cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF FEMINIST VERSUS PSYCHOANALYTIC/DYNAMIC AND OTHER THERAPISTS ON SELF‐DISCLOSURE

The Feminist Self-Disclosure Inventory (FSDI) was developed to assess principles of therapist self-disclosure as described in the feminist therapy literature. This 18-item Likert-type scale was completed in a mailed survey by women psychotherapists (i.e., 41 self-identified feminist therapists, 34 psychoanalytic/dynamic, and 68 other therapists). Results indicated that the FSDI was comprised of five factors [i.e., Therapist Background (TB), Promotes Liberatory Feelings (PLF), Promotes Egalitarianism (PE), Therapist Availability (TA), and Empowering Client (EC)], and that the overall scale had excellent internal consistency and very satisfactory test-retest reliability. Also, feminist therapists endorsed FSDI factors significantly more than psychoanalytic/dynamic and other therapists with the greatest differences on items reflecting overall use of self-disclosure, disclosing sexual orientation, using disclosure to create egalitarianism, and encouraging the client's choice of a role model in the therapeutic relationship.
Feeding influences plasma cortisol levels during preweaning life in baboons

The effect of feeding on plasma cortisol concentrations was examined in neonate (preweaning), infant (postweaning), and adult baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Neonates were bottle fed four times daily, infants twice daily, and adults once daily. In neonates, plasma cortisol declined within 30 min after feeding. This decline in plasma cortisol was dependent on ingestion of formula and was independent of the time of feeding. During the day, cortisol fluctuations were synchronized with feeding times: peak levels occurred before feeding and trough levels occurred 30-60 min after feeding. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) declined within 30 min after feeding but returned to prefeeding levels at 60 min after feeding and did not exhibit significant variation associated with feeding times as did cortisol. The decline in plasma cortisol after feeding in neonates was delayed with increasing age. By 18 wk, the feed-related decline in plasma cortisol was delayed until 60 min after feeding compared with 30 min at age of 8 wk. After weaning, the decline in plasma cortisol after feeding was delayed until 90 min, and there was no effect of feeding in the afternoon on plasma cortisol. Finally, there was no significant decline at all in adult baboons greater than 6 yr of age. These results demonstrate plasma cortisol concentration is associated with feeding in neonates fed formula. The cortisol-feeding rhythm changes before weaning, and after weaning it begins to disappear, until it is completely absent in adults.
Accelerating Yield Ramp through Real-Time Testing

With the increasing need for design specific yield optimization in nanometer technologies, it is becoming increasingly important to accelerate the identification of the root cause of systematic defects under very tight test cost constraints. This talk will give a high level overview of addressing these demanding challenges through a mix of cross-disciplinary EDA technologies spanning scan diagnostics, DFT, ATPG, BIST, DFM and real-time monitoring from ATE systems.
Defining restoration targets for water depth and salinity in wind-dominated Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. coastal marshes

summary Coastal wetlands provide valued ecosystem functions but the sustainability of those functions often is threatened by artificial hydrologic conditions. It is widely recognized that increased flooding and salinity can stress emergent plants, but there are few measurements to guide restoration, management, and mitigation. Marsh flooding can be estimated over large areas with few data where winds have little effect on water levels, but quantifying flooding requires hourly measurements over long time periods where tides are wind-dominated such as the northern Gulf of Mexico. Estimating salinity of flood water requires direct daily measurements because coastal marshes are characterized by dynamic salinity gradients. We analyzed 399,772 hourly observations of water depth and 521,561 hourly observations of water salinity from 14 sites in Louisiana coastal marshes dominated by Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. Unlike predicted water levels, observed water levels varied monthly and annually. We attributed those observed variations to variations in river runoff and winds. In stable marshes with slow wetland loss rates, we found that marsh elevation averaged 1 cm above mean high water, 15 cm above mean water, and 32 cm above mean low water levels. Water salinity averaged 3.7 ppt during April, May, and June, and 5.4 ppt during July, August, and September. The daily, seasonal, and annual variation in water levels and salinity that were evident would support the contention that such variation be retained when designing and operating coastal wetland management and restoration projects. Our findings might be of interest to scientists, engineers, and managers involved in restoration, management, and restoration in other regions where S. patens or similar species are common but local data are unavailable.
Whither whole brain radiotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma

Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is usually avoided in the initial treatment of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Although efficacious, combined modality therapy has been abandoned by most physicians due to reports of neurotoxicity in patients who received it. WBRT has been so vilified that many physicians will not even consider it when a patient has primary chemorefractory disease. It is time to review this approach and clarify the potential role of WBRT in patients with PCNSL.
Model analysis of the anisotropic angular motion in liquid methylene bromide

