cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
‘One and a Half Dimensional’ Preferences and Majority Rule

I examine a model of majority rule in which alternatives are described by two characteristics: (1) their position in a standard, left-right dimension, and (2) their position in a good-bad dimension, over which voters have identical preferences. I show that when voters’ preferences are single-peaked and concave over the first dimension, majority rule is transitive, and the majority’s preferences are identical to the median voter’s. Thus, Black’s (The theory of committees and elections, 1958) theorem extends to such a “one and a half” dimensional framework. Meanwhile, another well-known result of majority rule, Downs’ (An economic theory of democracy, 1957) electoral competition model, does not extend to the framework. The condition that preferences can be represented in a one-and-a-half-dimensional framework is strictly weaker than the condition that preferences be single-peaked and symmetric. The condition is strictly stronger than the condition that preferences be order-restricted, as defined by Rothstein (Soc Choice Welf 7:331–342;1990).
Imaginative Learning: A Journey through the White Pages of the Telephone Directory

Emergency Telephone Numbers. These numbers usually include community service personnel such as police, ambulance drivers, firemen, suicide prevention centers, and rescue squads. Use of Telephone Book Index. This item describes the proper use of the directory index and thus assists those attempting to locate a specific bit of information. Time Zones Information. Differences in time zones are explained, and a map often shows the location of each time zone in the United States-information especially important to those making long distance calls. Calendar. Often overlooked, this common reference can be helpful when talking over the telephone. Savings Tips When Using the Telephone. The telephone industry is honest about ways the public can maximize savings when using its service. For example, rates are lower for evenings, weekends, and holidays,
Rise and fall of multifragment emission at relativistic energy.

In $^{84}\mathrm{Kr}$ interactions with nuclear emulsion at 1.52A GeV, nuclei with charge Z up to 36 have been measured as a function of the associated proton multiplicity. The data reveal the presence of a strong correlation between different types of collisions and proton multiplicities. In the study of multifragment decays, the average number of intermediate-mass fragments (3\ensuremath{\le}Z\ensuremath{\le}15) increases with the proton multiplicity, reaches a maximum 〈${\mathit{N}}_{\mathrm{IMF}}$〉=2.03 for the most violent collisions, and then decreases.
The bacterial cytoskeleton: more than twisted filaments.

Far from being simple ‘bags’ of enzymes, bacteria are richly endowed with ultrastructures that challenge and expand standard definitions of the cytoskeleton. Here we review rods, rings, twisted pairs, tubes, sheets, spirals, moving patches, meshes and composites, and suggest defining the term ‘bacterial cytoskeleton’ as all cytoplasmic protein filaments and their superstructures that move or scaffold (stabilize/position/recruit) other cellular materials. The evolution of each superstructure has been driven by specific functional requirements. As a result, while homologous proteins with different functions have evolved to form surprisingly divergent superstructures, those of unrelated proteins with similar functions have converged.
The Role of Echocardiography in Assessing the Morphological Response of Left Ventricular Thrombus to Anticoagulation

We present a patient with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and a large left ventricular apical thrombus in which serial echocardiography over a 1-month period documented progressive enlargement of this mural thrombus. This case illustrates the dramatic progression of left ventricular thrombus size despite aggressive anticoagulation. In addition, the critical role of echocardiography in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with left ventricular thrombus is emphasized.
MR imaging-guided prostate biopsy with surgical navigation software: device validation and feasibility.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging–guided prostate biopsy in a 0.5-T open imager is described, validated in phantom studies, and performed in two patients. The needles are guided by using fast gradient-recalled echo and T2-weighted fast spin-echo images. Surgical navigation software provided T2-weighted images critical to targeting the peripheral zone and the tumor. MR imaging can be used to guide prostate biopsy.
Tax savings opportunities in estate freeze transactions: An application of the black scholes model

Abstract Transfer tax valuation rules for interests in family businesses include a minimum value to reflect the option value of “junior” equity interests transferred to family members. We examine the option features of the junior interest and use the Black-Scholes model to identify situations in which an estate planner could structure a plan of ownership succession that results in undervaluation of the transferred interest. The Black-Scholes model may also be used to identify situations in which a lifetime ownership transfer should be avoided because of the minimum value rule.
Innate immunity mediates myocardial preconditioning through Toll-like receptor 2 and TIRAP-dependent signaling pathways

Recent studies have implicated Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 signaling in delimiting liver and brain injury following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). To determine whether TLR2 and TLR4 conferred...
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasopressin (AVP) in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial axis of salt-loaded or Brattleboro rats.

