cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contribution to the Theory of Stochastically Periodic Harmonics in Power Systems

A basic approach for quantitative evaluation of "Stochastically Periodic" harmonics effects on electrical equipment is presented. The main contribution of this paper is in defining and explaining a mathematical method which enables the estimation of the additional losses and the loss of life caused by stochastically periodic current/voltage harmonics. A practical case of N identical converters, randomly operated, is analyzed. The suggested method is applied to determine admissible levels of randomly periodic voltage harmonics for power capacitors.
A GRISM-based probe for spectrally encoded confocal microscopy

Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) is a novel approach for obtaining high resolution, depth-sectioned images of microstructure within turbid samples. By encoding one spatial dimension in wavelength, imaging probes can be greatly simplified compared to standard scanning confocal microscopes, potentially enabling endoscopic implementation. The use of a diffraction grating for spectral encoding, however, skews the optical axis through the probe, thus complicating the design of narrow diameter instruments. In this Letter, we describe a novel use of a single-optical-axis element based on high index-of-refraction prisms and a transmission holographic grating for the design of narrow diameter SECM devices. Confocal images obtained with a 10.0 mm probe demonstrate a transverse resolution of 1.1 µm and a field of view of 650 µm.
CHROMATE REMOVAL BY DITHIONITE-REDUCED CLAYS: EVIDENCE FROM DIRECT X-RAY ADSORPTION NEAR EDGE SPECTROSCOPY (XANES) OF CHROMATE REDUCTION AT CLAY SURFACES

Chromium(VI) in the environment is of particular concern because it is toxic to both plants and animals, even at low concentrations. As a redox-sensitive element, the fate and toxicity of chromium is controlled by soil reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions. In-situ remediation of chromium combines reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and immobilization of chromium on mineral surfaces. In this study, Fe-rich smectite, montmorillonite, illite, vermiculite, and kaolinite were examined to determine reactivity in sorption-reduction of Cr(VI). The clays were compared to forms that were reduced by sodium dithionite. Clays containing Fe(II) efficiently removed soluble Cr(VI) from solution. Chromium K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) suggested that clays containing Fe(II) reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III), immobilizing Cr at the clay/water interface. Adsorption of Cr(VI) by the Fe(II)-containing clay was a prerequisite for the coupled sorption-reduction reaction. Sodium dithionite added directly to aqueous suspensions of non-reduced clays reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III), but did not immobilize Cr on clay surfaces. The capacity of clays to reduce Cr(VI) is correlated with the ferrous iron content of the clays. For dithionite-reduced smectite, the exchangeable cation influenced the sorption reaction, and thus it also influenced the coupled sorption-reduction reaction of Cr(VI). The pH of the aqueous system affected both the amount of Cr(VI) reduced to Cr(III) and the partition of Cr(III) between aqueous and adsorbed species. A plot of pH vs. amount (adsorption envelope) adsorbed for the coupled sorption-reduction reaction of Cr by reduced smectite exhibited a similar pattern to that of typical anion-sorption.
Shared projects with a multi-sub-disciplinary flavor - providing integration and context in a new ECE spiral curriculum

A new spiral curriculum in Electrical Engineering was launched in the ECE Department of the University of Detroit Mercy in Fall 2005. The prime motivation was to address several critical issues - the lack of student motivation, the need to introduce the teaching of innovation across the curriculum, and adoption of effective teaching pedagogies that ensured learning. A key aspect of the curricular changes was the formulation and use of shared projects that highlighted the interdependencies between the various sub-disciplines of Electrical Engineering, thus enhancing the contextual setting of the curriculum. This paper provides technical details for these shared projects and reflects on our experience in their use.
Imaging acute thermal burns by photoacoustic microscopy.

The clinical significance of a burn depends on the percent- age of total body involved and the depth of the burn. Hence a non- invasive method that is able to evaluate burn depth would be of great help in clinical evaluation. To this end, photoacoustic microscopy is used to determine the depth of acute thermal burns by imaging the total hemoglobin concentration in the blood that accumulates along the boundaries of injuries as a result of thermal damage to the vascu- lature. We induce acute thermal burns in vivo on pig skin with cau- tery. Photoacoustic images of the burns are acquired after skin exci- sion. In a burn treated at 175°C for 20 s, the maximum imaged burn depth is 1.73±0.07 mm. In burns treated at 150°C for 5, 10, 20, and 30 s, respectively, the trend of increasing maximum burn depth with longer thermal exposure is demonstrated. © 2006 Society of Photo-Optical In-
WatchdogLite: Hardware-Accelerated Compiler-Based Pointer Checking

