cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Formation and expression of filial attachment in rhesus monkeys raised with living and inanimate mother substitutes

The formation and expression of filial attachment was investigated in rhesus monkeys raised with dogs or inanimate mother substitutes in a longitudinal study spanning the first 4 years of life. At 2 months monkeys were identified within each rearing group as strongly attached or weakly attached, as measured by proximity, contact and clinging to the mother substitute in the living cage and in a novel room, and by differences in levels of distress vocalization and heart rate when they were alone and in the presence of the substitute mother in a novel room. By 4 months, all monkeys were attached, and the strongly attached and weakly attached monkeys of the first age-period were no longer distinguishable on any measure. The attachment was specific to the substitute mother. It was not exclusive, however, inasmuch as similar responses were elicited by a stranger of the same type as the substitute mother, although the stranger was less effective. The attachment figure was also influential when it could be seen but not touched. Evidence of attachment to the substitute mothers persisted until the end of testing at 44 months. Comparison of rearing groups support the hypothesis that the principal effect of living and inanimate mother substitutes is on responsiveness, rather than on the attachment process per se.
Cation and phosphate influences on the nodulating characteristics of indigenous serogroups of Rhizobium trifolii on soil grown Trifolium subterraneum L.

Abstract The growth and nodulation responses of subclover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) cultivar Mt Barker to different sources of phosphate [Ca(H2PO4)2, Mg(H2PO4)2 and KH2PO4] were evaluated in an acidic soil (pH 4.7 in 10 m m CaCl2), low in extractable P (1–5 mg P kg− soil), in which two identifiable serogroups, 6 and 36, of Rhizobium trifolii were known to be indigenous. All P sources significantly increased (P = 0.01) shoot dry weight of the plants. Although the P treatments had no influence on nodule number, or nodule mass, KH2PO4 increased significantly (P = 0.05) the proportion of nodules occupied by serogroup 6, whereas the other two P sources had no effect. Nodule occupants of serogroup 36 were found mostly (87–97%) in bacteroid form regardless of treatment. No soil treatment resulted in the proportion of bacteroid dominated nodules of serogroup 6 reaching the levels achieved by serogroup 36. The morphology of serogroup 6 nodule occupants was influenced markedly by soil treatment. In all P sources the proportions of nodules occupied by serogroup 6 predominantly in bacteroid form were marginally in the majority (57–68%). In contrast, KCl was the only non-phosphate treatment where the proportion of nodules dominated by bacteroid forms of serogroup 6 was in the majority (77%). Immunofluorescence counts showed that the soil population of serogroup 36 outnumbered that of serogroup 6 by 4–11-fold either before planting, or at harvest and regardless of treatment or outcome of nodulation. Differences between the proportions of the soil populations of the two serogroups retained on, or passing through 0.4 μm pore size polycarbonate membrane filters were observed. Larger proportions of the preplant ( x = 48.9% ) or post-harvest ( x = 39.6% ) populations of serogroup 36 than of serogroup 6 ( x = 14.1 and 21.9%) passed through 0.4 μm pore size filters and were subsequently retained on 0.2 μm pore size filters. The ratios of 36 to 6 retained on the 0.4 μm filters ranged from 1.9:1 to 4.8:1 compared with 12.1:1 to 48.3:1 for the 0.2 μm filter-retained cells.
Structural Manipulation of Microcone Arrays for Microsurgical Modification of Ophthalmic Tissues

The purpose of this study was to control the size and shape of fabricated glass microcone arrays for use in optical surgery instruments by varying the fiber drawing and etching methods. The spacing of the cones is controlled via the drawing process while the etching process controls the cone height-to-base ratio. The device viability was tested by imprinting, and subsequent staining, of low-density polyethylene and porcine corneas, resulting in a consistent patterned structure of micron-sized perforations. After imprint, the device was examined and no evidence of microcone fracture or over-penetration was present during the course of these experiments. This research promises to lead to advances in optical surgery for the treatment of recurrent corneal erosions, providing quicker, safer, and more cost-effective procedures with decreased risk of vision loss and scarring associated with current procedures such as anterior stromal puncture. The ease of procedure and micron sized incisions could potentially replace current techniques and provide a viable treatment alternative for recurrent corneal erosions in the visual axis.
Development and Validation of a Plasma Biomarker Panel for Discerning Clinical Significance of Indeterminate Pulmonary Nodules

