cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 14C-Meglumine Salicylate and Its Disposition in Humans after Oral Administration

The synthesis of 14C-meglumine salicylate was accomplished by heating 14C-meglumine with salicylic acid, in equimolar ratios, in 2-propanol. The average radiochemical yield was 97.5%. Ten healthy adult male volunteers were given 1.2 g of the compound orally. Five took 1.2 g of 1-deoxy-1-[14C]-methylamino-D-glucitol salicylate (containing about 47 micronCi), and five others took 1.2 g of 1-deoxy-1-methylamino-D-[U-14 micronCi), and five others took 1.2 g of 1-deoxy-1-methylamino-D-[U-14C]-glucitol salicylate (containing about 45 micronCi). Urine and feces were collected for 5 days, and blood was sampled for 24 hr. The peak urinary excretion of meglumine and/or its metabolites occurred between 4 and 8 hr after administration (about 7.2% of the administered dose). Meglumine was excreted primarily in the feces (72.4% over 5 days) and, to a smaller extent, in urine (21.3% over 5 days). No activity was detected in blood. The excretion rate and percentage excreted were the same for both groups of subjects, suggesting that meglumine was not metabolized by N-demethylation or conversion to carbon dioxide. The highest blood salicylate level, 44.4 +/- 1.9 microng/ml, was observed 1 hr after administration. Urinary levels of salicylic acid and its metabolites were observed to be at a maximum at 8 hr. Total salicylate recovery was 94.7 +/- 1.5% in 48 hr. Salicyluric acid was the major metabolite, accounting for 69.5 +/- 3.6% of the dose. Salicylic acid accounted for 6.8 +/- 1.2%.
Hormonal effects on the neural retina: induction of glutamine synthetase by cyclic-3',5'-AMP.

Abstract Glutamine synthetase activity of the chick embryo retina in tissue culture is induced by cyclic-3′,5′-AMP and its dibutyryl derivative. De novo enzyme synthesis appears to be involved since the effect is inhibited by both Actinomycin D and cycloheximide.
Reaction of sulfur dioxide with new dinuclear rhodium compounds

Abstract The reaction of sulfur dioxide with two new dinuclear rhodium compounds has been examined. The dinuclear compounds are unique in that two cyclopentadienylrhodium moieties are coupled by a methylene linkage between the rings. This linkage appears to result in geometric and kinetic factors which favor reactions in which RhRh bond formation may occur. Reaction of CH 2 [CpRh(CO)] 2 -μ-CO with SO 2 result in the formation of a μ-SO 2 derivative, CH 2 [CpRh(CO)] 2 -μ-SO 2 , and a second compound which may be an SO 2 adduct of CH 2 [CpRh(CO)] 2 -μ-CO. Reaction of SO 2 with CH 2 [CpRh(ene) 2 ] 2 gives a μ-S 2 O 4 derivative which is the first example of a bridging dithionite compound in the rhodium series.
Spatial and Temporal Growth Rate Variation of Bay Anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) Larvae in the mid Hudson River Estuary

Estuaries are critical habitats for larvae and juveniles of many marine fishes, possibly because they promote high growth rates and survival rates. We investigated spatial and temporal changes in growth rate of larval bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli), in the middle Hudson River estuary where abundance of larvae is high. In two consecutive summer seasons, we sampled larvae at 4 sites evenly spaced over 45 km, at weekly intervals for up to a month. We examined otoliths to determine age in days and then used age-length regressions to estimate growth rate. In 1995, larval anchovy growth rates varied from 0.39 to 0.88 mm d−1 (median=0.48 mm d−1). In 1996, growth rates varied from 0.41 to 0.77 mm d−1 (median=0.55 mm d−1). In both years, we found significant spatial and temporal variation in growth rate. Larvae collected in the upper portion of Haverstraw Bay tended to grow more slowly than larvae collected in other sites. The dates on which the most rapidly growing larvae were collected varied from site to site. Neither temperature nor salinity variations explained growth rate differences. Growth rate variation, probably governed by patches of zooplankton, occurred on temporal scales of a week and spatial scales of 15 km.
ProteinVolume: calculating molecular van der Waals and void volumes in proteins

Voids and cavities in the native protein structure determine the pressure unfolding of proteins. In addition, the volume changes due to the interaction of newly exposed atoms with solvent upon protein unfolding also contribute to the pressure unfolding of proteins. Quantitative understanding of these effects is important for predicting and designing proteins with predefined response to changes in hydrostatic pressure using computational approaches. The molecular surface volume is a useful metric that describes contribution of geometrical volume, which includes van der Waals volume and volume of the voids, to the total volume of a protein in solution, thus isolating the effects of hydration for separate calculations. We developed ProteinVolume, a highly robust and easy-to-use tool to compute geometric volumes of proteins. ProteinVolume generates the molecular surface of a protein and uses an innovative flood-fill algorithm to calculate the individual components of the molecular surface volume, van der Waals and intramolecular void volumes. ProteinVolume is user friendly and is available as a web-server or a platform-independent command-line version. ProteinVolume is a highly accurate and fast application to interrogate geometric volumes of proteins. ProteinVolume is a free web server available on http://gmlab.bio.rpi.edu . Free-standing platform-independent Java-based ProteinVolume executable is also freely available at this web site.
Reconciling institutional interests and technical functionality: the advantages of loosely-coupled systems

