cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Algebraic techniques in designing quantum synchronizable codes

Quantum synchronizable codes are quantum error-correcting codes that can correct the effects of quantum noise as well as block synchronization errors. We improve the known general framework for designing quantum synchronizable codes through more extensive use of the theory of finite fields. This makes it possible to widen the range of tolerable magnitude of block synchronization errors while giving mathematical insight into the algebraic mechanism of synchronization recovery. Also given are families of quantum synchronizable codes based on punctured Reed-Muller codes and their ambient spaces.
Reconfigurable patch with switchable conductive edges

This article demonstrates the use of materials with variable conductivity on the edges of a rectangular patch antenna to change the resonant frequency. The dimensions of the patch and edge material are numerically optimized to create resonances at four microwave frequencies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1757–1760, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24430
Catastrophic flood hypothesis for the origin of the Souris spillway, Saskatchewan and North Dakota

Glacial-lake spillways in the midcontinent region consist of narrow, deep trenches connecting proglacial lake basins. Geomorphic and sedimentologic evidence from the Souris and Des Lacs spillways in Saskatchewan and North Dakota indicates a catastrophic drainage of Glacial Lake Regina. The Souris spillway in Saskatchewan is composed of a broad, upper scoured surface 5 to 10 km wide, which merges with the floor of Glacial Lake Regina. The upper surface is longitudinally grooved and mantled with coarse lag deposits. An inner trench, 1 km wide and 20 to 45 m deep, occupies the center of the spillway. The two-level morphology of the spillway probably developed by initial erosion of the upper level, followed by incision of the inner trench, a sequence of events shown by flume experiments performed by Shepherd and Schumm. Near the Saskatchewan and North Dakota border, the flood water bifurcated into two branches as part of the water spilled over a divide into another spillway channel. The two spillways in North Dakota, pre-existing meltwater channels, were occupied and enlarged by the discharge from Glacial Lake Regina. Along the path of the spillways leading to the Glacial Lake Souris basin, water repeatedly breached the sides of the channels, eroding shallow channels leading away from the spillway. Near Minot, North Dakota, a significant amount of the water spilled out toward the east and eroded a plexus of anastomosing channels with streamlined erosional remnants between the channels. Deposits of the flood include huge point bars located at the inside of each channel meander. Internally, the bars generally consist of poorly sorted, indistinctly bedded, coarse gravel containing boulders of resistant and nonresistant lithologies as much as 3 m in diameter. Peak discharge of 1 × 10 5 m 3 /s or more may have been achieved at the outlet of the lake. At this rate, Glacial Lake Regina would have drained rapidly, probably in less than a month. The most likely cause for the rapid drainage of such proglacial lakes as Glacial Lake Regina was high discharge inflow of water from an upstream source along the ice margin.
Recent Progress in SRM Ignition Transient Modeling

The quasi-3D CFD approach presented by Wang 1 for 3-D SRM ignition transient flow has been applied to perform predictions for static firings. The results of two interesting cases are presented in this paper. For the first case, Case-A, the motor has narrow fin-slots. Comparisons of the CFD results and the test data led Landsbaum 2 to review the deficiencies of erosive burning models currently being used. For the second case, Case-B, the motor has a large inhibited area of propellant surface. For this case, an analytical model for the behavior of the inhibitor during the motor ignition transient was derived based on an energy balance. The chamber pressure predicted by the CFD simulation, performed before the testing, agreed very well with the test data.
Observability of spectroscopically active compounds in the atmosphere of Jupiter

The abundances of several hundred volatile compounds have been calculated at several different levels in the atmosphere of Jupiter. Complete chemical equilibrium has been assumed, and a solar-composition, adiabatic-equilibrium model of the atmospheric composition and structure is used throughout. The results which relate to upper limits on the abundances of spectroscopically active compounds in the upper atmosphere are, however, directly applicable to subadiabatic models. The principal results are that only H2, CH4, and NH3 are predicted to be observable with present techniques. These three species are in fact the only compounds conclusively identified in Jupiter spectra to date. A number of plausible previously suggested constituents of the upper atmosphere, such as SiH4, H2S, PH3, H2Se, C2H6, etc. are shown to be absent if equilibrium is attained. A number of different possible cloud-forming condensates are identified, mostly ammonium compounds. Silicon is shown to reside mainly in the gas phase, principally as SiH4, SiO, and Si, and a deep diffuse SiO2 cloud layer is predicted. Should Jupiter have a core, it must be mainly Fe, Ni, Cr, MgO, Al2O3, CaO, and Ti2O3, possibly in the form of an Fe alloy plus a mixture of MgO, spinel, sphene, and some more complex refractory silicates. The presence of a core is not an essential feature of this model. A simple solar-composition adiabatic model for the atmosphere of Jupiter is found to be completely compatible with present observational evidence. It is not, however, possible to conclude that this model is correct: a subadiabatic model or one in which the H2 abundance is varied by as much as a factor of 10 would agree with the observations equally well, except of course with regard to the H: C ratio. A probe to the 500° level of the atmosphere of Jupiter, where the total pressure is several hundred atmospheres, would permit verification or refutation of a number of features of this model. The most crucial experiment, besides a thermocouple or resistance thermometer and a pleasure gauge, would be a small mass spectrometer capable of measuring the abundance of atmospheric constituents up to at least mass number 40. Coupled with spectroscopic and magnetic-field experiments performed by a flyby vehicle, these measurements would be capable of defining a very specific and detailed model of the atmosphere of Jupiter. The general conclusions of this paper apply without substantial modification to Saturn, but not necessarily to Uranus or Neptune, since the latter cannot have solar composition.
Quantitative open‐path FTIR with the use of isotopic standards