Abstract Carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation times and nuclear Overhauser enhancements were measured in neat dibromomethane as a function of temperature. Derived C-H correlation times were observed to increase with decreasing temperature. Various theoretical models were utilized to predict the temperature dependence of the correlation times. It was found that the extended diffusion model of inertially controlled reorientation was superior in predicting the temperature behavior of the reorientating vector. Bromine relaxation times were also calculated and were found to be consistent with accepted values.
Pelvic inflammatory disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the clinical course of pelvic inflammatory disease differs between women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and seronegative controls. METHODS: All admissions for acute pelvic inflammatory disease from January 1, 1986 to December 31, 1992 at San Francisco General Hospital were reviewed, identifying 23 HIV-seropositive women. Their clinical course was compared with a control group of 108 seronegative women admitted for acute pelvic inflammatory disease. RESULTS: Human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive women with acute pelvic inflammatory disease had significantly lower abdominal tenderness scores (P < .05), lower admission and discharge white blood cell counts (WBC) (P < .01, P < .05), and fewer gonococcal infections (odds ratio 0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1-0.9; P < .05) than the seronegative controls. There were no significant differences in duration of treatment, length of hospitalization, or incidence of tubo-ovarian abscess. Significantly more HIV-positive women with acute pelvic inflammatory disease required surgical intervention than seronegative women (odds ratio 5.5, 95% CI 1.0-29.3; P < .05). CONCLUSION: Human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive women with acute pelvic inflammatory disease may have an altered immune response, resulting in inadequate response to antimicrobial agents and the need for more surgical intervention. Future studies must include larger numbers of HIV-infected women, and the results must be stratified for CD4 counts, clinical HIV stage, and other measures of immunocompromise.
Systemic Training for Healthcare Professionals: The Chicago Center for Family Health Approach

There has been increasing interest in family-centered, collaborative, biopsychosocial models of care by health and mental health professionals and consumers. This trend has led to growing demand and development of specialized training in family systems approaches to health care. This article describes the Families, Illness, and Collaborative Healthcare programs developed at the University of Chicago affiliate, the Chicago Center for Family Health. The program philosophy is guided by the following principles: a systems orientation focused on the family, a Family Systems Illness Model, a family resilience framework, a family-centered collaborative model of health care, and a social justice and advocacy orientation. Specific training components that implement these principles are described, including intensive certificate and fellowships; workshops, conferences, and institutes; and consultation and training services for community-based organizations. Discussion includes professional networking opportunities, funding challenges, and policy recommendations.
Mammographic density and risk of breast cancer by age and tumor characteristics

Understanding whether mammographic density (MD) is associated with all breast tumor subtypes and whether the strength of association varies by age is important for utilizing MD in risk models. Data were pooled from six studies including 3414 women with breast cancer and 7199 without who underwent screening mammography. Percent MD was assessed from digitized film-screen mammograms using a computer-assisted threshold technique. We used polytomous logistic regression to calculate breast cancer odds according to tumor type, histopathological characteristics, and receptor (estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)) status by age ( 51%) versus average density (11-25%). Women ages 2.1 cm) versus small tumors and positive versus negative lymph node status (P’s < 0.01). For women ages <55 years, there was a stronger association of MD with ER-negative breast cancer than ER-positive tumors compared to women ages 55–64 and ≥65 years (Page-interaction = 0.04). MD was positively associated with both HER2-negative and HER2-positive tumors within each age group. MD is strongly associated with all breast cancer subtypes, but particularly tumors of large size and positive lymph nodes across all ages, and ER-negative status among women ages <55 years, suggesting high MD may play an important role in tumor aggressiveness, especially in younger women.
Current Best Evidence: A Review of the Literature On Umbilical Cord Clamping

Immediate clamping of the umbilical cord can reduce the red blood cells an infant receives at birth by more than 50%, resulting in potential short-term and long-term neonatal problems. Cord clamping studies from 1980 to 2001 were reviewed. Five hundred thirty-one term infants in the nine identified randomized and nonrandomized studies experienced late clamping, ranging from 3 minutes to cessation of pulsations, without symptoms of polycythemia or significant hyperbilirubinemia. Higher red blood cell flow to vital organs in the first week was noted, and term infants had less anemia at 2 months and increased duration of early breastfeeding. In seven randomized trials of preterm infants, benefits associated with delayed clamping in these infants included higher hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, blood pressure, and blood volume, with better cardiopulmonary adaptation and fewer days of oxygen and ventilation and fewer transfusions needed. For both term and preterm infants, few, if any, risks were associated with delayed cord clamping. Longitudinal studies of infants with immediate and delayed cord clamping are needed.
Solid-phase Phosphorus Pools in Highly Organic Carbonate Sediments of Northeastern Florida Bay