A characteristic of intelligent vehicle highway system (IVHS) technology that has contributed to the success of the US IVHS program is identified. IVHS technology is loosely-coupled, that is, the many different subsystems in the overall IVHS system are largely insulated from one another, so that changes to subsystems or additions of entirely new subsystems have little effect on other subsystems. This loose coupling resolves a tension that is present in every technology program: the tension between institutional interests of participants and the functionality of the new technology. The loose coupling of IVHS allows for the interests of participants to be met without undermining the functionality of the technology.
The cascading problem for interconnected networks

One potential problem that must be faced when using the interconnected accredited system approach of the trusted network interpretation is cascading. The authors introduce some proofs showing that a simple nesting condition is sufficient and sometimes necessary to prevent cascading. They give a Prolog program that finds all cascading paths. >
Impact of acculturation on cardiovascular risk factors among elderly Mexican Americans

Abstract Purpose Higher levels of acculturation among Latinos have been shown to be associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in some studies of middle-age persons. The association of acculturation and prevalence of CV risk factors in elderly Latinos is less well established. Methods Acculturation was measured using the validated bidimensional Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans-II. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the association of acculturation with prevalence of CV risk factors among 1789 elderly men and women from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging using multivariate linear and logistic regression. We tested for the interaction of acculturation with risk factors by nativity status. Results Median age was 69.8 years. Higher acculturation was associated with lower systolic blood pressure, lower low-density lipoprotein, higher high-density lipoprotein, and lower prevalence of CV disease after age and sex adjustment. Higher acculturation remained associated with lower level of low-density lipoprotein and higher level of high-density lipoprotein after full adjustment. Nativity status did not affect these results. Conclusions Contrary to other reports in middle-aged persons, higher levels of acculturation were associated with better lipid profiles and no significant differences in other CV risk factors by acculturation level in elderly Latinos.
Post‐cold war national security policy: A survey of U.S. Government print and internet literature, 1990–1995

The conclusion of the Cold War rivalry between the United States and former Soviet Union in the late 1980s and early 1990s created new areas of opportunity and concern for U.S. national security policy. No longer menaced by the threat of nuclear war from Soviet military might, the United States emerged from the Cold War as the world's preeminent military power. Successful developments such as this often produce elation in the pronouncements of U.S. officials as a recent Clinton administration declaration demonstrates:
Customization bias in decision support systems

Many Decision Support Systems (DSS) afford customization of inputs or algorithms before generating recommendations to a decision maker. This paper describes an experiment in which users make decisions assisted by recommendations of a DSS in a fantasy baseball game. This experiment shows that the act of customizing a DSS can lead to biased decision making. I show that users who believe they have customized a DSS's recommendation algorithm are more likely to follow the recommendations regardless of their accuracy. I also show that this customization bias is the result of using a DSS to seek confirmatory information in a recommendation.
Systems engineering challenges in inkjet biofabrication

Inkjet biofabrication describes the application of "bioink" via an inkjet printing mechanism in order to build two- and three-dimensional tissue constructs for medical treatment. The bioinks may include active compounds such as drugs and living cells as well as non active, scaffolding materials. The technology faces several limitations that present interesting sensing, actuation, and control problems. The nature and scope of these problems is discussed.
Linear phase IIR wavelets and perfect reconstruction subband coding

We classify and develop methods of generating a broad family of perfect reconstruction (PR), two-band subband coding schemes using linear phase (unstable) IIR filters. Subject to the condition that all four of the analysis and synthesis filter transfer functions have identical denominators, and some other mild technical restrictions, we show how to generate a large family of such subband coding schemes and associated scaling functions and smooth wavelets. >
Ray Theory Analysis of the Shadow Blister Effect

When an extended light source such as the Sun illuminates two objects so that their shadows lie close to each other, the shadow of one of the objects occasionally appears to bulge out toward the shadow of the other. This effect is caused by the overlap of the penumbras of the shadows and is analyzed here with ray theory. A laboratory demonstration of this phenomenon is performed and compared with theoretical predictions.
Diagnóstico institucional del servicio civil en América Latina: Perú

Este informe de diagnostico presenta los resultados de la evaluacion del servicio civil en Peru finalizada en 2015. Se basa en el marco metodologico elaborado en 2002 y en las buenas practicas descritas en la Carta Iberoamericana de la Funcion Publica (CLAD-ONU, 2003), la cual suscribieron todos los paises de America Latina como el estandar hacia el cual deberia apuntar la gestion del servicio civil. El mismo fue aplicado a la evaluacion de 22 paises de America Latina y el Caribe entre 2002 y 2005, incluido Peru. El informe de situacion del servicio civil de este pais, que se completo a principios de 2011, constituye la linea de base con la cual se comparan, en el presente diagnostico, los avances -y los desafios todavia pendientes- en terminos de la profesionalizacion del servicio civil.
Spatio-Temporal Segmentation of Video Data

