these organisms were necessary for cure.
Analytics and Beliefs: Competing Explanations for Defining Problems and Choosing Allies and Opponents in Collaborative Environmental Management

Th e rationale for collaborative environmental management often hinges on two factors: fi rst, specialized training creates biased analytics that require multidisciplinary approaches to solve policy problems; second, normative beliefs among competing actors must be included in policy making to give the process legitimacy and to decide trans-scientifi c problems. Th ese two factors are tested as drivers of confl ict in an analysis of 76 watershed partnerships. Th e authors fi nd that analytical bias is a secondary factor to normative beliefs; that depicting the primary driver of confl ict in collaborative environmental management as between experts and nonexperts is inaccurate; that compared to the “life” and “physical” sciences, the social sciences and liberal arts have a stronger impact on beliefs and choice of allies and opponents; and that multiple measures are needed to capture the eff ect of analytical biases. Th e essay off ers lessons for public administrators and highlights the limitations and generalizations of other governing approaches.
Phenology of Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Minnesota June-bearing strawberries: comparison of sampling methods and habitats.

Abstract Field studies were conducted in southeastern Minnesota from 2000 to 2002 to determine the phenology of Lygus lineolaris in various habitats and to compare yellow and white sticky traps as a sampling method for adult L. lineolaris. Strawberry fields were sampled for L. lineolaris adults using yellow sticky traps, and nymphs were sampled using the standard white pan beat method. Adult L. lineolaris abundance in alfalfa, an adjacent fence-row, and a wooded habitat were also compared. The nonlinear relationship between cumulative trap catch and cumulative degree-days was modeled with a two-parameter cumulative Weibull function to predict early-season adult capture using yellow sticky traps. Adult L. lineolaris were detected in bearing-year strawberries at the onset of vegetative growth in all years. Yellow sticky traps caught significantly higher densities of adult L. lineolaris than white sticky traps. The Weibull model predicted 50% capture at 10 DD (>12.4°C), which corresponds to the vegetative st...