cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Axial slot antenna on dielectric-coated elliptic cylinder

The radiation properties of an axial slot antenna on a conducting elliptic cylinder with a homogeneous dielectric coating are investigated. In the dielectric coating and in the exterior free-space region the field is expanded in elliptic waves using the Mathieu functions. The Mathieu angular functions are employed as basis and testing functions to enforce the boundary conditions at the interface between the dielectric and the free-space regions. The equations of continuity at the boundary are solved by Galerkin's method. Numerical results are presented in graphical form for the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations to illustrate the far-field radiation patterns, the gain versus coating thickness, and the aperture conductance versus coating thickness. >
Enhanced cocaine-conditioned place preference and associated brain regional levels of BDNF, p-ERK1/2 and p-Ser845-GluA1 in food-restricted rats.

Previously, a learning-free measure was used to demonstrate that chronic food restriction (FR) increases the reward magnitude of a wide range of abused drugs. Moreover, a variety of striatal neuroadaptations were detected in FR subjects, some of which are known to be involved in synaptic plasticity but have been ruled out as modulators of acute drug reward magnitude. Little is known about effects of FR on drug-conditioned place preference (CPP) and brain regional mechanisms that may enhance CPP in FR subjects. The purpose of the present study was to compare the expression and persistence of a conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by a relatively low dose of cocaine (7.0 mg/kg, i.p.) in ad libitum fed (AL) and FR rats and take several brain regional biochemical measures following the first CPP conditioning session to probe candidate mechanisms that may underlie the more robust CPP observed in FR subjects. Behaviorally, AL subjects displayed a CPP upon initial testing which extinguished rapidly over the course of subsequent test sessions while CPP in FR subjects persisted. Despite previous reports of elevated BDNF protein in forebrain regions of FR rats, the FR protocol used in the present study did not alter BDNF levels in dorsal hippocampus, nucleus accumbens or medial prefrontal cortex. On the other hand, FR rats, whether injected with cocaine or vehicle, displayed elevated p-ERK1/2 and p-Ser845-GluA1 in dorsal hippocampus. FR rats also displayed elevated p-ERK1/2 in medial prefrontal cortex and elevated p-ERK1 in nucleus accumbens, with further increases produced by cocaine. The one effect observed exclusively in cocaine-treated FR rats was increased p-Ser845-GluA1 in nucleus accumbens. These findings suggest a number of avenues for continuing investigation with potential translational significance.
The time relations of ECS induced amnesia

Mice were given electroconvulsive shock (ECS) after training in a passive avoidance task, and were tested for retention 1, 2, 6, and 24 h later. Performance levels on the retention test, high 1 h after training gradually deteriorated at the other testing intervals.
Thirty years of fuels and materials information from EBR-II

Abstract The Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) was a 62.5 MWt–20 MWe sodium cooled fast reactor that was operated successfully for 30 years. Over its period of operation a wealth of fuels and materials information originated from EBR-II. Several missions were conducted in EBR-II, all of which yielded new and valuable additions to the world's knowledge base for nuclear materials. Some of the first pioneering experiments on irradiation effects in stainless steels were conducted in EBR-II. Later, practical manifestations of enhanced irradiation creep, swelling, and loss of ductility were experienced on EBR-II components. In addition, for a period of more than 15 years, the EBR-II reactor would become the primary irradiation facility for all fast reactor fuels and materials research and development. Both the initial mission and final mission for EBR-II (the Integral Fast Reactor Concept, IFR), involved the remote reprocessing and irradiation of fast reactor metallic fuels. The fuels and materials information gleaned from these missions will be summarized with the intent of portraying a sample of the valuable legacy that EBR-II contributed to the world's store of nuclear fuels and materials knowledge.
Personality and smokeless tobacco use

Smokeless tobacco use and personality factors associated with smokeless tobacco use were examined in a broad, representative sample of 8th and 10th graders from central and south-central Florida (n = 1413). Current, occasional, or ex-users of smokeless tobacco accounted for 51% of the males and 9% of the females. Smokeless tobacco users, as compared to non-users, had significantly higher Trait Anger, and Angry Temperament and Angry Reaction subscale scores on the State-Trait Personality Inventory, suggesting a possible role in the initiation of smokeless tobacco use. There were no differences in Trait Anger, Anxiety, or Curiosity scores between the three user groups, suggesting that trait personality does not play a role in the maintenance of smokeless tobacco use.
Graphical process design tools for iontophoretic transdermal drug-delivery devices

A graphical procedure was proposed for the optimum design of transdermal drug-delivery systems enhanced by iontophoresis. Contour plots displayed the relationships among steady-state plasma level, current density and initial drug concentration in a vehicle. This information was combined with a closed-form expression of the process time constant, estimated as the medicament in the blood reaches a plateau after application of the electric field. Analysis was conducted using Laplace-transformed variables and did not require time-domain solutions. Simulation results show that a current density of 0.044mA/cm2 and a loading of 3500µg/ml of dexamethasone sodium m-sulfobenzoate were necessary to achieve an equilibrium plasma concentration of 1.254ng/cm3 with a time constant of 8.34h.
Temporal patterns of crop-raiding by primates: linking food availability in croplands and adjacent forest

