cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Economic Impact of Local Immigration Regulation: An Empirical Analysis

A wave of local anti-immigration laws has swept the country, triggering contentious debate and raising significant legal and policy issues. Approximately 150 such laws were enacted between 2005 and 2008 though many of these laws are being challenged in the courts. One critical dimension that has been largely ignored, however, is the economic impact of these laws: are jurisdictions with them better off economically than those without them? In the first empirical study of this issue, we analyze the economic impact of these laws. The laws take different forms - some authorize local police to enforce federal immigration laws, some restrict benefits like housing and employment to those with legal immigration status, and some require all government transactions to be conducted in English only. We applied statistical techniques to analyze two sets of data: a legal data set that we compiled of restrictive immigration laws enacted by cities and counties and the County Business Patterns economic data set compiled by the U.S. Census Bureau. The results show that the restrictive laws had a negative but small economic effect on the jurisdictions where they are enacted. Specifically, we find that these laws had a 1 to 2 percent negative effect on employment; for the average U.S. county, this translates to about 337 to 675 jobs (40 to 80 jobs for the median county). Consistent with the effect on employment, payroll was also negatively affected. This drop in employment includes both authorized and unauthorized workers. We also find that the laws reduced employment in some industries, such as the restaurant industry, while increasing employment in others, such as the grocery and liquor store industry. This suggests that affected workers may be switching jobs, rather than leaving a particular jurisdiction altogether. Because local immigration regulation has such profound policy impact, local governments considering the efficacy of these laws need to base their decisions on empirical evidence, not assumptions, about the laws’ effect. This Article provides crucial information for that decision making.
Developmental regulation of zebrafish MyoD in wild-type, no tail and spadetail embryos

We describe the isolation of the zebrafish MyoD gene and its expression in wild-type embryos and in two mutants with altered somite development, no tail (ntl) and spadetail (spt). In the wild-type embryo, MyoD expression first occurs in an early phase, extending from mid-gastrula to just prior to somite formation, in which cells directly adjacent to the axial mesoderm express the gene. In subsequent phases, during the anterior-to-posterior wave of somite formation and maturation, expression occurs within particular regions of each somite. In spt embryos, which lack normal paraxial mesoderm due to incorrect cell migration, early MyoD expression is not observed and transcripts are instead first detected in small groups of trunk cells that will develop into aberrant myotomal-like structures. In ntl embryos, which lack notochords and tails, the early phase of MyoD expression is also absent. However, the later phase of expression within the developing somites appears to occur at the normal time in the ntl mutants, indicating that the presomitogenesis and somitogenesis phases of MyoD expression can be uncoupled. In addition, we demonstrate that the entire paraxial mesoderm of wild-type embryos has the potential to express MyoD when Sonic hedgehog is expressed ubiquitously in the embryo, and that this potential is lost in some of the cells of the paraxial mesoderm lineage in no tail and spadetail embryos. We also show that MyoD expression precedes myogenin expression and follows or is coincident with expression of snaill in some regions that express this gene.
Protein Function Prediction: Problems and Pitfalls

The characterization of new genomes based on their protein sets has been revolutionized by new sequencing technologies, but biologists seeking to exploit new sequence information are often frustrated by the challenges associated with accurately assigning biological functions to newly identified proteins. Here, we highlight some of the challenges in functional inference from sequence similarity. Investigators can improve the accuracy of function prediction by (1) being conservative about the evolutionary distance to a protein of known function; (2) considering the ambiguous meaning of "functional similarity," and (3) being aware of the limitations of annotations in functional databases. Protein function prediction does not offer "one-size-fits-all" solutions. Prediction strategies work better when the idiosyncrasies of function and functional annotation are better understood.
Hox-mediated regulation of doublesex sculpts sex-specific abdomen morphology in Drosophila.

Background: Hox transcription factors are deeply conserved proteins that guide development through regulation of diverse target genes. Furthermore, alteration in Hox target cis-regulation has been proposed as a major mechanism of animal morphological evolution. Crucial to understanding how homeotic genes sculpt the developing body and contribute to the evolution of form is identification and characterization of regulatory targets. Because target specificity is achieved through physical or genetic interactions with cofactors or co-regulators, characterizing interactions between homeotic genes and regulatory partners is also critical. In Drosophila melanogaster, sexually dimorphic abdominal morphology results from sex-specific gene regulation mediated by the Hox protein Abdominal-B (Abd-B) and products of the sex-determination gene doublesex (dsx). Together these transcription factors regulate numerous sex-specific characters, including pigmentation, cuticle morphology, and abdominal segment number. Results: We show Dsx expression in the developing D. melanogaster pupal abdomen is spatiotemporally dynamic, correlating with segments that undergo sexually dimorphic morphogenesis. Furthermore, our genetic analyses show Dsx expression is Abd-B dependent. Conclusions: Doublesex and Abd-B are not only requisite co-regulators of sexually dimorphic abdominal morphology. We propose that dsx is itself a transcriptional target of Abd-B. These data present a testable hypothesis about the evolution of sexually dimorphic segment number in Diptera. Developmental Dynamics 241:1076–1090, 2012. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Short-range correlations in two-dimensional liquid crystals

