cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protrusive and Contractile Forces of Spreading Human Neutrophils

Human neutrophils are mediators of innate immunity and undergo dramatic shape changes at all stages of their functional life cycle. In this work, we quantified the forces associated with a neutrophil’s morphological transition from a nonadherent, quiescent sphere to its adherent and spread state. We did this by tracking, with high spatial and temporal resolution, the cell’s mechanical behavior during spreading on microfabricated post-array detectors printed with the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin. Two dominant mechanical regimes were observed: transient protrusion and steady-state contraction. During spreading, a wave of protrusive force (75 ± 8 pN/post) propagates radially outward from the cell center at a speed of 206 ± 28 nm/s. Once completed, the cells enter a sustained contractile state. Although post engagement during contraction was continuously varying, posts within the core of the contact zone were less contractile (−20 ± 10 pN/post) than those residing at the geometric perimeter (−106 ± 10 pN/post). The magnitude of the protrusive force was found to be unchanged in response to cytoskeletal inhibitors of lamellipodium formation and myosin II-mediated contractility. However, cytochalasin B, known to reduce cortical tension in neutrophils, slowed spreading velocity (61 ± 37 nm/s) without significantly reducing protrusive force. Relaxation of the actin cortical shell was a prerequisite for spreading on post arrays as demonstrated by stiffening in response to jasplakinolide and the abrogation of spreading. ROCK and myosin II inhibition reduced long-term contractility. Function blocking antibody studies revealed haptokinetic spreading was induced by β2 integrin ligation. Neutrophils were found to moderately invaginate the post arrays to a depth of ∼1 μm as measured from spinning disk confocal microscopy. Our work suggests a competition of adhesion energy, cortical tension, and the relaxation of cortical tension is at play at the onset of neutrophil spreading.
OGO-IV Ultraviolet Airgiow Spectrometer

The OGO-IV ultraviolet airglow spectrometer, which measures the earth's spectrum between 1100 and 3400 A, consists of an Ebert-Fastie monochromator and two photomultipliers with wide-dynamic range electronics. The cesium telluride photomultiplier channel measures the backscattered ultraviolet daylight between 1750 and 3400 A over a dynamic range of 10 with a spectral resolution of 20 A. The cesium iodide photomultiplier channel measures air-glow emission lines between 1100 and 1750 A, even with the fully illuminated earth for a background.
Invariance of charge of Laughlin quasiparticles

A quantum antidot electrometer is used to measure the charge of bulk Laughlin quasiparticles on the $f=1/3$ fractional quantum Hall plateau. We also report experiments performed on the integer $i=1$ and 2 plateaus extending over a range of filling factors used to calibrate the electrometer, and to demonstrate independence of the charge measurement of filling factor. We find the charge of the Laughlin quasiparticles to be invariantly $e/3,$ with a standard deviation of $1.2%$ and an absolute accuracy of $4%,$ independent of filling, tunneling current, and temperature.
Modeling end notched flexure tests to establish cohesive element Mode II fracture parameters

The objective of this work was to establish Mode II fracture parameters for cohesive elements that can be further utilized to evaluate Mode II interfacial fracture strength of polyurea/AISI 4340 steel composite structures. To obtain the fracture parameters, end notched flexure (ENF) tests were conducted to validate proposed finite element models. The fracture behavior observed from the tests was highly nonlinear and large plastic deformations were involved during crack formation and propagation. A strain incompatibility model was introduced to describe the nonlinearity prior to fracture. This nonlinear and plastic behavior made Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) approaches not applicable to approximate the fracture parameters. As a result of these experimental observations, finite element analyses of the ENF tests were performed to develop the necessary fracture parameters for cohesive elements selected to replicate the failure modes. Good agreement between the selected numerical models and experimental data was observed.
American Perceptions of the European Union and Its Role in World Affairs

There is a general consensus that the European Union (EU) has become a very important and influential international actor. In this process, the EU Member States have developed their own understanding and justification of the EU’s international role. However, there is a growing interest in exploring whether there are any gaps between how the EU understands and presents itself to the world and how ‘Others’ perceive its role. This article investigates the American perceptions of the EU and its international role. Drawing on the theoretical and historical framework of the English School, the article explores the American perceptions against the historical development of the relations of the United States with various European states and the EU as a whole. It argues that American perceptions of the EU and of its international role have little or nothing to do with the American experience with European colonialism and imperialism. The existence of strong cultural, political, economic, and social ties between the U.S. and the European countries explains why the EU is trusted so much by the American public. Therefore, the divergence between the U.S. and the EU occurs within the bonds of a family of states that distinguishes itself from the rest of the international society.
Spatial Scale Interactions and Visual-Tracking Performance