Summary Primates dominate lists of pests that damage crops around African parks and reserves. Beyond creating management problems, crop foraging is integral to the ecology of primates inhabiting forest—agriculture ecotones. Twenty-three months of data from four villages around Kibale National Park, Uganda, revealed that redtail monkeys Cercopithecus ascanius, olive baboons Papio cynocephalus and chimpanzees Pan troglodytes selected different crops or plant parts. Baboons took root and tuber crops ignored by other primates, and fed on the greatest variety of crops. All three species preferred maize and/or bananas. Redtails ate only banana fruit, baboons ate banana fruit more frequently than pith, and chimpanzees raided pith and fruit in equal proportions. Each primate showed a distinct monthly pattern of crop foraging, significantly non-random for baboons and redtail monkeys, weakly for chimpanzees. Large inter-monthly variation was observed for all three primates, but was least pronounced in redtails. Raiding frequency on maize peaked approximately 8 weeks after the onset of rains and was strongly correlated between the three primate species. Abundant forest fruit did not diminish primate appetite for maize. Raiding frequency on bananas varied considerably despite continuous availability of fruit and pith. Peaks in banana consumption were unrelated to rainfall or maize raiding, but were associated instead with forest fruit shortages, specifically Mimusops bagshawei. Chimpanzees consumed banana pith more frequently when forest fruits were scarce, whereas baboons targeted more banana fruits. The use of banana pith by chimpanzees supports the suggestion that energy-rich pith is crucial to chimpanzees during fruit scarcity. Conservation of Mimusops bagshawei and other key forest fruit trees may lessen primate raiding intensity on perennial crops, e.g. bananas. Maize raiding appears unaffected by forest fruit abundance. Such highly palatable crops are best planted > 500 m from the forest edge. Planting agroforestry buffers along park edges creates ideal habitat for crop-raiders. This management strategy is appropriate where human population density is low and crop raiding species are legal game. When dangerous or destructive wildlife species forage amidst densely settled subsistence farmland, managers are challenged to separate forests from agriculture using non-palatable plant barriers or electric fences.
Corn yield is equal in conventional, reduced, and no tillage after 20 years

Reduced tillage has increased dramatically over the past several years and is expected to continue to increase in the future. Continuous no-till may become a popular tillage system with growers to facilitate compliance with government programs to control soil erosion. The objective of this research was to evaluate the long-term effects of four tillage systems and five fertilizer regimes on corn (Zea mays L.) yield. A 20-yr continuous-corn tillage x fertility study was conducted from 1970 to 1990 on an Ebbert silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Argiaquic Argialbolls), an imperfectly drained soil at the Belleville Research Center, Belleville, IL. Starter fertilizer did not increase corn height within a tillage system. Height was greater in no-till compared with conventional till (moldboard plow), reduced till (chisel plow), or alternate till (2 yr no-till, 1 yr moldboard plow) with or without a starter fertilizer. There was no difference in population among tillage systems due to fertilizer treatment. Corn population was lower in no-till compared with conventional till regardless of fertilizer treatment. Starter fertilizer did not increase yield in any tillage system. Corn yield averaged 5 to 7% lower in no-till compared with conventional till or reduced till where a starter fertilizer was applied. There was no difference in yield among tillage systems when NPK was broadcast. Corn yield was equal in conventional till, alternate till, reduced till, and no-till with fertilizer applied broadcast on an imperfectly drained soil. Continuous no-till with an imperfectly drained soil does not reduce corn yield.
An n-channel mosfet process using high energy ion implanted boron for field and active device doping

This paper describes a 5 mask process (6 masks with overlay pyrolytic oxide) for fabricating aluminum-gate n-channel MOS circuits having enhancement and depletion devices, and which can operate from a single +5 volt supply. Two ion-implant steps are used, a high energy boron implant to dope the surface, and a phosphorus implant to make the depletion devices. The boron implant is used to prevent surface inversion on the high resistivity p-type silicon substrate and also to set the threshold of the enhancement devices. Doubly-charged boron (B++) at 210 keV is used to penetrate the 9000 A thick field oxide. This places the peak of the implanted ion distribution just inside the silicon surface. The performance of MOS/LSI circuits having enhancement and depletion devices made using this process is described.
Recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4, Transforming Growth Factor-β1, and Activin A Enhance the Cartilage Phenotype of Articular Chondrocytes in Vitro

Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) supergene family and is characterized by its ability to induce singly de novo cartilage and bone in vivo. The influence of recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-4 and some related members, TGF-β1, activin A, and inhibin A, on articular chondrocyte metabolism in the presence and absence of extracellular matrix has been examined. BMP-4 and TGF-β1 stimulated [35S]-sulfate incorporation in a dose-dependent manner in short-term monolayer, micromass, and explant cultures. Activin A showed a slight but significant stimulation of proteoglycan synthesis while inhibin A decreased metabolic activity. The effects observed were most pronounced in the explant culture system. Although the relative influence of the growth factors was less apparent in chondrocytes isolated from adult cartilage, the qualitative responses were similar with cells obtained from young animals. The maintenance and enhancement of the cartilage phenotype was further investigated by Northern blot analysis. BMP-4 and TGF-β1 increased the levels of expression of type II collagen and proteoglycan aggrecan in short-term cultures, while activin A and inhibin A did not affect these parameters significantly when compared to serum-free control cultures. Binding experiments with 125I-BMP-4, revealed the presence of specific, high-affinity binding sites with an apparent dissociation constant of 110 pM and about 6000 receptors per cell. Chemical cross-linking showed the presence of three components (apparent size 200, 90, and 70 kDa), demonstrating the presence of functional receptors for BMP-4 on primary articular chondrocytes.
Adaptation of Aerobic, Ethene-Assimilating Mycobacterium Strains to Vinyl Chloride as a Growth Substrate

Contamination of drinking water source zones by vinyl chloride (VC), a known human carcinogen and common groundwater contaminant, poses a public health risk. Bioremediation applications involving aerobic, VC-assimilating bacteria could be useful in alleviating environmental VC cancer risk, but their evolution and activity in the environment are poorly understood. In this study, adaptation of ethene-assimilating Mycobacterium strains JS622, JS623, JS624, and JS625 to VC as a growth substrate was investigated to test the hypothesis that VC-assimilating bacteria arise from naturally occurring ethene-assimilating bacteria. VC consumption in the absence of microbial growth was initially observed in cultures grown in both ethene and 1/10-strength trypticase soy agar + 1% (w/v) glucose. After extended incubations (55−476 days), all strains commenced growth-coupled VC consumption patterns. VC-adapted cultures grown on 20 mM acetate subsequently retained their ability to assimilate VC. Three independent purity che...
Review of aqueous chiral electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) with an emphasis on chiral microemulsion EKC

The separation of enantiomers using electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) with chiral microemulsions is comprehensively reviewed through December 1, 2006. Aqueous chiral EKC separations based on other pseudostationary phases such as micelles and vesicles or on other chiral selectors such as CDs, crown ethers, glycopeptides, ligand exchange moeities are also reviewed from both mechanistic and applications perspective for the period of January 2005 to December 1, 2006.
A method for the automated detection phishing websites through both site characteristics and image analysis

Phishing website analysis is largely still a time-consuming manual process of discovering potential phishing sites, verifying if suspicious sites truly are malicious spoofs and if so, distributing their URLs to the appropriate blacklisting services. Attackers increasingly use sophisticated systems for bringing phishing sites up and down rapidly at new locations, making automated response essential. In this paper, we present a method for rapid, automated detection and analysis of phishing websites. Our method relies on near real-time gathering and analysis of URLs posted on social media sites. We fetch the pages pointed to by each URL and characterize each page with a set of easily computed values such as number of images and links. We also capture a screen-shot of the rendered page image, compute a hash of the image and use the Hamming distance between these image hashes as a form of visual comparison. We provide initial results demonstrate the feasibility of our techniques by comparing legitimate sites to known fraudulent versions from Phishtank.com, by actively introducing a series of minor changes to a phishing toolkit captured in a local honeypot and by performing some initial analysis on a set of over 2.8 million URLs posted to Twitter over a 4 days in August 2011. We discuss the issues encountered during our testing such as resolvability and legitimacy of URL's posted on Twitter, the data sets used, the characteristics of the phishing sites we discovered, and our plans for future work.© (2012) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Die-hard survivors: heterogeneity in apoptotic thresholds may underlie chemoresistance

The unmatched efficacy of microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) as chemotherapeutics was once assumed to originate from their impact on mitotic processes; however, this misconception is being eroded by amassing data that MTAs instead target interphase functions in patients' tumors. What remains murky is how MTAs target malignant cells over non-malignant ones if proliferation rates do not distinguish them. In many instances, malignant cells are actually more 'primed' for apoptosis than non-malignant ones. Nevertheless, even if most cells within the tumor are more apoptosis-susceptible than those in healthy tissues, there likely exist small subpopulations of apoptosis-resistant clones that engender incomplete responses to MTAs and relapse. Therefore, intratumor heterogeneity in terms of proximity to the apoptotic threshold must be better understood to facilitate the design of chemotherapeutic regimens, which may benefit from including drugs like BH3 mimetics that help in lowering the apoptotic threshold of tumor cells within these chemoresistant subpopulations.
Thermodynamic Properties of Ionic Currents in shaker K+ Channel Heterotetramers with Different Stoichiometries of ILT Mutations and/or Quadruple Gating Charge Neutralization