Introduction: The recent findings of the National Lung Screening Trial showed 24.2% of individuals at high risk for lung cancer having one or more indeterminate nodules detected by low-dose computed tomography–based screening, 96.4% of which were eventually confirmed as false positives. These positive scans necessitate additional diagnostic procedures to establish a definitive diagnosis that adds cost and risk to the paradigm. A plasma test able to assign benign versus malignant pathology in high-risk patients would be an invaluable tool to complement low-dose computed tomography–based screening and promote its rapid implementation. Methods: We evaluated 17 biomarkers, previously shown to have value in detecting lung cancer, against a discovery cohort, comprising benign ( n = 67) cases and lung cancer ( n = 69) cases. A Random Forest method based analysis was used to identify the optimal biomarker panel for assigning disease status, which was then validated against a cohort from the Mayo Clinic, comprising patients with benign ( n = 61) or malignant ( n = 20) indeterminate lung nodules. Results: Our discovery efforts produced a seven-analyte plasma biomarker panel consisting of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-1ra, sIL-2Rα, stromal cell-derived factor-1α+β, tumor necrosis factor α, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 α. The sensitivity and specificity of our panel in our validation cohort is 95.0% and 23.3%, respectively. The validated negative predictive value of our panel was 93.8%. Conclusion: We developed a seven-analyte plasma biomarker panel able to identify benign nodules, otherwise deemed indeterminate, with a high degree of accuracy. This panel may have clinical utility in risk-stratifying screen-detected lung nodules, decrease unnecessary follow-up imaging or invasive procedures, and potentially avoid unnecessary morbidity, mortality, and health care costs.
The bipartite D. melanogaster twist promoter is reorganized in D. virilis

Abstract The pivotal role of twist in mesoderm determination in the Drosophila embryo depends upon two processes — the transcriptional activation of twist in the ventrally located mesodermal anlage and the regulation of downstream gene expression by the twist transcription factor. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, we have compared both the coding and regulatory regions of the twist genes from Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis. Within the coding region, the basic-helix-loop-helix DNA binding and dimerization motif is highly conserved, consistent with the functional importance of this domain. A comparison of the transcriptional regulatory regions reveals a high degree of conservation in the more distal of the two ventral activator regions that have been mapped in the twist 5′ flanking region. On the other hand, the more proximal ventral activator region is absent at the corresponding position in the D. virilis twist gene. Instead, there is a region in the second intron of the D. virilis gene that resembles the proximal element of the D. melanogaster gene, in that it consists of little more than a series of whole and half binding sites for the dorsal morphogen. In transformation experiments, the intronic D. virilis element directs an expression pattern that is indistinguishable from that directed by the D. melanogaster proximal VAR. Thus, the twi genes from these two species appear to have evolved enhancer elements with very similar structural and functional properties. These findings suggest that apparently redundant spatially regulated enhancer elements may each play essential roles in fine tuning the level and/or pattern of gene expression.
Mauna Loa volcano is not a methane source: Implications for Mars

[1] Thirteen years of continuous atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane measurements at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii are used to determine the methane emission rate from the summit of Mauna Loa volcano. We find no measurable methane emissions coming from the summit area, with a 95% confidence upper limit of 9 t CH4 yr−1. Recent studies have detected 10 ppb CH4 in the Martian atmosphere, requiring emissions of about 300 t CH4 yr−1. Volcanic activity has been suggested as a source of abiogenic CH4 on Mars, either by magmatic degassing or reactions in hydrothermal fluids heated by a magma intrusion. The most recent lava flows on Mars (2 My ago) are on the Tharsis shield volcanoes, which may still be active. If Mauna Loa is a valid terrestrial analog, our findings suggest that volcanic activity is not a significant source of methane to the Martian atmosphere.
Mobile local search via P2P databases

We examine the problem of mobile local search via P2P databases. We argue that P2P databases can lead to a new form of mass communication that may revolutionize local search. We introduce our approach, MOBI-DIK, which is a platform-independent search engine based on mobile P2P databases.
A study of the effect of iron island morphology and interface oxidation on the magnetic hysteresis of Fe-MgO (001) thin film composites

Fe-MgO tunnel junctions have received much attention for their use in hard drive read heads and other spintronic applications. The system is particularly interesting because of its magnetoresistive behavior and the abundance and low cost of its constituent elements. However, many questions remain about how the structure and chemistry of the Fe-MgO interface mediates magnetic behavior. In this study, we report on transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and magnetic characterization of Fe-MgO composite films with various morphologies. We explore relationships between film morphology, intermixing, and the resulting effects on magnetic structure. We find the presence of oxidation at the Fe-MgO interface, with a detrimental impact on the saturation magnetization of the composite. We also observe changes in coercivity and magnetocrystalline anisotropy with film morphology and thickness. These results will inform the design of MgO-based tunnel junctions and improve our understanding ...
Light availability and soil source influence ectomycorrhizal fungal communities on oak seedlings grown in oak- and hemlock-associated soils.