Emphasis on air quality has increased the need for a rapid method of measuring air pollutants. Remote Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) offers rapid, on-site analysis of large areas and requires no sample preparation. Simple quantitative methods that reflect conditions present at the time of the measurement are other advantages of remote FTIR. This is especially important when one is attempting to use ambient background sources where the intensity of the source alters absorption intensities and calibration curves. Quantitative remote FTIR is based on Beer's law and matching the analyte spectrum with reference spectra. The reference spectra are measured separately and do not account for variation in source intensity or temperature, or for unknown interferences. Substituting deuterium for one or more hydrogens in a volatile organic compound (VOC) shifts the vibrational frequency, allowing the deuterated compound to be measured simultaneously with the VOC. The reference spectra for the Beer's law plot can be measured at the same time as the analyte and a slope and y intercept conversion allows determination of the analyte concentration. We have used isotopic references for quantitative open-path FTIR measurements of acetone and methanol and have achieved better than 10% accuracy in the parts-per-million concentration range. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 3: 105–110, 1999
Development of new microsatellite loci for the genus Polistes from publicly available expressed sequence tag sequences

Over the last 20 years, microsatellites have revolutionized the study of cooperation in the social insects. The Polistes paper wasps have been an important model system for investigations of cooperative behavior. Recently, an expressed sequence tag (EST) library has been developed for P. metricus, allowing researchers to investigate the genetic basis of cooperative behavior in primitive social insect societies for the first time. We searched these freely available EST sequences for microsatellite motifs. This represents a relatively new approach to the development of microsatellite loci that allows for the development of a greater number of loci at less expense. We designed 32 PCR primer pairs, of which 23 amplified PCR products and 18 were polymorphic. These loci exhibited high levels of polymorphism, comparable to anonymous loci isolated via screens of partial genomic libraries. Thus, they are appropriate for population genetic studies as well as the reconstruction of colony genetic structure. A screen of the entire EST database found a total of 708 di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-nucleotide repeats with large repeat units typical of polymorphic loci and at least 30 bp of flanking sequence for primer design. This pool of potential loci represents a new genetic tool for P. metricus, as well as Polistes more generally, as there is great promise for cross amplification in other species.
Party Competition and Industrial Structure in the 2012 Elections: Who's Really Driving the Taxi to the Dark Side?

This paper analyzes patterns of industrial structure and party competition in the 2012 presidential election. The analysis rests on a new and more comprehensive database that catches more of the myriad ways in which businesses and major investors make political contributions than previous studies do. By drawing on this unified database, the paper is able to show that both major parties depend on very large donors to a greater extent than past studies have estimated. The paper outlines the firm and sectoral bases of support for the major party nominees, as well as for Republican candidates who competed for their party's presidential nomination. The paper shows that President Barack Obama's support by big business was broader than hitherto recognized. A central conclusion is that the sectors most involved in the recent controversies over surveillance were among the president's strongest supporters. The paper also analyzes patterns of business support for the Tea Party in Congress, showing that certain parts...
Shocking Atrocities in Colorado: Newspapers' Responses to the Ludlow Massacre

Abstract This article examines twelve newspapers' coverage of the Colorado mine strike and Ludlow Massacre of April 1914. Rather than following the usual pattern of focusing solely on the conflict between the strikers and the mine operators, many newspapers developed two unique themes. One of these used the rhetorical argument of a paradoxical appeal to common belief by comparing the situation in Colorado to the ongoing revolution in Mexico. A second theme condemned the slaughter of the strikers and their families by the state militia and camp guards.
Control-group feature normalization for multivariate pattern analysis of structural MRI data using the support vector machine☆

