cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Humidity-Responsive Gas Barrier of Hydrogen-Bonded Polymer–Clay Multilayer Thin Films

It is well-known that gas barrier behavior in most polymer and composite materials degrades at elevated humidity. In an effort to reduce this trend, the influence of relative humidity (RH) on the gas barrier of thin films comprising montmorillonite clay and polyvinylpyrrolidone, created via layer-by-layer assembly, was investigated. These hydrogen-bonded thin films approximately doubled in thickness when RH was increased to 100% but returned to within 1% of the original thickness when RH was decreased to 0%, with minimal swelling/deswelling hysteresis. Transmission electron microscopy reveals a highly aligned nanobrick wall structure, which has a clay concentration of 74 wt % and greater than 95% visible light transmission. The oxygen transmission rate (OTR) through these films, deposited on 179 μm poly(ethylene terephthalate) film, remarkably decreases as a function of RH. A 40-BL film has an OTR of 3.9 (cc/(m2·day·atm)) at 0% RH, while exposure to 100% RH decreased this value by 11%. In this case, great...
Optical micro-ring resonator based ultrasonic detector for multimodal photoacoustic microscopy

A cover-slip type transparent optical ultrasonic detector based on a polymeric micro-ring resonator was developed for achieving multimodal photoacoustic microscopy at diffraction-limited spatial resolution.
Syphilis epidemic situation analysis during 2005-2012 in Langfang

Objective Analyze the syphilis epidemic situation in Lang fang,to provide scientific basis for STD prevention and control measures.Methods To collect and summarize cases of syphilis epidemiology data in Lang fang city from 2005 to 2012,using descriptive epidemiological methods to analyze.Results A total of 1648 cases of syphilis from 2005 to 2012 were reported,the recessive syphilis accounted for up to 46.18%.There is an upward trend in the epidemic condition of syphilis,and syphilis epidemic situation from 2010 to 2012 has skyrocketed.Occurrence number and incidence of the female are more than the male.Many syphilis cases were with low levels of farmers,migrant workers,workers and the unemployed.Conclusions The incidence rate of syphilis in Lang fang city is increasing year by year,need to further strengthen STD prevention and control work.
Quantitative Prediction of the Poisoning Area of Leaky Transportable Toxicants

In order to explore a method for the quantitative prediction of the poisoning area in the transportable toxicant leakage,the hemisphere diffusion mode was applied to analyze the laws of toxic gas diffusion;hence,the quantitative mathematical prediction mode was deduced.It provides a scientific method for the effective first aid in the accidents.
Exposure to Economically Abusive Tactics Among Adolescent Girls in the Child Welfare System

Economically abusive tactics (EAT), including financial exploitation, economic control, and employment sabotage, have been increasingly identified in intimate relationships. Negative outcomes include increased material hardship, increased depression, and co-occurrence with physical and emotional abuse. However, there is no known research on adolescent exposure to EATs, or its relationship with other well-being indicators. This exploratory study examined the extent of witnessing EAT among adolescent girls involved in child welfare, along with relationships between witnessing EAT and exposure to physical violence, risk of mental health challenges, and current financial self-efficacy. Interviews were conducted with 105 girls ages 12–19. Results indicated that nearly half witnessed moderate to high EATs. Rates of EATs were significantly higher among girls who witnessed physical violence. At the bivariate level, witnessing EATs was correlated with increased rates of physical and emotional abuse, physical neglect, and number of types of trauma, as well as higher levels of depression and PTSD and decreased financial self-efficacy. Implications include the need for measurement refinement, screening, prevention, and intervention for child welfare-involved girls, and continued research regarding EAT exposure.
Early Nutrition in Preterm Infants: Effects on Neurodevelopment and Cardiometabolic Health

Nutrition provided during a NICU hospitalization and after hospital discharge is a major determinant of infant growth. Nutritional practices for preterm infants have evolved in recent decades, with an emphasis on increasing growth, primarily through greater macronutrient provision. Specific interventions, such as providing specialized preterm formula or fortified breast milk, are effective in increasing weight gain and other measures of growth, both in the NICU and after discharge. Further, substantial evidence supports the long-term benefits of several nutritional interventions on neurodevelopmental outcomes. More recently, data are emerging to suggest that despite the neurodevelopmental benefits of nutritional fortification, augmenting weight gain may come at a cost to cardiometabolic health. In this review, we discuss the evidence base supporting nutritional interventions for preterm infants in relation to effects on early growth. In addition, we examine evidence regarding the impact of early growth and nutrition on long-term outcomes, highlighting that promoting faster growth to optimize neurodevelopment may also have adverse cardiometabolic effects.
Alpha 1E subunit of the R-type calcium channel is associated with myelinogenesis

