cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Urothelial carcinoma in bladder diverticula: outcomes after radical cystectomy

To characterize the clinical and pathologic staging of patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) in bladder diverticula (BD) after undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) and determine the impact of UCBD on recurrence and survival. We reviewed our institutional database of patients who underwent RC for UC (1971–2009). Outcomes were compared between patients with and without UCBD. Kaplan–Meier curves estimated recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Multivariable Cox regression evaluated associations between UCBD and survival. Inclusion criteria were met in 1991 patients. UCBD was seen in 77 (4 %) patients and occurred exclusively in men (mean age 68 ± 8.5 years). The highest pathologic stage tumor was found in the BD in 44 (57 %) of these patients. Pathologic upstaging was more common with UCBD compared with UC not in BD (48 vs. 39 %, p = 0.031). On univariate analysis, no differences in RFS or OS were observed comparing patients with or without UCBD stratified by clinically organ-confined (≤T2) and extravesical (>T2) disease. On multivariable analysis, the presence of UCBD was not associated with differences in RFS (HR 0.92, 95 % CI 0.59–1.42, p = 0.69) or OS (HR 0.98, 95 % CI 0.74–1.31, p = 0.92). Upstaging was common in patients with UCBD, observed in almost half of the patients. There were no differences in RFS or OS after RC when comparing patients with or without UC in a diverticulum stratified by stage.
Yoked comparisons of contingent and noncontingent US presentations in human eyelid conditioning

Thirty pairs of Ss were run in a yoking procedure in which an eyeblink by the contingent S resulted in contiguous presentation of the US to the pair of Ss. Although Ss in the contingent and noncontingent groups revealed similar probability functions they were inferior to a control group of 30 Ss run under a conventional classical conditioning procedure.
Bioassay of Algal Production in Chemically Altered WATERS1

A hioassy of water from Bear Lake, Idaho, demonstrated that, compared with a nutrient deficiency, the unique chemistry of the water was not a major factor limiting phytoplankton growth. Various chemicals were added to both natural water from Bear Lake and to water chemically simulating it. An alga, Chlorella vulgaris Emerson, was used as a bioassay organism. Under the experimental conditions, heavy metal ions added to either imitation or natural Bear Lake waters had no deleterious effect on cell production. Whencvcr nutrients were present, cell counts increased. A positve correlation existed between algal production and different concentrations of a chelating agent.
Gene therapy in wound healing: present status and future directions

Gene therapy was traditionally considered a treatment modality for patients with congenital defects of key metabolic functions or late-stage malignancies. The realization that gene therapy applications were much vaster has opened up endless opportunities for therapeutic genetic manipulations, especially in the skin and external wounds. Cutaneous wound healing is a complicated, multistep process with numerous mediators that act in a network of activation and inhibition processes. Gene delivery in this environment poses a particular challenge. Numerous models of gene delivery have been developed, including naked DNA application, viral transfection, high-pressure injection, liposomal delivery, and more. Of the various methods for gene transfer, cationic cholesterol-containing liposomal constructs are emerging as a method with great potential for non-viral gene transfer in the wound. This article aims to review the research on gene therapy in wound healing and possible future directions in this exciting field.
Automatic code mapping on an intelligent memory architecture

This paper presents an algorithm to automatically map code on a generic intelligent memory system that consists of a high-end host processor and a simpler memory processor. To achieve high performance with this type of architecture, the code needs to be partitioned and scheduled such that each section is assigned to the processor on which it runs most efficiently. In addition, the two processors should overlap their execution as much as possible. With our algorithm, applications are mapped fully automatically using both static and dynamic information. Using a set of standard applications and a simulated architecture, we obtain average speedups of 1.7 for numerical applications and 1.2 for nonnumerical applications over a single host with plain memory. The speedups are very close and often higher than ideal speedups on a more expensive multiprocessor system composed of two identical host processors. Our work shows that heterogeneity can be cost-effectively exploited and represents one step toward effectively mapping code on heterogeneous intelligent memory systems.
Modeling the dynamical response of biological cells

The dynamics of cell membrane response to nanosecond, high intensity pulses are studied, based on a molecular dynamics (MD) approach. We focus on the cell membrane since the highest electric fields in any biological system will develop across such insulating sheaths. Our simulations focus on membrane rupture and pore formation. In a sense, these phenomena correspond to an internal structural breakdown. It is shown that field-induced changes in membrane permeabilization is due to microscopic deformations at the molecular level. For simplicity, course-grained representations are used instead of a full atomistic scheme, and our results agree with available reports.
The Frenzy of the Audible: Pleasure, Authenticity, and Recorded Laughter