Forests exhibit spatial heterogeneity in plant composition and light, which may influence ectomycorrhizal fungal (ECM) communities. We investigated whether light and soil source affect ECM colonization and community properties on red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings. Seedlings were grown under 10%, 45%, and full sunlight in soils removed beneath red oak and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) trees. Between soils, colonization and diversity were signifi- cantly greater in intermediate-high versus low light. Across light levels, colonization, richness, and diversity were greater on seedlings grown in oak versus hemlock soils. The frequency of seedlings colonized by three of the four most common morphotypes was more responsive to light in oak versus hemlock soil. Colonization differences between soil sources were associated with differences in richness, which may in turn reflect host specificity and fine root length differences. Increas- ing colonization with increasing light was associated with increased richness, which in turn may reflect increased carbon allocation to roots. Results suggest that differences in responses of individual ECM morphotypes coupled with host re- sponses to light and soil source may influence ECM colonization and diversity. Changes in ECM colonization and diver- sity could in turn affect seedling recruitment, especially for seedlings encountering variable light regimes and host species.
Group Embedded Figures Test: psychometric data for a sample of accountants compared with student norms

Summary.-The study examined the performance of 124 practicing accountants on the Group Embedded Figures Test. Descriptive statistics and reliability measures for the sample of accountants were compared to previously published norms for samples of students. The accountants were significantly less field independent than rwo of the three samples of business students. Sex differences noted previously for liberal arts students were not observed for the
The Applied and Workforce Baccalaureate at South Texas College: Specialized Workforce Development Addressing Economic Development

This chapter describes the impact of two workforce baccalaureates of applied technology degrees of South Texas College on higher education access for predominately Hispanic students. The addition of the workforce baccalaureates serves as an example of how such degrees increase participation rates for minority students.
Advances in Ni(0)-Catalyzed Coupling for the Synthesis of Polythiophenes and Polyphenylenes

The effects of solvent and monomer structure on the Ni(0)-catalyzed polymerization of 2,5-dichloro-3-(2‘-thiophenecarbonyl)thiophene, 3-benzenesulfonyl-2,5-dichlorothiophene, 2,5-dichlorobenzophenone, and 2-benzenesulfonyl-1,4-dichlorobenzene were explored. Poly[3-(2‘-thiophenecarbonyl)-2,5-thiophene] with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.38 dL/g and a 10% weight loss temperature in nitrogen of 480 °C (Tg = 149 °C) was synthesized. Oligomeric material was prepared from 3-benzenesulfonyl-2,5-dichlorothiophene. Poly(2,5-benzophenone) of 58 × 103 g/mol ([η] = 1.15 dL/g) with a Tg of 180 °C and a 10% weight loss temperature in nitrogen of 576 °C was synthesized. Oligomeric materials were also obtained from the polymerization of 2-benzenesulfonyl-1,4-dichlorobenzene. It was shown that the solvent choice has drastic effects upon the catalyst system and the final polymer. The differences in the catalyst resulting from solvent choice were explored by nuclear magnetic resonance. Effects arising from the structure of th...
Effects of cyclic stretch on three-dimensional vascular smooth muscle cell rings

Vascular grafts are used to repair, replace, or bypass diseased arteries, and there is a growing need for tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) as replacement grafts. However, TEBV utility is often limited by underdeveloped mechanical integrity. Thus, the purpose of this research was to design, manufacture, and validate a cyclic circumferential stretch bioreactor to mechanically stimulate engineered vascular tissue and improve tensile strength. The bioreactor consists of a closed cam-syringe-tubing system that forces fluid into the tubing with each rotation of the cam, thereby distending and relaxing the tubing. Various-sized cams were fabricated to vary the stretch magnitude. Self-assembled human SMC rings were cultured for six days and then placed on the tubing in the bioreactor. Circumferential stretch applied to both the tubing and SMC tissue ring wall were measured using a high speed camera and speckle tracking program. We observed a 31–56% decrease in peak strain values between the tubing and the tissue ring regions; this variation may reflect differences in wall thickness and modulus in the tissue rings. To assess the effects of cyclic distension, 7-day-old SMC rings were cultured dynamically for 7 days and exposed to 0, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, or 15% cyclic stretch (1 Hz). Stretched rings exhibited a reduction in UTS and MTM compared to unstretched control samples.
Functional Organization of Color Domains in V1 and V2 of Macaque Monkey Revealed by Optical Imaging

Areas V1 and V2 of Macaque monkey visual cortex are characterized by unique cytochrome-oxidase (CO)-staining patterns. Initial electrophysiological studies associated CO blobs in V1 with processing of surface properties such as color and brightness and the interblobs with contour information processing. However, many subsequent studies showed controversial results, some supporting this proposal and others failing to find significant functional differences between blobs and interblobs. In this study, we have used optical imaging to map color-selective responses in V1 and V2. In V1, we find striking "blob-like" patterns of color response. Fine alignment of optical maps and CO-stained tissue revealed that color domains in V1 strongly associate with CO blobs. We also find color domains in V1 align along centers of ocular dominance columns. Furthermore, color blobs in V1 have low orientation selectivity and do not overlap with centers of orientation domains. In V2, color domains coincide with thin stripes; orientation-selective domains coincide with thick and pale stripes. We conclude that color and orientation-selective responses are preferentially located in distinct CO compartments in V1 and V2. We propose that the term "blob" encompasses both the concept of "CO blob" and "color domain" in V1.
Electron Spin Resonance Spectrum of Cu++ in Diamine Oxidase