Lack of memory safety in C is the root cause of a multitude of serious bugs and security vulnerabilities. Numerous software-only and hardware-based schemes have been proposed to enforce memory safety. Among these approaches, pointer-based checking, which maintains per-pointer metadata in a disjoint metadata space, has been recognized as providing comprehensive memory safety. Software approaches for pointer-based checking have high performance overheads. In contrast, hardware approaches introduce a myriad of hardware structures and widgets to mitigate those performance overheads.This paper proposes WatchdogLite, an ISA extension that provides hardware acceleration for a compiler implementation of pointer-based checking. This division of labor between the compiler and the hardware allows for hardware acceleration while using only preexisting architectural registers. By leveraging the compiler to identify pointers, perform check elimination, and insert the new instructions, this approach attains performance similar to prior hardware-intensive approaches without adding any hardware structures for tracking metadata.
Liquid metal vertical interconnects for RF flip-chip assembly

This paper describes a new process for using room temperature liquid metals as the interconnect material for flip chip bonding. The proposed liquid metal interconnects are not susceptible to damage caused by thermo-mechanical stress and are therefore an attractive alternative to solid phase solder bumps. A new interconnect structure is presented involving a patterned underfill dielectric material to contain the liquid metal on the bottom carrier, and electroplated pins on the top chip to mate with the socket and make contact with the liquid metal. RF and DC measurements were performed on the liquid metal transition showing an insertion loss of ≪0.5dB up to 20 GHz.
Effect of Heat Stress Early in Life on Mortality of Broilers Exposed to High Environmental Temperatures Just Prior to Marketing

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of heat stress during the 1st wk of life on subsequent mortality resulting from exposure to high environmental temperature and feed restriction just prior to marketing of broiler cockerels. Birds were raised under standard husbandry procedures except that at 5 days of age, half the broilers were heat stressed by exposure to an environmental temperature ranging from 35.0 to 37.8 C for 24 h while the remaining birds were held at 29.4 C. At 44 and 45 days of age, half the unstressed controls and half the birds stressed at 5 days of age were exposed to temperatures ranging from 35.0 to 37.8 C for 8 h/day. In a factorial arrangement of treatments, the effect of restricting feed for 8 h/day on Days 43, 44, and 45 was also examined. Exposing birds to high environmental temperatures at 5 days of age resulted in a significant decrease in mortality when birds were exposed to a high environmental temperature later in life. In addition, feed efficiency was improved significantly in early heat-stressed birds whereas body weight and body weight gain were not affected. Feed restriction had no significant effect on mortality, body weight, or feed efficiency. It appears, therefore, that exposing broiler cockerels to mild heat stress for 24 h at 5 days of age can significantly decrease mortality resulting from high environmental temperature later in life.
An embedded real-time autonomic architecture

Autonomic computing is a set of new architectural goals envisioned by IBM and inspired by the human autonomic system. Autonomic architecture is intended to avoid a management crisis that looms based upon the success of Moore's law. If we continue to increase storage, memory, processing and 10 resources at present rates and manage them the way we have, IBM projects a system administration crisis. The proposed autonomic architecture has four goals for systems: self configuring, self-healing, self-optimizing, and self-protecting. In this paper, we examine how autonomic architecture goals apply to real-time embedded systems rather than the enterprise systems that IBM has focused upon.
The Late Cretaceous Shark Ptychodus marginalis in the Western Interior Seaway, USA

Re-evaluation of teeth referred to the Late Cretaceous shark Ptychodus polygyrus from North America are hereby determined to be synonymous with another species having similar tooth morphology, Ptychodus marginalis Agassiz. Ptychodus marginalis differs from P. polygyrus by having an elevated and rounded tooth crown with transverse ridges restricted centrally on the apex of the crown with a clearly defined marginal area. The type specimen of P. marginalis was described from Middle Cenomanian to Middle Turonian deposits in the English Chalk, and teeth possessing identical tooth morphologies are found within contemporary units in North America, whereas teeth having the typical P. polygyrus morphology are restricted to Late Santonian-Early Campanian deposits.
Influence of increased plasma osmolality on sympathetic outflow during apnea

Animal models have shown that peripheral chemoreceptors alter their firing patterns in response to changes in plasma osmolality, which, in turn, may modulate sympathetic outflow. The purpose of thi...
81. Chirurgische Behandlung enteraler Fisteln beim Morbus Crohn

Wir berichten uber 140 Patienten mit enteralen Crohn-Fisteln. In 86% heilte die Fistel ab. Nach Darmresektion im Gesunden traten in 10% Fistelrezidive auf gegenuber 26% nach Resektion in histologisch befallenen Darmabschnitten. Nach ileo-colischen Fisteln war die Haufigkeit von Fistelrezidiven 23%, wenn am Ausgangspunkt der Fistel der Darm reseziert und an der Sekundaroffnung excidiert und primar verschlossen wurde; nach Darmresektion an beiden Seiten der Fistel dagegen nur 9%. Fistelrezidive nach Behandlung von Blasenfisteln traten in 4% auf.
The Garden and The Red Barn: The Pervasive Pastoral and Its Environmental Consequences