The recorded laugh has been a potent index of authentic presence used to bridge the gap between recorded sound and listener. An analysis of the recorded genres of laughing songs and laughing stories shows that the phonographic laugh played an important role as a precursor to broadcast laugh track. Moving from these early phonographic examples, the pre-recorded laugh track is placed in the historical and discursive contexts of radio and television and their ideology of liveness. Throughout these different media contexts, the laugh has been presented as the ultimate expression of the human, and its mechanical reproduction serves as a lightning rod for anxieties concerning authenticity and the social dimensions of mass media consumption.
Danville Science Center: Riverwalk Trail

This paper addresses the design of full-body science exhibits along the Riverwalk Trail in Danville, VA. These exhibits will form a Discovery Trail and provide numerous benefits to the community and other key stakeholders. The exhibits were designed through a systems and user-centered design approach, which involved literature reviews, informal surveys and data analysis. Additionally, materials were selected based on key requirements and extensive research. The conceptual designs of the exhibits, which include descriptions, learning objectives and visual representations, will be presented to the primary client so that grants may be awarded to the Danville Science Center for the full implementation of the Discovery Trail.
Scalable RF propagation modeling on the IBM Blue Gene/L and Cray XT5 supercomputers

We present a performance analysis for a highly accurate, large-scale electromagnetic wave propagation model on two modern supercomputing platforms: the Cray XT5 and the IBM Blue Gene/L. The electromagnetic wave model is used to simulate the physical layer of a large-scale mobile ad-hoc network of radio devices. The model is based on the numerical technique called Transmission Line Matrix, and is implemented in a Time Warp simulation package that employs reverse computation for the rollback mechanism. Using Rensselaer's Optimistic Simulation System we demonstrate better than real-time, scalable parallel performance for network scenarios containing up to one million mobile radio devices, highly accurate RF propagation and high resolution, large-scale complex terrain.
Enhancing the resolution of selective inhibition sintering (sis) for metallic part fabrication

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the implementation of a commercial piezoelectric printhead in the fabrication of high-resolution metal parts selective inhibition sintering (SIS-metal). SIS is a disruptive platform additive manufacturing (AM) process capable of printing parts from polymer, metal and ceramic base materials. Design/methodology/approach – The developed system in this paper replaces the single-nozzle solenoid valve previously used in the SIS-metal process and allows for the fabrication of high-resolution parts. A design of experiments approach is utilized to study the effects of important factors in inhibitor deposition. These factors include: composition of the inhibitor, quality of the print and the amount of fluid deposited for each layer. Based on the results of these experiments, parameters have been identified for the creation of 3D parts. Findings – The results of this study were based on the fine tuning of parameters in the updated SIS-metal machine which culminated in ...
Actinobdella inequiannulata (Annelida: Hirudinida: Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphoniidae) from White Crappie, Pomoxis annularis (Perciformes: Centrarchidae), in Arkansas, U.S.A

One of 4 (25%) white crappie, Pomoxis annularis, specimens from the Ouachita River, Dallas County, Arkansas, was found to be infested with 8 glossiphoniid leeches, Actinobdella inequiannulata Moore, 1901. Leeches were removed from within the operculum on gills and gill arches. This leech is generally thought to be uncommon but has been reported previously, mainly on members of the family Catostomidae from 21 states of the United States and 5 provinces of Canada. We report a new host record and the first report of A. inequiannulata from Arkansas.
THE ASSOCIATION OF GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER WITH PARENTAL SEPARATION

56 boys diagnosed with gender disturbance, ages 3 to 18 yr. (mean age 8.4 yr.), were classified according to family structure. The proportion of gender-disturbed subjects separated from one or both parents (66%) was significantly higher than the 35% to 48% separated from one or both parents in comparable US general population statistics.
Prejudice, Socio-economic Status, and Public Attitudes Toward Riots and Demonstrations.

This is a report of a recent survey in Boulder, Colorado, a Colorado University community where Negroes constitute a small proportion of the total population. Perceptions of threat, causes, and treatment of racial riots and demonstrations were studied in relation to sociological and psychological variables. Results indicated that socio-economic status and certain prejudice measures were powerful predictors of perceptions concerning race riots and demonstrations. High socio-economic status was associated with more tolerant attitudes toward both types of disturbances, while high prejudice was associated with more intolerant attitudes.
From Kate Sanborn to Feminist Psychology: The Social Context of Women's Humor, 1885–1985

While current feminists are calling for a theoretical psychology of women, the present paper suggests that its foundation can be found in the writings of certain nineteenth-century women. Their conclusions, drawn from a different era and assuming contrasting social science paradigms, parallel and anticipate modern discoveries. This paper examines the work of Kate Sanborn (1839–1917), who edited an anthology of women's humor and crusaded for 20 years to alter the stereotype of women's humorlessness. It is suggested that her work adds to our knowledge of feminist history, as well as presaging current theoretical developments in the psychology of women.
New Algorithms for Finding Monad Patterns in DNA Sequences

