cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Piloting “sodabriety” – a school-based intervention to impact sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in rural Appalachian high schools

BACKGROUND: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are the largest source of added sugar in the US diet. In adolescents aged 12-19, these drinks account for 13% to 28% of total daily calories. Compared with other adolescents, those residing in Appalachia have the highest consumption rates of SSBs. METHODS: Using a Teen Advisory Council (TAC), a student-designed and student-led intervention was conducted at 2 high schools in a rural Appalachian county. Using repeated-measures models design with Bonferroni correction, data were collected on daily and weekly consumption of SSBs and of water at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 30 days post-intervention. Vending machine surveys were completed. RESULTS: The 186 participants reported purchasing SSBs from school vending machines (41.4%), cafeteria (36.5%), and school stores (7.7%). Daily SSB servings decreased from an average of 2.32 (SD = 2.14) to 1.32 (SD = 1.29) (p < .001). Weekly consumption decreased from an average of 4.30 (SD = 2.40) days/week to 2.64 (SD = 1.91) (p < .001). Water consumption increased 19% from baseline to immediately post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Student-directed efforts to support behavioral change are feasible and effective at affecting individual lifestyle behaviors. Small and manageable changes may lead to net improvements in lifestyle behaviors.
Kinetics of the bound magnetic polaron and the decay rate of thermodynamic fluctuation.

The kinetics of a large bound magnetic polaron (BMP) in semimagnetic semiconductors is described, taking into account the dynamics of thermodynamic fluctuations due to diluted 3d spins within the Bohr orbit of the impurity electron. The model relates the rate of change of BMP energy in the asymptotic regime of long times to the decay rate \ensuremath{\Gamma} of the fluctuations, which is determined by comparing the theory with experimental results for ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{x}}$Se.
Conserved Locus-Specific Silencing Functions of Schizosaccharomyces pombe sir2+

In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, three genes, sir2+, hst2+, and hst4+, encode members of the Sir2 family of conserved NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases. The S. pombe sir2+ gene encodes a nuclear protein that is not essential for viability or for resistance to treatment with UV or a microtubule-destabilizing agent. However, sir2+ is essential for full transcriptional silencing of centromeres, telomeres, and the cryptic mating-type loci. Chromatin immunoprecipitation results suggest that the Sir2 protein acts directly at these chromosomal regions. Enrichment of Sir2p at silenced regions does not require the HP1 homolog Swi6p; instead, Swi6-GFP localization to telomeres depends in part on Sir2p. The phenotype of sir2 swi6 double mutants supports a model whereby Sir2p functions prior to Swi6p at telomeres and the silent mating-type loci. However, Sir2p does not appear to be essential for the localization of Swi6p to centromeric foci. Cross-complementation experiments showed that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SIR2 gene can function in place of S. pombe sir2+, suggesting overlapping deacetylation substrates in both species. These results also suggest that, despite differences in most of the other molecules required, the two distantly related yeast species share a mechanism for targeting Sir2p homologs to silent chromatin.
Comparison of digital with videotape echocardiography in patients with chest pain in the emergency department

We prospectively compared digital echocardiographic images, by a minimal digital-acquisition strategy, with videotape images to determine the diagnostic utility of digital imaging in patients admitted to the emergency department with chest pain. Digital acquisition has many potential advantages for evaluating echocardiographic images, especially in the acute-care setting. It is not yet known how much the imaging study can be condensed with digital technology and still provide the necessary information needed for clinical echocardiographic diagnosis. One hundred seventeen patients with diagnoses consisting of coronary artery disease, pericardial disease, and valvular disease were studied. Overall agreement between videotape and digital recordings with regard to normal versus abnormal wall motion was 94% (p < 0.001). The wall motion score index, a semiquantitative measure of global function, also correlated well (r = 0.94). Complete concordance was noted in all patients with aortic stenosis and pericardial effusion. Digital echocardiographic imaging, by a minimal-acquisition strategy, is an accurate summary of the complete echocardiographic examination and provides the relevant diagnostic data needed for the assessment of patients with chest pain in the emergency department.
Image Demosaicking with Contour Stencils

Demosaicking (or demosaicing) is the problem of interpolating full color information on an image where only one color component is known at each pixel. Most demosaicking methods involve some kind of estimation of the underlying image structure, for example, choosing adaptively between interpolating in the horizontal or vertical direction. This article discusses the implementation details of the method introduced in Getreuer, \Color Demosaicing with Contour Stencils," 2011. Mosaicked contour stencils rst estimate the image contour orientations directly from the mosaicked data. The mosaicked contour stencils are then used to guide a simple demosaicking method based on graph regularization.
Life in the Bubble: Examining the forwarding of political videos

