cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experiential Avoidance as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Anxiety Sensitivity and Perceived Stress

Given the significant deleterious effects of stress on psychological and physical well-being, the present two-part study sought to clarify relations among putative vulnerability factors (i.e., anxiety sensitivity, experiential avoidance) for perceived stress. Relations among anxiety sensitivity, experiential avoidance, and perceived stress were examined using a large college student sample (N=400) in Study 1 and were replicated using a large community sample (N=838) in Study 2. As predicted, experiential avoidance moderated the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and perceived stress. Contrary to expectations, simple effects in both studies revealed that anxiety sensitivity shared a significant positive association with perceived stress at low, but not high, levels of experiential avoidance. The moderating role of experiential avoidance was found to be robust to the effects of general distress. Moreover, anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance evidenced a differential pattern of relations with perceived stress than was evidenced with related negative affective states (i.e., anxiety and depression). The present results suggest that experiential avoidance appears to be a vulnerability factor of particular importance for understanding the phenomenology of perceived stress. Conceptual and clinical implications are discussed.
Laser Vaporization and Plume Chemistry in a Boron Nitride Nanotube Production Rig

Flow in a pressurized, vapor condensation boron nitride nanotube production rig is modeled. A laser provides a thermal energy source to the tip of a boron fiber bundle in a high-pressure nitrogen chamber causing a plume of boron-rich gas to rise. The buoyancy-driven flow is modeled as a mixture of thermally perfect gases (B, B2, N, N2, BN) in either thermochemical equilibrium or chemical nonequilibrium, assuming steady-state melt and vaporization from a 1 mm radius spot at the axis of an axisymmetric chamber. The simulation is intended to define the macroscopic thermochemical environment from which boron-rich species, including nanotubes, condense out of the plume. Simulations indicate a high-temperature environment (T>4400 K) for elevated pressures within 1 mm of the surface, sufficient to dissociate molecular nitrogen and form BN at the base of the plume. Modifications to the program LAURA, a finite volume-based solver for hypersonic flows including coupled radiation and ablation, are described to enab...
off -State Degradation in Drain-Extended NMOS Transistors: Interface Damage and Correlation to Dielectric Breakdown

Off-state degradation in drain-extended NMOS transistors is studied. Carefully designed experiments and well-calibrated simulations show that hot carriers, which are generated by impact ionization of surface band-to-band tunneling current, are responsible for interface damage during off-state stress. Classical on-state hot carrier degradation has historically been associated with broken equivSi-H bonds at the interface. In contrast, the off-state degradation in drain-extended devices is shown to be due to broken equivSi-O- bonds. The resultant degradation is universal, which enables a long-term extrapolation of device degradation at operating bias conditions based on short-term stress data. Time evolution of degradation due to broken equivSi-O- bonds and the resultant universal behavior is explained by a bond-dispersion model. Finally, we show that, under off-state stress conditions, the interface damage that is measured by charge-pumping technique is correlated with dielectric breakdown time, as both of them are driven by broken equivSi-O- bonds.
Microelectrode arrays: structures and applications

The rapidly advancing technology of microelectronics is being employed by several research groups to develop microelectrode arrays for use in life science research. The authors review the development of microelectrodes using silicon-based technology over the last decade. Silicon-based technology is applied to micromachine structures that are used as substrates for electrode arrays. The resulting microelectrodes are now being utilized in cardiac and neural mapping applications at Duke University Medical Center. Specific applications in the electrophysiology of taste and smell are presented. >
Black Cinderella: multicultural literature and school curriculum

This article discusses diversity issues evident in fairy tales and explores the pedagogical implications for adding counter-narratives in the school curriculum. Critical Race Theory is employed. In order to uncover contradictory discourses of race within Black cultures, four Africana (African, African American, and Caribbean) Cinderella tale types are analysed. The conclusion is that although the tales are racially similar and fulfil diversity requirements in a literature-based curriculum, such tales are not necessarily interchangeable. Rather, there are ample differences that warrant further attention. It is important that schoolteachers be aware of this, as they develop criteria that may enable them to make informed decisions about children’s books for their classrooms.
Single-stage comprehensive surgical treatment of the rheumatoid arthritis temporomandibular joint patient.