Abstract A close anatomical relationship between nerve terminals containing neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasopressin (AVP) has been demonstrated in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON). Furthermore, injections of NPY into the SON increased plasma concentrations of AVP in the rat. These data suggest a potential involvement of hypothalamic NPY in fluid homeostasis in the rat. Therefore, we have studied the effect of elevated plasma osmolality on the concentration of NPY and AVP in the hypothalamus and neurointermediate lobe (NIL) of the pituitary gland. Furthermore, we measured the concentration of NPY in the AVP-deficient Brattleboro rat, which suffers from diabetes insipidus and hyperosmolality. Salt-loading increased plasma osmolality and the concentration of AVP from2.0 ± 0.5to4.1 ± 0.6pg/ml after 7 days. The concentration of NPY in the NIL doubled after 7 days of salt-loading, from7.9 ± 0.6ng/mg protein to15.2 ± 1.4ng/mg protein, whereas AVP concentrations fell from2285.7 ± 210.9ng/mg protein to187.5 ± 2.5ng/mg protein. AVP concentrations in the ME increased transiently after 2 days of salt-loading and returned to control levels after 7 days. In contrast, NPY concentrations in the ME were unchanged at 2 days and were increased 61% after 7 days. NPY concentrations also were significantly elevated after 7 days of salt-loading in the preoptic area (POA) and mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). The concentration of NPY in the NIL of the homozygous Brattleboro rat was 2-fold greater than in the heterozygous Brattleboro rat and 4-fold greater than in Sprague-Dawley rats used as controls. Additionally, the concentration of NPY in the POA and MBH was higher than in control animals. These studies show that NPY concentrations in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial axis are responsive to changes in fluid balance and raises the possibility that NPY may play a physiological role in the modulation of AVP secretion in the rat.
The safety of carotid endarterectomy at the time of coronary artery bypass surgery: analysis of results in a high-risk patient population.

Abstract From Jan. 1, 1979, to Dec. 31, 1983, 37 patients have undergone simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and myocardial revascularization. There were 27 men and 10 women, and their ages ranged from 45 to 74 years (mean 61.3 years). Unstable angina was present in 61%, significant stenosis in the left main coronary artery in 27%, and either unstable angina or disease of the left main coronary artery in 70% of these patients. All patients had hemodynamically significant stenosis of the carotid artery on the operated side and 14 patients (38%) had bilaterally significant disease; three patients (8%) had a contralateral total occlusion of the carotid artery. There were no deaths resulting from neurologic factors, no permanent, and only one transient (2.7%) neurologic deficits. There were three deaths from cardiac causes (8.1%). Carotid endarterectomy may be performed safely at the time of myocardial revascularization in a patient population with a high incidence of unstable angina and disease of the left main coronary artery. The evolution of and rationale for the combined surgical approach to coexistent carotid and coronary artery disease is discussed and the literature reviewed. (J VASC SURG 1985;2:558-63.)
A Preliminary Study of the Potential to Kinetic Energy Conversion Process in the Stratosphere

The potential to kinetic energy conversion process in the lower stratosphere associated with the vertical exchange of warm and cold air is evaluated using adiabatically derived vertical velocities for the North American region for a five-day period. Preliminary results suggest the possibility that on the average the kinetic energy of stratospheric motions may not result from a conversion of potential energy within the stratosphere by this process. The further implication is that stratospheric motions are maintained by the motions in the adjacent layers of the atmosphere.
Globalization of food patterns and cardiovascular disease risk.

Radical dietary shifts in many developed and developing nations are supplanting traditional patterns of eating with a Western diet high in animal products and refined carbohydrates and low in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. In China, for example, consumption of animal products increased by nearly 40% between 1989 and 1997,1 and fast-food sales more than doubled between 1999 and 2005.2 Furthermore, consumption of soft drinks has soared in the United States and worldwide.3 Article p 1929 Fueled by urbanization and the advent of the global economy, these changes in eating patterns are the most rapid and dramatic in the course of human history. The term “Coca-colonization,” a reference to the ubiquitous presence of Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and McDonald’s, describes a world that is moving toward a common diet, one accompanied by the more sedentary lifestyles associated with increased risk of chronic disease.4 But few epidemiological studies have directly linked dietary patterns in diverse populations and cultures to disease outcomes. In this issue of Circulation , Iqbal et al5 assessed dietary patterns and risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in the INTERHEART study, a standardized case-control study involving participants from 52 countries. Using the principle-component analysis technique, the authors identified 3 major dietary patterns that are largely consistent across different populations: Oriental (high intake of tofu and soy and other sauces), Western (high in fried foods, salty snacks, eggs, and meat), and prudent (high in fruit and vegetables). Consistent with previous studies in single within-population cohort studies,6,7 the authors found an inverse association between the prudent pattern score and risk of MI and a significant positive association between the Western pattern score and increased risk of MI. The Oriental pattern was not significantly associated with risk. …
Lesbian Blood Drives as Community-Building Activism in the 1980s

