cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hemoglobin phenotypes in the frogs Rana pipiens, rana blairi, their hybrids and a backcross

Abstract 1. 1. Following electrophoresis, the hemoglobin patterns of Rana pipiens and R. blairi have essentially the same number and arrangement of components which differ somewhat between the species in their rates of migration. A moderate amount of polymorphism occurs in each species. 2. 2. The hybrid pattern is not simply additive but exhibits electrophoretically stable hybrid hemoglobins and deficiencies of some parental components. 3. 3. Of 53 backcross offspring, 77% represent parental patterns and 21% include hemoglobin components found in neither parental nor grandparental patterns. This suggests that the polypeptide loci are linked with some crossing over occurring between loci.
Ruthenium pure quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Abstract The unique chemistry of ruthenium and consequent potential importance of the quadrupole coupling constants and asymmetry parameters of 99Ru and 101Ru has prompted us to initiate an apparently original investigation of the pure nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy of these two isotopes. A means for prediction of the expected resonance frequencies based on Mossbauer data is given and detailed circuit diagrams of a spectrometer which has been constructed primarily for ruthenium studies are presented. Preliminary searches carried out for ruthenium tris -acetylacetonate and bis -ruthenium tetroxide have so far failed to yield signals. Possible explanations for this are discussed and the value of continuing the work defended.
Expression of a glycine decarboxylase complex H-protein in non-photosynthetic tissues of Populus tremuloides

The Gly decarboxylase complex (GDC) is abundant in mitochondria of C3 leaves and functions in photorespiratory carbon recovery. However, expression of GDC component proteins has generally been less evident in non-green tissues. Here we report an aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) PtgdcH1 gene, encoding a GDC subunit H-protein that is phylogenetically distinct from previously characterized photorespiratory H-proteins. Strong expression of PtgdcH1 in root tips and developing xylem suggests that GDC supports a very active C1 metabolism in non-photosynthetic tissues of aspen.
Integral data compression for FPS 64‐BIT processors: Improved I/O and reduced storage

Compression of two-electron integral data is used to reduce integral storage and I/O requirements with FPS M64 Series (formerly FPS-X64) processors. Schemes are developed and implemented in assembly language to compress floating-point values to a fixed-point accuracy, and unsigned integer numbers. The floating-point scheme stores only the significant bits of the mantissa and a short, biased exponent. The unsigned integers are packed into fixed-length fields just long enough to hold the largest value. The packing procedures are tested on FPS-164 and FPS-264 processors (since renamed M64/145 and M64/60 by FPS) and incorporated into HONDO to compress two-electron integral files. Reduction factors of 0.2–0.4 are obtained for floating-point compression and 0.3–0.5 for index packing, with typical overall factors around one-third. The advantages of improved I/O and storage efficiency are accompanied by a small increase in processor time to perform the packing and unpacking. Timing changes for HONDO are presented, and both packing schemes dramatically reduce SCF elapsed times with FPS-264 processors. It is concluded that compression effectively extends external storage capacities, improves I/O efficiency, and can reduce the elapsed time of I/O bound calculations.
Role of liver transplantation in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are liver resection, liver transplantation, or local ablation (e.g., percutaneous ethanol injection, cryosurgery, radio-frequency ablation, and chemoembolization). Most patients are not eligible for curative resection because of the location of the tumor or the severity of liver disease. For many of these patients, liver transplantation remains the best curative option. Because of the shortage of donor organs, much of the recent effort has been aimed at patient selection. In this review, the authors address outcomes after liver transplantation for HCC, the role of selection criteria as a predictor of mortality and recurrence, and the emerging role of living donor liver transplantation and chemoembolization.
Effect of the Kinetin-Naphthaleneacetic Acid Interaction Upon Total RNA and Protein in Senescing Detached Leaves

The interaction between kinetin and naphthaleneacetic acid in the regulation of senescence of excised tissue of mature broccoli leaves has been used to examine the extent of synchrony between changes in chlorophyll, RNA, and protein. Kinetin increased the net uptake of 14C-labeled orotic acid and leucine. Naphthaleneacetic acid decreased the effect of kinetin on net uptake after long treatment, but in short-time treatments the auxin increased the effect of kinetin on net uptake. Results of long (24 hr) treatments indicated a general synchrony between the loss of RNA, protein, and chlorophyll. Naphthaleneacetic acid reduced the stabilizing effect of kinetin upon chlorophyll content and upon the content and synthesis of RNA. In short-time experiments, however, RNA content and synthesis were transiently increased by kinetin, and further increased by kinetin plus naphthaleneacetic acid, while chlorophyll content decreased in the presence of kinetin and decreased further in the presence of kinetin plus naphthaleneacetic acid. Actinomycin-D accelerated the loss of chlorophyll, RNA and protein and strongly depressed the rate of RNA synthesis. In the presence of actinomycin-D the stabilizing effect of kinetin upon RNA was substantially reduced. In contrast, the chlorophyll and protein contents remained higher than in the control. Actinomycin-D did not nullify the basal incorporation of orotic acid into RNA, nor did it negate the effect of kinetin upon incorporation. The failure of synchrony between changes in chlorophyll and RNA does not substantiate the proposal that kinetin regulates senescence by a direct effect upon DNA-dependent RNA synthesis.
An investigation of douching practices in the botánicas of the Bronx.