Purpose To prospectively evaluate the outcomes of single-stage reconstruction of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathologic features and an associated dentofacial deformity. Patients and Methods Fifteen patients (12 females, 3 males) with RA underwent TMJ reconstruction, with or without a Le Fort I osteotomy in a single operation. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at the longest follow-up intervals. Numeric analog scales were used for subjective evaluation of TMJ pain, jaw function, diet, and disability. The maximal interincisal opening, lateral excursions, and TMJ crepitus were recorded at each visit. Standardized cephalometric acetate tracings were superimposed to assess for surgical (immediately after surgery compared with before surgery) and postoperative (longest follow-up interval compared with immediately after surgery) changes. Results The average patient age was 27.4 years (range 15 to 61), and the follow-up was 34.3 months (range 10 to 77). At the longest follow-up interval, all 15 patients had had a statistically significant reduction in the incidence and severity of TMJ pain and headaches. The average maximal interincisal opening increased after surgery, but the difference was not statistically significant. Lateral excursions decreased significantly after surgery. Dietary restrictions and disability were significantly improved, and TMJ crepitus had reduced significantly. The average advancement at point B was 21.7 mm (range 14 to 28), and the postoperative change at the longest follow-up interval was 0.1 mm (range 0 to 1). The average pogonion advancement was 29.2 mm (range 19.5 to 38), with a postoperative change of 0.2 mm (range 0 to 1). The average gonion vertical lengthening was 20.7 mm (range 10.5 to 29) with a postoperative change of 1.4 mm (range 0 to 4.5). The average occlusal plane angle change was a decrease of 20.7° (range 16° to 26°), with a postoperative change of 0.4° (range 0° to 2°). Of the 15 patients, 10 had undergone maxillary orthognathic surgery performed at the same operation. The average advancement of these 10 patients at point A was 3 mm (range 2 to 7), and the postoperative change was 0.5 mm (range 0 to 1). Conclusions Surgical correction of rheumatoid-associated TMJ disease and the resulting dentofacial deformity can successfully be performed in a single operation using custom-made TMJ total joint prostheses to reconstruct the TMJs and advance the mandible, with maxillary orthognathic surgery and genioplasty performed at the same operation when indicated. The significant reduction in TMJ dysfunction symptoms and the long-term stability of the orthognathic surgery movements show the benefits and predictability of treating these complex patients with this treatment protocol.
Construction Problems and Field Extensions

During the earlier parts of this book, we started always from Euclid’s geometry, developing and expanding it using our modern mathematical awareness. Because of the construction of the field of segment arithmetic, one could even argue that the use of fields in Chapter 4 arises naturally from the geometry. In this chapter, however, we will make use of modern algebra, the theory of equations and field extensions, and in particular the Galois theory, as it developed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Evaluation of Inferential Performance Through Confidence Bounds for Power Curves

In analysis of complex survey data, explores the inferential effects of point estimation bias, variance estimation bias, and variance estimator instability, which can seriously affect the power of a statistical test and the confidence intervals.
Responsible Sourcing in Supply Chains

We analyze the sourcing decision of a buyer choosing between two supplier types: responsible suppliers are costly but adhere to strict social and environmental responsibility standards, whereas risky suppliers are less expensive but may experience responsibility violations. A segment of the consumer population, called socially conscious, is willing to pay a higher price for a product sourced from a responsible supplier and may not purchase in the event of a responsibility violation from a risky supplier. We identify four possible sourcing strategies that a buyer might employ: low cost sourcing (sourcing from the risky supplier), dual sourcing, responsible niche sourcing (sourcing from a responsible supplier and selling only to socially conscious consumers), and responsible mass market sourcing (sourcing responsibly and selling to all consumers). We determine when each strategy is optimal and show that efforts to improve supply chain responsibility that focus on consumers (by increasing their willingness t...
Scaling Law for Fast Light in Cascaded Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

Fast light with scaling law using cascaded quantum-well semiconductor optical amplifiers is demonstrated and modeled. Delay-bandwidth and frequency tuning are achieved by varying the number of amplifiers or coupling amplifier-to-amplifier attenuation.
Cardiac prostheses: toward permanent implantation.

The pneumatically actuated total artificial heart (TAH) can maintain normal physiology in man and in experimental animals for several months with extracorporeal pneumatic actuation through the skin. The ultimate goal is the development of a totally implantable cardiac prosthesis that functions for a minimum of two years. The Cleveland Clinic Foundation’s cardiac prosthesis is a pusher-plate type of blood pump that uses protein-coated blood contact surfaces and trileaflet dura mater valves. The pusher-plate design for mechanical actuation provides a net stroke volume of 80 ml. It can pump as much as 9.6 L/min at 120 beats/min with 15 mm Hg inlet pressure. Total artificial hearts and the left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) were implanted in calves without anticoagulation for as long as seven months. Our group is developing a mechanically actuated universal blood pump for use as a TAH and LVAD, compatible with either thermal or electrical actuation systems. We have also developed a parathoracic version of the LVAD. The application of newly developed implantable actuation systems to cardiac prostheses offers many alternatives to the traditional pneumatic method. These methods should allow the patient to live a nearly normal life. We summarize the recent work in this area and identify the relevant design features and mechanical actuation systems for cardiac prostheses.
Coexistence of CO_2 and H_2S Corroding Tubing under Down Hole Environment

