cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal Analysis of a High-Speed Aircraft Wing Using p-Version Finite Elements

This paper presents the results of conceptual level thermal analyses of a High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) wing using p-version finite elements. The work was motivated by a thermal analysis of a HSCT wing structure which showed the importance of radiation heat transfer throughout the structure. The analysis also showed that refining a traditional finite element mesh to accurately capture the temperature distribution on the internal structure led to very large meshes with unacceptably long execution times. Further study indicated using p-version finite elements might improve computation performance for this class of problem. Methods for determining internal radiation heat transfer were then developed and demonstrated on test problems representative of the geometry found in an aircraft wing structure. This paper presents the results of the application of these new methods to the analysis of a high speed aircraft wing. Results for both a wing box model as well as a full wing model are presented. 'Me reduced wing box model allows for a comparison of the traditional finite element method with mesh refinement (h-refinement) to the new p-version finite elements while the full wing model demonstrates the applicability and efficiency of p-version finite elements for large models.
The carpenter and the bricoleur

In this conversation with the editors, Saskia Sassen and Aihwa Ong reflect back on their different experiences of ‘thinking with assemblage’. They discuss the issue of deploying this approach as an analytic tactic to unveil the unseen and to unpack macro-categories. Referring back to some of their main works in the past few years, they remind us of the challenges of cross-disciplinary translation and the need for ‘untheoretical’ and grounded approaches even to global applications of the word ‘assemblage’. Reflecting on their respective differences, as a carpenter of social theory and and a bricoleur anthropologist, they consider the role of the assemblage theorists vis-a-vis one’s own assemblage of theory, field and theoretical assumptions.
Social Transmission of Superstitious Behavior in Preschool Children

The ability of instructions and peer modeling to engender responding that would be maintained under a response- independent schedule of reinforcement was investigated with preschool children. In Experiment 1, three children were instructed that a response-dependent schedule was operating and were then exposed to a multiple variable-time 15-s and extinction schedule (mult VT EXT). Responding was maintained with two of the three children for more than 20 sessions in the VT component, but was not maintained in the Ext component. A videotape was made of one subject in Experiment 1 responding in the VT component. This tape was then shown to five children in Experiment 2 prior to their first session of exposure to the mult schedule. With two of these subjects, responding was maintained in the VT component for more than 15 sessions, but was not maintained in Ext. Ten control subjects who did not receive instructions about any response dependency or view the videotape were also exposed to the mult schedule. These subjects generally did not exhibit any responding in either component, illustrating the functional significance of the instructions and peer modeling. The overall results suggest that superstitious behavior can be socially transmitted.
Anisakine Nematodes in Fresh Commercial Fish From Waters Along the Washington, Oregon and California Coasts

Two thousand and seventy four fresh fish representing 24 genera and 43 species were purchased from commercial marine fisheries in Washington, Oregon and California. They were examined for anisakine nematodes by dissection, candling or digestion of the muscle and elution of the viscera. Thirty thousand and thirty-two anisakine nematodes were recovered from the fish examined; however, no anisakine nematodes were recovered from the shellfish examined. Both Anisakis sp. and Phocanema sp., which are considered pathogens for human consumers of raw or semiraw fish, were encountered. Of the anisakines. Anisakis sp. larvae were found in a greater number of the fish hosts examined than Phocanema sp. larvae, which were found in fewer fish hosts and at lower incidence. The higher incidence of Anisakis sp. larvae was probably due to the large population of whales, the host in which this species reaches maturity. The lower incidence of Phocanema sp. larvae is a reflection of the small population of seals, the definitive host for this species.
3D Human Pose Estimation via Deep Learning from 2D Annotations

We propose a deep convolutional neural network for 3Dhuman pose and camera estimation from monocular imagesthat learns from 2D joint annotations. The proposed networkfollows the typical architecture, but contains an additionaloutput layer which projects predicted 3D joints onto2D, and enforces constraints on body part lengths in 3D.We further enforce pose constraints using an independentlytrained network that learns a prior distribution over 3Dposes. We evaluate our approach on several benchmarkdatasets and compare against state-of-the-art approachesfor 3D human pose estimation, achieving comparable performance.Additionally, we show that our approach significantlyoutperforms other methods in cases where 3Dground truth data is unavailable, and that our network exhibitsgood generalization properties.
Genetic Dissection of Heritable Traits in Yeast Using Bulk Segregant Analysis

Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) is commonly used to determine the genetic basis of complex traits in yeast. This technique involves phenotyping progeny from a cross and then selectively genotyping pooled subsets of offspring with extreme phenotypes. Analysis of these genotype data can identify loci that show skewed allele frequencies in a group of phenotypically extreme individuals and that are likely to contribute to a trait. BSA can be applied to diverse strain crosses, including ones involving nonreference isolates. Further, given the high throughput of next-generation sequencing, it is possible to conduct many BSA experiments in parallel. Here, we present a BSA protocol for the generation of recombinant cross progeny. We then describe general BSA strategies for conducting phenotyping, causal loci detection, and candidate gene identification in a statistically powerful manner.
Directional Asymmetry in Sociological Analyses

The authors present a straightforward method for assessing symmetry and asymmetry in the effect of an independent variable, on the basis of its direction of change, on a dependent variable in stati...
Effect of stochastic gating on channel-facilitated transport of non-interacting and strongly repelling solutes

Ligand- or voltage-driven stochastic gating-the structural rearrangements by which the channel switches between its open and closed states-is a fundamental property of biological membrane channels. Gating underlies the channel's ability to respond to different stimuli and, therefore, to be functionally regulated by the changing environment. The accepted understanding of the gating effect on the solute flux through the channel is that the mean flux is the product of the flux through the open channel and the probability of finding the channel in the open state. Here, using a diffusion model of channel-facilitated transport, we show that this is true only when the gating is much slower than the dynamics of solute translocation through the channel. If this condition breaks, the mean flux could differ from this simple estimate by orders of magnitude.
Reducing the Undervote With Vote by Mail

We study how ballot completion levels in Colorado responded to the adoption of universal vote by mail elections (VBM). VBM systems are among the most widespread and significant election reforms tha...
Fiduciary Law and Equity: Enforcing Loyalty

In this essay, I suggest that the combination of formal and remedial techniques that equity courts traditionally have applied to the problem of trustee loyalty is strongly oriented to deterrence. One consequence is that when loyalty and prudence conflict, primacy for loyalty is built into the structure of fiduciary law. It is open to courts to reduce the role of loyalty in trust law by softening the standards currently applied to trustees. A change of this type, however, would not be a minor adjustment in the law governing trustees, but would instead represent fundamental structural change.
Women in Horror Month Stalks the Academic Library: Highlighting Genre and Popular Culture Collections

University and college collections typically focus on academic texts, yet most institutions contain popular culture resources that are overlooked or relegated to leisure reading. Although highlight...
Developing an Interactive Data Visualization Tool to Assess the Impact of Decision Support on Clinical Operations

Due to mandates from recent legislation, clinical decision support (CDS) software is being adopted by radiology practices across the country. This software provides imaging study decision support for referring providers at the point of order entry. CDS systems produce a large volume of data, providing opportunities for research and quality improvement. In order to better visualize and analyze trends in this data, an interactive data visualization dashboard was created using a commercially available data visualization platform. Following the integration of a commercially available clinical decision support product into the electronic health record, a dashboard was created using a commercially available data visualization platform (Tableau, Seattle, WA). Data generated by the CDS were exported from the data warehouse, where they were stored, into the platform. This allowed for real-time visualization of the data generated by the decision support software. The creation of the dashboard allowed the output from the CDS platform to be more easily analyzed and facilitated hypothesis generation. Integrating data visualization tools into clinical decision support tools allows for easier data analysis and can streamline research and quality improvement efforts.
Testing neurophysiological markers related to fear-potentiated startle.