Douching is a common practice in women and has been associated with adverse health outcomes. In order to explore douching products and practices we conducted qualitative interviews in ten botanicas (stores that provide healing and spiritual services to immigrant communities) located in New York City. We interviewed 15 people, 14 of whom were botanica owners and employees and ten of whom were women. We found that douching was not easily separated from the more holistic concerns of botanica customers involving health, well-being and spirituality. These issues included abortion, infertility, menopause, the prevention and treatment of infections, sexuality, cleanliness, hygiene and relationship issues. The vagina was seen as a sensitive, even vulnerable part of the body, not clearly distinguished from other female organs. A variety of products were used in the vagina in the form of creams, douches, suppositories, baths and herbal steaming of the urogenital area. Alum, an astringent, was used for the purposes of vaginal tightening to enhance sexual pleasure for the partner, to make the vagina 'younger', or to hide evidence of infidelity. Botanicas are part of a complex healing system with conceptual models different from those of allopathic medicine. These models may not be unique to the botanicas.
Characterization of recombinant chitinase-like proteins of Drosophila melanogaster and Tribolium castaneum.

Insect chitinase (CHT) family proteins are encoded by as many as 16 genes depending upon the species of interest. We have classified these proteins in three species into five different groups based on amino acid sequence similarities (Zhu et al., companion paper). The functions of most of the individual proteins of this family during growth and development are largely unknown. To help determine their enzymatic properties and physiological roles, we expressed representative members belonging to this protein family from Drosophila melanogaster (Dm) and Tribolium castaneum (Tc), and characterized their kinetic and carbohydrate-binding properties. Seven proteins, including DmCHT 4, 5, 9 and DmDS47 from Drosophila, and TcCHT5, TcIDGF2 and TcIDGF4 from Tribolium, belonging to groups I, IV or V of the chitinase-like family were expressed in a baculovirus-insect cell line expression system, purified and characterized. Their enzymatic and chitin-binding properties were compared to those of the well-characterized chitinase, MsCHT535, from Manduca sexta (Ms). All of these proteins, except those belonging to group V that are related to imaginal disc growth factors (IDGFs), exhibited chitinolytic activity against the long polymeric substrate, CM-Chitin-RBV, and/or the short oligomeric substrate, MU-(GlcNAc)3. TcCHT5, DmCHT5 and MsCHT535, which are members of group I chitinases, cleaved both polymeric and oligomeric substrates. Their enzymatic properties, including pH optima, kinetic parameters, and susceptibility to substrate inhibition by chitooligosaccharides, were similar. Two group IV chitinases, DmCHT4 and DmCHT9, also were characterized. DmCHT4 had one optimum pH of 6 towards the polymeric substrate and no detectable chitinolytic activity towards an oligosaccharide substrate. DmCHT9 had high activity from pH 4 to 8 towards the polymeric substrate and exhibited low activity towards the oligosaccharide substrate. The group V proteins, TcIDGF2 and TcIDGF4, contain all of the catalytically critical residues within conserved region II of family 18 chitinases but neither exhibited chitinolytic activity. Another group V protein, DmDS47, which lacks the critical glutamate residue in region II and the C-terminal CBD, also exhibited no chitinolytic activity. However, all three of the group V proteins bound to chitin tightly. A comparison of the amino acid sequences and homology model structures of group V proteins with enzymatically active members of the chitinase family indicated that the presence of additional loops of amino acids within the (βα)8-barrel structure of these proteins interferes with productive substrate binding and/or catalysis.
DANGERS OF PREHOSPITAL COOLING: A CASE REPORT OF AFTERDROP IN A PATIENT WITH EXERTIONAL HEAT STROKE

Abstract Background Exertional heat stroke is a potentially life-threatening disease with varying clinical presentations and severity. Given the severe morbidity that can accompany the disease, the immediate management often begins in the prehospital setting. It is important to have not only a comprehensive understanding of the prehospital cooling methods in addition to hospital management strategies, but an understanding of their potential complications as well. Case Report A 32-year-old male presented to a San Antonio hospital in March 2014 with progressive confusion, nausea, nonbloody emesis, and ataxia. Initial presentation was concerning for exertional heat stroke, as the patient was recorded in the field to have a temperature of 42.1°C (106.2°F). The patient, on arrival to the emergency department, was found to have a core body temperature of 38.1°C (100.6°F). All active cooling measures were terminated and active rewarming was initiated. Despite adequate resuscitation and rapid identification of the patient's overcorrection in core body temperature, the lowest recorded temperature was 36.0°C (96.8°F). Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This ? This case represents the dangers associated with exertional heat stroke, overcorrection of core body temperature, and the potentially lethal complication of afterdrop. It also represents the need for immediate recognition of the condition and initiation of appropriate medical care. Although this patient's clinical outcome was good, the event could have caused serious morbidity or could have potentially been fatal.
Simultaneous High-resolution Optical Wavefront and Flow Diagnostics for High-speed Flows