The harmfulness of coexistence of CO_2 and H_2S in oil and nature gas jointly corroding tubular goods is expounded.The research direction and contemporary trends of corrosion by CO_2 and H_2S are analyzed.The mechanism of this coexistence corroding tubular goods and its influenced factors are emphatically discussed in theory.It is tentatively found that when H_2S coexists with CO_2,the mechanism is likely that in liquid phase,first CO_2 acts on steel to generate FeCO_3;then H_2S acts on FeCO_3 to generate even more stable FeXSY;the FeXSY absorbed layer play a partial obstructed part in the migration of ions.The influenced factors of corrosion by CO_2 and H_2S mainly include three types,temperature,pressure and velocity.The central issue of tubular goods corrosion will focus on the combined corrosion of this coexistence.
Establishment of the Mutual Mode Finger Print for Radix Curcumae

OBJECTIVE To provide a new method of quality control for radix curcumae which is among Zhe Ba Wei(eight famous Chinese crude drugs of Zhejiang Province),by establishing the mutual mode finger print of gas chromatogram according to the character of the chemical ingredient in radix curcumae.METHODS HPLC was used with HP-5 chromatogram column(30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm) and FID detector,temperature programming was used on column temperature,the amount of sample was 1 μL. RESULTS There were total 22 mutual peaks in the finger print of the 6 groups of radix curcumae,Compared with that of control samples,the S peak among them represented curcumenol.CONCLUSION The character and specificity of radix curcumae's finger print is remarkable,which can be combined with assaying in the quality control of radix curcumae as Chinese crude drug and ensuring the homogenicity of the production.
Characteristics of preparation technology of new TCM drugs

The exploration,phases,pertinence,relationship and feasibility of preparation technology for new drugs from traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) were reviewed.The points of research and evaluation,and some general problems in the preparation of new TCM drugs were also analyzed to provide references for the RD of new TCM drugs.
Hu Jintao and the CCP’s ideology: A historical perspective

The role of ideology in Chinese politics has experienced dramatic changes in the past six decades. Mao Zedong had tremendous power over the political institutions of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). During the Cultural Revolution, he mobilized the masses against the Party’s institutions in the name of Mao Zedong Thought. Deng Xiaoping significantly downplayed the role of ideology in politics by trying to avoid theoretical debates. Jiang Zemin invented a new thought, “Three Represents,” yet the thought was detached from his name when it was enshrined in the CCP Constitution. Most recently, as a result of the political succession at the Sixteenth National Congress of the CCP, Jiang is no longer the most authoritative interpreter of the thought. Now it is Hu Jintao, new General Secretary of the CCP, who has become the official interpreter of the thought. He offered a new interpretation in his July 1st speech on the “Three Represents” in 2003. It seems that ideology is no longer a personal trademark. It has become an asset of the Party and been institutionalized under Hu Jintao because Hu has become the legitimate interpreter of the Party’s ideology as the General Secretary of the Party.
A glass menagerie of low complexity sequences

Remarkably simple proteins play outsize roles in the execution of developmental complexity within biological systems. Sequence information determines structure and hence function, so how do low complexity sequences fulfill their functions? Recent discoveries are raising the curtain on a new dimension of the sequence-structure paradigm. In it, function derives not from the structures of individual proteins, but instead, from dynamic material properties of entire ensembles of the proteins acting in unison through phase changes. These phases include liquids, one-dimensional crystals, and - as elaborated herein - even glasses. The peculiar thermodynamics of glass-like protein assemblies, in particular, illuminate new principles of information flow through and, at times, orthogonal to the central dogma of molecular biology.
Definitions of Adherence, Types of Adherence Problems, and Adherence Rates

A 10-year-old boy with asthma presents in the emergency room looking pale, having extreme problems breathing and is admitted to the intensive care unit. After several days, his asthma is stabilized and he is sent home. This pattern has been repeated several times over the past several years for this boy. The boy and his mother report that he “usually” takes all his prescribed inhaled and oral medications to treat his asthma and rarely misses a dose. His pulmonary function test results, his frequent visits to the emergency room, and his repeated hospitalizations would suggest otherwise.
Organizing a wildcat: the United States postal strike of 1970

AbstractThis article, part of a larger work in progress, uses archives, key secondary sources, and oral histories from participants in the 1970 United States postal wildcat strike for better pay and working conditions to argue that this was a monumental event both unique and representative of the times. It was a rank-and-file effort that began in New York City – with a history of labor militancy – and rapidly spread across the country. The strike defied federal statute outlawing federal employee strikes, and also union leaders who opposed striking. A spike in 1960s hiring of blacks, veterans, women, and young people, combined with established labor unity tradition, a nationwide workplace and long-simmering frustrations produced the strike. But its dual character (both spontaneous and organized by local union officials and activists) allowed it to grow and maintain for eight days with no central coordination. Besides winning a living wage, the strike triggered the transformation of the US Post Office Depar...
Exploring Academia: Professionalization and Undergraduate Collaboration

Early opportunities for academic professionalization—through opportunities to teach and research in collaboration with professors—provide undergraduates with the tools needed to be successful in graduate school and in subsequent employment. Here, we advocate for more professors to consider collaboration with undergraduates, so students may practice leadership skills within the academic setting.
Effect of Polymer–Fullerene Interaction on the Dielectric Properties of the Blend