Normalization of feature vector values is a common practice in machine learning. Generally, each feature value is standardized to the unit hypercube or by normalizing to zero mean and unit variance. Classification decisions based on support vector machines (SVMs) or by other methods are sensitive to the specific normalization used on the features. In the context of multivariate pattern analysis using neuroimaging data, standardization effectively up- and down-weights features based on their individual variability. Since the standard approach uses the entire data set to guide the normalization, it utilizes the total variability of these features. This total variation is inevitably dependent on the amount of marginal separation between groups. Thus, such a normalization may attenuate the separability of the data in high dimensional space. In this work we propose an alternate approach that uses an estimate of the control-group standard deviation to normalize features before training. We study our proposed approach in the context of group classification using structural MRI data. We show that control-based normalization leads to better reproducibility of estimated multivariate disease patterns and improves the classifier performance in many cases.
Central and Eastern Europe, 1944–1993: Crisis and erosion of state socialism, 1973–88

What was the reason for the spectacular decline after 1973 and then the universal collapse of state socialism in Central and Eastern Europe at the end of the 1980s? What was the prelude to 1989? How did the crisis became manifest and how did the system decline into an unstoppable process of erosion? Economic and international factors of the crisis Emerging economic crisis To answer these questions, one has to delve into several different layers of a rather complex historical phenomenon. The first layer may be found in the region's economic performance. If an impressive growth rate, a catching up process, and increased income in most cases provided a sort of legitimization and acceptance, the decline began when these aspects dried up. This did not happen at once, but economic trends in Central and Eastern Europe dramatically changed in about 1973. Angus Maddison's calculations offer a broad view of the process: between 1913 and 1950, the Central and Eastern European countries comprised one of the slowest growing regions of the world. Their average 1 percent per capita GNP growth rate remained behind the growth of the advanced European ‘Core’ countries (1.3 percent), the non-European ‘Core’ countries (1.4 percent), Latin America (1.4 percent), and even Africa (1.2 percent); only Asia had slower growth (with its – 0.1 percent). In contrast, between 1950 and 1973, Central and Eastern Europe could boast the best performance: its unprecedented 3.9 percent average annual per capita growth surpassed the growth rate of the European and non-European ‘Core’ (3.8 and 2.2 percent respectively), and was also better than the very rapid Asian (3.7 percent) and the less impressive Latin-American (2.5 percent) and African (1.7 percent) growth rates.
Longitudinal Stiffeners for Compression Members

Simplified methods based on buckling strength are developed for proportioning stiffening lips on thin flanges and intermediate stiffeners on thin sheet subjected to uniform compression. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical stiffeners and lips are considered. Buckling strengths are determined from the equivalent slenderness ratio formulas presented and column buckling equations. The radius of gyration of stiffener or lip required to provide essentially a hinge support for the flange or sheet at the stiffener is developed. Compression tests of thingage hat sections of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 provide information on the buckling strength and behavior of sections with lipped flanges. These and other previously published test data substantiate the equations developed for buckling of lipped flanges.
Laser and light-based treatments of venous lakes: a literature review

Venous lake is a benign vascular malformation commonly seen in elderly patients, typically arising in sun-exposed areas of the body. Patients often seek treatment to prevent recurrent bleeding or because they find the lesion cosmetically unacceptable. Venous lake may negatively affect quality of life, due to the cosmetic disfigurement it can create and the resulting psychological distress. Traditional treatments, such as surgical excision, cryosurgery, sclerotherapy, and electrocoagulation, result in varying degrees of success and can cause discomfort. Laser- and light-based treatment modalities may offer a safe and effective alternative, as numerous studies have shown their benefit in the treatment of venous lakes, particularly with the long-pulsed 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG). Although various types of lasers and lights have been studied, there remains a lack of general consensus as to which one is the superior laser modality. Further studies that establish standardized protocols to compare the results of using different types of laser treatments are warranted.
International Realism and the Science of Politics: Thucydides, Machiavelli, and Neorealism

Contemporary structural realism, or “neorealism,” has become immensely influential in the contemporary study of international relations, due in part to its claims to be more scientific than its predecessors. The realist tradition, however, has always laid claim to a species of scientific rigor. The arguments of the classical realists Thucydides and Machiavelli are used to assess the claims of contemporary realism to be an advance over classical realism, and to investigate the relation between the science of politics and the ethical issues raised by realism in general.
Integrating Food Waste Diversion into Food Systems Planning: A Case Study of the Mississippi Gulf Coast

Food waste presents a great challenge for the efficiency of food systems and for solid waste management. Many solid waste management strategies can be used for managing food waste in the food system, but their implementation depends on local factors. Strategies must also be modified or designed to accommodate local needs and unique circumstances. This paper reports the planning process undertaken in the Mississippi Gulf Coast to develop a food system plan that integrated strategies to manage food waste more sustainably. The planning process was a three-step process that engaged stakeholders in the food supply chain from production, distribution, retail, and consumption through to post-consumption. The article describes the specific steps taken to assess the generation of food waste in the foodshed, engage stakeholders, and develop strategies for food waste diversion and management. It concludes by offering recommendations on how communities can integrate food waste diversion into their food system planning efforts.
Rabies Epidemiology in Qingshen County,2009