It has previously been observed that low spatial frequencies (≤ 1.0 cycles deg−1) tend to dominate high spatial frequencies (≥ 5.0 cycles deg−1) in several types of visual-information-processing tasks. This earlier work employed reaction times as the primary performance measure and the present experiments address the possibility of low-frequency dominance by evaluating visually guided performance of a completely different response system: the control of slow-pursuit eye movements. Slow-pursuit gains (eye velocity/stimulus velocity) were obtained while observers attempted to track the motion of a sine-wave grating. The drifting gratings were presented on three types of background: a uniform background, a background consisting of a stationary grating, or a flickering background. Low-frequency dominance was evident over a wide range of velocities, in that a stationary high-frequency component produced little disruption in the pursuit of a drifting low spatial frequency, but a stationary low frequency interfe...
The impact of communication and memory in hive-based foraging agents

Many hive-based agents, such as some bees, rely on memory and communication to aid in foraging. The benefits of these abilities seem obvious, but it is unlikely that they are beneficial in every environment. In this paper, we present the results of experiments examining the effect that environmental structure can have on the utility of communication and memory for hive-based agents, finding that there are some environments in which they do not contribute substantially to the agents' ability to survive.
Multiple-valued logic memory circuit

A new voltage-mode CMOS multiple-valued logic (MVL) memory circuit has been realized in a standard 2 μm p-well polysilicon-gate CMOS technology. This circuit requantizes MVL voltages during a setup clock mode and latches the input value during the hold clock mode. Using a 5 V supply and logical voltage increments of 1 -67 V, a quaternary memory circuit with a worst-case total setup and hold time of about 7 ns, and a best single-level transition total setup and hold lime of about 1 ns has been realized.
Self-reciprocal Fourier functions

By definition, a self-reciprocal (SR) function is its own Fourier or Hankel transform. Areas of application of SR functions, including Fourier optics, are noted. Integral representations for SR functions are obtained and are illustrated with the exponential Fourier transformation on the half-line. It is pointed out that there are a large number of classes of SR functions, and examples of these functions are given.
R 68-44 Mathematical Logic

It would be very simple to yield to the temptation for cheap wit and call this work "an introduction to an introduction." However, it is certainly much more than this, even though it may be advisable for the novice to read it first, before attempting to unravel the intricacies of the author's Introduction to Metamathematics. Rather, it represents an honest effort to present parts of the former work to a more general audience, and in this the author succeeds admirably, producing a very readable and lucid work, in many ways superior to other books written with the same intention.1
Software engineering education: following a moving target

This paper presents the main lessons learned over 16 years in offering a graduate degree in software engineering at Monmouth University. It covers the challenges in delivering a program that meets the needs of industry and students in a highly dynamic field. The evolution of the curriculum induced by the continuous advances in the field and industry practice is presented. This evolution is an example of a transition from a "computer science curriculum with an engineering flavor", towards a software engineering curriculum. The special meaning of continuous course content development in software engineering is argued through issues pertaining to dated textbooks, ever-changing programming languages, operating systems, and software tools. The paper also presents our experience in dealing with the diversity of the student body, and its influence on the curriculum and course content. We conclude with the presentation of future directions for this program.
The Term Structure of Interest Rates and the Demand for Investment

This paper examines the question of whether long-term or short-term interest rates should appear in investment demand functions. Three basic models are examined. The first involves a distribution of time lags required to complete investment projects; the second is based on a simple adjustment-costs model; and the third incorporates uncertainty and risk aversion. The major conclusion is that, except for some special cases which are probably quite unrealistic, both long-term and short-term interest rates affect investment demand.
Vascular Endothelial Function Is Related to White Blood Cell Count and Myeloperoxidase Among Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) is impaired with aging, but there is significant variability among healthy middle-aged and older adults. We tested the hypothesis that EDD is related to white blood cell (WBC) count in healthy men and women aged 55 to 75 years (n=48) who have a WBC count within the clinically normal range. The peak forearm blood flow response to intrabrachial artery infusion of acetylcholine was inversely related to WBC count (r=-0.38; P=0.004) and was 34% smaller in subjects with higher versus lower WBC count (more versus less than the median of 5.0x10(9) cells per liter; P=0.001). Vascular smooth muscle responsiveness to NO (peak forearm blood flow response to sodium nitroprusside) was inversely related to WBC count (r=-0.30; P=0.02) but did not fully explain the associations with EDD. Inhibition of NO with N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine reduced EDD in subjects with lower (-56%; P=0.01) but not higher WBC count. Tetrahydrobiopterin selectively improved EDD in subjects with higher WBC count (+35%; P=0.01) by increasing NO bioavailability. EDD was related (P<0.05) to neutrophil, eosinophil, and monocyte but not lymphocyte or basophil counts. Myeloperoxidase, which is secreted by neutrophils and monocytes, consumes NO and produces molecules that oxidize tetrahydrobiopterin, was inversely related to EDD (r=-0.35; P=0.02), and was 42% higher in subjects with a higher WBC count (P=0.02). No other factors contributed to the relation between EDD and WBC count. Among healthy middle-aged and older adults, impaired EDD is related to higher neutrophil, eosinophil, and monocyte-based WBC count mediated by reduced responsiveness to NO and increased myeloperoxidase-associated reductions in tetrahydrobiopterin and NO bioavailability.
Complete and Partial Photo-oxidation of Dissolved Organic Matter Draining Permafrost Soils.