In this paper, we present two new algorithms for discovering monad patterns in DNA sequences. Monad patterns are of the form (l,d)-k, where l is the length of the pattern, d is the maximum number of mismatches allowed, and k is the minimum number of times the pattern is repeated in the given sample. The time-complexity of some of the best known algorithms to date is O(nt 2 l d σ d ), where t is the number of input sequences, n is the length of each input sequence, and σ = | ∑ | is the size of the alphabet. The first algorithm that we present in this paper takes \(O(n^{2}t^{2}l^{\frac{d}{2}})\) time and \(O(ntl^{\frac{d}{2}}\sigma^{\frac{d}{2}})\) space, and the second algorithm takes \(O(n^3t^3l^\frac{d}{2}\sigma^{\frac{d}{2}})\) time using \(O(l^\frac{d}{2}\sigma^{\frac{d}{2}})\) space. In practice, our algorithms have much better performance provided the d/l ratio is small. The second algorithm performs very well even for large values l and d as long as the d/l ratio is small.
Social Relations and Resident Health in Assisted Living: An Application of the Convoy Model

Purpose: This article, based on analysis of data from a mixed methods study, builds on a growing body of assisted living (AL) research focusing on the link between residents’ social relationships and health. A key aim of this analysis, which uses the social convoy model as a conceptual and methodological framework, was to examine the relative importance of coresident relationships and other network ties to residents’ subjective well-being. Design and Methods: We analyzed data from structured face-to-face interviews and social network mapping conducted with 192 AL residents in 9 AL facilities in Georgia. Results: Having a higher proportion of family ties in one’s network was the single most important predictor of well-being, whereas possessing some ties to coresidents and nonfamily members outside AL also had a positive effect. Findings showed that relationships among coresidents generally were important although not emotionally close. Having more close ties was associated with lower well-being, suggesting that not all close ties are beneficial. The majority (84%) of residents’ closet ties were with family members. Implications: Findings illuminate the crucial role families play in residents’ overall health and wellbeing and demonstrate the importance of helping residents develop and maintain a range of network ties, including “weak” ties with coresidents and nonfamily outside AL.
Efficacies of Rank-Transform Statistics in Two-Way Models with No Interaction

Abstract To test for treatment effects in a two-way model when the classical assumptions of normality of errors and constancy of variance cannot be verified, Hora and Conover (1984) proposed a rank test in which the entire data set is ranked, the ranks are scored, and then the classical analysis of variance F statistic is applied to the scored ranks. They showed that the limiting null distribution of this test statistic is a chi-squared distribution divided by its degrees of freedom. Simulation results suggest that this procedure, called the rank-transform procedure, has good power properties. This article determines the asymptotic relative efficiency of the rank-transform procedure relative to the classical F statistic. To do this, vectors of linear rank statistics are shown to have a limiting multivariate normal distribution under a sequence of Pitman alternatives. This work is based on the results of Hajek (1968). The rank-transform statistic is then expressed as a quadratic form in the vectors, divide...
Child Health and Family Emotional Climate in Early Childhood

This study tied together literature from the fields of family sociology, child development, and social work to investigate the impact of child health and developmental challenges on family emotional climate spanning the first 5 years following birth. To measure emotional climate, three family determinants (interparental discord, parenting concordance, and parenting challenges), which served as either the product or process for six empirical models of interest, were examined. Overall, children’s poor health and development could open up more opportunities for parental discord, undermine parental ability to compromise, and increase challenges in parenting. Practice implications aimed at strengthening family ties were also discussed.
Nonoperative management of rectal cancer

Surgery has long been the primary curative modality for localized rectal cancer. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation has significantly improved local control rates and, in a significant minority, eradicated all disease. Patients who achieve a pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant therapy have an excellent prognosis, although the combination treatment is associated with long-term morbidity. Because of this, a nonoperative management (NOM) strategy has been pursued to preserve sphincter function in select patients. Clinical and radiographic findings are used to identify patients achieving a clinical complete response to chemoradiation, and they are then followed with intensive surveillance. Incomplete, nonresponding and those demonstrating local progression are referred for salvage with standard surgery. Habr-Gama and colleagues have published extensively on this treatment strategy and have laid the groundwork for this approach. This watch-and-wait strategy has evolved over time, and several groups have now reported their results, including recent prospective experiences. Although initial results appear promising, several significant challenges remain for NOM of rectal cancer. Further study is warranted before routine implementation in the clinic.
Low-mass solitons from fractional charges in quantum chromodynamics

Slansky, Goldman, and Shaw have proposed a model to account for the observation of fractionally charged states. We show that in this model, there are expected to be several low-mass solitons (four being in the mass range approx.20--60 MeV) associated with the third homotopy group ..pi../sub 3/(SU(3)/SO(3)) = Z /sub 4/, besides a low-mass (approx.30 MeV) Z/sub 2/ monopole. Confirmation of these levels and hence of the model has important implications for Cabrera's results on the magnetic monopole. An efficient algorithm for the calculation of ..pi../sub 3/(G/H) for a general Lie group G and a subgroup H is developed. It is pointed out that solitons associated with the third homotopy group are predicted by some grand-unified-theory scenarios.
Rights and the Constitution in Black Life during the Civil War and Reconstruction