We propose here a molecular theory of liquid crystals based on well-known theory of classical liquids. The method of calculation involves the simultaneous solution of two coupled nonlinear integral equations. The one- and two-particle distribution functions are obtained, as are order parameters as functions of density and temperature. The results are compared with those of mean-field calculations.
Bariatric surgery was dominant over conventional therapy for lifetime management of type 2 diabetes in obese patients

Source Citation Keating CL, Dixon JB, Moodie ML, et al. Cost-effectiveness of surgically induced weight loss for the management of type 2 diabetes: modeled lifetime analysis. Diabetes Care. 2009;32...
Ferrite number as a function of the larson-miller parameter for austenitic stainless weld metals after creep testing

Five different stress levels between 70 and 240 MPa were used together with a range of temperature (550 °C to 700 °C) for creep testing on E308H and E316H austenitic stainless steel weld deposits. The test results show that the Ferrite Number (FN) exhibits a linear relationship with the Larson-Miller parameter (LMP) after creep testing. More sigma phase formed in commercial E316H weld deposits than in commercial E308H because of the difference in molybdenum content.
The Impact of Context on Employee Perceptions of Acceptable Non-Work Related Computing

Employees have access to a wide range of computer-related resources at work, and often these resources are used for non-work related personal activities. In this study, the authors address the relationship between employee's utilitarian ethical orientation, the factors that create the context that influences their ethical perceptions, and their overall perceptions regarding the level of acceptability for 14 different non-work related computing activities. The authors find that time and monetary cost associated with an activity has a negative relationship to perceived acceptability. Results indicate that contextual variables, such as an employee's supervisory or non-supervisory role, opportunity, computer self-efficacy, and whether or not an organization has computer use policies, training, and monitoring, influence individual ethical perceptions. Implications and conclusions are discussed for organizations and future research.
High-pressure effects on the transport properties of the charge-density-wave compounds TaS 3 and ( TaSe 4 ) 2 I

The effects of high pressures on the transport properties have been investigated in ${\mathrm{TaS}}_{3}$ and (${\mathrm{TaSe}}_{4}$${)}_{2}$I. In both crystals the threshold fields for unpinning the charge-density-wave (CDW) domains are greatly depressed at high pressures. These effects are interpreted as arising mainly from the enhancement of the CDW coherence length.
Vapor Pressure and Crystal Structure of Curium Metal

The vapor pressure of liquid and solid curium metal between 1179° and 2068°K and between 10−10 atm and 0.1 mm was measured by the Knudsen effusion method to be log10P(atm) = (4.74 ± 0.37)–(18 060 ± 590) / T(°K); ΔH°1600°K and ΔS°1600°K for vaporization are 82.6 ± 2.7 kcal/g·atm and 21.7 ± 1.7 eu, respectively. A previously unreported fcc close‐packed structure for curium metal was identified with a = 4.382 ± 0.004 A, and a density of 19.26 g/cm3, corresponding to a +4 metallic valence. The entropy of condensed curium is indicated to be relatively high by the low heat of fusion and by the ΔH°298°K for vaporization calculated by second‐ and third‐law methods. The heat of vaporization of curium may be explained from the opposing effects of a quadrivalent metal and a 5f66d27s2 to 5f76d7s2 transition on vaporization.
Peroxymercuration-demercuration of lipid hydroperoxides

Abstract The course of mercuric-ion catalyzed cyclization of lipid hydroperoxides and the demercuration of the resulting cyclic peroxides is reported. The cyclization products depend on the mercuric ion utilized and the course of demercuration can be altered by conditions of reduction and oxygenation.
Ginsenoside Rb1 blocks Homocysteine-induced endothelial dysfunction