We examined whether participants' political beliefs significantly predicted likelihood of forwarding political videos and the characteristics of the targets of these forwards. Participants viewed one of four political advertisements that varied in terms of the candidate's political party (Democrat or Republican) and the emotion that the advertisement evoked (Positive or Negative). Democrats were more likely to forward advertisements when they experienced positive emotional arousal, and the targets of the forwards were not especially similar to Democrat participants in terms of political orientation or personality. Conversely, Republicans were more likely to forward advertisements when they experienced negative emotional arousal, and the targets of the forwards were highly similar to the Republican participants in terms of political orientation and personality. This is consistent with previous research (e.g., Jost, Glaser, Kruglanski, & Sulloway, 2003) indicating that conservatism is associated with greater negative affect sensitivity and insularity in communication.
Prevalence and Correlates of Firearm Ownership in the Homes of Fifth Graders Birmingham, AL, Houston, TX, and Los Angeles, CA

Firearms in the home are associated with increased injury risk, especially when loaded and unlocked. In this study, 5,010 fifth-graders and their caregivers in three U.S. metropolitan areas participated in the 2004-2006 Healthy Passages study on adolescent health. Firearm ownership and storage patterns were examined by four self-reported sociodemographic characteristics (child’s race/ethnicity, child’s gender, family socioeconomic status, and study site) and reasons for ownership. Eighteen percent (n = 880) of the families reported firearms in the home. Families with African American and Hispanic children had lower odds of owning firearms than families with non-Hispanic White children. The most common reasons for ownership were protection from crime and hunting. Six percent (n = 56) of the families with firearms stored at least one firearm unlocked, assembled, without a trigger lock, and with unlocked ammunition. Compared with families with non-Hispanic White children, families with African American child...
Legal Power and Legal Rights — Isolation and Quarantine in the Case of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

The recent case of Andrew Speaker has focused attention on the role of compulsory isolation and quarantine in tuberculosis control. Wendy Parmet writes that lost in the debate was the recognition of legal checks on the use of compulsory isolation and quarantine as well as the importance of such checks. Wendy Parmet discusses the case of Andrew Speaker and the appropriate use of legal and public health tools to interrupt transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. Wendy Parmet is a professor of law at Northeastern University School of Law, Boston.
Deposition and STM investigation of single-walled carbon nanotubes on GaAs(110)

We have applied single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to the cleaved GaAs(110) surface in ultra high vacuum using a dry contact transfer (DCT) procedure and studied the system using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). STM images reveal a clean transfer of predominantly isolated SWNTs to the semiconductor surface, with minimal additional contamination to the substrate surface. Atomic features of the nanotubes and underlying substrate can be simultaneously resolved and suggest the preferential alignment of isolated SWNTs along the [110] direction on the GaAs surface. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements reveal SWNT bandgaps contained wholly within the substrate gap, with the measured values of those energy gaps comparing favorably to theoretically predicted values.
Hamilton decompositions of some line graphs

The main result of this paper completely settles Bermond's conjecture for bipartite graphs of odd degree by proving that if G is a bipartite (2k + 1)-regular graph that is Hamilton decomposable, then the line graph, L(G), of G is also Hamilton decomposable. A similar result is obtained for 5-regular graphs, thus providing further evidence to support Bermond's conjecture. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Model for Continuous-Review Pull Policies in Serial Inventory Systems

In this paper, we construct a model of the steady-state values of on-hand inventory and backorders for each facility of a serial inventory system in which each facility follows a Q, R policy based on installation stock. Such policies are represented by the popular kanban systems as well as more conventional applications of Q, R policies. The descriptive model presented here is intended for optimizing the parameters of such a policy and for obtaining theoretical results about the behavior of the system. We also illustrate the potential of the model for providing insights into system performance.
Functionalized Waveguides for Biological Assays

We report here a procedure for the functioalization of SiO2-coated, SiONx waveguides for biological assays. Surface functionalization occurs by self-assembly of an amine-terminated silane monolayer on the waveguide, followed by partial chemical modification with functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG) groups. Functionalized surfaces were characterized by atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. When combined with a BSA blocking step, these functional PEG surfaces significantly reduced non-specific binding and allowed for specific binding to occur. An antibody sandwich assay for detection of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen was used to validate these surfaces for sensing applications.
Research on Self-Monitoring as a Behavior Management Technique in Special Education Classrooms A Descriptive Review

Twenty-seven studies pertaining to the use of self-monitoring for behavior management purposes in special education classrooms were examined. The studies were described in detail, questions regarding the reactivity of self-monitoring were posited, and implications for classroom instruction were delineated. It was found that self-monitoring can be successfully used with special education students of various ages in various settings to increase (a) attention to task, (b) positive classroom behaviors, and (c) some social skills. It can also be successfully used to decrease inappropriate classroom behavior. Self-monitoring apparently has the additional benefit of enhancing the likelihood that positive classroom behaviors will generalize to other settings. Self-monitoring techniques are easy to teach and have great promise as a behavior management strategy. However, new information regarding whether self-monitoring is true self-management or self-regulation was not found in this review. It is recommended that ...
A review of dielectric properties of normal and malignant breast tissue

