cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is significant acoustic energy found in the audible and ultrasonic harmonics in cricket calling songs

Crickets are known to be inefficient sound producers. When calling, typically less than 1% of their metabolic energy is converted into sound. This low efficiency has been attributed to losses within the insect and to poor acoustic coupling with the environment. A previously uninvestigated factor that might contribute to low efficiency is ultrasonic radiation. If the impacts of the plectrum and file teeth excite vibration in the ultrasonic range, then the sound pressure level meters typically used to measure acoustic power would not accurately detect it. We made audible and ultrasound recordings of the calling songs of a phylogenetically diverse group of 6 cricket species, and, for comparison, 2 katydid species. In most of the cricket species, energy was present well into the ultrasonic region as a series of harmonics of the carrier frequency. However, the energy in these peaks was very small in comparison to the audible-range harmonics. There was no evidence of significant oscillations that were not harmonics of the carrier frequency. In all but one cricket species, over 97% of the total audible and ultrasonic energy was contained in the carrier frequency band.
Radiation and scattering from ferrite-tuned cavity-backed slot antennas: theory and experiment

A three-dimensional finite-element method hybridized with the spectral/spatial domain method of moments is presented for the analysis of ferrite-tuned cavity-backed slot antennas. The cavity, which is partially filled with magnetized ferrite layers, is flush mounted on an infinite ground plane with possible dielectric or magnetic overlay. The antenna operates primarily in the ultrahigh-frequency band. The finite-element method is used to solve for the electric-field distribution inside the cavity, whereas the spectral-domain approach is used to solve for the exterior region. An asymptotic extraction of the exponential behavior of the Green's function followed by a spatial evaluation of the resulting integral is used to improve computational speed. Radar cross section, input impedance, return loss, gain, and efficiency of ferrite-tuned cavity-backed slots (CBS) are calculated for various biasing conditions. Numerical results are compared with experimental data.
Robust control and tracking

Considers some problems in active vision for which techniques in robust control may be very relevant. In particular, we discuss eye tracking problems. We also survey some key ideas from active vision including optical flow and deformable contours.
Pulmonary maturational arrest and death in a patient with pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis

We present the clinical presentation and pathological findings from a term infant with atypical neonatal lung disease. A full term Caucasian male presented at birth with signs of respiratory distress. The respiratory condition continued to deteriorate despite maximum intervention and the patient was placed on ECMO for further cardiorespiratory assistance. An open lung biopsy demonstrated findings consistent with severe lung growth abnormality with non-uniform pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis. The patient consequently developed a pulmonary hemorrhage that required discontinuation of ECMO. The patient died shortly after decannulation. Most literature suggests that PIG is one of the few pediatric interstitial lung diseases that has a favorable prognosis with rare mortality in the absence of co-morbidities. However, the current case suggests prognosis may depend more on the underlying diagnosis than on the histological finding of PIG. In addition, this case may provide insight into the pathogenesis and potential modifiers of this idiopathic disorder.
Measurement of memory access contentions in multiple vector processor systems

The purpose of this paper is to study delays encountered when several vector processors access a common memory. Such delays may be caused by access conflicts at the memory or by contentions within the network connection processors to common memory. Because such delays are potentially the limiting performance bottleneck of common memory architectures, it is important to understand how they depend on design parameters, in particular the number of processors serviced by the common memory, the degree of memory interleaving, and the speed of the memory chips. Such understanding will make it possible to assess the performance of systems with increasing number of processors and new memory technologies. It is essential for any assessment of the future potential of common memory systems. There are three possible approaches to the study of this problem, analytical models, simulations, and measurements on existing machines. All three approaches are necessary because each has advantages and limitations. Analytical models owe their effectiveness to simplifying assumptions that need to be checked by the other two methods. In particular, stochastic methods and queueing theory offer not techniques to deal with regular memory access patterns that are common in scientific and engineering applications. Simulations can generally approximate realitymore » more closely, however, even simulations do not replace real measurements. They are often very slow and contain assumptions that need to be tested. This paper presents a set of measurements of memory access delay performed on several computers of the Cray family under carefully controlled conditions. 9 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.« less
Study on Semantic Representation of Web Information Based on Repeating Patterns

The method that using repeating information, appeared in Web pages to represent the semantic meaning can be used to improve the correct rate of Web pages classification. This paper analyses and improves the traditional repeating patterns representation methods, and further proposes a new semantic representation of Web information based on repeating patterns. First, the repeating patterns are formal described and then the repeating patterns of Web information are extracted and the correlative matrix is built. At last, gamma-approximate matching algorithm is used for computing the weight of repeating patterns and categorize the Web pages. Experiment result shows that semantic representation of Web information based on repeating patterns is good at the extraction of Web pages' topic characters, and this approach can also improve the accuracy of Web information classification.
Spinal accessory nerve schwannoma involving the jugular foramen.