Abstract : Simultaneous high spatial-resolution flow visualization and wavefront sensing are used to investigate the optical aberrations that occur due to a compressible shear layer. A preliminary model is developed to relate flow visualization images with wavefronts measured using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. Initial results are quite encouraging as a comparison between the Shack-Hartmann measured wavefronts and wavefronts produced by applying the model to flow visualization images produces correlation levels well above 0.7. Future work will incorporate a more realistic geometry to further develop the model and investigate the effects of individual large-scale structures on wavefront distortion with more detail.
A millimeter-wave slot-V antenna

A V-shaped slot antenna built on a dielectric substrate is presented. The antenna is a nonresonant, traveling-wave design, with a predicted impedance in the range from 50 Omega to 80 Omega . Calculations indicate that this antenna should have a gain of 15 dB with 3 dB beamwidths of 10 degrees in the H plane and 64 degrees in the E plane. Pattern measurements at 90 GHz support the theory. It should be possible to equalize the two beamwidths with a cylindrical lens. The broad bandwidth and high gain characteristics make the slot-V a good candidate for picosecond optoelectronic measurements. Fabrication is simple, and it should be possible to make this antenna at wavelengths as short as 10 mu m with conventional photolithography. >
Understanding of Prayer Among African American Children: Preliminary Themes:

Theoretical accounts of African American culture describe spirituality and religion as significant socializing agents for African American children. Empirical studies suggest that prayer is a vital aspect of religious and spiritual fulfillment for African American families. Studies have also found that religious affiliation and cultural background influence the religious development of children. However, religious practices, such as prayer among African American children, have not been studied empirically. The purpose of this study is to describe how African American children understand prayer within a cultural context. This study also explored emotions that African American children associate with prayer. A convenience sample of 36 African American children aged 8 to 13 years participated in a structured interview. Core ideas among their responses were identified with a consensual qualitative coding method. Results from the current study were used to generate hypotheses regarding understanding of prayer among African American children.
Use of measurements of ethanol absorption from stomach and intestine to assess human ethanol metabolism

Controversy exists concerning the site (stomach vs. liver) and magnitude of first-pass metabolism of ethanol. We quantitated gastric and total ethanol absorption rates in five male subjects and utilized these measurements to evaluate first-pass metabolism. Gastric emptying of ethanol (0.15 g/kg) was determined via a gamma camera and gastric absorption from the ratio of gastric ethanol to [14C]polyethylene glycol. Gastric absorption accounted for 30% and 10% of ethanol administered with food and water, respectively. With food, estimated gastric mucosal ethanol concentrations fell from 19 to 5 mM over 2 h. Calculations using these concentrations and kinetic data for gastric alcohol dehydrogenase showed <2% of the dose underwent gastric metabolism. Application of observed ethanol absorption rates to a model of human hepatic ethanol metabolism indicated that only 30% and 4% of the dose underwent first-pass metabolism when administered with food and water, respectively. We conclude that virtually all first-pass ethanol metabolism occurs in the liver and first-pass metabolism accounts for only a small fraction of total clearance.
"Oh Mary, Don't You Weep": Progressive Religion in the Living Wage Movement

Despite religion's absence in much of secular labor and social movement theories' analyses, progressive religious coalitions are a fundamental partner in the rise of new labor activism in the United States. At a time when media and academia focus on the strength of the "religious right" at the federal level, the success of the municipal living wage movement demonstrates the under-recognized power of the "religious left" in cities around the nation. Through examples from case studies, I document the importance of progressive religion's material and cultural contributions to the movement. In the end, I also contend that paying attention to the successful dynamics of religion-labor alliances at the municipal level can provide important lessons for revitalizing progressive religion's role at the federal level.
Online inference and enforcement of temporal properties

The interfaces of software components are often paired with specifications or protocols that prescribe correct and safe usage. An important class of these specifications consists of temporal safety properties over function or method call sequences. Because violations of these properties can lead to program crashes or subtly inconsistent program state, these properties are frequently the target of runtime monitoring techniques. However, the properties must be specified in advance, a time-consuming process. Recognizing this problem, researchers have proposed various specification inference techniques, but they suffer from imprecision and require a significant investment in developer time. This work presents the first fully automatic dynamic technique for simultaneously learning and enforcing general temporal properties over method call sequences. Our technique is an online algorithm that operates over a short, finite execution history. This limited view works well in practice due to the inherent temporal locality in sequential method calls on Java objects, a property we validate empirically. We have implemented our algorithm in a practical tool for Java, Ocd, that operates with a high degree of precision and finds new defects and code smells in well-tested applications.
Active specific immunotherapy for melanoma: Phase I trial of allogeneic lysates and a novel adjuvant