Abstract Background. Homocysteine (HCY) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. This study is to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rb1, a major constituent of ginseng, on HCY-induced endothelial dysfunction and molecular changes in porcine coronary arteries. Methods. Coronary arteries were harvested from pig hearts and cut into 5-mm rings, which were divided into 6 groups including control, HCY alone (50 μM), low-dosed (1 μM), or high-dose (10 μM) Rb1 alone, and HCY plus low-dose or high-dose Rb1. After 24 h incubation, the rings were analyzed for vasomotor function in response to U46619, bradykinin, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), respectively. In addition, superoxide anion was assessed by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence analysis. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression was studied by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. Results. Endothelium-dependent relaxation (bradykinin) was significantly reduced in rings treated with HCY alone as compared to the control (49.80% versus 71.77%, n = 8, P P > 0.05). Moreover, superoxide anion was markedly increased by 137% in HCY-treated group as compared to the control, but there was no significant changes from the control in all other groups ( P > 0.05). Last, eNOS mRNA and protein levels were substantially reduced in HCY-treated group, but not in Rb1-HCY combined groups. Conclusions. This is the first study to demonstrate that ginsenoside Rb1 can effectively block HCY-induced endothelial dysfunction and superoxide anion production as well as eNOS down regulation in porcine coronary arteries. This study suggests that ginseng and its active constituents may have potential clinical applications in controlling HCY-associated vascular injuries.
Glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate and dopamine receptors have contrasting effects on the limbic versus the somatosensory cortex with respect to amphetamine-induced neurodegeneration.

Abstract The roles that glutamate N-methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) and dopamine D1-like and D2-like receptors play in the cortical neurotoxicity occurring in rats exposed to multiple doses of amphetamine (AMPH) for 2 days was evaluated. Neurodegeneration in rats that did not become hyperthermic during AMPH exposure was quantified by counting isolectin B4-labeled phagocytic microglia and Fluoro-Jade (F-J)-labeled neurons in the somatosensory parietal cortex, piriform cortex and posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus (PLCo). The NMDA receptor antagonist, dizocilpine (0.63 mg/kg day) blocked AMPH-induced neurodegeneration in the somatosensory cortex. However, it did not affect degeneration in the piriform cortex and PLCo indicating that limbic degeneration was not NMDA-mediated. The dopamine antagonists, eticlopride (D2/3, 0.25 mg/kg day) and SCH-23390 (D1, 0.25 mg/kg day), blocked the stereotypic behavior and neurodegeneration in the somatosensory cortex. However, eticlopride had a lesser protective effect in the limbic regions. As well, the dopamine D2/D3 agonist quinpirole (1.5 mg/kg day) protected against cortical neurodegeneration when it was given during AMPH exposure and continued until sacrifice. The dopamine D1 agonist (SKF-38393, 12.5 mg/kg day) had no significant effect on neurodegeneration. These data indicate that there are significant differences in NMDA and dopamine D2 modulation of AMPH-induced neurodegeneration in the somatosensory cortex compared to the limbic cortices, and limbic cortical degeneration is not necessarily dependent on excessive stimulation of NMDA receptors as it is in the somatosensory cortex. Although excessive dopamine receptor stimulation during amphetamine exposure may trigger the neurodegenerative processes, continued D2 stimulation after AMPH exposure is neuroprotective in the cortex.
Voter Turnout in Thai Elections: An Analysis of the 2005 Thai National Election

This article tested two contending theories of political participation, the resource theory and the theory of clientelism, utilizing provincial data from all 76 provinces in Thailand for the 2005 national election, collected from government sources that have remained unexamined until now. According to the resource theory, one would expect turnout to be higher in wealthy provinces where education and income levels are higher. However, where there are high levels of clientelism, one would expect lower turnout in provinces with higher levels of education and/or income. I used a linear regression model to test several hypotheses derived from these contending theories and found that there is support for the theory of clientelism. The results have important implications for the state of the Thai democracy before the September 2006 coup and the country's prospects for a return to democracy.
Placebo versus “Standard” Hypnosis Rationale: Attitudes, Expectancies, Hypnotic Responses, and Experiences

In this study participants were provided with either the standard rationale that accompanies the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility: A (Shor & Orne, 1962) or a rationale that presented hypnosis as a nondeceptive placebo, consistent with Kirsch's (1994) sociocognitive perspective of hypnosis. The effects of the placebo and standard rationales were highly comparable with respect to hypnotic attitudes; prehypnotic expectancies; objective, subjective, and involuntariness measures of hypnotic responding; as well as a variety of subjective experiences during hypnosis, as measured by the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (Pekala, 1982). Differences among correlations were not evident when measures were compared across groups. However, indices of hypnotic responding were correlated with attitudes in the hypnosis but not the placebo condition, and, generally speaking, the link between subjective experiences during hypnosis and measures of hypnotic responding were more reliable in the placebo than the hypnosis group. Researcher findings are neutral with respect to providing support for altered state versus sociocognitive models of hypnosis.
Determination of the appearance potentials of [C3H7]+ ions by a computerized electron distribution difference procedure

A simple computerized electron distribution difference method has been developed using a conventional mass spectrometer and an on-line computer. Using the system, ionization potentials for various propyl halides were measured and found to agree well with photoionization data. The appearance potentials for [C3H7]+ agreed well with literature values, except for 1-propyl bromide and 1- propyliodide which gave values approximately 0.7 eV lower than previous reports. The results are interpreted to indicate threshold formation of the sec-propyl ion from all propul halides.
The prostaglandin transporter PGT transports PGH2