The concurrent substitutions V369I, I372L, and S376T (ILT) in the S4 segment N-terminal end of voltage-dependent Shaker K+ channels uncouple gating currents from ionic conduction (Smith-Maxwell et al., 1998). This ILT mutation is believed to affect the last concerted step for channel activation. We aimed at determining the effect of temperature on steady-state and kinetics of activation of heterotetramers with different stoichiometries of ILT mutations. In addition, we also studied the single voltage sensor Shaker containing the ILT mutation in its voltage sensor. The heterotetrameric channels were encoded by concatemerized cDNA of Shaker zH4 Δ(6-46), expressed and studied in Xenopus oocytes using cut-open oocyte voltage-clamp under temperature ranging from 5-20 °C. The concatemeric channels 4wtILT, 3wtILT/wt, 2wtILT/2wt, wtILT/3wt and wtILT/3mut (mut=R362Q/R365Q/R368N/R371Q) were studied. For all constructs, the amplitude of the ionic currents decreased by about 50-75% and the weighted time constants of activation increased by ten to fifteen fold when going from 19 to 5 °C, in a reversible manner. We also measured the steady-state voltage dependence of the conductance to estimate the entropic change during the final transition. The enthalpic and entropic components estimated from the temperature dependence of kinetics of activation for the different constructs provide essential information about the nature of the conformational changes and interactions between subunits. This information is used to refine the proposed model of independent voltage sensors followed by a concerted opening step.(Support: NIHGM30376 and NSERC and FRSQ postdoctoral fellowships to D.G.G.)
A ribosome dissociation factor on both native subunits in rabbit reticulocytes

Abstract A ribosome dissociation factor can be extracted from both the native 40-S and the native 60-S subunits of the rabbit reticulocytes. When the dissociation factor from either kind of subunit was used to dissociate free 80-S ribosomes only the same kind of subunit, in the resulting pair, was stabilized against subsequent reassociation with the complementary high-salt-derived subunits. Moreover, a similar specificity of interaction was observed when salt-derived subunits were separated and each class was incubated with either dissociation factor. It thus appears that two kinds of dissociation factor are present in these cells, one specific for each subunit.
Adolescent Experiences of Christ's Presence and Activity in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America

The National Study of Youth and Religion (NSYR) claims moralistic therapeutic deism as the popular religion among our youth.1 The Study of Exemplary Congregations in Youth Ministry (EYM) discovered that exemplary congregations are one's who speak about God as one who is present and active.2 The God of moralistic therapeutic deism can not be present and active. Is God present and active? If so, how do our youth experience and interpret this presence and activity? This article gives voice to the ways in which youth of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) experience Christ's presence and activity. It finds that placing their subjective interpretations of these experiences into conversation with their tradition's interpretation of Christ's presence and activity as represented by Gustaf Wingren's creation-faith enhances both how they and their tradition understand God's work in our world. The exemplar descriptor for the experiences heard among these youth is referred to as proleptic vocational recapitulation.
Laryngeal framework surgery for the management of aspiration.

Background During the past decade, laryngeal framework surgery has become the treatment of choice for the management of adductor paralysis of the vocal fold. The primary impetus for the use of this technique has been on the rehabilitation of voice. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effectiveness of laryngeal framework surgery, including medialization laryngoplasty with silicone (MLS), with or without arytenoid adduction (AA), on eliminating aspiration, improving diet, and aiding in the subsequent decannulation of individuals with glottic insufficiency secondary to vocal fold palsy. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients initially seen with vocal cord paralysis who were treated with laryngeal framework surgery from June 1992 to April 1996. The study comprised 70 patients, including 31 women and 39 men, with a median age of 57 years. Clinical information was obtained regarding the etiology of the lesion, characteristics of the vocal cord deficit, history of aspiration, the presence of other neurologic deficits or concurrent pulmonary disease, treatment, and outcome. To determine the effectiveness of MLS, with or without AA, we assessed the final outcome regarding the presence and degree of aspiration, diet, history of aspiration pneumonia, and decannulation. Results Seventy patients underwent 77 MLS (three bilateral, four revisions), and 21 AA. Decreased aspiration was obtained in 96% of our patients. Seventy-five percent of those patients who had required a tracheotomy were decannulated. Conclusions These results support the use of laryngeal framework surgery for the effective treatment of aspiration in selected patients initially seen with deficits of the glottic closure secondary to vocal fold paralysis or paresis. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 21: 139–145, 1999.
The Influence of Enterprises Income Tax Law on Electric Power Enterprise

