cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature Dependence of Jc for In Situ Superconductors

Many performance characteristics of in situ prepared superconducting materials look very favorable for use in large scale magnets in the 8 to 14 T range. The critical current density, 1 Jc, the strain tolerance,2 and the high ultimate tensile strength3 all look encouraging, and recently there have been substantial advances in the casting4 and drawing5 processes needed for large scale production. The purpose of the experiments reported here is to determine the temperature dependence of Jc in order to be able to predict the response of magnets when they are subjected to temperature excursions well above 4.2 K.
Tuning the Performance of Parallel Programs on NOWs Using Performance Analysis Tool

This paper presents the functionality and use of an off-line tool for performance analysis of parallel programs running on networks of workstations. The tool consists of a set of facilities used for instrumentation, monitoring, trace data processing and visualisation. It was applied to tune parallel programs implementing a lattice gas automata method and a travelling salesman problem solution with genetic algorithms. A study of how coupling or splitting messages could influence application’s performance in terms of communication overhead and load imbalance is presented.
Formal Verification of Curved Flight Collision Avoidance Maneuvers: A Case Study

Aircraft collision avoidance maneuvers are important and complex applications. Curved flight exhibits nontrivial continuous behavior. In combination with the control choices during air traffic maneuvers, this yields hybrid systems with challenging interactions of discrete and continuous dynamics. As a case study illustrating the use of a new proof assistant for a logic for nonlinear hybrid systems, we analyze collision freedom of roundabout maneuvers in air traffic control, where appropriate curved flight, good timing, and compatible maneuvering are crucial for guaranteeing safe spatial separation of aircraft throughout their flight. We show that formal verification of hybrid systems can scale to curved flight maneuvers required in aircraft control applications. We introduce a fully flyable variant of the roundabout collision avoidance maneuver and verify safety properties by compositional verification.
ACTH TREATMENT OF INFANTILE SPASMS: MECHANISMS OF ITS EFFECTS IN MODULATION OF NEURONAL EXCITABILITY

The efficacy of ACTH, particularly in high doses, for rapid and complete elimination of infantile spasms (IS) has been demonstrated in prospective controlled studies. However, the mechanisms for this efficacy remain unknown. ACTH promotes the release of adrenal steroids (glucocorticoids), and most ACTH effects on the central nervous system have been attributed to activation of glucocorticoid receptors. The manner in which activation of these receptors improves IS and the basis for the enhanced therapeutic effects of ACTH--compared with steroids--for this disorder are the focus of this chapter. First, a possible "common excitatory pathway," which is consistent with the many etiologies of IS and explains the confinement of this disorder to infancy, is proposed. This notion is based on the fact that all of the entities provoking IS activate the native "stress system" of the brain. This involves increased synthesis and release of the stress-activated neuropeptide, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), in limbic, seizure-prone brain regions. CRH causes severe seizures in developing experimental animals, as well as limbic neuronal injury. Steroids, given as therapy or secreted from the adrenal gland upon treatment with ACTH, decrease the production and release of CRH in certain brain regions. Second, the hypothesis that ACTH directly influences limbic neurons via the recently characterized melanocortin receptors is considered, focusing on the effects of ACTH on the expression of CRH. Experimental data showing that ACTH potently reduces CRH expression in amygdala neurons is presented. This downregulation was not abolished by experimental elimination of steroids or by blocking their receptors and was reproduced by a centrally administered ACTH fragment that does not promote steroid release. Importantly, selective blocking of melanocortin receptors prevented ACTH-induced downregulation of CRH expression, providing direct evidence for the involvement of these receptors in the mechanisms by which ACTH exerts this effect. Thus, ACTH may reduce neuronal excitability in IS by two mechanisms of action: (1) by inducing steroid release and (2) by a direct, steroid-independent action on melanocortin receptors. These combined effects may explain the robust established clinical effects of ACTH in the therapy of IS.
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Anti‐f: Report of a Case

An autoimmune hemolytic anemia occurring in a 60-year-old woman is described. The patient's blocd group is A, Rh-negative (cde/cde). Her serum was found to contain high titer anti-D and anti-C, which may have arisen as a result of isoimmunization by a pregnancy and a blood transfusion 17 years earlier. An eluate from the red cells contained an incomplete warm autoantibody of anti-f specificity.
Pentoxifylline in the nonoperative management of intermittent claudication.