Currently, few studies have investigated sediment phosphorus (P) pools or identified the chemical processes important in the P cycle of fine-grained carbonate sediments, particularly in coastal estuaries with high organic matter. To determine the role of fine-grain calcium carbonate and high organic matter on sedimentary P, we investigated the solid-phase P pools in seagrass sediments of north-eastern (NE) Florida Bay at the bay–mangrove ecotone. Sediments were fractionated by sequential extractions into seven chemically-defined groups: exchangeable inorganic and organic P, reducible inorganic and organic P (Fe-bound), acid extractable inorganic and organic P (Ca-bound), and residual organic P. Calcium-bound P accounted for approximately 56% of total P and 96% of inorganic P. Our total calcium-bound P was in the range (34–151 gPg 1 ) reported for coarse-grained low organic sediments, while the organic P associated with this fraction was slightly (10%) higher than those reported for other carbonate systems. The second dominant P fraction was residual organic P (30–71 gPg 1 ) accounting for 42% of TP. This high residual pool suggests the importance of fringing mangrove and seagrass detritus in long-term P storage. In contrast to temperate estuaries, the iron-bound P fraction in NE Florida Bay sediments was low (<70 gg 1 ) at the surface and undetectable (<1 gg 1 ) below 10 cm. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that carbonate chemisorption reactions, along with potential reactive organic surfaces, and the sequestering of P into recalcitrant organic pools, maintain low exchangeable and pore-water P concentrations across the NE Florida Bay estuary, and account for the reported autotrophic P-limitation. 2001 Academic Press
Intelligent mapping of communicating processes in distributed computing systems

In this paper we present TEACHER 4.1, a system for designing automa tically heuristics that map a set of communi­ cating processes on a real-time distributed computing system. The problem of optimal process mapping is NP-hard and involv es the optimal placement of processes on the distributed system and the optimal routing of messages from one computer to another. The des ign of efficient and robust heuristics is often ad hoc and is guided by intuition and experience of the designers. In this paper we develop a statistical method to explore systema tically the space of possible heuristics for pro­ cess mapping. The method operates under a specified time constraint and intends to get the best possible heuristics while trading between the sol ution qualit y and the execution time of the process mapping heuristics. Our prototype for process mapping is extended from post-game analysis, a system that uses a set of user-specified rules for generating new mappings. It tunes parameters of these rules and proposes new heuristics for process mapping. Simulations show that there is significant improvement in performance through systematic and automatic exploration of the space of heuris tics.
Selected Contribution: Estrogen receptor-α gene transfer inhibits proliferation and NF-κB activation in VSM cells from female rats

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that hormone replacement therapy with estrogen (E2) or E2 plus progesterone in postmenopausal women decreases the age-associated risk of cardiovascular disease by 30-50%. Treatment of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells with physiological concentrations of E2 has been shown to inhibit growth factor-stimulated cell proliferation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that E2 inhibits the age-associated increase in VSM cell proliferation by inhibiting nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway. We investigated the effects of E2 treatment and adenovirus-mediated estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha gene transfer on cell proliferation and NF-kappaB activation using VSM cells cultured from 3-mo-old and 24-mo-old Fischer 344 female rats. Our results demonstrate that VSM cell proliferation was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in aged compared with young adult female rats. Treatment of VSM cells with physiological concentrations of E2 inhibited VSM cell proliferation, and this inhibition was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in cells from aged female rats compared with young adults. The inhibitory effects of E(2) on cell proliferation in aged female rats were significantly potentiated by overexpression of the human ER-alpha gene into VSM cells. Constitutive and interleukin (IL)-1beta-stimulated NF-kappaB activation was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in VSM cells from aged compared with young female rats. E2 treatment of VSM cells from aged female rats inhibited both constitutive and IL-1beta-stimulated NF-kappaB activation. ER-alpha gene transfer into VSM cells from aged female rats further augmented the inhibitory effects of E2. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that constitutive and IL-1beta-stimulated NF-kappaB activation is increased in VSM cells from aged female rats due to loss of E2 and this can be restored back to normal levels by ER-alpha gene transfer and E2 treatment. In addition, increased NF-kappaB signaling may be responsible for increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal females.
UV Induces Phosphorylation of Protein Kinase B (Akt) at Ser-473 and Thr-308 in Mouse Epidermal Cl 41 Cells through Hydrogen Peroxide*

