cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The fluidity of biosocial identity and the effects of place, space, and time.

Abstract Public and scientific conceptions of identity are changing alongside advances in biotechnology, with important relevance to health and medicine. In particular, biological identity, once predominantly conceived as static (e.g., related to DNA, dental records, fingerprints) is now being recognized as dynamic or fluid, mirroring contemporary understandings of psychological and social identity. The dynamism of biological identity comes from the individual body's unique relationship with the world surrounding it, and therefore may best be described as biosocial. This paper reviews advances in scientific understandings of identity and presents a model that contrasts prior static approaches to biological identity from more recent dynamically-relational ones. This emerging viewpoint is of broad significance to health and medicine, particularly as medicine recognizes the significance of biography – i.e. the multiple, dense interactions imparted on a body across spatio-temporal dimensions – to phenotypic prediction, especially disease risk.
Catalyst Oxidation and Dissolution in Supercritical Water

We use thermodynamic models to predict catalyst oxidation and dissolution in supercritical water (SCW) and use experiments to assess the viability of the models for practical SCW reaction systems and provide relative rates for these mechanisms. We examined the oxidation and dissolution of noble and transition metals, metal oxide catalyst supports, and transition metal carbides and nitrides under SCW conditions. The materials were tested in batch reactors at 400 °C for 60 min, and the SCW density was varied from 0 to 0.5 g/mL to observe the influence of the solvent properties on stability. Oxidation and dissolution were determined by comparing the initial catalyst composition and structure with those of the catalysts recovered from the reactors after exposure to the SCW environment. The gas-phase recovered from the reactors was analyzed for H2 produced from oxidation. The aqueous phase was analyzed for metals from dissolution. The ΔGrxn for oxidation and the solubility of the catalysts in SCW at the experi...
Nursing at historically black colleges and universities.

Abstract Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) have been committed to educating diverse and underserved populations since their inception. Their commitments for over 100 years have resulted in increased diversity in many careers, but specifically in the field of nursing. HBCU nursing schools have been producing diverse nurses since shortly after the Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves in 1863, and today HBCUs continue to educate, motivate, and develop nurses at every level, including associate, baccalaureate, master, and doctorate. With universal consensus on the need for a diverse and highly functional nursing workforce, both the historic and potential future impact and contributions of HBCUs should not be ignored. HBCU schools of nursing continue to be committed to producing baccalaureate nurses prepared to advance and lead health care in a variety of settings, from a variety of backgrounds. Their commitments to first-generation college students and those from socially and economically disadvantaged backgrounds, continue to be a hallmark characteristic of HBCUs, therefore, clearly pointing to their paramount role in producing the future of healthcare.
Multimodal anomaly detection for assistive robots

Detecting when something unusual has happened could help assistive robots operate more safely and effectively around people. However, the variability associated with people and objects in human environments can make anomaly detection difficult. We previously introduced an algorithm that uses a hidden Markov model (HMM) with a log-likelihood detection threshold that varies based on execution progress. We now present an improved version of our previous algorithm (HMM-D) and introduce a new algorithm based on Gaussian process regression (HMM-GP). We also present a new and more thorough evaluation of 8 anomaly detection algorithms with force, sound, and kinematic signals collected from a robot closing microwave doors, latching a toolbox, scooping yogurt, and feeding yogurt to able-bodied participants. Overall, HMM-GP had the highest performance in terms of area under the curve for these real-world tasks, and multiple modalities improved performance with some anomalies being better detected with particular modalities. With synthetic anomalies, HMM-D exhibited shorter detection delays and outperformed HMM-GP with high-magnitude anomalies. In general, higher-magnitude synthetic anomalies tended to be detected more rapidly.
An Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge: The a priori

In this chapter we shall explore some views about a priori knowledge and justification. Many philosophers are convinced that we are justified in believing some things a priori , but, as we shall see, there are different views about how we might explain or define the concept of a priori justification. Moreover, philosophers disagree about the scope or extent of our a priori knowledge and justification. In the first section, we shall consider different views about what it is for a proposition to be justified a priori . In the second section, we shall consider some views about basic a priori justification. Must beliefs that enjoy basic a priori justification be certain, indefeasible, and true? Those who answer “yes” favor a “strong” account of a priori knowledge and justification. Others favor a more modest account. In the final section, we shall examine some views about what it is for a proposition to be analytic and we will consider briefly whether our a priori knowledge is confined to propositions that are analytic. A priori justification We know some propositions because we infer them from other things we know. A man might know, for example, that his wife is home because he infers it from the facts that her car is in the driveway, her coat is on the back of the chair, and he hears footsteps upstairs. Or, one might infer from various propositions of geometry that the Pythagorean Theorem is true. Reason or reasoning plays some role in our inferential knowledge.
Variation and Risk Analysis in Tablet Press Control for Continuous Manufacturing of Solid Dosage via Direct Compaction