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies,understand the current status and related factors of rabies epidemic in Qingshen and provide evidence for the prevention and control of rabies.Methods Epidemiological survey of the cases and descriptive epidemiological analysis were conducted.Results Two sporadic rabies cases occurred in 2009,which were with dog bite exposure,without vaccination and were clinically diagnosed.The incubation period was 30 days,from September 2007 to September 2009,1 062 people were exposed to dog bite,522 received post exposure treatment,accounting for 49.2%,35 received no post exposure treatment,accounting for 3.2%,507 received rabies vaccination,accounting for 47.7% and 555 received no rabies vaccination,accounting for 52.3%.ConclusionThe standard post exposure treatment and rabies vaccination in Qingshen should be strengthened,otherwise rabies cases might occurred again.
Effects of Milk(Milk Active Peptide) and Processing Technology on Quality of Bread

In order to increase the consumption of dairy products, the influences of milk and active peptide from milk protein and processing technology on quality characteristics of bread were researched. The results showed that adding 6%(m/m) milk or 0.014%(m/m) active peptide from milk protein could increase the nutritional value, elasticity, specific volume and sensory quality of bread, and decrease the hardness of bread. The elasticity, hardness and specific volume of milk bread were 0.784, 901.46 g, and 6.3 mL/g, respectively, while those of the active peptide bread were 0.931, 1466.25 g, and 6.9 mL/g, respectively.The quality of bread was better than steamed bun and the formula for preparing bread can also be applied to steamed bun. The acrylamide content of bread was 92.6±8.4 μg/kg, which was significantly higher thanthat of steamed bun prepared by the combined steamed and roasted technologies(p0.01). No acrylamide was detected in the steamed bun processed with the same formula. Therefore, the steamed bread is safer than bread in acrylamide content. It provides reference for customs to choose bread or steamed bun in both tasty and safety.
Optimization of Gradation and Fineness Modulus of Naturally Fine Sands for Improved Performance as Fine Aggregate in Concrete

Abstract Sand is an accumulation of grains of mineral matter derived from the disintegration of rocks. It is distinguished from gravel only by the size of the grains or particles. Sand deposits of varying gradation are available in different regions of the world. The prime use of sand, as fine aggregate is in the manufacture of concrete. As fine aggregate comprises up to 30% of the total volume of concrete, consequently gradation and fineness modulus of sand are among principal factors affecting the performance of fresh and hardened concrete. For the purpose of this study, eight sand deposits were selected from various regions of Pakistan. The grain size distribution was compared with the ASTM gradation limits recommended for concrete. It was revealed that only two sands satisfy the ASTM gradation limits while all the others do not comply being on the finer side. For betterment of the construction industry, a sand optimization technique was developed. The optimization phase consisted of sieving the crusher fines and mixing different fractions of crusher fines with the natural sand in different combinations to get desired sand gradation. The optimized gradation curves matched with the ASTM limits and the optimized fineness modulus reached within the ASTM limits. The concrete made with optimized sands showed up to 39% increase in compressive strength. The composition of mineral constituents was also evaluated through x-ray diffraction and x-ray fluorescence, which indicated that the fine aggregate having higher silica content resulted in concrete with higher strength as compared to the one with higher calcium content. It was concluded that fine graded sands could be used in concreting after optimization that will reduce the huge transportation costs of using coarse sand from far-flung areas.
Coarsening, refining, and pattern emergence in binary epilayers

A thin binary epilayer on a substrate often exhibits intriguing phase separation behavior. The phases may self-organize into a regular pattern, such as an array of periodic stripes or a lattice of islands. The size of the phases may be stable on annealing - that is, the phases may resist coarsening. This paper develops a thermodynamic model to study such pattern emergence. We model the substrate-epilayer composite as a bulk solid coupled with a superficial object. The bulk solid is linear elastic. The superficial object is prescribed with an excess energy, which is a function of the concentration, the surface strain, and the concentration gradient. Atomic diffusion is confined within the epilayer, and the surface remains nominally flat. The concentration dependence dictates the relative stability of the phases. The strain dependence couples the morphology in the epilayer with the deformation in the substrate, mediating a long range action that refines the phases. The concentration gradient dependence gives a continuum description of the phase boundary energy, mediating a short range action that coarsens the phases. The competition of the refining and the coarsening actions sets a length scale and leads to phase patterns. We study a diffusion equation consistent with this energetic description, and report on the results of a linear stability analysis.
Digital health and social needs: An empirical study of intentions and behaviors

