cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are We Prescribing Our Patients Too Much Pain Medication? Best Predictors of Narcotic Usage After Spinal Surgery for Scoliosis.

Background: Physicians play a role in the current prescription drug-abuse epidemic. Surgeons often prescribe more postoperative narcotic pain medication than patients routinely need. Although narcotics are effective for severe, acute, postoperative pain, few evidence-based guidelines exist regarding the routinely required amount and duration of use post-hospital discharge. Methods: Patients in a prospective cohort undergoing posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis were asked preoperatively to rate their pain level, the level of pain expected each week postoperatively, and their pain tolerance. Post-discharge pain scores and narcotic use were reported at weekly intervals for 4 weeks postoperatively. Demographic data, preoperative Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 scores, operative details, perioperative data, and self-reported pain levels were analyzed with respect to their association with total medication use and refills received. Disposal plans were also assessed. Results: Seventy-two patients were enrolled, and 85% completed the surveys. The mean patient age was 14.9 years; 69% of the patients were female. The cohort was divided into 3 groups on the basis of total medication usage. The mean number of pills used in the middle (average-use) group was 49 pills. In postoperative week 4, narcotic usage was minimal (a mean of 2.9 pills by the highest-use group). Also by this time point, pain scores had, on average, returned to preoperative levels. Older age, male sex, a higher body mass index, and a higher preoperative pain score were associated with increased narcotic use. Sixty-seven percent of the patients planned to dispose of their unused medication, although only 59% of those patients planned on doing so in a manner recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Conclusions: Postoperative narcotic dosing may be improved by considering patient age, weight, sex, and preoperative pain score. The precise estimation of individual narcotic needs is complex. Patient and family education on the importance and proper method of narcotic disposal is an essential component of minimizing the availability of unused postoperative medication. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Baroclinic Effects on Wind-Driven Lateral Circulation in Chesapeake Bay

AbstractThe 2-month-long mooring data were collected in a straight midsection of Chesapeake Bay to document the lateral circulation driven by along-channel winds. Under upestuary winds, the lateral circulation featured a clockwise (looking into estuary) circulation in the surface layer, with lateral Ekman forcing as the dominant generation mechanism. Under downestuary winds, however, the lateral circulation displayed a structure dependent on the Wedderburn number W: a counterclockwise circulation at small W and two counterrotating vortices at large W. The surface lateral velocity was phase locked to the along-channel wind speed. Analysis of the streamwise vorticity equation showed that the strength and structure of the lateral circulation in this stratified estuary were largely determined by the competition between the tilting of planetary vorticity by along-channel currents and lateral baroclinic forcing due to sloping isopycnals. Under strong, downestuary winds, the lateral baroclinic forcing offset or ...
Genome Scan for Therapy-Related Leukemia.

Abstract Therapy-related leukemia (t-ML) is a rare but devastating complication of anticancer treatment, including treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although a number of treatment factors have been identified that contribute to the development of t-ML, little is known about the biology of the disease or the genetic risk factors. To identify possible genetic risk factors for and characteristics of t-ML among ALL patients, we used the Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Mapping 100K set to genotype over 100,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in germline DNA from 13 cases with t-ML and from 13 matched controls, as well as DNA of the t-ML blast samples of the 13 cases. Controls were matched for treatment protocol, ALL risk classification, irradiation, prior use of G-CSF, and race. Germline allele frequencies differed (at the p Download : Download high-res image (157KB) Download : Download full-size image
Fatigue in Textile Fibers1 Part XII: Fatiguing by Cyclic Tension at Constant Force-Amplitude

The practical advantages of a knowledge of the appropriate lifetime distribution in fatigue research are pointed out. The logarithmic lifetimes of two sets of polyester specimens, one fatigued over a 47-day period at a constant force amplitude (CFA) of 11.5 g, the other over a shorter period at a CFA of 13.4 g, were judged to conform better to the Weilbull third-asymptotic distribution than to the normal distribution, on the basis of visual inspection. A decline of about a decade and a half in the average logarithmic lifetime resulted from the higher level of loading. Measurements of the deviations from visually fitted straight lines of observed logarithmic lifetimes of the polyester and a polyamide sample, plotted on Weibull and on normal probability coordinates, shows that the observed results conform better to the former distribution. This finding is confirmed when the analysis is applied to the deviations from a line located by the squares method. A series of tests, employing the same polyester, was undertaken to assess the feasibility of attempting to load specimens with force-amplitudes of improved uniformity on a gram-per-denier basis. The technique adopted was to match care fully the slightly scattered linear densities of fiber specimens with the constants of the individual springs on the machine. While, in the final test, the spread in the loading (g/den) had been reduced to 5%, no clearly detectable improvement was found in the uniformity of logarithmic lifetimes—the ultimate objective. The conclusion is that structural dif ferences among specimens so far over-ride small nonuniformity in loading as to make it unprofitable to give time-con suming attention to the latter. For fibers of the polyester sample fatigued at four successively increasing force-amplitudes, the lifetime data showed moderately good conformance to the cumultive-damage principle. Values of 0.79 and 0.75 for the sums of damage ratios were found, where simple theory calls, for unity; though a newer hypothesis predicts deviations. A plot of the results of several tests on the polyester sample shows a general, substantial decline in logarithmic life times with increases in the force-amplitude. The lifetimes of specimens of the aromatic polyamide sample were found to conform to a Weibull distribution and to have an average value and range comparing favorably with those of the polyester sample under relatively the same conditions.
Sympathetic neural reactivity to mental stress differs in black and non-Hispanic white adults