Abstract A continuous rotary tablet press is a multi-stage process with many punch stations running in parallel, in which each punch undergoes the following steps: die filling and metering, pre-compaction, main-compaction, tablet ejection, and tablet take-off from lower punch. Process uncertainties or disturbances within a punch station or among stations in the tablet press are a major source of variation in final product quality attributes, e.g., hardness, weight, etc., which in turn imposes challenges for the real-time release in pharmaceutical continuous manufacturing of solid dosage. In this study, the direct compression line at Purdue University was investigated and a Natoli BLP-16 tablet press was used to characterize powder compressibility, system dynamics and variation, as well as the interaction effects on process control development. The compressibility of tablets made from a blend of Acetaminophen (API), Avicel Microcrystalline Cellulose PH-200 (excipient), and SiO 2 (lubricant) was found to be largely independent of tableting speed. By contrast, filling depth or dosing level, turret speed, feed-frame speed, and compression force were interacting and significantly affected the die-filling process and the final product quality attributes. Thus, the design of the process control structure plays an important role in reducing process and product quality variations. A hierarchical three-level control design was proposed and evaluated, consisting of Level 0 Natoli built-in control, Level 1 decoupled Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) cascaded control loops for tablet weight and production rate control, and Level 2 advanced model predictive control. Process variations, e.g., in powder bulk density changes, during continuous steady-state operation were also investigated. Finally, a risk analysis of the effects of the process dynamics on variation on the product quality control was briefly discussed and summarized.
The role of macroinvertebrates in the distribution of lead (Pb) within an urban marsh ecosystem

Environmental risk from contaminated aquatic sediments requires an understanding of its spatial distribution, bioavailability and rate of transfer to resident aquatic and terrestrial biota. We hypothesized that macroinvertebrates play a role in the sequestration, distribution, and dispersal of lead from lead shot contaminated sediments. To assess this, we sampled the predominant aquatic macroinvertebrate, Leptocerus americanus, from sites within the La Crosse River Marsh (La Crosse, Wi) identified to contain high levels of lead contamination. We measured lead content in larval cases, larval tissues and emergent adult tissues. Lead concentrations within whole larvae correlated with levels of lead within sediments, and lead was differentially partitioned between larval tissue and their silk cases. Over 90% of the lead was retained in larval cases, while the rest was distributed to the body tissue, which was largely conserved during the process of metamorphosis. Our models support that L. americanus emerging from the marsh in the contaminated area transfer as much as 160 mgPb out of the aquatic habitat each year. Our work demonstrates that macroinvertebrates affect the mobilization and dispersal of contaminants within aquatic sediments, and this role should be evaluated when making management decisions regarding contaminated ecosystems.
The Financial Counseling Profession

Financial counseling is a helping profession that assists clients through prevention and intervention services to help them meet their goals. The practice of financial counseling integrates skills and knowledge into the interactions and relationships between the client and counselor and influences the outcomes of the counseling process. The topics to be covered in this chapter are: The client/financial counselor relationship and how it is established, how diversity in clientele will influence the counseling approach, best practices and standards in counseling, the role of the counselor and expectations of the client including client resistance, the stages of counseling, intake, action plans, postponing or terminating financial counseling relationships, identifying and making referrals, and client resources.
Teacher log of students’ opportunity to learn and classroom observation: an initial investigation of convergence

The present study investigated the convergent validity of the Instructional Learning Opportunities Guidance System (MyiLOGS; Kurz and Elliott 2012), a teacher self-report log designed to measure students’ opportunity to learn (OTL) the intended curriculum. MyiLOGS is compared to the Classroom Strategies Assessment System—Observer Form (CSAS-O; Reddy and Dudek 2016), an online multidimensional assessment of instruction and behavior management practices. The study included 71 kindergarten through 12th grade teachers and 11 school principals from six high poverty charter schools in the northeastern USA. Results provided initial evidence for the relationship between OTL and principal observer ratings of instruction. As hypothesized, results indicate significant positive correlations between teacher ratings of time spent on instruction and time spent on academic standards with observer ratings of teaching strategies; and significant negative correlations with observer discrepancy ratings for instructional and behavior management. These findings indicate that the MyiLOGS teacher self-report formative assessment may support teachers’ movement towards improving their teaching practice. Limitations of the measures and generalizability are discussed.
Thank you reviewers - CytoJournal 2011.

