cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Profile-Driven Component Placement for Cluster-Based Online Services

The growth of the Internet and of various intranets has spawned a wealth of online services, most of which are implemented on local-area clusters using remote invocation (for example, remote procedure call/remote method invocation) among manually placed application components. Component placement can be a significant challenge for large-scale services, particularly when application resource needs are workload dependent. Automatic component placement has the potential to maximize overall system throughput. The key idea is to construct (offline) a mapping between input workload and individual-component resource consumption. Such mappings, called component profiles, then support high-performance placement. Preliminary results on an online auction benchmark based on J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) suggest that profile-driven tools can identify placements that achieve near-optimal overall throughput.
Influence of Deep Sea Drilling Project on Concepts of Global Tectonics: ABSTRACT

The concept of sea-floor spreading has been examined in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans by paleontologic dating of the sediments that lie in contact with acoustic basement. Despite errors that could be introduced by burial of sediments by sills, paleontologic dating limitations, and deep-sea currents creating a hiatus at the basement-sediment contact, there is an extraordinarily good relation between age of the basal sediments and distance from the ridge crest. Based on these data, an average Cenozoic spreading rate in the north Atlantic is 1.2 cm/yr, in the south Atlantic 2.0 cm/yr, and in the equatorial Pacific 12 cm/yr. By extrapolating spreading rates Heirtzler et al. proposed an age scale for the identifiable magnetic anomalies that typify a spreading sea floor. The ges of the basal sediments recovered by drilling agree very well with the time scale to about 45 m.y. ago. From 45 to 70 m.y. ago the agreement is also good, but the age of the basal sediment appears consistently lower than the proposed time scale. The sediments indicate there may be significant mineralization associated with the basal sediments. Samples should make possible reconstruction of oceanic circulations of the past and the dependence of these circulations on arrangement and emergence above sea level of land masses. Migration of the crust relative to effects related to the rotational poles of the earth, such as the equatorial zone, can be deduced. End_of_Article - Last_Page 357------------
EFFECT OF HANDLING AND PROCESSING ON DISCOLORATION OF ALBACORE TUNA

Occasionally, in the canning of tuna, normal appearing tuna flesh will turn from a desirable white color to an undesirable green color after precooking and prior to retorting. Results demonstrated that the different systems used by the fishermen to hold local albacore tuna prior to delivery to the processor had little influence on the incidence of green discoloration of precooked tuna. Furthermore, frozen storage of local tuna, up to 3 months, did not increase the incidence of green discoloration of precooked tuna.
On mismatch in the deep sub-micron era - from physics to circuits

Rapid decrease in feature sizes has increasingly accentuated the importance of matching between transistors. Deep sub-micron designs will further emphasize the need to focus on the effects of mismatch. Furthermore, increased efforts on high level analog device modeling will necessitate accompanying mismatch simulation and measurement methods. The deep sub-micron era forces circuit designers to learn more about the physics and the technology of transistors. This study introduces a method and assists circuit designers in including this method in their traditional design flow of circuits. By proposing a solution to the problem of building a modeling bridge between transistor mismatch and circuit response to it, we hope to enable designers to incorporate low level mismatch information in their higher level design.
Cell-based chondral restoration

As our patients become more physically active at all ages, the incidence of injuries to articular cartilage is increasing and is causing patients significant pain and disability at a younger age. The intrinsic healing response of articular cartilage is poor, because of its limited vascular supply and capacity for chondrocyte division. Nonsurgical management for the focal cartilage lesion is successful in the majority of patients. Those patients that fail conservative management may be candidates for a cartilage reparative or reconstructive procedure. The type of treatment available depends on a multitude of lesion-specific and patient-specific variables. First-line therapies for isolated cartilage lesions have demonstrated good clinical results in the correct patient but typically repair cartilage with fibrocartilage, which has inferior stiffness, inferior resilience, and poorer wear characteristics. Advances in cell-based cartilage restoration have provided the surgeon a means to address focal cartilage lesions utilizing mesenchymal stem cells, chondrocytes, and biomimetic scaffolds to restore hyaline cartilage.
An ultrastructural survey of the diversity of crystalline, proteinaceous inclusions in red algal cells

Abstract Light and electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of crystalline cellular inclusions in specimens of 18 species of red algae distributed among 11 orders. Structures, crystalline in outline or in substructure, were membrane-bounded or free in the cytoplasm. Crystals in the central vacuole may result from relocation after disruption of the vacuolar membrane. In addition to differing in sub-cellular location, the crystals varied in morphology, periodicity of substructure, location in the thallus, presence of a carbohydrate component, and possibly in their mode of crystallization. The diversity of morphology and substructure raises the possibility that crystals may have value in systematics. Two species of Palmaria were distinguishable on the basis of crystal morphology. However, in other genera different crystal morphologies were present in the same thallus, and sometimes even the same cell. Seasonal variation in thallus chemical composition may be attributed in part to protein stored ascrysta...
Contagious memes, viral videos and subversive parody: The grammar of contention on the Indian web