Photochemical degradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to carbon dioxide (CO2) and partially oxidized compounds is an important component of the carbon cycle in the Arctic. Thawing permafrost soils will change the chemical composition of DOM exported to arctic surface waters, but the molecular controls on DOM photodegradation remain poorly understood, making it difficult to predict how inputs of thawing permafrost DOM may alter its photodegradation. To address this knowledge gap, we quantified the susceptibility of DOM draining the shallow organic mat and the deeper permafrost layer of arctic soils to complete and partial photo-oxidation and investigated changes in the chemical composition of each DOM source following sunlight exposure. Permafrost and organic mat DOM had similar lability to photomineralization despite substantial differences in initial chemical composition. Concurrent losses of carboxyl moieties and shifts in chemical composition during photodegradation indicated that photodecarboxyl...
Molecular Mechanisms of Mechanotransduction through LINC Complexes

The coupling of the cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton is ultimately mediated by LINC complexes that are formed by a strong interaction between SUN domain and KASH domain proteins in the nuclear envelope. Their pivotal roles in cellular mechanotransduction and nuclear positioning have only been identified after their discovery in the past decade. Many cardiac and skeletal diseases have been attributed to the malfunction of components of LINC complexes and deletions of SUN1/2 proteins or KASH 1/2 have been proven lethal in mice. Despite their crucial roles in cellular mechanotransduction, the underlying molecular mechanisms explaining the role of these complexes in disease are yet to be explored.In this study, we employ molecular dynamics methods to explore the mechanisms of force transmission through SUN-KASH complexes. We simulate cytoskeletal forces acting on SUN-KASH complexes by performing constant force simulations on the available crystal structure of SUN2-KASH2 complexes. We examine the role of a covalent disulfide bond formed between SUN and KASH proteins and shed light on the role of metal ion binding in the function of the SUN-KASH complex under forces.Our results show that the covalent disulfide bond between two highly conserved cysteine residues of SUN2 and KASH2 is critical for the stability of these complexes under cytoskeletal forces. Furthermore, our results suggest that the transmission of forces to the nucleus mediated by SUN-KASH complexes is reliant on the formation of this covalent bond between the two conserved cysteine residues. Finally, we propose that metal ion binding may be involved in the regulation of SUN-KASH interactions, and the transmission of forces to the nucleus.
Structural Requirements and Docking Analysis of Amidine-Based Sphingosine Kinase 1 Inhibitors Containing Oxadiazoles.

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent growth-signaling lipid that has been implicated in cancer progression, inflammation, sickle cell disease, and fibrosis. Two sphingosine kinases (SphK1 and 2) are the source of S1P; thus, inhibitors of the SphKs have potential as targeted cancer therapies and will help to clarify the roles of S1P and the SphKs in other hyperproliferative diseases. Recently, we reported a series of amidine-based inhibitors with high selectivity for SphK1 and potency in the nanomolar range. However, these inhibitors display a short half-life. With the goal of increasing metabolic stability and maintaining efficacy, we designed an analogous series of molecules containing oxadiazole moieties. Generation of a library of molecules resulted in the identification of the most selective inhibitor of SphK1 reported to date (705-fold selectivity over SphK2), and we found that potency and selectivity vary significantly depending on the particular oxadiazole isomer employed. The best inhibitors ...
Measurements of Helper T-Lymphocyte Subpopulations in HIVSeropositive Patients

The in vitro lymphocyte proliferative response is impaired during the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Because it is the helper/inducer cell (CD29) subset of CD4 cells that proliferates on exposure to soluble antigens, this subset may be expected to undergo selective depletion. We investigated this hypothesis by analyzing the lymphocyte values of 29 HIV-infected patients who had serial measurements of these subsets spaced at least 8 months apart. Our study indicated that measurement of the CD29 and CD45 subsets of CD4 T lymphocytes during the quiescent phase of HIV infection is unlikely to provide additional prognostic information beyond that of the total CD4 count.
A Badminton Tournament that Motivates Students

Abstract When planning a badminton tournament, try letting students play for points in a predetermined playing time. By recording their points from each game instead of recording wins and loses, students work hard, stay motivated, and have more fun.
Competitive Oligopolistic Pricing

Do oligopolistic industries evolve a pricing pattern which is inimical to consumer welfare?In this article, pricing policies in a major American industry are examined in the light of orthodox analy...
Global Energy Inequalities: Exploring the Long-Term Implications