CytoJournal, with its continued contribution of scientific cytopathology literature to the public domain under open access (OA) charter, thanks its dedicated peer reviewers for devoting significant efforts, time, and resources during 2011. The abstracts of poster-platform submissions to the 59th Annual Scientific Meeting (November 2011) of the American Society of Cytopathology (ASC) in Baltimore, MD, USA, were peer reviewed by the ASC Scientific Program Committee.
Use of targeted next generation sequencing to characterize tumor mutational burden and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition in small cell lung cancer

Clinically-available biomarkers to identify the fraction of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) who respond to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are lacking. High nonsynonymous tumor mutational burden (TMB), as assessed by whole exome sequencing, correlates with improved clinical outcomes for patients with SCLC treated with ICIs. Whether TMB as assessed by targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) is associated with improved efficacy of ICIs in patients with SCLC is currently unknown. Here we determined whether TMB by targeted NGS is associated with efficacy of ICIs in patients with SCLC. We collected clinicopathologic data from patients with relapsed or refractory SCLC which underwent targeted NGS with TMB assessment by the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute OncoPanel platform. The relationship between TMB and clinical outcomes after treatment with ICIs was investigated. Among the 52 patients treated with ICIs, we found no significant difference in the objective response rate (ORR) between patients with a TMB above the 50th percentile (“TMB high”) and those with a TMB at or below the 50th percentile (“TMB low”). The median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) were significantly longer in patients with a high TMB compared to those with a low TMB (mPFS: 3.3 versus 1.2 months, HR: 0.37 [95% CI: 0.20–0.69], P < 0.01; mOS: 10.4 versus 2.5 months, HR: 0.38 [95% CI: 0.19–0.77], P < 0.01). The one-year PFS and OS rates improved with increasing mutational load when TMB was divided into tertiles. These findings show that targeted NGS, a readily available clinical diagnostic test, can be used to identify patients with SCLC who are most likely to benefit from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Capitalism and Forms of Capitalism Levels of Abstraction in Economic Crisis Theory

To understand a severe economic crisis such as that of 2008, it is not sufficient to analyze capitalism-in-general along with various economic policy decisions and contingent events. An adequate analysis requires taking account of the particular form of capitalism. This approach to crisis theory is illustrated by an examination of the roots of the economic crisis that broke out in 2008 in the United States.
Lignite drying in a bench-scale pulsation-assisted fluidized bed dryer

AbstractA bench-scale indirect pulsation-assisted fluidized bed dryer with a 0.24 m2 cross-section area has been built to confirm the drying performance of lignite. The fluidized bed dryer with tub...
Leveraging STARE for Co-aligned Data Locality with netCDF and Python MPI

We have leveraged STARE indexing to package partitioned data chunks from diverse datasets into netCDF files, distributed them on a cluster of 16 lightweight nodes with their placements spatiotemporally co-aligned, and demonstrated a few integrative analyses using netCDF parallel I/O and Python MPI, with single-user performance and scalability comparable to, or even better than, that of a parallel array database management system (ADBMS) such as SciDB. However, records of the node location and STARE index ranges for each data chunk, similar to the chunk maps of SciDB, must be maintained and consulted by the I/O and analysis code for coordinating the analytic operations in parallel, in order to achieve the good performance and scalability.
Percutaneous mitral valve repair with MitraClip XTR for acute mitral regurgitation due to papillary muscle rupture.

Papillary muscle rupture is an infrequent and highly morbid mechanical complication of acute myocardial infarction. Surgical repair or replacement is traditionally considered first-line therapy. However, many of these patients present in extremis with prohibitively high surgical risk. Repair of mitral regurgitation with the MitraClip device (Abbot Vascular, Menlo Park, CA, USA) is an established therapy to treat degenerative and functional mitral regurgitation. We present a case of successful repair of severe mitral regurgitation due to papillary muscle rupture in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. A two-clip strategy resulted in mild residual mitral regurgitation with resolution of cardiogenic shock and refractory hypoxemia requiring veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Six-month follow-up echocardiogram identified durable results with mild mitral regurgitation and left ventricular ejection fraction of 63 %. Our case demonstrates that percutaneous mitral valve repair with MitraClip is a well-tolerated procedure that can provide acute and long-term benefit for patients with acute mitral regurgitation due to papillary muscle rupture who are at prohibitively high surgical risk. .
Postpartum Depression in American Indian/Alaska Native Women: A Scoping Review.

Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common complication of childbirth and affects one in nine new mothers in the United States. Objective The purpose of this review was to synthesize PPD research in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women. Specific aims were to 1) explore the extent to which PPD literature includes AI/AN women measured by the proportion of study samples that were AI/AN women and 2) identify and analyze gaps in the PPD literature for AI/AN women. Design Databases were searched using: "postpartum depression" and "American Indian," "Native American," "Alaska Native," "Inuit," and "Indigenous." "Postpartum depressive symptoms" and "puerperal mood disorder" were each paired with race/ethnicity search terms, yielding a final sample of nine articles. Results The proportion of study samples that were AI/AN women ranged from 0.8% to 100%. Compared with all women in the United States (11%), AI/AN women have higher PPD prevalence (14%-29.7%), suggesting a disparity among the different groups of women. Screening instruments were inconsistent among studies, and not all studies used a screening instrument specific to PPD. No cultural influences, risk, or protective factors were reported for AI/AN women. In the only intervention study, no significant differences in PPD symptoms between groups were found after the intervention. Conclusions This review uncovered significant gaps in the literature and suggested ways to advance the PPD science for AI/AN women. Clinical implications were described.
Direct time-resolved detection and quantification of key reactive intermediates in diethyl ether oxidation at T = 450-600 K.