Abstract Fear-potentiated startle (FPS) paradigms provide insight into fear learning mechanisms that contribute to impairment among individuals with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Electrophysiology also has provided insight into these mechanisms through the examination of event-related potentials (ERPs) such as the P100 and LPP. It remains unclear, however, whether the P100 and LPP may be related to fear learning processes within the FPS paradigm. To this end, we tested differences in ERP amplitudes for conditioned stimuli associated (CS+) and not associated (CS-) with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) during fear acquisition. Participants included 54 female undergraduate students (mean age = 20.26). The FPS response was measured via electromyography of the orbicularis oculi muscle. EEG data were collected during the FPS paradigm. While the difference between CS+ and CS- P100 amplitude was not significant, LPP amplitudes were significantly enhanced following the CS+ relative to CS-. Furthermore, the LPP difference wave (CS+ minus CS-) was associated with FPS scores for the CS- during the later portion of fear acquisition. These findings suggest that conditioned stimuli may have altered emotional encoding (LPP) during the FPS paradigm. Thus, the LPP may be a promising neurophysiological marker that is related to fear learning processes.
Light Regulation and Localization of OEC-33 in Maize

The 33 kDa extrinsic protein of PSII (OEC-33) is synthesized in the cytoplasm as a 39 kDa precursor (1), is transported across the chloroplast envelope and thylakoid membrane and becomes attached to the inner surface of the thylakoid membrane (2). This protein, along with several other extrinsic and intrinsic polypeptides, forms the oxygen evolving complex of PSII; when the extrinsic proteins are removed from PSII particles by washing with alkaline Tris, oxygen evolution is abolished (2,3,4,5). Because OEC-33 is a component of PSII, we were interested in determining how closely the accumulation of this protein is coordinated with that of the intrinsic PSII proteins. We have isolated polyspecific antibodies against OEC-33 and have used the antiserum to determine the role of phytochrome and chlorophyll biosynthesis in the accumulation of this polypeptide in maize. During the course of these studies we have obtained information about the localization of OEC-33 in plants grown under conditions where several other components of PSII fail to accumulate.
Shared decision making: physicians' duties to patients and other physicians.

Resident physicians have a duty to patients when they suspect that an attending physician’s treatment decision has risks about which the patient is unaware. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
A study of English as a second language in general education classrooms

Citation only. At this time, full-text article is available only through licensed access provided by the publisher. Published in Multiple Voices for Ethnically Diverse Exceptional Learners, 10(1-2), 82-93.
Echo’s Bones and the Metamorphoses of the Voice

This article concentrates on the description of the demise of Echo in the Ovidian narrative of Echo and Narcissus in Metamorphoses 3. I argue that a pun in the line vox tantum atque ossa supersunt (3.398) encapsulates the problem at the heart of the myth: rather than being a reflection on the origins of the echo and the delusion of the senses, the myth of Echo is a meditation on the nature of the voice.
Calories in Context: Conceptual Metaphors and Consumers' Perception and Use of Calorie Information

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently made changes to the nutrition facts label so that calories will be emphasized over all other nutrient information (U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 2016a, August 3). In light of calories' increased visibility, strategic health communicators need to understand both how individuals perceive calorie information and how calories influence consumption decisions. Therefore, a qualitative study was conducted to analyze the metaphors that structure consumers' thoughts about calorie information and food choices. In-depth interviews were conducted with 34 women from diverse racial/ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. Through the interviews and subsequent thematic analysis, metaphors were gathered that explained perceptions of different kinds of calories and how calories function in the diet. Five conceptual metaphors were uncovered. The metaphors individuals used varied based on their eating paradigms, and the metaphors were related to different approaches to consumption decisions. The implications of using these different calorie metaphors for translational communication interventions are further discussed.
Nest defense behavior in colonies from crosses between Africanized and European honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae).

Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies with either European or Africanized queens mated to European or Africanized drones alone or in combination were tested for defensive behavior using a breath test. The most defensive colonies were those with European or Africanized queens mated to Africanized drones. In colonies where both European and Africanized patrilines existed, most of the workers participating in nest defense behavior for the first 30 s after a disturbance were of African patrilines. Nest defense behavior appears to be genetically dominant in honey bees.
Two Distinct Scene-Processing Networks Connecting Vision and Memory

A number of regions in the human brain are known to be involved in processing natural scenes, but the field has lacked a unifying framework for understanding how these different regions are organized and interact. We provide evidence from functional connectivity and meta-analyses for a new organizational principle, in which scene processing relies upon two distinct networks that split the classically defined parahippocampal place area (PPA). The first network of strongly connected regions consists of the occipital place area/transverse occipital sulcus and posterior PPA, which contain retinotopic maps and are not strongly coupled to the hippocampus at rest. The second network consists of the caudal inferior parietal lobule, retrosplenial complex, and anterior PPA, which connect to the hippocampus (especially anterior hippocampus), and are implicated in both visual and nonvisual tasks, including episodic memory and navigation. We propose that these two distinct networks capture the primary functional division among scene-processing regions, between those that process visual features from the current view of a scene and those that connect information from a current scene view with a much broader temporal and spatial context. This new framework for understanding the neural substrates of scene-processing bridges results from many lines of research, and makes specific functional predictions.
Exploratory study of alumina-on-alumina sliding contact in the presence of the chemical vapor aluminum tri-sec-butoxide