To assess the clinical effectiveness of pentoxifylline (Trental) in the treatment of intermittent claudication and ischemic rest pain, 129 patients were retrospectively interviewed with respect to compliance and improvement of symptoms. Risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis were tabulated, as was the severity of symptomatic lower extremity peripheral vascular insufficiency. The duration of pentoxifylline treatment was 35.8±45.0 weeks (mean±1 S.D.). Forty-eight percent of the patients discontinued pentoxifylline on their own, most commonly because of side effects (13%) or perceived lack of improvement (23%). Of those patients taking pentoxifylline for eight weeks or more (n=110), 64% noted some improvement, with 31% reporting increased claudication distance and 52% reduced claudication pain. Pentoxifylline provided pain relief in 52% of patients with ischemic rest pain (n=27). Neither diabetes, hypertension, concomitant antiplatelet therapy, the severity of claudication, nor pretreatment ankle-brachial Doppler pressures were related to treatment outcome. Increased daily walking exercise during treatment was associated with successful outcome (p=0.04). Clinical response to pentoxifylline was inversely related to the number of cigarettes smoked daily in those with 1 block claudication (n=71, p=0.05). Pentoxifylline was not very effective in increasing reported claudication distance. This review suggests that pentoxifylline may be of value for patients with ischemic rest pain when arterial reconstruction is not possible. Whether pentoxifylline is useful adjunctive therapy for intermittent claudication requires further scrutiny.
Experimental study of debris capture efficiency of trash racks

Abstract Trash (debris) racks are the main line of defense to keep submerged aquatic plants such as “Egeria” and other non-floating debris out of fish screen facilities. This study evaluates the debris capture efficiency under 16 different debris rack configurations, which include 4 bar spacings and 4 angles of inclination, under two flume velocities. For each flow regime, first the velocity fields were measured at three transects near the debris rack with no debris. While under 0.30 m/s velocity the debris rack did not affect the flow field, under 0.61 m/s velocity it slowed the flow velocity around the rack near the surface and increased it near the flume bottom. The debris that was collected in front of the debris racks at Tracy Fish Collection Facility, California was analyzed for its composition. The debris composition was found to change through the year, and Egeria of less than 15.24 cm was about 50% of the debris loading. Six replicates of Egeria run were conducted for each combination of debris rack configuration and flow regime. In the presence of debris, velocity profiles at locations upstream from the debris rack were not significantly affected by the debris or the rack, while downstream from the debris rack velocities at the flume bottom were significantly larger than those at the top. The experimental results show that when average velocity is 0.30 m/s, in general the debris capture efficiency increases as the angle of inclination decreases for bar spacing greater than 3.81 cm. However, for 0.61 m/s velocity, the same trend only holds for 7.62 cm bar spacing, with no discernible trend for other bar spacings. Meanwhile, debris capture efficiency increases with decrease in bar spacing for all angles of inclination and all velocities.
The Mechanism of Sulfite Inhibition of Browning Caused by Polyphenol Oxidase

SUMMARY The effect of sulfite on the reaction of mushroom polyphenol oxidase with o-diphenols was studied in model systems at pH 6.5. Spectrophotometric, manometric, chromographic, electrophoretic, and radiosotopic evidence is presented that sulfite prevented browning in the systems by combining with the enzymatically produced o-quinones and stopping their condensation to melanins. During preincubation of polyphenol oxidase with sulfite a gradual loss of the property of the enzyme to cause browning was observed.
First Graders Receive Instruction in Homonym Detection and Meaning Articulation: The Effect of Explicit Metalinguistic Awareness Practice on Beginning Readers

An experiment examined whether beginning readers can successfully learn to detect and define homonyms, and whether this ability correlates with vocabulary and/or phonological awareness. First graders received ambiguity instruction involving homonyms in isolation, in riddles, and in text. A control group received reading lessons without a metalinguistic component. Results showed that a very brief training program was effective in teaching students to identify multiple meanings of homonyms in isolation. No correlation existed between the ability to learn about homonyms and pretest oral language ability, indicating that this instruction is appropriate for all learners.
The Changing Health Care Workplace: A Challenge for Management Development

The case is forcibly stated for a new style of management focused on the needs, expectations and participation of health care employees at all levels. Only collaborative teamwork is seen to be appropriate to developing the levels of effectiveness needed for those health care organisations threatened by the current state of the sector.
Examination of phosphoryl-mimicking functionalities within a macrocyclic Grb2 SH2 domain-binding platform.

Reported herein are the design, synthesis, and Grb2 SH2 domain-binding affinities of several phosphoryl-mimicking groups displayed within the context of a conformationally constrained macrocyclic platform. With use of surface plasmon resonance techniques, single-digit nanomolar affinities were exhibited by phosphonic acid and malonyl-containing diacidic phosphoryl mimetics (for 4h and 4g, KD = 1.47 and 3.62 nM, respectively). Analogues containing monoacidic phosphoryl mimetics provided affinities of KD = 16−67 nM. Neutral phosphoryl-mimicking groups did not show appreciable binding.
Development and evaluation of a control decision rule for first-generation spotted tentiform leafminer (Lepidoptera : gracillariidae) in New York apple orchards