High-pressure multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometry (MPIMS) with tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) ionization radiation from the Lawrence Berkeley Labs Advanced Light Source is used to investigate the oxidation of diethyl ether (DEE). Kinetics and photoionization (PI) spectra are simultaneously measured for the species formed. Several stable products from DEE oxidation are identified and quantified using reference PI cross-sections. In addition, we directly detect and quantify three key chemical intermediates: peroxy (ROO˙), hydroperoxyalkyl peroxy (˙OOQOOH), and ketohydroperoxide (HOOPO, KHP). These intermediates undergo dissociative ionization (DI) into smaller fragments, making their identification by mass spectrometry challenging. With the aid of quantum chemical calculations, we identify the DI channels of these key chemical species and quantify their time-resolved concentrations from the overall carbon atom balance at T = 450 K and P = 7500 torr. This allows the determination of the absolute PI cross-sections of ROO˙, ˙OOQOOH, and KHP into each DI channel directly from experiment. The PI cross-sections in turn enable the quantification of ROO˙, ˙OOQOOH, and KHP from DEE oxidation over a range of experimental conditions that reveal the effects of pressure, O2 concentration, and temperature on the competition among radical decomposition and second O2 addition pathways.
Association of bovine leukemia virus and Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis with shedding of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)

Cattle are a reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), which is an important cause of foodborne illness and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in children. Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes enzootic bovine leukosis. Most animals infected with BLV never develop clinical signs, but 30% of BLV carriers will develop a persistent lymphocytosis, and< 5% will develop malignant lymphosarcoma. Johnes' disease (JD) is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP), and cattle generally become infected with MAP at a very early age ( < 30 days old), although clinical disease does not typically manifest itself until 3-5 years of age. Recent studies have estimated the herd prevalence of BLV and JD in Michigan dairy herds to be approximately 85% and 50%, respectively. Both diseases are chronic in nature and can have a negative impact on the health and productivity of cattle from both clinical and subclinical effects. Because of their chronic and potentially debilitating nature, secondary health issues are often associated with BLV and JD. Our hypothesis was that cattle infected with BLV and JD were more likely to shed STEC than were uninfected cattle. Our rationale for this hypothesis was that BLV affects the immune system of cattle, which might favor the colonization and shedding of STEC. In the case of JD, the alteration of normal intestinal function and structure could potentially favor the colonization and shedding of STEC in infected cattle. Our objective was to determine whether cattle that test positive for JD and BLV could be a potential target population for the implementation of control strategies to reduce STEC contamination in the human food chain.
Quadriceps Tendon Repair Using Double-Row Suture Anchor Fixation.

Abstract Quadriceps tendon ruptures compromise the knee extensor mechanism and cause an inability to ambulate and significant functional limitations. Therefore, the vast majority of quadriceps tendon ruptures are indicated for operative intervention to restore patient mobility and function. Although these injuries were traditionally repaired using a transosseous repair technique, recent literature has shown that suture anchor repair may offer biomechanical advantages. Additionally, research in other areas of orthopaedics has found that a double-row suture anchor construct can offer additional biomechanical strength to tendinous repair. This technical note describes a safe and effective quadriceps tendon repair using a double-row suture anchor construct.
Self-perception of tremor and dyskinesia (P5.283)

Objective: to determine whether patients with tremors or L-Dopa dyskinesias perceived their movement differently when estimating their severity during 3 conditions: 1) seated without a mirror to regard themselves, 2) with a full length mirror, and 3) reviewing a video of themselves taken while regarding themselves in the mirror. Background: patients with choreiform disorders often underestimate the severity of their movements; this is sometimes true for patients with tremor encountered in clinical practice. Methods: Non-demented subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD) or Essential Tremor (ET) were recruited and asked to rate the severity of their movements in face, arms, legs, trunk and a global severity rating as absent, mild, moderate or severe. Results: 30 subjects with PD (12 female), and 2 subjects with ET (2 female) were recruited. MMSE was greater than 26 in all cases. Global ratings in all assessment conditions correlated significantly. Correlations in severity scores for individual body regions were also significant, except for face and arms regarded with mirror versus without a mirror or on video. Conclusion: These results contradict our hypothesis that involuntary movements would be perceived as more severe when viewed on video, when the movements would not be synchronous with the body’s movements. We suspect this reflects a problem with the power of the study. It may also be that the discrepancy often noted in the office reflects a rare but notable event, rather than the perception of the majority of cases. Disclosure: Dr. Akbar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dousa has nothing to disclose. Dr. Abrantes has nothing to disclose. Dr. Friedman has received personal compensation for activities with Teva, General Electric, UCB Pharma, Addex Therapeutics, Roche, and Lundbeck Research USA, Inc. as a consultant and/or speaker.
New mobility ratio definition for estimating volumetric sweep efficiency of low salinity water injection