With the development of market economy, the collectivization and low carbon economy, China Enterprises Income Tax Law creates a playing field for electric power enterprises and adopts more streamlined tax incentives that are in line with the country's economic policy. This article summarizes the major development and influence of the Law in electric power enterprises, tax rates, expenses, and qualification for tax preferences should be considered.
Metallized polymer fibers as leadwires and intrafascicular microelectrodes

Abstract We have developed a process for producing fine, very flexible microwires suitable for use as small signal leadwires or nerve electrodes. The process incorporates metallization of high-performance monofilament polymer fibers to yield electrically conductive fibers with greatly improved flexibility over solid metal wires of similar strength. The metallization layers are produced by serial vacuum deposition of a 0.3 μm thick coating of three metals, titanium-tungsten (Ti/W), gold (Au), and platinum (Pt), onto monofilament, poly- p -phenyl-terephthalate aramid fibers (Kevlar ® ). The metallized fibers are then insulated with an approx. 1 μm thick layer of silicone elastomer. The result is a microlead with high electrical conductivity (linear resistance = 30 Ω/cm), desirable interfacial properties, excellent mechanical stability and extremely high flexibility. These physical characteristics are appropriate for application as signal leadwires or recording/stimulating electrodes where small size and high flexibility are paramount. In this paper we report on the electrical and mechanical properties of these metallized fibers and demonstrate their use as intrafascicular electrodes for recording multi-unit neural activity in feline peripheral nerves.
Financial Globalization and Fiscal Performance in Emerging Markets

In recent years financial globalization and benign global market conditions have helped emerging markets in their external financing and budgetary positions. This paper examines three related issues: (i) the importance of the impact of the benign financial environment on fiscal performance; (ii) the likely fiscal impact of a reversal in this environment; and (iii) the potential contribution of fiscal reforms to maintaining favorable market access. The results suggest that the benefits from the benign environment have been substantial and that the potential reversal of the favorable external conditions underlines the need for further fiscal reforms.
Competition between Co(NH3)63+ and Inner Sphere Mg2+ Ions in the HDV Ribozyme

Divalent cations play critical structural and functional roles in many RNAs. While the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme can undergo self-cleavage in the presence of molar concentrations of monovalent cations, divalent cations such as Mg(2+) are required for efficient catalysis under physiological conditions. Moreover, the cleavage reaction can be inhibited with Co(NH(3))(6)(3+), an analogue of Mg(H(2)O)(6)(2+). Here, the binding of Mg(2+) and Co(NH(3))(6)(3+) to the HDV ribozyme is studied by Raman microscopic analysis of crystals. Raman difference spectra acquired at different metal ion conditions reveal changes in the ribozyme. When Mg(2+) alone is introduced to the ribozyme, inner sphere coordination of Mg(H(2)O)(x)(2+) (x </= 5) to nonbridging PO(2)(-) oxygen and changes in base stretches and phosphodiester group conformation are observed. In addition, binding of Mg(2+) induces deprotonation of a cytosine assigned to the general acid C75, consistent with solution studies. When Co(NH(3))(6)(3+) alone is introduced, deprotonation of C75 is again observed, as are distinctive changes in base vibrational ring modes and phosphodiester backbone conformation. In contrast to Mg(2+) binding, Co(NH(3))(6)(3+) binding does not perturb PO(2)(-) group vibrations, consistent with its ability to make only outer sphere contacts. Surprisingly, competitive binding studies reveal that Co(NH(3))(6)(3+) ions displace some inner sphere-coordinated magnesium species, including ions coordinated to PO(2)(-) groups or the N7 of a guanine, likely G1 at the active site. These observations contrast with the tenet that Co(NH(3))(6)(3+) ions displace only outer sphere magnesium ions. Overall, our data support two classes of inner sphere Mg(2+)-PO(2)(-) binding sites: sites that Co(NH(3))(6)(3+) can displace and others it cannot.
Principles of scaling and similarity for testing of lead–rubber bearings

Lead–rubber bearings are seismic isolators that have been extensively used to protect buildings, bridges and mission-critical infrastructure from the damaging effects of earthquake shaking. Testing of isolators, including lead–rubber bearings, is conducted either for research purposes (for example, shake table testing) or for determination of their properties before their use in applications (prototype and quality-control testing). Testing is of significance as it (a) provides the data needed to validate complex models for analysis, and (b) results in basic mechanical properties of the tested isolators for use in analysis and design. Often testing has to be performed on reduced-size bearings and/or at conditions of reduced speed of motion due, primarily, to unavailability of testing equipment capable of testing full-size specimens at realistic dynamic conditions. When testing at reduced size, the conditions of testing need to be adjusted on the basis of scientific analysis so that the test results represent the behavior of the full-size prototype bearing. This paper examines the issue of testing of lead–rubber bearings at reduced scale and presents the necessary conditions for testing in order to correctly reproduce the critical effects of lead core heating on the characteristic strength of the bearing. Experimental results on large-size and reduced-size bearings are used to demonstrate the concepts. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Out of Their Residential Comfort and Mastery Zones: Toward a More Relevant Environmental Gerontology