Pastoralism is a familiar aesthetic' concept that has been discussed often. In the past, the discussion of pastoralism2 most often has been limited as an intellectual construct utilized mainly in literature and art. Yet pastoral themes constitute a popular, powerful, and pervasive mindset in contemporary American culture. Pastoralism evokes a comfortable notion about the countryside, a landscape that is the majority of land use in this country. Importantly, our attitudes toward and subsequent environmental management of this landscape grow from our perceptions of and pleasures in the countryside. Today it is clear that this popular pastoral aesthetic is at work in our everyday perception of much of the American landscape. Since our environmental record in countryside landscapes is poor but largely goes unnoticed, it is timely to re-examine the pastoral theme in the context of contemporary agricultural landscapes. What is the origin of our countryside pastoral aesthetic? Recently discovered psychological and biological dimensions of pastoralism along with the part it plays in the development of public attitudes toward the countryside require that we re-examine popular pastoralism. This essay employs two distinct but related concepts, the search for a garden and the red barn icon, as means of examining contemporary pastoralism.
Production of an inactive derivative of purified prothrombin by means of purified thrombin.

SummaryWhen purified prothrombin was allowed to react with a small amount of purified thrombin there was loss in prothrombin activity. Comparison of the electrophoretic patterns of the prothrombin before and after alteration with thrombin showed that protein disappeared from the curve representing prothrombin and appeared as a new component with a lower electrophoretic mobility than that of prothrombin.
MATING CALL AND STAGE OF SPECIATION IN THE MICROHYLA OLIVACEA—M. CAROLINENSIS COMPLEX

This report deals with variations in mating call in a species group of narrowmouthed frogs (genus Microhyla) 2 and with the possible evolutionary significance of these variations. Anurans were studied because differences in mating call serve as important isolation mechanisms in these animals. The particular species complex was selected because it has populations which appear to be in intermediate stages of speciation. A western, xeric-adapted population that has been called Microhyla olivacea is distributed from the Gulf of California northeastward to eastern Texas and Oklahoma and northwestern Missouri. An eastern, mesic-adapted population that has been called M. carolinensis is distributed through the southern half of the eastern United States and reaches westward to eastern Texas and Oklahoma. The ranges of the two populations overlap in a strip running from the Gulf of Mexico into northeastern Oklahoma (fig. 1). Hecht and Matalas (1946) reported nmorphological intermediates between the unmottled olivacea and the dorsally and ventrally mottled ccarolinensis from a station in the overlap zone in southern Texas and fron another in eastern Oklahoma. They hypothesized that the two are either approaching complete isolation or that previously existing isolating mechanisms have
Starting Transients and Detonation Onset Behavior in a Rotating Detonation Combustor

The onset phase between combustor initiation and the appearance of a stable, periodic operating state is studied for four combustor conditions. The onset behavior and duration is assessed for varying air flow rate and equivalence ratio for cases with and without a converging nozzle at the combustor exit. The median duration and scatter of the onset phase is a function of flow rate and the combustor exit geometry, with higher air flow rate or the presence of a converging nozzle yielding rapid onset of a stable operating mode. The duration of the onset phase is very stochastic and varies by a factor of two for cases without a converging nozzle. However, the combustor behavior during this transitory period is very repeatable between subsequent tests.
Use and adjustment of automatic leveling system of grader

Grader is applied widely in various pavement engineering and other amending construction.This paper introduces the compositions,functions and control system of automatic leveling system of grader,expounds the adjustment periods and functions in detail.
What does it mean to be ‘Irish’? Perceptions of Irish identity among young Pakistani men

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the discussion surrounding national identity by considering a particular set of empirical data on perceptions of ‘Irishness’. Based on ethnographic research carried out in Pakistani communities in Dublin, this paper considers various interpretations of Irish identity through the lens of young second-generation Pakistani Irish men. The data presented highlight that for these young men, ‘Irishness’ has multiple meanings. The views of the participants raise several types of Irish identity and how these types manifest themselves in the everyday lives of Pakistanis. To frame the discussion, the paper examines three terms: cultural nation, civic nation, and ethnic nation. According to the cultural nation, ‘Irishness’ is a matter of lifestyle to which one adheres; the civic nation defines Irish identity on citizenship; and the ethnic nation defines as ‘Irish’ those individuals believed to have Irish ancestry or blood. A key finding is that respondents are perceived by pe...
Time-varying associations of suicide with deployments, mental health conditions, and stressful life events among current and former US military personnel: a retrospective multivariate analysis