Summary: We describe a patient with a schwannoma involving the intracranial, foraminal, and extracranial portions of the spinal accessory nerve.
Using skeletons for nonholonomic path planning among obstacles

The authors describe a practical path planner for nonholonomic robots in environments with obstacles. The planner is based on building a one-dimensional, maximal clearance skeleton through the configuration space of the robot. Rather than using the Euclidean metric to determine clearance, a special metric which captures information about the nonholonomy of the robot is used. The robot navigates from start to goal states by loosely following the skeleton. The resulting paths taken by the robot are of low complexity. Much of the computation can be done offline for a given robot, making for an efficient planner. The focus is on path planning for mobile robots, particularly the planar two-axle car, but the underlying ideas may be applied to planners for other nonholonomic robots. >
How Information Science Professionals Add Value in a Scientific Research Center

In response to the increasing need for a data curation workforce, the Data Curation Education in Research Centers program is educating library and information science students in scientific data curation. During the summer of 2012, the authors worked alongside scientists and data managers at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, to learn data curation within the context of a research center. Each student was matched with a “Science Mentor” and a “Data Mentor” based on prior work experience and the results of a placement questionnaire completed before the internship. Though NCAR has robust data services, we found that there was nevertheless still a role for data curators who can foster close collaborations between scientists and repository managers that may have traditionally not existed. This collaboration supports an otherwise impossible mutual education that benefits all involved. This poster demonstrates tangible outcomes of these internships.
Multi-stimuli-responsive self-healing metallo-supramolecular polymer nanocomposites

The self-healing capability is particularly desirable for multifunctional polymeric materials because it can make the materials more reliable, reduce repair costs, and extend their lifetime in many applications. Herein, a multi-stimuli responsive self-healing metallo-supramolecular polymer nanocomposite exhibiting superior mechanical properties was developed and demonstrated. Terpyridine ligand-terminated polyurethane (PU) was prepared by in situ polymerization on the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The terpyridine ligand-terminated CNT/PU prepolymers were dynamically crosslinked with the metal ion Zn2+ to obtain a metallo-supramolecular polymer nanocomposite. The tensile strength and tensile strain-at-break of the CNT/PU polymer nanocomposite increased from 14.2 MPa and 620% to 22.8 MPa and 1076%, respectively, with the addition of Zn2+. The Zn2+-coordinated metallo-supramolecular polymer nanocomposite showed a rare combination of strong, tough, and elastic mechanical properties and was able to self-heal via multiple stimuli, including remotely controlled near infrared (NIR) light (4.2 mW mm−2, 30 min), relatively low temperatures (90 °C, 1 h), and/or solvents, all with excellent healing efficiencies (i.e., higher than 93%) and short healing times. Therefore, this unique multi-stimuli responsive self-healing metallo-supramolecular polymer nanocomposite has the potential to provide advances in structural component, microelectronic and sporting equipment applications, to name just a few.
Fractals for Malignancy Detection in Dermoscopy Images

Accurate diagnosis of melanocytic lesions is amongst the most difficult problems for dermatologists. Border irregularity of a skin lesion is one of the diagnostic criteria to be assessed by the dermatologist. While there are myriad publications defining the dermatologic criteria that reproducibly distinguish ("presumably") benign melanocytic nevi from malignant melanomas, these criteria are neither universally accepted nor easily recognizable in all cases. To close this gap, this study focuses on quantitative assessment of shape-based irregularity features of suspected skin lesions in dermoscopy images. Border irregularities were investigated and analyzed in 100 skin lesions to develop objective and quantifiable criteria that evaluate diagnostically challenging lesions and effectively distinguish benign from malignant lesions. More specifically, this study automatically delineates skin lesion borders and then quantitatively measures irregularity of the extracted border by using eleven different fractal measures. Classification and feature selection analysis showed that malignancy in dermoscopy images can be detected with a high accuracy by using fractal features. We also find that which fractal features are the most effective ones for finding malignancies.
Effect of dietary choline and ethanol on hepatic triglycerides and activity of hepatic ethanol oxidizing enzymes in rats.