The purpose of this experiment is to explore whether the introduction of the chemical vapor aluminum tri-sec-butoxide, [C2H5CH(CH3)O]3Al (ATSB), into the boundary layer of an alumina-on-alumina sliding contact can reduce wear and friction. Since the efficacy of ATSB in the boundary layer might depend on other factors, a split-plot factorial experiment was conducted. The factors tested, in addition to the presence or absence of ATSB, were normal load, sliding speed, and surface roughness. The product of normal load and sliding distance was constant in these experiments. The main conclusions of the experiment are that ATSB has no statistically significant effect on specific wear, but that the presence of ATSB reduces friction by 21% at low sliding speed (0.02 m/s) and increases friction by 26% at high sliding speed (1.2 m/s). Secondary conclusions regarding the dependence of specific wear and friction on surface roughness, sliding speed and normal load also will be discussed.
Rapid cycle testing drives improved communication and satisfaction using in-person survey

Background Good communication with families improves safety and drives patient/family satisfaction. Rapid cycle improvement for the communication is difficult in our emergency department as current mailed surveys provide little and delayed data. We had two aims in this quality improvement study: (1) to increase proportion of families responding ‘always’ when asked if they received consistent communication from nurses and providers from 52% to 80% and (2) increase families reporting their visit as excellent, reflecting higher family satisfaction. Methods Key drivers of the consistent communication were determined using the model for improvement. Interventions focused on interprovider communication and parental knowledge of communication processes. Eight Plan-Do-Study-Act ramps were conducted focusing on each of the key drivers, with 1–10 cycles per ramp. A five-question in-person survey was conducted at the time of disposition by the research assistants. Process and outcome measures were tracked on the statistical process control charts. Results Mean percentage of families who reported always receiving consistent communication increased from 52% to 70% over 12 months. Additionally, families reporting their visit as ‘excellent’ increased from 62.5% to 75%. Using in-person surveys,weekly responses increased from 3 to 22. Conclusions Iterative processes to improve interprovider communication and inform families about their care led to improvement in families’ perceived communication consistency. Improved communication can lead to higher family satisfaction, most affecting those previously feeling neutral about their visit. In-person surveys can inform the real-time improvement efforts.
CMed: Crowd Analytics for Medical Imaging Data

We present a visual analytics framework, CMed, for exploring medical image data annotations acquired from crowdsourcing. CMed can be used to visualize, classify, and filter crowdsourced clinical data based on a number of different metrics such as detection rate, logged events, and clustering of the annotations. CMed provides several interactive linked visualization components to analyze the crowd annotation results for a particular video and the associated workers. Additionally, all results of an individual worker can be inspected using multiple linked views in our CMed framework. We allow a crowdsourcing application analyst to observe patterns and gather insights into the crowdsourced medical data, helping him/her design future crowdsourcing applications for optimal output from the workers. We demonstrate the efficacy of our framework with two medical crowdsourcing studies: polyp detection in virtual colonoscopy videos and lung nodule detection in CT thin-slab maximum intensity projection videos. We also provide experts’ feedback to show the effectiveness of our framework. Lastly, we share the lessons we learned from our framework with suggestions for integrating our framework into a clinical workflow.
Systematic Review of the Roost-Site Characteristics of North American Forest Bats: Implications for Conservation

