cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of history of heart failure with hospital outcomes of hyperglycemic crises: Analysis from a University hospital and national cohort.

Abstract Aims The impact of a history of heart failure (HF) on the outcomes of hospitalization for hyperglycemic crises (diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome) is unknown. We aimed to test the hypothesis that a history of HF has a deleterious impact on the outcomes of hospitalization for hyperglycemic crises. Methods We used two different datasets: National Inpatient Sample database 2003–2014 and a single University hospital cohort 2007–2017, to identify all adult hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of hyperglycemic crises. Multivariable regression models were used to analyze the outcomes of in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay and transfer to nursing home or similar short-term facility between HF and no-HF hospitalizations. Results Of the 1, 570,726 hyperglycemic crises related hospitalizations, a history of HF was present in 57, 520 (3.6%) hospitalizations. After multivariable risk-adjustment, HF group had a higher observed in-hospital mortality [0.4% vs. 0.2%; adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.0, P Conclusions Patients with a history of HF may be an under-recognized high-risk group among patients hospitalized for hyperglycemic crisis. Additional studies are warranted to clarify risk elements and optimize the inpatient care of individuals with hyperglycemic crises.
Opioid and Non-opioid Therapy

Despite many advances made in the field of interventional pain management in the past decades, pharmacological therapy often remains the core of the spine pain multimodal treatment. It represents an indispensable therapeutic tool, especially when more interventional methods either failed or are not indicated. This chapter is devoted to describing both neurobiological basis and clinical utility of pharmacological agents used to treat chronic spinal pain. Opioid analgesics have been the mainstay for treatment of pain for centuries. Although opioids may be very useful in treating severe pain conditions, the gravity of their side effects and recently recognized “opioid epidemic” lead to imposing much stricter control of their utilization. NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) probably remain the most widely used class of drugs to treat chronic spinal pain because of their ability to reduce pain and inflammation. Centrally acting muscle relaxants are a diverse group of medications with different mechanisms of actions that may be used as an adjuvant treatment, especially when spinal pain is associated with painful muscle spasms. Some antidepressants [tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)] have demonstrated their efficacy in treatment of spinal neuropathic pain. Select anticonvulsants, such as gabapentinoids, are also widely used to treat such pain. Topical medications of different classes may have an advantage of exhibiting analgesia without significant systemic absorption. Although there is still insufficient evidence to recommend cannabinoids for spine pain treatment, we discuss this emerging medication class because it has been already used to treat certain pain conditions.
Emerging Subspecialties in Neurology: Sleep medicine fellowship after child neurology residency.

Pediatric sleep medicine is a multidisciplinary field specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of sleep disorders in childhood. Child neurology residency training provides highly desired skills keenly applicable for a prospective sleep medicine fellowship applicant. A fundamental neurophysiology background helps foster an advanced proficiency in the scoring and interpretation of overnight polysomnography and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLTs). Attuned skills in differentiating complex paroxysmal movements are key to distinguishing parasomnias from nocturnal seizures. The clinical evaluation for developmental delay is augmented by learning and applying the normative developmental milestones of sleep in evaluating the sleepy, or sleepless, child. Herein the authors provide an overview of pediatric sleep medicine as it relates to the child neurology trainee seeking subspecialty fellowship opportunities.
Phase transition for eigenvalues and recovery of rank one matrices

In datasets where the number of parameters is fixed and the number of samples is large, principal component analysis (PCA) is a powerful dimension reduction tool. However, in many contemporary datasets, when the number of parameters is comparable to the sample size, PCA can be misleading. A closely related problem is the following: is it possible to recover a rank-one matrix in the presence of a large amount of noiseƒ In both situations, there is a phase transition in the eigen-structure of the matrix.
Comparing mesophotic and shallow reef fish assemblages in the ‘Au‘au Channel, Hawai‘i: fish size, feeding guild composition, species richness, and endemism

Mesophotic (30–150 m) reef fish assemblages in the 'Au'au Channel, between the Hawaiian Islands of Maui and Lanai, were compared visually with neighboring shallow (<30 m depth) reef fish assemblages for differences in structure. Between 2007 and 2011, approximately 7000 mesophotic and 4000 shallow reef fishes were identified, sized (standard length), and assigned to seven foraging guilds. The shallow water zone had more species than the mesophotic zone (99 vs 80, respectively). Mesophotic planktivores and two herbivore species were significantly larger than their shallow reef counterparts. Shallow reef fish assemblages had a higher Chao1 estimated species richness for herbivores and corallivores but not the other five foraging guilds. The differences between mesophotic and shallow fish assemblages indicate that both have unique communities of high conservation importance.
Chapter 9 – The Science of Rubber Compounding

This chapter reviews both the types and the properties of elastomers, compounding with a range of filler or reinforcement systems such as carbon black, and enhancement of filler performance by novel use of compounding ingredients such as silane coupling agents. Other issues such as antioxidant systems and vulcanization systems are also discussed.
24 – Personality Disorders