SummaryFemale rats were maintained for 21 days on a liquid diet with and without choline supplementation. Ethanol was given to half of the rats as an isocaloric substitution for dietary sucrose. Choline supplementation inhibited the accumulation of hepatic triglycerides and was required for maximum stimulation of the hepatic microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) activity. Increase in hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity did not occur.
Can the vaccine adverse event reporting system be used to increase vaccine acceptance and trust

Vaccine refusal has an impact on public health, and the human pappillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is particularly underutilized. Research suggests that it may be difficult to change vaccine-related attitudes, and there is currently no good evidence to recommend any particular intervention strategy. One reason for vaccine hesitancy is lack of trust that vaccine harms are adequately documented and reported, yet few communication strategies have explicitly attempted to improve this trust. This study tested the possibility that data from the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) can be used to increase trust that vaccine harms are adequately researched and that potential harms are disclosed to the public, and thereby improve perceptions of vaccines. In the study, participants were randomly assigned to one of three communication interventions. All participants read the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) vaccine information statement (VIS) for the HPV vaccine. Two other groups were exposed to additional information about VAERS, either summary data or full detailed reports of serious adverse events from 2013. Results showed that the CDC's VIS alone significantly increased perceptions of vaccine benefits and decreased perceived risks. Participants who were also educated about VAERS and given summary data about the serious adverse events displayed more trust in the CDC and greater HPV vaccine acceptance relative to the VIS alone. However, exposure to the detailed VAERS reports significantly reduced trust in the CDC and vaccine acceptance. Hence, general information about the VAERS data slightly increased trust in the CDC and improved vaccine acceptance, but the specific VAERS reports negatively influenced both trust and acceptance. Implications for communicating about vaccines are discussed.
Stimulation of RNA Synthesis in L-929 Cells by Rabbit Tumor Necrosis Factor

SummaryBCG or Corynebacterium par-vum primed rabbits injected with endotoxin contained a serum substance called tumor necrosis factor (TNF) that killed transformed mouse L-929 cells but not secondary normal mouse embryo fibroblasts. L-929 cells treated with TNF showed a six-fold stimulation of RNA synthesis that reached a maximum at approximately the same time as they started to die. Non-sensitive normal mouse embryo fibroblasts as well as TNF resistant L-929 cells did not show this large stimulation of RNA synthesis. When actinomycin D was employed to inhibit RNA synthesis, in the presence of TNF, a synergistic effect on killing of the transformed cells occurred.
Trend analysis on viral hepatitis A from 2005 to 2011 in Wujin

Objective To analyze the prevalence and incidence trend of Virus hepatitis in Wujin district from 2005 to 2011 and provide scientific basis for formulating control measures. Methods The Population and epidemic reporting data of wujin dstrict from 2005 to 2011 were used statistical analysis, used the grey model to analysis the incidence trend of hepatitis A. Results Average incidence of hepatitis A was 2.99/100000.The overall incidence of viral hepatitis showed a downward trend. Conclusion The gray-model based on data of hepatitis A during the past 7 years can forecast the trend for the latter few years.
Differential genetic pathway of duct and acinar carcinomas of the pancreas

Genetic pathways of various types of pancreatic carcinoma are described. There are many differences in the genetic pathway between duct carcinogenesis and acinar carcinogensis. K-ras mutation is a key event in the early stage of pancreatic duct carcinogenesis and various gene alterations accumulate from precancerous ductal lesions until the development of carcinomas. Therefore, inhibition of K-ras gene mutation might be important for the prevention, and the combination of therapeutic agents against some target genes might be needed for therapy of ductal carcinomas.
Exchange Systems and the Spatial Distribution of Elites: The Organization of Stratification in Agrarian Societies

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the organization of stratification in agrarian societies. Economic stratification is a defining characteristic of agrarian societies. However, agrarian societies are not thereby similar with respect to the number of classes supported, class relations, class mobility, and the amount of stratification found among the peasantry. Although a limited number of agrarian societal types can be isolated by various economic variables, only Marxists have a full explanatory system that can relate differences in the economy to differences in economic stratification. This procedure for examining the basis of stratification is logical, consistent, and in most cases fruitful. Agrarian societies exist where control of the means of production does not provide any basis for the division between a powerless producing class and a powerful nonproducing class. The chapter also presents a corollary to the theory of production anticipated by Marx. In this corollary production, variables are not ignored but are placed within a regional economic framework where the critical variable is the mode of exchange. Stratification is seen to result from differential access to or control over the means of exchange; and variation in stratification systems is related to types of exchange between producers and nonproducers as they affect and are affected by the spatial distribution of the elite and the level of commercialization in the region and beyond.
Large reductions in urban black carbon concentrations in the United States between 1965 and 2000