Abstract The exposure of mammalian cells to UV irradiation leads to the activation of transcription factors and protein kinases, which are believed to be responsible for the carcinogenic effects of excessive sun exposure. The present study investigated the effect of UV exposure on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation in epidermal cells and determined if a relationship exists between these UV responses. Exposure of mouse epidermal JB6 Cl 41 cells to UV radiation led to specific phosphorylation of Akt at Ser-473 and Thr-308 in a time-dependent manner. This phosphorylation was confirmed by the observation that overexpression of Akt mutant, Akt-T308/S473A, attenuated phosphorylation of Akt at Ser-473 and Thr-308. UV radiation also generated ROS as measured by electron spin resonance (ESR) in JB6 Cl 41 cells. The generation of ROS by UV radiation was measured further by H2O2 and O⨪2 fluorescence staining assays. The mechanism of ROS generation involved reduction of molecular oxygen to O⨪2, which generated H2O2 through dismutation. H2O2 produced ⋅OH via a metal-independent pathway. The scavenging of UV-generated H2O2 byN-acety-l-cyteine (NAC, a general antioxidant) or catalase (a specific H2O2 inhibitor) inhibited Akt phosphorylation at Ser-473 and Thr-308, whereas the pretreatment of cells with sodium formate (an ⋅OH radical scavenger) or superoxide dismutase (an O⨪2 radical scavenger) did not show any inhibitory effects. Furthermore, treatment of cells with H2O2 increased UV-induced phosphorylation of Akt at Ser-473 and Thr-308. These results demonstrate that UV radiation generates a whole spectrum of ROS including O⨪2, ⋅OH, and H2O2 and induces phosphorylation of Akt at Ser-473. Among the various ROS, H2O2 seems most potent in mediating UV-induced phosphorylation of Akt at Ser-473 and Thr-308. It is possible that Akt may play a role in the carcinogenesis effects by UV radiation.
Infant and child mortality in rural Egypt—a reply

We are grateful to Dr Bittles for his comment calling attention to an important biosocial variable namely the biological relationship between spouses and agree that this variable should be incorporated in analyses of infant and early childhood mortality in those societies where consanguineous marriages are common. In fact the Egyptian data that were analyzed (the 1980 Egyptian Fertility Survey) contain a measure of the biological relationship between spouses. In preliminary analyses no significant effect of this variable was detected as coded on infant or early childhood mortality and thus the variable was dropped from the final equations. However the use of this variable was not informed by an understanding of genetics so by no means should these empirical results be taken as the final word. We second Dr Bittles recommendation that information on the biological relationship between spouses be collected and subjected to systematic analysis. More research is needed on the role of genetics in determining human health and survival. (full text)
Photon antibunching from a single semiconductor quantum dot at room temperature

Summary form only given. We report the first experimental observation of photon antibunchirig from i i single CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QU), at room temperature. This result proves that a CclSc/ZnS QD bchaves as a two-level system even at room temperature. The samples were prepared by spin-casting one drop of a N 0.5 nM solution of CdSe/ZnS QDs dissolved in hexanes oiito a glass coverslip. The QDs arc excited by the 488 nm line of a cw-Ar+ laser, generating the electron-hole pairs in the excit,etl states.
The Survival of Starter Organisms in Concentrated Suspensions

Summary: Two representative lactic acid bacteria were grown in a rich organic medium, the cells were harvested by centrifugation, and the organisms were suspended in skimmilk at concentrations of 25–55 × 109/ml. The pH was adjusted to different values and the suspensions were stored, with and without the addition of 20% (v/v) glycerol, at 4° and - 20°. Both organisms survived better at pH 7°0 than at pH 5°0. Glycerol protected the cells at the lower pH value but offered no benefit at neutrality. At 4° about half the cells died within 5 or 6 weeks. At - 20°, however, there was no appreciable loss of viability or acid producing ability up to 9 months at pH 7°0. Suspensions stored for 9 months at - 20° produced excellent cultured buttermilk within the normal incubation period from an inoculum comparable to that used for a fresh culture. Cells harvested early in the maximum stationary phase of the growth cycle were more active than older cells, and they survived better than older cells during storage in the frozen state.
Near-Patient Rapid Assay of Phenytoin Concentration

The Biotrack 516 is a simple, automated whole blood phenytoin (PHT) assay that reports corresponding total serum concentrations in 3 min. We compared Biotrack results in 58 patients with the total and unbound serum PHT concentrations measured by the standard TDx fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Correlation with total TDx concentration was high (r = 0.98); median absolute error was 1.4 micrograms/ml. Correlation of unbound PHT with Biotrack (r = 0.95) was comparable to correlation of unbound and total TDx (r = 0.94). The Biotrack assay is a promising method for clinical monitoring of PHT concentrations.
SINGLE BOOK REVIEWS