A pest control decision rule consisting of an action threshold and a sampling protocol was developed and evaluated for first-generation spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (F.). An action threshold of two eggs per leaf was chosen based on the criterion of preventing more than one first-generation mine per leaf. Two sequential classification sampling plans for first-generation eggs were developed, one based on variable intensity sampling and the other on the use of confidence intervals for stop limits. Both plans made use of the nested variance structure of leafminer egg counts and variance-mean models fit to estimated variance components. Performance of the two sequential procedures was studied using simulation and judged to be very similar. Use of either sampling plan required approximately 10–20 min. Over a 4-yr period, 87% of sampled orchards in western New York had leafminer populations that were below the threshold of two eggs per leaf. During this period, use of sample information to schedule insecticide treatments resulted in only one instance when a treatment may have been required and was not called for ( n = 79). Widespread use of the decision rule would result in significant reductions in pesticide use with no attendant increase in risk to growers.
The effect of legitimacy of a request and compliance versus noncompliance on the evaluation of others1

Summary Eighty male undergraduates read a supposedly true interaction between two workers in a business firm, in which A made a request of B The status of B relative to A, the legitimacy of the request, and compliance versus noncompliance by B were varied It was found (a) that compliers to legitimate requests and noncompliers to illegitimate requests were liked better than noncompliers to legitimate requests or compliers to illegitimate requests, (b) that noncompliers were seen as more internally controlled than were compliers, and (c) that individuals may respond to an atypical situation by imposing upon it a consistent internal structure Status had little effect The data were regarded as clarifying a previous experiment by Ring (1964) as well as suggesting further research
A rescaling scheme with application to the long-time simulation of viscous fingering in a Hele-Shaw cell

In this paper, we present a time and space rescaling scheme for the computation of moving interface problems. The idea is to map time-space such that the interfaces can evolve exponentially fast in the new time scale while the area/volume enclosed by the interface remains unchanged. The rescaling scheme significantly reduces the computation time (especially for slow growth), and enables one to accurately simulate the very long-time dynamics of moving interfaces. We then implement this scheme in a Hele-Shaw problem, examine the dynamics for a number of different injection fluxes, and present the largest and most pronounced viscous fingering simulations to date.
OBSERVATIONS ON CHYTRIDIACEOUS PARASITES OF PHANEROGAMS. XXV. PHYSODERMA JOHNSII SPARROW, A PARASITE OF CALTHA PALUSTRIS L.

A B S T RA CT The morphology of the endobiotic and epibiotic stages of Physoderma johnsii Sparrow on Caltha palustris is described. Highly characteristic of the endobiotic stage is the formation of numbers of large, narrowly pyriform cells with a tuft of rhizoids at the broader (distal) end. Early developmental features are not included since germination of the resting spore has not as yet been achieved. Reasons for maintaining this taxon distinct from older ones on Caltha palustris are given.
It's all my fault! The pragmatics of responsibility statements

Abstract Following an acknowledgement of colleagues who have critiqued a work, writers sometimes add that the final version is the sole responsibility of the author(s), and not of anyone being thanked. Although there is much variability in responsibility statements, they are formulaic and often consist of the following: a reference to the conventional nature of the statement, a reference to the content of or potential shortcomings in the writing, and a mention of the authors’ sole responsibility and/or exoneration of others for conclusions or deficiencies. For example: “Naturally, I remain responsible for any mistakes still present.” This paper investigates the face-enhancing value of responsibility statements. Like thanks, gambits, and apologies, responsibility statements are formulaic disclaimers. They exonerate others from blame, but also allow authors to claim ownership of and credit for their work. Responsibility statements allow authors to establish a professional persona and demonstrate that they know the conventions of their profession. Responsibility statements allow authors to present themselves as formal or scholarly, or they can violate the conventions and present themselves as humorous, creative, or individualistic.
Capacitance-Voltage, Current Voltage, and Thermal Stability of Copper Alloyed With Aluminum or Magnesium

Copper alloyed with small amounts of aluminum or magnesium has recently been suggested as a promising material for interconnect applications in silicon integrated circuits. This work reports the results of the investigation of the electrical (capacitance-voltage and current-voltage) stability of the metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor made with copper-0.5 at. % aluminum and copper-2 at. % magnesium as metal, deposited on thermally oxidized silicon substrates. Effect of thermal treatment in vacuum ambient before and/or during the electrical testing was investigated. The resistance to oxidation of these alloys was also investigated. The results show that copper magnesium, after a thermal treatment of 350°C or higher, produces a passivating layer at the interfaces that has excellent corrosion resistance and very stable behavior in terms of capacitance-voltage and current-voltage measurements. Copper aluminum performed adequately, much better than pure copper but was inferior to copper magnesium.
Automated high-throughput synthesis of artificial glycopeptides. Small-molecule probes for chemical glycobiology.