This essay presents the viral culture of videos, memes, and websites deploying the tropes of parody and satire as a newly emerging discourse of social and cultural critique on the Indian web. It situates this cultural phenomenon at the intersection of a prior tradition of heterodoxy in India as well as the globally proliferating memetic culture. The essay argues that the speech is distinguished by a logic of repetition with difference both in its parodic/satiric text as well as through its medium that allows the text to repeat at new sites creating new meanings.
Two new species of grasshoppers, Dellia karstica spec. nov. and Dellia maroona spec. nov. (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from the Cockpit Country, Jamaica

Abstract The acridid grasshopper genus Dellia Stal is redescribed and compared to other genera of Copiocerinae. Two new species of Dellia (Dellia karstica spec. nov. and Dellia maroona spec. nov.) from the Cockpit Country, Jamaica, are described and illustrated. General morphology and coloration indicate that D. karstica is closely related to the previously described D. gemmicula Rehn & Hebard from the Jamaican Blue Mountains.
Challenges for the Future

Education is the means through which meme-processing ability is learned and strengthened. An important challenge for the human race is then how to consciously design and implement educational methods specifically designed to enhance the meme-processing ability. Specific techniques of dealing with environments that are flooded with memes detrimental to the interests of the organism must be developed and taught, which may include both broad-spectrum anti-meme procedures such as relaxation and meditation techniques as well as specific anti-meme procedures yet to be developed. Identifying individuals who are vulnerable to infection by detrimental memes through genetic testing and environmental evaluation is another important challenge. The essence of our model of mental health and illness is that genes do not interact with environment directly, but through memes that enter the brain and are processed by the brain in interaction with and filtered by existing resident memes. New diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and tools must be developed specifically designed for gene × meme interaction. Certain testable hypotheses are discussed as well as the ethical implications of our model. As the quantum theory is most applicable and manifest in the microuniverse of subatomic particles, memes as memory and brain code provide a powerful model of gene × meme × environment interaction in the microcosm of the brain that results in mental health and illness. Memes may have achieved, or will shortly achieve, the ability to replicate themselves and evolve independently of humans in both space and cyberspace. Regardless of the evolutionary future of memes, they are currently mostly in a symbiotic relationship with our genes, and our mental health depends on the successful maintenance of the symbiosis through judicious processing of memes in the interest of ourselves, the result of our individual gene × meme × environment interaction.
Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in the United States: Quantifying the Responses to Anthropogenic Aerosols and Greenhouse Gases,+

AbstractChanges in extreme temperatures, heat waves, and heavy rainfall events have adverse effects on human health, air quality, and water resources. With aerosol-only (AER) and greenhouse gas–only (GHG) simulations from 1860 to 2005 in the GFDL CM3 chemistry–climate model, aerosol-induced versus greenhouse gas–induced changes in temperature (summer) and precipitation (all seasons) extremes over the United States are investigated. Small changes in these extremes in the all forcing simulations reflect cancellations between the effects of increasing anthropogenic aerosols and greenhouse gases. In AER, extreme high temperatures and the number of days with temperatures above the 90th percentile decline over most of the United States. The strongest response occurs in the western United States (−2.0°C and −14 days, regionally averaged) and the weakest response occurs in the southeastern United States (−0.6°C and −4.8 days). An opposite-signed response pattern occurs in GHG (+2.3°C and +11.5 days over the weste...
Common names of the cultivated vegetable crops of the world, listed by division, family, genus and species

(AFRIKAANS) perdestertvaring; (ARABIC) el-konbath, zail el-hosam; (BELARUSAN) hvost poljave; (CHINESE, MANDARIN) wen jing; (CHINESE, WU) wen jing; (CZECH) přeslicka rolni; (DANISH) ager-padderokk; (DUTCH) heermoes; (ENGLISH) horsetail, field horsetail; (ESTONIAN) osi; (FINNISH) peltokorte; (FRENCH) prele des champs; (GERMAN) Zinnkraut, Acker-Schachtelhalm; (GREEK) lippoyris, dolycombi; (HEBREW) shvatvat, shvatvat ha-sade; (HUNGARIAN) mezei zsurlo; (ICELANDIC) kloelfting; (ITALIAN) coda cavallina; (JAPANESE) sugina, tsukushi; (KALAGAN) mangobyon; (KAZAKH) hvosch; (LATVIAN) tīruma kosa; (LITHUANIAN) dirvinis asiūklis; (MACEDONIAN) polska prslika; (MALTESE) denb iz-ziemel; (MONGOLIAN) khuduugiin shivlee; (NEPALI) aankhle jhar, kurkure jhar; (NORWEGIAN) akersnelle; (POLISH) skrzyp polny; (PORTUGUESE) cavalinha, cavalinha dos campos, pinheira, cauda de cavalo; (SERBO-CROATIAN) preslica, poljska; (SPANISH) cola de caballo, equiseto menor; (STELLINGWERFS) lidruske, peerdestat, peerds, peers, robol, lidrus; (SWEDISH) frâken; (TAJIKI) chilbughum; (TURKISH) tarla atkuyrugu, at kuyrugu, cam otu, cigcig, ekleme; (TURKMEN) mejdan nwosy; (URDU) mathi arwin; (VLAAMS) heermoes, akkerpaardestaart; (WELSH) marchrawn-yrardir.
Transition Modeling for General CFD Applications in Aeronautics