Image segmentation provides a powerful semantic description of video imagery essential in image understanding and efficient manipulation of image data. In particular, segmentation based on image motion defines regions undergoing similar motion allowing image coding system to more efficiently represent video sequences. This paper describes a general iterative framework for segmentation of video data . The objective of our spatiotemporal segmentation is to produce a layered image representation of the video for image coding applications whereby video data is simply described as a set of moving layers.
Crystallization, structure determination and least-squares refinement to 1.75 Å resolution of the fatty-acid-binding protein isolated from Manduca sexta L☆

Abstract The molecular structure of an insect fatty-acid-binding protein isolated from Manduca sexta L. has been determined and refined to a nominal resolution of 1.75 A. Crystals used in the investigation were grown from 1.6 m -ammonium sulfate solutions buffered at pH 4.5 with 50 m m -sodium succinate, and belonged to space group P 2 1 with unit cell dimensions of a = 27.5 A , b = 71.0 A , c = 28.7 A and β = 90.8 ° . An electron density map, phased with four heavy-atom derivatives and calculated to 2.5 A resolution, allowed for complete tracing of the 131 amino acid residue polypeptide chain. Subsequent least-squares refinement of the model reduced the R -factor from 46.0% to 17.3% using all measured X-ray data from 30.0 A to 1.75 A. Approximately 92% of the amino acid residues fall into classical secondary structural elements including ten strands of anti-parallel β-pleated sheet, two α-helices, one type I turn, three type II turns, four type II′ turns and one type III turn. As in other fatty-acid-binding proteins, the overall molecular architecture of the insect molecule consists of ten strands of anti-parallel β-pleated sheet forming two layers that are nearly orthogonal to one another. A helix-turn-helix motif at the N-terminal portion of the protein flanks one side of the up-and-down β-barrel. The functional group of the fatty acid is within hydrogen-bonding distance of Gln39, Tyr129, Arg127 and a sulfate molecule, while the aliphatic portion of the ligand is surrounded by hydrophobic amino acid residues lining the β-barrel. The binding of the carboxylic acid portion of the ligand is very similar to that observed in P2 myelin protein and the murine adipocyte lipid-binding protein, but the positioning of the hydrocarbon tail after approximately C6 is completely different.
Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity

Local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) is a rare yet devastating complication from the administration of local anesthesia. The ability to recognize and treat LAST is critical for clinicians who administer these drugs. The authors reviewed the literature on the mechanism, treatment, and prevention of LAST, with the goal of proposing a practical method for its management.
Understanding information systems implementation in the UK health sector:methodological innovation and the use of cause mapping

This paper is written with two objectives. First, to report some research results relating to the implementation of large Information Systems (IS) in the UK Health Sector. Second, the research method used is presented as an exemplar of the way an innovative technique, Multiple- Case Cause Mapping (MCCM), can strengthen and enrich case study based research. Implementing large strategic IS in the UK Health Sector has recently become the subject of much debate, as hospitals have undergone wide-reaching government-led institutional reforms involving the introduction of IT. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the associated organisational changes, an intensive research method was employed to capture the richness of context and processes. It involved a longitudinal multiple-case cause mapping investigation of the collective constructs and organisational processes impacting upon four hospital implementations. It is suggested that this qualitative research methodology could be of benefit to other areas of IS research.
Spirits and Gods

The crown jewel of the human symbolic operation was the self. Once the self was established and differentiated from the rest of the world, the word blocks were set up in a cause-and-effect sequence. Perhaps the biologic processes involved in segmentalizing our experience into blocks resulted in a sequential arrangement of events into a space and time pattern, leading to a type of linear logic. With language, whether an innate biologic structure or a learned phenomenon, we developed the concept of cause and effect. “If I (the self) act in a certain manner, then I will cause certain things to happen.” It was only a short step from that idea to believing that if I or my self can cause events to occur, other events are probably caused by other selves.
Trends in streamflow in the Yukon River Basin from 1944 to 2005 and the influence of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.