Summary Background US military suicides have increased substantially over the past decade and currently account for almost 20% of all military deaths. We investigated the associations of a comprehensive set of time-varying risk factors with suicides among current and former military service members. Methods We did a retrospective multivariate analysis of all US military personnel between 2001 and 2011 (n=110 035 573 person-quarter-years, representing 3 795 823 service members). Outcome was death by suicide, either during service or post-separation. We used Cox proportional hazard models at the person-quarter level to examine associations of deployment, mental disorders, history of unlawful activity, stressful life events, and other demographic and service factors with death by suicide. Findings The strongest predictors of death by suicide were current and past diagnoses of self-inflicted injuries, major depression, bipolar disorder, substance use disorder, and other mental health conditions (compared with service members with no history of diagnoses, the hazard ratio [HR] ranged from 1·4 [95% CI 1·14–1·72] to 8·34 [6·71–10·37]). Compared with service members who were never deployed, hazard rates of suicide (which represent the probability of death by suicide in a specific quarter given that the individual was alive in the previous quarter) were lower among the currently deployed (HR 0·50, 95% CI 0·40–0·61) but significantly higher in the quarters following first deployment (HR 1·51 [1·17–1·96] if deployed in the previous three quarters; 1·14 [1·06–1·23] if deployed four or more quarters ago). The hazard rate of suicide increased within the first year of separation from the military (HR 2·49, 95% CI 2·12–2·91), and remained high for those who had separated from the military 6 or more years ago (HR 1·63, 1·45–1·82). Interpretation The increased hazard rate of death by suicide for military personnel varies by time since exposure to deployment, mental health diagnoses, and other stressful life events. Continued monitoring is especially needed for these high-risk individuals. Additional information should be gathered to address the persistently raised risk of suicide among service members after separation. Funding Partly funded by the Naval Research Program.
Half-duplex gaussian diamond relay channel with interference known at one relay

A diamond relay channel in the presence of interference which is non-causally available only at one relay is considered. The interference signal may have structure, for example it could come from another source communicating with its own destination. However, the external interferer is not willing to adjust its communication strategy to minimize the interference and is considered to be fixed. Two approaches are possible to mitigate the interference: exploiting the structure or treating it as unstructured. Using these approaches, bounds for the Gaussian half-duplex diamond relay channel based on two transmission time patterns are established. The importance of exploiting the interference structure and transmission time patterns are discussed.
The Importance of Rickettsiales Infections

The Gram-negative bacteria of the order Rickettsiales are obligate intracellular parasites that infect a variety of hosts including humans, animals, and insects. The order Rickettsiales comprises the families Rickettsiaceae, Anaplasmataceae, and Midichloriaceae. The bacteria of the genus Rickettsia, Orientia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, and Neorickettsia cause diseases such as epidemic louse-borne typhus fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, scrub typhus, ehrlichiosis, bovine anaplasmosis, and sennetsu fever. Most species of Rickettsiales are zoonotic pathogens that cause diseases transmitted by ectoparasites such as fleas, lice, mites, and ticks or endoparasites such as trematodes. The maternally inherited intracellular bacteria Wolbachia are Rickettsiales that infect >65 % of the insect species. Recently, Wolbachia has received attention as a potential bio-control agent that may be used in insect control strategies. This chapter describes the importance of Rickettsiales infections including the vectors that transmit the disease.
Assessment of Clinical Outcomes Following Erythropoietic Intervention at a Hemoglobin Concentration above 10 g/dL: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Literature.

Current practice guidelines for the management of chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA) recommend initiating erythropoietic intervention at hemoglobin (Hb) ≤ 10 g/dL (American Society of Hematology [ASH]/American Society of Clinical Oncology [ASCO]), or at Hb ≤ 11 g/dL (National Comprehensive Cancer Network [NCCN]). This comprehensive literature review summarizes published findings of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of initiating erythropoietic treatment at Hb > 10 g/dL on transfusion incidence, Hb concentration, and/or patient-reported outcomes, relative to control. A search of the Medline database and conference proceedings (ASH and ASCO) from 1999 to 15 June 2004 was conducted to identify RCTs that evaluated the ability of erythropoietic agents to prevent the onset or worsening of CIA. Mantel-Haenszel weighted summary estimates of the relative risk were calculated to evaluate outcomes in patients treated with epoetin alfa compared to control patients. Using predefined selection criteria, 4 full-length papers (summarized in the table) and 5 abstracts (Chang ASCO 2003; Savonije ASCO 2004; Straus ASH 2003; Crawford ASCO 2003; Rearden ASCO 2004) were identified and reviewed. Epoetin alfa effectively decreased transfusion incidence and the percentage of patients with Hb decline to P 10 g/dL) and late (Hb ≤ 10 g/dL) erythropoietic intervention were presented at recent ASH and ASCO conferences (Straus ASH 2003; Crawford ASCO 2003; Rearden ASCO 2004). All 3 studies provided evidence of lower incidence of transfusion, higher Hb levels over time, and/or better patient-reported outcomes among patients treated early compared with those treated late. The results of the studies examined demonstrate the clinical benefits of initiating erythropoietic treatment at a Hb concentration > 10 g/dL, with respect to reducing transfusion requirements and improving Hb levels, in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Although the findings are preliminary and have yet to appear in peer-reviewed journals, the comparative RCTs of early vs late intervention point to a trend in which patients who received erythropoietic treatment early experienced better clinical outcomes overall than patients treated late.
A simple optical system for miniature spindle runout monitoring

