cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The detection of slow stimulus movement in 2- to 5-month-olds.

Abstract Preferences for moving over static bars were assessed in 8-, 16-, and 20-weckold human infants. The display consisted of two adjacent horizontal bars one of which moved with one of four velocities (0.70, 1.4, 2.8, or 5.6°/s) through one of four distances (11, 22, 44, or 88 arcmin) before reversing and traveling in the other direction at the same velocity. No significant preferences for motion were obtained at 8 weeks. At both 16 and 20 weeks of age, however, preferences for motion were determined exclusively by the velocity of the movement and were unaffected by the excursion of the bar. The minimum velocities that elicited significant preferences for motion were 5.08°/s and 2.32°/s at 16 and 20 weeks of age, respectively. The more attentive 20-week-olds, however, showed significant preferences for motion above a velocity of approximately 1.8°/s. The addition of static reference bars had little influence on these preferences for motion in 20-week-olds: preferences were again related exclusively to the velocity of the bar's movement. The results are discussed in terms of the development of motion-sensitive mechanisms within the visual system.
Cytosolic free calcium in lymphoblasts from young, aged and Alzheimer subjects.

Abstract Altered cellular calcium homeostasis may be important in the pathophysiology of aging and Alzheimer's disease. Calcium transport by freshly isolated lymphocytes declines with Alzheimer's disease compared with age-matched controls. To determine if these changes occur in the absence of complications due to drugs, diet or any of the other variables that are dependent upon the state of the patients, cytosolic free calcium ([Ca 2+ ] i ) was determined in cultured lymphoblasts from young and aged control subjects, as well as from Alzheimer patients. Lymphoblast [Ca 2+ ] i was determined with the fluorescent probe fura-2 in either the presence or absence of serum. In cells that were grown in serum free medium, neither growth rates nor [Ca 2+ ] i varied between groups. Growing cells in serum containing medium doubled growth rats and [Ca 2+ ] i . However, [Ca 2+ ] i from young, aged and Alzheimer groups were still similar. Thus, an age- or Alzheimer-related alteration in [Ca 2+ ] i does not occur in cultured lymphoblasts.
Plant Regeneration from Protoplasts and Cell Cultures of Nicotiana tabacum Sulfur Mutant (Su/Su)

Summary The sulfur locus of Nicotiana tabacum segregates in a 1:2:1 ratio for green (su/su) : yellow-green (Su/su) : albino (Su/Su).Shoot cultures were initiated from leaf tissue of the albino on MS-agar with 1 μM benzyladenine and subcultured on the same medium. Cell suspension cultures were established from callus of leaf tissue of the albino (Su/Su) mutant.Plant regeneration was easily achieved from cell cultures on MS-agar medium with 1 or 5 uM benzyladenine.The chromosome number of the cell culture has remained diploid 2n=48 and the plant regenerating capacity has persisted for more than two years.Protoplasts were isolated routinely from the cells and cultured.The protoplast-derived cells regenerated plants at a high frequency.Although the plants formed roots, they were unable to survive in pots in the absence of sugar.The shoots were propagated on MS-agar with 1 μM benzyladenine.Root development occurred in the MS-agar without hormones, but bolting and flower formation was not observed. Isoenzyme analyses of 8 enzymes were performed on materials of the green, yellowgreen and albino plants as well as the albino cell culture.There were characteristic variations in most of the zymograms of the different tissue extracts.Ultrastructural examinations revealed the presence of two types of plastids in the albino leaf material based on variations in internal structures.
Evolved Stars in the Galactic Globular Cluster M55 (NGC 6809)

We have compiled the asymptotic giant, horizontal, and upper red giant branch (AGB, HB, and RGB) stars in the globular cluster M55 (NGC 6809). Using the star counts and the R-parameter we compute the initial helium abundance Y = 0.274 ± 0.016. The R2 = NAGB/NHB ratio (0.156 ± 0.023) is unusually high for a globular cluster, being almost 2 σ away from the predicted values, and the R1 = NAGB/NRGB ratio (0.272 ± 0.047) is the highest recorded for a massive globular cluster. We argue that M55's particular HB morphology and metallicity have produced long-lived HB stars that are not too blue to avoid producing AGB stars. This result hints that we are able to map evolutionary effects on the HB. Finally, although we find no evidence of variations in HB morphology with distance from the center of the cluster, the red HB stars are significantly less concentrated than the majority of HB stars, and the bluest HB stars are more centrally concentrated.
The nonsurgical diagnosis of adenomyosis.