Black men have a blunted muscle sympathetic nerve activity response to mental stress compared with non-Hispanic white (NHW) men, especially at the onset of mental stress when muscle sympathetic ner...
Rates and Locations of Regional Metastases in Sinonasal Malignancies: The Mayo Clinic Experience.

Objectives The objective of this study was to identify factors that may influence the rate and location of regional metastasis in sinonasal malignancies (SNMs). Design This is a retrospective review. Setting This study was set at the single-institution tertiary referral center. Participants A total of 299 patients were treated for SNMs from 1994 to 2014. Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures were incidence and distribution of regional metastases. Results Several histologic subtypes were treated, with squamous cell carcinoma (28.4%), esthesioneuroblastoma (18.1%), and mucosal melanoma (12.4%) being the most common. Of the 299 patients, 59 (19.7%) developed a regional metastasis, either at presentation or during follow-up. Higher cumulative incidence of regional metastases was significantly associated with histologic type ( p ≤0.001) and invasion of the dura ( p = 0.005), infratemporal fossa ( p = 0.036), orbit ( p = 0.020), or palate ( p = 0.016). Ipsilateral level II lymph nodes were the most commonly involved nodes. Contralateral regional metastases were associated with higher risk histologic types ( p = 0.005) and dural invasion ( p = 0.008). Parotid metastases were associated with invasion of the facial soft tissue ( p = 0.028), and retropharyngeal metastases were associated with invasion of the pterygoid plates and musculature ( p = 0.030). Conclusion Histologic type of SNM appears to be the most important factor in predicting the rate of regional metastases. Histologic type and invasion of certain neighboring structures may help define which lymphatic basins are at highest risk for metastasis.
Potential Uses of Computer-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation Programs

This chapter discusses the development and initial field trial of the latest prototype computerized cognitive rehabilitation training (CCRT) program developed by Michigan State University’s Games for Entertainment and Learning Lab. The Brain Powered Games (BPG) project is a computer game-based, rehabilitation program specifically designed for children in resource-poor communities, with an emphasis on children in sub-Saharan Africa. This chapter describes the different aspects of the current BPG prototype and how game theories such as digital game-based learning and game flow influenced the design. Details are presented about a playtest of the BPG prototype in a rural setting in Uganda, including observations about children’s general responses to the games, results of an initial pilot evaluation, and how those observations may affect future development.
The design of a repetition rate laser rangefinder

In this paper, the design of a repetition rate laser rangefinder is discussed, the technical significations of a practical laser rangefinder are presented, and the ranging capacities are estimated. The program of ranging is an optimized one, and the block diagram and the time series diagram of the rangefinder are give. The experiments using a repetition rate laser rangefinder by wind cooling method have been conducted. And this kind of laser rangefinder has already put into practical use.
Impact of threading dislocation density on the lifetime of InAs quantum dot lasers on Si

We investigate the impact of threading dislocation density on the reliability of 1.3 μm InAs quantum dot lasers epitaxially grown on Si. A reduction in the threading dislocation density from 2.8 × 108 cm−2 to 7.3 × 106 cm−2 has improved the laser lifetime by about five orders of magnitude when aged continuous-wave near room temperature (35 °C). We have achieved extrapolated lifetimes (time to double initial threshold) more than 10 × 106 h. An accelerated laser aging test at an elevated temperature (60 °C) reveals that p-modulation doped quantum dot lasers on Si retain superior reliability over unintentionally doped ones. These results suggest that epitaxially grown quantum dot lasers could be a viable approach to realize a reliable, scalable, and efficient light source on Si.
Combined Recirculatory-compartmental Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Arterial and Venous Plasma S(+) and R(-) Ketamine Concentrations.

What We Already Know about This TopicRecirculatory pharmacokinetic models describe intravascular mixing by incorporating cardiac output and its distribution to characterize the oscillations of arterial and venous drug concentrations in the minutes after rapid IV drug administrationArterial drug conc
MicroRNA-223 Regulates Septin-2 and Septin-6 in Stored Platelets.