Abstract We proposed a novel optical technique to monitor miniature spindle runout in a simple manner. Miniature spindles are commonly used in many machining applications, for example: micro-milling and micro-grinding. However, the capacitive sensors (CS) or eddy current sensors typically used for spindle runout measurements cannot be used for miniature spindle systems. This is due to the nonlinearity of the charge between a curved surface and a flat plate (sensing area) and a curved surface (measuring target area) and the effective sensing area being larger than the measuring target area. The proposed sensor utilizes curved-edge diffraction (CED), which uses the effect of the cylindrical surface curvature on the diffraction phenomenon in the transition regions adjacent to shadow, transmission, and reflection boundaries. The laser beam is incident to the spindle shaft edges along the Y and Z axes, four photodetectors then collect the total fields produced by the interference created by the waves due to CED around the spindle shaft edges. Two CS were used as a baseline comparison with the proposed sensor’s performance. A spindle with a shaft diameter of ϕ 5.0 mm (same as CS effective sensing area) was selected to compare the results of the curved-edge sensor (CES) with the results of the CS. The spindle runout was measured and the following results were found: CES-CS calibration nonlinearity (Z 0.35% and Y 0.40%) and resolution (Z 20.1 nm and Y 26.0 nm for CS and Z 20.3 nm and Y 15.9 nm for CES). The fundamental sensing limit of CES was estimated to be: Z 0.52 nm / Hz and Y 0.41 nm / Hz for a working range of approximately 100 μm, respectively.
David Boder’s Psychological Museum and the Exposition of 1938

In 1937 David Pablo Boder founded the Psychological Museum in Chicago, perhaps the first such institution of its kind in psychology. This article describes the events surrounding the establishment of that museum and the psychological exposition held in 1938 to promote it. Although the Museum’s influence was largely confined to the Chicago area, it does stand as the initial example of contemporary museum and archival efforts in psychology.
18O2 labeling experiments illuminate the oxidation of ent-kaurene in bacterial gibberellin biosynthesis

Bacteria can produce gibberellin plant hormones. While the bacterial biosynthetic pathway is similar to that of plants, the individual enzymes are very distantly related and arose via convergent evolution. The cytochromes P450 (CYPs) that catalyze the multi-step oxidation of the alkane precursor ent-kaurene (1) to ent-kauren-19-oic acid (5), are called ent-kaurene oxidases (KOs), and in plants are from the CYP701 family, and share less than 19% amino acid sequence identity with those from bacteria, which are from the phylogenetically distinct CYP117 family. Here the reaction series catalyzed by CYP117 was examined by 18O2 labeling experiments, the results indicate successive hydroxylation of 1 to ent-kauren-19-ol (2) and then ent-kauren-19,19-diol (3) and most likely an intervening dehydration to ent-kauren-19-al (4) prior to the concluding hydroxylation to 5. Accordingly, the bacterial and plant KOs converged on catalysis of the same series of reactions, despite their independent evolutionary origin.
Modeling chromatic contrast detectors in the primate visual system

Colour vision requires detecting chromatic (spectral) contrasts across a (moving) border independently of achromatic (energy) contrasts. I have examined the responses of each functionally unique visual neuron in the macaque lateral geniculate nucleus to a moving border of maximum achromatic and strong chromatic contrasts. Using this ensemble of responses I have electronically constructed, by linear addition (excitation) and subtraction (inhibition) of certain combinations of neurons in this ensemble, hypothetical units that respond to specific chromatic contrasts independently of achromatic contrasts. The strategies used may be relevant to colour vision processing in visual cortex.
Fake It to Make It? Emotional Labor Reduces the Racial Disparity in Service Performance Judgments:

Service providers who are Black tend to be evaluated less favorably than those who are White, hindering opportunities for advancement. We propose that the Black-White racial disparity in service performance evaluations is due to occupational-racial stereotype incongruence for interpersonal warmth and that more emotional labor is necessary from Blacks to reduce this incongruence. A pilot study manipulating employee race and occupation confirmed warmth and person-occupation fit judgments are lower for an otherwise equal Black than White service provider. We then demonstrate the racial disparity in service performance is due to interpersonal warmth differences in an experimental study with participants evaluating videos of retail clerks (Study 1) and a multisource field study of grocery clerks with supervisor-rated judgments (Study 2). Furthermore, White service providers are rated highly regardless of emotional labor, but performing more emotional labor (i.e., amplifying positive expressions) is necessary f...
EnsembleHMD: Accurate Hardware Malware Detectors with Specialized Ensemble Classifiers