Objective: To survey the nonsurgical diagnostic techniques for distinguishing adenomyosis, and to determine whether one technique offers diagnostic advantages. Data Sources: We conducted a thorough search of the MEDLINE data base and identified English-language papers on adenomyosis published during the last 28 years. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also examined for additional source documents. Methods of Study Selection: We reviewed 238 articles. Papers on nonsurgical diagnostic techniques published in peer-reviewed journals were selected for inclusion. Data Extraction and Synthesis: We determined nonsurgical diagnostic techniques for distinguishing adenomyosis to be hysterosalpingography, abdominal ultrasound, transvaginal sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Studies were divided into these four categories, reviewed, and summarized accordingly. Recent reports suggest that noninvasive modalities, eg, transvaginal sonography and MRI, have made possible the nonsurgical diagnosis of adenomyosis. Conclusion: Because of its widespread availability and patient tolerance, transvaginal sonography remains the primary screening modality for imaging the female pelvis. However, for cases in which sonography cannot detect adenomyosis, MRI provides a viable alternative and should be the definitive diagnostic modality of choice.
Quantum Chemistry Study of the Oxidation-Induced Decomposition of Tetramethylene Sulfone (TMS) Dimer and TMS/BF4-

T he oxidation-induced decomposition reactions of tetramethylene sulfone (TMS), its dimer and a TMS/BF4 - complex were studied using M05-2X and LC-ωPBE density functionals in conjunction w ith a polarized continuum model (PCM). The presence of an anion or another TMS molecule near a TMS molecule was found to dramatically reduce the barriers for the initial step of the oxidation decomposition reactions of TMS and changed the order of the oxidation reactions and products. Specifically, the barrier for the H-abstraction reaction of TMS was reduced from 0.9-1.0 eV for isolated TMS to 0.1-0.2 eV in the TMS dimer. The presence of BF4 - near TMS also reduced the barriers for both the TMS ring opening and the H-abstraction reactions. The most kinetically active reactions were (a) the TMS ring opening with a fluorine transfer from BF4 - to the open TMS ring in the TMS/BF4 - complex and (b) the intramolecular H-transfer from a methylene group to the sulfone oxygen in a TMS dimer. In the oxidized TMS2, the Htransfer reaction was assisted by the SO 2-group from the neighboring TMS molecule. The ability of the M05-2X and LCωPBE density functionals to accurately describe TMS o xidation reactions was benchmarked through a comparison with the composite G4MP2 theory.
Stability criteria for lasers with mixed line broadening

The stability criteria governing the behaviour of laser oscillators are becoming increasingly well understood, and it is found that for practical applications two types of criteria must usually be distinguished. For lasers in the inhomogeneous limit these two types are essentially equal, and this study explores their behaviour as the degree of inhomogeneous broadening is varied. All lasers exhibit a combination of homogeneous and inhomogeneous line broadening, and the graphical results presented here may be used for predicting or interpreting single-mode instabilities in practical oscillators with arbitrary mixed line broadening.
Start With the Syllabus: HELPing Learners Learn Through Class Content Collaboration

In this teaching reflection, the author discusses the benefits of incorporating learners’ input into classroom content design, starting with the syllabus, to invite a more democratic learning process. She suggests four guiding questions teachers can employ throughout their courses, working with learners to create a collaborative classroom culture and encouraging individual and group creativity, while connecting the course content and material to students’ multiple learning styles and everyday lives.
Lung Epithelial Progenitor Cells: Lessons from Development

The current enthusiasm for stem cell research stems from the hope that damaged or diseased tissues may one day be repaired through the manipulation of endogenous or exogenous stem cells. The postnatal human respiratory system is highly accessible and provides unique opportunities for the application of such techniques. Several putative adult lung epithelial stem cells have been identified in the mouse model system. However, their in vivo capabilities to contribute to different lineages, and their control mechanisms, remain unclear. If stem cell-based therapies are to be successful in the lung, it is vitally important that we understand the normal behavior of adult lung stem cells, and how this is regulated. Lung embryonic progenitor cells are much better defined and characterized than their adult counterparts. Moreover, experiments on a variety of developing tissues are beginning to uncover general mechanisms by which embryonic progenitors influence final organ size and structure. This provides a framework for the study of lung embryonic progenitor cells, facilitating experimental design and interpretation. A similar approach to investigating adult lung stem cells could produce rapid advances in the field.
Cross-cultural influences on women in the IT workforce

A review of 862 papers published in SIGMIS/CPR proceedings over the past 44 years revealed only 29 articles that focused on gender and the IT workforce or gender and IT education, the majority of which were presented at the 2003 conference whose theme was diversity in the IT workforce. Therefore, in response to the call for papers to extend our understanding of topics central to computer personnel research, we present data from our field study of gender and IT that is directed at understanding differing cross-cultural influences on female experiences in the IT workforce. Four themes emerged from analysis of data from four separate studies of women in the IT workforces in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States: motherhood and careers, career choice, family dynamics and gender stereotypes. Analysis of interviews with 167 women reveals a wide range of influences on women's choice of an IT career. These results lend empirical support to the individual differences theory of gender and IT as an alternative to essentialist or social construction theories.
Electromagnetic structure of the proton, partons, and the rise in the total pp cross section

A model in which partons scatter diffractively from hadrons is suggested which gives excellent fits to real and virtual photoabsorption and to the rise in the total $\mathrm{pp}$ cross-section. We discuss why a well-known sum rule diverges and show how it can be used to estimate ${F}_{2}(0)$.
Should we address the neopulmonic valve? Significance of right-sided obstruction after surgery for transposition of the great arteries and coarctation.