Summary Streamflow characteristics in the Yukon River Basin of Alaska and Canada have changed from 1944 to 2005, and some of the change can be attributed to the two most recent modes of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Seasonal, monthly, and annual stream discharge data from 21 stations in the Yukon River Basin were analyzed for trends over the entire period of record, generally spanning 4–6 decades, and examined for differences between the two most recent modes of the PDO: cold-PDO (1944–1975) and warm-PDO (1976–2005) subsets. Between 1944 and 2005, average winter and April flow increased at 15 sites. Observed winter flow increases during the cold-PDO phase were generally limited to sites in the Upper Yukon River Basin. Positive trends in winter flow during the warm-PDO phase broadened to include stations in the Middle and Lower Yukon River drainage basins. Increases in winter streamflow most likely result from groundwater input enhanced by permafrost thawing that promotes infiltration and deeper subsurface flow paths. Increased April flow may be attributed to a combination of greater baseflow (from groundwater increases), earlier spring snowmelt and runoff, and increased winter precipitation, depending on location. Calculated deviations from long-term mean monthly discharges indicate below-average flow in the winter months during the cold PDO and above-average flow in the winter months during the warm PDO. Although not as strong a signal, results also support the reverse response during the summer months: above-average flow during the cold PDO and below-average flow during the warm PDO. Changes in the summer flows are likely an indirect consequence of the PDO, resulting from earlier spring snowmelt runoff and also perhaps increased summer infiltration and storage in a deeper active layer. Annual discharge has remained relatively unchanged in the Yukon River Basin, but a few glacier-fed rivers demonstrate positive trends, which can be attributed to enhanced glacier melting. A positive trend in annual flow during the warm PDO near the mouth of the Yukon River suggests that small increases in flow throughout the Yukon River Basin have resulted in an additive effect manifested in the downstream-most streamflow station. Many of the identified changes in streamflow patterns in the Yukon River Basin show a correlation to the PDO regime shift. This work highlights the importance of considering proximate climate forcings as well as global climate change when assessing hydrologic changes in the Arctic.
How to Maximize Your Article's Impact

Your law review article has been researched, written, edited, and published. You did the work, now reap the reward. Here are strategies to maximize your article’s readership and impact. And burnish your reputation as an expert. The author is a former editor of several legal publications and a past president of Scribes, the American Society of Legal Writers.
The Resource Curse Reconsidered: Cash Crops and Local Violence in Kyrgyzstan

It is often noted in resource curse literature that agricultural economies are less conflict-prone than countries managing mobile, high-value resources. In the vast literature linking resource endowment and conflict, cash crop economies are often considered immune to civil violence, believed to stand apart from the many horrific episodes of violence and civil war centered on “lootable” wealth (such as alluvial diamonds, tin, tungsten, or other conflict minerals). But many incidents of violence—especially local violence—are in fact occurring in cash crop economies. Drawing on newspaper accounts, policy analyses, ethnographic interviews, and in-depth reports by international organizations, I examine an episode of local violence in 2010 in Kyrgyzstan. Through this case study, the article provides a better understanding of local violence in cash crop economies that can apply to other weak states.
Reproductive Strategy of Microtus montanus

Field evidence is presented in support of the concept that Microtus montanus cues reproduction to chemical compounds in the plants it eats. Data on initiation and cessation of reproduction in both Wyoming and Utah study sites are closely correlated with availability of vegetatively growing plants. Age at first reproduction varies greatly. Litters from early spring breeding attain sexual maturity at 3 to 4 weeks of age, whereas later litters attain sexual maturity at 7 to 8 weeks of age. Late summer litters do not reproduce until the following spring. This highly facultative reproductive strategy exerts a major influence on population recruitment rates.
Cytological and Morphological Studies of Caularthron Bicornutum

SUMMARYThe morphology of Caularthron bicornutum has been reviewed and numerical data of a specimen (1403) have been presented. The somatic chromosome number of 40 has been established for this species which is the diploid number reported for other members of the Laelieae subtribe. Forty chromosomes paired normally to form 20 bivalents at the first metaphase of meiosis. Twenty chromosomes were observed in each microspore of a tetrad at the microspore division.
Bison (Gigantobison) latifrons and Bison (Simobison) alleni in Southeastern Idaho

That the known specimens of Bison (Gigantobison) latifrons are extremely rare, and that much more extensive and accurate data are to be desired on this species, has been pointed out by Skinner and Kaisen (1947). J. R. Schultz (1937), discussing the problem of Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary and the correlation of European and North American vertebrate faunas, states that "further explorations coupled with exact field work and careful collecting in the Snake River region of Idaho, the Valley of Mexico, and in the Paso Robles and Tulare beds of California may throw much needed light on the problem..." and that "as yet the terrestrial faunas of the Western States have not been tied in with either the marine section or the glacial drift." It is the purpose of this paper to present data on two unusually large and complete skulls of Bison (Gigantobison) latifrons, both of which came from the same stratigraphic horizon in the American Falls Lake beds near Pocatello, Idaho, which have been exposed by the erosive action of American Falls Reservoir. This is the first account, I believe, of latifrons as related to Idaho. The evidence points toward both skulls being in situ when excavated. Their inclusion in the literature would bring to five the known total of nearly complete skulls of this species. Fortunately, the apparent stratigraphic position of the two latifrons skulls reported here, relative to the three local and heretofore undescribed specimens of Bison (Simobison) alleni, can also be given. Perhaps these data may eventually help to throw light on the chronologic sequence of these two species of bison in the intermontane west, and to clarify this relationship in this region as compared with findings relative to the same problem in the Great Plains, as reported by Schultz and Frankforter (1946) and in California by Donald E. Savage (1950). The first specimen of latifrons to be found in this region was found by Mr. Wayne B. Whitlow, teacher of zoology at Pocatello High School. He and his student, Mr. Woodrow Benson, excavated it late in the fall of 1933 from the east beach of American Falls Reservoir, SE j Sec. 9, T 6 S, R 32 E. This specimen is now in the possession of Mr. Whitlow at Pocatello High School. When discovered about midway between the cliff and the water's edge, only one horn core tip was protruding above the sand. The upper skull was complete when found, but the facial portion was so badly disintegrated that only nasals, four teeth, and the cranium and horn cores were recovered. The degree of fusion of the cranial sutures and the extent of tooth wear indicate that this is a skull of a fully mature and possibly old individual. The teeth show a little more wear than those of the Hopkins specimen, (PI. I) to be described later. In the Whitlow specimen both; horn core tips are somewhat incomplete, the right more so than the left. The more complete left side measure3 1051 mm. from the frontal suture to the end of the horn core tip. If allowance is made for the eroded conditions of the tips, this skull probably exceeds the 192 Vol. 82, No. 2
Growth of Ephestia cautella (Walker) Population under Conditions Found in an Empty Peanut Warehouse and Response to Variations in the Distribution of Larval Food