A new correlation-based transition model has been developed, which is built strictly on local variables. As a result, the transition model is compatible with modern CFD techniques such as unstructured grids and massively parallel execution. The model is based on two transport equations, one for intermittency and one for a transition onset criterion in terms of momentum thickness Reynolds number. The proposed transport equations do not attempt to model the physics of the transition process (unlike e.g. turbulence models), but form a framework for the implementation of transition correlations into general-purpose CFD methods. The transition model was initially developed for turbomachinery flows. The main goal of the present paper is to validate the model for predicting transition in aeronautical flows. An incremental approach was used to validate the model, first on 2D airfoils and then on progressively more complicated test cases such as a 3-element flap, a 3D transonic wing and a full helicopter configuration. In all cases good agreement with the available experimental data was observed. The authors believe that the current formulation is a significant step forward in engineering transition modeling, as it allows the combination of transition correlations with general purpose CFD codes. There is a strong potential that the model will allow the 1 st order effects of transition to be included in everyday industrial CFD simulations.
The Development of Modern Penile Implants

Abstract Introduction Modern penile implants were introduced to the marketplace more than 40 years ago and were the first effective treatment of organic erectile dysfunction. The original devices were effective in restoring erections but were prone to early malfunction. Aim This article describes the penile implants tested in clinical trials and chronicles the changes implemented by penile implant vendors in perfecting their products to improve device longevity, ease of use, and patient satisfaction. Methods The narrative is divided into six sections, three for inflatable implants and three for the semirigid rod-type devices. The inflatable category includes the three-piece inflatable, the two-piece inflatable, and unitary or self-contained inflatable prostheses. The semirigid rod types consist of soft semirigid, malleable, and mechanical implants. Main Outcome Measures These include ease of use, longevity of function, and patient and partner satisfaction. These parameters determine the success or failure of a particular product. Results Those devices producing the best rigidity and flaccidity (ie, the three-piece inflatables) have increased in popularity and hold the largest market share. Implants not performing well in providing these two qualities have a smaller sales volume or have been discontinued. Conclusion Penile implants have provided a predictable and reliable way for restoring erections in those patients in whom more conservative measures have failed. Vendors have reinforced or eliminated areas of these devices that were prone to wear and have made them easier to operate. The currently available models have very good durability and patient satisfaction.
Thin Films and Coatings for Absorptive Removal of Antimicrobials, Antibiotics, and Other Pharmaceuticals

The US EPA regards “emerging pollutants” as new unregulated chemicals which impact the environment and human health. Many chemicals such as analgesics, anti-inflammatories, beta-blockers, antibiotics, and antimicrobials are not being effectively removed in water treatment. Triclosan, a ubiquitous antimicrobial that is widely used in antibacterial products and in clinical situations is of growing concern as it has been found to degrade human health with potentially devastating promotion of cancer and autoimmune diseases. In this study we are exploring the removal of triclosan using molecular modeling and absorptive/adsorption experiments on modified clays monitored by Tandem Liquid Chromatography — Mass Spectrometry (LCMS). Thin films and coatings offer the opportunity to build complex structures, save materials and engineer hybrid systems. Manual coating (brushing, dipping and air spraying) as well as 3D printing has been explored.
TEST STUDY ON AFFECTING FACTORS UPON DUAL-PRESSURE CONDENSER'S PERFORMANCE UNDER CONDITION OF VACUUM PUMP WITH HEADER SYTEM

The air-extracting system of dual-pressure condenser is adopting the connection mode with header system,in the case of extracting air from low pressure side of said condenser,the push-out phenomenon appears resulting in deviation of pressure difference between high and low pressrue sides from the designed value,affecting the performance of said dual-pressure condenser.The affecting factors upon said pressure difference have been studied,including the open degree of regulating valve on the air-extracting header of vacuum pump for extracting air and the number of vacuum pumps to be started up etc.,it shows that the regulating valve for extracting air has an optimal open degree which is related to vacuum value in the said condenser.In the event of regulating valve for extracting air is in the optimal open degree,the vacuum pumps adopt operation mode of "two pumps in the operation and one pump in standby" is more economic.
What Is The Impact Of Job Burnout Antecedents On Georgia Nursing Home Administrators