Background The combination of transposition of the great arteries and coarctation of the aorta (TGA/CoA) presents a surgical challenge. We have adopted a concurrent aortic arch repair and arterial switch operation with excellent results. These patients tend to have a small aortic (ie, neopulmonary) annulus. This study evaluates the significance of right-sided obstruction after single-stage repair of TGA/CoA. Methods Between May 1991 and May 2006, 53 patients with TGA/CoA or Taussig-Bing/CoA (n = 20; 38%) underwent a complete single-stage repair. Surgical technique involved the arterial switch operation and ventricular septal defect closure when present in 51 patients (96%). The aortic arch was enlarged in 36 patients (75%) with patch augmentation. Two patients (4%) underwent the augmentation of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) at the first operation. Results There was one hospital death (operative mortality, 1.9%) and one late death. The difference between the preoperative aortic and pulmonary annulus was significant (6.7 vs 10.4 mm, p Conclusions Neonatal single-stage repair for TGA/CoA achieves excellent survival without transannular patch repair at the first operation. Although some of the patients have pressure gradient across the RVOT, these lesions were amenable to reintervention with minimal morbidity.
The Cognitive Control of Behavior: A Comparison of Systematic Desensitization and Hypnotically-Induced “Directed Experience” Techniques

27 student volunteers were equally divided into three experimental groups: (a) Direct Experience Hypnotic Technique (DET); (b) Systematic Desensitization (SD); and (c) Control. Pre- and post-treatment scores on the Mandler-Sarason Test Anxiety Questionnaire and the Fear Survey Schedule were compared among the three groups. A significant reduction in anxiety was noted, primarily due to the DET group treatment. A similar change occurred in the fear scores. Implications for further research are discussed.
Collective modes in charge-density-wave superconductors

We investigate the coupling of the collective modes of a coexistent incommensurate charge-density-wave (CDW) superconductor (SC). We use a gauge-invariant random-phase approximation that correctly includes screening to treat both the amplitude and phase modes of the coupled system. Unlike previous work, the SC and CDW orderings are treated fully self-consistently, on an equal footing, and it is found that the only significant coupling is between the CDW and SC amplitude modes. We obtain qualitative agreement with Raman scattering data on Nb${\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$. The phase modes should not display any new structure in addition to that corresponding to pure CDW and pure superconducting order.
Headspace GC–MS Analysis of Halogenated Volatile Organic Compounds in Aqueous Samples: An Experiment for General Chemistry Laboratory

Analysis of halogenated volatile organic compounds (HVOCs) by GC–MS demonstrates the use of instrumentation in the environmental analysis of pollutant molecules and enhances student understanding of stable isotopes in nature. In this experiment, students separated and identified several HVOCs that have been implicated as industrial groundwater contaminants and deduced the isotopic content by analyzing the molecular ion region of the mass spectra. The HVOCs were analyzed by direct sampling of the headspace vapor over a dilute aqueous solution, which is designed to simulate a contaminated groundwater sample. The rapid headspace sampling and analysis allowed completion of the experiment by many lab classes per week. The impact of the lab was assessed using online surveys before and after the lab that queried student perceptions of their understanding, skills, and attitudes toward science and chemistry. The surveys showed noticeable gains in understanding and skills; however, few changes in attitudes were see...
The effects of plasma diffusion and viscosity on turbulent instability growth

We perform two-dimensional simulations of strongly–driven compressible Rayleigh–Taylor and Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities with and without plasma transport phenomena, modeling plasma species diffusion, and plasma viscosity in order to determine their effects on the growth of the hydrodynamic instabilities. Simulations are performed in hydrodynamically similar boxes of varying sizes, ranging from 1 μm to 1 cm in order to determine the scale at which plasma effects become important. Our results suggest that these plasma effects become noticeable when the box size is approximately 100 μm, they become significant in the 10 μm box, and dominate when the box size is 1 μm. Results suggest that plasma transport may be important at scales and conditions relevant to inertial confinement fusion, and that a plasma fluid model is capable of representing some of the kinetic transport effects.
Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for nimesulide.