The convergence of wearable sensor technology and personalized predictive analytics has the potential to help researchers with early detection and treatment of medical problems. We anticipate that the clinical analysis of the flow of data coming from the individual's continuous monitoring will drive new discoveries and treatments. Moreover the development of personalized predictive models will drive the healthcare industry to shift from a reactive model to a proactive model, helping healthcare providers optimize care costs and offer a better customized service to patients. However, amidst the excitement for this new healthcare scenario, the amount of personal and sensitive data flowing from wearable devices to the cloud raises concerns about data security and customer privacy. While cyber-security experts and lawmakers are already working on securing the infrastructure, privacy issues are emerging from the individuals' social habits The convergence of social media with new wearable device features raises potential issues related to the online disclosure of sensitive medical data. Furthermore, the longitudinal collection of wearable data may lend itself to the development of new medical information, what we coin “emergent medical records”. Data from an exploratory study shows how user intent to avoid potential privacy issues disclosing sensitive medical information collides with the individual's social propensity to share wearable information, generating a potentially regrettable behavior.
Breaking down the invisible wall to enrich archival science and practice

This article reviews the state of archival science where basic concepts have been subject to a long stream of criticisms without satisfactory resolution of the issues identified. It establishes a ground for progress by articulating criteria for evaluating archival concepts and proposes a path forward by enriching archival science with concepts and methods from systemic functional linguistics and graph theory. Finally, it demonstrates how borrowing from these fields would satisfy the proposed criteria.
Dynamic compression: what it is, making metallic H and magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune

ABSTRACTStatic compression is a well-known method to achieve very high pressures in ‘cold’ (degenerate) condensed matter. Because dynamic compression is adiabatic, it achieves both high pressures and temperatures, which are tunable by choice of pressure-pulse shape. Dynamic compression uses supersonic hydrodynamic variables, which are straight forward to measure, to achieve a wide range of extreme thermodynamic states in degenerate condensed matter. Because dynamic compression developed primarily in national laboratories, it is relatively unknown to a significant portion of the high pressure community. This paper is a brief review of (i) dynamic compression itself, (ii) its application to making metallic fluid H (MFH) and (iii) implications of data generated at extreme conditions with dynamic compression for understanding the unusual magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune, which are made primarily by convection of semiconducting and MFH. Metallic hydrogen made under dynamic and static compression is compared.
Crystal structure of unsymmetrical α-di-imine palladium(II) complex cis-[{ArN=C(Me)-(Et)C=NAr}PdCl2] [Ar = 2,6-(iPr)2C6H3].

The unsymmetrical α-di­imine ligand N-{2-[2,6-bis­(propan-2-yl)phenylimino]pentan-3-yl­idene}-2,6-bis­(propan-2-yl)aniline, [ArN=C(Me)—(Et)C=NAr] [Ar = 2,6-(iPr)2C6H3], (I), and the corresponding palladium complex, cis-(N-{2-[2,6-bis­(propan-2-yl)phenylimino]pentan-3-yl­idene}-2,6-bis­(propan-2-yl)aniline)di­chlor­ido­palladium(II) 1,2-di­chloro­ethane monosolvate, [PdCl2(C29H42N2)]·C2H4Cl2 or cis[PdCl2{I}], (II), have been synthesized and characterized. The crystal and mol­ecular structure of the palladium(II) complex have been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallized along with a 1,2-di­chloro­ethane solvent of crystallization. The coordination plane of the PdII atom shows a slight tetra­hedral distortion from square-planar, as indicated by the dihedral angle between the PdCl2 and PdN2 planes of 4.19 (8)°. The chelate ring is folded along the N⋯N vector by 7.1 (1)°.
Evaluating the reliability and construct validity of the Eckardt symptom score as a measure of achalasia severity.

BACKGROUND Achalasia is a disease of mechanical esophageal dysfunction characterized by dysphagia, chest pain, regurgitation, and malnutrition. The Eckardt symptom score (ESS) is the gold standard self-report assessment tool. Current guidelines outline a three-step approach to patient reported outcomes measure design. Developed prior to these policies, the ESS has not undergone rigorous testing of its reliability and validity. METHODS Adult achalasia patients retrospectively identified via a patient registry were grouped based on treatment history. Patients were grouped PREPOST (completed ESS, GERDQ, brief esophageal dysphagia questionnaire, NIH PROMIS Global Health, high resolution manometry, timed barium esophagram prior to treatment and after) and POST (completed measures only after treatment). Clinical characteristics, treatment type and date were obtained via medical record. Standardized psychometric analyses for reliability and construct validity were performed. KEY RESULTS 107 patients identified; 83 POST and 24 PREPOST. The ESS has fair internal consistency and split-half reliability with a single factor structure. Dysphagia accounts for half the variance in ESS, while chest pain and weight loss account for 10% each. Pre-post-surgical assessment demonstrates improvements in ESS, except for weight loss. Effect sizes range from 0.24 to 2.53, with greatest change in regurgitation. Validity of the ESS is supported by modest correlations with GERDQ, HRQOL, and physiological data. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The ESS demonstrates fair reliability and validity, with a single factor structure mostly explained by dysphagia. Based on psychometric findings, weight loss and chest pain items may be decreasing ESS reliability and validity. Further assessment of the ESS under FDA guidelines is warranted.
Benchmark validation of statistical models: Application to mediation analysis of imagery and memory