This paper presents a review of the dielectric properties of normal and malignant breast tissues for radio through microwave frequencies, as well as a brief summary of the experiment methods and the mechanisms that explain the difference in the dielectric properties of normal and malignant breast tissue. This information provides a basis for the development of diagnostic techniques for breast cancer and also highlights the areas that are in need of more experiments.
EXPRESSIVE MEANING, RACE, AND THE LAW:

Recently, legal and social thinkers have turned to the idea that actions possess a nonlinguistic meaning, called “expressive meaning.” In this article I examine the idea of expressive meaning and its role in legal reasoning. My focus is on a series of U.S. Supreme Court cases involving constitutional challenges to election districts drawn on the basis of race. The Supreme Court used the idea of expressive meaning in striking down the districts. After explicating the idea of expressive meaning, I explain and criticize the Court’s reasoning. I distinguish the approach of Justices Thomas and Scalia, who hold that all uses of race in districting do constitutional harm, from that of Justice O’Connor, who distinguishes uses of race that do constitutional harm from those that do not. I contend that Justice O’Connor is right to make the distinction but she draws the line using a questionable standard. A more defensible standard would be more accommodating to the districts that the Court invalidated.
Low power fast and dense longest prefix match content addressable memory for IP routers

An IP router determines the next hop for an internet protocol packet by finding the longest prefix match. Ternary CAMs, which allow bit masking of the IP address, are commonly used for this fast search function. In this paper, a CAM that directly determines the longest prefix match to the stored address is described. One of these best matching (IPCAM) entries replaces on average 22 TCAM entries. Overall, the resulting IPCAM array is less than 1/10 the size of the equivalent TCAM and dissipates 93.5% less dynamic power. The design automatically produces an encoded prefix match length that is limited by the prefix mask, so entries do not need to be sorted in prefix mask length order. Simulations of extracted layouts in a bulk CMOS 65-nm foundry process show the proposed IPCAM circuits can operate above 1 GHz
Multi-dimensional hidden Markov model of telemanipulation tasks with varying outcomes

Three multi-step teleoperation tasks were successfully modeled with a hidden Markov model (HMM). Tasks that would proceed through different paths as determined by an event either internal or external to the task were designed. The tasks can be described by a state transition diagram containing a fork through which two alternative task outcomes can be followed. The model was used to identify correctly the sequence of task progression from the recorded sensor data. Previous work with HMMs was extended by generalizing the model to encompass multi-dimensional sensor signals consisting of a mix of force, torque, and position signals. The addition of multi-dimensional sensor information significantly improved the ability of the Viterbi decoding algorithm to identify the series of events. >
Identification of Rice Cultivars Resistant to Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Their Use in an Integrated Management Program

The rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, is the most destructive insect pest of rice in the United States and is a particularly severe pest in Louisiana. The current management program for this insect in Louisiana relies heavily on insecticides, most notably the seed treatment fipronil (Icon). Diversification of the management program by incorporation of alternative strategies is needed to improve the effectiveness and long-term stability of the program. In the three experiments reported here, three components of a diversified management program for the rice water weevil in Louisiana—host plant resistance, treatment of seeds with Icon, and the cultural practice of delayed flooding—were investigated. Comparison of the densities of weevil larvae on the roots of several commercial cultivars indicated that the long-grain cultivar ‘Jefferson’ was more resistant to infestation by the rice water weevil than the other cultivars. The medium-grain cultivars ‘Bengal’, ‘Earl’ and ‘Mars’ and the long-grain variety ‘Cocodrie’ were the most susceptible to infestation. Comparison of yield data from untreated plots and plots treated with Icon indicated that the long-grain cultivars Cocodrie, Lemont, and Jefferson were more tolerant of weevil injury than the other cultivars. A 2-wk delay in flooding was associated with yield benefits in plots not treated with Icon. Treatment of seeds with Icon controlled weevils in all three screening experiments. The implications of these results for the development of an integrated management program for the rice water weevil are discussed.
Towards Self Consistency with the Tight Binding Approximation

A procedure is described which should make self consistent energy band calculations possible within the framework of the tight binding approximation. The essential concept of the method is that the same set of integrals is required for construction of an iterated crystal potential as is required in the computation of matrix elements of the Hamiltonian in the band calculation.
Reliability and Validity

我々が研究を行う際には、仮説を検証するためにパラメータを吟味することから始まります。この吟味によって選択されたパラメータをある測定方法によって得るわけですが、このとき用いられた選択と測定方法が仮説にとって適したものであるかどうか、というのは研究全体にとって非常に重要なことです。信頼性と妥当性という概念はこういったデータを処理する以前の問題として存在します。信頼性は測定の一貫性として、妥当性はその構成概念に対する測定の合理性として定義されます。今回、Jules M.Rothsteinの話をもとに信頼性と妥当性の問題をとりあげ、その内容と研究における位置を述べてみました。
Oscillator Strengths for the Helium Isoelectronic Sequence.