Abstract An improved, validated HPLC assay was developed for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, nimesulide. In contrast to previous methods, the present assay requires smaller plasma volumes (0.2 ml) and utilizes a commercially available, structurally similar analogue of nimesulide, NS-398. The method involves a liquid–liquid extraction procedure that can be completed within 4 h, followed by reversed-phase HPLC analysis. Briefly, the extraction protocol required toluene extraction of acidified plasma samples, followed by back-extraction of the retained toluene phase with aqueous base. The retained aqueous alkaline phase was concentrated by toluene re-extraction. The retained toluene phase was evaporated to dryness and reconstituted with 100 μl of mobile phase. Extracted samples were injected (50 μl) onto a Shandon Hypersil BDS C18 column (5 μm particle size; 250×4.6 mm) equilibrated with 1.0 ml/min of 68:32 (v/v) methanol–citrate (0.08 M)–phosphate (0.04 M) buffer (pH 3.0) at room temperature, with detection at 240 nm. The chromatographic run time was 12 min with retention times of 5.9 min and 9.1 min for nimesulide and NS-398, respectively. The analytical method was successfully utilized for a pilot pharmacokinetic study.
Are Banks Risk-averse?

The paper investigates, and estimates, banks’ risk aversion that is factored into the spread between the interest rate on time deposits and the interest rate on non-time deposits. The estimation results indicate that the relative risk aversion coefficient estimates of individual banks fall between 0 and 1, but mostly around 0.2, thereby indicating that banks are risk-averse but close to being risk-neutral.
Fully symmetric nulling beam combiners

A simple method of nulling broadband light is presented. A mirror-symmetric pair of right-angle periscopes is first used to introduce a geometric field flip between two incident light beams, after which the light is combined by means of one of a number of constructive two-beam interferometers. A reciprocal pair of beam-splitter passages provides for complete symmetry. Such an approach greatly eases beam-splitter design requirements and should find use both in initial ground-based nulling experiments and ultimately in space-borne interferometers targeted at direct extrasolar planet detection.
Chronic opioids impair acquisition of both radial maze and Y-maze choice escape.

Chronic morphine impaired acquisition of two dissimilar behavioral tasks. In the radial maze, the performance of saline-treated and morphine-treated groups diverged with the latter failing to improve despite extensive training. In contrast, rats treated with naltrexone became skilled in the procedure 2–4 times as rapidly as saline controls. Withdrawal of treatment significantly improved performance of morphine-treated rats, with no change for rats treated with saline or naltrexone. When a second group of rats was extensively trained prior to instituting chronic morphine treatment, performance scores were not affected, suggesting that morphine does not impair spatial working memory despite subjective evidence of other gross behavioral effects, such as ataxia. In the Y-maze choice escape task, acquisition of a response strategy was significantly impaired in rats that had been previously treated with morphine for 17–21 days, despite clear indications that morphine-treated rats were sensitive to the aversive stimulus.
Developing alternative farm plans for cropping system decision making

Abstract Declining trend of domestic food production has led to the establishment of a national agricultural programme under the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) in Nigeria. The programme is envisaged to result in increased food production by engaging educated persons in food crop farming. The programme participants, due to their level of education, are also expected to be more efficient in their use of farm resources. In this study, we have generated optimal farm plans for NDE farmers in three different locations in Ondo state, Nigeria, assessed the resource-use efficiency of the sampled farmers, and provided alternative farm plans that are nearly-optimal, and more likely to be acceptable to the farmers when considerations for risk and uncertainty are introduced, using an approach known as Modelling to Generate Alternatives (MGA). Results of our analyses suggested sole cropping as the optimal cropping system for the three locations and non-attainment of optimal gross margins ranged from 24 to 37% among the locations. Although the optimal plans suggested sole cropping, the alternative farm plans provided for mixed cropping when the resulting gross margins were allowed to decrease by as little as 1% from the optimal values. These alternative plans represent various levels of enterprise diversification depending on a particular farmer's risk attitude.
Regional training-induced alterations in diaphragmatic oxidative and antioxidant enzymes

Abstract We examined the relationship between the intensity and duration of exercise training and the up-regulation of diaphragmatic oxidative and antioxidant enzyme activities. Nine groups of rats exercised for 10 weeks (4days/week). Groups of animals exercised at three intensities (low, moderate, and high); at each exercise intensity, a group of animals ran at one of three exercise durations (30, 60, and 90 min/day). Sedentary animals served as controls. Muscle oxidative capacity was assessed by citrate synthase (CS) activity while antioxidant capacity was evaluated by total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities. All intensities and durations of exercise training promoted significant (P 0.05) crural diaphragm GPX activity. We conclude that the training threshold for up-regulation of oxidative and antioxidant enzyme activities differs between the costal and crural diaphragm.
Observation of quartet-state fine structures and lifetimes in lithiumlike Ne VIII

Wavelength and lifetime measurements for the fine-structure components of the $1s2s2p^{4}P^{o}\ensuremath{-}1s2{p}^{2}^{4}P$ multiplet in lithiumlike Ne VIII have been made using foil excitation of a fast-ion beam. The results are compared with recent theoretical calculations and with previous measurements for other ions of the same isoelectronic s\"equence. An apparent discrepancy between theory and experiment for the $1s2{p}^{2}^{4}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ lifetime is removed.
Sequence-specific targeting of duplex DNA by peptide nucleic acids via triplex strand invasion.