A fully automated method for the synthesis of artificial glycopeptides having two (similar or different) carbon-linked glycosyl moieties on a dipeptide scaffold has been developed. By use of this approach that combines the diversity of peptide/pseudopeptide and glycosides, different glycoside moieties can be incorporated onto the peptide/pseudopeptide backbone in a highly controlled manner. The approach utilizes a stepwise reductive amination with glycoside aldehyde derivatives (model 1) or (ii) glycoside reductive amination followed by glycoside amide bond formation (model 2). Further, an automated method has been utilized in the high-throughput library synthesis of 4 × 96 artificial glycopeptides. These libraries were tested as chemical probes/inhibitors of enzyme systems that convert a glucose moiety into rhamnose prior to incorporation of the rhamnose unit and the conversion of UDP-galactopyranose to UDP-galactofuranose via UDP-galactopyranose mutase enzyme during the biosynthesis of the mycobacterium...
Selective retrograde transneuronal transport of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase in the oculomotor system

The fate of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA/HRP) subsequent to its uptake and retrograde axonal transport in abducens motoneurons of the monkey was studied using histochemical localization of WGA/HRP reaction product and light microscopy. Injections of WGA/HRP into monkey lateral rectus muscles produced a pattern of labelled motoneurons like that obtained with native HRP. In contrast to the native HRP data, WGA/HRP injections consistently labelled additional neuronal populations in the ipsilateral medial vestibular nucleus and contralateral dorsal medullary reticular formation. These regions correspond to those containing neurons known to make inhibitory synaptic contact with abducens motoneurons. No labelled neurons were observed in regions which contain excitatory premotor neurons. These data are consistent with the notion of retrograde transneuronal transport of WGA/HRP to premotor neurons. The specificity of the transneuronal exchange is indicated by the finding that only certain populations of premotor neurons were labelled. The precise manner by which preferential transneuronal transport of WGA/HRP is attained remains to be determined.
Effects of NHC-Backbone Substitution on Efficiency in Ruthenium-Based Olefin Metathesis

A series of ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts bearing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands with varying degrees of backbone and N-aryl substitution have been prepared. These complexes show greater resistance to decomposition through C−H activation of the N-aryl group, resulting in increased catalyst lifetimes. This work has utilized robotic technology to examine the activity and stability of each catalyst in metathesis, providing insights into the relationship between ligand architecture and enhanced efficiency. The development of this robotic methodology has also shown that, under optimized conditions, catalyst loadings as low as 25 ppm can lead to 100% conversion in the ring-closing metathesis of diethyl diallylmalonate.
THE DYNAMICS OF EMBODIED COGNITION

Historically cognition was understood as the result of processes occurring solely in the brain. Recently, however, cognitive scientists and philosophers studying "embodied" or "situated" cognition have begun emphasizing the role of the body and environment in which brains are situated, i.e. they view the brain as an "open system". However, these theorists frequently rely on dynamical systems which are traditionally viewed as closed systems. We address this tension by extending the framework of dynamical systems theory. We show how structures which appear in the state space of an embodied agent differ from those that appear in closed systems, and we show how these structures can be used to model representational processes in embodied agents. We focus on neural networks as models of embodied cognition.
Open window: when easily identifiable genomes and traits are in the public domain.

“One can't be of an enquiring and experimental nature, and still be very sensible.” - Charles Fort [1] As the costs of personal genetic testing “self-quantification” fall, publicly accessible databases housing people's genotypic and phenotypic information are gradually increasing in number and scope. The latest entrant is openSNP, which allows participants to upload their personal genetic/genomic and self-reported phenotypic data. I believe the emergence of such open repositories of human biological data is a natural reflection of inquisitive and digitally literate people's desires to make genomic and phenotypic information more easily available to a community beyond the research establishment. Such unfettered databases hold the promise of contributing mightily to science, science education and medicine. That said, in an age of increasingly widespread governmental and corporate surveillance, we would do well to be mindful that genomic DNA is uniquely identifying. Participants in open biological databases are engaged in a real-time experiment whose outcome is unknown.
Simultaneous radio immunoassay of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone

Abstract A radioimmunoassay, which simultaneously measures both testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the same serum sample, is presented. Celite column chromatography is employed to separate T from DHT, and these two steroids from other potentially cross-reacting and interfering steroids. The normal values for men, women in the follicular phase, women in the luteal phase, ovariectomized and adrenal ectomized women, post-menopausal women and ovariectomized women for T are 5, 140 ± 1190 pg/ml, 307 ± 97 pg/ml, 285 ± 46 pg/ml, undetectable (
An unusual reaction to opioid blockade with naltrexone in a case of post-traumatic stress disorder

An unusual behavioral and cardiovascular reaction was observed during opioid blockade with naltrexone in a 32-year-old male who met DSM III-R criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As part of an ongoing placebo-controlled investigation of the effects of naltrexone on laboratory and ambulatory blood pressure reactivity, this participant reported experiencing feelings of rage, explosive behavior, and other unpleasant symptoms. When compared to all other subjects (N = 24), this individual showed significantly greater effects of naltrexone on blood pressure reactivity during the laboratory stressor. His ambulatory blood pressures, when compared to placebo, were significantly increased during the 24-hr period following naltrexone. The unusual behavioral and cardiovascular responses following ingestion of naltrexone suggest an important role for endogenous opioids in adjustment to stress in this case of PTSD.
Stimulation of plant growth by low concentration of napropamide