Variational wavefunctions have been computed for the 11S, 21, 3S, 21, 3P, 31, 3P, and 31, 3D terms of ions in the helium isoelectronic sequence from He through Ne+8. The trial functions are Hylleraas type expansions, explicitly involving r 12, and with expansion lengths of around 50 terms, differing slightly for the different states. Oscillator strengths have been computed for all the allowed transitions by both the dipole length and velocity formulas. Agreement between these forms, comparisons with very accurate data for neutral helium, and the accuracy of the computed energies all point to considerable reliability of the results for the entire sequence, probably around 5 percent, if not better.
Blog in Enhancing the Role of Information Literacy Students in Vocational Colleges

Information on the content and quality of Blog,That the role of education in the Blog,Blog further explore and improve the quality of education.
Rapid and sensitive detection of Shigella by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Objective:To develop a technique for rapid detection of Shigella using a novel DNA amplification procedure designated Loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP).To provide technical support for foodborne disease surveillance and diagnose.Methods:Six Shigella-specific primers were designed from the published ipaH gene sequences of Shigella by using the LAMP primer supported software program.The specificity and sensitivity of LAMP were examined using Salmonella,Escherichia coli,Vibrio Parahemolyticus,Staphylococcus aureus and other species.Results: It showed that Shigella-specific primers amplified Shigella only and that the lowest detection limit of the LAMP reaction was 200 CFU/ml.If there was an 8 hours enrichment before the LAMP,the owest detection limit of the LAMP reaction was 20 CFU/ml.50 food samples were examined by the LAMP while they were examined by real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction.The result showed that there was no significant difference between these two methods(P0.05,χ2=0.27).Conclusion:This LAMP-based assay is simple,rapid,sensitive and specific.No specialized equipment is needed which makes it is more economical and practical.This assay is expected to become a valuable tool for rapid diagnosis in Shigella infection especially in primary laboratory.
Multiple System Atrophy

Publisher Summary A progressive neurodegenerative disorder, multiple system atrophy (MSA) presents clinically with varying degrees of Parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction, and impaired cerebellar function. The current nomenclature utilizes the abbreviations MSA-P to indicate that parkinsonism dominates the clinical presentation, and MSA-C to indicate that cerebellar ataxia predominates. Current diagnostic criteria utilize clinical domains, features, and criteria to define possible, probable, and definite MSA. Diagnosis can be aided by anatomical imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which reveals hypo intensity in the putamen and a hyperintense rim lateral to the putamen in T2 weighted MRI scans in many cases of MSA. Functional imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) utilizing ligands to study cerebral glucose metabolic rates, striatal dopaminergic terminals, and striatal dopaminergic and opiate receptors can also assist diagnosis. Functional imaging with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using striatal presynaptic and postsynaptic dopaminergic ligands also provides helpful diagnostic information. SPECT studies of cardiac innervation reveal postganglionic autonomic failure in Parkinson's disease but not in MSA, as autonomic failure occur in the preganglionic neuron in MSA. The neuro-pathological features in MSA include neuronal degeneration affecting principally the nigrostriatal, olivopontocerebellar, and central autonomic structures and very large numbers of abnormal tubular structures termed glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs). These abnormal structures also appear in oligodendrocyte cytoplasm, oligodendrocyte nuclei, neuronal cytoplasm, neuronal nuclei, and axons.
EIGENVALUES OF THE LAPLACIAN

The eigenvalue problem for the Laplace operator in two dimensions is classical in mathematics and physics. Computational methods for estimating the eigenvalues are still of active research, particularly from the point of view of applications. We shall study inequalities for eigenvalues of the Laplacian when the spectrum, i. e. those values of λ for which a non-trivial solution exists, is discrete. We shall conclude the paper with a few applications to the Morse-Smale index for a minimal immersion in Rn, n≥3 and a few historical remarks related to Lagrange and his work.
Correlates of Patient Intent and Preference on Colorectal Cancer Screening