Early in 1873 a northern correspondent in Mississippi commented on the remarkable changes the previous decade had wrought in the behavior and self-image of southern blacks. "One hardly realizes the fact," he wrote, "that the many negroes one sees here . . . have been slaves a few short years ago, at least as far as their demeanor goes as individuals newly invested with all the rights and privileges of an American citizen. They appreciate their new condition thoroughly, and flaunt their independence." As the writer intimated, the conception of themselves as equal citizens of the American republic galvanized blacks' political and social activity during Reconstruction. Recent studies have made clear how the persistent agitation of Radical Republicans and abolitionists, and the political crisis created by the impasse between AndrewJohnson and Congress over Reconstruction policy, produced the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendmentsmeasures that embodied a new national commitment to the principle of equality before the law.' But the conception of citizens' rights enshrined in national law and the federal Constitution during Reconstruction also came, as it were, from below. In seeking to invest emancipation with a broad definition of equal rights, blacks challenged the nation to live up to the full implications of its democratic creed and helped set in motion events that fundamentally altered the definition of citizenship for all Americans. The transformation of blacks' role within American society began during the Civil War. For the nearly four million slaves, for the tiny, despised black population of the free states, and for the free blacks of the South, the war held out the hope of a radical change in American race relations. Each of those groups took actions
Development of an Inhibitor Specific to Factor VIII: Coagulant Activity in a Patient with Platelet-type von Willebrand's Disease

Abstract Platelet-type von Willebrand's disease is a recently described autosomal dominant bleeding disorder characterized by decreased ristocetin cofactor activity, lack of the higher molecular weight von Willebrand Factor (vWF) multimers on SDS agarose gel electrophoresis, increased platelet aggregation with low concentrations of ristocetin, and increased ristocetin-induced binding of normal vWF to patient platelets. In this report the authors describe a 17-month-old male with Platelet-type von Willebrand's disease, inherited from the paternal side of his family, who developed an inhibitor specific to Factor VIII:C. The patient's plasma inhibited normal plasma VIII:C and partially purified VIII:C; it did not appear directed against normal VIIIR:Ag or ristocetin cofactor. This antibody is therefore similar to inhibitors that develop in some transfused hemophilia A patients. Since low VIII:C, VIII:CAg, and VIII:C/VIIIR:Ag ratio were encountered in his mother, it is likely that this patient has inherited hemophilia A in addition to Platelet-type von Willebrand's disease.
Application Comparison between CP-OES Method and AAS Method in Quality Control of Membrane Application in Measurement of Multi-metal

[Objective]To compare the application of 2 methods in measurement of multi-metal by membrane,and evaluate the availability and reliability of the 2 methods.[Methods]Two methods were used to detect lead,cadmium,manganese,zinc in quality control membranes,the results were statistically analyzed.[Results]The minimum detectable concentration,detection limit of the 2 methods were compared,ICP-OES method were lower than the AAS method.The difference of membrane samples test results between 2 methods was not significant by t test(P 0.05).[Conclusion]ICP-OES method is more sensitive than AAS method,with characteristics of simple operation,rapid analysis,simultaneous determination of multiple elements,wide linear range,accurate and reliable results,is more suitable for multitudinous samples test.
Prediction of Mature Cow Carcass Composition from Live Animal Measurements

Two trials were conducted with mature cows to develop prediction equations for estimating carcass composition from live animal measurements. Trial 1 involved 82 animals that were used to develop these equations. Subjective criteria (frame and condition scores) also were utilized along with live weight in development of prediction equations. Equations using subjective independent variables predicting energy and carcass tissue weights apparently were slightly more variable in precision (R2 = .69 to .91) than those developed with objective variables (R2 = .74 to .90). Equations predicting percent compositions from subjective variables had lower coefficients of determination (R2 = .49 to .76) than those developed with objective variables (R2 = .63 to .83). Forty-one animals similar to those used in Trial 1 served as a test group in Trial 2. Measured carcass composition was regressed on composition predicted by equations developed in Trial 1. These equations generally had slopes and intercepts with confidence intervals that included 0 and 1, respectively, indicating that most of the prediction equations were unbiased. This work indicates that carcass composition can be predicted from both objective and subjective measurements, with some accuracy and precision.
The Promise of a Bystander Approach to Violence Prevention