This study demonstrates that the pre-emergence herbicide napropamide will enhance plant growth when applied at very low concentrations. Stimulation of shoot elongation, fresh weight, and dry weight was observed when seeds of wheat, corn, raddish, and soybean were soaked in very dilute solutions of napropamide for 6 hr. Biomass synthesis by Red Kidney bean was dramatically increased by 10 μm napropamide, a 24.3% increase in fresh weight and a 76% increase in dry weight being observed. It is apparent that napropamide should be listed with those herbicides that have exhibited growth regulator properties.
Comparative in vitro and in vivo susceptibilities of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi to cefuroxime and other antimicrobial agents.

The in vitro and in vivo susceptibilities of the Lyme disease pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi to cefuroxime were compared with those of several other antibiotics commonly used to treat this disease. Cefuroxime demonstrated a higher MBC in vitro (1.0 microgram/ml) than ceftriaxone (0.08 microgram/ml) or erythromycin (0.32 microgram/ml), but the MBC was similar to that of amoxicillin (0.8 microgram/ml) and doxycycline (1.6 micrograms/ml). B. burgdorferi was considerably less susceptible to tetracycline (3.2 micrograms/ml) and penicillin G (6.4 micrograms/ml). Of the three other Borrelia species tested, two (Borrelia turicatae and Borrelia anserina) also demonstrated susceptibility to cefuroxime, while the third (Borrelia hermsii) was less susceptible. Results obtained with four antimicrobial agents in the in vivo hamster model parallel the antibiotic susceptibilities in the in vitro study. The three antibiotics with similar MBCs in vitro, i.e., cefuroxime, doxycycline, and amoxicillin, demonstrated comparable activities in preventing borreliosis in B. burgdorferi-challenged hamsters (50% curative doses = 28.6, 36.5 and 45.0 mg/kg, respectively). Penicillin G, which demonstrated the highest MBC in vitro, had very weak protective activity in the hamster model system. These results indicate that the in vitro and in vivo activities of cefuroxime against B. burgdorferi are comparable to those of several oral antibiotics currently being used in the treatment of early Lyme disease and suggest that the oral form of this cephalosporin may be an effective alternative therapy for this disease.
Caregiver-mother partnership behavior and the quality of caregiver-child and mother-child interactions

Abstract Parent-caregiver communication, particularly concerning the behavior and experiences of the child, is a means of linking the home and child-care contexts of the child’s experience and enriching the caregiver’s and parent’s capacity to provide supportive and sensitive care of the child. The Parent-Caregiver Partnership Scale was administered to 53 mothers of 3-year-old children and to the children’s primary caregivers in child-care centers (n = 20) and less formal child-care settings (n = 33) to examine relations of mother-caregiver communication about the child to the quality of caregiver-child and mother-child interactions. More communication between mother and caregiver about the child as reported by both mothers and caregivers was significantly related to more sensitive and supportive caregiver-child interactions in child care, even after controlling for the mother’s and caregiver’s childrearing beliefs that were related to partnership behavior and the quality of child care. The quality of mother-child interaction was significantly associated with the mother’s communication with her child-care provider about her child. After controlling for maternal childrearing beliefs, mothers who engaged in more partnership behavior with their providers were more supportive and sensitive with their children.
Multiphoton‐Induced Decomposition of Organometallics as a Route for Production of Doped SnO2 Films

A laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition scheme for SnO 2 films has been developed, based on the UV multiphoton dissociation of di (n-butyl) tin diacetate. Doped films were produced by simultaneous photolysis of other inorganic precursors. Films were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, room-temperature resistance measurements in the presence of a variety of gas-phase contaminants, and the temperature dependence of film resistance. These preliminary investigations demonstrate the ability to vary detection sensitivity and selectivity by changing the dopant precursor identity.
Mixed species aggregations feeding upon herring and sandlance schools in a nearshore archipelago depend on flooding tidal currents

Tidal rips and jets are common features associated with archipelagos and complex coastlines. In habitats where rips and jets develop, energy flow to piscivorous predators is hypothe- sized to be strongly associated with tidal phase due to interactions between currents, plankton, and schooling planktivorous fishes (the 'tidal coupling hypothesis'). This study tests 1 component of the tidal coupling hypothesis, that the feeding activity of piscivorous predators and the availability of planktivorous fishes are both strongly associated with the same tidal phase. During 1994 to 1997, I made visual counts of actively feeding, mixed-species seabird flocks and hydroacoustic measure- ments of the relative abundance and distribution of schooling fishes. Median feeding activity, median backscatter m -1 transect, and median prey encounter probabilities were greatest during the tidal periods Slow flood 1 and Fast flood. Positive feeding anomalies and positive prey-encounter anom- alies were significantly associated with tidal flood phases, but positive backscatter anomalies were not. The results support the tidal-coupling hypothesis, but suggest that changes in the distribution or behavior of schooling fish are as important as, if not more important than, changes in relative fish abundance when determining prey availability and predator foraging-success. The data show that tidal currents can play an important role in structuring nearshore predator-prey interactions.
Lateral release rates after total knee arthroplasty