Retaining effective and qualified nursing home administrators is becoming a daunting task. With the increase of elderly people in America, the nursing home industry is being forced to address the leadership crisis in the industry. Participants in the study were licensed nursing home administrators (N = 363) who are employed in the state of Georgia. 141 completed surveys were returned for a response rate of 38%. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of job burnout antecedents: workload, control, rewards, community, fairness, and values on Georgia nursing home administrators?
Area of Interest 1, CO2 at the Interface. Nature and Dynamics of the Reservoir/Caprock Contact and Implications for Carbon Storage Performance

We examined the influence of geologic features present at the reservoir/caprock interface on the transmission of supercritical CO2 into and through caprock. We focused on the case of deformation-band faults in reservoir lithologies that intersect the interface and transition to opening-mode fractures in caprock lithologies. Deformation-band faults are exceeding common in potential CO2 injection units and our fieldwork in Utah indicates that this sort of transition is common. To quantify the impact of these interface features on flow and transport we first described the sedimentology and permeability characteristics of selected sites along the Navajo Sandstone (reservoir lithology) and Carmel Formation (caprock lithology) interface, and along the Slickrock Member (reservoir lithology) and Earthy Member (caprock lithology) of the Entrada Sandstone interface, and used this information to construct conceptual permeability models for numerical analysis. We then examined the impact of these structures on flow using single-phase and multiphase numerical flow models for these study sites. Key findings include: (1) Deformation-band faults strongly compartmentalize the reservoir and largely block cross-fault flow of supercritical CO2. (2) Significant flow of CO2 through the fractures is possible, however, the magnitude is dependent on the small-scale geometry of the contact between the opening-mode fracture and the deformation more » band fault. (3) Due to the presence of permeable units in the caprock, caprock units are capable of storing significant volumes of CO2, particularly when the fracture network does not extend all the way through the caprock. The large-scale distribution of these deformation-bandfault-to-opening-mode-fractures is related to the curvature of the beds, with greater densities of fractures in high curvature regions. We also examined core and outcrops from the Mount Simon Sandstone and Eau Claire Formation reservoir/caprock interface in order to extend our work to a reservoir/caprock pair this is currently being assessed for long-term carbon storage. These analyses indicate that interface features similar to those observed at the Utah sites 3 were not observed. Although not directly related to our main study topic, one byproduct of our investigation is documentation of exceptionally high degrees of heterogeneity in the pore-size distribution of the Mount Simon Sandstone. This suggests that the unit has a greater-than-normal potential for residual trapping of supercritical CO2. « less
Colonic and Pancreatic Mucin Glycoproteins Expressed in Neoplasia

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the colonic and pancreatic mucin glycoproteins expressed in neoplasia. Alterations in glycoproteins and glycolipids are among the most common phenomena associated with malignant transformation. In cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, many of the phenotypic markers for malignancy have been found to be mucin glycoproteins. Recent molecular cloning and sequencing data on three distinct mucin cDNAs, one encoding breast and pancreatic cancer mucins and two encoding distinct intestinal mucin genes, indicate that the apomucin peptide itself consists of repetitive tandem repeats segment flanked on either side by nonrepetitive unique segments. The repetitive segments are much more heavily glycosylated with O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides than are the unique segments. The modified sugar structures, or exposed inner sugar-core structures, or the exposed protein backbone may serve as premalignant and malignant markers.
A History of Microcomputer Spreadsheets

In 1978, the first microcomputer spreadsheet program was developed. Since then spreadsheets have become widely used as productivity software for business and home computer users. Many of today’s MIS faculty members use a variety of spreadsheet programs, but the origins and evolution of this product category is of on-going interest to students, managers and MIS faculty. This article is a contemporary history of microcomputer spreadsheets based on primary and secondary sources.
Kinetics of guaiacol deoxygenation using methane over the Pt–Bi catalyst

Using H2 as a reductant, catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is typically used for upgrading bio-oils, generally produced from thermal degradation of lignin. In our recent prior work, methane was used to deoxygenate guaiacol over the Pt–Bi catalyst and was found to exhibit as good deoxygenation performance as hydrogen. In the present work, using methane as a reductant, detailed reaction pathways and kinetics of guaiacol deoxygenation are studied using differential and integral operating conditions. Kinetic parameters including rate constants and activation energies are determined for each individual reaction step. The model predicted values match experimental data well. Results from the present work are discussed and compared with the literature values. The present work provides a practical novel approach for bio-oil upgrading using methane as a reductant instead of hydrogen.
Twenty Years of Time Series Econometrics in Ten Pictures

This review tells the story of the past 20 years of time series econometrics through ten pictures. These pictures illustrate six broad areas of progress in time series econometrics: estimation of dynamic causal effects; estimation of dynamic structural models with optimizing agents (specifically, dynamic stochastic equilibrium models); methods for exploiting information in "big data" that are specialized to economic time series; improved methods for forecasting and for monitoring the economy; tools for modeling time variation in economic relationships; and improved methods for statistical inference. Taken together, the pictures show how 20 years of research have improved our ability to undertake our professional responsibilities. These pictures also remind us of the close connection between econometric theory and the empirical problems that motivate the theory, and of how the best econometric theory tends to arise from practical empirical problems.
Security policy transition framework for Software Defined networks