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the socio-cultural aspects of personal disorders. Gunderson and Philips in 1995 distinguished three subgroups of personality disorders, namely, trait disorders, self-disorders, and spectrum disorders, which are located between the spectrum of normality and the category of psychoses. Obsessive, histrionic, avoidant, or dependent are categorized as trait disorders and are at the end of the spectrum, close to normality. Schizoid, antisocial, and borderline, categorized as self-disorders, are in the middle of the spectrum, between normality and psychoses. Schizotypal, paranoid, hyperthymic, or depression, as spectrum disorders, are at the end of the spectrum close to the category of psychosis. Various scholars have attributed personality disorders, closely related to the personality, to both hereditary and environmental factors. Paris in 1997 presented the view that the form of personality pathology largely depends on underlying traits, which are subject to strong genetic influence, and that different social structures tend to reinforce some traits and discourage others. He also pointed out that genetically influenced personality traits determine the specificity of personality disorders, whereas psychological and social factors only affect the threshold at which personality traits become maladaptive. In transcultural practice, when the patient and clinician have divergent cultural backgrounds as well as different modal personalities, the assessment and diagnosis of personality must be made very carefully. They need to be culturallysensitive and relevant, as otherwise, they may result in serious mistakes in clinical practice.
How Do Users' Reviews Matter for Corporate Innovation?

The growing amount of online reviews is an important external information source for both consumers and producers. While the reviews’ impact on consumers purchasing behaviors has drawn much attenti...
Magnetic field induced phase transition in spinel GeNi 2 O 4

Cubic spinel ${\mathrm{GeNi}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ exhibits intriguing magnetic properties with two successive antiferromagnetic phase transitions $({T}_{N1}\ensuremath{\approx}12.1$ and ${T}_{N2}\ensuremath{\approx}11.4\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$ with the absence of any structural transition. We have performed detailed heat-capacity and magnetic measurements in different crystallographic orientations. A magnetic phase in the presence of the magnetic field $(H\ensuremath{\ge}4\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T})$ along the [111] direction is revealed, which is not observed when the magnetic field is applied along the [100] and [110] directions. High-field neutron powder-diffraction measurements confirm such a change in the magnetic phase, which could be ascribed to a spin reorientation in the presence of the magnetic field. A strong magnetic anisotropy and competing magnetic interactions play a crucial role in the complex magnetic behavior in this cubic system.
Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms That Mediate Transmission of Yersinia pestis by Fleas

The ability to cause plague in mammals represents only half of the life history of Yersinia pestis. It is also able to colonize and produce a transmissible infection in the digestive tract of the flea, its insect host. Parallel to studies of the molecular mechanisms by which Y. pestis is able to overcome the immune response of its mammalian hosts, disseminate, and produce septicemia, studies of Y. pestis–flea interactions have led to the identification and characterization of important factors that lead to transmission by flea bite. Y. pestis adapts to the unique conditions in the flea gut by altering its metabolic physiology in ways that promote biofilm development, a common strategy by which bacteria cope with a nutrient-limited environment. Biofilm localization to the flea foregut disrupts normal fluid dynamics of blood feeding, resulting in regurgitative transmission. Many of the important genes, regulatory pathways, and molecules required for this process have been identified and are reviewed here.
Vibrant curriculum: Theorizing a new materialist social studies

In a world facing climate crisis, a growing divide between rich and poor, racial strife, and a rise of xenophobic populism, social studies educators are obligated to investigate social issues in wa...
Fluorescence artifact correction in the thrombin generation assay: Necessity for correction algorithms in procoagulant samples

Introduction The thrombin generation (TG) test is a global hemostasis assay sensitive to procoagulant conditions. However, some TG assays may underestimate elevated TG when the thrombin fluorogenic substrate is depleted or fluorescence is attenuated by the inner filter effect (IFE). Objectives We sought to elucidate the extent to which procoagulant conditions require correcting for fluorogenic substrate depletion and/or IFE. Methods We analyzed corrections for substrate depletion and IFE and their effect on TG parameters in plasma samples with elevated blood coagulation factors in the presence or absence of thrombomodulin via commercial calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) platform and in-house software capable of internal thrombin calibration with or without CAT-like artifact correction. Results Elevated thrombin peak height (TPH) and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) were detected with 2× and 4× increases in blood coagulation factors I, V, VIII, IX, X, and XI, or prothrombin in the presence or absence of artifact correction. The effect of the CAT algorithm was evident in TG curves from both low procoagulant (thrombomodulin-supplemented) and procoagulant (factor-supplemented) plasma samples. However, in all samples, with the exception of elevated prothrombin, CAT's correction was small (<10%) and did not affect detection of procoagulant samples versus normal plasma. For elevated prothrombin samples, uncorrected TPH or ETP values were underestimated, and CAT correction produced drastically elevated TG curves. Conclusions Our data suggest that correction for substrate consumption and IFE, as offered by the CAT algorithm, is critical for detecting a subset of extremely procoagulant samples, such as elevated prothrombin, but is not necessary for all other conditions, including elevated factors XI and VIII.
A Model of Determinants Influencing the Development of Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist Self-efficacy for Discussing Substance Use with Patients.