This article describes benchmark validation, an approach to validating a statistical model. According to benchmark validation, a valid model generates estimates and research conclusions consistent with a known substantive effect. Three types of benchmark validation-(a) benchmark value, (b) benchmark estimate, and (c) benchmark effect-are described and illustrated with examples. Benchmark validation methods are especially useful for statistical models with assumptions that are untestable or very difficult to test. Benchmark effect validation methods were applied to evaluate statistical mediation analysis in eight studies using the established effect that increasing mental imagery improves recall of words. Statistical mediation analysis led to conclusions about mediation that were consistent with established theory that increased imagery leads to increased word recall. Benchmark validation based on established substantive theory is discussed as a general way to investigate characteristics of statistical models and a complement to mathematical proof and statistical simulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
A Multicenter Study of Patient-Reported Infectious and Noninfectious Complications Associated With Indwelling Urethral Catheters.

Importance Indwelling urethral catheters (ie, Foley catheters) are important in caring for certain hospitalized patients but can also cause complications in patients. Objective To determine the incidence of infectious and noninfectious patient-reported complications associated with the indwelling urethral catheter. Design, Setting, and Participants A prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with placement of a new indwelling urethral catheter while hospitalized at 1 of 4 US hospitals in 2 states. The study was conducted from August 26, 2015, to August 18, 2017. Participants were evaluated at baseline and contacted at 14 days and 30 days after insertion of the catheter about complications associated with the indwelling urethral catheter and how catheterization affected their social activities or activities of daily living. Exposures Indwelling urethral catheter placement during hospitalization. Patients were enrolled within 3 days of catheter insertion and followed up for 30 days after catheter placement, whether the catheter remained in or was removed from the patient. Main Outcomes and Measures Infectious and noninfectious complications associated with an indwelling urethral catheter as well as how the catheter affected patient social activities or activities of daily living. Results Of 2967 eligible patients, 2227 (75.1%) agreed to participate at 1 of 4 study sites; 2076 total patients were evaluated. Of these, 71.4% were male; mean (SD) age was 60.8 (13.4) years. Most patients (1653 of 2076 [79.6%]) had short-term catheters placed for surgical procedures. During the 30 days after urethral catheter insertion, 1184 of 2076 patients (57.0%; 95% CI, 54.9%-59.2%) reported at least 1 complication due to the indwelling urethral catheter. Infectious complications were reported by 219 of 2076 patients (10.5%; 95% CI, 9.3%-12.0%), whereas noninfectious complications (eg, pain or discomfort, blood in the urine, or sense of urinary urgency) occurred in 1150 patients (55.4%; 95% CI, 53.2%-57.6%) (P < .001). Women were more likely to report an infectious complication (92 of 594 [15.5%] women vs 127 of 1482 [8.6%] men; P < .001), while men were more likely to report a noninfectious complication (869 of 1482 [58.6%] men vs 281 of 594 [47.3%] women; P < .001). Restrictions in activities of daily living (49 of 124 patients [39.5%]) or social activity (54 of 124 [43.9%]) were commonly reported by the patients who had catheters still in place; sexual problems were reported by 99 of 2034 patients (4.9%) after their catheter was removed. Conclusions and Relevance Noninfectious complications of urethral catheters affect a substantial number of patients, underscoring the importance of avoiding urethral catheterization whenever possible. Given the high incidence of these patient-reported complications, urethral catheter-associated noninfectious complications should be a focus of surveillance and prevention efforts.
Opportunities for Enhancing Construction Education and Student Internships with Multimedia Tools

Construction education has long been challenged with integrating meaningful classroom education activities with field internships. This paper describes a case study in which educational material was developed with use of time-lapse photography collected by student-deployed cameras on a large, fast-moving construction project. Several distinct construction activities were identified for time-lapse documentation, and corresponding engineering material quantities were computed to show the progression of work. These quantitative estimates were combined with the time-lapse footage in a series of educational video modules, which will be disseminated and archived online for long-term access by students and the public. The video modules were designed to educate students on the various steps involved in a major roadway rehabilitation project and provide them with a more relatable context for the various bid item quantities that they would encounter in their work as student interns and professional engineers. These...
Scattering of Ions by Polyatomics and Solid Surfaces: Multicenter Short-Range Interactions