Bystander intervention has provided a new way to approach sexual and relationship violence prevention. It gives everyone a role to play in prevention that is appealing and that potentially reduces defensiveness to prevention messages. This chapter provides an introduction to bystander focused prevention for sexual and relationship violence. Definitions of key terms including bystanders, prevention, and violence concepts are provided. Support for the importance of bystanders to the topic of sexual and relationship abuse comes from a variety of theories about the causes of sexual and relationship violence and research on risk and protective factors. Theories and research across all levels of the social ecological model are briefly reviewed to make the case for the utility of using a bystander approach to violence prevention.
Learning Bidirectional Intent Embeddings by Convolutional Deep Structured Semantic Models for Spoken Language Understanding

The recent surge of intelligent personal assistants motivates spoken language understanding of dialogue systems. Considering high-level semantics, intent embeddings can be viewed as the universal representations that help derive a more flexible intent schema to overcome the domain constraint and the genre mismatch. A convolutional deep structured semantic model (CDSSM) is applied to jointly learn the representations for human intents and associated utterances. Two sets of experiments, intent expansion and actionable item detection, are conducted to evaluate the power of the learned intent embeddings. The representations bridge the semantic relation between seen and unseen intents for intent expansion, and connect intents from different genres for actionable item detection. The discussion and analysis of experiments provide a future direction for reducing human effort of data annotation and eliminating domain and genre constraints for spoken language understanding.
Brain Injury in Infancy and Learning Disabilities

Dyscalculia and dyslexia in a 17-year-old boy after right hemisphere injury in infancy is reported from the Division of Neurosurgery and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland, Baltimore; and Cognitive Neuroscience Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
A self-aligned LDD/channel implanted ITLDD process with selectively-deposited poly gates for CMOS VLSI

A novel inverse-T LDD (ITLDD) CMOS process has been developed as part of a submicron CMOS technology that features self-aligned LDD/channel implantation for improved hot-carrier protection. The resulting ITLDD device structures can be designed with very light n- and p-LDD (lightly doped drain) implantations. This leads to lower substrate current due to reduced compensation effects of the lightly doped LDD regions by the heavy channel doping profile. The use of selective polysilicon deposition rather than an incomplete polysilicon etchback process to define the inverse-T gate results in a simpler, more manufacturable process for the ITLDD structure. >
Gene expression profiling in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) benign and prostate carcinoma tissues using universal bead arrays

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 1648 In recent years, archival tissues from patients with known clinical history have become an invaluable resource for gene expression analysis (e.g. quantitative RT-PCR) for tumor classification and clinical outcome prediction in many cancer types. However, RNA extracted from FFPE tissues is often significantly degraded, which makes it hard to work with using current microarray technology. We have developed the DASL™ assay, a flexible, sensitive and reproducible gene expression profiling method for parallel analysis of hundreds of genes in FFPE samples using universal fiber-optic bead arrays. The method can tolerate partial RNA degradation because it does not require an intact poly-A tail for cDNA synthesis. Tissue- and cancer-specific gene expression profiles have been obtained with as little as 50 ng total RNA isolated from the FFPE tissues that had been stored from 1 to over 10 years (Bibikova et al, Am J Pathol, 165:1790-1807, 2004). With this technology, we performed a gene expression profiling study in 174 benign and prostate carcinoma FFPE tissues, retrieved from VA San Diego Healthcare System. A total of 512 prostate cancer related genes selected from a comprehensive literature review were monitored in these samples; 3 probes were designed for each gene. Highly reproducible expression profiles of these genes were obtained (average R2=0.98) and used to identify tumor- and stroma-specific genes, and gene panels that correlated with clinical parameters such as tumor type and grade, therapeutic response and patient survival. We also performed laser capture microdissection (LCM) on selected FFPE tissues (with < 20% tumor content), and compared levels of gene expression in these heterogeneous samples to those in their corresponding cancer and stroma LCM samples. We observed increased levels of expression of tumor- and stroma-specific markers, originally identified from analysis of un-dissected tissues, in the respective LCM samples. This demonstrates the feasibility of using the DASL assay for high-throughput expression profiling in heterogeneous FFPE tissues for biomarker discovery.
Tramadol-associated mania: A case report

A variety of medications, most notably tricyclic antidepressants, and other antidepressants including venlafaxine have been reported to have triggered manic episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. The synthetic opioid tramadol has also been associated with mania activation. This report describes an unusual case of tramadol-associated mania in a patient without a charted diagnosis of bipolar disorder. However, she had a history of two prior episodes of mania following administration of tramadol that were also believed to be related to medication-induced mood disorder rather than underlying bipolar disorder. We hypothesize that tramadol-associated mania may have an underlying mechanism involving monoamine neurotransmission and increased oxidative stress.
Loss of Body Mass During Weightlessness

Postflight weight loss was the first physiological change noticed in the U.S. astronauts on return from their flights. Such losses in the early programs were from dehydration and extremely variable (Fig. 10.2). As flight duration increased losses still appeared to be more or less random, unexpected and unexplained.
Computational DNA binding studies of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate.