Introduction Information is limited on patient characteristics that influence their preference among screening options and intent to be screened for colorectal cancer (CRC). A mechanistic pathway to intent and preference was examined through a formal mediation analysis. Methods From 2012 to 2014, a total of 570 adults aged 50–75 years were recruited from 15 primary care practices in Metro Detroit for a trial on decision aids for CRC screening. Confirmatory factor, regression, and mediation analyses were performed in 2015–2016 on baseline cross-sectional data. Main outcomes were patient intent and preference. Perceived risk and self-efficacy were secondary outcomes. Covariates included demographic information, health status, previous CRC screening experience, patient attitudes, and knowledge. Results Mean age was 57.7 years, 56.1% were women, and 55.1% white and 36.6% black. Women had 32% and 41% lower odds than men of perceiving CRC to be high/moderate risk (OR=0.68, 95% CI=0.47, 0.97, p =0.03) and having high self-efficacy (OR=0.59, 95% CI=0.42, 0.85, p =0.006), respectively. Whites had 63% and 47% lower odds than blacks of having high self-efficacy (OR=0.37, 95% CI=0.25, 0.57, p p =0.007), respectively. Younger age, higher knowledge, lower level of test worries, and medium/high versus low self-efficacy increased the odds of intent of being screened. Self-efficacy, but not perceived risk, significantly mediated the association between race, attitude, and test worries and patient screening intent. Conclusions Self-efficacy mediated the association between race, attitude, and test worries and patient intent.
Coping with Compassion: Role Transformation Amongst Oregon Food Pantry Directors

In stark contrast to the robust social safety nets found in many developed nations around the world, the modern American welfare state is increasingly operated by a variety of non-governmental actors and voluntary organizations. The operation of this welfare regime depends on the discretionary decisions of street-level bureaucrats. As street-level bureaucrats confront new circumstances, their discretionary decisions change. Normative institutionalism and the concept of bricolage are used to explore how discretionary decisions change within an organizational role in the context of a voluntary organization. Understanding this process of bricolage sheds light on the decision-making processes of street-level bureaucrats, explains how behavior in an organizational role shifts over time, and points to the dynamic nature of institutions. We present an in-depth qualitative study of the emergency food network in Oregon as a critical case to illustrate this argument.
Mixed-Criticality Scheduling Theory: Scope, Promise, and Limitations

This article provides a brief introduction to the mixed-criticality scheduling theory clearly demarcating its scope and limitations.
The Applicability of Symbolic Annihilation in the Middle East

Lance and Paschyn take the foundational feminist media theory symbolic annihilation and apply it to Qatar, a context where it is a foreign construct, and may be seen as not culturally relevant. The authors deconstruct the notion that “basic lessons about social life” (Tuchman, Gaye. Introduction: The Symbolic Annihilation of Women by the Mass Media. In Hearth and Home: Images of Women in the Mass Media, ed. Gaye Tuchman, Arlene Kaplan Daniels, and James Benet, 3–38. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978) are learned from the mass media, and argue that they are instead found in other venues in Qatar, such as majaalis (traditional gatherings), where women are visible to other women, if gender-segregated from men. Further, they contend that the historical role of the media in this Gulf country differs fundamentally from that in the West. They examine whether the relative absence of women appearing in local press should or should not be considered an example of symbolic annihilation.
The Income Volatility of U.S. Commercial Farm Households

This study uses a newly created panel dataset drawn from the 1997 to 2013 Agricultural Resource Management Survey to provide the first national estimates of income volatility for commercial farm households in the United States. Results show that the income of commercial farm households is substantially more volatile than that of all U.S. households—though the volatility of farm income is not more volatile than income from nonfarm self-employment. Using a regression analysis, we identify operator, operation, and regional characteristics associated with higher income volatility, providing information that could improve targeting of risk-mitigating programs. We find that farm income volatility has declined for farms specializing in program crops in recent decades, supporting the hypothesis that the expansion of the federal crop insurance program helped reduce farm income risk.
Striatal Dopaminergic Denervation and Spine Loss in MPTP-Treated Monkeys

Dopamine (DA) plays a critical role in regulating spine density on medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum. Quantitative analysis of Golgi-impregnated MSNs in striatal sections at the level of the anterior commissure (commissural striatum) from MPTP-treated monkeys with complete DA denervation showed a significant reduction in spine density in both the caudate nucleus and putamen compared with that in controls. Similar analysis in partially DA-denervated striata revealed that the loss of spines was tightly correlated with the relative degree of dopamine depletion. Quantitative electron microscopy (EM) analyses showed a significant decrease in the density of both D1-immunolabeled and immunonegative spines in the commissural putamen of MPTP-treated monkeys, suggesting that DA depletion causes a reduction of spines on both direct and indirect pathway MSNs in the striatum of parkinsonian monkeys. Both the degree of striatal dopamine loss and extent of spine degeneration are correlated with low level of calbindin expression in striatal subregions, suggesting an important role of calcium in striatal pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. This is further supported by electron microscopic data showing that calbindin-containing spines are less sensitive to degeneration in the caudate nucleus of partially depleted MPTP-treated monkeys. These findings provide strong evidence that striatal spine loss is an early sign of parkinsonism pathogenesis that is tightly correlated with the degree of striatal dopamine denervation and affects both direct and indirect striatofugal pathway neurons predominantly in calbindin-poor striatal subregions of MPTP-treated monkeys.
Benthic Food Web Flows in the Santa Monica Basin Estimated Using Inverse Methodology