Child and adolescent psychiatrists are well situated to have meaningful conversations with a population at high risk of substance use: youth receiving psychiatric care. However, there has been a de...
The Common Sense of Economics and Divergent Approaches in Economic Thought

This paper contextualizes the contribution of Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit to the development of economic theory in the 20th century. Our argument in this paper is twofold. First, we contend that this book embodied what had been the common knowledge of early neoclassical economics prior to WWII. Secondly, we also argue that embroynic to Knight’s account of economics were two divergent approaches to economic thought that emerged in the post WWII. The first approach is what has come to be known as microeconomics, characterized by utility maximization under fixed price, income, and institutional parameters that approximate equilibrium. This first approach is distinct from a second approach, referred to as price theory, in which prices are not sufficient statistics, as in microeconomics, but operate as guides to consumption and production decisions under alternative institutional arrangements. This second approach represented the continuation of the mainline of economic thought from its classical and early neoclassical roots.
Sea Otter Behavior and Its Influence on Littoral Community Structure

The near extirpation and subsequent recovery of sea otters throughout much of their historic range provides an opportunity to examine the influence of a large marine carnivore on littoral habitats. In this review of the sea otters’ role in nearshore community structure, I provide examples that compare and contrast shifts in prey communities among varying habitats, which reflect inherent productivity, prey availability, sea otter population density, and foraging behavior. Considered together, these variables can aid in sea otter management. Many coastal areas in the North Pacific Rim are still recovering as sea otters return to the nearshore marine ecosystem as a keystone predator. In their absence, what was considered a natural state must be re-evaluated as direct and cascading effects become apparent. Questions remain as to the full range and persistence of ecosystem-level effects of sea otters in a variety of habitats: What does a natural system with sea otters look like?
The housing quality, income, and human capital effects of subsidized homes in urban India

Abstract This paper measures the effects of a subsidized housing lottery in Mumbai, India wherein winners can choose to either live in or rent out the homes. After 3–5 years, winners experience better housing quality, greater reported income, and different attitudes when compared to non-winners. They also have higher education and employment rates, with effects concentrated among youth. This occurs even though winners live in neighborhoods with worse schools and lower employment rates than non-winners at the time of measurement. Overall, effects differ from those of other asset transfers and housing programs requiring relocation. Comparisons with existing studies indicate that the intervention shifts educational attainment and employment at least as much as conditional cash transfers that target these outcomes. The findings suggest that when in-kind transfers can be easily exchanged or sold, their benefits approach those of cash transfers.
Effectiveness and Safety of Twice- Versus Thrice-Daily Subcutaneous Heparin for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis at a Large Academic Medical Center.

BackgroundDosing variation of subcutaneous unfractionated heparin (UFH) exist for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (VTEP).ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare the safety and effectiv...
Circulating Plasma Biomarkers in Biopsy-Confirmed Kidney Disease.

Background: Biomarkers for non-invasive assessment of histopathology and prognosis are needed in patients with kidney disease. Methods: Using a proteomics assay, we measured a multi-marker panel of 225 circulating plasma proteins in a prospective cohort study of 549 individuals with biopsy-confirmed kidney diseases and semi-quantitative assessment of histopathology. We tested the associations of each biomarker with histopathologic lesions and the risks of kidney disease progression (defined as ≥40% decline in eGFR or initiation of kidney replacement therapy) and death. Results: After multivariable adjustment and correction for multiple testing, 57 proteins were associated with different histopathologic lesions. The top performing markers positively associated with acute tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy were kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 2 (VSIG2), respectively. 30 proteins were significantly associated with kidney disease progression and 35 with death. The top performing markers for kidney disease progression were placental growth factor (HR per doubling 5.4, 95% CI 3.4 to 8.7) and BMP and Activin Membrane Bound Inhibitor (HR 3.0, 95% CI 2.1 to 4.2); the top performing markers for death were TRAIL-receptor-2 (HR 2.9, 95% CI 2.0 to 4.0) and CUB Domain Containing Protein-1 (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.8 to 3.3). Conclusion: We identified several plasma protein biomarkers associated with kidney disease histopathology and adverse clinical outcomes in individuals with a diverse set of kidney diseases.
Picturing Reform in Victorian Britain