When empty peanut warehouse conditions were simulated, spreading a constant amount of food among additional locations did not significantly affect the number of eggs laid by Ephestia cautella (Walker), but did reduce the number of larvae that completed development. Population growth decreased from roughly 7- to 3-fold as the number of locations increased from 1 to 24. The mean number of eggs laid at a location was proportional to the number of peanuts at that location. Larval production declined mainly as a result of females laying eggs at a smaller fraction of locations as the number of locations increased.
CARBOHYDRATES CONTAINING SULFUR

Abstract Thioglycosides with sulfur as the glycosidic bridge are naturally occurring. They have been examined chemically and also biochemically wherein they aid in establishment of enzyme activity. Sugars and sugar nucleoside derivatives with sulfur—and sometimes selenium and nitrogen—replacing the ring oxygen show interesting chemistry and are of great potential usefulness in medicine as indicated by initial biochemical investigations. Their value in biochemistry as analogs of natural structures is proving of useful interest. Carbohydrates with sulfur at positions other than at the anomeric carbon or with ring involvement have interesting chemical properties. This review presents a general survey of carbohydrates containing sulfur, of their special methods of synthesis, their special chemical properties and reactions and a very brief review of their biochemistry and potential clinical value.
Stroke Code to CT - Does Stroke Severity Affect Timing? (P2.311)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the time it takes to get to CT scan upon stroke code initiation between patients with NIHSS score greater and less than 6. BACKGROUND: It is essential that patients with suspicion for stroke have brain imaging done as rapidly as possible. While it may be natural to act more urgently upon more severe appearing strokes, the argument might be made that acting upon patients with not initially severe-appearing strokes is even more important than those patients with obviously severe stroke, as patients with lower NIHSS scores have better 5-year outcomes compared to those with higher scores after receiving IV thrombolysis (Machado et al 2015). DESIGN/METHODS: We retrospectively examined 762 stroke codes called at the Mount Sinai Hospital in Manhattan, NY between 2010-2015. We examined: 1. the time from ED arrival to CT scan and 2. the time from stroke code activation to CT scan. We used an NIHSS of 6 as the cutoff for less severe versus more severe strokes in the ED (Adams et al 1999). RESULTS: Patients with NIHSS 6 (Welch two-sample t-test. t = 10.512, df = 623, p-value < 0.0001). Lower severity strokes took on average 20 minutes longer to arrive to the CT scanner compared with more severe strokes. Patients with NIHSS < 6 also had a longer recorded time from stroke code activation to CT scan initiation (Welch two-sample t-test. t = 5.5109, df = 690, p-value < 0.0001), with lower severity strokes taking on average 10 minutes longer. CONCLUSIONS: It is imperative that we act upon patients with less severe appearing strokes with as much rapidity as we do for those with severe strokes in order to ensure that all stroke patients have the best chance for long-term recovery. Disclosure: Dr. Kwei has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wilson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Liang has nothing to disclose.
Correlates of use of alcohol mixed with energy drinks among youth across 10 US metropolitan areas.

Abstract Background Predictors of use of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) among youth have been understudied. The current analyses investigated the prevalence of and correlates for use of AmED among alcohol users from a national study of stimulant use among youth. Methods The National Monitoring of Adolescent Prescription Stimulants Study (N-MAPSS) assessed behaviors and risk factors for stimulant use from 11,048 youth, 10–18 years of age recruited from entertainment venues across 10 US cities. Of the four cross sections, two had questions on having alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) in the past 30 days along with sociodemographic characteristics, current tobacco and marijuana use and current nonmedical use of prescription opioids, anxiolytics, and stimulants. Only 13 to18 year olds and those who reported alcohol use were included in the analyses. Results Overall, 28.4% (1392 out of 4905) of the 13 to18 year olds reported past 30-day alcohol use. Among alcohol users, 27% reported having alcohol mixed with energy drinks in the past 30 days. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that use of AmED was significantly associated with tobacco and marijuana use and nonmedical use of prescription stimulants. Conclusions Underage drinking is common among youth and more than a quarter of these drinkers use AmED. Use of AmED is significantly associated with tobacco and marijuana use and nonmedical use of prescription stimulants. Drug and alcohol intervention programs should educate on the risks of AmED, as the same population is at high-risk for use of AmED and alcohol/drug use.
Advances in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cytomegalovirus infections after liver transplantation.