A Phase I trial of active specific immunotherapy for melanoma was performed to measure the toxicity and immunological effects of the therapy. A mixture of mechanical lysates (homogenates) of two melanoma cell lines was injected together with a novel adjuvant, DETOX, into 22 patients. Several types of cell-mediated and humoral immunity to melanoma-associated antigens were measured serially. In the 17 patients with measurable disease, the sizes of lesions were also noted serially. At least six patients per group were injected s.c. with either 100, 200, or 400 antigenic units (approximately 10, 20, and 40 million tumor cell-equivalents) of the lysates mixed with 0.25 ml of DETOX s.c. on weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. Three patients at each dose level also received 300 mg/m2 of cyclophosphamide i.v. 4 days before the start of immunization. Evidence for successful immunization was obtained in 13 of the 22 patients. An increase in the frequency of peripheral blood cytolytic lymphocyte precursors reacting against melanoma cells occurred in 12 patients, as measured by a limiting dilution assay involving in vitro re-exposure to irradiated melanoma cells for 9-10 days. Eight of the 12 patients had received cyclophosphamide. By cold-target competition assays, these cytolytic lymphocytes appeared to be atypical T-cells, which recognized melanoma-associated antigens on several allogeneic lines without apparent major histocompatibility complex restriction. An increase in antibody titers against melanoma-associated antigens, measured by enzyme immunoassay, was found in five of 22 patients, and a change in delayed hypersensitivity against the melanoma lysate, in three patients. Responses were found at all three dosage levels of lysate, without an obvious dose optimum. No toxicity except minor local soreness was noted. Therefore, no maximum tolerable dose was defined. Five of 17 patients with measurable lesions had a remission of their melanoma, two complete and three partial, with three additional minor responses. A patient whose complete remission lasted 5.5 months, has no evidence of disease 22+ months after entry onto the study, with the aid of surgical resection of small s.c. recurrences on two separate occasions. Sites of regression included s.c. nodules, lymph nodes, and pulmonary nodules, with no responses in liver, adrenal gland, or bone. The patients who had an increase in cytolytic lymphocyte precursors comprised all eight with a clinical remission (five major, three minor). In contrast, none of the seven patients lacking an increase in cytotoxic lymphocytes had a clinical response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Human microRNA (miR29b) expression controls the amount of branched chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex in a cell

Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) play critical roles in cell and tissue functions in addition to being important components of protein structure. The multifunctional roles speak to the need for maintaining tight control of their concentration within cells. As the BCAA cannot be made de novo in mammals, their cellular concentration is a function of dietary intake, endogenous protein turnover and catabolism of the three amino acids. The branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) complex commits the BCAA to degradation and thus is vital in controlling their concentration within a cell. In mammals, BCKD activity state depends on the presence of a covalently bound phosphate on one protein component of the complex. Phosphate is added to the protein through the action of the complex-specific kinase and results in BCKD inactivation. Here, we demonstrate that another reaction plays a role in determining the total amount of BCKD present in a cell. The microRNA (miR29b) molecule tested is targeted to the mRNA for the dihydrolipoamide branched chain acyltransferase component of BCKD and prevents translation when bound. This is the first demonstration of the use of a microRNA to exert control on a metabolic pathway of amino acid catabolism in mammals and offers an explanation for the observed differences in the amount of the BCKD complex present in different tissues and under varying nutritional states.
Linear Ill-posed problems are solvable on the average for all gaussian measures

The purpose of this paper is to bring a series of rather surprising results which have appeared in the technical literature to the attention of a wider audience. We describe the results informally here; precise definitions and results will be given below. Our subject is the solution of an ill-posed problem on a digital computer. Such a problem can at best only be solved approximately. We say a problem is solvable if we can compute an "-approximation for any positive " and is unsolvable if we cannot compute an "-approximation, even for arbitrarily large ". It was shown in [17] that a linear problem is unsolvable iff it is ill-posed. Are there circumstances under which one can avoid this negative conclusion? It is common to associate an operator S with an ill-posed problem. If S is linear, then a problem is ill-posed iff S is unbounded. Note that unboundedness is a worst case concept; the supremum of S operating on elements in the unit ball of its domain is infinite. This suggests introducing the concept of a problem’s being ill-posed on the average if the expectation of S with respect to a measure is infinite and being well-posed on the average if this expectation is finite. These concepts were introduced in [17], where it was shown that if the measure is Gaussian and the linear operator S is measurable, then a linear problem is unsolvable on the average iff it is ill-posed on the average. A natural next step is to find a linear ill-posed problem which is also ill-posed on the average. Several attempts to do this for Gaussian measures were unsuccessful. This suggested the question: Is every linear problem well-posed on the average for any Gaussian measure? This question was answered in the affirmative in [5] and [15]. The conclusion in the title follows immediately from this and the preceding result. What if the measure is non-Gaussian? Now the situation is more complicated. In particular, there are problems that are even ill-posed on the average. In this paper, we round out the picture by presenting examples of such problems for non-Gaussian measures.
Neutrino Oscillations and Neutrino Astronomy in a Large Flat Detector