Background Septins have been identified to play important roles in platelets, but their regulation in platelets is unknown. Human platelet being an enucleated and terminally differentiated cell, mRNA downregulation by miRs is one of the posttranscriptional mechanisms operative in platelets. Objective Since platelets are known to have miR-223 in abundance, the objective of this study is to test whether a) platelet septins have miR-223 interacting target sites in their mRNA 3'UTRs, b) septin mRNAs and miR-223 form complexes with Argonaute 2 (AGO2) protein in platelets, which is the catalytic component of an RNA Induced Silencing Complex (RISC), c) a reporter gene with septin mRNA 3' untranslated region (UTR) is subjected to downregulation by miR-223 and d) anti-miR-223 can suppress miR-223 activity and enhance septin-2 expression in platelets. Method Bioinformatics tools were used to screen mRNA 3'UTRs of septin-2 and septin-6 for miR- 223 target sites. Subsequently, platelet extracts were immunoprecipitated by AGO2 antibodies to identify that the two septin mRNAs and miR-223 were in complex with AGO2. A luciferase reporter chimeric- gene expression system was utilized to monitor miR-223 mediated downregulation luciferase gene containing the 3'UTR of either septin-2 or septin-6. Further, anti-miR-223 was utilized in platelets to directly demonstrate the role of miR-223 on the expression of septin-2. Results Our results demonstrate that in stored platelets a) septine-2 and septin-6 mRNAs have miR- 223 target sites, b) septin-2 and septin-6 are in complex with Ago-2, c) in luciferase reporter gene system, the interaction of miR-223 with 3' UTRs of septin-2 and septin-6 leads to downregulation of luciferase expression and d) anti-miR-223 downregulated miR-223 activity and thereby the expression of septin-2 is upregulated. Conclusion The results demonstrate that like in nucleated cells, enucleated platelets also have miRbased mechanisms for the regulation of their septins.
The HIV tat Gene Induces Epidermal Hyperplasia in vivo and Transforms Keratinocytes in vitro

Many Dermatologic disorders are associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Kaposi’s sarcoma, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma are all increased in frequency in the AIDS population (1,2). Multiple pathologic processes are likely to be at work in inducing the complex manifestations of AIDS, including the direct effects of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the indirect effects of profound immune dysfunction, and the involvement of multiple other infectious agents (3,4).
Attractiveness and Rivalry in Women’s Same-Sex Friendships

The human tendency to affiliate with similar others is manifested in a variety of interpersonal relationships, including same-sex friendships. We propose that similarity between female friends in physical attractiveness entails both benefits and costs, with one cost being the potential for mating rivalry. In this chapter we discuss previous research on the prevalence and potential benefits of allying with similar others, the nature of intrasexual competition between women, and the intimate yet competitive nature of women’s friendships with other women. Then, we describe two recent studies from our lab designed to test the proposal that female friends are similarly attractive and that discrepancies in friends’ physical attractiveness levels are tied to perceptions of rivalry in their friendship. We demonstrate that female friends assort on attributes tied to intrasexual competition among women, specifically body shape and overall attractiveness. We also demonstrate that discrepancies in female friends’ attractiveness are linked to women’s perceptions of rivalry in their friendships. Finally, we provide discriminant evidence of these effects; specifically, attributes less relevant to women’s mate value, such as ambition and athleticism, are not tied to women’s perceptions of rivalry with their friends. We discuss the unique character of female friendships in the context of an evolutionary history dominated by male philopatry, and we offer ideas for future research on how sexual behavior is tied to female–female friendship dynamics.
Purification and Properties of Rat Ovarian 20 α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase

The interconversion of progesterone and 4-pregnen2Oc+olS-one is catalyzed by an enzyme preparation obtained from rat ovarian tissue (1, 2). Included among the properties of a crude preparation of the requisite 20cr-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was its utilization of reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide and, to a lesser extent, reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide for the reduction of progesterone. It has been proposed (3) that hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase possessing dual nucleotide specificity may function metabolically as pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase, and as a consequence, regulate reversible transfer of hydrogen between reduced triphosphopyridine ‘nucleotide and diphosphopyridine nucleotide, the steroid functioning as a coenzymic hydrogen carrier. A necessary requirement for the application of this hypothesis to the hormone action of progesterone is that the 20a-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, or some other similar enzyme required for the metabolism of the hormone, should also exhibit transhydrogenase activity. This paper reports the absence of such activity from preparations of rat ovary 2Oar-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and demonstrates that this lack of transhydrogenase activity stems from the single pyridine nucleotide requirement of the enzyme.
Nuances of the Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Evaluation

Our aim in this chapter is to summarize a thorough pediatric neuropsychiatric examination that can be tailored to a variety of clinical needs. A range of referral types can come to those open to receiving children and adolescents with neuropsychiatric conditions. Sometimes, there is a known neurological illness that is thought to be contributing to psychiatric symptoms. An example of this might be an identified epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, or encephalitis that has been complicated by psychiatric symptoms either secondary to or comorbid with the underlying illness. At other times, the clinician will be asked to assist in work-up and diagnostic clarification for a child who presents with symptoms that cross disciplines, such as atypical psychosis, treatment-refractory attentional and dysexecutive symptoms, unusual abnormal movements, etc.
Evaluating Movement of Patients With Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections in the Greater Atlanta Metropolitan Area Using Social Network Analysis