Abstract Prostaglandin H2 not only serves as the common precursor of all other PGs, but also directly triggers signals (e.g. platelet aggregation), depending on its location and translocation. The prostaglandin carrier PGT mediates the transport of several prostanoids, such as PGE2, and PGF2α. Here we used PGT in the plasma membrane as a model system to test the hypothesis that PGT also transports PGH2. Using wild-type and PGT-expressing MDCK cells, we show that PGH2 uptake is mediated both by simple diffusion and by PGT. The PGH2 influx permeability coefficient for diffusion is (5.66 ± 0.63) × 10−6 cm/s. The kinetic parameters of PGH2 transport by PGT are Km = 376 ± 34 nM and Vmax = 210.2 ± 11.4 fmol/mg protein/s. PGH2 transport by PGT can be inhibited by excess PGE2 or by a PGT inhibitor. We conclude that PGT may play a role in transporting PGH2 across cellular membranes.
Rocket combustion chamber life-enhancing design concepts

NASA continues to pursue technologies which can lead to an increase in life and reduce the costs of fabrication of the Space Shuttle Main Engine. The joint NASA/Air Force Advanced Launch System Program has set its prime objectives to be high reliability and low cost for their new advanced booster engine. In order to meet these objectives, NASA will utilize the results of several ongoing programs to provide the required technologies. An overview is presented of those programs which address life enhancing design concepts for the combustion chamber. Seven different design concepts, which reduce the thermal strain and/or increase the material strength of the combustion chamber liner wall are discussed. Subscale rocket test results are presented, where available, for life enhancing design concepts. Two techniques for reducing chamber fabrication costs are discussed, as well as issues relating to hydrocarbon fuels/combustion chamber liner materials compatibility.
Vocational School Psychology in the USA Implications for Other Countries

The field of vocational school psychology is a relatively new area of research and practice in the USA. Vocational counseling, vocational assessment and vocational planning were not viewed as functions of school psychology until about fourteen years ago (Hohenshil, 1974). In the past, most vocational development activities were primarily relegated to school counselors, teachers and parents. School psychologists in the United States have traditionally had the major responsibility for classifying children for special education services, and consulting with teachers and parents regarding behavior management techniques and learning styles. Some school psychologists have also been actively involved in such therapeutic practices as individual and group counseling. But, for the most part they have not been actively involved in secondary schools, and especially vocational programming (Shepard and Hohenshil, 1983).
The genetics of bone loss: challenges and prospects.

This review summarizes evidence supporting a genetic contribution to bone loss, and current progress towards identifying bone loss-related genes.
Deprenyl stimulates the efflux of monoamines from the rat hypothalamus in vitro.

Abstract The direct effects of L-deprenyl, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, on the hypothalamus of male Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated by measuring the efflux of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and an in vitro incubation system. After measuring basal efflux by incubating the hypothalami with Krebs-Ringers Henseleit (KRH) alone during the first incubation period, hypothalami were incubated either with the medium, KRH alone (0 mM), or KRH containing 0.1, 1, and 10 mM L-deprenyl. During the third incubation period, hypothalami were again incubated with KRH alone to measure the residual effects if any. During the final incubation period, the hypothalami were stimulated with high K + KRH. Deprenyl produced a dose-dependent increase in the efflux of NE, DA, and 5-HT from the hypothalami. Neurotransmitter efflux returned to pretreatment levels when L-deprenyl was removed from the medium. In contrast to NE, DA, and 5-HT, the efflux of the metabolites DOPAC and 5-HIAA was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion after incubation with L-deprenyl. Results from this study demonstrate that L-deprenyl is capable of stimulating the efflux of neurotransmitters in vitro by a direct action on the hypothalamus.
Intellectual Property Rights, the Industrial Revolution, and the Beginnings of Modern Economic Growth