Monte Carlo calculations of upward going muons produced by neutrino interactions in the Earth are examined to determine the sensitivity to neutrino oscillation phenomena. The detector dimensions assumed are 500 m × 10 m × 2 m (high), which would give an order of magnitude increase in rate over existing detectors. The calculations are integrated over neutrino energies in the range 3 GeV to 600 GeV. Sensitivity to possible astronomical point sources of neutrinos is also examined.
Evaluation of Temozolomide in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome

In our previous phase I study of temozolomide in patients with acute leukemia, temozolomide was well tolerated and demonstrated significant anti-leukemic activity. The maximum tolerated dose was 200 mg/m 2 /d for 7 days, repeated approximately every 5 - 6 weeks. In the current study, we evaluated the same dose of temozolomide in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Fourteen patients received 19 courses of temozolomide. The median age was 71 years. In this study, treatment was poorly tolerated with patients requiring admission in 9 of 19 courses. Toxicity included worsening cytopenias, neutropenic fever, and exacerbation of cardiac disease, the latter due to worsening anemia. An unusual finding was the development of leukocytoclastic vasculitis in 4 patients. There were no formal responses to therapy. The current schedule of temozolomide is not efficacious in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome.
Promoting reflective thinking in teacher candidates: are digital video/multimedia portfolios a useful tool?

This research examined the effects of a process of digital video editing used to create a multimedia portfolio on the quality of teacher candidates' critical reflections. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control, experimental-reflection, and experimental-reflection with multimedia production. The difference between the control group and the experimental groups indicate that digital video editing does have an impact on teacher candidate's ability to reflect.
Models of the Ionosphere

The purposes of model ionospheres are reviewed and used to determine the types of models required. The problems associated with obtaining the data required for empirical and theoretical models are considered and used to develop recommendations for approaches to ionospheric modeling. The components of a model ionosphere are discussed and some of the key problems in each area reviewed.
Epigenetic Studies Point to DNA Replication/Repair Genes as a Basis for the Heritable Nature of Long Term Complications in Diabetes.

Metabolic memory (MM) is defined as the persistence of diabetic (DM) complications even after glycemic control is pharmacologically achieved. Using a zebrafish diabetic model that induces a MM state, we previously reported that, in this model, tissue dysfunction was of a heritable nature based on cell proliferation studies in limb tissue and this correlated with epigenetic DNA methylation changes that paralleled alterations in gene expression. In the current study, control, DM, and MM excised fin tissues were further analyzed by MeDIP sequencing and microarray techniques. Bioinformatics analysis of the data found that genes of the DNA replication/DNA metabolism process group (with upregulation of the apex1, mcm2, mcm4, orc3, lig1, and dnmt1 genes) were altered in the DM state and these molecular changes continued into MM. Interestingly, DNA methylation changes could be found as far as 6–13 kb upstream of the transcription start site for these genes suggesting potential higher levels of epigenetic control. In conclusion, DNA methylation changes in members of the DNA replication/repair process group best explain the heritable nature of cell proliferation impairment found in the zebrafish DM/MM model. These results are consistent with human diabetic epigenetic studies and provide one explanation for the persistence of long term tissue complications as seen in diabetes.
Essay #14: Frankfurt on Why We Care About Truth: The Worlds of the Two Harrys

This essay offers a summary and critique of the position that Harry Frankfurt has taken in On Truth for why we care about truth. Frankfurt is a great champion of objective truth, while at the same time holding a noncognitivist position concerning normative issues. The critique offered by this essay concerns the interface between these two realms. Frankfurt’s view is that objective truths can serve as premises for valid or invalid arguments in support of normative conclusions. This essay argues that Frankfurt is mistaken about that, and through the use of several concrete examples seeks to make that case.
An epsilon of room, I : real analysis : pages from year three of a mathematical blog