Abstract This paper investigates the effect of low salinity water injection (LSWI) on both oil displacement and volumetric sweep efficiencies. A new definition of mobility ratio is proposed and shown to correlate with volumetric sweep efficiency better than other definitions in the literature. A quarter 5-spot field model was created by upscaling recently published coreflood experiments. Simulations were performed using the Empirical LSWI Model implemented in the UTCHEM simulator. Results showed an improved estimation of volumetric sweep efficiency with the proposed mobility ratio definition, which applies in the tertiary mode and physically makes more sense compared to other definitions in the literature.
The Linguistic Realization of the Situation Types

In this Chapter I discuss the linguistic realization of the situation types. I begin with the grammatical properties that are associated with the sentences of each situation type. These properties are the key to investigating and demonstrating the situation type of a sentence. I then turn to the internal structure of sentences belonging to each situation type. I discuss the basic-level verb constellations, and then consider their appearance in sentences of shifted situation types. Such shifts are peculiar to the aspectual sub-system of language. The notion of basic-level situation type is crucial to understanding the possibilities.
Measurement and Evaluation of Task-Related Learning Behaviors: Attention to Task and Metacognition.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss assessment and intervention planning and monitoring for attention to task and metacognition, two areas often associated with academic performance. First, the...
Chemical Mediation of Prey Recognition by Spider‐Hunting Wasps

Predator–prey interactions are important in maintaining the structure and dynamics of ecological communities. Both predators and prey use cues from a range of sensory modalities to detect and assess one another; identification of these cues is necessary to understand how selection operates to shape predator–prey interactions. Mud-dauber wasps (Sphecidae) provision their larval nests with paralyzed spiders, and different genera of wasps specialize on particular spider taxa. Sceliphron caementarium (Drury 1773) wasps preferentially capture spiders that build two-dimensional (2D) webs, rather than those that construct three-dimensional (3D) webs, but the basis of this preference is not clear. Wasps may choose spiders based on an assessment of their web architecture, as 3D webs may provide better defenses against wasp predation than do 2D webs. However, because many hymenopterans use chemical cues to locate and recognize prey, it is also possible that mud-dauber wasps rely on chemical cues associated with the spider and/or the web to assess prey suitability. When we offered foraging S. caementarium wasps 2D and 3D spiders both on and off their webs, we found that in both cases the wasps took 2D spiders and avoided 3D spiders, demonstrating that the web itself is not the impediment. Results of a series of behavioral choice assays involving filter paper discs containing spider cues and chemically manipulated spiders or spider dummies corroborated the importance of spider chemical cues in mediation of prey recognition by mud-dauber wasps. We also discuss the relative importance of visual and chemical cues for prey recognition by wasps, examine the anti-predator behaviors of 2D and 3D spiders, and consider the role of wasp predation in spider diversification.
Protein method for investigating mercuric reductase gene expression in aquatic environments.

A colorimetric assay for NADPH-dependent, mercuric ion-specific oxidoreductase activity was developed to facilitate the investigation of mercuric reductase gene expression in polluted aquatic ecosystems. Protein molecules extracted directly from unseeded freshwater and samples seeded with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PU21(Rip64) were quantitatively assayed for mercuric reductase activity in microtiter plates by stoichiometric coupling of mercuric ion reduction to a colorimetric redox chain through NADPH oxidation. Residual NADPH was determined by titration with phenazine methosulfate-catalyzed reduction of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium to produce visible formazan. Spectrophotometric determination of formazan concentration showed a positive correlation with the amount of NADPH remaining in the reaction mixture (r 2 5 0.99). Mercuric reductase activity in the protein extracts was inversely related to the amount of NADPH remaining and to the amount of formazan produced. A qualitative nitrocellulose membrane-based version of the method was also developed, where regions of mercuric reductase activity remained colorless against a stained-membrane background. The assay detected induced mercuric reductase activity from 10 2 CFU, and up to threefold signal intensity was detected in seeded freshwater samples amended with mercury compared to that in mercury-free samples. The efficiency of extraction of bacterial proteins from the freshwater samples was (97 6 2)% over the range of population densities investigated (10 2 to 10 8 CFU/ml). The method was validated by detection of enzyme activity in protein extracts of water samples from a polluted site harboring naturally occurring mercuryresistant bacteria. The new method is proposed as a supplement to the repertoire of molecular techniques available for assessing specific gene expression in heterogeneous microbial communities impacted by mercury pollution. Mercuric reductase (reduced NADP:mercuric ion oxidoreductase) is a flavoprotein that catalyzes the reduction of Hg 21 to metallic Hg 0 in the presence of NADPH. The high vapor pressure of elemental mercury results in the volatiliza
On-Demand quality-oriented assistance in component-based software evolution