During myelinogenesis, we found an exceedingly strong, transient expression of the alpha(1E) gene for the R-type voltage-gated calcium channel in CNS white matter. This immunoreactivity appeared in glial cells along specific pathways of the brainstem, cerebellum, and telencephalon. The reactivity followed a wave that progressed from the brainstem at P5, to the cerebellar peduncles by P8, the arbor vitae by P14, and the granular layer by P17. The reactivity-peaked about 3-4 days later and decreased gradually to become negligible in all areas before adulthood. Ultrastructural analysis confirmed that alpha(1E) immunoreactivity was located in oligodendroglial somata, their projections, paranodal wraps and loose myelin sheaths. There was a distinct association of the channel protein reactivity on oligodendroglial membranes in contact with the axon. We propose that glial projections, contacting axons, sense axonal firing through small K(+) currents and open the high voltage R-type calcium channels to signal myelination.
Detection and recognition of 3D targets in panchromatic gray scale imagery using a biologically-inspired algorithm

A three-dimensional (3D) target detection and recognition algorithm, using the biologically-inspired MapSeeking Circuit (MSC), is implemented to efficiently solve the typical template matching problem in computer vision. Given a 3D template model of a vehicle, this prototype locates the vehicle in a two-dimensional (2D) panchromatic image and determines its pose (i.e. viewing azimuth, elevation, scale, and in-plane rotation). In our implementation, we introduce a detection stage followed by the spawning of multiple MSC processes in parallel to classify and determine the pose of the detection candidates. Our implementation increases the speed of detection and allows efficient classification when multiple targets are present in the same image. We present promising results after applying our algorithm to challenging real world test imagery.
Image reconstruction for positron-emission tomography when anatomical boundaries are known

Summary form only given, as follows. A method is proposed for improving estimates of radioactivity distributions obtained with PET (positron emission tomography) by utilizing anatomical information derived from MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or X-ray CT (computered tomography). An algorithm is identified for computing regularized maximum-likelihood (ML) estimates of radioactivity distributions, subject to the constraint that a region of the image with known boundaries contains an unknown but constant intensity of radioactivity. Regularized ML estimates are computed using an expectation-maximization algorithm. A regularization method with spatially varying sieve and resolution kernels is used to prevent artifacts while preserving sharp boundaries where appropriate. The method is evaluated using a simulation and found to produce more accurate estimates than filtered backprojection or the usual ML algorithm. The variance of the constrained estimator is also studied. >
TCT-110 Clinical impact of the residual Syntax score in ACS patients

Some studies have shown prognostic value of the residual Syntax score (rSS) in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. However, it remains unclear that how much impact the rSS has on clinical outcomes in ACS patients. This study was an observational study examining consecutive ACS
A Theory of Epistemic Supererogation

Though there is a wide and varied literature on ethical supererogation, there has been almost nothing written about its epistemic counterpart, despite an intuitive analogy between the two fields. This paper seeks to change this state of affairs. I will begin by showing that there are examples which intuitively feature epistemically supererogatory doxastic states. Next, I will present a positive theory of epistemic supererogation that can vindicate our intuitions in these examples, in an explanation that parallels a popular theory of ethical supererogation. Roughly, I will argue that a specific type of epistemic virtue—the ability to creatively think up plausible hypotheses given a body of evidence—is not required of epistemic agents. Thus, certain exercises of this virtue can result in supererogatory doxastic states. In presenting this theory, I will also show how thinking about epistemic supererogation can provide us a new way forward in the debate about the uniqueness thesis for epistemic rationality.
Effect of initial cure time on toughness of geopolymer matrix composites

Abstract The toughness of geopolymer matrix composites (GMC) has been identified as a limiting factor to their use in structural applications. Advanced ceramic matrix composites (CMC), which also are limited by brittle behavior, have shown gains in toughness through careful tailoring of the interface between fiber and matrix. This can create various crack dissipating mechanisms and prevent premature composite failure. Such interface modification has already been applied to a fiber reinforced geopolymer and while the resulting composite showed a reduction in brittle behavior, the modified interface produced an unacceptable loss in modulus without any other well-defined quantitative gains. Information gathered from other studies suggests the large decrease in modulus observed in the GMCs with the weakened interface may have been the result of poor matrix properties stemming from an inadequate cure. Therefore, this current study explores the effects of initial cure time on composite performance by measuring the mechanical properties GMCs with a modified interface. GMCs containing unidirectional Nextel 610 fiber were cured under two different sets of process conditions to better understand the influence of matrix properties. Additionally, specimens consisted of cleaned and carbon coated fiber surfaces, in an attempt to evaluate extremes of interfacial strength. Mechanical properties were then evaluated for comparison to determine if improved geopolymer matrix properties would allow a weakened interface to yield performance gains more in keeping with expectations based on CMC's. The results of the study indicate that specimens with carbon coating benefited from the longer initial cure time. The average increase in flexural modulus and strength over samples with one hour initial cure time was ~65% and ~170% respectively. Stress-strain behavior of the carbon-coated specimens with an extended cure time also indicated a greater degree of damage tolerance as compared to those without interphase.
The Effects of Multi-Level Group Identification on Intergroup Cooperation and Performance