There is a growing consensus that in all cases of successful and unsuccessful economic growth, institutions mattered (Elhanan Helpman 2008; Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson 2005). Somewhat oddly, little detailed research has been done to date to relate the Industrial Revolution, the taproot of modern economic growth, to its institutional origins (but see Mokyr 2008). The focus of institutional analysis has been either on earlier episodes of mostly Smithian growth, such as the commercial revolutions in medieval Europe (Avner Greif 2005), or on more modern experiences, when good data allowed researchers to have a meaningful debate on how to test hypotheses on the importance of institutions. The main argument made about institutions and the British Industrial Revolution is that political events from the late seventeenth century on created a regime that supported an executive that was sufficiently constrained to create a “rule of law” and respect private property rights, and yet not engage in (or permit others to engage in) unbridled rent-seeking (Douglass North and Barry Weingast 1989; Kenneth Dam 2005). Part of this argument is that in this age intellectual property rights (IPR) began to be increasingly res pected. The reason this argument is central is that, in the end, the Industrial Revolution was a set of tech nological improvements, a few large and dramatic, most mundane and incremental. The kind of insti tutions that incentivize technological progress differ from those that support the growth of markets by pro tecting property rights. It is true that in a wholly lawless society technological progress is unlikely, but all the same the institutions that support the different kinds of growth are not likely to be identical. Indeed, one could argue that to some extent the reverse was needed for Intellectual Property Rights, the Industrial Revolution, and the Beginnings of Modern Economic Growth
Lag between Incorporation of Proline into Protocollagen and Synthesis of Hydroxyproline during Collagen Biosynthesis in vitro and in vivo

THE hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine in collagen are synthesized by hydroxylation of proline and lysine after these amino-acids have been incorporated into peptide linkages (for review see ref. 1). Experiments with embryonic cartilage in vitro in which the hydroxylases were intermittently inhibited demonstrated that the hydroxylations can occur after the proline-rich and lysine-rich polypeptide precursor protocollagen is released from ribosomal complexes1,2. There has been controversy, however, over the question of whether in uninhibited systems the hydroxylation of the appropriate prolyl and lysyl residues occurs while nascent polypeptide chains are still being assembled on ribosomes1,3,4.
Regulatory action criteria for filth and other extraneous materials v. strategy for evaluating hazardous and nonhazardous filth.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) uses regulatory action criteria for filth and extraneous materials to evaluate adulteration of food products. The criteria are organized into three categories: health hazards, indicators of insanitation, and natural or unavoidable defects. The health hazard category includes criteria for physical, chemical, and microbiological hazards associated with filth and extraneous materials. The health hazard category encompasses criteria for HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) hazards and HACCP contributing factors. The indicators of insanitation category includes criteria for visibly objectionable contaminants, contamination from commensal pests, and other types of contamination that are associated with insanitary conditions in food processing and storage facilities. The natural or unavoidable category includes criteria for harmless, naturally occurring defects and contaminants. A decision tree is presented for the sequential application of regulatory action criteria for filth and extraneous materials associated with each category and with each type of filth or extraneous material in the three categories. This final report of a series in the development of a transparent science base for a revised FDA regulatory policy in the area of filth and extraneous materials in food includes a comprehensive list of the references that form the science base for the FDA regulatory policy.
The coefficient of the whole is an average of the coefficients of its parts: A special case of restricted least squares

Abstract This paper provides a consistent estimate of the bound of the marginal effect of an unobserved right-hand side variable on the dependent variable when only the sum of that variable with a positively correlated variable is available.
The determination of blood spot glucose concentration using a rapid kinetic assay

An end point enzymatic glucose assay (‘Merckotest Gluc-DH’) has been modified to create a rapid kinetic assay for the determination of glucose concentration in the dried filter paper blood spots from patients with diabetes mellitus.
The Centrality of Book 8 in Paradise Lost

(2001). The Centrality of Book 8 in Paradise Lost. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 45-55.
Acquisition of cognitive skill

A framework for skill acquisition is proposed that includes two major stages in the development of a cognitive skill: a declarative stage in which facts about the skill domain are interpreted and a procedural stage in which the domain knowledge is directly embodied in procedures for performing the skill. This general framework has been instantiated in the ACT system in which facts are encoded in a propositional network and procedures are encoded as productions. Knowledge compilation is the process by which the skill transits from the declarative stage to the procedural stage. It consists of the subprocesses of composition, which collapses sequences of productions into single productions, and proceduralization, which embeds factual knowledge into productions. Once proceduralized, further learning processes operate on the skill to make the productions more selective in their range of applications. These processes include generalization, discrimination, and strengthening of productions. Comparisons are made to similar concepts from past learning theories. How these learning mechanisms apply to produce the power law speedup in processing time with practice is discussed.
Slf-stabiliezing leader election in dynamic networks

Three silent self-stabilizing asynchronous distributed algorithms are given for the leader election problem in a dynamic network with unique IDs, using the composite model of computation. A leader is elected for each connected component of the network. A BFS tree is also constructed in each component, rooted at the leader. This election takes O(Diam) rounds, where Diam is the maximum diameter of any component. Links and processes can be added or deleted, and data can be corrupted. After each such topological change or data corruption, the leader and BFS tree are recomputed if necessary. All three algorithms work under the unfair daemon. The three algorithms differ in their leadership stability. The first algorithm, which is the fastest in the worst case, chooses an arbitrary process as the leader. The second algorithm chooses the process of highest priority in each component, where priority can be defined in a variety of ways. The third algorithm has the strictest leadership stability. If the configuration is legitimate, and then any number of topological faults occur at the same time but no variables are corrupted, the third algorithm will converge to a new legitimate state in such a manner that no process changes its choice of leader more than once, and each component will elect a process which was a leader before the fault, provided there is at least one former leader in that component.
Mechanism for chromosome and minichromosome segregation in Escherichia coli