This study examines the evolution of global energy inequalities over the modern period, with particular attention paid to the years 19581998. The analysis reveals that global energy inequalities were modestly reduced in the 1970s, as semi-peripheral nations increased their consumption of modern energy resources. However, an inten-si? cation of inequalities reasserted itself in the 1980s and 1990s, as the semi-periphery lost ground in relation to resurgent consumption in core nations such as the United States. The study argues that, in an increasingly bounded energy system, geopolitical, commercial, and social tensions will rise if fundamental inequa-ities in energy consumption are not addressed. Prospects for achieving reforms in the system over the medium term are evaluated at the conclusion of the study.
Analysis of the surveillance result of iodized salt at village household level in Turpan,Xinjiang

Objective:To find out the situation of village household consumption of iodized salt in Turpan Prefecture so as to provide scientific basis for eliminating the iodine deficiency disorders(IDD).Methods: Sampling according to the "national ildine deficiency disorders surveillance program" and the requirement of the implement′s detailde rules and regulationa of iodized salt surveillance in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Detecting was done by direct titration method according to(GB/T13025.7-1999).Results: A total of 876 household consumption of ildized salt were detected in 23 township(town) of Turpan Municipality.The consuming rate of iodized salt was above 99.32%,the median iodized salt content was 25.45 mg/kg.868 comsumption samples were qualified iodized salt.the consumption rate of qualified salt was 99.09%,the rate of qualified salt was 99.77%,and the rate of consuming non-ildized salt was 0.68%.Conclusion: The work for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders in Turpan obtain a significant achievements,the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt at village household level increases annually.It is showed that we gain significant result by providing iodized salt to poor resident in poor areas for free,carrying out the health education about prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders and rectifying for salt market.
Coronary collateral circulation during stress and the effects of aorta-coronary bypass grafts.

The ability of coronary collateral vessels to supply an adequate volume of blood to the subendocardium during the resting state and during periods of stress was studied. Regional myocardial blood flow was determined by the radioactive microsphere technique. Ameroid constricting devices were placed around the left circumflex coronary artery in 22 adult mongrel dogs. Three months later, regional myocardial blood flow was measured in a normal area of the left ventricle as well as in the area supplied entirely by coronary collateral vessels. Collateral blood flow was sufficient in the resting state to prevent myocardial ischemia distal to a gradually occluded coronary artery. However, in 10 animals (Group I) without aorta-coronary bypass grafts (ACBG), a selective underperfusion of the collateralized subendocardium occurred during periods of stress. In 12 animals (Group II), this selective underperfusion of the collateralized subendocardium with stress was abolished by placing ACBG's distal to the site of coronary artery occlusion.
Abstract 2829: Discovery and in vitro and in vivo characterization of aminopyrazoline-based SMYD2 inhibitors

SMYD2 (SET and MYND domain-containing protein 2) is a protein lysine methyltransferase (PKMT) which was initially described as a histone H3K36 and H3K4 methyltransferase involved in transcriptional regulation. SMYD2 has recently been reported to methylate and regulate several non-histone cancer relevant proteins such as p53, retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and the estrogen receptor alpha. Given the reports that overexpression of SMYD2 is linked to poor prognosis in certain cancers, SMYD2 is proposed to be an oncogene and an attractive cancer drug target. Here we report the discovery of a novel potent and selective SMYD2 inhibitor, SMYD2-BAY-01, by high throughput screening and extensive biophysical validation. The co-crystal structure revealed that SMYD2-BAY-01 binds to the substrate binding site and occupies the hydrophobic pocket for lysine binding using an unprecedented hydrogen bond pattern. The competitive behavior of the inhibitor in biochemical assays is consistent with the binding mode observed in the crystal structure. Further optimization generated SMYD2-BAY-02, which shows improved low nanomolar potency and is selective against kinases and other PKMTs. Furthermore, SMYD2-BAY-02 specifically inhibits SMYD2 methylation activity in a cellular assay with similar potency and reduces methylation of the tumor suppressor protein p53. Based on promising in vitro and in vivo DMPK data, SMYD2-BAY-02 was further characterized in vivo for SMYD2-specific methylation inhibition. In vivo activity could be shown upon in vivo administration at doses as low as 30 mg/kg p.o. in a SMYD2 overexpressing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma model. In summary, SMYD2-BAY-02 is a promising selective and potent SMYD2 inhibitor in vitro and in vivo and may represent a new treatment option for cancers overexpressing SMYD2. Citation Format: Carlo Stresemann, Ingo Hartung, Timo Stellfeld, Naomi Barak, Jeffrey Mowat, Clara Christ, Antonius ter Laak, Silke Koehr, Jorg Weiske, Roman Hillig, Volker Badock, Detlef Stoeckigt, Karl Ziegelbauer, Hilmar Weinmann, Volker Gekeler. Discovery and in vitro and in vivo characterization of aminopyrazoline-based SMYD2 inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2829. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2829
A neurodevelopmental disorder with a nonsense mutation in the Ox-2 antigen domain of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene

ABSTRACTWe report a patient, an infant with a neurodevelopmental disorder manifesting intractable complex partial epilepsy, bull's eye maculopathy, microcephaly, bilateral cataracts, truncal hypotonia, and spasticity of all four extremities. Sequencing of genomic DNA revealed mutations in (a) exon 8 (Ox-2 antigen domain) of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene: c.1075C>T, p.Arg359* (b) exon 8 of the senataxin (SETX) gene: c.4738C>T, p.Arg1580Cys, and (c) exon 2 of the ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 8 (CLN8) gene: c.685C>G, p.Pro229Ala. Using a quantitative method for measurement of various APP-mRNA isoforms, we found that the APP-mRNA isoform of 624 bp with a deletion starting after 49 bp of the 5′ end of exon 3 followed by a complete deletion of exons 4–15, mutations in exon 1: c.22C>T, p.L18F, and exon 3: c.269A>G, p.Q90R encoding APP207 isoform was the most abundant one, and would appear to be responsible for the clinical manifestations. This is the first example that may underline the role of the...
The function of the y-chromosome in man, animals, and plants.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the function of the Y-chromosome in man, animals, and plants. It discusses genetics and cytogenetics of the Y-chromosome in man. The first function of the Y-chromosome was discovered in Drosophila melanogaster that showed it was necessary for fertility in males. In most males, the Y-chromosome is recognized as the largest of the small acrocentric chromosomes. The Y-chromosome is late replicating in comparison to others. Its special characteristic is its heterochromatic nature and “fuzzy” appearance after special fixation. Four individuals were reported with long Y-chromosomes in a survey of seventeen normal and abnormal males. Two of the males with long Y-chromosomes were normal but the other two were mentally retarded, one showing signs of mongolism. The length of the Y-chromosome varies greatly within species. In D. pseudoobscura at least seven different types of Y have been reported occurring in nature. They differ in the relative proportions of the two arms. The mitotic Y-chromosome in Drosophila is entirely composed of heterochromatin. Both arms are composed of a number of distinct segments. Role of the Y-chromosome in sex determination in insects is discussed. In Drosophila, the Y-chromosome is not primarily concerned in sex determination as in man but is required for fertility in males. Sex is determined by a balanced influence between X-chromosomes and autosomes. The X-chromosomes influence development toward femaleness and the autosomes influence toward maleness.
Moving Beyond Reinforcement and Response Strength

Behavior analysis has often simultaneously depended upon and denied an implicit, hypothetical process of reinforcement as response strengthening. I discuss what I see as problematic about the use of such an implicit, possibly inaccurate, and likely unfalsifiable theory and describe issues to consider with respect to an alternative view without response strengthening. In my take on such an approach, important events (i.e., "reinforcers") provide a means to measure learning about predictive relations in the environment by modulating (i.e., inducing) performance dependent upon what is predicted and the relevant motivational mode or behavioral system active at that time (i.e., organismic state). Important events might be phylogenetically important, or they might acquire importance by being useful as signals for guiding an organism to where, when, or how currently relevant events might be obtained (or avoided). Given the role of learning predictive relations in such an approach, it is suggested that a potentially useful first step is to work toward formal descriptions of the structure of the predictive relations embodied in common facets of operant behavior (e.g., response-reinforcer contingencies, conditioned reinforcement, and stimulus control). Ultimately, the success of such an approach will depend upon how well it integrates formal characterizations of predictive relations (and how they are learned without response strengthening) and the relevant concomitant changes in organismic state across time. I also consider how thinking about the relevant processes in such a way might improve both our basic science and our technology of behavior.
Functional Symptoms in Medical Genetics

Genetic disorders create significant pathophysiologic states that are the underpinnings of adverse experiences for affected individuals. Parents and health professionals face the challenge of distinguishing which reports of adverse experience call for medical intervention and which are best approached with empathy and environmental or psychological alterations. Parents and health professionals will seldom accomplish much by denying the existence of a symptom reported by a child; if the symptom does not connote a dangerous pathophysiologic state, that happy fact does not make it less real as an experience confronting the child. All the more difficult is the challenge when it is encased in a known foundational biological state resulting from a genetic disorder, and still further if it is also involving a reporter with intellectual disability. This does not make the challenge insoluble. Examples are discussed from the lives of persons affected by Down syndrome, velo-cardio-facial syndrome, and phenylketonuria. All three scenarios represent composite experience with persons affected by the three conditions in question.
God’s voice or man’s death in May 68. À propos of two short films of Bernardo Bertolucci and Pier Paolo Pasolini