Because of a set of exceptional chemical, physical, and biological properties, polyamide or peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) hold a distinctive position among various synthetic ligands designed for DNA-targeting purposes. Cationic pyrimidine PNAs (cpyPNAs) represent a special group of PNAs, which effectively form strand invasion triplexes with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) also known as P-loops. Extraordinary stability of the invasion triplexes and high sequence specificity of their formation combined with local opening of the DNA double helix within the P-loops make these complexes very attractive for sequence-specific manipulation with dsDNA. Important for applications is the fact that the discrimination between correct and mismatched binding sites in dsDNA by cpyPNAs is a nonequilibrium, kinetically controlled process. Therefore, a careful choice of experimental conditions that are optimal for the kinetic discrimination of correct versus mismatched cpyPNA binding is crucial for sequence-specific recognition of dsDNA by cpyPNAs. The experimental and theoretical data presented make it possible to select those solution parameters and cpyPNA constructions that are most favorable for sequence specificity without compromising the affinity of dsDNA targeting.
Negotiating with the Swazis

The student of conflict resolution will reach a point where it becomes necessary to know some of the pertinent styles of negotiation as practiced by individual nations. To that end, the present analysis details the Swazi cultural style of negotiation and conflict resolution.
Cortisol responses of pallid sturgeon and yellow perch following challenge with lipopolysaccharide

Plasma cortisol responses of pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus and yellow perch Perca flavescens following injection with equal doses of lipopolysaccharide were compared. Concentrations of cortisol in plasma from pallid sturgeon did not change following injection (6·0–11·0 v. 6·4 ng l−1 pre-stress) while in yellow perch plasma they were shown to increase up to 6 h (117·0 v. 9·8 ng l−1 pre-stress) after the injection. These results are consistent with other reports for pallid sturgeon that illustrate a reduced cortisol response following other applied stressors relative to teleosts and suggest differences in the expression and regulation of their inflammatory responses.
Multilateral negotiations: a spatial analysis of the Arab–Israeli dispute

A model for forecasting political choices and for explaining the perceptual conditions that lead to those choices is delineated. The model, based on the median voter theorem and on the axioms of expected utility maximization, is applied to the prospects for a multilateral peace conference in the Middle East. The analysis helps provide insights into the motivations behind recent actions by leaders in the Soviet Union, the United States, Jordan, the Palestine Liberation Organization, and Israel.By viewing multilateral negotiations in a rational choice context, it is possible to elucidate the contents of calculations that reflect decision makers' considerations if they are trying to do what they believe is in their best interest. By modeling the decision process and then using comparative statics simulations, it is also possible to discern when perceptions and reality are likely to deviate from each other and to gauge the hypothesized responses of all the actors to changed circumstances. In this way, the likely impact of Soviet moderation, Israeli intransigence, Jordanian vacillation, or U.S. intervention can be identified.
Attachment, Social Support, and Responses following the Death of a Companion Animal

This research tested hypotheses concerning attachment, social support, and grief responses to the loss of animal companionship. Participants whose companion cat or dog had recently died (N = 429) c...
366 FAMILIAL AGGREGATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN NEWBORN INFANTS

The blood pressures and pulse rates of 398 normal full term sleeping infants and their mothers were measured two to four days after birth using an ultrasound Doppler device with a print out recorder. The mean systolic and diastolic (K4 & K5) blood pressure were 72.3 ± 10.1, 52.4 ± 8.4 and 49.0 ± 8.3 mm Hg respectively. Birth weight was correlated with systolic and muffle (K4) blood pressure (p<0.001 & <0.05 respectively), but not with disappearance (K5) blood pressure. The pulse rates of black infants were significantly higher than those of white infants (p = 0.006), but were not correlated with blood pressure. Sex, race, body length and type of feeding did not influence infant's blood pressure. Maternal systolic and diastolic (K5) blood pressure correlated weakly with infant's systolic and diastolic (K5) blood pressure (regression coefficient 0.123, p <0.05 and 0.113, p <0.05 respectively). Significant correlation was also found for maternal against infant's diastolic blood pressure at one month home visit (K4 = 0.302, p< 0.001, K5 = 0.264, p <0.01). Thus a familial effect on blood pressure can be detected as early as the first few days of life.
Zeeman Effect in Rotational Spectra of Asymmetric-Rotor Molecules

The theory of rotational molecular magnetic moments is applied to the study of the Zeeman effect in microwave rotational spectra of asymmetric-rotor molecules. Measurements on absorption lines of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O, ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$O, and HDO are used to verify the theory, and the gyromagnetic tensors associated with these molecules are deduced. A discussion of electronic perturbation of rotational energy levels is appended.
An Investigation of Current Secondary Reading Programs