Inverse methods were used with measurements of sediment (POC) fluxes and total benthic metabolism to infer the roles of the different food-web components in the benthos of the sub-oxic Santa Monica basin off Southern California. High nitrate and sulfate fluxes into the sediments observed there guaranteed that anaerobic bacteria would have important roles. We were able to estimate the relative roles of the bacteria and the grazers that prey on the bacteria for several alternative food-web flow structures.
Self-Rated Health among Unemployed Adults: the Role of Quiet Ego, Self-Compassion, and Post-Traumatic Growth

Unemployment can be associated with negative psychological and physical health outcomes when it undermines an individual’s sense of self-worth and confidence. This study examined whether quiet ego, a self-identity motivated by a compassionate stance toward the self and others would be positively associated with self-reported health. Further, we expected this relationship to be mediated by two types of psychological capital: self-compassion, the ability to show kindness and understanding to one’s self during times of disappointment, and post-traumatic growth (PTG), the ability to derive a sense of meaning from adverse experiences. We also expected self-compassion and PTG to be associated with a robust measure of self-rated health. We tested a double mediation model in a sample of adults recruited from an employment center at the height of the Great Recession in 2010 (N = 173) and were also able to make some limited comparisons with a sample of employed adults (N = 60). For unemployed adults, quiet ego was associated with PTG. Quiet ego was positively related to self-rated health, mediated by self-compassion, for unemployed and employed adults.
The Effects of Online Incivility and Consumer-to-Consumer Interactional Justice on Complainants, Observers, and Service Providers During Social Media Service Recovery

Abstract Using a mixed-methods approach, the current research examines online incivility in relation to service recovery on social media. First, findings from a netnographic investigation suggest consumer-to-consumer (C2C) incivility results in some consumers holding the firm accountable to address uncivil exchanges on a firm-managed communication channel. Based on the netnographic findings, fairness theory, and justice theory, a follow-up experimental study assesses how online incivility negatively affects service recovery outcomes (firm–consumer justice) when a firm chooses (not) to respond to the incivility. Through these two studies, the current paper proposes a new form of justice (C2C interactional justice) and posits that online service recovery extends beyond direct victims of the incivility (first-party justice) to also include observers (third-party justice). This more nuanced view of justice associated with a service recovery is especially significant when considering the traditional relationships of justice with satisfaction, loyalty, positive word-of-mouth, and other desirable firm outcomes. For practitioners, this research suggests that firms must manage C2C interactional justice on corporate social media channels for both complainants and observers to avoid reputational damage and a loss of customers.
Hydrogen is essential for sustainability

Summary Sustainable energy conversion requires zero emissions of greenhouse gases and criteria pollutants using primary energy sources that the earth naturally replenishes quickly, like renewable resources. Solar and wind power conversion technologies have become cost effective recently, but challenges remain to manage electrical grid dynamics and to meet end-use requirements for energy dense fuels and chemicals. Renewable hydrogen provides the best opportunity for a zero emissions fuel and is the best feedstock for production of zero emission liquid fuels and some chemical and heat end-uses. Renewable hydrogen can be made at very high efficiency using electrolysis systems that are dynamically operated to complement renewable wind and solar power dynamics. Hydrogen can be stored within the existing natural gas system to provide low cost massive storage capacity that (1) could be sufficient to enable a 100% zero emissions grid; (2) has sufficient energy density for end-uses including heavy duty transport; (3) is a building block for zero emissions fertilizer and chemicals; and (4) enables sustainable primary energy in all sectors of the economy.
Diversity in Intellectual Property: “Grant Me Justice against My Adversary”: What Parables Can Teach Us about Organic Seed Growers & Trade Assoc. v. Monsanto Co .

This chapter, written as a contribution to a volume directed to issues in the protection of identity and diversity in relation to intellectual property law, views aspects of biological diversity and plant patent litigation through a Biblical parable lens. Two of Christ’s parables share striking parallels with the recent Organic Seed Growers and Trade Association v. Monsanto Co. declaratory judgment action involving biotech patents and civil society plaintiffs. Both the Parable of the Wheat and the Tares and the Parable of the Persistent Widow yield what I believe are interesting and helpful insights regarding the nature of the Organic Seed Grower plaintiffs’ concerns, the judgment in the case, and resulting ramifications for society at large.
Wicked Problems and Disasters

Wicked problems and disasters are those types of natural and technological disasters that are particularly intense or challenging such as the Fukushima Nuclear Plant disaster that occurred after a tsunami in Japan in 2011 or the Haitian Earthquake in 2010. There is a wide range of natural disasters such as geologic disasters and water and atmospheric disasters that are problematic due to unsustainable living conditions on the ground or changes to natural systems (i.e. climate change). Technological disasters like war or radioactive releases cause major existential problems for humans and their environment. Many have encouraged communities to become more resilient so that they can thrive during and after a disaster occurrence. A new field of resiliency studies has emerged in recent years.
Jam Today, Jam Tomorrow: Learning in Online Game Jams