Continued declines in North American bat populations can be largely attributed to habitat loss, disease, and wind turbines. These declines can be partially mitigated through actions that boost reproductive success; therefore, management aimed at promoting availability of high-quality roosting habitat is an important conservation goal. Following the principles of the umbrella species concept, if co-occurring species share similar roost-tree preferences, then management practices targeting one species may confer conservation benefits to another. We conducted a systematic review of roost-site characteristics of thirteen species inhabiting eastern temperate forests to: (1) synthesize existing knowledge across species; (2) assess niche overlap among co-occurring species; and (3) evaluate the potential for currently protected species to serve as conservation umbrellas. We performed multivariate ordination techniques to group species based on the seven most-reported roost-site characteristics, including tree species, diameter at breast height, tree health, roost type, tree height, canopy closure, and roost height. Species sorted into three roosting guilds: (1) southern wetland inhabitants; (2) foliage specialists; and (3) dead tree generalists. Myotis septentrionalis and Perimyotis subflavus had significant roost-niche overlap with five and four other species respectively, and their existing protections make them suitable umbrellas for other bats in the North American eastern temperate forests.
Analysis and solution of the unbalanced device voltage issue for SiC MOSFET based diode neutral point clamped converter

This paper investigates the unbalanced device voltage issue for SiC MOSFETs based Diode Neutral Point Clamped (DNPC) converter and proposes a snubber based solution to solve this problem. Compared with IGBT, the switching speed of wide band-gap power device SiC MOSFET is much faster. The drain to source voltages V ds of inner switches and outer switches in DNPC are much different due to the fast switching speed. The switching transients of power device in different modulations are analyzed to describe the relation between, parasitic parameters and switching speed . Based on the switching transient analysis, a snubber is applied to clamp the device voltage of inner switches in DNPC. 10kW DNPC bidirectional AC/DC converter is implemented with 1700V SiC devices to verify the analysis and solution.
Treatment of Immunocompromised COVID-19 patients with Convalescent Plasma.

Immunosuppressed patients such as solid organ transplant and hematologic malignancy patients appear to be at increased risk for morbidity and mortality due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Convalescent plasma, a method of passive immunization that has been applied to prior viral pandemics, holds promise as a potential treatment for COVID-19. Immunocompromised patients may experience more benefit from convalescent plasma given underlying deficits in B and T cell immunity as well as contraindications to antiviral and immunomodulatory therapy. We describe our institutional experience with four immunosuppressed patients (two kidney transplant recipients, one lung transplant recipient, and one chronic myelogenous leukemia patient) treated with COVID-19 convalescent plasma through the Expanded Access Program (NCT04338360). All patients clinically improved after administration (two fully recovered and two discharged to skilled nursing facilities) and none experienced a transfusion reaction. We also report the characteristics of convalescent plasma product from a local blood center including positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG and negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR in all samples tested. This preliminary evidence suggest that convalescent plasma may be safe among immunosuppressed patients with COVID-19 and emphasizes the need for further data on the efficacy of convalescent plasma as either primary or adjunctive therapy for COVID-19.
Uniqueness in Calderón's Problem for Conductivities with Unbounded Gradient

We prove uniqueness in the inverse conductivity problem for uniformly elliptic conductivities in \({W^{s,p}(\Omega)}\), where \({\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{n}}\) is Lipschitz, \({3\leq n \leq 6}\), and s and p are such that \({ W^{s,p}(\Omega)\not \subset W^{1,\infty}(\Omega)}\). In particular, we obtain uniqueness for conductivities in \({W^{1,n}(\Omega)}\) (n = 3, 4). This improves on the result of the author and Tataru, who assumed that the conductivity is Lipschitz.
NATF Cancer-Associated Thrombosis Project: Introduction

An outstanding group of medical oncologists, hematologists, cardiologists, and epidemiologists developed a series of manuscripts on management approaches for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐associated venous thromboembolism. This article introduces this multidisciplinary collaborative effort.
Application of Kriging and Variational Bayesian Monte Carlo method for improved prediction of doped UO2 fission gas release