How did Victorians, as creators and viewers of images, visualize the politics of franchise reform? This study of Victorian art and parliamentary politics, specifically in the 1840s and 1860s, answers that question by viewing the First and Second Reform Acts from the perspectives offered by Ruskin's political theories of art and Bagehot's visual theory of politics. Combining subjects and approaches characteristic of art history, political history, literary criticism and cultural critique, Picturing Reform in Victorian Britain treats both paintings and wood engravings, particularly those published in Punch and the Illustrated London News. Carlisle analyzes unlikely pairings - a novel by Trollope and a painting by Hayter, an engraving after Leech and a high-society portrait by Landseer - to argue that such conjunctions marked both everyday life in Victorian Britain and the nature of its visual politics as it was manifested in the myriad heterogeneous and often incongruous images of illustrated journalism.
Macromarketing approaches to thought development in positive marketing: Two perspectives on a research agenda for positive marketing scholars

Abstract This study explores the intersections between macro- and positive-marketing approaches to how we improve human welfare, and to consider whether the development of thought in macromarketing can offer insight into questions important to the study of positive marketing. Two perspectives in macromarketing—the developmental school and the critical school—are offered as orientations toward positive marketing research.
Mover detection in single channel LiMIT SAR data

Detecting moving targets in SAR imagery has recently gained a lot of interest as a way to create optical-like radar video sequences that work in all weather conditions, and as a method to do moving target detection in the absence of MTI. The problem can generally be broken into two parts: first, detecting the mover in the SAR imagery and second, geo-locating the mover to the proper cross-range in the SAR image. In this paper, we describe a series of algorithms to solve the first part in single-channel SAR. We first remove the stationary scene with short time Fourier transform subtraction. We then detect the movers by applying a set of possible motion corrections to the image, and use a novel matched filter to detect the movers in this space. We demonstrate our algorithms using data collected from the LiMIT airborne radar system.
Design for Open Systems in Java

Open systems consist of unbounded collections of objects that may interact in support of any of a number of activities. The features and services provided by each object require various measures of policy control of infrastructure components in order to provide appropriate quality of service for supported activities. This paper surveys some common and emerging Java-based design patterns for establishing and controlling service and application components in open object-oriented architectures.
Age and cooling history of the kiglapait Intrusion from an study

Abstract 40 Ar 39 Ar age spectra of hornblende, biotite, and feldspars from the Kiglapait layered intrusion, Labrador, give closure ages that define the subsolidus cooling history of the intrusion and its surroundings. Biotites give very good plateaus, but U-shaped age spectra are typical for hornblende, antiperthite, and plagioclase, and a spectrum of multi-plateau segments is found in mesoperthites. Isochron studies reveal an age range from 1298 ± 14 Ma for hornblende to 1217 ± 28 Ma for plagioclase. Multiple linear arrays or clusters appear on the isochron diagrams of perthitic feldspars, indicating the effect of excess argon. For antiperthite, this excess argon resides mainly in the plagioclase domains, based on its inverse correlation with K/Ca. With the highest closure temperature, the hornblende age is very close to the published Sm/Nd rockmineral isochron age of 1305 ± 22 Ma and gives a good approximation to the crystallization age. Calculated closure temperatures of different feldspars, combined with published values for hornblende and biotite, show that this intrusion cooled rapidly down to an ambient temperature of about 240°C in the first 20 Ma after its crystallization, then underwent extremely slow cooling for a long time. Combining these results with the published pre-intrusion ambient temperature of about 350°C, a regional slow cooling is revealed, and this implies a late uplift of the region during and after the Kiglapait magmatism.
Seasonal Energy Storage Operations with Limited Flexibility

The value of seasonal energy storage depends on how the firm best operates the storage to capture the seasonal price spread. Energy storage operations typically face limited operational flexibility characterized by the speed of storing and releasing energy. A widely used practice-based heuristic, the rolling intrinsic (RI) policy, generally performs well, but can significantly under-perform in some cases. In this paper, we aim to understand the gap between the RI policy and the optimal policy, and design improved heuristic policies to close or reduce this gap. A new heuristic policy, the “price-adjusted rolling intrinsic (PARI) policy,” is developed based on theoretical analysis of the value of storage options. This heuristic adjusts prices before applying the RI policy, and the adjusted prices inform the RI policy about the values of various storage options. Our numerical experiments show that the PARI policy is especially capable of recovering high value losses of the RI policy. For the instances where the RI policy loses more than 4% of the optimal storage value, the PARI policy on average is able to recover more than 90% of the value loss.
Analytical solutions of tracer transport in fractured rock associated with precipitation-dissolution reactions