Long-term pollutant concentration trends can be useful for evaluating air quality effects of emission controls and historical transitions in energy sources. We employed archival records of coefficient of haze (COH), a now-retired measure of light-absorbing particulate matter, to re-construct historical black carbon (BC) concentrations at urban locations in the United States (U.S.). The following relationship between COH and BC was determined by reinstating into service COH monitors beside aethalometers for two years in Vallejo and one year in San Jose, California: BC (μg m−3) = 6.7COH + 0.1, R2 = 0.9. Estimated BC concentrations in ten states stretching from the East to West Coast decreased markedly between 1965 and 1980: 5-fold in Illinois, Ohio, and Virginia, 4-fold in Missouri, and 2.5-fold in Pennsylvania. Over the period from the mid-1960s to the early 2000s, annual average BC concentrations in New Jersey and California decreased from 13 to 2 μg m−3 and 4 to 1 μg m−3, respectively, despite concurrent increases in fossil fuel consumption from 1.6 to 2.1 EJ (EJ = 1018 J) in New Jersey and 4.2 to 6.4 EJ in California. New Jersey's greater reliance on BC-producing heavy fuel oils and coal in the 1960s and early 1970s and subsequent transition to cleaner fuels explains why the decrease was larger in New Jersey than California. Patterns in seasonal and weekly BC concentrations and energy consumption trends together indicate that reducing wintertime emissions – namely substituting natural gas and electricity for heavy fuel oil in the residential sector – and decreasing emissions from diesel vehicles contributed to lower ambient BC concentrations. Over the period of study, declining concentrations of BC, a potent and short-lived climate warming pollutant, contrast increasing fossil fuel carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the U.S. Declining BC emissions may have had the benefit of mitigating some atmospheric warming driven by increased CO2 emissions with complementary health benefits.
Noise and non-neuronal contributions to the BOLD signal: applications to and insights from animal studies

The BOLD signal reflects hemodynamic events within the brain, which in turn are driven by metabolic changes and neural activity. However, the link between BOLD changes and neural activity is indirect and can be influenced by a number of non-neuronal processes. Motion and physiological cycles have long been known to affect the BOLD signal and are present in both humans and animal models. Differences in physiological baseline can also contribute to intra- and inter-subject variability. The use of anesthesia, common in animal studies, alters neural activity, vascular tone, and neurovascular coupling. Most intriguing, perhaps, are the contributions from other processes that do not appear to be neural in origin but which may provide information about other aspects of neurophysiology. This review discusses different types of noise and non-neuronal contributors to the BOLD signal, sources of variability for animal studies, and insights to be gained from animal models.
Treatment of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection with ceftibuten.

Ceftibuten is an orally active third generation cephalosporin with increased potency against members of theEnterobacteriaceae. In this study, 74 women with acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) were enrolled in an open study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this new antibiotic. Patients were treated with 400 mg ceftibuten once daily for seven days and followed for four to six weeks after cessation of therapy. All pathogens were eradicated during treatment, including five coagulase-negative staphylococci that were resistant to ceftibuten. At five to nine days posttreatment, 93% of patients were cured. Of the five recurrent infections, four patients had a relapse and one had a reinfection. By four to six weeks post-treatment, five additional patients had recurrent infections. The overall cure rate was 85% in this study. Most ceftibuten-associated adverse effects were mild and involved the gastrointestinal tract. Diarrhea was the most commonly reported side effect. Of the eight (11%) patients who developed diarrhea, three had a positive latex agglutination test forClostridium difficile. The diarrhea resolved in all patients without sequelae. Ceftibuten was effective and generally safe in the treatment of women with acute uncomplicated UTI. The high incidence of diarrhea observed in this study is a concern.
Anthropology of Migration and Education Across the Americas: Conceptual Developments

Abstract: Immigration is an enduring and increasingly widespread phenomenon throughout the Americas, generating new questions for scholars of education. In this essay, we first provide a general and necessarily brief overview of global trends in migration and education. We then propose five conceptual lines of inquiry, drawn from sociocultural anthropology, in an effort to develop a significant line of inquiry of growing importance throughout the region: the anthropology of migration and education. We offer examples, taken from our own research and that of others, to exemplify the conceptual points. In conclusion, we indicate some of the outstanding questions for anthropologists of education to tackle.
It Comes with the Territory: Why States Negotiate with Ethno-Political Organizations

ABSTRACTGiven that minority ethno-political organizations are generally weaker than states yet seek to change their policies or remove the ruling regime from power, why would negotiation occur? States prefer to ignore or repress such organizations, which typically have little to offer in return amidst negotiations that can legitimize them while delegitimizing the state. When a challenging organization establishes governing structures and controls movement in part of a state's territory, however, it can easily inflict significant economic and political costs on the state while also possessing a valuable asset to exchange for concessions. An organization with territorial control cannot be ignored, while the state will have a strong incentive to negotiate before the state loses more face, the group gains more legitimacy, neighboring states are more likely to invade, and the international community is more likely to formally recognize any facts on the ground as a new status quo. Our analysis of 118 organizati...
Microfibers as Physiologically Relevant Platforms for Creation of 3D Cell Cultures