Game jams, which are game creation events in which developers design and build a game over a short period of time, have been shown to support participatory, active STEM learning. Game jams have expanded from their origins as physically co-located experiences and many are now conducted exclusively online. Though the co-located game jam has been noted as educational, little is known about how learning happens within online game jams. To better understand the ways online game jams support self-development, we interviewed fifteen online jam participants about their learning experiences during their jams. Additionally, we observed and analyzed several jams using activity theory. We found that online game jams support participants' learning through extensive feedback from others during and after the jam. Such feedback sessions were a key social and participatory learning elements for online jams, providing much-need social support. In contrast to the group-focused development in offline jams many participants in our study chose to develop games alone. Many individuals participated in online game jams regularly, treating them as a broader experience than singular events. We use these findings to discuss how we might better design for self-directed learning online and offer suggestions on how to better attune online game jams to the needs of participants.
Psoriatic arthritis in childhood: A commentary on the controversy

Approximately 5% of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are diagnosed with the psoriatic form of the disease. In recent years, there has been substantial scholarship demonstrating both heterogeneity within the disease as well as similarities with other forms of JIA, culminating in a recent proposal for the categorization of JIA that excluded the psoriatic form altogether. The purpose of the review is to summarize the clinical, epidemiologic, and genetic features of psoriatic JIA (PsJIA), comparing it with other categories of JIA including spondyloarthritis. We conclude that there are sufficient unique clinical and genetic features within PsJIA as well as similarities with its adult counterpart that warrant including it within the JIA paradigm.
Three-dimensional particle trajectories and waste beam losses in injection dump beam line of Spallation Neutron Source accumulation ring

The Spallation Neutron Source ring injection dump beam line has been suffering high beam losses since its commissioning. In order to understand the mechanisms of the beam losses, we have performed 3D simulation studies of the beam line. The 3D models consist of three injection chicane dipoles and one injection dump septum magnet. The 3D particle trajectories in the models are computed. We then extend particle optics calculations to the injection dump. Our studies have clearly shown some design and operation problems, which cause beam losses in the injection dump beam line. These include incorrect chicane dipole settings, incorrect position of a chicane dipole, too small aperture of injection dump septum, and inadequate focusing downstream. This paper reports our findings and the remedies to the injection beam loss problems.
Towards Anti-Deficit Education in Undergraduate Mathematics Education: How Deficit Perspectives Work to Structure Inequality and What Can Be Done About It

A deficit perspective is a propensity to locate the source of academic problems in deficiencies within students, their families, their communities, or their membership in social categories (such as...
Chronic Exposure to Palmitic Acid Downregulates AKT in Beta-Cells through Activation of mTOR

ABSTRACT High circulating lipids occurring in obese individuals and insulin resistant patients are considered a contributing factor to Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Exposure to high lipids initially causes the beta-cells to expand in population. Long-term exposure to high lipids however is associated with failure of beta-cells and the development of T2D. To prevent the failure of beta-cells and development of Type 2 Diabetes, this study focuses on understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie this biphasic response of beta-cells to lipid exposure. Using palmitic acid (PA) in cultured beta-cells and islets, we demonstrated that chronic exposure to lipids leads to reduced viability and inhibition of cell cycle progression concurrent with downregulation of a pro-growth/survival kinase AKT, independent of glucose. This AKT downregulation by PA treatment is correlated with a consistent induction of mTOR/S6K activity concurrent with AKT downregulation. Inhibiting mTOR activity restores AKT activity and allows beta-cells to gain proliferation capacity that are lost after high fat diet exposure. In summary, we elucidated a novel mechanism for which lipid exposure may cause the dipole effects on beta-cell growth, where mTOR acts as a lipid sensor. These mechanisms can be novel targets for future therapeutic developments.
IgG4 Related Disease Presenting As a Solid Ovarian Mass with Ureteric and Bladder Involvement: A Case Report