SUMMARY CMV is one of the most frequent viral infections after orthotopic liver transplantation. Thus, there should be a high index of clinical suspicion, particularly in liver transplant recipients who have risk factors for the development of CMV disease, including donor CMV seropositivity, the use of antilymphocyte preparations, and retransplantation. The availability of effective antiviral therapy to treat CMV disease has emphasized the importance of an aggressive approach to the early diagnosis and treatment of this viral infection. Ganciclovir has been a major advancement in the treatment of severe CMV disease and has had a major impact on reducing the incidence and severity of CMV disease and its complications in the liver transplant recipient. Furthermore, these antiviral agents are now being evaluated for their prophylactic potential. Indeed, a number of these agents or combinations of these agents have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence and severity of CMV disease, particularly in the CMV-seropositive transplant recipient; however, the cost-effectiveness of such therapy and its overall impact on long-term graft and patient outcome remain poorly defined at this time. Further investigations will be needed to define the role and importance of prophylactic therapy for the prevention of CMV infection and disease in the liver transplant recipient.
The Disparate Effects of two Molecular Chaperones on Tau Amyloid Formation

Tau is an intrinsically disordered protein that binds microtubules and plays important roles in axonal transport and microtubule stability in neurons. It has been implicated in a set of neurodegenerative diseases collectively termed tauopathies, characterized by the dissociation of tau from microtubules and its accumulation in pathological, insoluble amyloid-type aggregates. Molecular chaperones are important players in all amyloid diseases, including tauopathies, as they are part of the cellular response to prevent protein misfolding and aggregation. Tau has been shown to interact with numerous chaperones, although much of the previous work is biological in nature and few interactions have been characterized quantitatively at the molecular level. We seek to better define the interactions between tau and two heat shock proteins, Hsc70 and HSPB1. While both proteins act to prevent tau aggregation and likely play protective roles in tauopathies, their mechanisms of action are distinct. Hsc70 is a 71 kDa ATPase that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to assist client proteins to fold to their native structures. In contrast, HSPB1 is a 27 kDa small heat shock protein that forms large, heterogeneous oligomers and functions as a holdase, binding improperly-folded proteins and preventing aggregation. Using NMR spectroscopy, electron microscopy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and other biophysical tools, we characterized the modes by which each protein binds tau and the effects of each protein on the kinetics of tau fibril formation. We show that each protein binds the aggregation-prone microtubule binding repeat region of tau, but they recognize distinct sequences within this region. In addition, the two chaperone proteins have inhibitory effects on fibril formation, but HSPB1 acts primarily during the nucleation phase of fibril formation, whereas Hsc70 has a greater effect on fibril elongation.
A structural equation model of conflict-affected youth coping and resilience

ABSTRACTThis study tested a theoretical relationship between trauma exposure, youth coping strategies and peer, family and community level factors on psychological distress and well-being among 399 trauma-affected youth in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze paths and to assess differences in relationships by gender. Psychological distress was measured by self-reports of internalizing problems (depression and anxiety), externalizing problems (aggression and behavioral problems) and somatic complaints (pain without medical cause). Self-reports of happiness, hope and self-esteem were measures of well-being. Findings from this study suggest gender differences in how individual coping strategies and external factors explain mental health resilience in trauma-affected youth. Problem-focused coping strategies were associated with higher psychological distress in both boys and girls. Use of avoidance was associated with better well-being in girls and boys and ...
Reproducibility of high-definition (3D) manometry and its agreement with high-resolution (2D) manometry in women with fecal incontinence.