Abstract One of the advanced nuclear fuel concepts for current commercial water-cooled reactors focuses on microstructural modification of UO2 fuel via dopants. Dopants can effectively promote grain growth and suppress fission gas release (FGR), a key parameter that dictates the overall nuclear fuel performance. This work improves the BISON FGR model for chromia/alumina-doped UO2 fuel through statistical calibration with in-reactor experimental data. The high computing cost and nonintrusive nature of BISON limit the application of conventional techniques under the Bayesian framework. Dimensionality reduction is performed using principal component analysis (PCA) to deal with the FGR time series data. Kriging is used as metamodel of BISON to reduce the computing cost. A novel optimization framework, Variational Bayesian Monte Carlo (VBMC) is demonstrated as a low-cost nonintrusive approach for Bayesian calibration. The performance of VBMC is compared to the conventional statistical Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling showing similar accuracy but superior efficiency.
Potential Effects of COVID-19 on Cytochrome P450-Mediated Drug Metabolism and Disposition in Infected Patients.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global health crisis since it was first identified in December 2019. In addition to fever, cough, headache, and shortness of breath, an intense increase in immune response-based inflammation has been the hallmark of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) virus infection. This narrative review summarizes and critiques pathophysiology of COVID-19 and its plausible effects on drug metabolism and disposition. The release of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukins, tumor necrosis factor α), also known as 'cytokine storm', leads to altered molecular pathophysiology and eventually organ damage in the lung, heart, and liver. The laboratory values for various liver function tests (e.g., alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, albumin) have indicated potential hepatocellular injury in COVID-19 patients. Since the liver is the powerhouse of protein synthesis and the primary site of cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated drug metabolism, even a minor change in the liver function status has the potential to affect the hepatic clearance of xenobiotics. It has now been well established that extreme increases in cytokine levels are common in COVID-19 patients, and previous studies with patients infected with non-SARS-CoV-2 virus have shown that CYP enzymes can be suppressed by an infection-related cytokine increase and inflammation. Alongside the investigational COVID-19 drugs, the patients may also be on therapeutics for comorbidities; especially epidemiological studies have indicated that individuals with hypertension, hyperglycemia, and obesity are more vulnerable to COVID-19 than the average population. This complicates the drug-disease interaction profile of the patients as both the investigational drugs (e.g., remdesivir, dexamethasone) and the agents for comorbidities can be affected by compromised CYP-mediated hepatic metabolism. Overall, it is imperative that healthcare professionals pay attention to the COVID-19 and CYP-driven drug metabolism interactions with the goal to adjust the dose or discontinue the affected drugs as appropriate.
Political Conduct and the First Amendment

The First Amendment’s primary constitutional role is to defend our nation’s commitment to the collective project of self-governance. Sadly, a singular preoccupation with speech in First Amendment jurisprudence has culminated in a construction of the amendment that operates to the detriment of democracy. Attached to a thin, discursive conception of self-governance that emphasizes political discussion over political participation, the Court fails to shield conduct that is vital to political accountability, responsiveness, and change—even when explicitly protected. But contemporary First Amendment doctrine does more to undermine democracy. It also undermines the capacity of legislatures to serve their most basic constitutional function—reaching provisional decisions on contested values. None of this is necessary. Properly construed and consistent with its classic liberal commitments, the First Amendment can do better to promote self-governance and to protect the democratic process. This Article explains how a more nuanced account of the First Amendment’s relationship to self-governance can get us there. The three main pillars of the new account are: protection for political conduct; recognition of a strong anti-entrenchment norm; and a better appreciation of the significance of drawing a distinction between the domain of governance and the domain of politics in First Amendment jurisprudence.
Does the legacy of historical thinning treatments foster resilience to bark beetle outbreaks in subalpine forests

Promoting ecological resilience to increasing disturbance activity is a key management priority under warming climate. Across the Northern Hemisphere, tree mortality from widespread bark beetle outbreaks raises concerns for how forest management can foster resilience to future outbreaks. Density reduction (i.e., thinning) treatments can increase vigor of remaining trees, but the longevity of treatment efficacy for reducing susceptibility to future disturbance remains a key knowledge gap. Using one of the longest-running replicated experiments in old-growth subalpine forests, we measured stand structure following a recent (early 2000s) severe mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak to examine the legacy of historical (1940s) thinning treatments on two components of resilience. We asked: 'How did historical thinning intensity affect (1) tree-scale survival probability and stand-scale survival proportion (collectively "resistance" to outbreak) for susceptible trees (lodgepole pine [Pinus contorta] ≥ 12 cm diameter) and (2) post-outbreak stand successional trajectories?' Overall outbreak severity was high (MPB killed 59% of susceptible individuals and 78% of susceptible basal area), and historical thinning had little effect on tree-scale and stand-scale resistance. Tree-scale survival probability decreased sharply with increasing tree diameter and did not differ from the control (uncut stands) in the historical thinning treatments. Stand-scale proportion of surviving susceptible trees and basal area did not differ from the control in historically thinned stands, except for treatments that removed nearly all susceptible trees, in which survival proportion approximately doubled. Despite limited effects on resistance to MPB outbreak, the legacy of historical treatments shifted dominance from large-diameter to small-diameter lodgepole pine by the time of outbreak, resulting in historically thinned stands with ˜2× greater post-outbreak live basal area than control stands. MPB-driven mortality of large-diameter lodgepole pine in control stands and density-dependent mortality of small-diameter trees in historically thinned stands led to convergence in post-outbreak live tree stand structure. One exception was the heaviest historical thinning treatments (59-77% basal area removed), for which sapling dominance of shade-tolerant, unsusceptible conifers was lower than control stands. After six decades, thinning treatments have had minimal effect on resistance to bark beetle outbreaks, but leave persistent legacies in shaping post-outbreak successional trajectories.
Data-Plane Security Applications in Adversarial Settings.