THE electron spin resonance spectrum of hog kidney diamine oxidase (DO) has been measured. DO is a cupric enzyme and is similar in properties to histaminase and monoamine oxidase (MO). The electron spin resonance spectrum of the cupric ion in MO was reported by Yamada et al.1. They have shown that copper is the only ion of those tested (Cu++, Fe++, Fe+++, Co++, Ni++, Zn++) which was able to reactivate their MO. The work reported here is additional evidence that copper is associated in some manner with the activity of amine oxidases. This work indicates that Cu++ forms either a chelate binding one of the DO prosthetic groups (pyridoxal phosphate or flavin adenine dinucleotide) to the apoenzyme, or else a chelate which holds the DO in a configuration in which it is an active enzyme. Changing or breaking this chelate inactivates the enzyme.
High resolution on-line analysis of cardiac action potentials using a Motorola 68000 microcomputer

We have developed a microcomputer system for the instantaneous on-line analysis of cardiac action potentials (APs) based on a Motorola 68000 microprocessor and 50 kHz A/D converter. This system can accurately analyze APs from all parts of the heart, including the extremely fast upstrokes of APs from Purkinje fibers. Facilities for tabulation of results, production of hard-copy plots of APs, pooling of experimental data, and statistical analyses are available off-line. The routine use of this system in our laboratory has greatly increased the accuracy and throughput of these time-consuming experiments.
A Low Power Logic-Compatible Multi-Bit Memory Bit Cell Architecture With Differential Pair and Current Stop Constructs

The architecture in this work uses a logic-compatible CMOS process particularly suitable for embedded applications. The differential pair construct causes the read and refresh power to be independent of any process parameter including the within-die threshold voltage. The current stop feature keeps the read voltage transition low to further minimize read power. The bit cell operates in both single bit BASE2 and multi-bit BASE4 modes. An expression for the read signal was verified with bit cell simulations. These simulations also compare the performance impact of threshold voltage variance in this architecture with a standard gain cell. A DRAM bit cell array was fabricated in the XFab 180 nm CMOS process. Measured waveforms closely match theoretical results obtained from a system simulation. The silicon retention time was measured at room temperature and is greater than 150 ms in BASE2 mode and greater than 75 ms in BASE4 mode. 180 nm, 25C analysis predicts 0.8 uW/Mbit refresh power at 630 MHz, the lowest in the literature. Further: the memory bit cell architecture presented here has a refresh power delay product several times lower than any other published architecture.
Distributed clustering using collective principal component analysis

This paper considers distributed clustering of high-dimensional heterogeneous data using a distributed principal component analysis (PCA) technique called the collective PCA. It presents the collective PCA technique, which can be used independent of the clustering application. It shows a way to integrate the Collective PCA with a given off-the-shelf clustering algorithm in order to develop a distributed clustering technique. It also presents experimental results using different test data sets including an application for web mining.
Kinetics of oxygen evolution and dissolution on platinum electrodes

Different pre-treatment of Pt electrodes, provided they are well anodized, does not affect the mechanism of the oxygen-electrode reaction. Due to the low exchange current density for the reaction, measurements at low (< 10−7 A/cm2) current densities are possible only if the solution is highly purified. Reproducible cathodic V/ln i curves can be obtained by fast measurements on pre-anodized electrodes. The instability with time of V/ln i curves at higher cathodic η is due to gradual reduction of the surface oxides. The reaction mechanism in acid solution includes the primary water discharge as the rate-controlling step. In alkaline solution, at low anodic η, a rate-controlling chemical step follows a fast OH− discharge. The same step is rate-controlling in O2 dissolution. At high anodic η, the mechanism changes and, for the same path, the primary discharge of OH− becomes the rate-controlling step. Phase oxides cover the electrode surface during O2 evolution. In dissolution, oxides already present reduce (at potentials < V (he)). Total oxygen coverage (and hence the average thickness of the oxides) increases linearly with applied potential both in acid and in alkaline solution. The same type of oxides forms in acids and in alkaline solution.
Extended homogeneity range of intermetallic phases in mechanically alloyed Mg–Al alloys

The structural evolution during mechanical alloying of blended elemental powder mixtures of Mg and Al has been investigated using X-ray diffraction methods. The results indicate that, in addition to achieving extended solid solubility limits, the intermetallic phases could be directly synthesized by mechanical alloying. The homogeneity range of the b (Mg2Al3) and g (Mg17Al12) phases could be extended to lower aluminum contents. # 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and short infusional 5-FU in advanced head and neck malignancies