It is commonly believed that large dielectric constants are required for efficient charge separation in polymer photovoltaic devices. However, many polymers used in high-performance solar cells do not possess high dielectric constants. In this work, the effect of polymer–fullerene interactions on the dielectric environment of the active layer blend and the device performance for several donor–acceptor conjugated polymer systems is investigated. It is found that, while none of the high-performing polymers studied has a dielectric constant value larger than 3, all polymer–fullerene blends have a significantly larger dielectric constant compared to their pristine constituents. Additionally, it is found that the blend dielectric constant reaches a maximum value in fully optimized devices. Using PTB7:PC71BM blends as an example, it is showed that, in addition to a small increase in the dielectric constant, devices fabricated using the optimum processing additive concentration exhibit almost 3X larger excited state polarizability. This large increase in excited state polarizability results in a substantial difference in short-circuit current and ultimately device performance. The results show that the excited state polarizability critically depends on polymer–fullerene interactions, and can be a leading indicator of device performance for a given material system.
Neutron Streaming Through Gaps in Fusion Reactor Shielding

Calculations have been performed using the Monte Carlo code, MORSE-CG, to determine the neutron streaming through various straight and stepped gaps between radiation shield sectors in the conceptua...
Optimal Allocation of Space in Retail Advertisements and Mail-order Catalogues: Theory and a First-approximation Decision Rule

The problem of allocating space to different products in a mail-order catalogue or retail advertisement is often bedevilled by the absence of information about the ‘space elasticity of demand’. Usually, all that is known are sales figures from previous catalogues and advertisements. Under these conditions, where marginal analysis is impractical, the authors recommend a simple first-approximation decision rule.
National survey of practice patterns employing MRI-guided prostate biopsy for diagnosis of prostate cancer.

104Background: Targeted MRI/Ultrasound (MR/US) guided biopsy is an emerging technology that has the potential to change standard of care for the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. It is believed that this new technology is rapidly proliferating, however quantitative analysis to describe these trends is not available. The primary objective of this study was to assess nationwide urologist opinions and efforts to implement MR/US imaging into their prostate cancer practices. Methods: A questionnaire was generated and distributed using REDCap to 7341 practicing urologists within the United States. The twenty question survey was designed to gather information regarding demographics, current and recent changes in MRI use, opinions on targeted MR/US guided biopsy, and barriers to implementation. The survey results were then analyzed with ANOVA. Results: 291 practicing urologists completed the survey. Respondents were primarily trained in general urology (60%) or urologic oncology (22%) and well distribu...
Estudo randômico controlado que compara os efeitos da anestesia com propofol, isoflurano, desflurano e sevoflurano sobre a dor pós-colecistectomia videolaparoscópica

Resumo Justificativa e objetivo a dor e a principal queixa e tambem o motivo principal de recuperacao prolongada pos‐colecistectomia laparoscopica. A nossa hipotese foi que os pacientes submetidos a colecistectomia laparoscopica apresentariam menos dor quatro horas apos a cirurgia se recebessem manutencao anestesica com propofol em comparacao com isoflurano, desflurano ou sevoflurano. Metodos neste estudo prospectivo e randomico, 80 pacientes agendados para colecistectomia laparoscopica foram designados para receber propofol, isoflurano, desflurano ou sevoflurano para manutencao da anestesia. Nosso desfecho primario foi dor mensurada em escala analogica numerica quatro horas apos a cirurgia. Tambem registramos o uso intraoperatorio de opiaceos, bem como o consumo de analgesicos durante as primeiras 24 horas pos‐cirurgicas. Resultados nao houve diferenca estatisticamente significante nos escores de dor quatro horas apos a cirurgia ( p = 0,72). Tambem nao houve diferenca estatisticamente significativa nos escores de dor entre os grupos de tratamento durante as 24 horas pos‐cirurgicas ( p = 0,45). O uso intraoperatorio de fentanil e morfina nao variou significativamente entre os grupos ( p = 0,21 e 0,24, respectivamente). Nao houve diferenca no consumo total de morfina e hidrocodona/APAP durante as primeiras 24 horas ( p = 0,61 e 0,53, respectivamente). Conclusao os pacientes que receberam propofol para manutencao da anestesia geral nao apresentaram menos dor pos‐colecistectomia videolaparoscopica em comparacao com os que receberam isoflurano, desflurano ou sevoflurano.
Abstract 261: Endothelial Cells Contribute to RAS Activation in Microvascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Introduction: We have demonstrated that Ang II augments angiotensinogen (AGT) expression in rat preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, it is unclear if endothelial cells (ECs) are involved in augmentation of AGT in renal afferent arterioles. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that the ECs respond to paracrine signals that Ang II contribute to AGT augmentation in VSMCs. Objective: We established primary cultures of preglomerular ECs and examined the effects of Ang II and/or culture medium from ECs on AGT expression in preglomerular VSMCs. Methods and Results: We established primary cultures of preglomerular ECs, isolated from afferent arterioles of Sprague-Dawley rats. The cells were identified as ECs by being positive for a marker, CD34 and endothelial NOS and negative for alpha-SMA (a marker for VSMCs) and P4H-b (a marker for Fibroblasts) by immnostaining. The expression levels of AGT mRNA and renin mRNA in preglomerular ECs were examined by real-time RT-PCR. Ang II (100 pmol/L) increased AGT mRNA levels (1.34 +/- 0.16, by 100 pmol/L, N=4) and Renin mRNA levels (6.16 +/- 0.96, by 100 nmol/L, N=4) in ECs. On the other hand, the same dose of Ang II suppressed Renin mRNA expression in isolated Juxtaglomerular cells (JGs). These results indicate that preglomerular ECs are respond to Ang II and exclude the possible contamination of JGs into ECs. 100 pmol/L of Ang II increased AGT mRNA expression levels (1.37 +/- 0.03, relative ratio, N=4) in preglomerular VSMCs and the culture medium of ECs without Ang II treatment also more increased AGT mRNA expression (1.62 +/- 0.13, relative ratio, N=4) in preglomerular VSMCs. The AGT mRNA expression augmentation was enhanced when preglomerular VSMCs were treated with culture medium of Ang II-treated preglomerular ECs (2.39 +/- 0.41, relative ratio, N=4). The synergistic effects of Ang II and preglomerular ECs were also observed in PAI-1 expression in preglomerular VSMCs. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that preglomerular ECs contribute to Ang II-upregulation of AGT in renal afferent arterioles leading to further Ang II augmentation, which leads to increases in inflammatory and sclerotic factors in preglomerular VSMCs.
Can Students Flourish in Engineering Classrooms