BACKGROUND Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are an urgent threat with potential for rapid spread. We evaluated the role of Medicare patient movement between facilities to model the spread of CRE within a region. METHODS Through population-based CRE surveillance in the 8-county Atlanta (GA) metropolitan area, all Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., or Klebsiella spp. resistant to ≥1 carbapenem were reported from residents. CRE was attributed to a facility based on timing of culture and facility exposures. Centrality metrics were calculated from 2016 Medicare data and compared to CRE-transfer derived centrality metrics by Spearman correlation. RESULTS During 2016, 283 incident CRE cases with concurrent or prior year facility stays were identified; cases were attributed mostly to acute care hospitals (ACHs; 141, 50%) and skilled nursing facilities (SNFs; 113, 40%), and less frequently to long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs; 29, 10%). Attribution was widespread, originating at 17 of 20 ACHs (85%), 7 of 8 (88%) LTACHs, but only 35 of 65 (54%) SNFs. Betweenness of Medicare patient transfers strongly correlated with betweenness of CRE case-transfer data in ACHs (r = 0.75; P < .01) and LTACHs (r = 0.77; P = .03), but not in SNFs (r = 0.02; P = 0.85). We noted 6 SNFs with high CRE-derived betweenness but low Medicare-derived betweenness. CONCLUSIONS CRE infections originate from almost all ACHs and half of SNFs. We identified a subset of SNFs central to the CRE transfer network but not the Medicare transfer network; other factors may explain CRE patient movement in these facilities.
Zoo and aquarium libraries : An overview and update

Within the world of special science libraries, zoo and aquarium libraries have an especially narrow focus and purpose. Nevertheless, they play an important part in the functioning of their parent institutions, which currently emphasize their roles in education, conservation, and research. This paper summarizes the results of a survey which found that despite a wide range in the sizes of surveyed facilities and the general economic hard times, zoo and aquarium libraries have increased their holdings, resources, and scope. They are also recognized as important in helping their parent institutions fulfill their modern missions.
Specimen records for North American Lepidoptera (Insecta) in the Oregon State Arthropod Collection. Pyraloidea: Crambidae Latreille 1810 and Pyralidae Linnaeus, 1758

A dataset for North American specimens in the holdings of the Oregon State Arthropod Collection is presented. Details about the metadata an some basic summary of the contents are presented. The dataset itself, in the form of a text file (csv formatting) is provided in the supplemental file materials.
Demonstration and analysis of a 600 V, 10 A, 4H-SiC lateral single RESURF MOSFET for power ICs applications

This paper reports the demonstration of a 600 V 4H-SiC lateral MOSFET with a large current handling capability (10 A). To achieve a high breakdown voltage in a lateral architecture, a REduced SURface Field (RESURF) structure was implemented to alleviate surface electric field crowding. A single RESURF (P-top) design on an N-drift on a 6-in. N+ substrate demonstrated a voltage supporting capability of 120 V/μm, resulting in a breakdown voltage of 600 V. The total width of 198 mm for the interdigitated gate fingers was designed to accomplish the high current capability. It turned out that, for relatively low voltage SiC lateral MOSFETs (<600 V), more focus needs to be placed on achieving a low channel, contact, metal, and JFET region resistance than a low drift layer resistance to further improve the on-resistance. Device design, fabrication, and electrical characterization of the proposed 600 V, 10 A, 4H-SiC lateral single RESURF MOSFETs are discussed in this paper.
Leadership in a Fiscally Distressed School District: The Case of Daly City Schools:

This case positions the reader as the superintendent of Daly City Community Schools (DCCS), a mid-sized public school district located in the Midwestern United States facing a fiscal crisis. The ca...
Can Russia’s food exports reach $45 billion in 2024?

ABSTRACTIn May 2018 President Putin challenged the agricultural sector to increase the value of food exports to $45 billion by 2024, up from $26 billion in 2018. The article surveys opportunities f...
Choreographies of Dissent and the Politics of Public Space in State-of-Emergency Turkey