While there has been growing interest in the last few years to address the literacy needs of adolescents, this interest comes when alarming numbers of students are challenged by academic literacy demands in high school. Many students entering high school without passing state assessment examinations are required to take developmental reading classes. While we have made strides in documenting the need for competent reading teachers and in understanding what secondary reading programs should look like, our understandings about these reading programs and the teachers in these programs are sporadic and ill defined. This investigation examined 21 high school teachers' preparation to teach struggling readers, the methods and materials they were using, and their own perspectives about the nature of their programs.
More Power to the Executive? A Preliminary Test of CBT Plus Executive Skills Training for Treatment of Late-Life GAD

Abstract One hypothesized reason for the lower rates of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) response among older as compared to younger anxiety patients is that they are more likely to show age-related deficits in executive skills, which are complex cognitive skills involved in the regulation of negative affect. Following an 8-week baseline period, this pilot study tested CBT augmented with an executive skills training program, Attention Process Training II ( Sohlberg et al., 2001 , Sohlberg and Mateer, 2001 ) against standard CBT in a small sample of 8 older adults with generalized anxiety disorder (comorbidity allowed) and low scores on executive skills tests. Those who received the augmented version (CBT/APT) evidenced more improvement on executive skills and a weekly process measure of worry than those who received CBT. All of the participants in CBT/APT, as compared to half the participants in CBT, met criteria for response, and more in CBT/APT met criteria for high endstate functioning at posttreatment and follow-up. It may be fruitful to test the intervention in a larger sample, and to continue to investigate the role of executive skills in CBT outcome and anxiety treatment.
Blurred Lines: Familial and Entrepreneurial Logics in a Family Technology Venture

Separate logics inform the perceptions and behaviors of entrepreneurial ventures and family businesses. These logics are distinct and often in conflict. Prior work, however, has devoted limited attention to understanding family technology ventures (FTVs) – technology ventures combining both “familial” and “entrepreneurial” logics. Moreover, it is not clear how such firms manage the tension between competing logics, and perceptions associated with them, in order to acquire resources. In an inductive, single-case study of a family technology-focused venture, we examine the strategies family executives use to cope with opposing logics and influence the perceptions of resource providers. We find that family executives engage in several strategies, comprised of discourse and concrete actions, in order to navigate – and leverage – the tensions arising from competing organizational logics.
Not Part of the Plan

When we consider expanding the Computer Society or IEEE, we ultimately face some aspect of the immigrant experience, of moving across cultural boundaries. The Web extra at http://youtu.be/AsY3GSMNx9M is a video segment in which author David Alan Grier expands on his Errant Hashtag column, in which he discusses the importance of making computer certification programs easy to access for people of all walks of life.
Antiferromagnetism in Mn0.27Co0.73Cl2·6H2O

Abstract The specific heat of Mn 0.27 Co 0.73 Cl 2 ·6H 2 O has been measured in the temperature range 1.4 K to 4.4 K. A λ-type anomaly was observed at 2.10 K, corresponding to an antiferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition. Approximately 50% of the entropy is recovered above the Neel temperature. Using the specific heat data, a calculated sublattice magnetization was obtained and compared to several statistical models.
Polypeptide specific for cells with adenovirus 2-SV40 hybrid Ad2+ND1.

STABLE transformation occurs in cells in which the simian virus 40 (SV40) genome is permanently established1,2. The expression of only a part of the viral genome seems sufficient to maintain the transformed state. This is supported by the finding that in most transformed cell lines only a fraction of the viral genome is transcribed3,4 and only non-structural virus specific antigens (U (ref. 5), Τ (ref. 6), TSTA (ref. 7)) can be detected in all transformed cells. The lack of detectable structural virus proteins suggests that non-structural virus gene products are involved in transformation. That the non-structural viral proteins represent only a minor fraction of the total proteins in transformed as well as in productively infected cells constitutes a major obstacle for their identification and characterization8.
Human papillomavirus-associated digital squamous cell carcinoma: Literature review and report of 21 new cases

Abstract Objective: Our aim was to review the clinical behavior of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated digital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Specifically, we examined evidence for the tumor's (1) infectious origin and spread, (2) response to therapy, and (3) prognosis and metastatic risk. Design: We reviewed and performed data tabulation of all 51 reported cases in the English-language literature and a case series of 23 cases (21 of them not previously reported). We present 2 of the cases in depth. Setting: We used previously reported cases from MEDLINE and a case series from a single dermatologic operation practice from 1985 to 1999. Results: (1) Of all cases, 10% (7/72) had an antecedent genital dysplasia or carcinoma containing the same HPV subtype as the digital SCC. (2) The rate of recurrence after general surgical therapy was 43% (6/14). After Mohs micrographic surgery the recurrence rate was 13% (2/16) for the cases in the literature, and 26% (6/23) for our case series. (3) Of tumors, 3% (2/72) have been observed to metastasize. Conclusions: (1) This suggests the possibility of genital-digital spread as a mechanism of tumor genesis. (2) HPV-associated digital SCC is more likely to recur after surgical treatment than previously reported. This rate of recurrence greatly exceeds that for cutaneous SCCs in general and may be caused by residual postsurgical HPV. (3) The rate of metastasis, however, appears to be low. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;48:385-93.)
Measurement and performance of a cognitive packet network