Deadly Dances in the Bornean Rainforest: Hunting Knowledge of the Penan Benalui. Rajindra K. Puri. Leiden. the Netherlands: KITLV Press, 2006. 408 pp.
A Portable Factory: Experiential Learning of Manufacturing Concepts

ABSTRACT: Decision makers in every business discipline need to understand the manufacturing process. Because most business students lack manufacturing experience, use of a portable classroom factory provides a visible representation that enhances their learning of concepts that are otherwise abstract. When learning REA (Resources-Events-Agents) accounting systems, manufacturing constructs such as machine operation, labor operation, and labor type are often difficult for students to differentiate. This paper describes a classroom exercise in which the classroom is turned into a temporary factory to produce laminated bookmarks and in the process make concrete those abstract concepts. The contribution to accounting information systems education is a rich classroom experience that can be used to enhance student understanding of the manufacturing process for REA accounting systems. Also included are discussions of potential applications for cost/managerial accounting and to a lesser extent for operations manag...
Improving Student Problem Solving in Narrative-Centered Learning Environments: a Modular Reinforcement Learning Framework

Narrative-centered learning environments comprise a class of game-based learning environments that embed problem solving in interactive stories. A key challenge posed by narrative-centered learning is dynamically tailoring story events to enhance student learning. In this paper, we investigate the impact of a data-driven tutorial planner on students’ learning processes in a narrative-centered learning environment, Crystal Island. We induce the tutorial planner by employing modular reinforcement learning, a multi-goal extension of classical reinforcement learning. To train the planner, we collected a corpus from 453 middle school students who used Crystal Island in their classrooms. Afterward, we investigated the induced planner’s impact in a follow-up experiment with another 75 students. The study revealed that the induced planner improved students’ problem-solving processes—including hypothesis testing and information gathering behaviors—compared to a control condition, suggesting that modular reinforcement learning is an effective approach for tutorial planning in narrative-centered learning environments.
The antipathy of black nationalism: Behavioral and attitudinal implications of an African American ideology

ideology. Controlling for the effects of age, demographic factors, social identity, and measurement artifacts, a strong black nationalist ideology is associated with greater disaffection toward whites, but not toward gays, black conservatives, lesbians, middle-class blacks, or feminists. A black nationalist belief system also correlates with intense perceptions of racism in society and less support for systemic means for combating per? ceived racial injustice. One of the striking themes in the scholarly literature on national ism is that nationalism is both a curse and a blessing. It promotes a sense of identity, acknowledges the legitimacy of different cul? tures and histories, brings awareness to injustice and oppression, is a psy? chological mechanism used to defend against such injustice, and it ex? presses a legitimation of common legal and human rights, obligations, and failings of existing institutions (Smith 1991). Yet, nationalism is a curse in that it breeds political and social intolerance and conflict (Brass 1991; Brown 1993; Dandeker 1998; Diamond and Plattner 1994; Lake and Rothchild 1996). As the level of group consciousness?political, cultural, economic, social, territorial, or religious?crystallizes into a desire for selfrealization or in reaction to exploitation, inequality, or injustice, support for basic human and democratic rights tends to disappear and is replaced by a more minacious view of outside groups, members of the dominant culture, and the political system. Previous research shows some support for the relationship between nationalism and intolerance. Marx (1967) found that black nationalists were almost twice as likely to express anti-Semitic, including anti-white, sentiments than any other civil rights group and they were the most intol? erant. Nationalists were also seen as less militant but also more reserved in acting on their beliefs. Gurin, Hatchett, and Jackson (1989) show that black nationalism is related to the rejection of whites, and it is the most important determinant of a black political voice. Recent research by Gibson and Gouws (2000), investigating the political consequences of so? cial identity, shows that a strong group or social identity leads to intoler? ance. Social identity does not lead to antipathy per se, but instead indi? viduals with a heightened group identity, such as that involved in the development of nationalism and national identity formation, develop atti? tudes that foster intolerance. Individuals who strongly believe in their
The effect of instruction on a bi-polar scale

The problem of this study was to test the effect of instruction on a possible bi-polar scale. One-hundred Ss were tested on a group of 66 words, which in previous testing were judged as belonging to the concept “economic” for 40–60% of the judgments. One group of Ss was given the instruction to respond “yes” if the word belonged to the concept economic, while the other group was instructed to respond “no” when the words did not belong to the concept “economic.” It was hypothesized that by emphasizing the positive end of the scale, more words might be perceived as belonging than if Ss were set for the negative end of the scale. The results show no significant difference with the two sets.
Plasma Assisted MILD Combustion