This article investigates a recent period in which dissenting activism has been shifted in Istanbul under the state of emergency (2016-2018). Based on an ethnography conducted with activists in feminist and LGBTQI+ demonstrations, anti-emergency decree vigils, and the Presidential Referendum protests, the study discusses how activists resist and undermine mobilization of violence through using the hegemonic tools of repression tactically, and choreographically. By employing Hannah Arendt’s concepts of “politics” and “isolation,” I examine that state agencies like the police forcefully disperse protesters and display authority, oppression, and occupation of public spaces by constantly creating an atmosphere of fear and insecurity. In opposition, dissenters practice and rehearse dispersal as a resilient choreography to once again relate each other against the forces of isolation. I suggest the term “tactics of dispersal” to define and analyze how activists depart from the central assembly of the social movement to create smaller, mobile, and ephemeral assemblies. In the city-scale, by scattering themselves in the city of Istanbul and mobilizing peripheries of the urban space, dissenters re-choreograph and subvert a thanatopolitical strategy of dispersal in favor of pluralism under political hardship. In the bodily-scale, activists claim the public sphere through the transience of folk dance. Whenever protesters depart from folk dance collectives to create new ones, they perpetually re-configure the area and initiate novel actions contingent upon their temporal and positional assessments during the dance. Such tactical applications of dispersal characterized by the smaller scale and transitory gatherings with ever-changing combinations of bodies at the peripheral space of urban activism manifest its great potential for collective agency and plural politics.
Assessment of the Progression of Poststroke Depression in Ischemic Stroke Patients Using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.

Abstract Background Poststroke depression (PSD) affects one-third of stroke patients and is linked with higher stroke morbidity, mortality, and recurrence. Current guidelines do not direct when to screen for PSD, and predictors of PSD are not well understood. We sought to understand progression of PSD symptoms early after ischemic stroke, identify predictors of PSD, and describe the use of antidepressants in PSD. Methods We collected demographic, clinical, and PSD (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-9) data from ischemic stroke patients hospitalized at our Comprehensive Stroke Center and followed up in our clinic. PHQ-9 was obtained during hospitalization and again in clinic within 180 days of discharge. We performed univariate analysis and logistic regression to detect variables associated with PSD. Results Among 201 patients, PSD symptoms (PHQ-9 > 4) were identified in 30% of patients during hospitalization and 46% during follow-up (54% of which had no symptoms during hospitalization). At follow-up, 36% were worse by PHQ-9 category. In univariate analysis, follow-up modified Rankin Scale (mRS) greater than or equal to 2 (P = .03) and antidepressant prescription (P Conclusions Almost half of ischemic stroke patients develop PSD symptoms and more than one-third worsen between hospitalization and follow-up. Poststroke disability (mRS ≥ 2) and posterior circulation stroke were associated with worsening PSD. Worsening PSD symptoms prompted treatment change in 29% of patients. Screening for PSD during hospitalization should be repeated during early follow-up.
Variable but not random: temporal pattern coding in a songbird brain area necessary for song modification.

This paper shows that bursts of spikes in the songbird brain during practice carry information about the output motor pattern. The brain’s code for song changes with social context, in performance ...
The Impact of COVID-19 on Sexual Behavior and Psychosocial Functioning in a Clinical Sample of Men who have Sex with Men Using HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on sexual behavior, mental health, and substance use among men who have sex with men (MSM) engaged in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care. Generalized linear mixed models and logistic mixed-effect models examined change over time for number of sexual partners, mood, and alcohol consumption. From February 29, 2020 to July 31, 2020, 177 MSM actively engaged in PrEP care were evaluated. The median age was 37 [interquartile range (IQR 30, 51]. Patients in the sample were largely representative of the clinic population and identified as White (73.0%), Black/African American (9.2%), and other race (17.2%), and 11.8% identified as Hispanic/Latino ethnicity. Men reported an average of 2.60 fewer sexual partners (95% CI -4.04, -1.40) during the pandemic compared to pre-COVID-19. Rates of depressive symptoms and alcohol use remained stable and few patients reported substance use. The reduced number of sexual partners may be explained by patients' efforts to reduce risk of exposure to COVID-19 and low rates of psychosocial symptoms may be indicative of only the highest functioning patients continuing to engage in care. Reductions in sexual partners may offset reduced engagement in care and help mitigate risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Theodizeestrategien bei Leibniz, Hegel, Jonas

Das Kapitel diskutiert, unter welchen Bedingungen das Theodizeeproblem uberhaupt erst entstehen kann. Es zeigt u.a., warum Spinozas Integration des Programms der neuen Naturwissenschaft in die rationale Theologie das Theodizeeproblem auf eine neue Ebene gehoben hat und Leibniz zu der Verteidigung der viel schwierigeren These gezwungen hat, ein allmachtiger, allwissender und allgutiger Gott musse die (bzw. eine) bestmogliche Welt geschaffen haben – eine These, die von der mittelalterlichen Theologie radikal abweicht, fur die aber starke Argumente sprechen. Leibniz’ vier Argumentationsstrategien, um die Existenz des Ubels als mit einer solchen Welt kompatibel zu erweisen, werden analysiert und mit Hegels andersartigem Verstandnis des Problems kontrastiert. Die Integration des Negativen in Gott selbst, die Anerkennung eines objektiven Zufalls und der Fokus auf die Geschichte statt auf die Natur sind die wichtigsten Neuerungen Hegels. Kritisch wird schlieslich auf die problematischen Konsequenzen von Hans Jonas’ Ablehnung der Allmacht Gottes hingewiesen.
Interdealer inference and price discovery