Time-of-flight (TOF) techniques with molecular beams provide a wealth of data on scattering of atoms by molecules and by solid surfaces.1-4 Figure 1 illustrates the experimental set-ups for the two kinds of targets. In (a) a beam of atoms A is crossed with a beam of molecules B, and the distribution of final velocities \(v_{A}^{{}'}\) of A are determined from TOF measurements at each scattering angle \(v_{A}^{{}'}\). In (b) a similar figure shows atoms A incident at angle θ with respect to the surface normal, scattered into θ′ with velocity ΘLab. These experiments, when analysed in a center-of-mass frame, provide double differential cross sections d2σ/(de dΩ), where e is the energy transfer, and Ω is the scattering solid angle.
A study of the dry abrasion properties of zinc-aluminum matrix; Fe, Al, A1203 particles composites

ABSTRACT Composite castings were prepared using commercial grade ZA27 as matrix material and either water atomized low carbon steel particles or air atomized aluminum particles. Ceramic particles such as alumina were also used in order to compare the behavior between metallic and ceramic particles. In order to compensate for matrix - particle density variations, rheocasting techniques were employed. These techniques produced castings with particle contents up to 20% vol. Near net shape forming of the composites at elevated temperatures (semi solid state) eliminated the casting porosities and produced a cohesive bond between the matrix and the particles. X-ray probe analysis of the particle matrix interface were conducted. Finally, a standard dry sand abrasion test was used to evaluate the strength of the particle - matrix interface and the increase in wear resistance that can be produced by adding particles to ZA27. Results show that even under severe mechanical solicitation, the particle-matrix bond held up. Furthermore, the use of large alumina particles produced a significant increase in wear resistance.
The Kiowa Case for Feature Insertion

Kiowa's rich fusional agreement system, with its systematic divergences between what is said and what is meant, shows that Morphology must permit the insertion of contextually unmarked feature values and that it is ipso facto postsyntactic.
Fourier Domain Reconstruction Methods with Application to Diffraction Tomography

Presented are algorithms for reconstructing two-dimensional functions from discrete and finite information available about their Fourier transform. The procedure is based upon an interpolation technique in the Fourier domain. The concept is applied to straight-path and diffraction tomography where Fourier domain information is available on a finite number of rotated contours. Finally, the resultant Fourier domain based methods are compared with their corresponding spatial domain based methods, i.e., filtered backprojection and backpropagation in terms of accuracy of reconstruction and computational efficiency.
Moments of Relational Depth in Sex Addiction Treatment

Sex addiction is a prevalent experience affecting up to 6% of the adult population. Although many interventions exist for addressing sex addiction, clinicians may benefit from considering the natur...
Marked point process filter for clusterless and adaptive encoding-decoding of multiunit activity

Real-time, closed-loop experiments can uncover causal relationships between specific neural activity and behavior. An important advance in realizing this is the marked point process filtering framework which utilizes the "mark" or the waveform features of unsorted spikes, to construct a relationship between these features and behavior, which we call the encoding model. This relationship is not fixed, because learning changes coding properties of individual neurons, and electrodes can physically move during the experiment, changing waveform characteristics. We introduce a sequential, Bayesian encoding model which allows incorporation of new information on the fly to adapt the model in real time. A possible application of this framework is to the decoding of the contents of hippocampal ripples in rats exploring a maze. During physical exploration, we observe the marks and positions at which they occur, to update the encoding model, which is employed to decode contents of ripples when rats stop moving, and switch back to updating the model once the rat starts moving again.
Towards combining usage mining and implementation analysis to infer API preconditions

The preconditions of an API method are constraints on the states of its receiver object and arguments intended by the library designer(s) to correctly invoke it in the client code. There have been two main kinds of approaches for automatically inferring API preconditions. The first kind of approaches mines the frequently checked conditions guarding the API usages in the client code and generalize them into preconditions. The second kind of approaches analyzes the implementation of the API to compute preconditions. In this paper, we report an observation that the usage-based approach often produces preconditions stronger than those intended while the implementation-based produces weaker ones. Our finding calls for a new direction of integrating those kinds of precondition inference approaches and refinement solutions to reduce the differences between sets of inferred preconditions.
Characterisation of phases and deformation temperature for additively manufactured shape memory polymer components fabricated from rubberised acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

Integrating shape memory polymers into additive manufacturing processes enables a form of 4D printing where a printed part can be manipulated into varying geometries upon the application of externa...
Real-world practice patterns and impact of PD-L1 expression testing in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

9059Background: Several tests measuring programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression are available to select patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) for PD-1 axis therapy in...
The Unruly, Loud, and Intersectional Muslim Woman: Interrupting the Aesthetic Styles of Islamic Fashion Images on Instagram