This study investigated the role of a new paradigm in teaching large introductory, fundamental engineering mechanics (IFEM) courses that combined student-centered learning pedagogies and supplemental learning resources. Demographic characteristics in this study included a total of 405 students, of whom 347 (85.7%) are males and 58 are (14.3%) females. The students’ majors included aerospace engineering, agricultural engineering, civil engineering, construction engineering, industrial engineering, materials engineering, and mechanical engineering. Results of this study, as tested using an independent samples t-test, validated using a nonparametric independent samples test, and a general linear multivariate model analysis, indicated overwhelmingly that there is a difference between a class taught passively using the teacher-centered pedagogy and a class taught actively using student-centered pedagogy. The principal focus of this work was to determine if the new paradigm was successful in improving student understanding of course concepts in statics of engineering using student-centered pedagogies in large classes. After evaluating the effects of several variables on students’ academic success, the results may provide important information for both faculty members and researchers and present a convincing argument to faculty members interested in academic reform but hesitant to abandon conventional teaching practices. By promoting a new paradigm, the potential for improving understanding of engineering fundamentals on a larger scale may be realized.
In-flight neutron spectra as an ICF diagnostic for implosion asymmetries

The yield and spectral shape of the neutrons produced during in-flight reactions provide stringent constraints upon the symmetry of the fully compressed fuel conditions in Inertial Confinement Fusion implosions. Neutron production from a specific deuterium gas-filled implosion is simulated in detail and compared with the experimental neutron spectra along two lines-of-sight. An approximate reactivity formulation is applied to obtain further insight into the underlying fuel configuration. This analysis suggests that the differences observed in the observed spectra correspond to angularly dependent triton velocity distributions created by an asymmetric plasma configuration.
Epidemiology and outcomes of pretransplant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus screening in pediatric solid organ transplant candidates.

MRSA infection following SOT is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, but epidemiology and risk factors for colonization prior to pediatric SOT remain unclear. A retrospective cohort of SOT patients ≤21 years of age from 2009 to 2014 was evaluated. Demographics, MRSA screens, timing of transplantation, and MRSA infection were abstracted. From 2013 to 2014, 130 SOT candidates were screened or had known prior MRSA infection. Seventeen patients (13%) were MRSA colonized. Liver transplant candidates were least likely to be colonized (OR 0.22, CI:0.06-0.81, P = .02); greatest risk of colonization was in lung (OR 18.7, CI:1.9-182.3, P = .03), abdominal multivisceral (OR 7.5, CI:1.5-38.6, P = .02), and cardiac patients with history of cardiothoracic surgery (OR 8.0, CI:1.7-36.0, P = .007). In univariable analysis, African American patients were more likely to be colonized (OR 7.1, CI:2.49-19.41, P = .0005). There were 3 early MRSA infections in screened patients, incidence of 3.9%; only one in a colonized patient. Thirteen percent of screened pediatric SOT candidates were MRSA colonized, with greatest risk in lung, multivisceral and cardiac patients with prior cardiothoracic surgery. Early MRSA infection occurred in 3.9% of transplanted patients. Cardiothoracic and multivisceral organ transplant candidates may benefit the most from targeted MRSA screening.
Remembering Dr. Laurence Prescott