Hardware-based malware detectors (HMDs) are a promising new approach to defend against malware. HMDs collect low-level architectural features and use them to classify malware from normal programs. With simple hardware support, HMDs can be always on, operating as a first line of defense that prioritizes the application of more expensive and more accurate software-detector. In this paper, our goal is to increase the accuracy of HMDs, to improve detection, and reduce overhead. We use specialized detectors targeted towards a specific type of malware to improve the detection of each type. Next, we use ensemble learning techniques to improve the overall accuracy by combining detectors. We explore detectors based on logistic regression (LR) and neural networks (NN). The proposed detectors reduce the false-positive rate by more than half compared to using a single detector, while increasing their sensitivity. We develop metrics to estimate detection overhead; the proposed detectors achieve more than 16.6x overhead reduction during online detection compared to an idealized software-only detector, with an 8x improvement in relative detection time. NN detectors outperform LR detectors in accuracy, overhead (by 40 percent), and time-to-detection of the hardware component (by 5x). Finally, we characterize the hardware complexity by extending an open-core and synthesizing it on an FPGA platform, showing that the overhead is minimal.
Furosemide Response Predicts Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery in Infants and Neonates

Objective:Cardiac surgery–induced acute kidney injury occurs frequently in neonates and infants and is associated with postoperative morbidity/mortality; early identification of cardiac surgery–induced acute kidney injury may be crucial to mitigate postoperative morbidity. We sought to determine if
Multiple sound-source localization and identification with a spherical microphone array and lavalier microphone data

Spherical microphone arrays have attained a considerable amount of interest for their dynamic beamforming and tracking capabilities. Although many robust algorithms have been developed to accurately localize individual sources, multiple source localization, especially for concurrent or colocated sources, has proved to be a challenging topic. This project demonstrates a technique to isolate individual concurrent sources by using lavalier microphone data to determine the relative difference in signal energy between sources. This data is then incorporated into the source-tracking algorithm governing the beamforming spherical array, a particle filter, by allowing the rejection of frames containing concurrent source information. This improves the tracking ability of the system. [Work supported by Rensselaer HASS Fellowship, NSF No. 1631674, and CISL.]
Prolific Origination of Eyes in Cnidaria with Co-option of Non-visual Opsins.

Summary Animal eyes vary considerably in morphology and complexity and are thus ideal for understanding the evolution of complex biological traits [ 1 ]. While eyes evolved many times in bilaterian animals with elaborate nervous systems, image-forming and simpler eyes also exist in cnidarians, which are ancient non-bilaterians with neural nets and regions with condensed neurons to process information. How often eyes of varying complexity, including image-forming eyes, arose in animals with such simple neural circuitry remains obscure. Here, we produced large-scale phylogenies of Cnidaria and their photosensitive proteins and coupled them with an extensive literature search on eyes and light-sensing behavior to show that cnidarian eyes originated at least eight times, with complex, lensed-eyes having a history separate from other eye types. Compiled data show widespread light-sensing behavior in eyeless cnidarians, and comparative analyses support ancestors without eyes that already sensed light with dispersed photoreceptor cells. The history of expression of photoreceptive opsin proteins supports the inference of distinct eye origins via separate co-option of different non-visual opsin paralogs into eyes. Overall, our results show eyes evolved repeatedly from ancestral photoreceptor cells in non-bilaterian animals with simple nervous systems, co-opting existing precursors, similar to what occurred in Bilateria. Our study underscores the potential for multiple, evolutionarily distinct visual systems even in animals with simple nervous systems.
Degrees of Constructibility

This paper is a written version of a talk given at the MSRI Workshop on Set Theory and The Continuum. Other than some introductory material, it is an exposition of the work in Groszek and Shore [12]. Its subject matter is certainly based in set theory and deals with the continuum but with a decidedly recursion theoretic bent. We are concerned with the ordering of reals under relative constructibility. For reals f and g, i. e. functions from ω into ω we say that f is constructive from g, f ≤ c g, iff f ∈ L[g]. This defines a partial ordering and, in the usual way, we form equivalence classes which are called degrees of constructibility and are ordered by the induced ordering to produce a structure D c . (We use boldface symbols to stand for the degree of a function named by a lightface symbol as in d ∈ d.) This structure is obviously highly non-absolute. If V = L, it consists simply of the singleton containing the constructible (and so all) reals. Other set theoretic assumptions, however, tend to make the structure very rich. One can take the view that investigations into the possible nature of D c are simply consistency results. We prefer the attitude that the universe is rich and we are analyzing the structure of the reals under relative constructibility.
Precipitation of metal 8-hydroxyquinolates from homogeneous solution—III: Aluminium