Microfibers have received much attention due to their promise for creating flexible and highly relevant tissue models for use in biomedical applications such as 3D cell culture, tissue modeling, and clinical treatments. A generated tissue or implanted material should mimic the natural microenvironment in terms of structural and mechanical properties as well as cell adhesion, differentiation, and growth rate. Therefore, the mechanical and biological properties of the fibers are of importance. This paper briefly introduces common fiber fabrication approaches, provides examples of polymers used in biomedical applications, and then reviews the methods applied to modify the mechanical and biological properties of fibers fabricated using different approaches for creating a highly controlled microenvironment for cell culturing. It is shown that microfibers are a highly tunable and versatile tool with great promise for creating 3D cell cultures with specific properties.
You Can Be a Better Supervisor

A better supervisor is active, focuses on the case being presented, is willing to clearly express definite opinions about the patient, the therapist, and the transference. Therapists are actively encouraged to express their observations and ideas about the patient, and to consider other ways of organizing their observation. Supervisors can learn these skills and become better supervisors. Residents prefer a supervisor who seems emotionally involved in the supervision, the patient, and the resident.
Extensor Indicis Proprius Tendon Transfer for Extensor Pollicis Longus Rupture

Six of 13 patients who underwent extensor indicis proprius (EIP) tendon transfer for extensor pollicis longus (EPL) rupture between 1985 and 1998 were available for long term assessment of the func...
From Apollo to Information Science: Information as Organization Theory, Organization Theory as Information — A Whole Systems Critique

We live in a society where the production and handling of information has become increasingly more important. For this reason alone it behooves us to ask what the relation if any there is between the structure of an organization and the kinds of information activities it typically is able to support.1 If we go a bit further and conceive of information in its broadest and most generic sense as the product of some basic process of inquiry,2 then the most general question we can ask is what the philosophy of science can contribute to the study of organizations, i.e., to the development of organization theory and its relationship to information science broadly conceived. The purpose of this paper is to raise precisely this question.
TNM Classification of Tumours of the Ovary

The definitions of the T, N and M categories correspond to the FTGO stages. both systems are included for comparison.
Theoretical Arguments in Debate Rounds: Toward a Justification.

Debates focusing on questions of debate theory have become increasingly more common. While some judges and coaches bemoan the presence of theoretical arguments in debate rounds, the present essay s...
The magnitude and impact of tobacco marketing exposure in adolescents' day-to-day lives: An ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study.

Abstract Purpose Research indicates that tobacco marketing contributes to higher pro-tobacco attitudes and behaviors among adolescents, but no studies have been able to assess the impact of real-world tobacco marketing exposures in real-time. The purpose of this study was to examine the magnitude and impact of tobacco marketing exposure on adolescents using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Our primary hypotheses were that (1) youth would most frequently report tobacco marketing at the retail points-of-sale and (2) greater exposures to tobacco marketing would be associated with more favorable tobacco-related attitudes, use, and expectancies. Methods Participants were adolescent males from rural and urban Ohio (N = 176, ages 11–16). For ten days, these adolescents were prompted at two—three random times/day to complete a brief smartphone-based survey about their exposures and responses to tobacco-related advertising. Results Adolescents reported exposures to tobacco marketing an average of 1.9 times over the 10-day EMA period, with over 10% seeing a tobacco advertisement 5 or more times. Reports of marketing exposures occurred most frequently at the point-of-sale; exposures were higher among tobacco users and rural adolescents. Consistent with hypotheses, marketing exposure was related to more positive attitudes to the tobacco advertisements, more tobacco use, and higher expectancies to use in the future. Conclusions Overall, these findings signal the magnitude of tobacco marketing exposures and their pernicious impact on youth. Findings underscore the importance of federal, state, and local-level tobacco regulatory policies to protect youth from the marketing that puts them at risk for a lifetime of nicotine addiction and tobacco-related diseases.
Harnessing the gatekeepers of glucocorticoids for chemoprevention of non-melanoma skin cancer