ly characterized as Stone spaces such that the closure of a countable union of clopen sets is clopen. A (concrete) measure space (X,B, μ) is a concrete σ-algebra (X,B) together with a countably additive measure μ : B → [0,+∞]. One can similarly define an abstract measure space (B, μ) (or measure algebra) to be an abstract σ-algebra B with a countably additive measure μ : B → [0,+∞]. (Note that one does not need the concrete space X in order to define the notion of a countably additive measure.) One can obtain an abstract measure space from a concrete one by deleting X and then quotienting out by some σ-ideal of null sets—sets of measure zero with respect to μ. (For instance, one could quotient out the space of all null sets, which is automatically a σ-ideal.) Thanks to the Loomis-Sikorski representation theorem, we have a converse: Exercise 2.3.3. Show that every abstract measure space is isomorphic to a concrete measure space after quotieting out by a σ-ideal of null sets (where the notion of morphism, isomorphism, etc. on abstract measure spaces is defined in the obvious manner.) Notes. This lecture first appeared at terrytao.wordpress.com/2009/01/12. Thanks to Eric for Remark 2.3.11, and for the functoriality remark in Remark 2.3.13. Eric and Tom Leinster pointed out a subtlety that two concrete Boolean algebras which are abstractly isomorphic need not be concretely isomorphic. In particular, the modifier “abstract” is essential in the statement that “up to (abstract) isomorphism, there is no difference between a concrete Boolean algebra and an abstract one.” Author's preliminary version made available with permission of the publisher, the American Mathematical Society
Regulation of the Brain Angiotensin System: A Thesis of Multicellular Involvement

Many potential sites of regulation may be envisioned for the brain angiotensin system. However, new findings indicate that regulatory mechanisms may be more complex and detailed then previously recognized. These results, summarized below, include the recent findings of probable glial involvement in the brain angiotensin system, the potential for neuronal-glial interaction and the role of peptidases in either the activation of the relevant angiotensin peptide or in the termination of action of angiotensin II. A hypothesis is presented which proposes that a subpopulation of glia function to convert angiotensin II to angiotensin III so as to facilitate the rapid inactivation of the octapeptide. This could be a mechanism both for terminating action of the peptide at a neuronal receptor as well as for shielding receptors from exogenous angiotensins. Glia may also scavenge angiotensinogen from extracellular fluids, thereby limiting the lifetime of the prohormone. Thus, cross-talk between glia and neurons is pro...
Experiences with a screening test for bacteriuria.

A comparison of the Testuria “mini-culture” method with a conventional quantitative cultural technic for determining bacteriuria has revealed that most patients with bacteriuria attending a urology outpatient clinic could be detected. The sensitivity approached or exceeded the 90% level. The predictive value was more than 95% for the negatives and still more than 60% for the positives in specimens with more than 100,000 bacteria per ml. When the Testuria “miniculture” method was used in a mass screening program the reliability changed. When the number of bacteria present was low, Testuria gave a greater number of false positive results. The specificity of 92% at the 50,000 and 60.6% at the 100,000 levels of bacteria per milliliter indicates that approximately 10% of the population screened required follow-up studies even though their specimens did not actually exceed these limits. Below the level of 50,000 bacteria per ml., the sensitivity of the Testuria method dropped to 66.8%, which is unacceptable for a screening test at that level. Testuria results correlated well with conventional methods when the number of bacteria was high, as is usually found in patients attending a urology outpatient clinic, but when the number of bacteria was low, Testuria gave a greater number of false positive results than did conventional urine culture technics.
Values and Marital Adjustment of Nurses

In this paper we have examined changes in nursing education, its expectations of the behavioral sciences, and some of the problems of collegiate education for nurses. Although nursing's interest and efforts in research wnich have much behavorial science flavor were described, several central issues could not be dealt with. The review of changes in nursing education suggests, if the trenid continues, an increasing inv olvement of behavioral scientists and departments of the behavioral sciences in nursing education. This will have several outcomes: These disciplines will have an expanding outlet. If nursing should follow the recently adopted and growing practice by other health professions of engaging behavioral scientists for teaching and research, new careers will be opened. Persons who take on such careers will be faced with problems of status and prestige. As a dean of a collegiate school of nursing said to a social scientist about to be engaged on her faculty: "You must realize that nursing is lowv oIn the totem pole; if you come with us you will most likely have to share our status." The major solution of what behavioral science content is needed by nursing, how it will be transmitted, and by whom, cannot be predicted. Answers to these questions will influence career possibilities for social scientists in nursing education. An issue implicit at earlier points, but not specifically dealt with should be mentioned. Brown makes the point in her foreword to Bridgman's work as follows:
Histiocytosis X Presenting as a Primary Penile Lesion

Abstract We report the first case of histiocytosis X presenting as a solitary penile skin lesion.
Long-term Survival after Hormonal Therapy for Stage D Prostatic Cancer

Hormonal therapy occasionally produces long-term survival of men with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. To identify which patients will benefit for long intervals a retrospective analysis was done on 56 men with stage D carcinoma of the prostate treated between 1963 and 1968. Of this group 5 patients lived longer than 10 years. We were unable to identify clinical or pathologic characteristics that would have indicated which patients would have done well.
Selection of superior stimulation protocols for follicular development in a program for in vitro fertilization