During an architectural evolution of a component-based software, certain quality attributes may be weakened. This is due to the lack of an explicit definition of the links between these non-functional characteristics and the architectural decisions implementing them. In this paper, we present a solution that aims at assisting the software maintainer during an evolution activity on his demand. It requires the definition of a documentation during development, organized in the form of bindings between formal descriptions of architectural decisions and their targeted quality attributes. Through an assistance algorithm, the approach uses this documentation in order to notify the maintainer of the possible effects of architectural changes on quality requirements. We also present a prototype tool which automates our proposals. This tool and the overall approach has been experienced on a real-world software in order to validate them.
Purification of 131I-Iodipamide (Radiocholografin) by Paper and Gel Filtration Chromatography

Summary Multiple labeled impurities were demonstrated in six lots of Radiocholografin by a paper chromatographic method. The major impurity, confirmed by chromatography on Sephadex G-10 gel, was unbound, inorganic 131 I-iodide, which comprised 4 to 31% of the total radioactivity in various lots. It was shown that this labeled iodide appeared principally during autoclaving of the partially purified product, whereas the other labeled impurities developed primarily during the radioiodination process itself. Little further deterioration occurred during prolonged storage of the product in our laboratory. Purification of Radiocholografin by chromatography on paper and on Sephadex G-10 gel is described.
Epigenetic stability in the adult mouse cortex under conditions of pharmacologically induced histone acetylation

Histone acetylation is considered a major epigenetic process that affects brain development and synaptic plasticity, as well as learning and memory. The transcriptional effectors and morphological changes responsible for plasticity as a result of long-term modifications to histone acetylation are not fully understood. To this end, we pharmacologically inhibited histone deacetylation using Trichostatin A in adult (6-month-old) mice and found significant increases in the levels of the acetylated histone marks H3Lys9, H3Lys14 and H4Lys12. High-resolution transcriptome analysis of diverse brain regions uncovered few differences in gene expression between treated and control animals, none of which were plasticity related. Instead, after increased histone acetylation, we detected a large number of novel transcriptionally active regions, which correspond to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). We also surprisingly found no significant changes in dendritic spine plasticity in layers 1 and 2/3 of the visual cortex using long-term in vivo two-photon imaging. Our results indicate that chronic pharmacologically induced histone acetylation can be decoupled from gene expression and instead, may potentially exert a post-transcriptional effect through the differential production of lncRNAs.
Learning backchannel prediction model from parasocial consensus sampling: a subjective evaluation

Backchannel feedback is an important kind of nonverbal feedback within face-to-face interaction that signals a person's interest, attention and willingness to keep listening. Learning to predict when to give such feedback is one of the keys to creating natural and realistic virtual humans. Prediction models are traditionally learned from large corpora of annotated face-to-face interactions, but this approach has several limitations. Previously, we proposed a novel data collection method, Parasocial Consensus Sampling, which addresses these limitations. In this paper, we show that data collected in this manner can produce effective learned models. A subjective evaluation shows that the virtual human driven by the resulting probabilistic model significantly outperforms a previously published rule-based agent in terms of rapport, perceived accuracy and naturalness, and it is even better than the virtual human driven by real listeners' behavior in some cases.
The Founding Fathers and the French Language.

N AMUSING STORY is told of an experience James Madison had while a student at Princeton. As the only "French scholar" easily available, he was once called upon to act as interpreter for a Frenchman who had come to the college. According to the anecdote, Madison, "listening with all his might, was able to catch a few words . . . a glimmering" of what the "forlorn, wayworn" Frenchman was saying. Even more frustrated, Madison could not make himself understood. "I might as well have been talking Kickapoo at himl"' In 1776 the Continental Congress sent one of its members, Silas Deane, to France to seek crucial aid for the American colo-
Smallpox 2002 – Silent Weapon

Abstract Mediawatch: Bernard Dixon reviews a television programme charting possible consequences of the terrorist use of smallpox.
Limitations and Accuracy of CAD Simulators for Discontinuity Models on GaAs Substrates

This paper presents the results of a study to establish the limitations and accuracy of commercially available CAD simulators for microstrip discontinuities, commonly referred to as the corner, step, tee and cross [l]. Measured S-parameters of these discontinuities fabricated on a 100 micron GaAs substrate are compared against results from TOUCHSTONE, SUPER COMPACT, EMsim and SONNET simulators. Results presented indicate that none of the currently available CAD simulators, used in this study, are capable of predicting microstrip discontinuities performance with sufficient accuracy to permit first time design success in MMIC technology.
Age-Dependent Pathogenicity of Group B Coxsackieviruses in Swiss-Webster Mice: Infectivity for Myocardium and Pancreas