Renowned scholar Dr. Laurence Prescott passed away on November 27, 2016 at the age of 73. He was one of the founding members of ALARA and served as President for many years. Within his vast scholarship, he is particularly known for his work on Afro-Colombian writers Candelario Obeso, Jorge Artel, and Manuel Zapata Olivella. For those interested in the African Diaspora in the Americas, his work bringing to light the correspondence and friendship between Manuel Zapata Olivella and Langston Hughes is particularly ground breaking.
In-situ Experiments to Capture the Evolution of Microstructure During Phase Transformation of Titanium Under Dynamic Loading

Under sufficient stresses, such as during dynamic loading, titanium experiences a phase transformation from hcp alpha phase to hexagonal omega phase. Omega phase is often retained in the microstructure after unloading, and has a strong influence on subsequent mechanical properties. Simulations suggest there are multiple pathways and underlying mechanisms for this transformation. Due to the incredibly short timescales involved, experimental measurements for model validation have been difficult. However, new capabilities at the Advanced Photon Source have enabled diffraction measurements during plate impact experiments to study the evolution of titanium during transformation. These high-rate data allow us to probe the mechanism and kinetics of phase transformations in new ways. Recent results will be presented and compared to post-mortem characterization of soft-recovered shocked specimens. Comparisons are made with previous tests where material was shock-loaded and soft recovered for microstructural analysis. Together these techniques create a consistent picture of material behavior during the shock-induced ff–! phase transformation in titanium.
Container shipping route and schedule design with port time windows and coordinated arrivals

This paper deals with the liner shipping routing and scheduling problem by proposing a model that incorporates port time windows and split deliveries in cases where port demand exceeds ship capacity. Additionally, it introduces the concept of limited berth availability at ports, that results in vessel arrival coordination requirements. Moreover, it tests the cost-efficiency of an extra constraint for further restricting the arrival times of ships serving the same port. It develops a novel mathematical formulation for the vehicle routing problem and solves it using tabu search algorithm. Numerical experiments in a hub-and-spoke network demonstrate the function and effectiveness of the model, as well as the fluctuations of the cost by altering various decision variables.
Nomenclatural emendations of the family-group names Cylindrolepadinae, Stomatolepadinae, Chelolepadinae, Cryptolepadinae, and Tubicinellinae of Ross & Frick, 2007—including current definitions of family-groups within the Coronuloidea (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha)

The coronuloid barnacle family-group names Cylindrolepadinae, Stomatolepadinae, Chelolepadinae, Cryptolepadinae and Tubicinellinae of Ross & Frick, 2007 are considered nomen nudum according to Article 8.6 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, but appear in several subsequent published works and internet taxonomic databases. It is the purpose of this communication to rectify this situation. These five subfamilial names are proposed and defined herein anew, as Cylindrolepadinae subfam. nov., Stomatolepadinae subfam. nov., Chelolepadinae subfam. nov., Cryptolepadinae subfam. nov. and Tubicinellinae subfam. nov. The remaining valid family-group names within the Coronuloidea are also listed and defined herein.
Understanding the impact of plant–arthropod interactions, pollination, and canopy light on the rare orchid, small whorled pogonia (Isotria medeoloides)

Recent work has warned of a global crisis for terrestrial orchids and an urgent need for conservation. Pollinator declines have been documented globally, which may exacerbate the pollination limitations orchids experience. Small whorled pogonia (Isotria medeoloides) (Pursh) Raf. is a North American terrestrial orchid considered vulnerable by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, threatened in Canada and USA, and endangered in 20 states. Like many orchids, it has specialized habitat needs and fragmented populations. Here, plants were monitored diurnally and nocturnally throughout the flowering period to evaluate arthropod activity that might impact pollination. Ultraviolet photographs and spectrophotometric data were collected on flowers. Canopy light penetrance was measured at plants. Seed capsule production was evaluated over time. In sum, 41 flowers were monitored for > 300 h, resulting in > 140,000 photographic frames of compiled video. In this extensive monitoring, 33 plant–arthropod interactions were detected, only one likely to facilitate self-pollination, and none that facilitated outcrossing. UV absorbance was identified on petals and sepals, which contrasted starkly with whorl UV reflectance, a previously undescribed form of floral display visible to pollinators. Flowering plants grew in higher light than vegetative ones. Capsule production was highly variable over time, making the species vulnerable to 'bad years' and low effective population size, given the low genetic diversity previously identified, and lack of outcrossing detected here. Imminent attention is warranted for species-level protection, consistent with needs of other terrestrial orchids.
A Psychometric Evaluation of the Short Grit Scale: A Closer Look at its Factor Structure and Scale Functioning