A mechanism for the segregation of chromosomes and minichromosomes into daughter cells during division of Escherichia coli is presented. It is based on the idea that the cell envelope contains a large number of sites capable of binding to the chromosomal replication origin, oriC, and that a polymerizing DNA strand becomes attached to one of the sites at initiation of a round of replication. The attachment sites are distributed throughout the actively growing cell envelope, i.e. lateral envelope and septum, but not in the existing cell poles. This asymmetric distribution of oriC attachment sites accounts for the experimentally observed non-random chromosome and minichromosome segregation, and for the variation in the degree of non-random segregation with cell strain and growth rate. The multi-site attachment concept also accounts for the unstable maintenance of minichromosomes.
A balanced placebo investigation of the effects of alcohol vs. alcohol expectancy on simulated driving behavior.

The present investigation employed a balanced placebo design to examine the effects of alcohol versus the belief that one has consumed alcohol, i.e., alcohol expectancy, on error production while operating a driving simulator. The male subjects employed were social drinkers, having no history of alcohol abuse. The alcoholic beverage consisted of vodka and tonic in the ratio of 1:5, resulting in a mean blood alcohol level of .064%. The placebo beverage consisted of water and tonic, also in the ratio 1:5. Principal findings were that alcohol ingestion had a debilitating effect on certain measures of driving behavior (operation of brakes, steering), whereas the belief that one had consumed alcohol had no discernable effects. The results are discussed in relation to other findings using the balanced placebo design. It was concluded that reckless driving under the influence of alcohol, is at least partly a result of the pharmological effects of ethanol.
The interaction of Cibacron Blue F3GA with troponin and its subunits.

Binding of troponin to Cibacron Blue F3GA-agarose column and its selective release from the gel in the presence of 0.5 M KCl provides the basis for a new purification method. The two-step procedure consists of isoelectric precipitation of tropomyosin and chromatography of the resultant crude troponin supernatant on Affi-Gel Blue column. Adsorption of troponin to the immobilized dye appears to occur through the troponin-T subunit. Troponin-I and troponin-C do not bind to the blue agarose column, whereas troponin-T binds to it very tightly. Binding of the dye to troponin-T prevents formation of troponin-T-troponin-C complex, but does not interfere with direct interaction of troponin-T with troponin-I. The activity of troponin in conferring calcium sensitivity on actomyosin ATPase is not affected by Cibacron Blue. Circular dichroism and difference absorption measurements of complexes of the blue dye with troponin and its subunits reveal the presence of a tight binding site on whole troponin and on troponin-T (KA ⩾ 106M). The existence of weak binding sites for the dye on troponin and all of its subunits is deduced from difference absorption studies. Cibacron Blue appears to be a sensitive probe for subunit interactions in troponin.
Indoor thermal environmental conditions near glazed facades with shading devices – Part I: Experiments and building thermal model

This paper presents an experimental study of indoor thermal environment near a full-scale glass facade with different types of shading devices under varying climatic conditions in winter. Interior glazing and shading temperature, operative temperature and radiant temperature asymmetry were measured for facade sections with roller shades and venetian blinds at different positions. Interior glass surface temperatures can be high during sunny days with low outdoor temperature. Shading systems significantly improved operative temperature and radiant temperature asymmetry during cold sunny days, depending on their properties and tilt angle. During cloudy days the impact was smaller, however the shading layers could still decrease the amount of heat loss through the facade. A transient building thermal model, which also calculates indoor environmental indices under the presence of solar radiation, was developed and compared with the experimental measurements. Part II of this paper uses this validated model with a transient, two-node thermal comfort model (including transmitted solar radiation) for assessment of indoor environmental conditions with different building envelope and shading properties, facade location and orientation.
Analysis of Quality Control and Quality Assurance Data for Superpave Mixes

Asphalt content, voids, and mat density quality control-quality assurance data were collected for selected Marshall and Superpave mixes during 1997 and for selected Superpave mixes during 1998 and 1999. Analyses indicate that the accuracies and variabilities of asphalt content measurements for Marshall and Superpave mixes are comparable. However, analyses also indicate that the accuracies and variabilities of voids and mat density measurements are not comparable. Moreover, variabilities for Superpave mixes are much higher, and measurements for Superpave mixes are more off target than those for Marshall mixes. The effects of gyratory compactor use, mix design range for an equivalent single-axle load, and maximum aggregate size were investigated to explain the observed differences. Although few consistent trends were observed, all these factors seem to affect the variabilities and accuracies of air voids and mat densities of Superpave mixes.
Electrophysiological measures in facial paresis and paralysis