Futures floor dealers are investigated in terms of their joint product of price discovery. A vector error correction model is estimated using floor trader proprietary prices, examining the resulting information shares and common factor components. More active dealers are significant price leaders, with only one fifth of the traders responsible for a significantly higher degree of price discovery. Price leadership is more significant in both volatile and falling markets, when information is perhaps more valuable. It is also found that the most active floor traders generally trade at the same time and in the same direction. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28: 131–154, 2008
Muscle-derived factors influencing bone metabolism

A significant amount of attention has been brought to the endocrine-like function of skeletal muscle on various tissues, particularly with bone. Several lines of investigation indicate that the physiology of both bone and muscle systems may be regulated by a given stimulus, such as exercise, aging, and inactivity. Moreover, emerging evidence indicates that bone is heavily influenced by soluble factors derived from skeletal muscle (i.e., muscle-to-bone communication). The purpose of this review is to discuss the regulation of bone remodeling (formation and/or resorption) through skeletal muscle-derived cytokines (hereafter myokines) including the anti-inflammatory cytokine METRNL and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, FGF-2 and others). Our goal is to highlight possible therapeutic opportunities to improve muscle and bone health in aging.
Conventional Wisdom and Milošević’s Serbia: A Review Essay

The violent dissolution of the former Yugoslavia has spawned the appearance of a plethora of books, essays, commentaries, and op-ed critiques. Many of these have simply been the products of overnight “experts” who lack the historical knowledge and language skills requisite to any adequate assessment of the complexities of Balkan cultures and politics. Others, more credibly, are the works of those who have devoted their professional careers to the study of this troubled area of the world. However, to an alarming degree, the analytical and ideological positions of both groups have been notably similar. In other words, a kind of conventional wisdom has emerged as if there existed some sort of feedback loop between the popular media, on the one hand, and academia, on the other. Among many similar manifestations of this unity of though is the stereotypical example of Branson and Doder (2000:2) who contend that Milosevic “dragged the United States and Europe, albeit unwillingly, into the mess he created in Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, and Kosovo.” In this brief citation the authors unambiguously absolve the West, the Croats, the Bosnian Muslims, and the Albanians of any responsibility whatsoever for the Yugoslav tragedy, while reaffirming what has become a pervasive axiom regarding the origins of the recent Balkans wars.
Effect of mental and physical practice on the learning of three motor skills.

Abstract Three separate experiments involving (a) the pursuit rotor, (b) a soccer kick for accuracy, and (c) a modified jump shot, were conducted in three Philadelphia junior high schools to investigate the effect of different schedules of mental and physical practice on the learning and retention of three motor tasks. Seventh grade boys (N = 212) served as subjects in the study. In each experiment four groups practiced for seven successive school days. Three of the groups followed schedules which included different proportions of mental and physical practice, while one group engaged in physical practice only. Findings from the three experiments led to the conclusions that: up to 50% of the practice time (or trials) in mental practice can be as effective as 100% of the time in physical practice; for subjects within the normal intelligence range, IQ scores are not indicative of one's ability to benefit from mental practice; seventh grade boys respond favorably and conscientiously to the suggestion of menta...
Hemorrhagic Periventricular Leukomalacia: Diagnosis by Real Time Ultrasound and Correlation with Autopsy Findings

Hemorrhage into areas of periventricular leukomalacia may occur and range in size from microscopic to massive. Hitherto, the definitive diagnosis has been made only at autopsy. A case is described in which the diagnosis of hemorrhagic periventricular leukomalacia was made antemortem by real-time ultrasound scanning and confirmed at autopsy. Periventricular/intraventricular hemorrhage, a more common hemorrhagic lesion, may extend into periventricular with matter in a location ventral and medial to hemorrhagic periventricular leukomalacia. Real-time ultrasound scanning is a safe and reliable means of defining the topography of these two hemorrhagic lesions and, thereby, of suggesting the correct diagnosis.
A long‐range forecast of Arctic summer sea‐ice minimum extent

This paper discusses the development of simple multiple linear regression (MLR) models for predicting the annual pan-Arctic minimum sea-ice extent at monthly intervals from February through August. The predictor data is based on mean monthly weighted indices of sea-ice concentration (WIC), surface skin temperature (WST), surface albedo (WAL), and downwelling longwave flux at the surface (WDL). The final regression equations retain either one or two sea ice and surface energy and radiation balance predictors, and each of the MLR models is superior to climatology, persistence, or random chance models. The mean absolute error (MAE) for the MLR models decreases from 0.36 x 10 6 km 2 in February to 0.15 × 10 6 km 2 in August; the corresponding r2 increases from 0.46 in February to 0.90 in August. In addition to improving long-range predictions, the models provide insight into the physical mechanisms affecting recent large reductions in sea-ice extent.
Comparative Test-Retest Stability of Four WAIS-R Selected Subtest Short Forms in Persons 75 to 87 Years of Age:

We compared the retest stability of selected WAIS-R short forms including the Kaufman, Ishikuma, & Kaufman-Packer; Reynolds, Wilson, and Clark; and Silverstein tetrads; and the Ward seven subtest abbreviation. Subjects were 61 normals with means for age and education of 78.93 years (SD = 3.46) and 9.74 years (SD = 1.91), respectively. The average retest interval was 65 days. Stability coefficients were .87, .94, and .89 for the Kaufman, Reynolds, and Silverstein tetrads, respectively. Coefficients on Ward's abbreviation were .88 on the Verbal, .91 on the Performance, and .93 on the Full Scales. Retest means changed by 3.03 points on Kaufman, -.38 on Reynolds, and .56 on Silverstein. Average changes were 2.36, 3.49, and 3.36 on the Ward Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale estimates. Short form stability in each instance was comparable to that of the standard WAIS-R.
Emotional reactivity to emotional and smoking cues during smoking abstinence: potentiated startle and P300 suppression.

Negative affect is thought to be an important factor in the maintenance of cigarette smoking, and thus it is important to further develop objective measures of smoking-related emotional responses. Nonsmokers, nonabstinent smokers, and abstinent smokers participated in a cue reactivity task where eyeblink startle amplitude and startle probe P300 (P3) suppression were measured during the presentation of emotional pictures. During unpleasant pictures, the amplitude of both measures was smaller in nonabstinent smokers than in nonsmokers or abstinent smokers. P3 suppression, but not startle amplitude, was larger in abstinent smokers than in nonsmokers. Abstinence-induced increases in cigarette craving were associated with P3 suppression during tobacco-related pictures. Results suggest that tobacco abstinence increases emotional reactivity to unpleasant stimuli, which is consistent with negative reinforcement models of tobacco addiction.
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence. 80. C-reactive protein determination at high amplification with [Ru(bpy)3]2+-containing microspheres.

Biotinylated anti-C-reactive protein (CRP) species were attached to the surface of streptavidin-coated magnetic beads (MB) and avidin-coated polystyrene microspheres/beads (PSB) entrapping a large number of electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) labels (∼109 Ru(bpy)3[B(C6F5)4]2/bead) to form anti-CRP↔MB and Ru(II)⊂PSB/avidin↔anti-CRP conjugates, respectively. Sandwich-type Ru(II)⊂PSB/avidin↔anti-CRP 〈CRP〉 anti-CRP↔MB aggregates were formed when Ru(II)⊂PSB/avidin↔anti-CRP was mixed with anti-CRP↔MB conjugates in the presence of analyte CRP. The newly formed aggregates were magnetically separated from the reaction media and dissolved in MeCN containing tri-n-propylamine as an ECL coreactant. ECL was carried out with a potential scan from 0 to 2.8 V vs Ag/Ag+, and the ECL intensity was found to be proportional to the analyte CRP concentration over the range of 0.010−10 μg/mL. The CRP concentration of an unknown human plasma specimen was measured by the standard addition method based on this technique. Elim...
High energy proton scattering by medium and heavy nuclei

Abstract The recent data on both elastic and inelastic scattering of 1 GeV protons by 40Ca and 208Pb are analyzed by means of the first term of the multiple scattering series for the optical potential and the DWIA. Theory and experiment agree quite well. Coulomb effects are taken into account. Neutron and proton ground state densities given by Hartree-Fock calculations employing a density-dependent Hamiltonian and which provide a good fit to elastic electron scattering are used. The Tassie form factors, normalized by comparison with inelastic electron scattering, are employed in the DWIA.
Transfer prices for air force component repair decisions

In 1992, the Air Force implemented transfer pricing to manage repair decisions for most reparable components. This market‐like system is intended to provide internal customers with incentives to make cost‐effective repair decisions; namely, repair a broken part locally versus sending it to a repair depot. However, Air Force transfer prices diverge from marginal costs along a number of dimensions and, thereby, provide incentives to behave in ways that minimize private costs but increase system costs. An alternative structure that would cause customers to face the costs their decisions impose upon the support system is recommended.
New directions for research on the organizational and institutional context of child welfare agencies: Introduction to the symposium on “The Organizational and Managerial Context of Private Child Welfare Agencies”

Abstract This paper argues for a conceptual reorientation to research and practice that emphasizes the prominence of institutional and organizational factors in the lives of those who are involved in child welfare systems. Current child welfare reform efforts are premised on the idea that agencies—their structures, management, and internal approaches to organizing their workforce and frontline services—may be influential drivers of and barriers to innovation in practice and policy. We unpack this premise by providing an introduction to the institutional and organizational context of child welfare practice that highlights the diverse contexts and contributions of public and private child welfare agencies. We then review five domains for future research and present examples of studies that might be undertaken. The paper concludes by introducing the symposium papers and identifying their contributions to child welfare and human service research.
Review: antibiotics are moderately effective for acute otitis media in children.