This article explores the concept of a social media interrupter , one who engages with the visual style and discourse of social media influencers while incorporating a subversive critique of the ways that social media spaces perpetuate injustices and marginalize voices. This concept of social media interrupter is discussed through an analysis of Islamic fashion iconoclast Leah Vernon, a self-identified fat, Black Muslim woman who uses her position as a fashionista on Instagram to insert her biting critique of both Islamic fashion and social media influencers. Instead of standing outside, she interrupts and disrupts Islamic fashion on Instagram by constantly bringing up concerns of body image, fatphobia, colorism, racism, economic inequality, and mental health. Leah’s intersectional feminist critique, I argue, gains power and visibility because of how she effectively interrupts the aesthetic style of Instagram by inserting her unruly body and her concern for social injustices.
Quantized Linear Systems

In this paper, we show that the coarsest quantizer that quadratically stabilizes a single input linear discrete time invariant system is logarithmic, and can be computed by solving a special LQR problem. We provide a close form for the optimal logarithmic base exclusively in terms of the unstable eigenvalues of the system. We show how to design quantized state-feedback in general, and quantized state estimators in the case where all the eigenvalues of the system are unstable. This leads to the design of output feedback controllers with quantized measurements and controls. The theory is then extended to sampling and quantization of continuous time linear systems sampled at constant time intervals. We show that there is a sampling time with an associated logarithmic quantization base that minimizes the density of both sampling and quantization and still ensures stability. The minimization of the density is related to the concept of minimal attention control recently introduced by Brockett. We show that the product of the optimal sampling time and the sum of unstable eigenvalues of the system is a constant independent of the system. Perhaps even more interestingly, the base of the optimal logarithmic quantizer is a constant independent from the system and the value of optimal sampling time. Finally, by relaxing the definition of quadratic stability, we show how to construct logarithmic quantizers with only finite number quantization levels and still achieve practical stability of the closed loop. This final result provides a way to practically implement the theory developed in this paper.
[O II] Emission, Eigenvector 1, and Orientation in Radio-quiet Quasars

We present supportive evidence that the Boroson & Green eigenvector 1 is not driven by source orientation and further that both [O III] λ5007 and [O II] λ3727 are isotropically emitted in the radio-quiet sample of bright quasar survey (BQS) quasars, contrary to results found for radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Studies of optical emission lines in quasars have revealed a striking set of correlations between various emission-line properties, known as the Boroson & Green eigenvector 1. Until recently it was generally accepted that eigenvector 1 does not depend on orientation, as it strongly correlates with [O III] λ5007 emission, thought to be an isotropic property. However, recent studies of radio-loud AGNs have questioned the isotropy of [O III] emission and concluded that [O II] λ3727 emission is isotropic. In this paper we investigate the relation between eigenvector 1 and [O II] emission in radio-quiet BQS quasars and readdress the issue of orientation as the driver of eigenvector 1. We account for the small blue bump present at [O II] wavelengths and subtract Fe II emission that contaminates [O III] emission. We find significant correlations between eigenvector 1 and orientation-independent [O II] emission, which implies that orientation does not drive eigenvector 1. The luminosities and equivalent widths of [O III] and [O II] correlate with one another, and the range in luminosities and equivalent widths is similar. This suggests that our radio-quiet BQS quasar sample is largely free of orientation-dependent obscuration and/or ionization effects. We conclude that neither the [O III] emission nor the [O II]/[O III] ratio are dependent on orientation in radio-quiet quasars, contrary to recent results found for radio-loud quasars.
Hemagglutination Inhibition (HAI) Antibody Landscapes after Vaccination with diverse H7 hemagglutinin (HA) proteins

Background A systemic evaluation of the antigenic differences of the H7 influenza hemagglutinin (HA) proteins, especially for the viruses isolated after 2016, are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antigenic differences of major H7 strains with an ultimate aim to discover H7 HA proteins that can elicit protective receptor-blocking antibodies against co-circulating H7 influenza strains. Method A panel of nine H7 influenza strains were selected from 3,633 H7 HA amino acid sequences identified over the past two decades (2000-2018). The sequences were expressed on the surface of virus like particles (VLPs) and used to vaccinate C57BL/6 mice. Serum samples were collected and tested for hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) activity. The vaccinated mice were challenged with lethal dose of H7N9 virus, A/Anhui/1/2013. Results VLPs expressing the H7 HA antigens elicited broadly reactive antibodies each of the selected H7 HAs, except the A/Turkey/Italy/589/2000 (Italy/00) H7 HA. A putative glycosylation due to an A169T substitution in antigenic site B was identified as a unique antigenic profile of Italy/00. Introduction of the putative glycosylation site (H7 HA-A169T) significantly altered the antigenic profile of HA of the A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) strain. Conclusion This study identified key amino acid mutations that result in severe vaccine mismatches for future H7 epidemics. Future universal influenza vaccine candidates will need to focus on viral variants with these key mutations.
Learning Behaviors Mediate Associations between Parent-reported Peer Play Skills and Literacy and Mathematics Skills for Low-income Preschool Children

Research Findings: Peer play interactions are important contexts for supporting early learning both at home and at school for preschool children from low-income backgrounds. The current study used ...