Controllers for software defined networks (SDNs) are quickly maturing to offer network operators more intuitive programming frameworks and greater abstractions for network application development. Likewise, many security solutions now exist within SDN environments for detecting and blocking clients who violate network policies. However, many of these solutions stop at triggering the security measure and give little thought to amending it. As a consequence, once the violation is addressed, no clear path exists for reinstating the flagged client beyond having the network operator reset the controller or manually implement a state change via an external command. This presents a burden for the network and its clients and administrators. Hence, we present a security policy transition framework for revoking security measures in an SDN environment once said measures are activated.
Comparative Analysis of Simulation and Real-World Energy Consumption for Battery-Life Estimation of Low-Power IoT (Internet of Things) Deployment in Varying Environmental Conditions Using Zolertia Z1 Motes

Battery life and power consumption have been a challenging real-world problem for the internet of things (IoT). IoT applications in biomedical, agriculture, ecosystem monitoring, wildlife management, etc., need an accurate estimation of average battery life based on the environment and application. In this paper, we opt for an experimental approach and use various types of real-world environmental conditions such as the presence of interferences and high-intensity lights, to determine the actual power consumption of IoT nodes with a new set of off-the-shelf AA batteries for each scenario. We took readings in each of these environments such as an indoor Basketball Court, an Auditorium, and a room (our lab) and to verify results in outdoor conditions we chose parking lot as one of the testing environments. Further analysis and experimentation were performed to get detailed results. Results were obtained using widely used Zolertia Z1 hardware motes arranged in a specific and consistent pattern. We have compared our experimental results with simulated results in the Cooja simulator.
Effective Breeding Size

In describing the effects of finite population size, we used as a model a Hardy-Weinberg population of infinite size, divided at random into an infinite number of lines of finite size N. We then related our measures of the effect of finite size to N; e.g., the rate of inbreeding was ΔF = 1/2N.
Ultrafast Switching at the U.S. Army Pulse Power Center

There has been considerable research recently into the generation, propagation, and detection of short electromagnetic pulses for a variety of applications from impulse radar to communications. This area has come to be known by the title “ultra-wideband” research, and encompasses many disciplines including analytical and numerical electromagnetic modeling, antenna and array design, signal processing, broadband circuit design, and switching technology. The generation of fast electromagnetic transients or impulses ultimately depends on high-speed voltage switching. A switch can be used to switch a pulse-forming line and generate an ultrafast electrical impulse which is then fed into an ultra-wideband antenna and radiated; or the switch and antenna can be integrated, whereby the antenna serves as the energy storage medium which radiates directly when discharged by the fast switch. This is illustrated for two generic impulse generators in Figure 1. Ultrafast EM impulse generation requires nanosecond or sub-nanosecond switching speeds. For high-power impulse generation, switches operating at kilovolt levels and greater are necessary. Achieving ultrafast, kilovolt switching has required special techniques and new technologies. It is this area which is the subject of this article. This paper is a survey of the approaches toward ultrafast high-voltage pulse generation that have been pursued at the U.S. Army Pulse Power Center, as well as previous work with which the authors have been associated. Switching techniques, such as semiconductor photoconductive switches and conventional sparkgaps, and pulse generator circuit topologies will discussed
Diabetes-Related Neuropathies

With an estimate of 350 million people in the world having diabetes by the year 2030, diabetes will be an enormous cause of neuropathy. Approximately 50% of those people developing diabetes will develop a clinically significant neuropathy. In addition, the increase in prediabetes prevalence, and the associated increase in neuropathy risk in that cohort, suggests an epidemic of neuropathy that is going to be a challenge for the healthcare system to handle. The majority of individuals with diabetic neuropathy have type 2 diabetes (~95%), although large numbers of individuals with prediabetes are at risk for any associated distal neuropathy as well. Typically individuals with type 1 diabetes do not develop neuropathy until at least 5 years after diagnosis, while those individuals with type 2 diabetes may have neuropathy at the time of diagnosis. Neuropathies can vary in clinical presentation from a distal symmetric neuropathy, mononeuropathy, cranial neuropathy, plexus neuropathy, or even autonomic neuropathy. In this chapter, the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of the various diabetes-related neuropathies are reviewed.
Density functional tight binding study of β-Ga2O3: Electronic structure, surface energy, and native point defects