Grit, the passion and perseverance for long-term goals, has received attention from personality psychologists because it predicts success and academic achievement. Grit has also been criticized as simply another measure of self-control or conscientiousness. A precise psychometric representation of grit is needed to understand how the construct is unique and how it overlaps with other constructs. Previous research suggests that the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) has several psychometric limitations, such as uncertain factor structure within and across populations, uncertainty about reporting total or subscale scores, and different assessment precision at low and high levels on the construct. We conducted modern psychometric techniques including parallel analysis, measurement invariance, extrinsic convergent validity, and Item Response Theory models on two American samples. Our results suggest that the Grit-S is essentially unidimensional and that there is construct overlap with the self-control construct. Subscale factors were the result of an item doublet, where two items had high correlated uniquenesses, showed similar item information, and were more likely to exhibit measurement bias. Findings replicated across samples. Finally, we discuss recommendations for the use of the Grit-S based on the theoretical interpretation of the unidimensional factor and our empirical findings.
The utility of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum galactomannan assay in patients with nonresolving pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital

Background The fungus aspergillus causes a plethora of diseases in humans. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), a serious opportunistic infection seen in immunosuppressed or hospitalized patients with severe underlying diseases, is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of IPA is a challenge in general hospital population. This study was undertaken to evaluate the utility of galactomannan (GM) assay in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum for the diagnosis of IPA in patients with nonresolving pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital. Patients and methods Patients with nonresolving pneumonia for whom both BAL and serum GM assays, along with BAL culture for fungus, were evaluated from January 2016 to June 2017. Results A total of 64 patients had the tests done in the study period. All the patients had more than one associated underlying risk factor. Diabetes was seen in 35 (64.68%) patients and steroid intake in 34 (53.12%). Aspergillus flavus was the most common fungus cultured. Moreover, 14 of the culture positives had a serum GM level of more than 0.5 GM index, and all culture positives had BAL GM level of more than 0.5 GM index. Receiver operating characteristic curves revealed a cutoff of 0.91 for serum GM, which provides sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 63% and 1.01 for BAL GM, with a sensitivity of 88% and specificity as of 78%. The all-cause mortality of 78.8% was noted with both BAL and BAL GM positive (P=0.001). Conclusion A combination of clinical, radiological, culture, and GM assay of both BAL and serum would help in the diagnosis of IPA in hospitalized patients with nonresolving pneumonia.
A comparative study of corrosion behavior of an additively manufactured Al-6061 RAM2 with extruded Al-6061 T6

Abstract The corrosion behavior of additively manufactured (AM) Al-6061 RAM2 was compared with conventional extruded Al-6061 T6 within ten days of exposure in 0.5 M NaCl solution using electrochemical measurement and microscopic observations. At the beginning of exposure, the AM samples revealed superior corrosion performance compared to extruded counterparts. However, by increasing the time of exposure, the corrosion resistance of those samples decayed continuously. Incorporation of Ti-rich and B4C particles as the microstructure modifiers in the AM matrix reduced the integrity of the native oxide layer. It led to the cracking of the barrier film and severe localized corrosion.
The impact of WIC participation on tobacco use and alcohol consumption

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program provides food coupons and health benefits to foster in utero and postpartum development of the child. However, due to these benefits, households might reallocate income from food and healthcare services toward other goods. Utilizing data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, this article investigates the effects of participation in the WIC program on cigarette and alcohol consumption. Our results indicate that the program has no effect on prenatal smoking but increases postpartum cigarette consumption per day by 6%. WIC also has preventive benefits as it decreases prenatal alcohol consumption on the extensive and intensive margins.
The Effects of Donor-Specific Antibody Characteristics on Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy

Purpose Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a major cause of late graft dysfunction and mortality after heart transplantation. The pathophysiology of CAV consists of a complex interplay between donor risk factors, recipient comorbidities, and immune-mediated processes. Despite many studies showing a correlation between donor-specific antibodies (DSA) and CAV, the effects of different DSA types on the severity of CAV remains elusive. This study investigates the characteristics of DSA amongst different CAV severity groups. Methods We evaluated 526 adult heart transplant recipients at a single tertiary medical center between January 2010 and August 2015. Subjects were screened for DSA at the time of transplant, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and then annually thereafter. CAV screening was performed with annual angiography. Subjects were divided into those with DSA (n= 143) and those without DSA (control group, n =383). Subjects with DSA were further categorized into those with persistent DSA (n=34), transient DSA (n=106), 1:8 dilution positive DSA (n=45), complement-binding (C1q) DSA (n=36), Class I DSA (n=36), and Class II DSA (n=106). The mean duration of follow up was 3.6 years. The outcomes are the incidence of CAV based on the ISHLT grading scale. Results Subjects with persistent DSA were found to have higher incidence of moderate-to-severe CAV (CAV2/3) compared the control group (p= Subjects with 1:8 dilution positive DSA and C1q positive DSA also had a higher incidence of CAV2/3 when compared those without DSA (p=0.001, p= Conclusion DSA that are persistent, 1:8 dilution positive, C1q positive, and Class II are associated with more severe grades of CAV. Given CAV2/3 is linked with higher mortality post-transplantation, these DSA characteristics may serve as prognostic markers of disease and may warrant consideration for treatment.
Gravity Clustering: A Correlated Storage Location Assignment Problem Approach

Warehouses and warehouse-related operations have long been a field of interest for researchers. One of the areas that researchers focus on is the Storage Location Assigning Problem (SLAP or Slotting). The goal in this field is to find the best location in a warehouse to store the products. With the current COVID-19 pandemic, there is a shopping paradigm shift towards e-commerce, which even after the pandemic will not return to the old state. This paradigm shift raises the need for better performing multi-pick warehouses. In this paper, we propose a clustering method based on the gravity model. We show that for warehouses in which there is more than one pick per trip, our proposed method improves the performance.
Transcriptomic and metabolomic characterization of post-hatch metabolic reprogramming during hepatic development in the chicken.