Abstract A study has been made of the precipitation of aluminium from homogeneous solution with 8-acetoxyquinoline. The use of 8-acetoxyquinoline results in an aluminium precipitate with superior physical characteristics as compared to that produced in the conventional manner with 8-hydroxyquinoline. A separation of 25-mg quantities of aluminium from 300 mg of magnesium or 1000 mg of calcium can easily be made.
A Thermodynamic Model for Predicting Formation of Chemical Bonds between Metals and Cured Polyimides During Metallization

Adhesion between metals and polymers has been a subject of practical concern in the microelectronic packaging technology. Formation of chemical bonds promises the type of adhesion favored by the new processing techniques being developed in the industry. In an earlier paper, a thermodynamic model was proposed where an effective partial molar energy was defined for the pendent oxygen in the cured polyimide (PI) and its limiting values determined experimentally by in-situ XPS monitoring of interfacial reaction during metallization. Used to predict whether a metal will form chemical bonds with the oxygen in PI, the model was found to be valid for several metals. In this paper a quasichemical approach is used to examine the validity of the assumptions on which the model is based. It is shown that until a detailed quantum mechanical treatment is made, some of these assumptions should be regarded as a mixture of truth and expediency.
Review of the toxicities of foscarnet.

The primary dose-limiting adverse effects associated with foscarnet treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS are renal impairment and ionized hypocalcemia. Dose-limiting renal impairment, consisting of significant alterations in serum creatinine levels or creatinine clearance or acute renal failure, has been observed in 10-20% of AIDS patients receiving foscarnet via intermittent i.v. infusion. Nephrotoxicity can be minimized by adjusting dosage according to creatinine clearance and by ensuring that adequate hydration is provided throughout foscarnet therapy. Transient decreases in serum or plasma ionized calcium levels appear to occur in all patients during foscarnet infusion, with these decreases being observed in the absence of changes in total calcium levels. Hypocalcemia produces mild symptoms in some patients and may play a role in unexplained cases of arrhythmia or seizure. Careful attention should be given to levels of total calcium and other minerals during foscarnet treatment, and the occurrence of symptomatic hypocalcemia should prompt evaluation of ionized calcium concentrations and foscarnet dose reduction. Another potentially treatment-limiting effect attributed to foscarnet is penile ulceration, which appears to result from exposure of the glans penis to unchanged foscarnet in the urine.
PW 2077 Preparedness and resilience a case study on child safety for survival in thailand

Thailand is prone to different natural hazards affecting millions of children each year. Therefore, the daily risks for children are common in the country. However, about 1243 children were drowning each year that makes drowning is the No.1 cause of child deaths in Thailand. Meanwhile, road crash is the country’s No.2 cause of death and the No.1 cause of injuries and disabilities among children in Thailand. Over 2600 children are killed in road accidents yearly, and 72 680 children injured. To address these concerns on Child Safety in Thailand, Save the Children conceptualized the Child Safety for Survival, and Disaster Risk Reduction Programme which provides a strategic framework for promoting the child safety for survival countrywide. This paper aims to discuss on the good practices and models which related to the disaster preparedness and risk reduction, road safety, and water safety including survival swimming skill under the Comprehensive School Safety Framework (CSSF), particularly tackling the evidence-based achievements based on working experiences and learning lessons from the previous programme implementation as well as from the organizational capacities and the situational context in Thailand. In addition, it also presents how the child safety initiatives are aligned with national priorities in contribution to the regional and global commitments in order to ensure that children have preparedness skills and resilience capacity for their lives safety and their families as well.
The specter of the “arrivant”: hauntology of an interethnic conflict in Afghanistan

For more than a century Afghanistan has been marred by (among other things) the interethnic conflict between two major groups in the country, with Pashtuns in the role of the dominant ethnicity, an...
Chronic stimulation drives human NK cell dysfunction and epigenetic reprograming

A population of Natural Killer (NK) cells expressing the activating receptor NKG2C and the maturation marker CD57 expands in response to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. CD3-CD56dimCD57+NKG2C+ NK cells are similar to CD8+ memory T cells with rapid and robust effector function upon re-stimulation, persistence, and epigenetic remodeling of the IFNG locus. Chronic antigen stimulation drives CD8+ memory T cell proliferation while also inducing genome-wide epigenetic reprograming and dysfunction. We hypothesized that chronic stimulation could similarly induce epigenetic reprograming and dysfunction in NK cells. Here we show that chronic stimulation of adaptive NK cells through NKG2C using plate-bound agonistic antibodies in combination with IL-15 drove robust proliferation and activation of CD3-CD56dimCD57+NKG2C+ NK cells while simultaneously inducing high expression of the checkpoint inhibitory receptors LAG-3 and PD-1. Marked induction of checkpoint inhibitory receptors was also observed on the surface of adaptive NK cells co-cultured with HCMV-infected endothelial cells. Chronically stimulated adaptive NK cells were dysfunctional when challenged with tumor targets. These cells exhibited a pattern of epigenetic reprograming, with genome-wide alterations in DNA methylation. Our study has important implications for cancer immunotherapy and suggest that exhausted NK cells could be targeted with inhibitory checkpoint receptor blockade.
Electronic Discovery, Informational Privacy, Facebook and Utopian Civil Justice