Classification of stimulated controlled follicular development cycles in programs for in vitro fertilization by the likelihood of culminating in a pregnancy would allow for increased efficacy in patient management and the distribution of care provider services. Analysis of human menopausal gonadotropin stimulations by the estradiol (E2) patterns identified trends suggesting superiority of one pattern, but no statistically significant difference was identified. Similarly, trends were identified in the Norfolk data for the height and pattern of E2 response, but no statistical significance was identified. While these observations may become significant with larger numbers, until that time, criteria for altering patient management based on the rise of follicular phase E2 levels should be reconsidered.
The reversal of bilirubin-induced intestinal secretion by agar

Agar binds bilirubin in vitro and lowers serum bilirubin concentrations by interrupting the enterohepatic circulation and increasing the fecal excretion of bilirubin. Nonconjugated bilirubin has been reported to induce secretion of sodium and water by the small intestine of perfused hamsters. We investigated the possibility that agar could prevent the secretory effect of bilirubin on hamster gut by sequestering it and reducing its enterocyte exposure. The small intestine of hamsters was luminally perfused in vivo with 0.5 mM bilirubin either alone or simultaneously with 0.15 g% agar. Control perfusions demonstrated luminal absorption of water and sodium in the absence of bilirubin. The inclusion of bilirubin resulted in secretion of sodium and water. The addition of agar to the bilirubin-infused animals resulted in net absorption of sodium and water comparable to that of controls. An additional agar-containing control perfusion demonstrated apparent secretion of sodium and water.
Simulation in Regional Hospital Planning

In the past decades the trend towards urbanization and specialization in physician practices has resulted in serious maldistribution of health care facilities and manpower in favor of the urban areas. Normally, rural areas experience a chronic shortage of health services, largely because of their inability to attract new physicians. Even those who devote themselves to rural practices face great difficulty in delivering quality health services to rural populations because of low population density, poor accessibility to specialists for referral and consultation, lack of linkage to secondary and tertiary hospitals, and absence of paramedical and social services. The health problems of rural areas are further compounded due to dominance of poverty, lack of education, presence of large proportion of elderly population, and vulnerability to natural hazards. Thus, the so called health care crisis prevailing in rural areas today, although complicated by social and economic issues, is an acute reflection of the national problem in health care delivery resulting from fast urbanization of the population, accelerated development in engineering, medicine, and biology, and increased specialization of medical manpower (Stumbo, 1975). By building health care facilities on a satellite basis, installing tele-medical networks, improving utilization of scarce resources of health manpower, campaigning for preventive health care, spreading health care education, providing low cost health insurance coverage, developing HMOs, and/or using other strategies, this problem may be approached (Bandyopadhyay, 1975). However, rural communities should plan together in developing integrated and coordinated health care delivery systems over county or multi-county regions in order to have a population base large enough to support the system (Martin, Rockoff, and Polansky, 1975).
Safety and Efficacy of Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum in the Treatment of Acute-Phase Peyronie's Disease.

Abstract Background Peyronie’s disease (PD), defined as the abnormal formation of fibrous plaque(s) in the tunica albuginea of the penis, is a chronic condition that afflicts 3% to 13% of the US male population; there is no current research on the efficacy and safety of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) in the treatment of acute phase PD. Aim To examine the efficacy and safety of CCH in the treatment of acute-phase PD. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records for all patients treated with CCH for PD from April 2014 through April 2017. Patients who reported penile pain and duration of PD no longer than 12 months at presentation qualified as being in the acute phase of PD. The primary outcomes of interest were final changes in curvature after CCH treatment regardless of the number of CCH cycles received and frequency of treatment-related adverse events. Outcomes Parameters of efficacy and safety were compared between acute- and stable-phase PD. Results A total of 162 patients were included in the study, of which 36 (22%) qualified as having acute-phase PD (group 1) and the remaining 126 (78%) qualified as having stable-phase PD (group 2). Median duration of PD was 8.5 months (range = 1–12) for group 1 and 18 months (range = 1–492) for group 2. There was no significant difference in final change in curvature between the acute and stable phases of PD (16.7° vs 15.6°; P = .654). There was no statistically significant difference in frequency of treatment-related adverse events between the acute phase (4 patients, 11%) and the stable phase (12 patients, 10%; P = .778). Clinical Implications CCH therapy is as safe and efficacious in acute-phase PD as it is in stable-phase PD. Strengths and Limitations This is the first report that assesses the safety and efficacy of CCH therapy focusing on acute-phase PD. This study was composed of a large cohort of patients receiving CCH therapy in acute- and stable-phase PD. Limitations include bias associated with retrospective studies, a small sample, and a single-center setting. Conclusions Although CCH is not clearly indicated for treatment during the acute phase of PD, these results suggest that CCH use during this phase can be effective and safe. There was no statistically significant difference in final change in curvature or treatment-related adverse events after CCH therapy delivered between the acute and stable phases of PD. Nguyen HMT, Anaissie J, DeLay KJ, et al. Safety and Efficacy of Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum in the Treatment of Acute-Phase Peyronie’s Disease. J Sex Med 2017;14:1220–1225.
The impact of appointment-based medication synchronization on medication taking behaviour and health outcomes: A systematic review.