Precipitation-dissolution reactions are important for a number of applications such as isotopic tracer transport in the subsurface. Analytical solutions have been developed for tracer transport in both single-fracture and multiple-fracture systems associated with these reactions under transient and steady-state transport conditions. These solutions also take into account advective transport in fractures and molecular diffusion in the rock matrix. For studying distributions of disturbed tracer concentration (the difference between actual concentration and its equilibrium value), effects of precipitation-dissolution reactions are mathematically equivalent to a “decay” process with a decay constant proportional to the corresponding bulk reaction rate. This important feature significantly simplifies the derivation procedure by taking advantage of the existence of analytical solutions for tracer transport associated with radioactive decay in fractured rock. It is also useful for interpreting tracer breakthrough curves, because the impact of a decay process is relatively easy to analyze. Several illustrative examples are presented, which show that the results are sensitive to fracture spacing, matrix diffusion coefficient (fracture surface area), and bulk reaction rate (or “decay” constant), indicating that the relevant flow and transport parameters may be estimated by analyzing tracer signals.
Resurrection in Carapa (Meliaceae): a reassessment of morphological variation and species boundaries using multivariate methods in a phylogenetic context

The taxonomy of the amphi-Atlantic tree genus Carapa (Meliaceae) has long been controversial. Of the three species currently recognized in the genus, two are known to present substantial morphological variation that has been used in the past to distinguish several taxa, most of which are currently placed in synonymy. Here, a combination of field observations, univariate analyses of leaf, floral and seed characters and principal coordinate analyses of floral characters in the context of a molecular phylogenetic analysis was used to investigate the patterns of variation and delimit morphological species anew in the genus. These results support the recognition of 27 species in Carapa, of which 16 are previously described and 11 are new. In general, phylogenetically related species occurred in the same geographical area, but were morphologically distinct. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 165, 186–221.
Value Paradoxes and the Time Value of Value

Neoclassical economics equates the concept of value with utility, which is estimated from measures of stated or revealed preferences for various offerings. Value is typically represented by concepts such as willingness to pay WTP and gross domestic product GDP. However, researchers have uncovered a number of paradoxes that demonstrate how preferences and WTP often have surprisingly weak correlations with important outcomes such as subjective well-being SWB. In simple terms, what people think will make them happy often does not make them happy, suggesting that neoclassical conceptualizations of value may be flawed, or at least shortsighted. We review value paradoxes pertaining to GDP, income, labor, and preferences. We explain the paradoxes through a model that delineates related yet distinct manifestations of value: value potential a stochastic forecast of future changes in SWB and value realization actual changes in SWB. Value realization is shown to have transitory and persistent components. We model the relationship between value potential and value realization with a time value of value equation and describe how the value paradoxes can be explained by flaws in affective forecasting. The time value model uses neoclassical and happiness economic literature to explain how value is transitory, stochastic, and multidimensional.
Laparoscopic kidney donation from patients older than 60 years.

Abstract Background The current study seeks to determine if the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy holds true when performed in patients older than 60 years of age. Study design Medical records of 42 renal donors older than 60 years were reviewed compared with younger controls carefully matched for gender, race, nephrectomy side, auxiliary recipient procedures, and date of surgery. Results Preoperative baseline serum creatinine was identical in both groups (0.9 ± 0.2 mg/dL) although controls had a slightly higher (NS) creatinine clearance (106.9 ± 19.1 versus 100.0 ± 35.5 mL/m). Operatively, there was no substantial difference between groups in operative time, warm ischemia time, estimated blood loss, number or size of ports used, and length of incision needed for removal of kidney. Intraoperative and postoperative complication rates were also equivalent between old and young donors. Postnephrectomy serum creatinine was identical. There was no increased length of hospitalization for older donors and they tended to require less morphine sulfate patient-controlled anesthesia. Recipient renal function was slightly better in the younger kidneys early and the difference became statistically significant at 6 to 12 months, but the magnitude of the improvement is not clinically important. Conclusions Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy may be performed safely in patients older than 60 years of age. There was no increase in complication rates or length of hospital stay. Older donors did not have a greater increase in serum creatinine after donation compared with donors younger than 40 years of age, nor did recipients of these older kidneys have clinically significantly higher serum creatinine than recipients of kidneys from donors less than 40 years old.
Rare-earth elements and Nd and Pb isotopes as source indicators for Labrador Sea clay-size sediments during Heinrich event 2

Elemental abundances and Nd and Pb isotope ratios were determined on samples from the carbonate-free, clay-size fractions of sediments from intervals above, within, and below Heinrich event 2 (H-2) in core HU87-9 from the Northwest Labrador Sea slope. In HU87-9, rare-earth element (REE) distributions and elemental concentrations within the H-2 event are distinct from those outside this event. eNd(0) and 206 Pb/ 204 Pbdata also indicate different values for sediments deposited within and outside the H-2 event. Comparisons of REE patterns from the H-2 interval with those from bedrock units in Baffin Island, northern Quebec, and Labrador indicate that the Lake Harbour Group (LHG), which crops out on the north side of the Hudson Strait, is the most probable bedrock source of the clay-size fraction found within the H-2 interval in HU87-9. The Tasiuyak Gneiss (TG) and Lac Lomier Complex (LLC) have REE patterns (including a negative Eu anomaly) similar to those found in H-2 sediments; however, the La/Ybratios of these units are smaller than those associated with H-2 sediments. The Nd and Pbisotope data support and complement REE-based interpretations of provenance; i.e., the Nd–Pb signatures of sediments deposited at the HU87-9 site during the H-2 event are similar to Nd–Pbsignatures ob tained on diamicts from the western end of Hudson Strait. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Variation of initial serum bilirubin rise in newborn infants with type of illness.