May 1968 meant for youth a turn in their ways of representing and acting. Likewise, it meant the complex transformation of cultural, political and economic discourses of which the representation of the divinity was not an exception. This article will describe how Bernardo Bertolucci and Pier Paolo Pasolini represented the divine figure in the context of the Italian 68. As a song by Francesco Guccini states, God is dead but the desire for his resurrection still exists. The analysis focuses on two short films from the collective film Amore e rabbia (1969): "Agonia" by Bertolucci and "The sequence of the fiore di carta" by Pasolini. The analysis shows that far from wishing and declaring divinity’s their death, both authors call into question the divine existence and its relevance in a world characterized by suffering and injustice as well as by solidarity and love. It is in the contradictory interstice between love and rage that the relationship of these directors with the divinity happens.
Branching of stretch histories in biaxially loaded nonlinear viscoelastic fiber-reinforced sheets

This work considers an experiment in which a nonlinear viscoelastic square sheet, subjected to uniformly distributed tensile forces on its edge surfaces, undergoes a homogeneous biaxial extensional...
Random and localized random projections for radar: Statistical and performance analysis

Multisensor radar data is high-dimensional and suffers from the curse of dimensionality. For example, in radar space time adaptive processing (STAP), training data from neighboring range cells is limited. This precludes implementation of the full-dimension adaptive detectors, i.e. the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) filter. In this paper we reduce the dimension of the problem by random sampling, i.e. by projecting the data into a random d-dimensional subspace. Random projections offers two advantages, first, it permits implementation of classical detectors in the limited sample size regime. Second, it offers significant computational savings permitting possible real time solutions. Both these advantages are however at the cost of reducing the output SINR for radar STAP. To ameliorate over this SINR loss, we propose another technique which is localized random projections for radar. In this technique, the lower dimension subspace is not entirely random, but is broken down into both a random and a deterministic part.
L’e ´cologie en politique: Marginale hier, centrale aujourd’hui

(2000). L’e ´cologie en politique: Marginale hier, centrale aujourd’hui. Modern & Contemporary France: Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 384-387.
Intervención integral en barrios: conceptos, instrumentos y elementos de mejora

The aim of the article is about the urban integral policies in neighbourhoods. At this sense, the author organizes the text in three sections: on the neighbourhood concept, the neighbourhoods' urban policies in Catalonia; needs, challenges and e1ements for a better public intervention in neighbourhoods.
Public Policy and Heart Disease Prevention

The three essential ingredients upon which public policy is built are a knowledge base, social strategies for applying the knowledge, and the political will necessary to gain the support and resources with which to implement the strategies. The knowledge base for a national policy to promote preventive cardiology is at hand, although further basic research is needed. Public education, including decisionmakers in government and in the private sector, is needed to strengthen political will. Strategies for applying knowledge about risk factor reduction and preventing coronary heart disease are suggested. Physicians can and should play a central role in developing sound public policy toward health promotion.
Generating Photonastic Work from Irradiated Dyes in Electrospun Nanofibrous Polymer Mats.

For solar-driven macroscopic motions, we assert that there is a local heating that facilitates large-scale deformations in anisotropic morphologic materials caused by thermal gradients. This report specifically identifies the fate of heat generation in photonastic materials and demonstrates how heat can perform work following excitation of a nonisomerizing dye. Utilizing the electrospinning technique, we have created a series of anisotropic nanofibrous polymer mats that comprise nonisomerizing dyes. Polymers are chosen because of their relative glass transition temperatures, elastic moduli, and melting temperatures. Light irradiation of these polymer mats with an excitation wavelength matching the absorption characteristics of the dye leads to macroscopic deformation of the mat. Analysis of still images extracted from digital videos provides plots of angular displacement vs power. The data were analyzed in terms of a photothermal model. Analyses of scanning electron microscopy micrographs for all samples ...
Use of a Mouse Model of Experimentally Induced Endometriosis to Evaluate and Compare the Effects of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol AF Exposure

Background: Endometriosis is a gynecological disease affecting 1 in 10 women of reproductive age. Endometriosis incidence has risen; however, whether this rise is due to disease awareness or enviro...
A translational phase 2 study of cabozantinib in men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer with visceral metastases with characterization of circulating tumor cells and large oncosomes.

e16080 Background: Cabozantinib (XL184) is a potent multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that is under active investigation in several malignancies including prostate cancer (PC). The mec...
Self-Attention based model forde-novoantibiotic resistant gene classification with enhanced reliability for Out of Distribution data detection

Abstract Antibiotic resistance monitoring is of paramount importance in the face of this ongoing global epidemic. Using traditional alignment based methods to detect antibiotic resistant genes results in huge number of false negatives. In this paper, we introduce a deep learning model based on a self-attention architecture that can classify antibiotic resistant genes into correct classes with high precision and recall by just using protein sequences as input. Additionally, deep learning models trained with traditional optimization algorithms (e.g. Adam, SGD) provide poor posterior estimates when tested against Out-of-Distribution (OoD) antibiotic resistant/non-resistant genes. We train our model with an optimization method called Preconditioned Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics (pSGLD) which provides reliable uncertainty estimates when tested against OoD data.
Therapeutic Targets for Emerging Biologic Therapies in IBD