Background: Combination of radical surgery and radiotherapy is the standard management of head and neck malignancies. But due to considerable morbidity of surgery and associated cosmetic and functional deficiencies, often aggravated by adjuvant radiotherapy, many patients prefer only radiotherapy with its' decreased chance of survival. Proper surgical facilities are also not accessible to most of our patients. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and loco-regional management by surgery and / or radiotherapy have emerged as a viable alternative. Aims: The purpose of this study is to find out the survival outcome as well as toxicity profile of Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and short infusional (3 hours) 5-FU followed by radiotherapy in advanced head and neck malignancies. Materials and Methods: From June 2002 to December 2003, seventy four patients with advanced head and neck malignancies were planned to be treated with Cisplatin (50 mg / sq. meter) on Days 1 and 2 and 5 - FU (600 mg / sq. meter) on Days 1, 2 and 3 by 3 hour infusion on Day care basis. On completion of four cycles of chemotherapy at 21 days interval, all patients were destined to receive 6000 cGy of radiotherapy to the loco - regional site. Results: At one year follow up on completion of therapy, 57% patients were alive and 31% patients were disease free. These 31% patients enjoyed a good quality of life in terms of cosmetic and functional deficits. Toxicities were moderate and easily manageable. Conclusion: The study indicated that neo-adjuvant chemotherapy with Cisplatin and short infusional 5 - FU may be delivered on day care basis and results are comparable with Cisplatin and 96 hours continuous infusional 5 - FU. Thus avoiding the continuous infusional 5 - FU, 7 to 10 days in-patient hospitalization during each cycle may be avoided which is a constrain in developing countries like us.
Depletion of the chloramine-T marker residue, para-toluenesulfonamide, from skin-on fillet tissue of hybrid striped bass, rainbow trout, and yellow perch

Abstract Waterborne exposure to n-sodium-n-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide (chloramine-T) is an effective treatment for controlling fish mortalities caused by bacterial gill disease (BGD). Currently, data are being generated to gain United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the use of chloramine-T in aquaculture. As part of the data required for an approval, depletion of the chloramine-T marker residue (para-toluenesulfonamide [p-TSA]) from the edible fillet tissue of exposed fish must be determined. Hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis×Morone chrysops; mean weight 357 g), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; mean weight 457 g), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens; mean weight 144 g) were exposed to 20 mg/l of chloramine-T for 60 min on 4 consecutive days (the most aggressive treatment expected for approved use in the United States). Groups of fish (n=15 or 19) were sampled immediately after the last treatment and periodically through 48 or 168 h after the treatment phase. Duplicate subsamples of skin-on fillet tissue from each fish were analyzed for p-TSA. Mean p-TSA concentrations in fillet tissue from fish sampled immediately after the last treatment were 142 ng/g (hybrid striped bass), 97 ng/g (rainbow trout), and 150 ng/g (yellow perch). Mean p-TSA concentrations at terminal sample times were 94 (168 h; hybrid striped bass), 74 (48 h; rainbow trout), and 35 ng/g (168 h; yellow perch). The half-lives of p-TSA in fillet tissue from fish near or at market size were 11.4 (hybrid striped bass), 4.3 (rainbow trout), and 3.2 days (yellow perch).
Finite-difference schemes having the correct linear stability properties for all finite step-sizes III

Abstract We construct a class of finite-difference schemes for two coupled first-order ordinary differential equations such that the difference equations have the correct linear stability properties for all finite values of the step-size. The differential equations considered are assumed to have only a single (real) fixed-point. A major consequence of such schemes is the absence of elementary numerical instabilities. Illustrations of such schemes are given for the Duffing and van der Pol equations.
An incremental adaptive implementation of functional-link processing for function approximation, time-series prediction, and system identification ☆

Abstract This paper presents an adaptive implementation of the functional-link neural network (FLNN) architecture together with a supervised learning algorithm that rapidly determines the weights of the network. The proposed algorithm is able to achieve ‘one-shot’ training as opposed to iterative training algorithms in the literature. Also discussed is a stepwise updating algorithm that updates the weights of the network while importing new observations. The proposed algorithms have also been tested on several data sets and the simulation shows a very promising result.
Thermal Emissivity Of Diathermanous Materials

Thermal (2.0 to 5.6 um) measurements of the normal emissivity EN of several diathermanous materials having slightly different refractive indices were made at 15.2 °C, 4.9 °C, and -5.6 °C. Calculations of the total hemispherical emissivity EH were made from EN and plotted against the optical depth PyaxX. A comparison of these data with a model proposed by R. Gardon [J. um. Ceram. Soc. 39(8), 278 (1956)] indicates that at near-ambient temperatures they agree very closely. This comparison presumes that the narrow range of refractive indices about n = 1.5 associated with these specimens would not preclude them from being treated as having a value of 1.5. It has been observed that EN > EH by 5% for both weakly and strongly absorbing materials. This is attributable to phase differences in the multiply reflected internal radiation attempting to exit the specimen throughout r steradians. Other radiation properties of the materials, i.e., diffuse transmittance TD, absorption coefficient Thx, and absorption index k, were calculated.
A compressive radar system with chaotic-based FM signals using the Bernoulli map

Matched filters are used in radar systems to identify echo signals embedded in noise. They allow us to extract range and Doppler information about the target from the reflected signal. In high frequency radars, matched filters make the system expensive and complex. For that reason, the radar research community is looking at techniques like compressive sensing or compressive sampling to eliminate the use of matched filters and high frequency analog-to-digital converters. In this work, compressive sensing is proposed as a method to increase the resolution and eliminate the use of matched filters in chaotic radars. Two basic scenarios are considered, one for stationary targets and one for non-stationary targets. For the stationary targets, the radar scene was a one dimensional vector, in which each element from the vector represents a target position. For the non-stationary targets, the radar scene was a two dimensional matrix, in which one direction of the matrix represents the target’s range, and the other direction represents the target’s velocity. Using optimization techniques, it was possible to recover both radar scenes from an under sampled echo signal. The reconstructed scenes were compared against a traditional matched filter system. In both cases, the matched filter was capable of recovering the radar scene. However, there was a considerable amount of artifacts introduced by the matched filter that made target identification a daunting task. On the other hand, using compressive sensing it was possible to recover both radar scenes perfectly, even when the echo signal was under sampled.
A Computer-Controlled Video Instrument for Wind-Tunnel Testing of Lifting Parachutes