We conduct an experiment to examine the effects of multi-level group identification on intergroup helping behavior. We predict and find that stronger identification with a sub-group (one’s immediate work-group) and a superordinate group (the organization in which that group is nested) – separately and interactively – increase helping behavior. We provide evidence that the relationships between stronger identification and helping behavior operate in part through increased salience of superordinate group boundaries, perceived potential benefits to one’s own group of intergroup helping, and positive affect. Collectively, our findings illustrate the importance of understanding how individuals perceive and identify with the different groups naturally present in organizations, as well as highlighting how identification can be used as an informal control to motivate important organizational behaviors like intergroup helping. Such an understanding can help firms determine the best organizational hierarchy, develop communication and control strategies to build identification at appropriate levels, and establish evaluation and compensation systems that measure and reward outcomes in a manner that accounts for these group effects.
The Strengths of Pharmacy: 1953 Remington Medal Address

Abstract In this first of three chapters into which we have divided the 1953 Remington Medal Address, Dr. Muldoon traces American Pharmacy's Public and Professional Relationships from its colonial origins to the present day. In subsequent installments of this magnificent portrayal of Pharmacy's Strengths he covers Pharmaceutical Industry, Education, Specialization, Organization and Administration.
Effects of Salinity and Confining Pressure on Hydration-Induced Fracture Propagation and Permeability of Mancos Shale

Low-salinity water imbibition was considered an enhanced recovery method in shale oil/gas reservoirs due to the resulting hydration-induced fractures, as observed at ambient conditions. To study the effect of confining pressure and salinity on hydration-induced fractures, time-elapsed computerized tomography (CT) was used to obtain cross-sectional images of shale cores. Based on the CT data of these cross-sectional images, cut faces parallel to the core axial in the middle of the core and 3D fracture images were also reconstructed. To study the effects of confining pressure and salinity on shale pore fluid flowing, shale permeability was measured with Nitrogen (N2), distilled water, 4% KCl solution, and 8% KCl solution. With confining pressures increased to 2 MPa or more, either in distilled water or in KCl solutions of different salinities, fractures were observed to close instead to propagate at the end of the tests. The intrinsic permeabilities of #1 and #2 Mancos shale cores were 60.0 and 7000 nD, respectively. When tested with distilled water, the permeability of #1 shale sample with 20.0 MPa confining pressure loaded, and #2 shale sample with 2.5 MPa confining pressure loaded, decreased to 0.45 and 15 nD, respectively. Using KCl can partly mitigate shale permeability degradation. Compared to 4% KCl, 8% KCl can decrease more permeability damage. From this point of view, high salinity KCl solution should be required for the water-based fracturing fluid.
pH Tunable and Divalent Metal Ion Tolerant Polymer Lipid Nanodiscs

The development and applications of detergent-free membrane mimetics have been the focus for the high-resolution structural and functional studies on membrane proteins. The introduction of lipid nanodiscs has attracted new attention toward the structural biology of membrane proteins and also enabled biomedical applications. Lipid nanodiscs provide a native lipid bilayer environment similar to the cell membrane surrounded by a belt made up of proteins or peptides. Recent studies have shown that the hydrolyzed form of styrene maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) has the ability to form lipid nanodiscs and has several advantages over protein or peptide based nanodiscs. SMA polymer lipid nanodiscs have become very important for structural biology and nanobiotechnological applications. However, applications of the presently available polymer nanodiscs are limited by their instability toward divalent metal ions and acidic conditions. To overcome the limitations of SMA nanodiscs and to broaden the potential applicat...
Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Injury After Direct Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Direct anterior total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an increasingly utilized and patient-requested approach for arthroplasty carrying a unique set of complications. Injury to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) can have a wide range of clinical symptoms ranging from hypesthesia to painful paresthesia. Long-term effects of this injury have not been well studied. We describe duration and severity of these symptoms and correlate their relationship with hip functional scores. Methods Between January 2009 and January 2016, 1665 patients with 1871 hips who underwent direct anterior THA by a single surgeon were surveyed for reported outcomes including Douleur Neuropathique 4-Interview (DN4-I), Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (HOOS, JR), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Short Form Global Health Assessment. The DN4-I was considered positive if 3 (or more) of 7 neuropathic pain symptoms were affirmed at present in the distribution of the LFCN of the affected leg. Results Six hundred eighty patients accounting for 778 hips completed the survey. Overall, 16% of responders had positive DN4-I scores for continued neuropathic symptoms with a mean time since surgery of 3.9 years at assessment. Twenty-four percent of those responding within 2 years of surgery had positive scores compared with 15% from 2 to 4 years, 14% from 4 to 6 years, and 11% positive from 6 to 8 years after surgery. Of those with positive DN4-I scores, the most commonly affirmed neuropathic symptom was “numbness”, reported in 37% of patients. The overall average interval HOOS, JR score was 89.8. There were no differences in HOOS, JR or Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System scores for patients further out from surgery. Conclusion The most commonly experienced neuropathic symptom in the distribution of the LFCN following direct anterior THA is “numbness” that occurred in 37% of patients with a positive DN4-I score. Neuropathic symptoms improved in patients further out from surgery with pain reported in 11% of patients from 6 to 8 years postoperatively. Neuropathic symptoms significantly improve with time and appear to be independent of hip function scores.
Somatostatins of the Channel Catfish