The catechin family of molecules that are present in the leaves of green tea has been under investigation since the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of tea were discovered. Among multip...
The Big Five Health Insurers’ Membership and Revenue Trends: Implications for Public Policy

The five largest US commercial health insurance companies together enroll 125 million members, or 43 percent of the country’s insured population. Over the past decade these insurers have become increasingly dependent for growth and profitability on public programs, according to an analysis of corporate reports. In 2016 Medicare and Medicaid accounted for nearly 60 percent of the companies’ health care revenues and 20 percent of their comprehensive plan membership. Although headlines have focused on losses in the state Marketplaces created by the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the Marketplaces represent only a small fraction of insurers’ members. Overall, the five largest insurers have remained profitable since passage of the ACA as a result of profits in other market segments. Notably, companies with significant Medicare or Medicaid enrollment have continued to insure beneficiaries in states where the insurers do not participate in Marketplaces. Given the insurers’ dependence on public programs, there is pote...
Stakeholder Transformation Process: The Journey of an Indigenous Community

The vast majority of indigenous communities are among the world’s poorest and are unlikely to be engaged in a thriving, mutually beneficial partnership with an MNC. While there are increasing studies on CSR initiatives in base of the pyramid communities, few—if any—feature the self-initiated stakeholder transition of an impoverished community. This paper examines the factors that motivated the stakeholder transformation process of an indigenous community, from its position as a non-stakeholder, one lacking in power and legitimacy, to the status of being a primary stakeholder of the firm. We applied a constructivist grounded theory approach to longitudinal data to arrive at the conceptual framework. The findings presented are drawn from an in-depth case study of the Maasai, an indigenous community from East Africa. The findings point to the existence of entrepreneurial alertness that is instrumental in propelling the indigenous community to evolve from one stakeholder category to the next. Our research aims to propose a possible foundation for how communities deep in poverty can coalesce themselves to make their social needs salient to multinational organizations.
Remarks on Various Generalized Derivatives

Various generalized derivatives are defined and related. Some of these are the Peano derivatives, the symmetric (Peano) derivatives, the symmetric Riemann derivatives, a generalized derivative from numerical analysis, the very large family of A derivatives, symmetric quantum derivatives, and quantum symmetric Riemann derivatives. Additionally, L p , 1 ≤ p < ∞ versions of many of these derivatives are considered. Relations between some of these derivatives are mentioned. Some counterexamples showing that other relations are not true are also given.
A study on the efficacy and safety of combining dental surgery with tonsillectomy in pediatrics.

Purpose Few data exist on combining pediatric surgical procedures under a single general anesthetic encounter (general anesthesia). We compared perioperative outcomes of combining dental surgical procedures with tonsillectomy during one anesthetic vs separate encounters. Methods We classified elective tonsillectomy ± adenoidectomy and restorative dentistry as combined (group C) or separate (group S). Outcomes included anesthesia time, recovery duration, the need for overnight hospital stay, and postoperative complications. Results Patients aged 4±1 years underwent tonsillectomy and dental surgery in combination (n=7) or separately (n=27). No differences were noted in total anesthesia time (C: median: 150, interquartile range [IQR]: 99, 165 vs S: median: 109, IQR: 92, 132; 95% CI of difference in median: -58, +10 minutes; P=0.115) and total recovery time (C: median: 54, IQR: 40, 108 vs S: median: 72, IQR: 58, 109; 95% CI of difference in median: -16, +48 minutes; P=0.307). The need for overnight stay (C: 4 of 7, S: 20 of 27; P=0.394) did not differ between the groups. No postoperative complications were noted in either group. Conclusion These preliminary data support the potential feasibility of combining dental procedures with tonsillectomy during a single anesthetic encounter. Such care may not only reduce costs but also limit parental work absences and increase convenience for patient families. When compared with procedures performed separately, combined procedures did not result in increased morbidity or significant changes in postoperative outcomes.
A New Multiscale Modeling and Simulation of Rolling Contact Fatigue for Wind Turbine Bearings

A hierarchical multiscale method is proposed in this chapter to study the rolling contact fatigue in wind turbine bearing with the consideration of lubricant effects. This multiscale model consists of a molecular model of lubricant and a continuum model of rolling contact components. At the nanoscale, molecular dynamics is employed to model the lubricant and to calculate the friction coefficient at the rolling contact surface. At the macroscale, the finite element method is used to conduct stress analysis of the rolling contact component so that the fatigue life can be predicted. The calculated friction coefficient is passed from the molecular model to the continuum model in the proposed multiscale model. The effect of fluctuating load on the rolling contact fatigue life is also studied in this chapter. The objective of this study is to develop a new multiscale framework which connects the nanoscale and the macroscale. It shall be noted that a commonly used fatigue life model is employed in the continuum model.
The (Im)morality of War