To advance the field of environmental gerontology and make it more relevant to other social and behavioral scientists, this paper proposes a holistic, emotion-based theoretical model to judge whether older adults occupy residential environments that are congruent with their needs and goals. The model theorizes that older persons achieve this individual-environment fittingness or “residential normalcy” when they have two overall favorable and relevant sets of emotional experiences: (1) pleasurable, hassle-free, and memorable feelings—and are in their residential comfort zones; and (2) competence and in control feelings—and are in their residential mastery zones. Older persons often find that their residential environments have become emotional battlefields because although they are in their comfort zones, they are out of their mastery zones, or vice versa. Distinguishing these constructs becomes critical as we increasingly judge residential settings not just for their home-like qualities, but also for thei...
Career Development and Career Choice in Pioneer and Traditional Women.

Abstract Two groups of college seniors were compared in an attempt to elucidate those factors affecting feminine career choice and career development. The sample consisted of 106 female Caucasian students enrolled at a large Southwestern university. Sixty-three of the subjects were majoring in traditional female fields, while the remaining 43 were majoring in male-dominated areas. Five instruments were administered to the subjects. Seven factors were found to distinguish significantly between the two groups of women. Of the seven, three factors pertained to feminine role perception. The remaining four were concerned with sex-role stereotyping and various aspects of family background.
Photo-induced unfolding of β-lactoglobulin mediated by a water soluble porphyrin

We investigated the effects that the irradiation of a tetra-anionic porphyrin (meso-tetrakis (sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin) non-covalently bound to β-lactoglobulin (BLG), produce on the conformation of the protein. Although BLG is not a potential target for the biomedical applications of porphyrins, it is a useful model for investigating the effects of photoactive ligands on small globular proteins. We show in this manuscript that irradiation causes a large unfolding of the protein and that the conformational change is not mediated by the formation of reactive oxygen species. Instead our data are consistent with an electron transfer mechanism that is capable of triggering structural changes in the protein and causes the Trp19 residue to undergo chemical modifications to form a derivative of kynurenine. This demonstrates that protein unfolding is prompted by a Type-III photosensitizing mechanisms. Type-III mechanisms have been suggested previously, but they have been largely neglected as useful mediators of biomolecular damage. Our study demonstrates that porphyrins can be used as mediators of localized protein conformational changes and that the biomedical applications as well as the mechanistic details of electron transfer between exogenous ligands and proteins merit further investigation.
Development of homologous viral internal controls for use in RT-PCR assays of waterborne enteric viruses

Enteric viruses often contaminate water sources causing frequent outbreaks of gastroenteritis. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays are commonly used for detection of human enteric viruses in environmental and drinking water samples. RT-PCR provides a means to rapidly detect low levels of these viruses, but it is sensitive to inhibitors that are present in water samples. Inhibitors of RT-PCR are concentrated along with viruses during sample processing. While procedures have been developed to remove inhibitors, none of them completely remove all inhibitors from all types of water matrices. This problem requires that adequate controls be used to distinguish true from potentially false-negative results. To address this problem, we have developed homologous viral internal controls for hepatitis A virus (HAV), poliovirus, Norwalk virus and rotavirus. These internal controls can be used in RT-PCR assays for the detection of the above viruses by competitive amplification, thereby allowing the detection of false negatives in processed water samples. The internal controls developed in this study were successfully tested with virus-seeded environmental water sample concentrates.
Simple matrix languages

Simple matrix languages and right-linear simple matrix languages are defined as subfamilies of matrix languages by putting restrictions on the form and length (degree) of the rewriting rules associated with matrix grammars. For each n ⩾ 1, let L ( n ) [ ℛ ( n ) ] be the class of simple matrix languages [right-linear simple matrix languages] of degree n, and let L = ⋃ n ⩾ 1 L ( n ) [ ℛ = ⋃ n ⩾ 1 ℛ ( n ) ] . It is shown that L ( 1 ) [ ℛ ( 1 ) ] coincides with the class of context-free languages [regular sets] and that L is a proper subset of the family of languages accepted by deterministic linear bounded automata. It is proved that L ( n ) [ ℛ ( n ) ] forms a hierarchy of classes of languages in L [ ℛ ] . The closure properties and decision problems associated with L ( n ) , L , ℛ ( n ) , and ℛ are thoroughly investigated. Let L B [ ℛ B ] be the bounded languages in L [ ℛ ] . It is shown that L B = ℛ B and that most of the positive closure and decision results which are true for bounded context-free languages are carried over in L B . A characterization of L B as the smallest family of languages which contains the bounded context-free languages and which is closed under the operations of union and intersection is proved.
A test to evaluate flow localization during forging