Wind-tunnel tests of parachutes require that aerodynamic data be obtained simultaneously on both the forebody and the parachute. In particular, it is necessary to correlate the relative motion between the parachute and forebody to the loads exerted by the parachute on the forebody as a function of time during dynamic tests, disreefing, and for the full-open canopy. A computerized video instrumentation technique was developed to provide this correlation during a full-scale wind-tunnel test of a unique lifting parachute configuraton. The instrumentation consisted of a small, rugged TV camera, mounted on the forebody base, which tracked the positions of two lights attached to the inside of the parachute canopy. The positions of the lights were digitized by an on-line minicomputer and converted to yaw, pitch, and roll angles relative to the forebody. These data were obtained 30 times per second and stored on disk memory along with instantaneous values of the axial force and rolling moment exerted by the parachute on the forebody. The motion-force correlations made it possible to determine the yaw damping of the lifting parachute and provided information on the specific sources of rolling moments generated by the parachute. Test results indicate that this computer-controlled video instrumentation can be applied to free-flight tests, dynamic tests, and measurements of relative motion among multiple bodies.
Labeling Pattern of Translocated Stachyose in Squash

One mature blade of each squash plant was continuously labeled with 14CO2 for 15, 30, or 70 minutes in light. The ethanol soluble materials from serial sections of petioles were extracted and separated by paper chromatography. The ratios of label in the various components of this fraction were determined. Stachyose, which contained the major portion of the label of this fraction, was hydrolyzed and the resultant hydrolysate was separated by paper chromatography. Specific activities of the hexoses derived from stachyose were determined. It was found that the glucose and fructose moieties of stachyose became labeled at the same rates; however, the galactose moiety became labeled more rapidly.
Simulation of large scale networks II: development of an internet backbone topology for large-scale network simulations

A number of network simulators are now capable of simulating systems with millions of devices, at the IP packet level. With this ability comes a need for realistic network descriptions of commensurate size. This paper describes our effort to build a detailed model of the U.S. Internet backbone based on measurements taken from a variety of mapping sources and tools. We identify key attributes of a network design that are needed to use the model in a simulation, describe which components are available and which must be modeled, and discuss the pros and cons of this approach as compared to synthetic generation. As for attributes that we have to model, we also briefly discuss some measurement efforts that can potentially provide the missing pieces, and thus improve the fidelity of the model. Finally, we describe the resulting network model of the U.S. Internet backbone, which is being made publicly available.
Properties and strain hardening character of polyethylene terephthalate containing Isosorbide

Polyethylene terephthalate containing Isosorbide (PEIT) polymers made from renewable corn-derived Isosorbide monomer exhibit a wide range of glass transition temperatures (80–180°C) and are therefore able to be used in many applications. Stress–strain curves for high Isosorbide content copolymers show strain softening, which impairs the molecular orientation during orientation of films and bottles. It is therefore necessary to find ways to modify deformation behavior of PEIT copolymers. Deformation characteristics of PEIT and other polyesters have been evaluated to define stretching parameters and necessary composition for making oriented bottles for hot fill applications. In the presence of polymeric nucleating agents, (polymeric ionomers or polyesters containing sodium ions), strain-hardening parameters become almost temperature- independent below solid state deformation temperature of 125°C. We developed a methodology to achieve molecular orientation comparable with films and articles made by conventional processing of poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET. Polyesters containing sodium ions are efficient nucleating agents for PEIT, and their required concentration is dependent on deformation temperature. Both strain hardening and stress at 250% strain depend on the concentration of nucleating agents and deformation temperatures. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Chemosterilization of house flies fed certain ethylenimine derivatives.

Tepa, metepa, thiotepa, 1-methanesulfonylaziridine, 1,1'- sulfonylbisaziridine, N,N -diethyl-1-aziridinylacetamide, 1-trichloroacctylaziridine, 1-trichloromethanesulfenylaziridinc, and 1- (l'-aziridinylacetyl) -aziridine were tested to determine their chemosterilant activity and toxicity to house flies, Musca domestica L. The candidate chemosterilant was incorporated into an equal volume of condensed milk and water and fed daily to the flies. Oviposition was prevented by concentrations as low as 0.25% of thiotepa, 0.5% of tepa, 0.5% of metepa, and 0.125% of 1-methanesulfonylaziridine. Nonviable eggs were deposited by house flies exposed to lower concentrations of the chemicals: 0.0039% of thiotepa, 0.125% of metepa, 0.0625% of 1-methanesulfonylaziridine, and 0.25% of l.l'-sulfonylbisaziridine. Lower concentrations of these chemicals and all concentrations of 2vyV-diethyl-l-aziridinylacetamide, 1-trichloroacetylaziridine, 1-trichloromethanesulfenylaziridine, and 1- (l'-aziridinylacetyl) -aziridine reduced oviposition but the eggs hatched normally. All the compounds produced some mortality, but tepa, metepa, thiotepa, and 1-methanesulfonylaziridine were the most toxic to house flies.
Acceptance and relationship context: a model of substance use disorder treatment outcome