As gay men began voluntarily withdrawing from blood donation in the early 1980s, lesbians in community with gay men in several U.S. cities organized drives to replenish the blood supply. These drives were sometimes the continuation of previously established drives by gay-lesbian organizations or faith communities, sometimes new initiatives in response to HIV/AIDS. However, after the initial publicity, mention of lesbian blood drives in print is both scarce and brief. Focusing on drives organized from 1983 to 1992 by a group known as San Diego Blood Sisters, this article is an initial step in documenting lesbian blood drives to inform and enrich conversations about histories of responses to HIV/AIDS, theoretical discussions of how community connections in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer spectrum are enacted and understood, and emerging research on intersections of gender and sexuality as they are expressed through blood donorship.
From First Life to Second Life: Evaluating task-based language learning in a new environment / De la vie réelle à la vie virtuelle: évaluation de l'apprentissage des langues basé sur les tâches dans un nouvel environnement

Second Life is an avatar-based 3D virtual world that has recently received attention from educators and researchers in various fields to explore its pedagogical benefits. Considering the increasing implementation of technologies broadly in much instruction, this study investigated how different task types affect ESL students’ use of Second Life environment, and factors that determine success or failure of a task completion. Enrolled in a university ESL program, 34 high- and low-intermediate students participated, and they were asked to use the voice-chat function and communication features of avatars as they participated in three task types: Jigsaw, Decision-making, and Discussion tasks, representing the continuum of communicative tasks by Pica, Kanagy, and Falodun (1993). Emerging phenomena from the data described how the different levels’ of ESL students used Second Life environment in different task types, focusing on avatar use, telepresence, and affordances, and critical factors that led success or failure of task completion. « Second Life » est un univers virtuel en 3D base sur des avatars qui a recemment retenu l'attention des educateurs et des chercheurs de divers domaines, desireux d’explorer les avantages pedagogiques de ce jeu. Etant donne l’application croissante des technologies en education, cette etude a examine la maniere dont differents types de tâches affectent l’utilisation de l’environnement « Second Life » chez les etudiants d’anglais langue seconde (ALS), et les facteurs determinant le succes ou l'echec dans l’execution d’une tâche. 34 etudiants universitaires inscrits dans des programmes intermediaires d’ALS de niveaux differents ont ete invites a utiliser les fonctions de conversation orale (chat vocal) et de communication des avatars alors qu’ils participaient a trois types de tâches: casse-tete, prise de decision, et tâches de discussion, correspondant a l’eventail des tâches communicatives de Pica, Kanagy et Falodun (1993). Les donnees montrent de facon provisoire comment les d’etudiants d'ALS de differents niveaux ont utilise l’environnement « Second Life » dans des types varies de tâches, en mettant l'accent sur l'utilisation des avatars, la telepresence et les affordances, et revelent les facteurs cruciaux qui ont conduit au succes ou a l'echec dans l'execution des tâches.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Plug-In Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Technology

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have emerged as a promising technology that uses electricity to displace petroleum consumption in the vehicle fleet. This paper presents a comparison of the costs (vehicle purchase costs and energy costs) and benefits (reduced petroleum consumption) of PHEVs relative to hybrid electric and conventional vehicles. A detailed simulation model is used to predict petroleum reductions and costs of PHEV designs compared to a baseline midsize sedan. The analysis finds that petroleum reductions exceeding 45% per vehicle can be achieved by PHEVs equipped with 20 mi (32 km) or more of energy storage. However, the long-term incremental costs of these vehicles are projected to exceed US$8,000. A simple economic analysis is used to show that high petroleum prices and low battery costs are needed to make a compelling business case for PHEVs in the absence of other incentives. However, the large petroleum reduction potential of PHEVs provides strong justification for governmental support to accelerate the deployment of PHEV technology.
A stator and rotor resistance estimation technique for conductor temperature monitoring

A stator and rotor resistance (R/sub s/,R/sub r/) estimation technique for the purpose of stator winding and rotor conductor temperature (T/sub s/,T/sub r/) monitoring is presented in this paper. Since resistance is a direct indicator of temperature, resistance-based temperature estimation provides many advantages over conventional thermal model based methods. The proposed estimation scheme is a two-step procedure based on the voltage, current, and speed measurements. The first step is to estimate the rotor resistance and rotor flux linkage simultaneously based on a model reference adaptive system (MRAS) structure that is independent of R/sub s/. In the second step, the stator resistance is updated based on the estimated rotor flux linkage using the q-axis stator voltage equation in the synchronous reference frame. Simulation and experimental results are given to confirm the validity of the proposed method. An analysis of the parameter sensitivity of both estimators is also included to examine the feasibility of the proposed technique.
Non-standard work schedules, work–family conflict and parental well-being: A comparison of married and cohabiting unions

Abstract Although a growing number of American parents work non-standard schedules, evidence on the consequences of such working patterns is inconsistent and limited to married samples. This study highlights the importance of considering potential differences between cohabiting and married parents in terms of the relationship between non-standard work schedules and parental well-being. Based on pooled data from the 1997 and 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce ( n = 2346), we find that in contrast to married parents who experience some positive associations of non-standard schedules and parental well-being, cohabiting parents are more likely to experience a negative relationship between non-standard work schedules and parental well-being. Additionally, for cohabiting parents (but not married), non-standard work schedules are related to increased work–family conflict, which is in turn associated with lower levels of parental well-being.
Alternating current driven electroluminescence from ZnSe/ZnS:Mn/ZnS nanocrystals.