Despite effective surgical methods for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), patients suffer from tissue damage, scarring, or even disfigurement; thus, there is a need for chemopreventive approaches. Because of the complex interplay between glucocorticoids (GCs), inflammation, and cancer, we sought to determine the role of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (11βHSD1 and 2) in regulating GCs during skin cancer development and progression. 11βHSDs modulate the activation of GCs in a tissue-specific manner and have been reported to play a role in development and progression of other types of cancer, but their role has not yet been reported in NMSC. Here, we found a significant upregulation of 11βHSD2 protein in skin cancer cells when compared to normal skin cells, suggesting a role for this enzyme in the multifactorial process of skin cancer development. In addition, inhibition of 11βHSD2 with siRNA resulted in significant reduction in colony formation in vitro. Finally, our in vivo study elucidated that inhibition of 11βHSD2 with pharmacological inhibitor, Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) could significantly diminish tumorigenesis in a well-studied in vivo mouse model of NMSC. Overall, these studies highlight for the first time a potential novel role for 11βHSD2 in NMSC development and may allow for new GC treatment approaches capable of avoiding deactivation by the enzyme. If 11βHSD2 can be inhibited as we have done here, or circumvented using modified GCs, this may lead to more efficacious outcomes for NMSC patients by preventing deactivation of the GC and minimizing resistance.
Hydroxyl radical planar imaging in flames using femtosecond laser pulses

Hydroxyl radical (OH) planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging is one of the most widely used laser diagnostic techniques to investigate reacting flows such as flames and plasmas. In conventional PLIF experiments, 10-Hz, commercial Nd:YAG/dye-laser-based systems are often used for OH excitation. In recent years, significant developments are also reported in using diode-pumped solid-state and pulse-burst laser systems for high-repetition-rate (kHz–MHz) measurements. In general, all these laser sources generate nanosecond-duration, narrowband laser pulses which are to be tuned to a specific ro-vibrational excitation transition line. In the present work, we investigate the use of broadband, ultrashort femtosecond-duration (fs) laser pulses for OH-PLIF imaging in flames. The fs excitation of the OH A2Ʃ+ ← X2∏ (1, 0) transition is followed by fluorescence detection from the (0, 0) and (1, 1) vibrational bands. Because of the broad bandwidth, the excitation laser is coupled to a large number of OH ro-vibrational transitions at the same time; hence, species selectivity is obtained by detecting fluorescence emission in the 310–325 nm spectral window. This scheme is shown to be free from fluorescence from other flame species as confirmed by high-resolution fluorescence spectra recorded under a variety of flame conditions. Measured OH number density profiles in CH4, C2H4 and H2 calibration flames are in good agreement with model predictions. Two-dimensional imaging of OH at 1-kHz repetition rate is also demonstrated in a turbulent diffusion flame. The present fs OH-PLIF scheme can find novel applications in fundamental chemical physics research, as well as in practical engine combustion and flame diagnostics.
Introduction to the symposium: Bienestar—the well-being of Latinx farmworkers in a time of change

This symposium explores the well-being of Latinx farmworkers living and laboring in the United States. Our primary aim is to take a deeper look at the lived experiences of farmworkers. In the introduction, we explore the various ways in which well-being is framed in diverse academic disciplines, and how the concept of well-being has been employed in previous research on Latinx farmworkers. We argue that ethnographic methods have potential to represent farmworker experiences in a more nuanced manner than many other social science approaches. We advocate further research and action in terms of farmworker safety, health (including mental health and access to care), food security and food provisioning, rural isolation and access to housing, poverty and job security. Finally, we argue that farmworkers should be considered active and important actors in the context of global environmental change. Ultimately, the well-being of farmworkers is co-dependent on global environmental health and sustainability.
Abstract P141: Toll Like Receptor 4 Mediated Autophagy Contributes to Hypertension-Induced Kidney Injury

Hypertension is the second leading cause of chronic kidney disease in the world. Angiotensin II (Ang II) induced Toll-like receptor 4, TLR4, activation contributes to hypertension-induced renal inf...
Reframing library student employment as a high-impact practice: Implications from case studies

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to discuss how academic libraries can directly contribute to campus student success initiatives through student employment programs. Case studies from the persp...
Alzheimer’s Disease: A medical challenge of 21st century

Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most common causes of loss of mental function broadly known as “Dementia”. Alzheimer’s disease affects approximately 2% (6.5 Million) of people in the developed countries and responsible for over 100,000 death per year in USA Alzheimer’s disease usually occurs between sixth to ninth decade and its progressive deterioration comprised of gradual destruction of memory, judgment, language, reasons in addition to behavioral alterations. Microscopic biopsy shows cortical atrophy along with ventricular enlargement of the brain. These clinical manifestations reflect the neurotic degeneration in cerebral cortex, especially, the temporo-parietal cortex and the hippocampus. Pathological abnormalities of Alzheimer’s disease include brain deposition of two fibrillary proteins. These two are known as Beta-amyloid proteins containing Apolipoprotein E and Tau proteins. Alzheimer’s disease affects primarily cholinergic neurons , therefore, treatment is followed by specific drugs that inhibit the degradation of acetylcholine within synapses. Current medications only treat the cognitive symptoms but not the underlying disorder. Several lines of ongoing research are showing promising scientific results. These include, uncovering the biological markers for early detection and developing new effective drugs. Also, new approaches have been employed to block the molecular processes that lead to this disease. Moreover, many clinicians are exploring alternative pathways for Alzheimer’s disease treatment, such as; good diet along with mental and physical exercise as preventive methods.
Does the Number of Cycles of Consolidative High Dose Cytarabine for Patients with AML Undergoing Allogeneic HSCT Matter? a Single Center Experience