Pancreatic tissue of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) contains two somatostatins. The amino acid sequence of a 14-residue containing peptide (SS-14) is identical in sequence and has the same mass ion by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry as mammalian SS-14. A 22-residue somatostatin (SS-22) has also been isolated and its amino acid sequence determined. The amino acid sequence differs from that reported by Oyama et al. (J Biol Chem 255:2251, 1980) in two of the 22-residues (positions 5 and 19). Somatostatin-22 is a glycoprotein, with carbohydrate attached at Thr-5. Several 22-residue peptides have been purified and all of them have identical amino acid compositions and different carbohydrate structure and/or composition. SS-22 has 7 amino acid residues which are identical to those observed in SS-14. The nucleotide sequence of the two cDNAs coding for SS-14 and SS-22 have been determined. The mRNAs encode precursors to SS-14 and SS-22 of 114 and 105 residues, respectively. The two precursors also have different amino acid sequence at the site of prohormone proteolytic processing. Analysis of genomic DNA reveals that SS-14 and SS-22 sequences are present on different restriction fragments and thus are encoded by separate genes.
NGS Analysis of Heterogeneous Retinitis Pigmentosa

One of the most significant milestones in biomedical research was the completion of the human genome sequencing project. The subsequent invention of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology has revolutionized molecular biology, genetics, and genomics. Already, medicine is being tailored to take into account an individual’s genome. In particular, diseases with diverse genetic causes, such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), are poised for the clinical use of NGS.
Revascularization with Obturator or Hemi-neoaortoiliac System for Partial Aortic Graft Infections.

Background Infections of isolated limbs of prosthetic grafts are challenging. Management can be morbid, involving partial or complete removal of all prosthetic material followed by aortic reconstruction. More limited resections of only infected material and reconstruction of the affected iliac limb has been reported as a viable surgical option. We review 2 academic institution's experiences treating limited aortic graft infections by obturator canal bypass (OCB) or hemi-neoaortoiliac system (H-NAIS). Methods A retrospective review of OCB at one institution between 1995 and 2013 and H-NAIS at the other institution between 2003 and 2014 was conducted. Demographics, comorbidities, and postoperative and medium-term events were recorded. Outcomes were patency, limb salvage, graft preservation without reinfection, and survival. Results OCB was performed in 18 limbs and H-NAIS in 34 limbs. The OCB group had a higher prevalence of cancer (40% vs. 10%; P = 0.04). The most common treatment indication was infection of an aortobifemoral bypass limb in both groups. No differences were seen in overall graft infection, with one patient suffering a late graft reinfection (6% of OCB versus 0% in H-NAIS; P = 0.35). There were no perioperative deaths in either group. Regarding major adverse limb events, there were no amputations performed in the perioperative period in either group. The most frequent organism cultured in both OCB and H-NAIS was Staphylococcus aureus. Surgery duration was similar between the groups (OCB 379 ± 115 minutes vs. H-NAIS 370 ± 137 minutes; P = 0.8) as was the length of stay (OCB 10.5 ± 5.3 days vs. H-NAIS 12.4 ± 10.6 days; P = 0.4). At 36 months, there was no difference in primary patency (OCB 45% vs. H-NAIS 63%; P = 0.7), primary-assisted patency (OCB 51% vs. H-NAIS 61%; P = 0.5), or secondary patency (OCB 68% vs. H-NAIS 63%; P = 0.6) between the groups. Endovascular and open reinterventions occurred more frequently in OCB than in H-NAIS (61.1% vs. 23.5%; P = 0.007). There were no differences in overall survival (OCB 83% vs. H-NAIS 81%; P = 0.6), and no significant difference in amputation rate was seen during the follow-up period (OCB 17% vs. H-NAIS 6%; P = 0.35). Conclusions OCB and H-NAIS are effective strategies for treatment of limited aortic graft infections with reasonable patency, survival, and limb salvage at medium-term follow-up. Prudent patient selection and institutional experience with aortic graft infection treatment leads to good outcomes with lifelong follow-up recommended. Further study of the optimal treatment strategy for this complex group of patients is needed.
Series of Analytic Functions and Singularities