We present a novel technique for room temperature, solution-based fabrication of alternating current thin-film electroluminescent (AC-TFEL) devices using phosphor-doped nanocrystals. Synthesis for stable ZnSe/ZnS:Mn/ZnS nanocrystals that exhibit a quantum yield of 65 ± 5% is outlined, and their electroluminescence is demonstrated in structures consisting of only wide band gap ceramic layers. Both the nanocrystal and the ceramic films have minimal absorption across the visible light spectrum, enabling us to demonstrate transparent AC-TFEL devices.
Carbon metabolic pathways in phototrophic bacteria and their broader evolutionary implications.

Photosynthesis is the biological process that converts solar energy to biomass, bio-products and biofuel. It is the only major natural solar energy storage mechanism on Earth. To satisfy the increased demand for sustainable energy sources and identify the mechanism of photosynthetic carbon assimilation, which is one of the bottlenecks in photosynthesis, it is essential to understand the process of solar energy storage and associated carbon metabolism in photosynthetic organisms. Researchers have employed physiological studies, microbiological chemistry, enzyme assays, genome sequencing, transcriptomics, and 13C-based metabolomics/fluxomics to investigate central carbon metabolism and enzymes that operate in phototrophs. In this report, we review diverse CO2 assimilation pathways, acetate assimilation, carbohydrate catabolism, the TCA cycle and some key and/or unconventional enzymes in central carbon metabolism of phototrophic microorganisms. We also discuss the reducing equivalent flow during photoautotrophic and photoheterotrophic growth, evolutionary links in the central carbon metabolic network, and correlations between photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms. Considering the metabolic versatility in these fascinating and diverse photosynthetic bacteria, many essential questions in their central carbon metabolism still remain to be addressed.
Raman Investigation of Fullerene [60] under Hydrostatic Pressure

We report the results of a study of adsorption of small molecules on the surface of buckminsterfullerene, C60. The pressure dependence of the Raman spectrum was investigated over the range 0–10 GPa in methanol-water mixtures that were used as the pressure transmitting fluid (PTF) in a diamond anvil cell. It is found that the spectral shift and its pressure derivative are sensitive to both the applied pressure and to the composition of the PTF. These observations are consistent with an explanation that involves preferential adsorption onto the surface of the C60. In particular, the notion of C60 collapse needs not be invoked to explain the observations.
Intelligence‐Sharing in the European Union: Institutions Are Not Enough*

The European Union (EU) has developed three institutions to facilitate intelligencesharing between its Member States: the Berne Group, Europol and the European Union Military Staff. These institutions serve the useful function of creating technical mechanisms for the diffusion of intelligence among national authorities. But they do not tackle the problem of mistrust, which is the key barrier to fully effective intelligencesharing. This article shows that mistrust of the interests of other Member States inhibits intelligence-sharing, that existing institutions fail to overcome this mistrust and suggest changes that could lead to more effective sharing.
Reoperative Aortic Surgery

The presentation of long-term complications after conventional aortic surgery and the treatment of patients that have had reoperative aortic operations are reviewed. Ninety-seven consecutive patients that had 102 subsequent aortic operations at a tertiary referral center were studied. Presenting symptoms, demographics, risk factors, indications for initial and second procedures, operative techniques and outcomes were recorded in a computerized database. There were 70 men and 27 women studied, with an average age of 64 years. First operations were performed primarily for aneurysm (56%) and occlusive disease (44%). The interval between procedures ranged up to 23 years, with a mean of 6 years. Indications for reoperation were subsequent aneurysm (65), graft occlusions (25) and/or infections (24). Seventy-three percent of the subsequent aneurysms were true metachronous aneurysms; the others were associated with the graft or an anastomosis. Para-anastomotic aneurysms may be more common with a primary end-to-side graft configuration. One-third of subsequent aneurysms were not palpable and asymptomatic. Graft occlusion can be treated safely with elective repeat bypass (mortality 0%). Graft infections that require total graft removal remain a challenging problem (mortality 17%). Although surgical approach for reoperations utilized more extensive exposure and proximal clamping, 59 elective aneurysm cases had a 5.1% mortality rate; eight emergent procedures for ruptured aneurysms resulted in 88% mortality. Reoperation for graft occlusion or infection showed a similar high mortality rate with emergent cases. In this referral practice, graft occlusion and infection are relatively less frequent, whereas metachronous aneurysm formation is now the most common indication for reoperation. These aneurysms often remain undetected until symptoms occur; frank rupture is usually lethal. As elective repair with modern reoperative techniques can be safely performed, routine computed tomographic examination is advisable at least every 5 years after aortic operations.
A Comparison of the Nutritive Value of Opaque-2 and Normal Corn for the Laying Hen