Though long a subject of consideration by historians, philosophers, and political scientists, the topic of war has only recently become of theoretical concern to sociological analysis. Treating war as a complex interaction process, this essay analyzes three dimensions of war and its bearing to modernity.
A Comparison of Spectral Subtraction and Polarization Modulation Spectroscopy for Use in Deformation Studies of Polymers

The applicability of the spectral subtraction and polarization modulation techniques to analyze small segmental orientation changes in mechanical-vibrational spectroscopy of polymers has been evaluated. Unless special circumstances are considered, comparison of the two techniques does not provide an overwhelming advantage for modulation that would favor it over the simpler subtraction technique.
Decision-theoretic recursive modeling and the coordinated attack problem

In our decision-theoretic recursive modeling approach, interacting autonomous agents view their own decision making as an attempt to solve a multiperson game they play with other agents. To predict the actions of others, agents model the decision making of other agents (solving their own games), which in turn is based on their models of other agents, and so on. Considering the changes in the recursive hierarchy of models due to communication, we can compute corresponding changes to the utilities the agents can expect in their interactions. The utility of a message can be defined in terms of this change, and agents can choose to communicate only messages of the highest utilities. In this paper, we illustrate the power of our methodology by applying it to the coordinated attack problem, discussed by others using different methodology. We show how autonomous agents using our method are able to coordinate their attacks and defeat the enemy. This result contrasts with results of other work that has used a logic-based approach to decision making about actions.
SoaAlloc: Accelerating Single-Method Multiple-Objects Applications on GPUs

Object-oriented programming (OOP) has long been regarded as too inefficient for SIMD high-performance computing, despite the fact that many important HPC applications have an inherent object structure. We discovered a broad subset of OOP that can be implemented efficiently on massively parallel SIMD accelerators. We call it Single-Method Multiple-Objects (SMMO), because parallelism is expressed by running a method on all objects of a type. To make fast GPU programming available to domain experts who are less experienced in GPU programming, we developed DynaSOAr, a CUDA framework for SMMO applications. DynaSOAr improves the usage of allocated memory with an SOA data layout and achieves low memory fragmentation through efficient management of free and allocated memory blocks with lock-free, hierarchical bitmaps.
Providing Consultation to Organize Specialist Treatment

Unlike other chapters, this chapter specifically addresses BPD treatment by specialists in the disorder, providing consultation for a complex case of a patient with considerable prior treatment experience but with limited overall benefit. Effective treatment planning for BPD patients begins with a consultant assessing the appropriate level of care by thoroughly evaluating current presenting problems as well as lessons learned, behavioral change sustained, and consistent functioning achieved – or the lack of these markers – across varying clinical settings and levels of support and containment. Reviewing collateral history and records from previous treatments is essential for comprehensive assessment. It is important to outline a level of care that supports the highest possible level of functioning without burdening patients beyond their capabilities. The consultant generally also determines the modality, scope, aim, and frequency of the primary therapy and each proposed adjunctive component, and assists with identifying clinicians to carry out each designated role. “Pre-treatment” meetings are usually held with prospective patients and their families, either jointly or separately, to outline the recommended treatment plan and obtain all parties’ agreement to begin.
Implications of Individual QT/RR Profiles—Part 2: Zero QTc/RR Correlations Do Not Prove QTc Correction Accuracy in Studies of QTc Changes

In studies of drug-induced corrected QT (QTc) changes, fixed universal heart rate (HR) corrections (e.g., the Fridericia correction) are potentially misleading when assessing the effects of drugs that change HR. When data-specific corrections are designed, tests of their validity are needed. The proposed tests include zero correlations between QTc and corresponding RR values in the complete study data (pooling on-treatment and off-treatment interval measurements). To document that this approach is potentially highly misleading, a statistical modeling study was conducted based on the full profiles of QT/RR data of 523 healthy subjects—254 females, mean age 33.5 years. In each of the subjects, 50 baseline QT/RR readings were selected to model baseline data. In repeated experiments, groups of ten and 50 subjects were randomly selected and drug-induced HR increases between 0 and 25 beats per minute combined with QTc changes between − 20 and + 20 ms were modeled. In each experiment, subject-specific as well as population-specific HR corrections were designed so that the QTc interval data were uncorrelated to the corresponding RR interval data. The simulation experiments showed that when zero correlations of QTc data with RR data are combined with more than trivial HR increases, the HR corrections are substantially biased and underestimate or fully eliminate any drug-induced QTc interval changes. This result is in full agreement with theoretical considerations of HR correction principles. The lack of correlation of QTc versus RR durations including on-treatment data does not prove any validity of HR corrections. Correlations of QTc versus RR in study data pooling on- and off-drug measurements should not be used to prove the appropriateness of HR corrections.
Isolation and characterization of a high-spin mixed-valent iron dinitrogen complex

We report a rare example of a mixed-valence iron compound with an FeNNFe core, which gives insight into the structural, spectroscopic, and magnetic influences of single-electron reductions and oxidations. In the new compound, the odd electron is localized as judged from Mossbauer spectra at 80 K and infrared spectra at room temperature, and the backbonding into the N2 unit is intermediate between diiron(I) and diiron(0) congeners. Magnetic susceptibility and relaxation studies on the series of FeNNFe compounds show significant magnetic anisotropy, but through-barrier pathways enable fairly rapid magnetic relaxation.
Socioeconomic and Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Asthma in an American Indian Community.