This paper describes a new test which measures a material’s propensity for localized flow via an empirical parameter, percent Distributed Gage Volume (pct DGV). The specimens, which are deformed uniaxially in compression, are cylindrical and feature a reduced gage section. The measurement and calculation of pct DGV are presented in detail. Low values of pct DGV are associated with localized plastic flow and the formation of shear bands and gradients in hardness, microstructure, and flow in the test specimens. The test, therefore, offers a means to evaluate material and operating conditions that will minimize nonuniformity in production forgings of complex shapes. Test results on austenitic steels, a precipitation hardening stain less steel, 6061 aluminum, and Ti-6Al-4V show that deformation behavior depends on the alloy as well as on the microstructural condition of the alloy. The localized flow and shear band formation are related to dynamic recovery, dynamic recrystalli zation, and precipitation.
PPPS-2013: High pressure micro plasma discharge: Effect of conjugate heat transfer

Summary form only given. In recent years there has been growing interest in high pressure non-thermal micro plasma discharge [1] utilizing the Paschen's `pd' scaling law. At high pressures these plasma discharges are found to be sufficiently “warmer” than the classical non-thermal discharge even though they maintain non-equilibrium characteristics [2], making it critical the resolve the neutral gas heating in the system. In this current work high pressure micro plasma discharge are simulated using a one dimensional hybrid multi-physics model. The model included charged and neutral species conservation with detailed gas phase chemistry, self-consistent solution of the electric field, electron and neutral gas temperature as well as an external circuit model. In addition, conjugate heat transfer in the electrode is also considered. A dynamic time stepping algorithm was utilized to resolve the vastly different time scales in the system (i.e. time scale for the electrons being the fastest-time scale for heat transfer in the solid being the slowest). Simulations were carried out for a DC micro plasma discharge over a broad range of pressure, inter-electrode separation and electrode material for a He-N2 feed gas. Special attention was given on the conjugate heat transfer aspect and its effect on the gas temperature and the plasma characteristics predictions (i.e. electron density, voltage-current characteristics). Unlike the conventional and widely accepted isothermal wall boundary conditions, predictions with the conjugate heat transfer model indicated significantly different gas temperature and plasma characteristics. The gas temperature prediction from the conjugate heat transfer model was found to be in good agreement with experimental measurements. A parametric study on the ionic wind convection effects on the gas temperature was also performed which indicated second order influence on gas temperature.
Phase separation in a DMPC/Dchol mixed Langmuir Film: A combined Brewster Angle, Fluorescence and Light Scattering Microscopy study

Fluorescence microscopy [FM] is one of the most direct imaging techniques for in situ observation of morphology and phase-separation at the macroscopic scale [1] in lipid mono- or bi-layers. However, the presence of fluorescent dye-molecules can affect the system. In Brewster Angle Microscopy (BAM), one can image monomolecular Langmuir films without probes. Here, using a composite set-up of BAM, FM and Light Scattering Microscopy (LSM), we present a comparative study of the three techniques on a binary lipid mixture in the presence of two different probes. In most cases, all three techniques show precisely the same domains. However, depending on conditions, some domain types were more evident in one technique than the others. This established, we can directly test the influence of probe on the domain structure. The appearance of collapsed cholesterol-rich crystallites with film compression, and the influence of probe on this collapse, is also discussed.
Factors controlling the turnover of T memory cells

Summary: Most of the T cells participating in the primary immune response are rapidly eliminated, but small numbers of these cells survive and differentiate into long-lived memory cells. Information on the life history of memory cells can be obtained by studying the component of memory-phenotype T cells found in normal animals; these cells are presumed to represent memory cells specific for various environmental antigens. For CD8+ cells, in vivo exposure to viruses and certain other infectious agents causes a large proportion of memory-phenotype (CD44hi) cells to enter the cell cycle. In this situation, stimulation of CD44hi CD8+ cells does not seem to require T-cell receptor ligation and appears to reflect release of various cytokines, especially type I interferon. The capacity of infectious agents to induce non-antigen-specific stimulation of T cells may play a role in boosting the survival of memory cells and perhaps also in providing an adjuvant function during the primary response.
Field Surgery of the Eye and Para-Orbital Tissues

Ocular disease and injury remain a common occurrence in cattle. In many instances medical management is sufficient for resolution and amelioration of clinical signs. In selected cases, surgical intervention is required. Fortunately, field surgery remains a viable option for most cases of bovine ocular disease. While the surgical techniques are not new, thorough physical examination, proper preparation of the patient, appropriate perioperative management, and good surgical technique will assure the best results possible.
Introduction to Manifestations of Masculinity

This article provides a brief overview of the articles in the special issue “Manifestations of Masculinity.” The importance of studying masculinity, an often looked aspect of gender, is discussed. Different meanings of making manifest—literal, figurative, and symbolic—are also discussed and connected to other articles within the issue. The importance of disciplinary and theoretical diversity are also addressed, both in general and as they appear in the special issue.
A novel, two-phase medium for electrochemically induced conversion coatings