Coxsackieviruses B1-B4 were inoculated intraperitoneally into 48-hr-old, 14-day-old, and three- to five-month-old Swiss-Webster mice. Immediate death occurred only among mice <48 hr old, which died from fulminant encephalitis. Older mice usually survived. Myocarditis ensued in mice <48 hr old that were infected with coxsackieviruses B1 and B4. Several of the surviving mice developed left ventricular aneurysms, which resulted from transmural necrotizing myocarditis. In this group (coxsackieviruses BI and B4), pathologic changes in the heart were synchronous with maximal cardiac titers of virus. Fourteen-day-old mice infected with coxsackieviruses B2 and B3 developed nontransmural necrotizing myocarditis in which maximal pathologic changes followed peak cardiac titers of virus by several days, whereas three- to five-month-old mice infected with coxsackieviruses B1, B2, B3, or B4 showed maximal susceptibility to destructive lesions in the exocrine glandular pancreas. Therefore, specific susceptibilities to infection with coxsackieviruses group B vary with age of the mouse, virus type (and strain), and organ.
New Southern Neighbors: Latino immigration and prospects for intergroup relations between African-Americans and Latinos in the South

The 1990s witnessed unprecedented Latino immigration in the Deep South. Some researchers developed a “new destinations” perspective to characterize this migration. Historical research, however, indicates that some Mexican migrants arrived in some areas of the Deep South decades earlier and worked in African American labor environments. Other Latinos also established an early presence in the South. The impact of Latino immigration on relations between African Americans and Latinos in the South has evolved through two phases divided by the emergence of large-scale Latino immigration in the early 1990s. National, state and local policies enacted since the mid-1990s have restricted many Latino immigrants in the South, limiting their ability to develop intergroup relations in the region. Cultural origin and social class differences among the Latino population in the South also affect the development of Latino relations with African Americans. Yet, restrictions against Latino immigrants may promote solidarity with African Americans.
On the Cutting Edge: Teaching Help for Geoscience Faculty

In contrast to science, which makes progress at the level of the community and where individual work builds on all that has come before, teaching science has often been an individual enterprise. Typically, faculty create courses in isolation, without the benefit of knowledge of others' classroom experiences or research on how students learn ( 1 , 2 ). Building a culture of sharing and communal improvement in support of undergraduate geoscience teaching is the goal of the On the Cutting Edge professional development program.
Undergraduate adjustment to college, drinking behavior, and fraternity membership.

This study examined the relationship between adjustment to college as measured by Baker and Siryk's 1986 Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire, drinking patterns, and various aspects of student life (e.g., fraternity or sorority membership). A total of 114 students participated. Pearson product-moment correlations indicated several significant relationships.
Surface-catalyzed production of nitrous oxide from the reaction of N atoms and O2 on platinum

Abstract The surface-catalyzed reaction of gas-phase N atoms with chemisorbed oxygen on Pt gives N2O in high yield. N2O is an uncommon product of surface reactions. The results suggest that it is produced via an adsorbed NO intermediate.
Binder free porous ultrafine/nano structured LiCoO2 cathode from plasma deposited cobalt

Abstract Increasing global demand for rechargeable lithium (Li) ion batteries has been driving the research on innovative processing techniques and material systems for cheaper production of battery electrodes. While cost reduction is important, obtaining desired microstructures in the active electrode material is also very critical for efficient performance of the batteries. Conventional processing of bulk scale Li-ion battery electrodes involves time consuming and multi-step processes starting from the production of active powder materials, blending with conductive additives and binders to develop the electrode material coating on a current collector. On the other hand, thin film battery technologies employ expensive vapor based or sputtering or laser ablation techniques to develop the electrodes. In this study, an innovative, rapid and a two step scalable manufacturing process has been developed. While capable of developing porous and ultrafine/nano structured oxide based LiCoO 2 cathode material directly on a charge collector from metallic Cobalt (Co) coatings, the process does not require polymeric binders. Following this approach, LiCoO 2 cathodes were synthesized directly on a stainless steel charge collector from plasma sprayed Co coatings via thermal treatments using aqueous LiNO 3 solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed presence of LiCoO 2 hexagonal phase. Microstructural and phase analysis showed porous active material with ultrafine/nano structural features along with imperfections (e.g., dislocations). Electrochemical characterization illustrated an average voltage around 3.9 V with a specific discharge capacity around 70–85% of the nominal capacity (∼138 mAh/g) against Li counter electrode. However, process optimization in terms of plasma spray coatings and thermal treatments, and addition of carbon may enhance the performance of LiCoO 2 electrodes. Absence of polymeric binders makes these electrodes suitable for high temperature battery applications.
Expression of Cardiolipin Biosynthesis and Remodeling Enzymes in Adult Heart Failure