Background While widely used in clinical practice, the reproducibility of high-definition anorectal manometry (HD-ARM) remains unclear. We evaluated the intra-individual reproducibility of HD-ARM and compared pressures measured with HD-ARM and high-resolution anorectal manometry (HR-ARM). Methods Thirty-six women with fecal incontinence had an initial HD-ARM (HD-ARM1); on the same day, after randomization, 21 had a second (HD-ARM2). Sixteen women had a third (HD-ARM3) 4 weeks later. Twenty-five had also been evaluated by HR-ARM previously. Rectoanal pressures were assessed at rest, during squeeze and simulated evacuation. Concordance among pressures was assessed with Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Key results Anal resting and squeeze pressures measured with HD-ARM were reproducible on the same and different days; for average resting pressures of HD-ARM1 vs HD-ARM2, CCC = 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53-0.94), and for HD-ARM1 vs HD-ARM3, CCC = 0.60 (95% CI: 0.28-0.93). For maximum squeeze pressures of HD-ARM1 vs HD-ARM2, CCC = 0.86 (95% CI: 0.75-0.97), and for HD-ARM1 vs HD-ARM3, CCC = 0.56 (95% CI: 0.21-0.91). The rectoanal gradient during evacuation was significantly concordant between HD-ARM1 and HD-ARM2 but not HD-ARM1 and HD-ARM3. Resting (CCC = 0.38 [95% CI: 0.14-0.62]) and squeeze pressures (CCC = 0.73 [95% CI: 0.57-0.89]) measured with HD-ARM1 and HR-ARM were also concordant. Conclusions & inferences Among women with fecal incontinence, measurements with HD-ARM were reproducible on the same (anal resting and squeeze pressures and rectoanal gradient during evacuation) and different days (anal resting and squeeze pressures) and correlated with HR-ARM measurements. These findings support use of HD-ARM and HR-ARM for longitudinal assessments of anal resting and squeeze pressures.
Beyond fun and games: Toward an adaptive and emergent learning platform for pre-med students with the UT TIME Portal

The University of Texas Transformation in Medical Education Portal (UT TIME Portal) is a game-based learning platform for select pre-med students. The UT TIME Portal offers unique opportunities for assessment of player performance through rich quantitative and qualitative user data, asynchronous access to content and individualized feedback, and motivational mechanics like game-earned badges and professor-awarded discussion board stars. Our initial findings suggest that the UT TIME Portal helps students improve knowledge regarding basic patient interviewing skills and influences attitudes about professionalism in social media use. This paper explores the results of our first experiments with the UT TIME Portal - suggesting parameters for an adaptive and emergent learning platform for healthcare professional education based on the rich data set available from the multi-faceted design.
Alpha Half-Lives of Cm 244 , Cm 245 , and Cm 246

The alpha half-lives of ${\mathrm{Cm}}^{244}$, ${\mathrm{Cm}}^{245}$, and ${\mathrm{Cm}}^{246}$ measured from mass spectrometric analyses of curium and its plutonium daughters are 18.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 years (weighted average of present results and those reported in reference 1), 1.15\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{4}$ years, and 4.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{3}$ years, respectively.
Does Endovascular Repair Reduce the Risk of Rupture Compared to Open Repair in Splanchnic Artery Aneurysms

Aneurysms of the splanchnic circulation (VAA-visceral artery aneurysm) carry an especially high mortality with rupture. Repair of VAA requires a precise understanding of the collateral circulation and determination of whether maintenance of patency is required to prevent end organ ischemia. In elective cases of VAA repair, both open and endovascular techniques confer excellent results with limited mortality; the latter being mostly employed for ablative therapies. The main determinants of modality will be the need to maintain perfusion of the end organ and the complicating factors to surgical exposure. In cases where ablative aneurysm treatment is planned regardless of modality, endovascular repair is an appropriate first step. In cases requiring maintenance of in-line flow to the parent artery or when persistent aneurysm flow would result in ongoing bleeding, open surgery remains the most appropriate option.
Flywheel Energy Storage - Dynamic Modeling

A flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) is suitable for high-power, low-energy content to deliver or absorb power in surges. This type of application is very suitable for frequency regulation in an electric grid. In addition, a modern FESS is built as a high-efficiency, high-speed motor/generator drive system that employs modern power electronics, therefore, the power quality of the grid-connected output is excellent. In addition, a FESS is very valuable to delivering ancillary services to the grid, and it can contribute reactive power compensation. Thus, a FESS can maintain high reliability in power systems by providing ride-through capability to the power system area while the rest of the generating fleet, which has a slower response in the power system, performs primary and secondary frequency response to the grid. A FESS has several advantages compared to a chemical-based energy storage (CBES) system, namely: it has high energy density and durability, and it can be cycled frequently without impacting performance. The response of FESS is faster than that of a CBES. Also, unlike some CBES, FESS has the same performance regardless of the number of cycles of charging/discharging performed throughout its lifetime.
An Examination of Equity and Interdependence Theory as Predictors of Maintenance Behaviours: Interracial Vs. Intraracial Dating Relationships

The purpose of the current study is to further test interdependence theory as a predictor of relational maintenance behaviours. The study sought to understand the relational maintenance behaviours ...
Moisture soft sensor for batch fluid bed dryers: A practical approach

Abstract Moisture content is a critical quality attribute in drying of pharmaceutical formulations. This paper proposes a hybrid soft sensor for online real-time estimation of the product moisture in batch fluid bed dryers. Major applications include end-point detection, feed-back control, and process optimization resulting from increased process understanding. The proposed soft sensor utilizes commonly available measurements in a hybrid first-principle/empirical mathematical framework with few parameters to calibrate. Each parameter has a physical meaning in the model, enabling quantitative comparison of the drying dynamics of different formulations, products, and equipment. The soft sensor model requires experimental data from few batches for calibration, and historical data from production batches can be used for this purpose when available. Three case studies, two in pilot plant using different formulations and one using historical data from manufacturing batches, are presented in this paper. The results support the proposed soft sensor model as a robust, practical and accurate method for online estimation of moisture in fluid bed dryers.
FOREIGN METALLIC BODIES IN THE MRI ENVIRONMENT: ARE THEY SAFE? CAN WE BE SURE?