In calculus, we use Taylor series to represent functions on intervals centered at fixed points with a radius of convergence that could be positive, infinite, or zero, depending on the remainder associated with the function. For example, \(\cos x\), \(e^x\), \(\frac{1}{1+x^2}\), and the function defined by \(e^{-1/x^2}\) for \(x\ne 0\) and 0 if \(x=0\) are all infinitely differentiable for all real x. The radius of convergence of the Taylor series representation around zero is \(\infty \) for the first two, 1 for the third one, and 0 for the last one. However in complex analysis, Taylor series are much nicer, in the sense that the remainder will play no role in determining their convergence. If a function is analytic on a disk of radius R centered at \(z_0\), then it has a Taylor series representation centered at \(z_0\) with radius at least R. For example the function \( \frac{1}{1+z^2}\) is analytic on the disk \(|z|<1\) but, as it is not differentiable at \(z=\pm i\), we do not expect the series to have a radius of convergence larger than 1.
Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injection Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: Is It Effective?

Abstract Background Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for the majority of patients with severe knee osteoarthritis provides relief of symptoms and improved function. However, there remains a subset of dissatisfied patients despite an unremarkable workup. A corticosteroid injection (CSI) is a commonly used nonsurgical treatment for painful knee osteoarthritis but its efficacy in a replaced knee remains unknown. Methods A retrospective chart review identified primary TKA patients who subsequently received a CSI into a replaced knee from 2015 to 2016 by a single surgeon. Patients receiving a CSI underwent clinical examination, laboratory analysis to rule out infection, and radiographic evaluation before CSI. Patient variables were recorded and a patient satisfaction survey assessed the efficacy of the injection. The survey response rate was 70.1%. Results Of the 129 responders, 82.9% remembered the injection. The average time from index arthroplasty to injection was median 5.3 months (interquartile range, 2.1-23.4) and 30.8% of patients received more than 1 injection (range, 1-5). Overall, 76.6% reported decreased pain, 57.9% reported increased motion, and 65.4% reported long-term decreased swelling. Improvement lasted greater than 1 month for 56.1% of patients, and overall 84.1% reported improvement (slight to great) in the knee following CSI. No patient developed a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) within 1 year of injection. Conclusion This study suggests that certain patients following TKA may benefit from a CSI. However, this should only be performed once clinical, radiographic, and laboratory examination has ruled out conditions unlikely to improve long term from a CSI.
An Evaluation of the Sales Tax Audit Program of the New York State Department of Taxation and Finance

New York instituted a sales and use tax in 1965. This tax is the second largest source of revenue for the state, ranking only behind the income tax. This article examines the New York Tax Department’s sales tax audit selection program. The first section discusses the Department’s current approach, focusing on the Central Cell System (CCS). This section discusses the poor performance of the CCS compared to other audit selection methods. The next section analyzes both the audit program’s overall results, and those of the CCS. This section determines that the CCS is implemented improperly by the state, but its design faults erode its audit selection suitability even if used properly. This section also discusses more sophisticated mathematical approaches available to the Department. The article concludes by proposing improvements to the CCS.
Coordination Control Method and Realization of Micro Grid Synchronized Connection

In recent years, with the large number of renewable energy connected, the problems about intermittence and volatility of renewable energy grid-connected have gradually emerged. Micro grid has flexible and controllable characteristics, that’s the foundation for solving the grid-connected problem of distributed generation, also that’s the inevitable choice to solve the problem that the high proportion of renewable energy connected to the grid. Compared with substations, the requirement for synchronized connection of micro grids has changed greatly. This paper introduces coordination control method of synchronized connection for micro grids and application. It fully considers the characteristics of multi-operation modes and load power fluctuation of micro grids, based on GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) transmission mechanism, it realizes real-time adjustment of voltage and mode switching through controlling energy storage devices. it meets the application requirements of micro grid grid-connected, it also realizes smooth connection of micro grid. The control device based on this method has been successfully applied in the demonstration a national 863 project of Luxi Island Micro grid.
Spatio-temporal modeling of PM2.5 concentrations with missing data problem: a case study in Beijing, China

One of the major challenges in conducting epidemiological studies of air pollution and health is the difficulty of estimating the degree of exposure accurately. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) conc...
A Compact 2 by 2 Printed Yagi-Uda Antenna Array with Enhanced Isolation and Gain