A new test platform for plasma assisted MILD combustion is developed. The burner consists of three coaxial channels: a center fuel jet, a coflowing dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor, and a vitiated air section. The preheating burner upstream of the vitiated air section enables an increase of the oxidizer temperature up to 1300 K near the exit of the fuel jet nozzle. A nanosecond repetitively pulsed (NRP) DBD is formed surrounding the exit of the fuel jet nozzle, and the effect of the plasma discharge on the MILD combustion regime is investigated in a highly diluted CH4/air mixture. We successfully observe an extension of the MILD combustion regime by applying the plasma discharge at a significantly low preheating temperature of 1050 K. The changes of flame shapes and species distributions with/without plasma discharge are also investigated. A gas chromatography system is used to evaluate the effect of the plasma discharge on the species distribution after the plasma reactor section. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are also carried out to understand and gain an insight into the mixing layer interactions with and without the plasma. Based on the species profile data and supported by the CFD simulations, we find that the reforming of a portion of the methane/air mixture at the exit of the fuel jet into intermediate species can have a significant impact on the ignition time scale. In addition, flow perturbations owing to the large density gradient induced by prompt gas heating in the plasma has a significant impact on the mixing process in the fuel jet. Thus, we demonstrate the potential of the newly developed experimental apparatus to advance our understanding of plasma assisted MILD combustion.
When estimating reachability in space, young children and the elderly are similar

This study examined the age-related ability to mentally represent action in the context of reach estimation via use of motor imagery in children, young adults, and a group of older adults. Participants were instructed to estimate whether randomly presented targets in peripersonal (within actual reach) and extrapersonal (beyond reach) space were within or out of reach of their dominant limb while seated. In regard to total accuracy, results indicated that children and older adults were similar, but scores were significantly lower than those of young adults. Whereas all groups displayed greater error in extrapersonal space, once again children and older adults were similar, but significantly different than young adults. That is, children and older adults displayed greater overestimation responses. Although other factors are discussed, the literature provides a hint that differences are due in part to distinctions in brain structure and functioning. .
Study on process of surface-manufacturing nitride-diaphragm sensor

A nitride-diaphragm sensor with polysilicon piezoresistors is introduced.The sensor is manufactured with two different surface-micromachined processes,and the result indicates the improved process is better.The resistance error of Wheatstone bridge is decreased because every bridge is made up with four series-wound resistance on a diaphragm arranged symmetrically.Sample is made and the characteristic of voltage output is tested.The results show that the linearity of voltage output of the sensor is good when the sensor is supplied with invariable current.The sensor has self-protection ability when overloaded.
Influence of connected and autonomous vehicles on traffic flow stability and throughput

The introduction of connected and autonomous vehicles will bring changes to the highway driving environment. Connected vehicle technology provides real-time information about the surrounding traffic condition and the traffic management center’s decisions. Such information is expected to improve drivers’ efficiency, response, and comfort while enhancing safety and mobility. Connected vehicle technology can also further increase efficiency and reliability of autonomous vehicles, though these vehicles could be operated solely with their on-board sensors, without communication. While several studies have examined the possible effects of connected and autonomous vehicles on the driving environment, most of the modeling approaches in the literature do not distinguish between connectivity and automation, leaving many questions unanswered regarding the implications of different contemplated deployment scenarios. There is need for a comprehensive acceleration framework that distinguishes between these two technologies while modeling the new connected environment. This study presents a framework that utilizes different models with technology-appropriate assumptions to simulate different vehicle types with distinct communication capabilities. The stability analysis of the resulting traffic stream behavior using this framework is presented for different market penetration rates of connected and autonomous vehicles. The analysis reveals that connected and autonomous vehicles can improve string stability. Moreover, automation is found to be more effective in preventing shockwave formation and propagation under the model’s assumptions. In addition to stability, the effects of these technologies on throughput are explored, suggesting substantial potential throughput increases under certain penetration scenarios.
The Reliability of a Novel Mobile 3-dimensional Wound Measurement Device.