Introduction High-dose cytarabine (HD-AraC) is an important component of intensive post-remission therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Its efficacy in core-binding factor (CBF) AML has been well established but it remains controversial whether HD-AraC is effective before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT). Herein, we report our experience at Allegheny Health Network (AHN) regarding the number of cycles of HD-AraC used before Allo-HSCT and its effect on survival. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 49 patients with AML who received HD-AraC after achieving complete remission and underwent Allo-HSCT at our institution between January 2010 and June 2018. Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), CBF-AML, and primary induction failure were excluded. The HD-AraC dosing regimen used at our institution is 3,000 mg/m2 IV every 12 hours on days 1, 3, 5 for a total of 6 doses per 28-day cycle. Fifteen patients received 1 cycle, twenty patients received 2 cycles, and fourteen patients received >2 cycles of HD-AraC. The majority of the patients (n=32, 65%) received a myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen. The unadjusted probabilities of overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method and a multivariate analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression model for odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and p-value. Number of HD-AraC cycles, age, conditioning regimen, and AML risk stratification per European Leukemia Net (ELN) were used as covariates. Results Median age was 56 years (IQR: 45.1-63.3) and median days to Allo-HSCT was 155 (IQR: 127-202). Our patients received a median of 2 cycles (IQR: 1-3) of HD-AraC before Allo-HSCT. With median follow up of 10 months, the median overall survival for patients who received 1, 2, and >2 cycles of HD-AraC was 9.9, not reached, and 33 months, respectively. Patients who received 2 cycles of HD-AraC showed a trend toward lower mortality with odds ratio of 0.22 (95% CI: 0.03-1.79, p-value 0.158). Conclusion Our data shows that patients who received two cycles of HD-AraC had a lower mortality rate with a trend towards significance. However, the majority of these patients also received a MAC regimen (n=18, 90%) which is significantly (p-value 0.005) more than patients who received 1 cycle (MAC n=6, 40%) and >2 cycles (MAC n=8, 57.1%) of HD-AraC. In addition to this bias that is related to the retrospective nature of the study, the small sample size as well as this being a single center experience limits definitive conclusions. Larger studies are needed to determine the optimal number of HD-AraC as a bridge to Allo-HSCT.
“You Hired Me to Do This”: Power, Identity, and Student Activist Support

In this study, we seek to understand the role of educators (faculty, staff, and administrators) in supporting identity-based student activists through a power-conscious framework. Specifically, we ...
Life on Enceladus? It depends on its origin

Cassini measurements suggest hydrothermal activity on Enceladus that could support methanogenesis. Bayesian analysis of models simulating an abiotic or biotic ocean indicates the latter is more probable so long as abiogenesis is sufficiently likely to occur.
Comprehensive evaluation of power flow and adjustment method to restore solvability based on GCRNN and DDQN

Abstract In view of the problem of manpower and time consumption caused by unsolvable power flow in current AC / DC hybrid power grid with new energy, a power flow state assessment and solvability recovery adjustment method based on graph convolutional recurrent neural network (GCRNN) and deep double Q-learning network (DDQN) is proposed. First, active power balance degree, reactive power balance degree and channel transmission margin are defined and weighted together to evaluate the solvability of power flow. Then, a power flow state evaluation model based on GCRNN is proposed by combining graph convolution with recurrent neural network, where the input is tangent vector of power flow equations, and the output is comprehensive evaluation index of solvability. Next, the state space, action space and multiple rewards of deep reinforcement learning are formed. By introducing the search direction, learning information extraction and search space constraints, an automatic adjustment method to restore power flow solvability is designed. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed method performs well both in New England 39-bus standard system and actual power grid of China. Compared with the results obtained by other methods, the superiority of the proposed method is verified.
When beliefs and evidence collide: psychological and ideological predictors of motivated reasoning about climate change

Motivated reasoning occurs when we reason differently about evidence that supports our prior beliefs than when it contradicts those beliefs. Adult participants (N = 377) from Amazon’s Mechanical Tu...
Contextual Query Intent Extraction for Paid Search Selection