This paper presents the design and experimental evaluation of a compact 2 by 2 printed Yagi antenna array at 5.8 GHz. The planar array has a rectangular grid with d x =0.5λ and d y =0.2λ. To alleviate performance degradation due to the reduced element spacing of 0.2λ, parasitic dipoles are placed in the closely– spaced stacked Yagi array. The designed parasitic elements improve the isolation between the stacked Yagis by over 15 dB and increase the gain of 2x2 array from 7.76 dB to 9.343 dB. Measurements of the fabricated prototype confirm the simulated predictions. The proposed technique is a low-cost solution for improving the achievable gain of a planar printed Yagi array in constrained form factor designs.
The Suppression Paradox: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Suppression Frequency, Suppression Ability, and Depression

Abstract The habitual use of expressive suppression (suppression frequency) is consistently associated with a number of negative outcomes, but paradoxically, the ability to suppress when there is a situational need (suppression ability) is usually linked to positive outcomes. The two sides of the paradox, suppression frequency and suppression ability, have been found to be unrelated. Given that these findings have emerged in largely western samples, the present studies examined whether the coupling of suppression frequency and ability depends on cultural contexts, and whether this can explain the previously established cultural difference in the costs of suppression frequency. In an initial study, we examined the relations among suppression frequency, suppression ability, and depression in a Chinese sample (Study 1; N = 310), and then, using two new samples, we compared these relations between Chinese and the US samples (Study 2; N = 392). Results showed that suppression frequency was related to depression in two distinct ways. In both cultures, suppression frequency had a direct, positive association with depression. In Chinese culture only, however, suppression frequency also had an indirect association, such that higher suppression frequency was related to higher suppression ability and in turn related to fewer depressive symptoms. Our findings show that suppression frequency is related to suppression ability only among Chinese participants, and can serve as a potential explanation for why suppression frequency is less related to depression in Chinese culture.
Effect of obesity on radiation exposure, quality of life scores, and outcomes of fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair of pararenal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms

Abstract Background The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of obesity on procedural metrics, radiation exposure, quality of life (QOL), and clinical outcomes of fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair (FB-EVAR) of pararenal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Methods We reviewed the clinical data from 334 patients (236 men; mean age, 75 ± 8 years) enrolled in a prospective nonrandomized study to evaluate FB-EVAR from 2013 to 2019. The patients were classified using the body mass index (BMI) as obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) or nonobese (BMI Results The aneurysm extent was a pararenal aortic aneurysm in 117 patients (35%) and a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm in 217 patients (65%). Both groups had similar demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and aneurysm extent, except for a greater incidence of hyperlipidemia and diabetes among the obese patients (P Conclusions FB-EVAR was performed with high technical success and low mortality and morbidity, with no significant differences between the obese and nonobese patients. The procedural metrics and outcomes were similar, with the exception of greater radiation exposure among obese patients, especially for the procedures performed using system 1 with fusion alone compared with system 2 (fusion and digital zoom). Obese patients had higher QOL mental scores at 2 and 12 months, with a similar reintervention rate, target vessel outcomes, and survival compared with nonobese patients.
Looking into the future of interferometry using free-space beam propagation

We describe a new concept for future interferometric observations. Our laboratory experiment simulates an interferometer with two telescopes observing through different volumes of atmospheric turbulence. We simulate both vertical and horizontal propagation through the atmosphere; the latter mimics free-space beam propagation without the need for vacuum pipes or fiber optics. Practically, we simulate the effects of atmospheric turbulence using numerically calculated Kolmogorov phase screens injected onto a spatial light modulator. We correct this distorted wavefront using an adaptive optics system to determine the range of turbulence conditions over which we can detect fringes from the two telescopes. Our experiment lays the groundwork for investigating the potential of having movable telescopes in which light propagates from the telescopes to the beam combiner through free space.
Traumatic central retinal vein occlusion following a hawk attack to the posterior cranium.

Abstract Purpose We describe a patient who developed a central retinal vein oculsion following a diving hawk attack to her posterior cranium. Observations A 50-year-old female presented with decreased visual acuity and color perception in the left eye following a diving hawk attack to her right-posterior parietal cranium. Medical history was significant for well-controlled type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Fundoscopy of the left eye revealed pre, intra and subretinal hemorrhages in all 4 quadrants consistent with the “blood and thunder” appearance. Additional findings included optic disk edema, venous dilation and tortuosity. Optical Coherence Tomography of the left eye demonstrated pronounced macular edema with intra and subretinal fluid accumulation. Pattern electroretinography of the left eye was flattened. Conclusions and Importance There are few documented cases of central retinal vein occlusion following blunt trauma to the cranium in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of central retinal vein occlusion associated with posterior cranial trauma. Also unique to the case is the mechanism of injury whereby the patient was attacked by a hawk at a high-diving velocity.
NASA Dryden Status: Aerospace Control and Guidance Sub-Committee Meeting 109