Aims This study presented and tested a model of behavior change in long-term substance use disorder recovery, the acceptance and relationship context (ARC) model. The model specifies that acceptance-based behavior and constructive social relationships lead to recovery, and that treatment programs with supportive, involved relationships facilitate the development of these factors. Design This study used a prospective longitudinal naturalistic design and controlled for baseline levels of study variables. Setting and participants The model was tested on a sample of 2549 patients in 15 residential substance use disorder treatment programs. Measurements Acceptance-based responding (ABR), social relationship quality (SRQ), treatment program alliance (TPA) and substance use-related impairment were assessed using interviews and self-report questionnaires. Findings TPA predicted ABR and SRQ and, in turn, ABR predicted better 2-year and 5-year treatment outcomes. The baseline-controlled model accounted for 41% of the variance in outcome at 2-year follow-up and 28% of the variance in outcome at 5-year follow-up. Conclusions Patients from treatment programs with an affiliative relationship network are more likely to respond adaptively to internal states associated previously with substance use, develop constructive social relationships and achieve long-term treatment benefits.
Perturbation theory and the few-nucleon system

Abstract Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation theory is used to study the three- and four-nucleon systems in which nucleons are assumed to interact via pairwise central Gaussian potentials with and without repulsive soft cores. The perturbational procedure is started off by replacing each effective nucleon-nucleon interaction by a harmonic oscillator, whose angular frequency is varied to achieve “maximum” convergence of the energy eigenvalue to third order. The efficiency and accuracy of this approach are shown by a direct comparison of our results and those obtained by variational methods in the evaluation of the binding energy, r.m.s. radius. Coulomb energy and form factor in the tri-nueleon and 4 He.
Experiment with stored 0.7-MeV ions: Observation of stability properties of a nonthermal plasma.

Large-orbit, nonthermal d/sup +/ migma plasma with P/sub theta/approx.0 and E/sub ion/ = 0.7 MeV was formed in the center of a simple mirror with densities n = 10/sup 9/--10/sup 10/ cm/sup -3/. Confinement time was 20--45 s. Flute, negative-mass, and ion-cyclotron instabilities, found in other mirrors at several orders-of-magnitude lower n, were not observed. An instability was suppressed by an electric field. Confinement parameters are E/sub i/n/sub c/tauapprox.10/sup 14/ keV cm/sup -3/ s, n/sub c/tauapprox.10/sup 11/ cm/sup -3/ s, luminosity approx.10/sup 29/ cm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/.
Mechanical Relaxation Anomalies in Mixed Alkali Oxides

Mechanical relaxation (MR) processes were investigated in single and mixed alkali (MA) metaphosphate glasses using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) over a range of frequencies, 0.1–50 Hz, and temperatures, 24–250°C. The mechanical loss modulus, M″, of each mixed, sodium and lithium, alkali glass exhibited two characteristic maxima, a large maximum just below Tg, and a well developed, yet considerably diminished in amplitude, maximum at a much lower temperature. The single alkali analogs, on the other hand, exhibited only a single maximum and this maximum appeared in the same location as the lower temperature peak observed in the MA glasses. The location of these maxima are identified with dynamic processes within the glass which occur with average frequencies, νμ(Na, Li), for the high T maximum in the mixed glasses, and νμ (Li) and νμ (Na) for the lithium and sodium glasses, respectively. These frequencies νμ(Na, Li), νμ (Li) and νμ (Na), varied exponentially with 1/T; νμ (Na, Li) had the largest activation energy. In addition νμ(Na, Li) ≪ νμ(Na) < νμ(Li) for T < Tg. Two other important observations were made, the high temperature maximum in M″ reached its largest amplitude when the mole fractions of Na2O and Li2O were comparable and νμ (Na, Li) exhibited a maximum in the same composition range. Our observations are discussed in light of a local site-memory relaxation model based on the notion that below Tg, cation hopping dynamics are intimately coupled with local glass network relaxations.
The convected description in large deformation frictional contact problems

Abstract The converted description is introduced for finite deformation frictional contact problems, such that both Coulomb and more general friction criteria can be conveniently and reliably numerically implemented in Lagrangian finite element calculations. The discussion includes careful definition of the convected frame from the standpoint of differential geometry, complete with physical interpretations of the frame and the associated slip and traction rate measures. As demonstrated, use of these measures enables prescription of frictional constitutive relationships with virtually no more complexity than is required by the kinematically linear theory, while ensuring the required frame indifference of the description. As a result, the work provides a sound mathematical and continuum mechanical foundation for future implementations of general friction laws in large deformation solid mechanics computing architectures.
Closure to “Drained Residual Shear Strength of Some Claystones from Front Range, Colorado” by Mandar M. Dewoolkar and Robert J. Huzjak