On February 2, 2009, a group of nationally prominent clinicians and researchers convened to discuss relevant issues regarding the mechanisms of action and roles of current and investigational biologic therapies for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The pathogenesis and natural history of IBD were presented as a framework for understanding the therapeutic actions and potential targets of current and future biologic agents. Current biologic agents were addressed, with specific focus on how these agents may alter the natural history of disease and their role in current and evolving treatment paradigms. Other topics included the risk-benefit profile of current biologic agents, the therapeutic need for novel biologic agents, and the positioning of these novel agents. This supplement, which summarizes the discussions from the meeting, is intended to provide insight into the role of current biologic agents and promote understanding of how emerging novel biologic agents may shape future treatment paradigms for patients suffering from this chronic, debilitating disorder.
Population pharmacokinetics of PF-05280014 (a trastuzumab biosimilar) and reference trastuzumab (Herceptin®) in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer

The article "Population pharmacokinetics of PF-05280014 (a trastuzumab biosimilar) and reference trastuzumab (Herceptin®) in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer" written by Xiaoying Chen, Cheryl Li, Reginald Ewesuedo, Donghua Yin was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 3rd May 2019 without open access.
On testing marginal versus conditional independence

We consider testing marginal independence versus conditional independence in a trivariate Gaussian setting. The two models are non-nested and their intersection is a union of two marginal independences. We consider two sequences of such models, one from each type of independence, that are closest to each other in the Kullback-Leibler sense as they approach the intersection. They become indistinguishable if the signal strength, as measured by the product of two correlation parameters, decreases faster than the standard parametric rate. Under local alternatives at such rate, we show that the asymptotic distribution of the likelihood ratio depends on where and how the local alternatives approach the intersection. To deal with this non-uniformity, we study a class of "envelope" distributions by taking pointwise suprema over asymptotic cumulative distribution functions. We show that these envelope distributions are well-behaved and lead to model selection procedures with rate-free uniform error guarantees and near-optimal power. To control the error even when the two models are indistinguishable, rather than insist on a dichotomous choice, the proposed procedure will choose either or both models.
Fleet Aggregation of Photovoltaic Systems: A Survey and Case Study

The aggregation of Photovoltaic (PV) systems within different geographical locations, depending on their irradiance profile could possibly reduce the intermittency of the aggregated PV sites. This paper presents a novel review of different techniques and methods that have been developed and few case studies that have been presented on the aggregation of both utility-scale and roof-top PV systems. Finally, this paper analyzes output power smoothing (based on real power data) by aggregation of the power output of four PV power plants located in Florida. These sites have different installed capacities and different irradiance correlation coefficients. The AC power output of each PV site are aggregated with each other and the aggregation of the entire four PV plants is also analyzed. The results shows different percentages in reduction in the variability of the aggregated pairs of PV plants as well as the aggregation of the entire fleet of four PV sites. It also shows the impacts of the sizes of the aggregated PV sites on each other. This study will provide an insight into how utility-scale PV sites can be located and aggregated to reduce the variability of the entire fleet with higher PV penetration thereby reducing the effects of their intermittent nature on the grid.
Severe Malaria Treatment in the United States at the Precipice.

In November 2017, quinidine gluconate, the only medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat severe malaria, was discontinued. The authors discuss actions that clinicians, ...
Digital Government: Looking Back and Ahead on a Fascinating Domain of Research and Practice

Digital Government refers to the use of information technology to support government operations, engage citizens, and provide government services, as the Digital Government Society declares in its mission statement. While modern information technologies provide the necessary underpinnings expressed by the terms “digital” or the outdated “electronic,” for this public-sector phenomenon, technology in and by itself is not sufficient to capture the scope and various dimensions of Digital Government, which, unobserved at first, and later even disputed, continue to have increasingly transformational influences on the business of government in all its aspects, on all levels, and in all branches. In this disquisition, the evolution of Digital Government is portrayed and discussed from its humble beginnings to the intermediary present along with a projection and a preview of where this fascinating multidisciplinary domain of research and practice might lead in the next two decades. It is claimed that the transformation of the business of government is just beginning, and it is argued that major and undeniable instances of transition can be observed in the next decade.
Distortions but not Definitive Peaks by Capillary Serum Protein Electrophoresis Indicate Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance rather than Multiple Myeloma.