Hyperbilirubinaemia in newborn infants is generally regarded as a problem, and bilirubin itself as toxic metabolic waste, but the high frequency in newborn infants suggests that the excess of neonatal bilirubin may have a positive function. To investigate the hypothesis that bilirubin has a role as a free-radical scavenger, the rate of rise in serum bilirubin in the first few days of life was measured in 44 infants with five illnesses thought to enhance free-radical production and in 58 control infants. The infants were selected from 2700 consecutive births by exclusion of those with factors known to affect bilirubin metabolism, including enteral feeding. The control infants were those who seemed to be ill and received treatment, including restriction of enteral feeds, but in whom no illness, or disorders not related to free-radical production, were found. The mean serum bilirubin rise was significantly lower in the combined illness group than in the control group (36.1 [95% Cl 26.9-45.3] vs 66.7 [55.9-77.5] mumol.l-1.day-1; p less than 0.0001). In subgroup analyses the mean rises in infants with circulatory failure, neonatal depression/asphyxia, aspiration syndromes, and proven sepsis were significantly lower than in controls matched for gestational age and birthweight, but rises in infants with respiratory distress and their matched controls did not differ. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that bilirubin is consumed in vivo as an antioxidant. Such consumption may operate in vivo in addition to the standard pathways for bilirubin metabolism (production, isomerisation, and excretion).
Post-Cassini exploration of Titan: Science goals, instrumentation and mission concepts

Abstract Titan promises to be a priority target for planetary and astrobiological exploration in the next decades. We survey the likely scientific objectives, instrumentation and mission architectures that may characterize the next visit to Titan. A near-surface airborne platform, perhaps an airship with some kind of surface sampling capability, appears most promising. We review recent work in the understanding of impact melt sheets and cryovolcanic flows as astrobiological ‘incubators’ wherein tholins produced in the atmosphere may interact with liquid water for prolonged periods, and survey technological developments that support a near-term return to Titan.
Effects of Postoperative Mediastinal Radiation on Completely Resected Stage II and Stage III Epidermoid Cancer of the Lung: LCSG 773

Among patients with lung cancer approximately 44% have disease limited to the chest. Patients with early lesions treated surgically have better survival rates than those with more advanced primary disease or nodal involvement. Postoperative irradiation should reduce local or regional recurrence and hopefully reduce systemic relapse.
Monitoring defects at wafer's edge for improved immersion lithography performance

The immersion fluid in the lens - wafer gap of advanced lithography scanners has the propensity to be a transport media for imaging defects. A great deal of effort has been devoted to understanding and eliminating the root causes of patterned defects in immersion lithography. Characterization of patterned and unpatterned defects on the wafer top surface has helped to drive improvements in lithography equipment, processes and materials design that subsequently enabled immersion defect density levels to be commensurate with dry lithography. This has enabled the insertion of immersion lithography into mainstream manufacturing. However, the "ever improving" yield impetus drives the need to search for and eliminate defect sources beyond the conventional top surface. This paper describes progress in extending these efforts to and beyond the wafer's edge.
My profile is my password, verify me!: the privacy/convenience tradeoff of facebook connect

We performed a laboratory experiment to study the privacy tradeoff offered by Facebook Connect: disclosing Facebook profile data to third-party websites for the convenience of logging in without creating separate accounts. We controlled for trustworthiness and amount of information each website requested, as well as the consent dialog layout. We discovered that these factors had no observable effects, likely because participants did not read the dialogs. Yet, 15% still refused to use Facebook Connect, citing privacy concerns. A likely explanation for subjects ignoring the dialogs while also understanding the privacy tradeoff - our exit survey indicated that 88% broadly understood what data would be collected - is that subjects were already familiar with the dialogs prior to the experiment. We discuss how our results demonstrate informed consent, but also how habituation prevented subjects from understanding the nuances between individual websites' data collection policies.
Reduced nitric oxide production in monocytes is associated with abnormal endothelial dysfunciton in children with OSA

Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity in children manifecting as elevated systemic blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction. Indeed, children with OSA are at higher risk to exhibit delayed endothelial post- occlusive hyperemic responses, which are primarily mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. We hypothesized that reduced eNOS activity in circulating monocytes may provide a reliable correlate of the vascular phenotype in pediatric OSA. Materials and methods Age-, gender-, ethnicity-, and BMI-matched pre-pubertal children with polysomnographically-confirmed OSA and controls (CO) were recruited from sleep cloinics and the community, underwent an overnight sleep study, and in the morning were subjected to a blood draw from which peripheral blood monocytes and their ability to generate nitric oxide (NO) were assessed using flow cytometry. In addition, post-occlusive hyperemic responses were also assessed as maximal time to peak reperfusion (Tmax) by laser Doppler flowmetry. Results 14 children with OSA and 8 CO were examined. Overall, mean age was 7.3 ± 1.7 years, 50% were males, and 24% were obese (BMI z score >1.65), and mean AHI was 11.4 ± 6.8/h of sleep for the children with OSA, and 0.85 ± 0.35/h of sleep in CO. Monocytes from children with OSA exhibited overall reduced NO kinetics and production (1250.8 ± 118.9 MFI in CO vs. 887.2 ± 116.9 MFI in OSA; p Conclusion Children with OSA and abnormal vascular function exhibit markedly reduced eNOS activity in their circulating monocytes. We postulate that such alterations in eNOS may reflect higher risk for vascular dysfunction in the context of individual susceptibility to OSA, possibly via epigenetic alterations in eNOS gene. Acknowledgement Supported by NIH grant HL-65270.
Anab initio molecular orbital study of substituted carbonyl compounds

Ab initio SCF calculations with a minimal STO-3G basis set have been performed to determine the equilibrium geometries of two series of carbonyl compounds, RCHO and R2 CO. For the mono-substituted compounds, R may be CH3, NH2, OH, F, CHO, and C2 H3. In the disubstituted compounds, R has been restricted to the isoelectronic saturated groups. The computed equilibrium geometries of these compounds are in satisfactory agreement with the experimentally-determined geometries, with an average difference of 0.021 A between computed and experimental bond lengths, and 1.9 ° in corresponding bond angles. An analysis of the effect of the substituent on the electronic structure of the carbonyl group has also been made. The saturated groups are found to be electron-withdrawing groups relative to H, with the electron withdrawing ability increasing in the order CH3 <NH2 <OH <F. The unsaturated substituents CHO and C2H2 are also electron withdrawing relative to H, and comparable to CH3 in acetaldehyde. Vertical ionization potentials andn→π* transition energies have also been calculated for these molecules at their optimized geometries, experimental geometries, and geometries given by a standard model. The effect of changes in molecular geometry on these computed properties has been analyzed.
Comparison of a universal mounting jig to a face-bow

Abstract A study comparing different face-bows and a new mounting jig was undertaken. Face-bows were recorded and casts mounted. Measurements were made and compared. A statistical comparison of these records indicated little difference in the mounted positions of the different face-bow records.
Alexander v. Sandoval:A Setback for Civil Rights

This article confronts the serious implications of a recent U.S. Supreme Court decision, Alexander v. Sandoval, which eliminated an important legal avenue for civil rights plaintiffs. For over 35 years, individuals have been allowed to bring lawsuits directly challenging violations of rights set forth in the federal regulations implementing Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Because these actions could be grounded in proof of disparate impact, rather than discriminatory intent, they allowed for some claims that could not go forward under other legal authorities, such as the Fourteenth Amendment. While the author concludes by identifying key remaining options, he highlights the real damage done by this decision.
Boston HAPPENS Program: HIV-positive, homeless, and at-risk youth can access care through youth-oriented HIV services.

The Boston HAPPENS Program is a collaborative network of care consisting of multiservice outreach agencies; community health centers; and hospitals for HIV-positive, homeless, and hard-to-reach youth. In four years of data collection, the program served more than 2,000 youth, including 54 HIV-positive youth. The youth were 19.9 +/- 2.9 years old; 64 percent female; 45 percent youth of color; 11 percent gay/lesbian, bisexual, or undecided; and 13 percent homeless or runaway. Homeless youth were much more likely to have been involved with a mental health system (47% vs. 12%, P < 0.001), the criminal justice system (20% vs. 2%, P < 0.001), high-risk sexual behaviors (21% vs. 3%, P < 0.001), and substance abuse (25% vs. 6%, P < 0.001) than were other youth served by the program. Comprehensive networks of care offering a continuum of services and a variety of entry routes and types of care sites are needed to connect under-served youth to health care. Outreach and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing services can offer important portals of entry into health services for at-risk youth. Support services such as outreach, case management, and mental health services are needed to complement medical services by all youth at-risk for contracting HIV. Support services are necessary for the initiation and retention of youth in care so that early case identification and complex treatment regimens can be initiated and tailored to the individual.
NIH Support for the Emergence of Quantitative and Systems Pharmacology.