Study Objective IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), a systemic immune-mediated condition, presenting as a solid ovarian mass concerning for malignancy resected using a minimally invasive approach. Design A case report of a 43-year-old G3P3 with a history of total abdominal hysterectomy for fibroids presenting with pelvic pain and a newly diagnosed pelvic mass on imaging. Medical history was significant for diabetes. Setting N/A Patients or Participants N/A Interventions The procedure performed included laparoscopic resection of the right ovarian mass, enbloc resection of the lower right ureteral, partial radical cystectomy, uretoneocystotomy and bladder reconstruction. Measurements and Main Results CT abdomen and pelvis demonstrated prominent retroperitoneal lymph nodes and moderate right-sided hydronephroureterosis secondary to compression by the pelvic mass. Pelvic MRI demonstrated heterogeneous enhancement of the mass with possible bladder invasion. Tumor markers, CA -125 and CEA, were within normal limits. Intraoperative findings included a solid, complex right adnexal mass adherent to the right pelvic side wall incasing the right ureter with no clear ability to delineate tissue planes. In addition, the mass was found to be infiltrating the bladder around the ureteral orifice mimicking tumor invasion. Pathology report demonstrated extensive sclerosing fibrosis with ureteral obliteration, lymphocytic infiltrates and obliterative phlebitis highly suggestive of IgG4-RD. The pelvic washings were negative for malignant cells. On follow up, patient with resolved pelvic pain and no evidence of recurrence on imaging. Adjuvant corticosteroid treatment was initiated by Rheumatology to reduce recurrence risk. Conclusion IgG4-RD is a rare diagnosis that has yet to be described as an adnexal mass. Due to the close resemblance to malignancy, recognizing this disease clinically becomes very important. Given the evidence that there is response to early glucocorticoid therapy, it is important for gynecologists to be aware of this disease to facilitate an expedited diagnosis to prevent potential unnecessary invasive procedures.
Introduction to Special Forum on Digital Culture and Society

The 10 essays in this special forum were based on presentations at two recent conferences. The essays by Min Jiang and Francis Lee were their keynote speeches delivered at the preconference on “Soc...
Professionalism in teaching and the role of teacher education

In this article, I discuss the status of teaching as a profession using Gardner and Shulman’s framework emerging from their empirical examination of the professions in America and use Bernstein’s s...
Dysanapsis in men and women with obesity.

It is unclear whether obesity in combination with sex influences the dysanapsis ratio (DR). These data indicate that DR is unaltered in adults with obesity and is greater in women than in men but s...
The Impact of the HYG ETF on the Liquidity of the Markets for the Underlying High-Yield Bonds

We examine a link between a bond ETF and the underlying bond market liquidity. Using daily creation and redemption data for the HYG ETF, we find that including a bond on the HYG ETF’s creation or redemption lists has a favorable impact on the bond’s liquidity. This impact is stronger on stress days for redemptions but not for creations. Our results suggest that ETF mispricing arbitrage explains the improvement in high-yield bond liquidity. However, consistent with Pan and Zeng (2019), we also find evidence that transaction costs and inventory management limit the ETF arbitrage especially for creations.
Towards Automatic Hands Detection in Single Images

Detection of hands in single, unconstrained, monocular images is a very difficult task. Localization and extraction of the hand regions, however, provides important and useful knowledge that can facilitate many other tasks, such as gesture recognition, pose estimation and action recognition. In this paper we present a simple appearance-based methodology that combines face detection and anthropometric constraints to efficiently estimate the position and regions of hands in images. It requires no training neither explicit estimation of the human pose. Experimental results illustrate the performance of the approach.
The Resurrection of T Cell-Mediated Suppression

A basic tenet of most religious faiths is the belief that those who have died will again be brought to life or resurrected. The past 15 years have seen a resurrection of T suppressor cells, although their soul is now in the body of a T regulatory cell. The studies presented by S. Sakaguchi et al. ([
Smart Researchers Save Time by Starting with Legal Treatises

There’s no need to reinvent the wheel with legal research. Legal treatises provide expert analysis and citations to primary and secondary sources on a variety of legal topics. All of this can help jumpstart legal research, saving legal researchers valuable time. Written for Student Lawyer, this column discusses the benefits of using legal treatises and encourages law students to become familiar with this important legal research tool.
Chemical Analysis Metrology

Measurement in chemical analysis requires at its base validation of analytical methods. Validation shows that the measurement of content is correct for a specific type of material within some limit of uncertainty, where the uncertainty is due to random variation after any bias of the measurement is removed. Analyses involve sampling, sample preparation, use of standards, and an assay method that is applied to measure the content. Statistical evaluation of the results in each step can combined to evaluate the overall validty of the measurement. Keywords: sampling; sample preparation; assay; validation; uncertainty; bias; sensitivity; detection limit
Metric admissibility and agglomerative clustering

A new clustering admissibility condition, metric admissibility,is introduced. This admissibility condition is important in clustering applications where it is desired that the cluster distances remain metric(satisfy the triangle inequality).The Lance and Williams infinite family of clusteringalgorithms is evaluated with respect to this admissibility condition. This family contains most ofthe commonly used agglomerative clustering algorithms. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given on the parameters of the Lance and Williams cluster distance function in order to assure metricadmissibility of the corresponding algorithms
Profile of American Black Women Leaders

There is not an available, global view of the current perceptions of American Black women in Fortune and non-Fortune 500 organizations. There is an inconsistent, limited view of the capabilities of American Black women in Fortune and non-Fortune 500 workplaces.