Abstract THE interest in the nutritive value of corn was increased when Mertz et al. (1964) announced that the mutant opaque-2 gene caused a marked alteration of the amino acid content of corn endosperm protein, thereby improving its nutritional quality. Opaque-2 corn has been shown to have a higher nutritional value than normal corn for the rat (Mertz et al., 1965; and Mertz, 1966), pig (Cromwell et al., 1967a, c, 1968; and Klein et al., 1967), chick (Cromwell et al, 1967b, 1968) and human (Bressani, 1966; and Clark, 1966). The purpose of this work was to investigate that nutritional quality of opaque-2 corn for the laying hen. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Two experiments were conducted to study the nutritional value of a high protein opaque-2 corn (Experiment 1) and opaque-2 corn (Experiment 2) in laying hen diets. The high protein opaque-2 corn was obtained by crossing the W64A (O2/O2) inbred strain with Illinois. . .
An audio ADC delta-sigma modulator with 100 dB SINAD and 102 dB DR using a second-order mismatch-shaping DAC

A second-order audio ADC /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator using a low-complexity 33-level second-order mismatch-shaping DAC is presented. The DAC encoder is designed to reduce signal-dependent DAC noise modulation. The prototype was implemented in a 3.3 V 0.5 /spl mu/m single-poly CMOS process, and it achieves 100 dB SINAD and 102 dB DR.
Surviving to Tell the Tale: Josef Haslinger’s Phi Phi Island (2007)

Literary texts about historical disasters tend to offer moral, political, or scientific interpretations of the occurrence that go well beyond the immediate experience of a catastrophe. They are, almost exclusively, written by people who did not in fact experience the catastrophic event. Survivor accounts, by contrast, typically do not have literary qualities. "Phi Phi Island", the Austrian writer and essayist Josef Haslinger's literary report on how he and his family lived through the tsunami of 2004, is an exception. Point of departure for Haslinger's narrative is his inability to rejoice in the fact that he is alive. Carefully crafted and beautifully realized, his text combines the reconstruction of the events with reflections about how one can tell such a story in the first place. This essay analyzes Haslinger's strategies for coming to terms with the coincidence of survival, observing that the very personal nature of the report stands in noticeable contrast to the writer's commitment to political commentary in his other works.
Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a novel biomarker for disease activity in lupus nephritis

Objectives. Clinical and laboratory markers in current use have limited specificity and sensitivity for predicting the development of renal disease in lupus patients. In this longitudinal study, we investigated whether urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) predicts active nephritis and renal flares in lupus patients with and without a history of biopsy-proven lupus nephritis. Methods. Renal disease activity and flare status was determined by SLEDAI and BILAG scores. Random effects models were used to determine whether uNGAL was a significant predictor for renal disease activity in SLE patients, and for renal flares in patients with established nephritis. To assess the predictive performance of uNGAL, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed using the previous visit’s uNGAL level. These curves were then compared with curves constructed with currently used biomarkers. Cut-offs determined by ROC curves were tested in an independent validation cohort. Results. uNGAL was found to be a significant predictor of renal disease activity in all SLE patients, and a significant predictor for flare in patients with a history of biopsy-proven nephritis, in multivariate models adjusting for age, race, sex and anti-double-stranded (ds)DNA antibody titres. As a predictor of renal flare in patients with biopsy-proven nephritis, uNGAL outperformed anti-dsDNA antibody titres. These results were confirmed in an independent validation cohort. Conclusions. uNGAL predicts renal flare in patients with a history of biopsy-proven nephritis with high sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, uNGAL is a more sensitive and specific forecaster of renal flare in patients with a history of lupus nephritis than anti-dsDNA antibody titres.
Hybrid Cascaded H-bridges Multilevel Motor Drive Control for Electric Vehicles

This paper presents a hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel motor drive control scheme for electric/hybrid electric vehicles where each phase of a three-phase cascaded multilevel converter can be implemented using only a single DC source and capacitors for the other DC sources. Traditionally, each phase of a three-phase cascaded multilevel converter requires n DC sources for 2n + 1 output voltage levels. In this paper, a scheme is proposed that allows the use of a single DC source as the first DC source with the remaining n − 1 DC sources being capacitors. It is shown that a simple 7-level equal step output voltage switching control can simultaneously maintain the balance of DC voltage levels of the capacitors, eliminate specified low order non-triplen harmonics, and produce a nearly sinusoidal three-phase output voltage. This scheme therefore provides the capability to produce higher voltages at higher speeds (where they are needed) with a low switching frequency method for motor drive application, which has inherent low switching losses and high conversion efficiency. This control scheme especially fits fuel cell electric vehicle motor drive applications and hybrid electric vehicle motor drive applications.
Diffraction strain measurements in a partially crystallized bulk metallic glass composite containing ductile particles