A method to facilitate electrochemical coatings from a non-aqueous, poorly conductive (and therefore normally difficult to work with) electrolyte is presented. The process involves loading the electrolyte with pretreated ion-exchange beads to provide multiple low-resistivity paths for ionic but not electronic conduction between a counter-electrode and workpiece. Using the formation of iron phosphate conversion coatings from an oil-based lubricant as a test case, the effects of bead moisture content and oil additive concentration on the coating process are described. With this new approach electrochemical coating is possible, even in poorly conductive fluids, over a far larger range of electrode separations than could otherwise be accomplished.
Options analysis for long-term capacity design and operation of a lignocellulosic biomass refinery

Abstract The growth of the lignocellulosic fuels has been hindered by technological and market uncertainty. This paper optimizes strategic investment decisions by prospective biobased fuel and chemical enterprises. A real options-based stochastic integer programming model is developed in this paper. We model a hypothetical, vertically integrated lignocellulosic enterprise that produces cellulosic ethanol and biosuccinic acid. Uncertainty is represented in bioproduct demands and prices. Strategic options including investment in research and development, investments in a flexible production platform and deferral of project investment are modeled. A hypothetical market model is also developed to correlate crude oil prices with the evolution of bioproduct markets. The discounted value of equity free cash flows is optimized. The optimal results include multiple capacity design plans based on the long term evolution of bioproduct markets. Monte Carlo simulations are also conducted to quantify the risk adjusted NPV's and returns on investment for the optimal capacity design trajectories.
Mining trajectories of moving dynamic spatio-temporal regions in sensor datasets

When mining large spatio-temporal datasets, interesting patterns typically emerge where the dataset is most dynamic. These dynamic regions can be characterized by a location or set of locations that exhibit different behaviors from their neighbors and the time periods where these differences are most pronounced. Examples include locally intense areas of precipitation, anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) readings, and locally high levels of water pollution, to name a few. The focus of this paper is to find and analyze the pattern of moving dynamic spatio-temporal regions in large sensor datasets. The approach presented in this paper uses a measure of local spatial autocorrelation over time to determine how pronounced the difference in measurements taken at a spatial location is with those taken at neighboring locations. Dynamic regions are analyzed both globally, in the form of spatial locations and time periods that have the largest difference in local spatial autocorrelation, and locally, in the form of dynamic spatial locations for a particular time period or dynamic time periods for a particular spatial node. Then, moving dynamic regions are identified by determining the spatio-temporal connectivity, extent, and trajectory for groups of locally dynamic spatial locations whose position has shifted from one time period to the next. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated on two real-world spatio-temporal datasets (a) NEXRAD precipitation and (b) SST. Promising results were found in discovering highly dynamic regions in these datasets depicting several real environmental phenomenon which are validated as actual events of interest.
Individual and Gender Differences in Sexual Self-Perceptions

Abstract A study was conducted to explore the perceptions that individuals have about the sexual component of their self-concept while paying particular attention to gender differences. A list of sexual traits was created that described various components of an individual's sexuality. As predicted, we found that males rate themselves higher on explicitly sexual dimensions (e.g., sexually responsive, experienced) and females perceive themselves to be more romantic and sexually attractive. We also examined how some individual difference variables (masculinity-femininity, erotopho-bia-erotophilia, and sexual experience) may be associated with people's perceptions of their sexuality. For males, masculinity was associated with higher self-ratings on sexual traits related to sexual experience and responsiveness, whereas for females, femininity was associated with higher self-ratings of romanticism and attractiveness. Also, we found that erotophiles and sexually experienced individuals perceive themselves as mor...
3-D Solution of flow in an infinite square array of circular tubes by using boundary-fitted coordinate system

Abstract : Heat transfer and fluid flow over circular tubes have wide applications in the design of heat exchangers and nuclear reactors. However, it is often difficult to accurately calculate the detailed velocity and temperature distributions of the flow because of the complex geometry involved in the analysis, and a lack of an appropriate coordinate system for the analysis. Boundary conditions on the surfaces of the tubes are often interpolated. This interpolation process introduces inaccuracy. To overcome this difficulty, the present study used the technique of the boundary-fitted coordinate system. In this technique, all the physical boundaries are transformed into constant coordinate lines in the transformed coordinates. Therefore, the boundary conditions can be specified on the grid points without interpolation. (Author)
GROWING WAVE AND INSTABILITY CRITERIA FOR HOT PLASMAS.

Abstract In the original colliding-pole criterion [1] for determining instability types from dispersion relations, the Landau poles had to be selected laboriously. The simple rule can now be proved that only poles colliding through negative wave numbers lead to nonconvective instability.