NASA Dryden has been engaging in some exciting work that will enable lighter weight and more fuel efficient vehicles through advanced control and dynamics technologies. The main areas of emphasis are Enabling Light-weight Flexible Structures, real time control surface optimization for fuel efficiency and autonomous formation flight. This presentation provides a description of the current and upcoming work in these areas. Additionally, status is for the Dreamchaser pilot training activity and KQ-X autonomous aerial refueling.
Women's Solidarity as a Resistance Strategy Against Liberal Identity Politics in Turkey

"Women started marching towards each other. We started walking to each other . . . . Once upon a time we were there, on the roads that you'll take, in the places you will pass today. On the road you will take are our voices, our stories and our traces. You wouldn't have heard us before because we were silenced, we were scared. Now we are walking with you so that we can overcome our fears. Let's hold each others' hands and shout and let our screams merge into each other. Let's raise each others' voices. So that no one will suppress our voices against violence any more." This was the letter by Hay Gin Armenian Women's Platform to the organizers of Women are Marching Towards Each Other campaign that took place in 6-11th July 2002. The idea of the campaign was that messengers from various cities would go through the cities, towns and villages on their roads, collecting letters from women about their problems and demands; arrive at Konya, the geographical center of the country, to hold a conference where they would read their reports and letters and discuss the problems and possible solutions. I will tell about this campaign in details in the following lines. Departing from the question How will we live together with our differences? that we, as activist women, have been dealing with in various women's organizations in Turkey within the last decade, in this paper I will try to discuss how the dialogue between women of different identities that come together to create networks of solidarity for struggling against violence and talking about peace could be considered as a powerful challenge to the newly emerging discourse of liberal identity/cultural politics and the destructive effects of the neoliberal policies in Turkey.
The Link between Action and Language: Recent Findings and Future Perspectives

This paper aims to present a critical review of studies focused on embodied cognition and, more specifically, on the relationship between language and action. A critical analysis of studies using methods such as TMS and fMRI will be presented, and results reported by the different studies will be discussed, both theoretically and methodologically.뀀ഀȠThen, in response to some inconsistency detected by the analysis of literature, Virtual Reality will be presented as a possible answer or enrichment for the study of this topic. Possible future research tracks and application are discussed. Traditional theories of cognition are based on the idea that knowledge is represented in the brain in the form of concepts and stored in memory systems as semantic information. Concepts, from this perspective, are conceived as amodal, abstract and arbitrary (Fodor 1975), then independent from the brain's modal system of perception (e.g., vision, audition), and action (e.g., movement, proprio- ception). Chomsky's theory of language (Chomsky 1965) is completely aligned with this view: The theory of Universal Grammar considers language as a corpus of abstract symbols combined together according to formal syntactic rules; two properties, among others, are distinctive of human language, the generativity and compositionality. In more recent years, nevertheless, a radically different conception of knowledge has been taken into account, that brings together data from different methodological approaches such as neurobiology, brain imaging, and neuropsy- chology: the theory of Embodied Cognition (Wilson 2002; Gibbs 2006). According to the embodied cognition hypothesis, concepts are not amodal and knowledge relies on body states and experiences. Therefore, there is a tight link between con- cepts, action, and perception, to the extent that conceptual knowledge is mapped within the sensory-motor system. The notion that cognition is grounded in action and perception is encapsulated in the term 'embodiment'.
A Review of “The American College Town”

At last! With this literally unprecedented volume, Blake Gumprecht has filled what might have been the most grievous of gaps in the literature on our American settlement landscape. Moreover, he has...
Cancer, Differentiation and Embryonic Antigens: Some Central Problems

Publisher Summary The chapter examines the theory that cancer is a disease of the mechanism of differentiation and that the compositional and behavioral changes observed in the majority of human tumors are due to the changes in the programming of normal genes. The basic problem is approached in four ways: first, by inquiring into the compositional changes that accompany malignant transformation; second, by investigating the available information on the differentiation program itself; third, if only normal substances (embryo or phase specific) and functions appear in most human malignancy, then by enquiring the way these are dealt with when they appear normally; and fourth, by posing whether the present knowledge of the complexity of the mammalian genome and of mechanisms for the control of gene expression is compatible with the basic thesis. The chapter explains the transformation-associated cellular alterations and the organization of differentiation from a descriptive viewpoint, with the question of whether the remnants of differentiation so described persist in tumor cells. A review of the major characteristics of cancer cells suggests that all essential characteristics for neoplasia are found in embryonic cells and that the selective reexpression of some of the genes involved in early development occurs in cancer.
In vivo expression and variation of Escherichia coli type 1 and P pili in the urine of adults with acute urinary tract infections.