For a total knee replacement to function well, the patella must track centrally in the trochlear groove. A lateral release may be required to ensure such central tracking. During surgery, an evaluation was made of patellar tracking in 178 patients undergoing total knee replacement. The Genesis II prosthesis with a deep-dish tibial insert was used for all the patients. The evaluation was made using the nontouch technique and the axial traction (modified no-touch) technique before and after release of the tourniquet. With the tourniquet still inflated, there were 29 knees in which the patella tilted laterally and 11 additional knees in which the patella subluxed laterally. Using the modified no-touch technique, there were only 12 knees in which the patella tilted laterally and five in which it subluxed laterally. With the tourniquet deflated, only nine of the patellas tilted laterally and three subluxed laterally. It was only in this final group that a lateral release was done for an overall lateral release rate of 6%. Eleven of these 12 knees had a preoperative fixed valgus deformity greater than 10 degrees. Only one lateral release was required for a patient with a preoperative varus deformity. Four patients with a preoperative fixed valgus deformity and a laterally subluxed patella did not require a lateral release. Axial realignment and reconstitution of an anterior trochlear surface by the implant were sufficient to centralize the patella. Had only the no-touch test been used, there would have been 18 unnecessary lateral releases done. When the knees were evaluated radiographically, there was no statistical difference in patellar position between that group and the knees that required a lateral release. Overall in the entire group at 6 weeks after surgery, 105 knees (59%) had no patellar tilt. At 3 months, as quadriceps tone returned to normal, 138 knees (79%) had no patellar tilt. Thirty-three of the remaining 35 knees had a patellar tilt less than 10 degrees. None of the patients had lateral patellar subluxation at any time after surgery.
The multiple oral presentations of multiple myeloma

Purpose The purpose of this case series is to show the varied oral presentations of multiple myeloma, illustrating the importance of carefully surveying the oral cavity for suspicious lesions that could be indicative of palpable disease and/or recurrence. The diagnostic criteria and prognostic features for multiple myeloma were also reviewed.
Did Euclid Need the Euclidean Algorithm to Prove Unique Factorization

Euclid’s lemma can be derived from the algebraic gcd property, but it is not at all apparent that Euclid himself does this. We would be quite surprised if he didn’t use this property because he points it out early on and because we expect him to make use of the Euclidean algorithm in some significant way. In this paper, we explore the question of just how the algebraic gcd property enters into Euclid’s proof, if indeed it does. Central to Euclid’s development is the idea of four numbers being proportional: a is to b as c is to d. Euclid gives two different definitions of proportionality, one in Book VII for numbers (“Pythagorean proportionality”) and one in Book V for general magnitudes (“Eudoxean proportionality”). We will discover that it is essential to keep in mind the difference between these two definitions and that many authorities, possibly including Euclid himself, have fallen into the trap of believing that Eudoxean proportionality for numbers is easily seen to be the same as Pythagorean proportionality. Finally, we will suggest a way to make Euclid’s proof good after 2300 years.
Experimental evaluation of a class of distributed pore size models for gas-solid reactions with solid product

Abstract The performance of a mathematical model for transport, reaction, and structure evolution during gas-solid reactions involving porous solids and solid product was evaluated using experimental reactivity evolution data for the sulfidation of porous zinc oxide and the sulfation of limestone calcines. It was found that the mathematical model can satisfactorily approximate the experimental data provided that allowance is made for the formation of inaccessible pore space in the course of the reaction. Comparison of model predictions and experimental data showed that the intraparticle diffusional limitations are among the factors having the most influence on the behavior of these systems. As a result, the variation of the reactivity of the solids is strongly influenced not only by the pore size distribution of the solids but by the connectivity of their pore space as well.
Evaluation in a mouse model of a thyroid-blocking protocol for 131I antibody therapy (short communication).