In situ diffraction experiments were performed with high-energy synchrotron X-rays to examine load partitioning and high-stress relaxation during uniaxial compression of a bulk metallic glass composite containing both ductile tantalum particles and crystallized matrix material. The tantalum particles yielded at an applied stress of )800 MPa, while the matrix precipitates remained elastic up to the maximum applied stress of )1250 MPa. The von Mises effective stress in the tantalum particles at yielding was 1500 MPa, well in excess of typical tantalum yield stresses, which is attributed to a combination of solid-solution strengthening and the inhibition of dislocation motion in the 1–2 lm particles. A series of constant crosshead-position measurements made at )1250 MPa suggested the possibility of roomtemperature matrix relaxation under high applied loads. 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in the New Millennium

Clinical trials conducted in the latter part of the past millennium suggested that bleeding from gastric stress ulceration was an important cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and that treatment with acid-suppressive therapy reduced the risk of clinically significant bleeding. Stress ulcer prophylaxis therefore became regarded as the standard of care in all ICU patients. However, more recent clinical trials have demonstrated that the risk of clinically significant bleeding is extremely low (about 1%) and not altered by the use of acid-suppressive therapy. Furthermore, a critical review of the “historical” clinical trials, as well as the data from experimental and more recent clinical trials, suggests that enteral feeding (gastric) is at least as effective as acid-suppressive therapy in the prevention of gastric stress ulceration and is the prophylactic measure of choice in most ICU patients.
Learning in dynamic environments with Ensemble Selection for autonomous outdoor robot navigation

Autonomous robot navigation in unstructured outdoor environments is a challenging area of active research. The navigation task requires identifying safe, traversable paths which allow the robot to progress toward a goal while avoiding obstacles. Machine learning techniques - in particular, classifier ensembles - are well adapted to this task, accomplishing near-to-far learning by augmenting near-field stereo readings in order to identify safe terrain and obstacles in the far field. Composition of the ensemble and subsequent combination of model outputs in this dynamic problem domain remain open questions. Recently, Ensemble selection has been proposed as a mechanism for selecting and combining models from an existing model library and shown to perform well in static domains. We propose the adaptation of this technique to the time-evolving data associated with the outdoor robot navigation domain. Important research questions as to the composition of the model library, as well as how to combine selected modelspsila outputs, are addressed in a two-factor experimental evaluation. We evaluate the performance of our technique on six fully labeled datasets, and show that our technique outperforms memoryless baseline techniques that do not leverage past experience.
Ontologies of Linguistic Annotation: Survey and perspectives

This paper announces the release of the Ontologies of Linguistic Annotation (OLiA). The OLiA ontologies represent a repository of annotation terminology for various linguistic phenomena on a great band-width of languages. This paper summarizes the results of five years of research, it describes recent developments and directions for further research.
MOLECULAR PACKING IN TRIACYL-sn-GLYCEROLS: INFLUENCES OF ACYL CHAIN LENGTH AND UNSATURATION

Abstract The molecular packing in triacylglycerols having different acyl chains has been examined by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy (infrared and Raman) techniques. In the triacylglycerols examined, the acyl chain length, unsaturation or the position of substitution on the glycerol were changed systematically to observe their influence on the molecular packing in different polymorphic forms. Variation in the 3-acyl chain length of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerols (PPX) influenced the molecular packing along the long axis in the stable polymorphic forms. Three different modes of packing were observed. If X ≤ 4, the compounds packed in a bilayer structure similar to diacylglycerols, or if X ≥ 10 and ≤ 16 the compounds packed in a bilayer structure but similar to mono acid triacylglycerols. However for intermediate 3-acyl chain lengths, as in PP6 and PP8 the stable packing can occured only through chain segregation resulting in a trilayer structure...
Model Fusion for the Compatibility Verification of Software Components

Similarly as in earlier work on component compatibility, the behavior of components is specified by component interface languages, defined by labeled Petri nets. In the case of composition of concurrent components, the requests from different components can be interleaved, and - as shown earlier - such interleaving can result in deadlocks in the composed system even if each pair of interacting components is deadlock–free. Therefore the elements of a component–based system are considered compatible only if the composition is deadlock–free. This paper formally defines model fusion, which is a composition of net models of individual components that represents the interleaving of interface languages of interacting components. It also shows that the verification of component compatibility can avoid the exhaustive analysis of the composed state space.
Studies of the nucleon structure in back-to-back SIDIS

The Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) proved to be a great tool in testing of the theory of strong interactions, which was a major focus in last decades. Semi-Inclusive DIS (SIDIS), with detection of an additional hadron allowed first studies of 3D structure of the nucleon, moving the main focus from testing the QCD to understanding of strong interactions and quark gluon dynamics to address a number of puzzles accumulated in recent years. Detection of two hadrons in SIDIS, which is even more complicated, provides access to details of quark gluon interactions inaccessible in single-hadron SIDIS, providing a new avenue to study the complex nucleon structure. Large acceptance of the Electron Ion Collider, allowing detection of two hadrons, produced back-to-back in the current and target fragmentation regions, combined with clear separation of two regions, would provide a unique possibility to study the nucleon structure in target fragmentation region, and correlations of target and current fragmentation regions.
Numerical Insights into Liquefaction-Induced Building Settlement