A new parameter set to model monoclinic gallium oxide, β-Ga2O3, with the density functional tight binding (DFTB) method is developed. Using this new parameter set, DFTB calculations of bulk electronic band structure, surface energy of low-index surfaces, and formation energy of native point vacancy defects are performed and compared with the state-of-the-art density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the advanced hybrid exchange correlation functional. DFTB calculates the bandgap energy of 4.87 eV around the Fermi energy with the conduction band approximately following the DFT study by Peelaers and Van de Walle [Phys. Status Solidi B 252, 828 (2015)]. The surface energies calculated feature the correct order of stability among low index surfaces with surface energies in semiquantitative agreement with Bermudez' report [Chem. Phys. 323, 193 (2006)]. Oxygen and gallium vacancy defect formation energies and respective transition levels calculated using DFTB with a new parameter set are in semiquantitative agreement with the previous DFT reports by Varley et al. and Zacherle et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 142106 (2010); Phys. Rev. B 87, 235206 (2013)]. This new semiempirical parameter set for β-Ga2O3, validated in bulk, surface, and point properties, would be useful for large spatiotemporal quantum chemical calculations regarding β-Ga2O3.
Effects of Polynomial Plus Power-Law Errors on SAR Refraction Autofocus

Radar pulses are subject to delay and bending as a result of refraction through the earth's atmosphere. Such effects can yield overall scene defocus in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, since the amount of delay and bending can vary from one radar pulse to the next along the synthetic aperture due to spatially varying atmospheric conditions. A recent investigation has resulted in SAR autofocus techniques for estimating and compensating for these atmospheric delay and bending effects. The current analysis examines the performance of this autofocus algorithm for cases in which the atmospheric delay and bending are obtained from error profiles along the synthetic aperture which include both polynomial modeling and power-law contributions. Refocus results from the subject atmospheric-based autofocus methods are quite positive when applied to measured Ku-band radar imagery in which known delay and bending errors have been applied.
An introduction to dental wear in evolutionary and biocultural contexts

Abstract This volume pulls together experts representing a range of current approaches to the study of dental wear in extant primates, hominins, and ancient humans to highlight advancements in macrowear and microwear analyses, particularly those regarding diet, extramasticatory behaviors, and tooth use via evolutionary and biocultural perspectives. As biostructures that facilitate interaction between bodily and external environments, teeth provide the first step in the digestion of food through mechanical breakdown. But by engaging in their primary function, teeth experience wear from tooth-to-tooth and tooth-food-tooth contact as well as chemical erosion. Tooth wear reflects the interaction of tooth form and use and therefore provides insight into the evolutionary history of our primate relatives and hominin ancestors; it also documents dietary nuances in modern humans as they dispersed and inhabited a great variety of geographic regions. As a complex, multifactorial process, tooth wear has garnered significant attention at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. Improvements in the understanding of chewing mechanics and dental hard tissue properties, along with recent applications of technology capable of analyzing dental microsurfaces, has led to a fluorescence in dental wear study and generated a rich and extensive literature. This volume serves to underscore the value of studying dental wear in biological anthropology and touches on some of this diversity of current research.
Serum exosomal-annexin A2 is associated with African-American triple-negative breast cancer and promotes angiogenesis

Limited information is available on biomarker(s) for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) that can address the higher incidence and aggressiveness of TNBC in African-American (AA) women. Our previous studies have demonstrated annexin A2 (AnxA2) association with exosomes which promotes angiogenesis and metastasis. Therefore, our goal was to examine the expression and function of exosomal-annexin A2 (exo-AnxA2) derived from the serum samples of breast cancer patients. The expression of serum exo-AnxA2 and its association with clinicopathological features of the breast cancer patients were determined. The role of serum exo-AnxA2 to promote angiogenesis was determined by an in vivo Matrigel plug assay. Our results show that the expression of serum exo-AnxA2 in breast cancer patients (n = 169; 83.33 ± 2.040 ng/mL, P < 0.0001) is high compared to non-cancer females (n = 68; 34.21 ± 2.238 ng/mL). High expression of exo-AnxA2 levels in breast cancer was significantly associated with tumor grade (P < 0.0001), poor overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) 2.802; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.030–7.620; P = 0.0353), and poor disease-free survival (HR 7.934; 95% CI = 1.778–35.398; P = 0.0301). The expression of serum exo-AnxA2 levels was significantly elevated in TNBC (n = 68; 109.1 ± 2.905 ng/mL; P < 0.0001) in comparison to ER+ (n = 50; 57.35 ± 1.545 ng/mL), HER2+ (n = 59; 78.25 ± 1.146 ng/mL), and non-cancer females (n = 68; 34.21 ± 2.238 ng/mL). Exo-AnxA2 showed diagnostic values with a maximum AUC as 1.000 for TNBC, 0.8304 for ER+, and 0.9958 for HER2+ compared to non-cancer females. The expression of serum exo-AnxA2 was significantly elevated in AA women with TNBC (n = 29; 118.9 ± 4.086 ng/mL, P < 0.0001) in comparison to Caucasian-American TNBC (n = 27; 97.60 ± 3.298 ng/mL) patients. Our in vivo results suggest a role of serum exo-AnxA2 in angiogenesis and its association with aggressiveness of TNBC in AA women. Our results demonstrated that the expression of serum exo-AnxA2 is high in AA women with TNBC and promotes angiogenesis. These findings suggest that exo-AnxA2 holds promise as a potential prognosticator of TNBC and may lead to an effective therapeutic option.
Chapter 58 – Retinoblastoma