Glasziou PP, Del Mar CB, Sanders SL, et al . Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(1):CD000219(latest version 25 Aug 2003). Q Are antibiotics effective in children with acute otitis media? ### ![Graphic][1] Data sources: Medline, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, Current Contents, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (to March 2003). ### ![Graphic][2] Study selection and assessment: randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared antimicrobial drugs with placebo in children with otitis media (without tympanostomy tubes). Methodological quality was assessed for randomisation method, blinding, control of selection bias after treatment assignment, and outcome assessment. ### ![Graphic][3] Outcomes: pain (severity and duration), hearing (tympanometry or audiometry test results), progression of symptoms (eg, vomiting, diarrhoea, or rash; and recurrence), and complications. 10 RCTs met the selection criteria, of which 8 included … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
TradeSmith: An Exercise to Demonstrate the Illusion of Control in Decision Making

Resource allocation decisions are a fundamental class of problems common throughout a business and therefore are found throughout business school curricula. Entrepreneurs must allocate capital, financiers must allocation cash, and production managers must create the best mix of multiple-use resources. Within this context, a business school's curriculum, instructional materials, and learning processes must consider the implications of individual decision making. Our traditional instructional content and delivery methods may effectively teach how to set up a decision “problem” and how to obtain an optimal answer. Yet, we may not be teaching a key underlying factor: that entrepreneurs, managers, and future leaders appear to have implicit cognitive biases, which discount information and skew individual decision making. The results of this study demonstrate that a phenomenon known as the “illusion of control” presents a fundamental challenge to the efficacy of formalized educational programs on decision making. TradeSmith was designed as a problem-based learning exercise to elicit for the illusion of control in a basic, resource allocation, decision environment. The subjects in this study demonstrate a decision-making pattern consistent with the “illusion of control” phenomenon. Finally, by revealing individuals' implicit design-making paradigms, TradeSmith helps them experience key issues for managerial decision making.
Section 504 and the Americans with Disabilities Act: Accommodating the Learning Disabled Student in the Foreign Language Curriculum (An Update).

This article — an examination of the special issues surrounding foreign language requirements for students classified as “learning disabled” — originally appeared in the Spring 1999 issue of the ADFL Bulletin (Sparks and Javorsky 1999a). It is reprinted here with the permission of the publisher.
Development of an intraoperative pathology consultation service at a free-standing ambulatory surgical center: clinical and economic impact for patients undergoing breast cancer surgery

Abstract Background Second surgeries represent a significant detriment to breast cancer patients. We examined the impact an intraoperative pathology consultation service had on multiple facets of breast cancer surgery. Methods We compared the 8 months before the establishment of a pathology laboratory, when intraoperative pathology consultation was not available, with the 8 months subsequent, when it was performed routinely. Results The average number of surgeries per patient decreased from 1.5 to 1.23, and the number of patients requiring one surgery increased from 59% to 80%. Re-excisions decreased from 26% to 9%. Frozen section allowed 93% of node-positive patients to avoid a second surgery for axillary lymph node dissection. A cost analysis showed savings between $400 and $600 per breast cancer patient, even when accounting for fewer axillary lymph node dissections based on the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 data. Conclusions Incorporation of routine intraoperative margin/sentinel lymph node assessment at an outpatient breast surgery center is feasible, and results in significant clinical benefit to the patient. Use of frozen section decreased both the time and cost required to treat patients.
Life history variation among female surfperches (Perciformes: Embiotocidae)

Life history variation within the family Embiotocidae is extensive and involves differences in age of first reproduction, fecundity schedules, growth rates, longevity and size of young. Based on maximum reported body lengths, there are three distinct size groups among the family's 23 species. Small species do not exceed 215 mm TL, medium-size species attain 275 to 335 mm TL, and the large species attain 380 to 470 mm TL. The longevity oh surfperches varies from two to ten years, growth is indeterminate, and females of the medium-and large-size groups may delay first reproduction beyond age one. With one exception, all species show increasing length-specific fecundities. The life history characteristics of females differ among the three size groups. Relative to smaller species, the largest species have moderately high fecundity, delayed maturity and long life. Medium-size species have low fecundity, may delay maturity for 1 to 3 years and have intermediate life spans. Small species have generally higher, but variable, fecundity, do not delay maturity, and are short lived. Among the small North American species, the trend in fecundity varies inversely with environmental predictability. Fecundity is highest in the species which occupies highly seasonal freshwater environments. Coastal species produce moderately large broods and species which occupy stable deep water environments produce the smallest broods.
Thermal stress effects on the surface durability of gear teeth

AbstractThe current standards and design relationships for the surface durability of gears are based on contact stress considerations. Thermal effects are considered only for scoring failures resulting from the destruction of the lubricating film owing to temperature rise. This paper investigates the effect of thermal shock and thermal stress cycling on pitting, micropitting and wear for different gear geometries, materials, operating conditions, machining processes and surface treatments. Because of the current interest in applying surface coating technology to gears, special attention is given to illustrating the potential benefits of this technology in improving the performance and extending the life of gears.