The effective design of earthquake resistant structures and liquefaction mitigation techniques requires an improved understanding of the consequences of liquefaction. To provide insight, a series of four centrifuge experiments were performed, which involved structural models founded atop a layered soil deposit that included a liquefiable layer. Results from these centrifuge experiments were utilized to evaluate the predictive capabilities of a state-of-the-practice numerical tool. Numerical simulations with the UBCSAND model implemented in FLAC-2D captured building settlements measured in these experiments reasonably well, mostly within a factor of 0.7 and 1.8. The soil model captured the overall contribution of deviatoric displacement mechanisms (i.e., SSI-induced building ratcheting and partial bearing failure) and localized volumetric strains during partially drained cyclic loading. The model was not able to capture all aspects of the soil's response to earthquake loading. In these experiments, it overestimated the extent of soil softening and building displacement for slower rates of earthquake energy buildup.
Preliminary Evaluation of Drivers’ Responses to a Roadside Animal Warning System:

The problem of vehicle-animal crashes is one of the few areas in which the number of incidents has been climbing steadily in recent years. Many strategies and technologies have been investigated over the years to try to reduce the number of vehicle-animal crashes, and each have had their own strengths and shortcomings. Thus far, no single strategy or technology has proven to be an effective solution. In this project, a 0.6 mi (1 km) site in Northern California, along State Route 3, near the city of Fort Jones, was selected based on a high frequency of vehicle-deer collisions to test a new animal detection and driver warning system. An animal detection system used microwave break-a-beam technology to detect objects along side or crossing the roadway, and warnings were provided to drivers using dynamic, LED, warning signs. These signs were typically blank in the off position and were only illuminated when the animal detection system detected a beam break. Coupled with the animal detection and driver warning...
Mutational Analysis of a C-Dependent Late Promoter of Bacteriophage Mu

Late transcription of bacteriophage Mu initiates at four promoters, P(lys), PI, PP and Pmom, and requires the Mu C protein and the host RNA polymerase. Promoter-containing DNA fragments extending approximately 200 bp upstream and downstream of the 5' starts of the lys, I and P transcripts were cloned into a multicopy lacZ-expression plasmid. Promoter activity, assayed by beta-galactosidase expression, was determined under two different conditions: (1) with C provided from a compatible plasmid in the absence of other Mu factors and (2) with C provided from an induced Mu prophage. beta-galactosidase activities were greatest for P(lys), intermediate for PI, and lowest for PP. Similar analysis of plasmids containing nested sets of deletions removing 5' or 3' sequences of P(lys) demonstrated that a 68-bp region was sufficient for full activity. Point mutations were generated within the 68-bp region by mutagenic oligonucleotide-directed PCR (Mod-PCR). Properties of the lys promoter mutants indicated that, in addition to the -10 region, a 19-bp region from -52 to -34 containing the C footprint is required for C-dependent promoter activity.
Design of Robust Controller Based on Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI)

A standard form of LMI is presented, and the relationship between a control problem and LMI is studied. The design of a robust controller based on LMI, and the analysis and synthesis of H ∞ control are emphatically discussed. It is described how to transform the design of the robust controller into LMI forms, and the algorithm of H ∞ control by solving LMI is presented. A LMI-based robust controller in a underwater vehicle is designed, and the simulation results show the algorithm of H ∞ control is feasible and effective.
Teaching Clinical Ophthalmology: Medical Student Feedback on Team Case-Based Versus Lecture Format.

Objective Team-based learning with case presentations in small groups in the medical school education setting allows students to be actively engaged and interactive with their peers to work through real-world clinical scenarios. Our objective is to assess the effects of this curriculum on the medical student experience. Design This study was designed to gather feedback from medical students on an ophthalmology elective regarding their experience with our newly developed team-based learning curriculum. Settings Feedback evaluations were completed by medical students at the end of their elective and consisted of both a Likert scare rating and a free-response section. Participants A total of 30 medical students. Results Students rated the case-based sessions significantly better than traditional lecture format with respect to the overall learning experience (p = 0.004), enjoyment of learning (p Conclusions There is a strong preference by medical students for team-based learning within clinical ophthalmology.
Intellectual Property and the Commons in Synthetic Biology: Strategies to Facilitate an Emerging Technology