Electronically stored information (“ESI”) has had a massive impact on our society. In civil litigation the discovery process remains fundamental. The discovery process traditionally represents equilibrium between adversarial justice’s incorporation of two competing principles. The search for the truth and recognition certain information is private and therefore unavailable, even if dispositive, for consideration in resolving the dispute. The contours of this private information are defined by the attorney-client privilege, the work product doctrine and ethical confidentiality rules. Electronically stored information and the new paradigm of electronic discovery shift this equilibrium heavily in favor of the truth. Electronic discovery effectively obliterates the privacy traditionally protected in adversarial justice. This obliteration of privacy in discovery is a reflection of ESI’s reduction of informational privacy on a broader societal scale. For example ESI has broadened the concept of newsworthiness such that the tort of public disclosure of private fact no longer exists and online social networking, possible only because of ESI, is an unprecedented, voluntary relinquishment of informational privacy. The decline in privacy is directly attributable to the space less nature of ESI and an ESI fuelled shift in social morality. This shift in privacy facilitates implementing a justice system combining the best of both the European inquisitorial system and America’s adversarial system. The hybrid system ensures the Continental search for material truth is not subjugated by the recognition of privacy as in the adversarial model but retains the laudable, libertarian, societal safeguards of the adversarial system. This justice model decreases litigation costs, improves public perception of the civil justice system and increases the relevance and applicability of ethical rules.
An approach for investigating emotion dynamics in software development

Emotion awareness is critical to interpersonal communication, including that in software development. The SE community has studied emotion in software development using isolated emotion states but it has not considered the dynamic nature of emotion. To investigate the emotion dynamics, SE community needs an effective approach. In this paper, we propose such an approach which can automatically collect project teams' communication records, identify the emotions and their intensities in them, model the emotion dynamics into time series, and provide efficient data management. We demonstrate that this approach can provide end-to-end support for various emotion awareness research and practices through automated data collection, modeling, storage, analysis, and presentation using the IPython's project data on GitHub.
Soluble T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain 3 (sTim-3) in maternal sera: a potential contributor to immune regulation during pregnancy.

Objective: The immune checkpoint inhibitor, membrane-bound T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain 3 (Tim-3), binds to galectin-9 (gal-9) and promotes immune tolerance during pregnancy. Soluble Tim-3 (s...
Specificity of representations in infants’ visual statistical learning

Abstract Past work has demonstrated infants’ robust statistical learning across visual and auditory modalities. However, the specificity of representations produced via visual statistical learning has not been fully explored. The current study addressed this by investigating infants’ abilities to identify previously learned object sequences when some object features (e.g., shape, face) aligned with prior learning and other features did not. Experiment 1 replicated past work demonstrating that infants can learn statistical regularities across sequentially presented objects and extended this finding to 16-month-olds. In Experiment 2, infants viewed test sequences in which one object feature (e.g., face) had been removed but the other feature (e.g., shape) was maintained, resulting in failure to identify familiar sequences. We further probed learning specificity by assessing infants’ recognition of sequences when one feature was altered rather than removed (Experiment 3) and when one feature was uncorrelated with the original sequence structure (Experiment 4). In both cases, infants failed to identify sequences in which object features were not identical between learning and test. These findings suggest that infants are limited in their ability to generalize the statistical structure of an object sequence when the objects’ features do not align between learning and test.
A Systematic Review of Mindfulness Interventions on Psychophysiological Responses to Acute Stress

Excessive stress has become a common health concern that may result in deleterious physical and psychological conditions. Mindfulness has emerged as a practice that may buffer stress reactivity and researchers have progressively used an empirically validated laboratory protocol, the Trier Social Stress Test, to elicit stress reactivity to examine the buffering capacity of mindfulness. This systematic review aims to (1) summarize the literature on the effects of mindfulness interventions (MI) on stress reactivity measured via the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), and (2) examine methodological variability across this literature and how variations in methodology may be influencing stress reactivity outcomes. Various databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and PsycArticles) were systematically searched to identify MI studies that included stress reactivity to the TSST as a dependent outcome. Six out of 13 studies with physiological variables and seven out of 10 studies with self-report variables demonstrated the stress-buffering effects of MI on acute stress induction. Participant populations, differences in control groups, MI protocols, intervention dosage, and the number of TSST administrations seem to influence the stress-buffering effects of MI. The ability of MI to buffer stress reactivity seems to be robust when measured via self-report, but stress-buffering effects are less clear for physiological measures. There is evidence that variations in study methodology may influence stress reactivity outcomes; the type of mindfulness practice and the dosage of practice seem to be particularly influential. Further research is necessary to more accurately characterize the relation between MI and stress reactivity.