Purpose Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique phospholipid that is an essential component of the inner-mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and is critical to normal energy metabolism. In the heart, CL exists predominantly in the tetralinoleic form, (18:2) 4CL, which has the greatest affinity for the IMM and protection against cellular apoptosis. Biosynthesis of CL occurs by means of a five-step enzymatic pathway. Tetralinoleic CL is formed by the remodeling of existing CL. Total CL content is lower in ventricular tissue from adult humans with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC). Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine which mitochondrial CL biosynthetic and linoleic remodeling enzyme levels are dysregulated in adult IDC. Methods and Materials mRNA was isolated from failing adult left ventricle (LV) of patients with IDC obtained at the time of transplant (n=27; mean age = 51±14) and non-failing control LV from donor hearts not implanted for technical reasons (n=15, mean age = 43±8). RT-PCR was employed to measure gene expression of CL biosynthesis and (18:2) 4CL remodeling enzymes. Results In the biosynthesis pathway we found 37% lower CDP diacylglycerol synthase 2 and 35% lower phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase (both P Conclusions These results demonstrate that biosynthetic and remodeling CL abnormalities are present in the IDC adult failing heart and may contribute to mitochondrial CL abnormalities in heart failure. Future investigations will compare enzymatic dysregulation between these adult groups with pediatric IDC samples for potential age-related patterns in dysregulation. Ultimately, we hope to elucidate mechanisms of CL dysregulation and targets for pharmacological therapy.
Linked raters' judgments: Combating problems of statistical conclusion validity

The traditional procedure for obtaining judged rat ings, to ascertain if treatment-related change has oc curred, involves the randomization of the materials to be rated. An alternative approach (linked judgments) is investigated as a potential solution to certain instru mentation-related threats to statistical conclusion valid ity of the incumbent rating procedure. Data from a weight reduction study are presented which suggest that linked raters' judgments provide both a more powerful and a more valid index of treatment effec tiveness than the traditional procedure.
Analysis of Promethazine Hydrochloride in Syrups

An improved method for the determination of promethazine hydrochloride in official syrups is presented. Column chromatography has been used to separate the active ingredient from those of its degradation products that interfere with the present official analysis. Determination and identification are by ultraviolet and infrared spectrophotometry, respectively. The procedure is rapid and accurate. One of the major breakdown products of promethazine hydrochloride in aqueous solution is identified.
Photoluminescence from E band centers in amorphous and crystalline SiO2

Abstract Photoluminescence (PL) originating from intrinsic defects in neutron-irradiated crystalline (x-) SiO 2 is observed and compared with that from amorphous (a-) SiO 2 . The PL and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra of x-SiO 2 are qualitatively similar to those of a-SiO 2 . This suggests that PL centers, similar to those found in amorphous systems, are present in ordered systems. In addition, the PL and PLE spectra a-SiO 2 and a-As 2 S 3 scale with energy band gap, suggesting that the radiative processes in a-SiO 2 and semiconducting chalcogenide glasses are alike. The similarity of the PL from x-SiO 2 to that from a-SiO 2 and the scaling of the PL from a-SiO 2 and a-As 2 S 3 with energy band gap strongly suggest that PL centers are unique bonding configurations which primarily depend on the chemistry of the system rather than on the degree of long range order.
A transcriptome-based examination of blood group expression

Over the last two decades, red cell biologists witnessed a vast expansion of genetic-based information pertaining to blood group antigens and their carrier molecules. Genetic progress has led to a better comprehension of the associated antigens. To assist with studies concerning the integrated regulation and function of blood groups, transcript levels for each of the 36 associated genes were studied. Profiles using mRNA from directly sampled reticulocytes and cultured primary erythroblasts are summarized in this report. Transcriptome profiles suggest a highly regulated pattern of blood group gene expression during erythroid differentiation and ontogeny. Approximately one-third of the blood group carrier genes are transcribed in an erythroid-specific fashion. Low-level and indistinct expression was noted for most of the carbohydrate-associated genes. Methods are now being developed to further explore and manipulate expression of the blood group genes at all stages of human erythropoiesis.
The Roy Adaptation Model Used As a Guide for the Nursing Care of an 8-Year-Old Child With Leukemia:

Roy's Adaptation Model provides a framework for holistic oncology nursing practice. In this article, an overview of Roy's model is provided. It is used to assess the behaviors and stimuli influencing the behaviors of an 8-year-old boy with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Planning and evaluating the nursing care of this child is based on the model. A comprehensive list of nursing diagnoses is categorized according to Roy's four adaptive modes, and a nursing care plan for two of these diagnoses is presented.