Facial nerve injuries are debilitating events for patients. In many cases recovery is spontaneous and complete; in others prompt medical and/or surgical intervention will be necessary to improve the patient’s outcome. Objective measurements are valuable tools that can help identify candidates for intervention. Electroneuronography and electromyography are the most commonly used objective measures of facial function. Basic examination techniques and recording parameters are discussed. A literature review indicated that, depending on the criteria used, Electroneuronography was 50-91% accurate (Positive Predictive Value or PPV) in identifying individuals requiring intervention and 80-100% accurate in predicting those who recover spontaneously (Negative Predictive Value or NPV). Electromyography can be used to assess both volitional movements (PPV 75-91% and NPV 62-89%) and for spontaneous activity (PPV 80-100% and NPV 92-96%). Attention is paid to how grading criteria and the timing of the examinations impacts the accuracy of both Electroneuronography and Electromyography. Specific protocols are suggested for patients with facial nerve injury.
Interconnecting OSI and non-OSI networks using an integrated directory

The emergence of OSI as an international standard is fostering a desire to interconnect existing networks and network architectures to OSI. In order to achieve this, a global scheme is necessary to provide object identification, and specific solutions are needed to provide internetwork addressibility between applcations. A structured naming level can be built on top of existing application program interfaces, and the necessary internetwork addressing and directory query capabilities can be provided by an application-level gateway. The address mechanism on the gateway maps local proxies into foreign addresses; the originality of the scheme is that proxies are built dynamically during internetwork directory calls, thus overcoming the typical problems of proxy schemes. The functions at the gateway can be organized into a base and option set structure, and be implemented up to the desired level of sophistication. The design presented is modular, and provides hooks for possible future evolutions of network architectures.
Advances in Bioapplications of Carbon Nanotubes

This progress report provides an overview on recent advances in bioapplications of carbon nanotubes including the chemical modification of carbon nanotubes, targeting specifically their covalent and noncovalent conjugations with a variety of biological and bioactive species (proteins and peptides, DNAs/RNAs, and carbohydrates). Furthermore, the significant recent development and progress in the use of carbon nanotubes for biosensors, drug and other delivery systems, bioimaging, etc. and in the understanding of in vivo biodistribution and toxicity of carbon nanotubes are reported.
Action of cortisol introduced into the supraoptic nucleus, on vasopressin release and antidiuresis during hypertonic saline infusion in conscious rhesus monkeys

In human subjects cortisol raises the osmotic threshold for vasopressin release. The presumption that this results from a direct inhibitory action of cortisol on osmotically stimulated vasopressin release has been tested in conscious rhesus monkeys. Preparatory surgical procedures included chronic bladder catheterization, placement of cannulae in the right atrium, the left jugular vein and the stomach and stereotaxic insertion of metal cannulae in both supraoptic nuclei. The osmotic threshold for vasopressin release was defined as the plasma osmolality at the beginning of the 3 min urine sample in which free water clearance first fell by greater than 2 SD below the mean control level, in response to 5% saline infusion during constant hydration. Compared with control substances (0.9% saline solution or 11-deoxycortisol crystals), cortisol solution or crystals introduced into both supraoptic nuclei significantly lowered the plasma osmolality during the water-induced pre-saline diuresis, so that a larger amount of 5% NaCl infusion was required to reach the osmotic threshold. Thus, cortisol introduced into the supraoptic nuclei prolonged the duration of 5% saline infusion needed to reach the osmotic threshold, and raised the increment in plasma osmolality needed to reach the threshold but cortisol did not significantly raise the absolute level of the threshold.
Spectrum of fetal echocardiographic findings in fetuses of women with clinical or serologic evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective. To assess the prevalence of cardiac abnormalities in fetuses of women with clinical or serologic evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods. A retrospective review of fetal echocardiograms performed secondary to maternal SLE or connective tissue antibodies with or without fetal complete heart block (CHB) was performed to evaluate the prevalence of fetal structural heart disease, valve regurgitation, abnormal ventricular function, pericardial effusion, endocardial fibroelastosis and rhythm abnormalities.Results. Forty-one fetuses were studied. One fetal demise occurred. Three fetuses had structural abnormalities, including d-transposition of the great arteries (n = 1) and pulmonic stenosis (n = 2). Seventeen fetuses had valve regurgitation. The prevalence of valve regurgitation was: tricuspid (n = 15), mitral (n = 6), pulmonic (n = 4) and aortic (n = 2). Two fetuses with pulmonic insufficiency had pulmonic stenosis. Four fetuses had CHB, one of which developed atrial flutter. Prolong...
Gas transport and sorption in polyaniline thin film