Performance of MRI is uncommonly conducted on patients with retained metallic devices/objects. Recent work has suggested with an appropriate protocol, pacemakers/lCD's may be safer than previously thought. However, for other devices and retained leads lacking the ability to be programmed to MR-safe
Using neural networks to model and forecast solar PV power generation at Isle of Eigg

Optimizing small-scale power systems, microgrids, involves modeling their components to include renewable energy (RE) sources, like solar. Obviously, RE generation is dependent on the weather conditions and because of this, solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation models are inherently nonlinear. This paper explores applicability of artificial neural networks (NN) to model solar power generation as a part of standalone microgrids found on remote islands. Specifically, it applies NN tools to the generation, weather, and irradiance time series data for the Isle of Eigg, Scotland, and shows a potential for further investigation including the predictive modeling based just on weather data that can then be used for optimization of the microgrid and microgrid performance.
How Problematic Will Liberal Abortion Policies Be for Pronatalist Countries

Those concerned with fostering both women’s reproductive health and reproductive rights need to monitor closely the interplay between abortion and population policies. Currently the majority of countries with policies aimed at altering their fertility levels have abortion policies that are not in harmony with their fertility goals. Most antinatalist countries restrict women’s access to abortion and most pronatalist countries permit women an easy access to abortion. In both cases this lack of harmony allows critics of a country’s abortion policy to attack that policy with demographic arguments. Since the UN projects that 69 % of the world’s population by 2035 will be living in countries with below replacement fertility, demographic arguments for restricting a woman’s easy access to abortion are likely to proliferate, to become more salient and to constitute a real threat to women’s reproductive rights in particular countries.
Vibrational States in the ϒ Spectroscopy

Vibrational states, which are expected (in the string picture) in addition to ordinary $Q\overline{Q}$ bound states, are investigated in the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}$ spectroscopy by use of a phenomenalogical approach. The lowest ${1}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{-}}$ vibrational state is predicted to be below the continuum threshold, between the radial excitations ${\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$. Its mass is estimated to be 990 (\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}90) MeV above $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}$ with a leptonic width of 0.20 (\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15) keV.
Reading and Language Performance of Low-Income, African American Boys in Grades 1–5

This investigation examined the gender gap in language and reading skills in a sample of low-income African American boys compared to African American girls from the same neighborhoods and schools....
The Roots of Baseball in the US

Baseball in the US did not develop in a vacuum. Like other professional sports, several critical social, cultural, and historical circumstances coincided with the birth and growth of the sport. These included the Civil War, Reconstruction, the promotion and spread of Jim Crow laws, and several Supreme Court rulings that restricted or denied rights to African-Americans. Despite the abolition of slavery following the Civil War, racism, discrimination, and segregation continued in the US. Similarly, initial hopes to integrate baseball following the Civil War were shattered by contemptuous treatment of African-American players on and off the playing fields. As an end-result, African-Americans (as well as black Hispanics) were excluded from Major League Baseball for more than a half-century, despite perceptions of the game as “America’s sport.” In general, segregation in Major League Baseball reflected the racial milieu prevailing in the larger US society. When Jackie Robinson broke the Major League Baseball color barrier in 1947, it was an epochal event that helped trigger the US Civil Rights Movement.
Fear of Missing Out = Missing Out. (or: things I saw while you were distracted by your phone)

(2019). Fear of Missing Out = Missing Out. (or: things I saw while you were distracted by your phone) The Design Journal: Vol. 22, Running with Scissors: 13th International Conference of the European Academy of Design, Dundee, 10-12th April, 2019, edited by Louise Valentine, Joanna Bletcher and Leon Cruickshank, pp. 2167-2168.
Predicting functional variants in enhancer and promoter elements using RegulomeDB

Here we present a computational model, Score of Unified Regulatory Features (SURF), that predicts functional variants in enhancer and promoter elements. SURF is trained on data from massively parallel reporter assays and predicts the effect of variants on reporter expression levels. It achieved the top performance in the Fifth Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation "Regulation Saturation" challenge. We also show that features queried through RegulomeDB, which are direct annotations from functional genomics data, help improve prediction accuracy beyond transfer learning features from DNA sequence-based deep learning models. Some of the most important features include DNase footprints, especially when coupled with complementary ChIP-seq data. Furthermore, we found our model achieved good performance in predicting allele-specific transcription factor binding events. As an extension to the current scoring system in RegulomeDB, we expect our computational model to prioritize variants in regulatory regions, thus help the understanding of functional variants in noncoding regions that lead to disease.