Purpose: We describe a murine model to evaluate variations of a published multicenter thyroid blocking protocol described for 131I antibody therapy, using doses of blocking agents proportional to t...
Sex-Biased Language and the Technical-Writing Teacher's Responsibility:

Our survey of women who graduated in engineering from Kansas State Uni versity indicates that sexist language persists in the workplace, that women react to it in various ways, and that such language can engender sexist atti tudes which often have deleterious effects on the company and its employees. We believe technical-writing teachers have some of the responsibility to sensi tize students to exclusionary language. We show how that language violates professional ethical practices, demonstrate that some technical-writing texts trivialize the issue of sexist language, and suggest methods and resources for teachers to use in the classroom.
CO2-Sorption Properties of Organosilicas with Bridging Amine Functionalities Inside the Framework

The synthesis of amine-bridged organosilicas has been achieved by hydrolysis and polycondensation of bis((triethoxysilyl)propyl) ethylenediamine (BTEPED) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the presence of an anionic surfactant as a structure-directing agent. The architecture of the mesostructure, surface area, and porosity highly depends on the ratio BTEPED:TEOS. Highly porous solids with high surface areas were obtained when BTEPED:TEOS = 1:x, where x = 7, 5, whereas little porous solids with low surface areas were obtained when BTEPED:TEOS = 1:3 or no TEOS was added. These amine-bridged organosilicas were investigated for their CO2-sorption properties at low pressure. The materials showed high CO2-sorption capacities of up to 2.3 mmol/g at 1 atm. The CO2-sorption capacities increase with the amine loading in the material despite strongly decreasing surface areas.
Experiential avoidance as a functional dimensional approach to psychopathology: an empirical review.

The construct of experiential avoidance has become more frequently used by clinical researchers. Experiential avoidance involves the unwillingness to remain in contact with private experiences such as painful thoughts and emotions and is often proposed to be critical to the development and maintenance of psychopathology. This review summarizes the empirical studies on experiential avoidance as a factor in the etiology of maladaptive behavior and its relationship to specific diagnostic categories. Although some of the current literature suggests that experiential avoidance may be implicated in various forms of psychopathology, a fundamental limitation of this research is the lack of theoretical integration and refinement with regard to operationalizing and assessing experiential avoidance. Future studies should attempt to understand the core processes involved in experiential avoidance better, and then clearly operationalize the construct and determine its incremental validity relative to other constructs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 871–890, 2007.
Dietary marine lipid does not alter susceptibility of (NZBxNZW)F1 mice to pathogenic microorganisms.

Abstract Female (NZBxNZW) F1 mice were fed for one month with a diet in which the sources of fat were either melted beef tallow or fish oil, the latter regimen being associated with a marked decrease in the expression of auto-immune disease in these animals. To test whether or not this beneficial effect was associated with an increased risk of infection, animals fed each of these diets were challenged intraperitoneally with graded doses of four different classes of microorganisms: a gram positive bacillus that is an intracellular parasite ( Listeria monocytogenes ), an exotoxin-producing gram negative bacillus ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa ), a yeast ( Candida albicans ), and a herpes group virus (murine cytomegalovirus). There was no difference in the susceptibility of the animals fed the two different diets to any of these infections as shown by either determinations of the LD50 for each organism or by assessment of the times of survival for those animals that did succumb. We conclude that the beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of fish oil diets in these mice are not associated with an increased risk of infection with a variety of microbial agents.
Overt testicular disease at diagnosis is associated with high risk features and a poor prognosis in patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

BACKGROUND The impact of overt testicular disease on survival was assessed among patients treated at the study institution for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) over a 15-year period. To the authors' knowledge, the frequency of overt testicular involvement at diagnosis of ALL and its impact on treatment outcome have not been reported previously. METHODS The medical records of all 651 boys with ALL enrolled on St. Jude Total Therapy Studies X-XIIIA (May 1979 to December 1993) were reviewed to determine the frequency of overt testicular involvement at diagnosis. The log rank test and sequential Cox regression analyses, adjusted for known adverse features, were used to compare event free and overall survival for patients with and without testicular leukemia. A matched-pairs analysis was then conducted for both outcome measures. RESULTS Thirteen of the 651 male patients (1.9%) presented with overt testicular leukemia. Compared with the other patients, these 13 boys had a significantly higher frequency of infant or adolescent age at diagnosis, hyperleukocytosis, splenomegaly, and mediastinal mass; a poorer 5-year event free survival (38% [95% confidence interval (CI), 15.4-61.4%] vs. 58% [95% CI, 53.6-61.7%], P = 0.06, log rank test); and a significantly poorer 5-year overall survival (37% [95% CI, 14-60.4%] vs. 75% [95% CI, 71.3-78.4%], P = 0.002). The difference in overall, but not event free, survival was supported by sequential Cox regression analyses and by the matched-pairs analysis (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Overt testicular involvement with leukemia at diagnosis was associated with an adverse survival in boys with ALL. Testicular irradiation may not be necessary in those patients who present with overt testicular involvement. This finding merits prospective evaluation in a larger sample of similarly treated patients. Cancer 1996;78:2437-42.
Optimal electron-beam treatment planning for retinoblastoma using a new three-dimensional Monte Carlo-based treatment planning system.