BACKGROUND Objective assessment of wound dimensions is essential for tracking progression and determining treatment effectiveness. A reliability study was designed to establish intrarater and interrater reliability of a novel mobile 3-dimensional wound measurement (3DWM) device. METHODS Forty-five wounds were assessed by 2 raters using a 3DWM device to obtain length, width, area, depth, and volume measurements. Wounds were also measured manually, using a disposable ruler and digital planimetry. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to establish intrarater and interrater reliability. RESULTS High levels of intrarater and interrater agreement were observed for area, length, and width; ICC = 0.998, 0.977, 0.955 and 0.999, 0.997, 0.995, respectively. Moderate levels of intrarater (ICC = 0.888) and interrater (ICC = 0.696) agreement were observed for volume. Lastly, depth yielded an intrarater ICC of 0.360 and an interrater ICC of 0.649. Measures from the 3DWM device were highly correlated with those obtained from scaled photography for length, width, and area (ρ = 0.997, 0.988, 0.997, P < 0.001). The 3DWM device yielded correlations of ρ = 0.990, 0.987, 0.996 with P < 0.001 for length, width, and area when compared to manual measurements. CONCLUSION The 3DWM device was found to be highly reliable for measuring wound areas for a range of wound sizes and types as compared to manual measurement and digital planimetry. The depth and therefore volume measurement using the 3DWM device was found to have a lower ICC, but volume ICC alone was moderate. Overall, this device offers a mobile option for objective wound measurement in the clinical setting.
Risks of Plagiocephaly and Torticollis in Newborns

The incidence and characteristics of torticollis, plagiocephaly and facial asymmetry were evaluated prospectively by photographic analysis in 102 healthy newborn infants in a study at University of California, San Diego.
Internet of things with optical connectivity, networking, and beyond

Optical technologies play an important role in the Internet of Things networks, including providing high bandwidth connectivity, intelligent networking, and high sensitivity multi-phenomena sensing and imaging. Related optical technologies and IoT applications are discussed.
Focused ultrasonic projector

This paper reports on the design and fabrication of a novel transducer structure called ultrasonic projector. The concept of an ultrasonic projector is first introduced. Then, the design of basic functional prototypes is discussed and characterization results are shown. Finally the projector concept is extended to structure capable of producing a focused ultrasonic beam shape. Design and characterization will be discussed before concluding and opening on different other concepts that could be achieved with this projector concept.
A Function With Continuous Nonzero Derivative Whose Inverse Is Nowhere Continuous

SummaryA function with continuous nonzero derivative whose inverse is nowhere continuous is given. The function satisfies all the premises of the inverse function theorem except one: it is not defined on an open set.
"Were You Drunk at the Time”: The Influence of Parole Boards on Accounts and Neutralization Techniques in State Parole Hearings

This paper examines the collaborative nature of accounts and neutralization techniques that are employed in parole hearings. Prior research using neutralization theory has largely overlooked the role of other actors in the development of neutralizations, examining them through interviews or narratives where interaction is either scripted or limited and thus has little bearing on the production of such accounts. In contrast, this study evaluates real time interaction, examining how parole board members propose, respond to, and modify neutralizations issued by inmates seeking parole. Ethnographic observations of 438 regular parole and parole revocation hearings, videotapes of 40 such hearings from the larger corpus, and interviews with a state parole board demonstrate how accounts are shaped by interactions that may influence social control decision making and criminal justice outcomes.
The future of the Nile: climate change, land use, infrastructure management, and treaty negotiations in a transboundary river basin

The Nile is one of the world's major rivers; its basin is shared by 11 countries and is home to some 300 million people. This article reviews the multidisciplinary literature on the Nile to understand more about the outlook for this geopolitically significant river basin. I start by synthesizing the key results from recent climate change modeling studies, which show a warming trend for the basin, but considerable uncertainty regarding the direction of precipitation and streamflow change. I explore how different actors within the Nile Basin are perceiving and responding to climate change. Second, I look at the significance of land use, both to basin hydrology and as a driver of water demand. I highlight contemporary land use changes that could impact flows within the Nile Basin. Third, I examine the role of infrastructure in influencing the magnitude and temporality of flows along the river. I focus, in particular, on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, its projected impacts, and the concerns it has generated. Finally I explore the geopolitical context of the basin, and the ongoing conflict over water sharing agreements. I look at the treaty currently on the table, the Cooperative Framework Agreement, and the political issues it has raised. In bringing together this diverse literature, the article offers a timely and multifaceted insight into the varied factors that will shape the future of the Nile. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e449. doi: 10.1002/wcc.449 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
The University of North Carolina Medical Center pharmacy resident leadership certificate program

Purpose The development and implementation of a certificate program for pharmacy residents are described. Summary University of North Carolina (UNC) Medical Center met the call for increased efforts in the area of pharmacy residency leadership training through the design, implementation, and evaluation of a leadership certificate program. The purpose of the UNC certificate program is to develop leaders who will serve others, improve their communities, and advance the profession. The program is designed to (1) foster self-awareness, social awareness, and altruism, (2) provide transferable and individualized leadership experiences, (3) enrich other residency components through integration of leadership development opportunities, and (4) create role models for departmental leadership. A team of preceptors and residents implemented the certificate program by integrating program components into the existing pharmacy residency infrastructure. The certificate program includes required and flexible components to allow residents to set and achieve their determined leadership development goals. Overall, residents are satisfied with the program and perceive it as worthwhile. During the first 3 years since implementation of the certification initiative, program facilitators improved the feasibility of, participant engagement in, and sustainability of the program. Future directions include an effectiveness evaluation and a “scale-up” to other institutions. Conclusion The need for a pharmacy residency leadership certificate was met by designing, implementing, and evaluating such a program at UNC. Through its first 3 years, the program was feasible, sustainable, and valued by program participants.
Reusability in the real–time use of Ada