The National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) sponsored two workshops and the development of a white paper on the emergence of quantitative and systems pharmacology (QSP) as a discipline. In subsequent efforts to encourage this area, NIGMS modified existing research and training offerings. We highlight these changes and point out other new and existing initiatives at NIH that provide avenues for support of research and training in QSP. In recent years, the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has sought to explore the integration between systems biology and pharmacology, believing that systems approaches are needed to understand the complexity of drug action and that studies of drug action will yield new insights into systems biology. To this end, NIGMS sponsored the first quantitative and systems pharmacology (QSP) workshop in October 2008, followed by a second workshop in October 2010 (reported in ref. 1). A working group from the second workshop composed a white paper, “Quantitative and Systems Pharmacology in the Post-Genomic Era: New Approaches to Discovering Drugs and Understanding Therapeutic Mechanisms,” that presented background and recommendations for research and research training for the emerging discipline of QSP.2 The authors present a summary of programmatic offerings that have occurred at NIGMS and NIH in response to these efforts and provide an overview of NIH-wide interest in QSP.
Correspondence between frame shrinkage and high-order nonlinear diffusion

Nonlinear diffusion filtering and wavelet/frame shrinkage are two popular methods for signal and image denoising. The relationship between these two methods has been studied recently. In this paper we investigate the correspondence between frame shrinkage and nonlinear diffusion. We show that the frame shrinkage of [email protected]?s continuous-linear-spline-based tight frame is associated with a fourth-order nonlinear diffusion equation. We derive high-order nonlinear diffusion equations associated with general tight frame shrinkages. These high-order nonlinear diffusion equations are different from the high-order diffusion equations studied in the literature. We also construct two sets of tight frame filter banks which result in the sixth- and eighth-order nonlinear diffusion equations. The correspondence between frame shrinkage and diffusion filtering is useful to design diffusion-inspired shrinkage functions with competitive performance. On the other hand, the study of such a correspondence leads to a new type of diffusion equations and helps to design frame-inspired diffusivity functions. The denoising results with diffusion-inspired shrinkages provided in this paper are promising.
The Damping Rates of Embedded Oscillating Starless Cores

In a previous paper we demonstrated that nonradial hydrodynamic oscillations of a thermally supported (Bonnor-Ebert) sphere embedded in a low-density, high-temperature medium persist for many periods. The predicted column density variations and molecular spectral line profiles are similar to those observed in the Bok globule B68, suggesting that the motions in some starless cores may be oscillating perturbations on a thermally supported equilibrium structure. Such oscillations can produce molecular line maps which mimic rotation, collapse, or expansion and, thus, could make determining the dynamical state from such observations alone difficult. However, while B68 is embedded in a very hot, low-density medium, many starless cores are not, having interior/exterior density contrasts closer to unity. In this paper we investigate the oscillation damping rate as a function of the exterior density. For concreteness we use the same interior model employed by Broderick et al., with varying models for the exterior gas. We also develop a simple analytical formalism, based on the linear perturbation analysis of the oscillations, which predicts the contribution to the damping rates due to the excitation of sound waves in the external medium. We find that the damping rate of oscillations on globules in dense molecular environments is always many periods, corresponding to hundreds of thousands of years and persisting over the inferred lifetimes of the globules.
Some new classes of Hardy spaces

Abstract Let B p = {f: ‖f‖ = sup T⩾1 ( 1 2T ) ∫ −T T |f| p ) 1 p . Then Bp is the dual of a function algebra Aq on R (Beurling). In this paper, we study the harmonic extensions of f in Bp and in Aq, and the corresponding Hardy spaces HBp, HAq. It is shown that a parallel theory for L∞, Ll and BMO, Hl can be developed for the above pairs. In particular we prove that for 1 A q ) ∗ is isomorphic to the Banach space f real : ‖f‖ ∗,p = sup T⩾1 1 2T ∫ −T T |f−m T f| p 1 p where m T f = ( 1 2T ) ∫ −T T f . We also prove Burkholder, Gundy, and Silverstein's maximal function characterization for the new Hardy space HAq, 1
Selected ecological characteristics ofScirpus cyperinus and its role as an invader of disturbed wetlands

Scirpuscyperinus (woolgrass) is a common invader of disturbed wetlands where soils have been exposed by water level reductions or vegetative cover has been reduced by various means. Its usual habitats include ditches, wet meadows, marshes, and low, muddy grounds in the eastern United States and Canada. This study documents the encroachment of a woolgrass community onto well-decomposed organic soils exposed when long-term, industrial-related flooding of a wetland was terminated. Data were collected on spatial and temporal distribution patterns, species replacement, seed dispersal and growth, and environmental conditions. The ecological characteristics that enableScirpuscyperinus to be an effective colonizer were concluded to be: the vast number of seeds produced, effective dispersal of seeds, the clinging ability of seeds with long bristles, viability of seeds stored in sediments, exclusion of other plants by a dense, perennial tussock growth form, and a fairly wide range of tolerance to environmental conditions.