Publisher Summary Retinoblastoma is a malignancy of the eye, usually occurring in young children. About half of these malignancies occur in persons who have inherited a gene causing a specific susceptibility. The causes of the others are unknown, although the mechanism of action is by means of a mutation in the same gene. This may be produced by an environmental exposure such as radiation, or it may occur for unknown reasons. The incidence of retinoblastoma in Los Angeles County is identical to that in other populations and identical in the two sexes. Incidence is unrelated to either racial/ethnic identity or social class, and the occurrence in Los Angeles County as a whole has been constant over time. No systematic pattern of occurrence is apparent, and therefore no local source of causation is proposed.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and HbA1c in middle age and older adults without type 2 diabetes mellitus: A preliminary randomized study.

Abstract Background and aims Probiotic supplementation improves glycemic control in persons with diabetes and the current study examined whether these benefits extend to healthy individuals. Methods The current study was a 90-day placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were quantified at baseline and follow up. Results ANCOVA controlling for baseline values showed group differences in follow up HbA1c [F (1,90) = 8.44, p = 0.005]; HbA1c values increased in the placebo group, though remained stable in the probiotic group. Conclusions If replicated, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG may protect against changes in glycemic control.
The immunology of blood: connecting the dots at the neurovascular interface.

Katerina Akassoglou recounts how her work on the mechanisms and functions of blood leaks in the brain led to the discovery of fibrin-targeting immunotherapy.
Extraction-Free Methods for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 by Reverse Transcription-PCR: a Comparison with the Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 Assay across Two Medical Centers.

Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection; however, testing has been complicated by supply shortages and long turnaround times. A major limiting factor early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (
Experimental investigation of impact of injury measures on the protection screens of combat armoured vehicles

In order to evaluate the relative properties of the protective screen to the striking energy of the means of defeat, an experimental study was conducted, which allowed to test the hypothesis regarding the protection of the combat armoured vehicles against the means of defeat which, under the action of kinetic energy, destroy the armoured obstacle. Based on the data obtained during the experimental study, a mathematical model was constructed that describes the punching momentum of the protective screen. The use of this model makes it possible to calculate the energy losses caused by deformation and destruction of the obstacle. Built as a result of the multifactor experiment, the regularity of the impact of the means of defeat on the protective screen takes into account the speed of the means of defeat, the angle of encounter of the means of defeat with the protective screen, the thickness of the front and back layer and the hardness of the means of defeat.
Subjetividades femeninas: de la mímica subversiva a los discursos contestatarios

A mediados del siglo XIX, la figura de “la mujer ideal” semejaba una amplia campana bajo una cintura breve, pechos abultados y una larga cabellera llena de rizos o en un complicado mono. El corse usado desde el siglo XVI era un artefacto de genero y varillas metalicas que se cenian al cuerpo para realzar las caderas y el busto (signos de la maternidad) achicando la cintura alrededor de diez centimetros con el objetivo de crear lo que en aquella epoca se llamaba “una cintura de avispa”. Los vestidos debian cubrir hasta la punta de los pies y requerian entre siete y diez metros de tela que en la falda se extendia en forma perfectamente redondeada, gracias a las enaguas confeccionadas con aros de acero en un armado metalico.
Pulling the Trigger: The Decision of Arming School Staff in a Large, Diverse School District:

Based on events in Florida, this case explores issues that accompany the choice to arm school personnel as a means to address school violence and shootings. Readers consider the issue from the pers...
Commentary on "Copper chaperone for Cu,Zn-SOD supplement potentiates the Cu,Zn-SOD function of neuroprotective effects against ischemic neuronal damage in the gerbil hippocampus".

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide radicals, are known to cause oxidative stress contributing to the development of numerous pathological conditions including those in the central nervous system (CNS). Antioxidant enzymes, which are normal cellular defenses against ROS, scavenge these species to limit or prevent damage. The superoxide dismutases (SOD) are one family of antioxidant enzymes, which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide [1]. This family of enzymes consists of cytoplasmic and nuclear CuZn-SOD [2], mitochondrial Mn-SOD [3], and extracellular SOD (EC-SOD) [4].
Factors Contributing to Financial Well-Being among Black and Hispanic Women

This article provides an in-depth examination of the financial well-being of Black and Hispanic women and the factors contributing to that well-being, using the 2018 survey wave of the National Financial Capability Study. The article documents meaningful differences between Black and Hispanic women versus White women; the former are more likely to face economic challenges that depress financial well-being. Controlling for differences in sociodemographic characteristics, important dissimilarities distinguish the factors that contribute to financial well-being for Black and Hispanic women compared to White women—including the distinct impacts of education, family structure, employment, and financial literacy. The results imply that extant financial education programs inadequately address the needs of Black and Hispanic women. TOPICS:Wealth management, legal/regulatory/public policy Key Findings ▪ We explore the factors shaping financial well-being with a special focus on Black and Hispanic women between the ages of 22 and 60, in the 2018 National Financial Capability Study. ▪ Differences in demographic factors contribute to FWB across race and ethnicity, including education, family structure, employment, and financial literacy, provide insight into why subjective FWB scores do not appear to differ across race and ethnicity, despite objective measures, such as borrowing behavior, indicating strong differences. ▪ Our findings lead us to conclude that a “one size fits all” approach is unlikely to address differences in financial well-being across the board and, in particular, across sub-groups of women.
Intra-Articular Delivery of an Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Galectin-3 Fusion Protein for Osteoarthritis Treatment in Male Lewis Rats