This paper presents our explorative work in software reusability in Ada. In order to demonstrate the reusable components, three application problems are solved by means of object–oriented programming using Ada.
Modeling Causal Relationships among Brain Areas in the Mesocorticolimbic System during Resting-State in Cocaine Users Utilizing a Graph Theoretic Approach.

Objective: While effective connectivity (EC, causal interaction) between brain areas has been investigated in chronic users of cocaine as they view cocaine pictures cues, no study has examined EC while they take part in a resting-state scan. This resting-state fMRI study aims to investigate the causal interaction among brain areas in the mesocorticolimbic system (MCLS), which is involved in reward and motivation, in cocaine users (vs. controls). Method: Twenty cocaine users and 17 healthy controls finished a structural and a resting-state scan. Mean voxel-based time series data were obtained from brain regions of interest (ROIs) from the MCLS, and were input into a Bayesian search algorithm called IMaGES. Results: The causal interaction pattern was different between the two groups. The feed-forward pattern found in cocaine smokers, between 7 ROIs of the MCLS during resting-state [ventral tegmental area (VTA)→hippocampus (HIPP)→ventral striatum (VenStri)→orbital frontal cortex (OFC), medial frontal cortex (MFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)], was absent in controls. That is, the subcortical VenStri area had a causal influence on four cortical brain areas only in cocaine users. Conclusions: During the resting-state scan, the VTA of cocaine smokers abstinent for at least 72 hours, but not controls, begins causal connections to limbic, midbrain, and frontal regions in the MCLS in a feed-forward manner. Following replication, further studies may assess if changes over time in EC during resting-state predict cocaine treatment efficacy and outcome.
Capabilities for Women Living with HIV: Linking Health Systems to Social Structure

This chapter investigates women’s opportunities to be healthy in a sample population of South African women living with HIV. Findings from the empirical research conducted in four public health facilities in two provinces of South Africa are presented. Themes are elaborated in the discussion section. These guiding questions are engaged: What do the findings tell us about the health and capabilities of the study population within South African social context? Do these South African women living with HIV meet the threshold level of capabilities? The analysis reveals a set of capability deprivations for black South African women living with HIV in the domains of life, bodily health, bodily integrity and control over their material environment.
Ghetto Kids Gone Good: Race, Representation, and Authority in the Scripting of Inner-City Youths in the Urban Debate League

Representations of black youths in both the news media and popular culture articulate and/or maintain race, class, and gender-based ideologies that demonize inner-city black youths. This essay interrogates the news media representations of educational reform efforts targeted at minority youths. The Urban Debate League (UDL), a non-profit education program targeted at inner-city youths of colar, serves as a case study for this investigation. Since the program's inception, media outlets have been drawn to the program as a human-interest story. I argue that the scripting techniques deployed by the news media rely on the use of racial stereotypes designed to scapegoat poor youths of color in an effort to redeem UDL students through their successful participation in the non-profit program. How news organizations script the bodies and life experiences of UDL participants may offer a critical space from which to interrogate race, gender, and class ideologies as they operate within educational discourse through n...
A study of the kinetics of ADP-triggered platelet shape change

The rapid transformation of human blood platelets from inert discoid cells to spheroechinocytes that is induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) has been followed by right-angle light scattering intensity measurements using a laser light source and a sensitive photomultiplier. Two steps have been observed, and their rate constants have been determined as a function of pH and [ADP] and in the presence and absence of calcium for both platelet-rich plasma and gel-filtered platelets. Both steps are significantly faster in the presence of physiologic levels of calcium. Platelets were fixed prior to and during activation, then examined by phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopy. The light scattering and morphological changes support a model in which, under physiologic conditions of pH, temperature, ionic strength, and calcium concentration, the initial rapid event in platelet shape change is the loss of discoid shape, with a decay time of two to three seconds, leading to an intermediate with short pseudopods. The slower extension of long pseudopods occurs next, with a time constant of approximately seven to eight seconds. These results may help to resolve the contradictory descriptions of the mechanism of platelet shape change that have recently appeared in the literature.