Paid Search algorithms play an important role in online advertising where a set of related ads is returned based on a searched query. The Paid Search algorithms mostly consist of two main steps. First, a given searched query is converted to different sub-queries or similar phrases which preserve the core intent of the query. Second, the generated sub-queries are matched to the ads bidded keywords in the data set, and a set of ads with highest utility measuring relevance to the original query are returned. The focus of this paper is optimizing the first step by proposing a contextual query intent extraction algorithm to generate sub-queries online which preserve the intent of the original query the best. Experimental results over a very large real-world data set demonstrate the superb performance of proposed approach in optimizing both relevance and monetization metrics compared with one of the existing successful algorithms in our system.
Taste: Cellular Basis

Taste is the sense that detects the chemical composition of foodstuffs. Taste is initiated in peripheral sensory organs termed taste buds. Chemical stimuli in the oral cavity are sensed by receptor cells in taste buds, which transit information to primary sensory afferents and on to higher centres in the brain. Keywords: gustation; chemosensory transduction; taste bud; receptors; orbitofrontal cortex
MobiVine: a middleware layer to handle fragmentation of platform interfaces for mobile applications

To foster creation of rich mobile applications, popular platforms such as Android, iPhone and Nokia S60 offer extensive middleware support. This includes not only helping developers code and package their application modules in a format suitable for deployment, but also providing 'interfaces' to a) access information on the mobile device (for e.g. user location), and b) invoke device capabilities (like camera), from within the applications. Although usage of such platform interfaces leads to richer modules, it requires the developer to deal with application fragmentation arising due to heterogeneity in syntax, semantics and implementation of these interfaces across different platforms. In this paper, we first look into the problem posed by this fragmentation and characterize it's uniqueness in the mobile setting. Thereafter, we present 'M-Proxy', a semantically structured unit to absorb platform interface heterogeneity, and use it as a building block to develop 'MobiVine', a middleware 'de-fragmentation' layer for mobile applications. We demonstrate how MobiVine can be seamlessly integrated with existing platform middlewares using the notion of 'M-Plugins'. We also analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of MobiVine through implementations for three mobile platforms - Android, Nokia S60 and Android WebView.
Models of Customer Behavior: From Populations to Individuals

There have been various claims made in the marketing community about the benefits of 1-to-1 marketing versus traditional customer segmentation approaches and how much they can improve understanding of customer behavior. However, few rigorous studies exist that systematically compare these approaches. In this paper, we conducted such a systematic study and compared the performance of aggregate, segmentation, and 1-to-1 marketing approaches across a broad range of experimental settings such as multiple segmentation levels, multiple real world marketing datasets, multiple dependent variables, different types of classifiers, different segmentation techniques, and different predictive measures. Our results show that, overall, 1-to-1 modeling significantly outperforms the aggregate approach among high-volume customers and is never worse than aggregate approach among low-volume customers in our experimental settings. Moreover, the best segmentation techniques tend to outperform 1-to-1 modeling among low-volume customers.
Vascular stiffness in insulin resistance and obesity

Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes are associated with a substantially increased prevalence of vascular fibrosis and stiffness, with attendant increased risk of cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. Although the underlying mechanisms and mediators of vascular stiffness are not well understood, accumulating evidence supports the role of metabolic and immune dysregulation related to increased adiposity, activation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, reduced bioavailable nitric oxide, increased vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM remodeling in the pathogenesis of vascular stiffness. This review will give a brief overview of the relationship between obesity, insulin resistance and increased vascular stiffness to provide a contemporary understanding of the proposed underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.
STUDIES ON CARTILAGE CELLS IN VITRO. II. CHANGES IN AGGREGATION AND IN CARTILAGE-FORMING ACTIVITY OF CELLS MAINTAINED IN MONOLAYER CULTURES.

Abstract 1. 1. Articular and epiphyseal cartilage cells, dissociated from femora of 13-day chick embryos were cultured in monolayer for various lengths of time. The cells were redispersed, tested for aggregability by rotation in flasks, and the aggregates examined for presence of cartilage. 2. 2. Freshly dissociated chondrocytes always formed one or two giant aggregates. Cultivation in monolayer reduced progressively the tendency of cells to aggregate, resulting in smaller and less compact clusters. Decrease in size of aggregates was steep following the first days of cultivation, then levelled off. 3. 3. Aggregates of freshly dissociated chondrocytes differentiated readily into cartilage. Cultivation in monolayer resulted in a decline in the chondrogenic activity of the cells. The steep decrease in aggregability of the monolayer-grown cells preceded the marked decline in cartilage forming activity. After 9 days of growth in monolayer, the cell, when aggregated, displayed no cartilage forming activity. 4. 4. Chondrocytes maintained in monolayer for 15 days and devoid of chondrogenic activity were coaggregated with freshly dissociated cartilage-forming cells from mouse embryos. Chimeric aggregates, were formed and after further cultivation showed lumps of cartilage constructed by both kinds of cells. The significance of these results is briefly discussed.