Objective: Controlling joint inflammation can improve osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms; however, current treatments often fail to provide long-term effects. We have developed an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and galectin-3 fusion protein (IDO-Gal3). IDO converts tryptophan to kynurenines, directing the local environment toward an anti-inflammatory state; Gal3 binds carbohydrates and extends IDO9s joint residence time. In this study, we evaluated IDO-Gal39s ability to alter OA-associated inflammation and pain-related behaviors in a rat model of established knee OA. Methods: Joint residence was first evaluated with an analog Gal3 fusion protein (NanoLuc and Gal3, NL-Gal3) that produces luminescence from furimazine. OA was induced in male Lewis rats via a medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus transection (MCLT+MMT). At 8 weeks, NL or NL-Gal3 were injected intra-articularly (n=8 per group), and bioluminescence was tracked for 4 weeks. Next, IDO-Gal39s ability to modulate OA pain and inflammation was assessed. Again, OA was induced via MCLT+MMT in male Lewis rats, with IDO-Gal3 or saline injected into OA-affected knees at 8 weeks post-surgery (n=7 per group). Gait and tactile sensitivity were then assessed weekly. At 12 weeks, intra-articular levels of IL6, CCL2, and CTXII were assessed. Results: The Gal3 fusion increased joint residence in OA and contralateral knees (p<0.0001). In OA-affected animals, IDO-Gal3 improved tactile sensitivity (p=0.002), increased walking velocities (p<0.033), and improved vertical ground reaction forces (p<0.04). Finally, IDO-Gal3 decreased intra-articular IL6 levels within the OA-affected joint (p=0.0025). Conclusion: Intra-articular IDO-Gal3 delivery provided long-term modulation of joint inflammation and pain-related behaviors in rats with established OA.
Venous thoracic outlet syndrome and Paget-Schroetter syndrome

Abstract Venous thoracic outlet syndrome represents a relatively rare but important diagnosis in the adolescent population with increasing recognition. Compression of the subclavian vein within the costoclavicular space can lead to episodic venous outlet obstruction in the upper extremity, with edema, rubor and functional symptoms. Over time, cumulative injury and compression can lead to thrombosis of the vein, referred to as “effort thrombosis” or the Paget-Schroetter syndrome. This progression can lead to the need for acute management of the venous thromboembolism, requirement for thoracic outlet decompression surgery and the potential for long-term sequelae such as post-thrombotic syndrome. Management is focused on clot minimization, anticoagulation during the period of endothelial injury and inflammation and surgical decompression via first rib resection, anterior scalenectomy and venolysis to remove external compression of the vein. This manuscript reviews the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of venous thoracic outlet syndrome and Paget-Schroetter syndrome.
Atomic Physics in the Early Twentieth Century

During the eighteenth century France and Great Britain led the world in science. In the nineteenth century marked fluctuations in scientific leadership took place. In the first decades, despite the setbacks related to the French Revolution, France was the leading country in science, particularly in chemistry. In the middle of the century Great Britain took the lead. Then, toward the end of the century, particularly in the last three decades, leadership passed to Germany. Some of the developments in science that took place in Germany, especially in the last part of the century, will be mentioned first. These developments set the stage for the rapid advances made in the twentieth century.
Tissue Response to Implants

In order to implant a material, the surgeon has to injure the tissue first. Also the injured or diseased tissues should be removed to some extent in the process of implantation. The success of the entire operation depends on the kind and degree of tissue response. This is an important aspect of biocompatibility. Biocompatibility entails mechanical, chemical, pharmacological, and surface compatibility as mentioned in Chapter 1. The tissue response toward injury may vary widely according to the site, species, contamination, etc. However, the inflammation and the cellular response to the wound for both intentional and accidental injuries are the same regardless of the sites.
Crossover from Kramers to phase-diffusion switching in moderately damped Josephson junctions

We have measured and propose a model for switching rates in hysteretic DC-SQUID in the regime where phase diffusion processes start to occur. We show that the switching rates in this regime are smaller than the rates given by Kramers’ formula due to retrapping of Josephson phase. The retrapping process, which is affected by the frequency dependent impedance of the environment of the DC-SQUID, leads to a peaked second moment of the switching distribution as a function of temperature. The temperature where the peaks occur are proportional to the critical current of the DC- SQUID.