Abstract As the size of the Internet grows by orders of magnitude both in terms of users, number of IP addresses, and number of routers, and as the links we use (be they wired, optical or wireless) continuously evolve and provide varying reliability and quality of service, the IP based network architecture that we know so well will have to evolve and change. Both scalability and QoS have become key issues. We are currently conducting a research project that revisits the IP routing architecture issues and proposes new designs for routers. As part of this effort, this paper discusses a packet network architecture called a cognitive packet network (CPN), in which intelligent capabilities for routing and flow control are moved towards the packets, rather than being concentrated in the nodes. In this paper we outline the design of the CPN architecture, and discuss the quality-of-service based routing algorithm that we have designed and implemented. We then present our test-bed and report on extensive measurement experiments that we have conducted.
EFFICIENT PHASE-FIELD SIMULATION OF QUANTUM DOT FORMATION IN A STRAINED HETEROEPITAXIAL FILM

Abstract A Cahn–Hilliard evolution equation possessing a source term is employed to study the morphological evolution of a strained heteroepitaxial thin film, during continuous mass deposition, on a substrate with an embedded coherent island. The elastic properties and the surface energy are anisotropic, with the surface energy anisotropy being strong enough to result in missing orientations and facets. A sophisticated finite-difference/multigrid method and an implicit time integration scheme are combined to make an efficient numerical method, one which enables numerically tractable computation in both two and three dimensions. Herein we present preliminary two-dimensional results demonstrating the utility of our finite difference/multigrid algorithms. The strain localization effects produced by a buried, coherent inclusion are shown to produce laterally organized quantum dots during the morphological evolution of the film.
LONG-TERM RESULTS OF TOTAL PENILE RECONSTRUCTION WITH A PREFABRICATED LATERAL ARM FREE FLAP

AbstractPurpose: We present 5-year followup results of patients who underwent total penile reconstruction with a prefabricated lateral arm free flap technique.Materials and Methods: We treated 3 female-to-male transsexuals and a man with penile amputation with a 2-stage technique of total penile reconstruction. In the first stage the neourethra is constructed as a tubed skin graft incorporated in the territory of the lateral arm flap. Three to 6 months later the lateral arm flap with its well epithelialized conduit is fashioned into a penis, an inflatable prosthesis is incorporated and the construction is transferred to the pubis with vascular, urethral and nerve repairs.Results: In addition to the 2 surgical procedures required to construct the penis, the patients have required an average of 3 revisions. There were no complications beyond the first year postoperatively. All 4 patients are able to void in the standing position and are free of fistulas or strictures. The inflatable prosthesis allows them t...
Growth, Physiological Responses, and Evidence of Toxicity in Yearling Dairy Cattle Grazing Different Grasses

Abstract Three different sets of six or eight experimental grazing plots of approximately 1.2 ha each were used in 12 seasonal grazing trials with yearling dairy cattle by the put-and-take method during 12 years to evaluate the nutritive qualities of pure seedings of grasses. All grasses were fertilized and managed for good animal performance. Incidence and symptoms of fescue toxicity were noted. In the first three trials, the average daily gains, in order, for orchardgrass, smooth bromegrass, Kentucky 31 and Gl-43 tall fescue were 0.57, 0.60, 0.37, and 0.11 kg. Dry matter intake on Gl-43 fescue was reduced. Dry matter digestibilities were similar. In the 4th and 5th trials average daily gain on 45-50 tall fescue was reduced. In Trials 7 and 8 respiration rates and rectal temperatures were increased on 45-50 and Kenwell tall fescue. In Trials 9, 10, and 11 the values for Kentucky synthetic orchardgrass, Kentucky 31 tall fescue, and a perennial ryegrasstall fescue hybrid derivative were average daily gain 0.65, 0.76, and 0.36 kg; respiration rate 36, 36, and 56 per minute; and rectal temperature 39.5, 39.4, and 39.8 C. There were generally statistically significant differences between the fescues and the other grasses, though Kentucky 31 and Kenwell varieties had gains equal to the other non-fescue grasses in some years.
Generation and Asymmetry of Self-Dual Threshold Functions

Properties of self-dual threshold functions are discussed because of the importance of self-dual functions in threshold logic. Since any threshold function can be easily converted into or reduced from a positive self-dual threshold function, we will not lose generality in discussion by exploring the properties of positive self-dual threshold functions. First functions generated by additively or subtractively merging two variables of a positive self-dual threshold function are discussed. Expansions of a positive self-dual threshold function with respect to two variables are then shown, and the generation of functions based on them is discussed. The concepts of strongly asymmetrical selfdual threshold functions and its degree are introduced, and the relation of all self-dual threshold functions of fewer variables with strongly asymmetrical ones is shown. The above discussion enables the classification of threshold functions and the relation between threshold functions of n variables and those of more variables to be better seen.
Orthokeratology: Does it Live Up to Expectations?