Electron‐beam treatment planning for retinoblastoma was investigated and an optimal treatment plan was devised for a particular case using a new three‐dimensional Monte Carlo‐based treatment planning system known to be capable of correctly predicting dose perturbations caused by body surface obliquities and tissue heterogeneities. Computed tomography(CT) data files were used to construct a three‐dimensional eye phantom representing the anatomy of a child’s orbit. Dose distributions in sagittal, transverse, and coronal planes were predicted with 1‐mm resolution. Study of these distributions led to an optimal treatment plan consisting of an anterior‐lateral pair, with the anterior field being a 10‐MeV, 30‐mm‐diam circular field, centrally blocked by a 10‐mm‐diam lucite lens shield and the lateral field being a 16‐MeV, 30×25‐mm D‐shaped field. The anterior field delivers a therapeutic dose to the ora serrata, but it underdoses the posterior retinal surface behind the lens shield; the lateral field provides the necessary boost dose to the posterior retinal surface. An equally weighted combination of the two fields produces a dose distribution in which the entire retinal surface receives a therapeutic dose, with less than 10% of that dose being delivered to the lens, brain, and the contralateral orbit.
Effects of Smart Cards on Transit Operators

The results of an evaluation of the first transit smart card field operational test in California are presented. The smart card technologies deployed were radio frequency and integrated circuit contact systems, and the evaluation included the cost and productivity implications of smart cards relative to those of fare boxes as well as the perceptions of transit personnel. Data input for the evaluation came from interviews with transit personnel and onboard observations. The results indicate that smart cards work well and reliably in real-world bus operations. Passengers and transit personnel liked smart cards because they were faster and more convenient than cash fares. Smart cards could reduce passenger boarding times, vehicle downtime due to malfunctions of the fare system, and driver workload and stress. Furthermore, smart cards enhance the collection and quality of transit data.
Bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffi as a possible cause of anterior uveitis and choroiditis in a dog.

A 2-year old, neutered, female spaniel mixed breed was referred to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for evaluation of bilateral anterior uveitis. The dog was febrile and, in addition to anterior uveitis, multifocal hyporeflective lesions were present in the tapetal fundus of both eyes. The antibody titer for Bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffi was positive (1 : 512). Aqueous paracentesis was performed for PCR in an attempt to detect B. vinsonii in the eye but was unsuccessful. The ocular manifestations of Bartonella infection in humans are currently expanding as more sensitive serologic and PCR techniques are being developed to identify Bartonella spp. In addition to optic neuritis and neuroretinitis, retinochoroidal lesions are one of the most common manifestations of B. henselae infection, and are frequently accompanied by vitreous or anterior segment inflammation. Diagnosis of a Bartonella infection in humans can be made on serology alone, in conjunction with ocular examination findings. The ultimate proof of B. vinsonii (berkhoffi) as a direct cause of ocular disease would be detection of the infectious agent in the eye. However, it is unknown at this time whether Bartonella causes ocular disease primarily, secondarily via an autoimmune reaction, or both. Due to the difficulties associated with culture of Bartonella spp. and the limitations of PCR, serology is currently the most useful tool for screening dogs for possible Bartonella spp. infection. In the case presented here, even though the PCR was negative, the clinical signs of anterior uveitis and choroiditis might reasonably be associated with B. vinsonii (berkhoffi) seroreactivity, which was repeatable on three separate occasions. Clinical improvement was also accompanied by a post-treatment decrease in B. vinsonii (berkhoffi) seroreactivity, potentially supporting resolution of Bartonella infection in this dog. This is the first reported case of a possible association between uveitis, choroiditis and Bartonella infection in the dog, without clinical manifestations of other organ or tissue involvement. Future studies based on PCR analysis of intraocular fluids may clarify the involvement of B. vinsonii (berkhoffi) in dogs with intraocular inflammatory disease. Furthermore, performing fluorescein angiography in dogs with elevated Bartonella titers may also prove useful in the identification and characterization of lesions.
Geomechanical Evaluation of Thermal Impact of Injected CO2 Temperature on a Geological Reservoir: Application to the FutureGen 2.0 Site

The impact of temperature variations of injected CO2 on the mechanical integrity of a reservoir is a problem rarely addressed in the design of a CO2 storage site. The geomechanical simulation of the FutureGen 2.0 storage site presented here takes into account the complete modeling of heat exchange between the environment and CO2 during its transport in the pipeline and injection well before reaching the reservoir, as well as its interaction with the reservoir host rock. An ad-hoc program was developed to model CO2 transport from the power plant to the reservoir and an approach coupling PNNL STOMP-CO2 multiphase flow simulator and ABAQUS® has been developed for the reservoir model which is fully three-dimensional with four horizontal wells and variable layer thickness. The Mohr-Coulomb fracture criterion has been employed, where hydraulic fracture was predicted to occur at an integration point if the fluid pressure at the point exceeded the least compressive principal stress. Evaluation of the results shows that the fracture criterion has not been verified at any node and time step for the CO2 temperature range predicted at the top of the injection zone.