The authors have compared select published correlations relating the drained residual friction angle to the liquid limit LL , plasticity index PI , clay fraction CF , and effective normal stress and with the test data of claystones from Front Range, Colorado. Empirical correlation of shear strength with index properties of soil is very useful when soil samples and funds are not available for soil testing. Various correlations have been proposed so far for the r and index parameters, either the particle size or the Atterberg limits. The first correlation attempt was by Skempton 1964 relating r to CF, followed by a number of others, the best known probably being Lupini et al. 1981 , Mesri and CepedaDiaz 1986 , Collotta et al. 1989 , Stark and Eid 1994 , Wesley 2003 and Tiwari and Marui 2005 . The authors have produced correlation charts in Fig. 8, for an estimate of drained residual strength of similar material relating the r to effective normal stress range of 30 kPa to 960 kPa. It is clear that no general correlations are apparent since the spread is so wide. However, the authors have quoted that some trends are evident which is not justifiable. It is discusser’s opinion that the description of an important soil property such as the residual shear strength should be applicable to the complete stress range from zero to elevated pressures. To demonstrate that this is possible, the discusser has processed the data of shearing strength on all materials shown in Table 2 using the general expression proposed by Maksimovic 1988, 1989a,b,1993, 1995,1996 . The nonlinear failure envelope in terms of effective stress assuming zero cohesion, is described as:
Library Use of Web-based Research Guides

This paper describes the ways in which libraries are currently implementing and managing web-based research guides (a.k.a. Pathfinders, LibGuides, Subject Guides, etc.) by examining two sets of data from the spring of 2011. One set of data was compiled by visiting the websites of ninety-nine American university ARL libraries and recording the characteristics of each site’s research guides. The other set of data is based on an online survey of librarians about the ways in which their libraries implement and maintain research guides. In conclusion, a discussion follows that includes implications for the library technology community.
New patient-centered models of quality-of-life measures for evaluation of interventions for multi-stage diseases

This paper focuses on the development of quantitative dynamic models for measuring the total quality of life of patients with multi-stage diseases using disutility functions. The physician and the patient can jointly use these models to evaluate different medical interventions and make a decision on choosing the appropriate intervention for the patient. The non-homogeneous continuous-time Markov process model is first generalized for the process of the disease (e.g., change of stages in a cancer). The probability that a patient is in a particular stage at some point in time, and the expected time that the patient stays in that stage, are formulated using this stochastic model. A disutility function which is commonly used in economics is incorporated into the stochastic model to allow measurement of the patient's total experience with his/her illness and medical treatments as a function of time.
Housing Policy Under the Reagan Presidency: The Demise of an Iron-triangle

This paper analyzes the changing politics of housing policy during the Reagan administration. The analysis applies the concept of “subgovernments” to the housing coalition. The demise of the housing subgovemment is analyzed within a theoretical framework that includes “policy type” as an important explanatory variable. Specifically, this paper argues that as housing policy shifted from “distributive” to “redistributive” due to a curtailment of funding, the housing coalition came under pressure from external farces and ultimately fragmented into competing (rather than cohesive) interests. As a result, the U.S. commitment to housing provision was drastically reduced.
Local and Systemic Entrepreneurship: Solving the Puzzle of Entrepreneurship and Economic Development

Most economists agree that entrepreneurship has a positive effect on growth in developed countries. However, no evidence of this has been found in the case of developing countries. Rather, in many ...
ACCOUNTING MAGIC AND CORPORATE CONTROL: A DISCUSSION OF ESPELAND AND HIRSCH.

Abstract Espeland & Hirsch propose that accounting has helped legitimize the conglomerate form of incorporation and has played a dysfunctional role in markets of corporate control. This paper suggests that evidence compelling acceptance of the first proposition may be insufficient for demonstrating the validity of the second one; and that substantial contrary evidence exists. The challenge ahead is to reconcile these evidences and to sort out the several theories that potentially explain them.
Role of attention, memory, and covariation-detection processes in clinically significant eating-disorder symptoms

Abstract Cognitive theorists implicate a role for cognitive processing of shape- and weight-related information in the maintenance and potential etiology of eating disorders. The present study examines the role of women’s processing of information regarding other women’s body size and affect in eating disorder symptoms among young women. 253 female undergraduates completed attention, memory, and covariation-detection tasks that presented full-body photographs of young women, as well as an eating-disorder measure. High-Symptom women, relative to Medium- and Low-Symptom women, showed greater relative attention to body size than affect, better memory for body size and worse memory for affect, and enhanced sensitivity to the manipulated covariation between body size and affect. All participants perceived an illusory correlation between body size and affect. These findings suggest that cognitive theories may be extended usefully by considering processing of other-relevant and affective information, as well as the role of covariation-detection processes in eating disorders.