VERNIGHT ORTHOKERATOLOGY IS A TECHNIQUE for correcting myopia and is more recently proposed for the prevention of myopic progression. It is potentially an alternative to laser in situ keratomileusis and may be offered to parents whose children are not candidates for refractive surgery and who are searching for an intervention that may lessen or ameliorate developing myopia. In this issue of the Journal, Koffler and Sears present a comprehensive review of overnight orthokeratology. 1 Clinical and theoretical issues remain, however, and this editorial will attempt to add perspective. Overnight orthokeratology works to correct myopia by flattening the cornea through a mechanism of central epithelial thinning. The corneal periphery becomes thicker, thereby enhancing the peripheral corneal curvature. Good vision is possible by 1 week, stabilizing by 1 month. Treatment effects appear to be transient unless retainer lenses are worn every 1-2 nights to maintain the flattening effect. 2 Overnight orthokeratology clearly alters the structural integrity of the epithelium. Following overnight orthokeratology, the central epithelium displays significant changes in the shape and size of apical cells. 3 These cells may lose the normal microprojections (plicae) that are absent in deeper layers. Animal models demonstrate increased adhesion of pseudomonas to surface cells, accompanied by thinning and reduced turnover of the epithelial complement. These factors, plus the compressive lens effect, may render the cornea more susceptible to microbial invasion. 4 Nieto-Bona and associates demonstrated that stromal keratocyte density is maintained and there are no endothelial cell density changes after 1 month to 1 year, but at 1 year polymegethism increased significantly and did not recover to baseline. 3 The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approval to 2 overnight orthokeratology lenses in 2002. Paragon (Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA) was approved for 6.00 spherical and 1.75 cylindrical correction. Euclid Systems (Bausch and Lomb, Rochester, New York, USA) was approved for 5.00 and 1.50, respectively. The Paragon premarket study included 218 subjects (and only 12 adolescents).The FDA Advisory Panel recommended approval for patients aged 18 years and older unless further safety data for younger eyes became available. No adolescents were studied in the Euclid Systems cohort. No cases of serious microbial keratitis were reported, but 1 infiltrate was treated. There were no cases of permanent vision loss. The FDA did not endorse the Advisory Panel recommendations and granted overnight orthokeratology approval without age restriction, stating there were no additional safety issues for adolescents as long as the lenses were used according to the approved labeling and were fit only by trained practitioners. 5 Overall, 11% of the premarket study cohort comprised adolescents aged 12-17 years old. 6 However the market for adolescents may be much larger. 7 A recentsurvey of overnightorthokeratology indicates fits represent 28% of all contact lenses prescribed
Differentiation of pleistocene deposits in northeastern Kansas by clay minerals

Seventy-four samples from eight stratigraphic sections of lower Pleistocene glacial and glaciofluvial deposits in Doniphan County, extreme northeastern Kansas, were analyzed using X-ray diffraction techniques. Clay-minera) assemblages of the <2 μ fraction of these deposits are nearly identica!, consisting of a mixed-layer clay minerai associated with minor amounts of kaolinite and illite.
Withdrawal from chronic intermittent ethanol treatment changes subunit composition, reduces synaptic function, and decreases behavioral responses to positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors.

One of the pharmacological targets of ethanol is the GABA A receptor (GABAR), whose function and expression are altered after chronic administration of ethanol. The details of the changes differ between experimental models. In the chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) model for alcohol dependence, rats are exposed to intermittent episodes of intoxicating ethanol and withdrawal, leading to a kindling-like state of behavioral excitability. This is accompanied by presumably causal changes in GABAR expression and physiology. The present study investigates further the effect of CIE on GABAR function and expression. CIE is validated as a model for human alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) by demonstrating increased level of anxiety; diazepam improved performance in the test. In addition, CIE rats showed remarkably reduced hypnotic response to a benzodiazepine and a steroid anesthetic, reduced sensitivity to a barbiturate, but not propofol. Immunoblotting revealed decrease in α1 and δ expression and increase in γ2 and α4 subunits in hippocampus of CIE rats, confirmed by an increase in diazepam-insensitive binding for ethyl-8-azido-5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-6-oxo-4H-imidazo(1,5-α)(1,4)benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate (Ro15-4513). Elevated mRNA levels were shown for the γ2S and γ1 subunits. Recordings in hippocampal slices from CIE rats revealed that the decay time of GABAR-mediated miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in CA1 pyramidal cells was decreased, and potentiation of mIPCSs by positive modulators of GABAR was also reduced compared with control rats. However, mIPSC potentiation by the α4-preferring benzodiazepine ligands bretazenil and Ro15-4513 was maintained, and increased, respectively. These data suggest that specific alterations in GABAR occur after CIE and may underlie the development of hyperexcitability and ethanol dependence.