Abstract In vivo expression of pili by Escherichia coli in the urine of 41 adults with lower urinary tract infections was analyzed by immunostaining with polyclonal antiserum to type 1 and P pili. Type 1 pili were detected in 31 of 41 urine specimens, while P pili were detected in 6 of 18 specimens. The piliation status of bacterial populations in urine was heterogeneous, varying from predominantly piliated to a mixture of piliated and nonpiliated cells. Bacteria frequently adhered to exfoliated uroepithelial cells and leukocytes in urine. Expression of pili in vivo did not always correlate with the hemagglutination phenotype after growth in vitro. Strains isolated from different sites in the urogenital tract of two individuals showed phenotypic variation in the state of piliation. The results demonstrate that E. coli type 1 and P pili are expressed and are subject to variation in vivo during acute urinary tract infections in adults.
Evaluating the High-Probability Instructional Sequence to Increase the Acceptance of Foods with an Adolescent with Autism

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a variation of the high-probability (high-p) sequence involving bites of food as high-p tasks on the acceptance of low-probability (low-p) foods in an adolescent with autism spectrum disorder. After demonstrating the effectiveness of the high-p sequence using a reversal design, the participant’s mother implemented the intervention. Intervention effects were partially maintained during 7-month maintenance probes. Implications for research and practice are provided.
Kinase and phosphatase activities intimately associated with a reconstituted calcium-dependent potassium channel

Type-2 calcium-dependent potassium (KCa) channels from mammalian brain, reconstituted into planar phospholipid bilayers, are modulated by ATP or ATP analogs via an endogenous protein kinase activity intimately associated with the channel (Chung et al., 1991). We show here that the endogenous protein kinase activity is protein kinase C (PKC)-like because (1) modulation by ATP can be mimicked by exogenous PKC, and (2) the effects of ATP can be blocked by PKC(19–36), a specific peptide inhibitor of PKC. Furthermore, adding the PKC inhibitor peptide after the addition of ATP reverses the modulation produced by ATP, suggesting that there is a phosphoprotein phosphatase activity closely associated with type-2 KCa channels. Consistent with this idea is the finding that microcystin, a non-specific phosphatase inhibitor, enhances the modulation of KCa channel activity by ATP. Inhibitor-1, a specific protein inhibitor of phosphoprotein phosphatase-1, also enhances the effect of ATP, suggesting that the endogenous phosphatase activity is phosphatase-1-like. The results imply that type-2 KCa channels exist as part of a regulatory complex that includes a PKC-like protein kinase and a phosphatase-1-like phosphoprotein phosphatase, both of which participate in the modulation of channel function.
Delamination threshold loads for low velocity impact on composite laminates

Abstract An investigation of the low velocity impact load level at which a composite laminate will delaminate is presented. The delamination threshold load is described as the load level, obtained from the load–time history or load–displacement plot, at which a sudden load drop occurs due to specimen stiffness loss as a result of laminate level damage. Approximately 500 low velocity impact load–time histories from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Low Velocity Impact Database are used to investigate the delamination threshold load. The database contains laminate impact test data for graphite/epoxy (AS4/3501-6), graphite/PEEK (AS4/APC-2), and graphite/BMI (IM7/5260) material systems. The delamination threshold load observations are compared to C-scan damage measurements of impacted specimens to determine if the sudden load drop corresponds to delamination development.
Dikaryosis: Genetic Determination in Schizophyllum

A dominant gene, dik+, has been identified as responsible for the establishment of the dikaryon in the basidiomycetous fungus Schizophyllum commune. Interaction between compatible homokaryons, both of which carry the recessive allele dik, leads to the formation of a diploid mycelium that closely resembles the homokaryon in morphology.
WE-E-BRCD-01: SBRT Treatment Planning: Practical Considerations.

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy(SBRT) is being increasingly used in the radiationoncology community to treattumors in extra‐cranial sites such as spine, lung,liver, pancreas and prostate. There are well established RTOG protocols (e.g. RTOG 0631 for spine, RTOG 0813 and 0915 for lung and RTOG 0438 for liver) that specify detailed requirements for treatment planning of SBRT plans. SBRT plans have to meet strict criteria on maximum PTV dose, prescription isodose, prescription isodose surface coverage, high dose spillage and intermediate dose spillage in addition of the constraints of dose limiting organs at risk. This lecture aims to educate members on treatment planning issues for SBRT cases with concentration on strategies to create highly inhomogeneous dose distributions inside the PTV and steep dose gradients in the surrounding normal tissues. Learning Objectives: 1. What characteristics SBRT plans have and how they are different from conventional fractionated radiotherapy plans. 2. For IMRT/VMAT SBRT plans (such as spine SBRT plans that concave distributions around the cord are required), we will discuss strategies that can be employed to overcome many commercial treatment planning system's IMRT algorithms' intrinsic penalty for inhomogeneous plans. Additional issues related to VMAT will be also discussed. 3. For non‐IMRT SBRT plans (such as many lung or liver cases where target motion is a concern), we will discuss techniques to control dose inhomogeneities and dose fall off. 4. We will also discuss policy and procedures on SBRT patient setup and verification issues to ensure safe delivery of SBRTtreatments.