Summary form only given. Synthetic biology is an emerging discipline that uses engineering principles to design and assemble biological components. Potential applications span medicine, energy, and other fields. But there is evidence that ambiguous intellectual property rights claims create an "anti-commons" problem in which legal concerns deter innovation and challenge some synthetic biologists' fervent open-source ethos. This paper discusses intellectual property rights (IPR) conflicts in basic research and in commercialization.
CATCHING UP AND STAYING OUT OF TROUBLE: SERIOUS JUVENILE OFFENDERS’ FACILITY SCHOOL EXPERIENCES AND THEIR TRANSITION TO THE COMMUNITY

ix Introduction 1 Delinquency in Adolescence 4 A Portrait of (Serious) Juvenile Offenders 5 Cumulative Disadvantage and Life Course Development of Crime 9 Effects of Arrest and Incarceration on Subsequent Behavior 11 Incarceration of juveniles in adult prisons. 12 Collateral Effects of Arrest and Incarceration 13 Reduced educational attainment 14 Psychosocial consequences of incarceration during adolescence. 15 Association with deviant peers 18 The Role of Education in Reducing Delinquency of Juvenile Offenders 20 Correctional education programs. 22 Work placement and reentry of emerging adults. 27 Limitations of Existing Research 29 Developmental perspective of incarceration and reentry. 30 Inclusion of individual perspective of education experience. 32
Previous GWAS hits in relation to young-onset breast cancer

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified dozens of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with breast cancer. Few studies focused on young-onset breast cancer, which exhibits etiologic and tumor-type differences from older-onset disease. Possible confounding by prenatal effects of the maternal genome has also not been considered. Using a family-based design for breast cancer before age 50, we assessed the relationship between breast cancer and 77 GWAS-identified breast cancer risk SNPs. We estimated relative risks (RR) for inherited and maternally mediated genetic effects. We also used published RR estimates to calculate genetic risk scores and model joint effects. Seventeen of the candidate SNPs were nominally associated with young-onset breast cancer in our 1296 non-Hispanic white affected families (uncorrected p value <0.05). Top-ranked SNPs included rs3803662-A (TOX3, RR = 1.39; p = 7.0 × 10−6), rs12662670-G (ESR1, RR = 1.56; p = 5.7 × 10−4), rs2981579-A (FGFR2, RR = 1.24; p = 0.002), and rs999737-G (RAD51B, RR = 1.37; p = 0.003). No maternally mediated effects were found. A risk score based on all 77 SNPs indicated that their overall relationship to young-onset breast cancer risk was more than additive (additive-fit p = 2.2 × 10−7) and consistent with a multiplicative joint effect (multiplicative-fit p = 0.27). With the multiplicative formulation, the case sister’s genetic risk score exceeded that of her unaffected sister in 59% of families. The results of this family-based study indicate that no effects of previously identified risk SNPs were explained by prenatal effects of maternal variants. Many of the known breast cancer risk variants were associated with young-onset breast cancer, with evidence that TOX3, ESR1, FGFR2, and RAD51B are important for young-onset disease.
'Keep It Coochie': Reimagining the Boundaries of Race, Gender, and Sexuality in Dominant Hip-Hop Culture through Raunch Aesthetics

Hip-Hop is one of the most mass-mediated cultural art-forms, transmitting critical messages concerning Black American identity and values around gender and sexuality constructs. Emerging rappers Cakes da Killa and Junglepussy utilize the raunch aesthetic, as conceptualized by Jillian Hernandez (2014), to challenge and establish new subjectivities in hiphop. This research explores a qualitative contextual analysis of lyrics and visual imagery. Through this overt sexual expression, these artists reject notions of respectable and monolithic Black Queer identities and womanhood. In the process, they affirm their space within hip-hop culture as subjects, crafting their own narratives of empowerment.
An Emerging Trend: Is Big Data the End of Theory? †

“Big data” from online communities opens up unprecedented opportunities for social scientists to track human behavior and social interaction in real time and on the individual level yet on a global scale. Will the empirical windfall make theory unnecessary by allowing scientists to search for whatever pattern is “out there,” expected or otherwise? This essay argues that the deluge of relational data promises a new beginning for causal explanation, for two reasons. First, these new sources of data—from friends, peers, neighbors, colleagues, and coworkers—avoid the atomistic theoretical bias imposed by a half century of reliance on surveys administered to stratified random samples. Second, the growing ability to conduct online experiments with randomized trials makes it possible to test theories about the causal processes that underlie observed patterns. Keywords: big data; online communities; social interaction; theory; homophily
Digital literacy in the marketing curriculum: Are female college students prepared for digital jobs?

Employers seeking to capitalize on current marketing graduates’ technological savvy may find a disappointing gap between their expectations and students’ digital preparedness. This study examines t...
Multimodality imaging using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in local prostate cancer.

Multimodality imaging using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in local prostate cancer
Analyte preconcentration in nanofluidic channels with nonuniform zeta potential

A simulation of analyte preconcentration in a gated nanofluidic device finds that local field-effect control of surface properties can generate tunable ion concentration polarization regions in which anionic analytes are predicted to significantly accumulate if the electric double layers overlap.
Pharmacy Student Monitoring of Direct Oral Anticoagulants.

Background:Best practice recommendations are lacking. Thus far, literature has described pharmacist-led DOAC monitoring.Objective:The purpose of this study is to describe a DOAC monitoring program ...