Abstract The permeability of gases through thin polyaniline EB film depends upon the combined mobility and solubility of the gases at a given temperature and pressure. The gas transport behavior of an emeraldine base (EB) film was studied in detail. Permeability measurements were made using the manometric time-lag method of analysis for He, H2, CO2, O2, N2 and CH4, all as functions of varying temperature (15° to 40° C). These measurements allowed us to determine the activation energies for permeation, diffusion, and heat of solution for each gas tested. Permeability of the gases is temperature dependent, permeability increases with increasing temperature and permselectivity of the gas pairs He/N2, O2/N2, CO2/CH4 decreases with increasing temperature.
Topical capsaicin as an adjuvant analgesic for the treatment of traumatic amputee neurogenic residual limb pain

The treatment of amputee residual limb pain can at times be a challenge for the physician. Occasionally, traditional analgesic medication regimens cannot be used or are ineffective in relieving the pain. Topical capsaicin cream has been a beneficial adjuvant medication in the treatment of some painful conditions. The authors present three patients with traumatic upper limb amputations where topical capsaicin cream was of benefit in the treatment of neurogenic residual limb pain. The hope is that these cases will increase awareness of the potential use of capsaicin cream as an adjuvant analgesic in patients with residual limb pain. Common causes of residual limb pain and the pharmacology of capsaicin cream are discussed.
Theory of the Accuracy of Wedge Density Matching of Logarithmically Sectored Spectra

An elementary theory on the accuracy of wedge-density matching for logarithmically sectored spectra is given The results of the theory show that, other things being equal, the fractional error, as a result of wedge-density matching, in the measurement of intensity ratios of line pairs varies inversely as the intensity scale gamma of the emulsion employed, and within limits, is independent of both the magnification of the spectrum and the sector constant.
Polynomial bases for algebraic elements

Abstract In [1] rational basis functions were developed for patchwork C 0 approximation over partitions of planar regions with algebraic elements. It was thought that this could not be accomplished with polynomial basis functions. A new construction is described here which yields the desired approximation with polynomial basis functions.
4915 Long-term results of photodynamic therapy for barrett's esophagus.

Many mucosal ablative techniques have been used to treat Barrett's esophagus but their long-term effects are unknown. Aim: To determine the longterm results of patients with Barrett's esophagus treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods: Patients with documented Barrett's esophagus confirmed by two experienced GI pathologists were entered into a photodynamic therapy trial. PDT was performed by administering intravenous hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) at a dose of 1.75-4 mg/kg followed in 48 hours by endoscopy and photoradiation at a dose of 175-200 J/cm fiber using a 2.5 cm cylindrical diffusing fiber. Patients were treated with omperazole 40 mg a day for maintenance therapy. Patients have been prospectively followed with endoscopy performed with biopsies taken in 4 quadrants every centimeter throughout the length of the esophagus that was formerly occupied by Barrett s mucosa. Biopsies were also taken extensively from the squamocolumnar junction. Surveillance was performed at 3-6 month intervals dependent on the degree of dysplasia. We assessed patients who have had a minimum of 1 year of follow-up after PDT. Results: A total of 78 patients (63 males) with a mean age 61±1 years have been treated with PDT for Barrett's esophagus and followed for a mean of 34±2 months. The initial Barrett's segment was 7±1 cm in length that significantly decreased to 2±1 cm after an average 2 of treatments (p
On Exponentially Weighted Recursive Least Squares for Estimating Time-Varying Parameters and its Application to Computer Workload Forecasting

Motivated by a relationship between the exponentially weighted recursive least squares (RLS) and the Kalman filter (KF) under a special state-space model (SSM), several simple generalizations of RLS are discussed. These generalized RLS algorithms preserve the key feature of exponential weighting but provide additional flexibility for better tracking performance. They can even outperform KF in some situations when the SSM assumption does not hold. The algorithms are applied to a problem of computer workload forecasting with real data.
Facebook Self-Presentational Motives: Daily Effects on Social Anxiety and Interaction Success

Using self-presentation theory as the framework, this research examined whether individuals’ social anxiety and interaction success were associated with their Facebook-specific self-presentation motives and their social competence. Specifically, social competence was examined as a moderator of the association between people's daily Facebook self-presentational motives—either their motivation to convey a positive (i.e., socially desirable) impression or their concern with conveying a negative impression—and either their daily (a) social anxiety or (b) interaction success. Multilevel models were used to analyze these daily associations. Results indicated that people reported greater interaction success on days when they reported greater positive Facebook self-presentation motivation and less negative Facebook self-presentation concern in conjunction with less social competence. Moreover, people reported greater negative Facebook self-presentation concerns on the day following reports of high social anxiety....