SummaryWhat is known and objective Proactive synchronization of medication refills through an appointment-based model (ABM) is a community pharmacy-based intervention targeting adherence to medications. We aimed to systematically review evidence on the impact of the ABM on medication taking behaviour, health resource utilization, clinical outcomes and the preferences of patients and providers. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search of MEDLINE and Scopus from database inception through 6 February 2017. Studies were included if they were original investigations evaluating the impact of the ABM on at least one outcome of interest and published in the peer-reviewed literature as a full-text manuscript in the English language. Outcomes included medication taking behaviour, clinical and economic outcomes, health resource utilization, and patient or provider satisfaction. Data were synthesized qualitatively. Results Five studies, mostly observational in design and with low risk of bias, were included. Objective measures of medication taking behaviour were consistently improved in patients enrolled in an ABM vs control, indicating an association between appointment-based medication synchronization with improved adherence and decreased likelihood of non-persistence. A single decision analysis indicates a cost savings over 1 year associated with the appointment-based medication synchronization programme modelled, for hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia. Limited data regarding health resource utilization and clinical outcomes and patient or provider satisfaction exist and are currently inconclusive. What is new and conclusion The ABM provides a unique, patient-centred service to improve medication adherence amongst patients taking chronic medications while demonstrating a positive financial return on investment. Future research is needed to determine the impact of the ABM on final health outcomes.
An Approach to Supervision for Doctoral and Entry-Level Group Counseling Students

The purpose of this article is to provide a supervision approach to experiential groups that replaces professors with doctoral students in the chain of supervision, enlists a faculty member to provide supervision of supervision to the doctoral students, and translates supervision theory to meet the unique needs of group counseling supervision. This approach begins with an explanation of experiential training groups and reasons for group supervision, continues with a discussion of adapting supervision models for group supervision, and concludes with reflections and the authors’ recommendations for programs trying to navigate group counseling supervision issues.
Parkinson disease polygenic risk score is associated with Parkinson disease status and age at onset but not with alpha-synuclein cerebrospinal fluid levels.

The genetic architecture of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is complex and not completely understood. Multiple genetic studies to date have identified multiple causal genes and risk loci. Nevertheless, most of the expected genetic heritability remains unexplained. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) may provide greater statistical power and inform about the genetic architecture of multiple phenotypes. The aim of this study was to test the association between PRS and PD risk, age at onset and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (α-synuclein, Aβ1–42, t-tau and p-tau). The weighted PRS was created using the genome-wide loci from Nalls et al., 2014 PD GWAs meta-analysis. The PRS was tested for association with PD status, age at onset and CSF biomarker levels in 829 cases and 432 controls of European ancestry. The PRS was associated with PD status (p = 5.83×10−08) and age at onset (p = 5.70×10−07). The CSF t-tau levels showed a nominal association with the PRS (p = 0.02). However, CSF α-synuclein, amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau were not found to be associated with the PRS. Our study suggests that there is an overlap in the genetic architecture of PD risk and onset, although the different loci present different weights for those phenotypes. In our dataset we found a marginal association of the PRS with CSF t-tau but not with α-synuclein CSF levels, suggesting that the genetic architecture for the CSF biomarker levels is different from that of PD risk.
Clinical hypnosis in palliative care.

The January 2018 issue of Annals of Palliative Medicine is a focused issue entitled, “Clinical Hypnosis in Palliative Care: Neural Correlates, Clinical, Psychological and Spiritual Therapies” that is guest edited by Dr. Maria Paola Brugnoli. Dr. Brugnoli is on the Interdisciplinary Research Team in Neurobioethics and the UNESCO Chair at Pontifical Athenaeum Regina Apostolorum in Roma, Italy.
Readings That Rock Our Worlds

During doctoral programs, many scholars have experiences with texts that disrupt, that interrupt, that somehow open up unforeseen ways of being, thinking, feeling, and knowing. In this article, we provide short contributions from a wide swath of scholars who explore the many ways reading can change everything, electrifying us with possibilities of what might be thinkable now, and terrifying us because ideas and knowledge that we’d held dear all of a sudden feel tenuous and fragile. In short, reading rocks our worlds and, as a result, shapes the kind of inquiry we do.
Fear of etiolation in the age of professional passion

ABSTRACTRecent analysis of academia credits neoliberalism for its destabilization. Neoliberalism alone does not explain academics’ conflicted attachments to a precarious professional life or the te...