Objective Capillary electrophoresis of serum proteins demonstrates occasional distortions. Distortions or peaks in the gamma, beta, and alpha-2 zones may represent monoclonal gammopathy. In this study, we investigated if such distortions are associated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or multiple myeloma. Methods Consecutive serum protein electrophoresis results were reviewed and immunofixation studies were recommended on specimens exhibiting distortions or distinct peaks in the gamma, beta or alpha-2 zones. Results and discussion Of the 471 cases, we observed distortions in 101 cases. In the immunofixation studies, 17.8% of cases had a diagnosis of MGUS, but none contained multiple myeloma. Conclusions We conclude that distortions in serum capillary electrophoresis may be associated with MGUS, but not multiple myeloma.
Unsupervised clustering for phenotypic stratification of clinical, demographic, and stress attributes of cardiac risk in patients with nonischemic exercise stress echocardiography.

INTRODUCTION AND AIM Patients undergoing exercise echocardiography with no evidence of myocardial ischemia are considered a low-risk group; however, this group is likely heterogeneous in terms of short-term adverse events and subsequent cardiac testing. We hypothesized that unsupervised cluster modeling using clinical and stress characteristics can detect heterogeneity in cardiovascular risk and need for subsequent cardiac testing among these patients. METHODS We retrospectively studied 445 patients who had exercise echocardiography results negative for myocardial ischemia. All patients were followed for adverse cardiovascular events, subsequent cardiac testing, and nonacute coronary syndrome (ACS) revascularization. The heterogeneity of the study subjects was tested using computational clustering, an exploratory statistical method designed to uncover invisible natural groups within data. Clinical and stress predictors of adverse events were extracted and used to construct 3 unsupervised cluster models: clinical, stress, and combined. The study population was split into training (357 patients) and testing sets (88 patients). RESULTS In the training set, the clinical, stress, and combined cluster models yielded 5, 4, and 3 clusters, respectively. Each model had 1 high-risk and 1 low-risk cluster while other clusters were intermediate. The combined model showed a better predictive ability compared to the clinical or stress models alone. The need for future testing mirrored the pattern of adverse cardiovascular events. A risk score derived from the combined cluster model predicted end points with acceptable accuracy. The patterns of risk and the calculated risk scores were preserved in the testing set. CONCLUSIONS Patients with no evidence of ischemia on exercise stress echocardiography represent a heterogeneous group. Cluster-based modeling using combined clinical and stress characteristics can expose this heterogeneity. The findings can help better risk-stratify this group of patients and aid cost-effective healthcare utilization toward better diagnostics and therapeutics.
Differences in Using the Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT) 7 Nonverbal Battery versus the Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test (NNAT) 2 to Identify the Gifted/Talented.

The two most commonly used nonverbal tests for gifted identification, the Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test (NNAT) and the Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT) nonverbal battery, have not been compared i...
Indo-Caribbean diaspora, foreign policy, and iterations of Hindu identity

This article examines the Indo-Caribbean diaspora's performance of vernacular representations of Hinduism and ethnic identity, as influenced by a global pan-Hindu agenda of India's current national...
Read One, Write One, Get Funded: Two Junior Pediatric Hospitalists Delve Into Clinical Research and Grant Writing.

Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM) is a broad field that has recently been recognized as a specialty requiring its own fellowship aimed at developing the more academic aspects of this career.1 Academic medicine encompasses the triad of medical education, clinical responsibilities, and scientific research. This triad is touted by training programs who have resources in place to ensure adequate exposure to all three facets of academic medicine. Many academic institutions note that continuing to emphasize all three aspects, particularly research, has been difficult at the junior faculty level.2 Common barriers to research productivity for faculty in primarily clinical positions include insufficient time, experience, funding, and infrastructure to support the physician–scientist.2–9 As two junior faculty members in the Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine at a 315-bed, freestanding tertiary care children’s hospital, we have certainly encountered a number of these hurdles during our foray into clinical research. Other academic institutions have suggested solutions to promote scientific research among junior faculty who juggle the competing demands of career planning, clinical responsibilities, increasing administrative pressures, and personal life. These include formalized mentor–mentee programs at the faculty level, gaining support from division chiefs, encouraging interdivisional collaboration, and providing increased infrastructure for research support.2–9 Forster et al9 recently emphasized the necessity of these resources in helping promote research productivity in pediatric hospitalists pursuing a research career. We noted that, for primarily clinical faculty within a division with limited research infrastructure, the creation of informal mentor–mentee relationships and interdivisional collaboration were the most attainable methods to increase access to research resources. These relationships allowed us to seek out the resources we needed to achieve our academic goals and placed …
Poisoning by pickup truck.

To the Editor.— The policy statement,1 "Children in Pickup Trucks," was useful and constructive. However, the statement failed to mention the exposure to carbon monoxide of children who ride in the back of pickup trucks and station wagon vans. We recently saw two healthy children who had developed acute carbon monoxide poisoning from a defective exhaust system after riding in the back seat of an air-conditioned station wagon van. Their initial carboxyhemoglobin levels were 21.3% and 10%, respectively.