Artificial selection of modern meat-producing chickens (broilers) for production characteristics has led to dramatic changes in phenotype, yet the impact of this selection on metabolic and molecular mechanisms is poorly understood. The first 3 weeks post-hatch represent a critical period of adjustment, during which the yolk lipid is depleted and the bird transitions to reliance on a carbohydrate-rich diet. As the liver is the major organ involved in macronutrient metabolism and nutrient allocatytion, a combined transcriptomics and metabolomics approach has been used to evaluate hepatic metabolic reprogramming between Day 4 (D4) and Day 20 (D20) post-hatch. Many transcripts and metabolites involved in metabolic pathways differed in their abundance between D4 and D20, representing different stages of metabolism that are enhanced or diminished. For example, at D20 the first stage of glycolysis that utilizes ATP to store or release glucose is enhanced, while at D4, the ATP-generating phase is enhanced to provide energy for rapid cellular proliferation at this time point. This work has also identified several metabolites, including citrate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and glycerol, that appear to play pivotal roles in this reprogramming. At Day 4, metabolic flexibility allows for efficiency to meet the demands of rapid liver growth under oxygen-limiting conditions. At Day 20, the liver’s metabolism has shifted to process a carbohydrate-rich diet that supports the rapid overall growth of the modern broiler. Characterizing these metabolic changes associated with normal post-hatch hepatic development has generated testable hypotheses about the involvement of specific genes and metabolites, clarified the importance of hypoxia to rapid organ growth, and contributed to our understanding of the molecular changes affected by decades of artificial selection.
Habit Formation Dynamics: Finding Factors Associated with Building Strong Mindfulness Habits

Mindfulness is widely recognized as an effective technique for managing mental and physical health. However, a significant challenge remains when attempting to transform its practice into a habit. To understand the individual characteristics and contexts that correlate with habit formation experiences, we conducted a six-week observational study involving 62 participants who planned to adopt a new mindful breathing habit. Overall, 47.4% (N = 1,234) of daily surveys were completed and 41 participants completed the post-study survey. Using a growth curve modeling framework, we confirm the presence of significant overall change in habit automaticity across participants in the first 21 days of habit practice. Furthermore, we identify four factors that are significantly correlated with the gradient of participant habit formation trajectories: how committed a participant is to building the habit before starting the practice period, their prior mindfulness experience, and two dimensions of personality – agreeableness and emotional stability.
Individualized diversity in the extracellular metabolome of live human gliomas

Abstract Gliomas present a formidable challenge for translational progress. Heterogeneity within and between tumors may demand empirically individualized insights, though relatively little is known about the biochemical milieu within which malignant cells thrive in the in vivo human glioma. We performed a pilot study of intraoperative high molecular weight microdialysis to sample the extracellular tumor environment within three locations in each of five molecularly diverse human gliomas spanning WHO grade 2 oligodendroglioma to WHO grade 4 glioblastoma (GBM). Microdialysates were subjected to targeted (D/L-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG)) and untargeted metabolomic analyses, enabling correlation, clustering, fold change, and enrichment analyses. IDH-mutant tumor microdialysate contained markedly higher levels of D2-HG than IDH-wild type tumors. However, IDH status was not predictive of the global metabolomic signature. Rather, two distinct metabolic phenotypes (α and β) emerged, with IDH-WT and IDH-mutant patient samples in each group. Individualized metabolic signatures of enhancing tumor versus adjacent brain were conserved across patients with glioblastoma regardless of metabolic phenotype. Untargeted metabolomic analysis additionally enabled correlative quantification of multiple peri-operatively administered drugs, illustrating regional heterogeneity of blood-brain barrier permeability. As such, acute intraoperative microdialysis affords a previously unharnessed window into individualized heterogeneous microenvironments within and between live human gliomas. Such access to the interstitial milieu of live human gliomas may provide a complementary tool for the development of individualized glioma therapies.
Transient Analysis of Vehicle-to-Grid Systems Incorporating Plug-in Electric Vehicles

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems are being considered as complementary sources for peak shaving and load levelling on traditional power grids. However, the harmonics and transients associated with this technology may threaten utility grid power quality, stability and equipment reliability. In this study, the transient behavior of a V2G system under varying grid and vehicle load conditions is examined using a test system. Bidirectional converter transient behavior is simulated to predict the relationship between V2G load variations and associated transients. Potential applications of this test system include the prediction of grid conditions that could lead to equipment failure, and the design and evaluation of equipment protection for V2G systems.