ABSTRACT Background American Indian (AI)/Alaska Native (AN) children have increased asthma prevalence, morbidity, and mortality compared to non-Hispanic white children. Our study sought to examine environmental and socioeconomic factors of asthma among children in an AI community. Methods This case-control study included children with physician-diagnosed asthma and age-matched controls, ages 6 through 17 years, in an AI community. Diagnosis and clinical characteristics were obtained from medical record review. Home visits included interviews regarding sociodemographic and household environmental exposures, physical exam, spirometry, and asthma control questionnaires (cases only). Results Among the 108 asthma cases and 215 controls, 64% had an annual household income Children with asthma had significantly higher odds of living in a multi-unit dwelling (OR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2-4.4), living in residences with rodent or insect infestation (OR 2.1, 95%CI: 1.1-3.8), and less likely living in homes with more than 8 occupants (OR 0.5, 95%CI: 0.3-0.9), and there was a trend in lower caregiver education level, unmarried caregiver marital status, and annual household income level Conclusion In this low-income AI community, we identified several social and environmental determinants of asthma, which were mediated by SES and other household environmental factors, suggesting a complex interplay between SES and environmental exposures. Furthermore, many children with asthma reported poor asthma control.
Resident physician efficiency in the electronic medical record (EMR): sustaining improvements

Introduction: Resident physicians comprise a large portion of the physician workforce utilizing the EMR in many health centers. Due to frequent changes in clinical venue and specialty, resident EMR workflow is different from non-resident physicians. The objective of the project was to redesign the resident EMR position to promote efficiency and ease of use. Methods: 1. Updated design of resident physician view. A multidisciplinary group of residents met to redesign the EMR position. This involved removing unneeded buttons …
Mask qualification of a shifted gate contact issue by physical e-beam inspection and high landing energy SEM review : DI: Defect Inspection and Reduction

Photomask issues can result in shifted pattern defects printed on the wafer. In the case of sub-1x nm nodes, these pattern defects of interest (DOI) can be difficult for conventional optical inspections to detect. In this paper we present a case study of a new mask qualification for a MOL gate open (GO) contact mask layer. The new mask was introduced to compensate for a known open between trench silicide (TS) contact and GO. During qualification, a shift in the GO overlay was seen on one section of the wafer and suspected to be the cause of a TS-gate short. A Design of Experiments (DOE) was created to investigate if the issue was solely mask related or if it could be mitigated during processing (litho/etch). Physical mode e-beam inspection was used to monitor the DOE wafers, however the resolution of the e-beam inspection tool was not sufficient to conclusively classify the defects observed. A high resolution, high landing energy SEM defect review was introduced post e-beam inspection to better monitor the splits running as part of the DOE.
PowerTherm Attach Process for Power Delivery and Heat Extraction in the Silicon-Interconnect Fabric Using Thermocompression Bonding

High-density placement of dies on the Silicon Interconnect Fabric (Si-IF) demands high power delivery (1 W/mm2) which in turn generates intense heat (~0.5-0.7 W/mm2). To meet this power requirement and manage its thermal dissipation, we have introduced a novel architecture called PowerTherm which involves the attachment of electrically isolated copper terminal blocks to the back side of the Si-IF. The terminal blocks perform a dual function: they deliver high current at mission voltage and cool the Si-IF either passively or actively. This paper deals with PowerTherm bonding process and its characterization. The terminal blocks were attached to electrodeposited Cu on Si using thermocompression bonding in atmospheric conditions, however with confined air flow. Shear strength of ~ 17 MPa was achieved when the bonding was performed at the optimized conditions.
Conceptualizing and implementing an agent-based model of information flow and decision making during hurricane threats

Abstract This article introduces an agent-based modeling laboratory for investigating how evolving hazard information, propagated through forecaster, media, public official, and peer information networks, affects patterns of public protective-action decisions during hurricane threats. The model, called CHIME ABM, provides a platform for integrating atmospheric science, social science, and computer and information science knowledge and data to explore the complex socio-ecological dynamics of modern hazard information and decision systems from a new perspective. First, the model's interdisciplinary conceptualization and implementation is described. Results are then presented from experiments demonstrating the model's behaviors and comparing patterns of evacuation decisions when key agent parameters and the geographical population distribution, forecast skill, and storm are varied. The article illustrates how this type of theoretically and empirically informed digital laboratory can be used to develop new insights into the interactions among environmental hazards, information flow, protective decisions, and societal outcomes.