High-speed programmable switches have emerged as a promising building block for developing performant data-plane applications. In this paper, we argue that the resource constraints and programming model in hardware switches has led to developers adopting problematic design patterns, whose security implications are not widely understood. We bridge the gap by identifying the major challenges and common design pitfalls in switch-based applications in adversarial settings. Examining six recently-proposed switch-based security applications, we find that adversaries can exploit these design pitfalls to completely bypass the protection these applications were designed to provide, or disrupt system operations by introducing collateral damage.
ORGANIC MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL DATA STORAGE

The different modes of optical data storage are defined, and a review of write once optical storage is presented, including the basic recording mechanisms, the fundamental optical design of the required apparatus, and the materials requirements necessary for commercially successful media. The advantages of organic materials as the active recording layer in optical media are described. In the second part of the paper, recent developments at Hoechst Celanese using specifically designed and synthesized silicon naphthalocyanine materials as data storage layers are described. Recording performance, environmental stability, and comparison with other write once media are presented.
Utilization of arginine as an energy source for the growth of Streptococcus faecalis.

Deibel, R. H. (American Meat Institute Foundation, Chicago, Ill.). Utilization of arginine as an energy source for the growth of Streptococcus faecalis. J. Bacteriol. 87:988–992. 1964.—Although both Streptococcus faecalis and S. faecium (and its variety durans) hydrolyze arginine, the utilization of this amino acid as an energy source appears to have taxonomic utility, as only S. faecalis and its varieties can couple the resultant energy with growth processes. Utilization of arginine by S. faecalis in a semisynthetic, casein-hydrolysate medium requires small concentrations of a fermentable carbohydrate (0.05%), presumably for synthetic reactions. The arginine analogue, agmatine, is utilized as an energy source by S. faecalis but not by S. faecium, and only approxinately 50% of the latter strains hydrolyzed this compound. Other ureido- and guanido-containing compounds tested were neither utilized as an energy source nor deaminated.
Thermal Anomalies and Geologic Features of the Mono Lake Area, California, as Revealed by Infrared Imagery

Airborne infrared radiometer sensing of thermal terrain properties in California lake region
Assessing Productivity of UML-based Systems Analysis and Design: A DEA Approach

Due to the recent economic woes, information systems (IS) departments are under enormous pressure to cut costs while maintaining productivity in software development projects. Improving software project productivity has become a critical issue for every organization especially under the current economy uncertainty. Previous studies focus mainly on the efficiency of the traditional SAD process and there have been no attempts, to our best knowledge, to explore the efficiency of OOSAD process. This study uses UML complexity metrics to measure the productivity of OOSAD projects. DEA models are developed to explore the efficiency of these projects. A preliminary empirical study is conducted to apply the proposed methodology. Finally, sensitivity analysis of DEA is used in the study to identify factors and ways to improve the project efficiency and managerial implications are also discussed.
Biogeography of Australian freshwater fishes

Aim To investigate biogeographic patterns of obligate freshwater fishes. Location Australia. Methods Similarity indices, parsimony analysis, and drainage-based plots of species’ ranges were used to identify patterns. Results Relationships among regions were deduced largely by concordance between methodologies, then summarized into a proposed series of faunal provinces. Main conclusions The most striking pattern was in the incidence of endemism across the continent. Provinces in southern, central, and western Australia have high numbers of endemic fishes, presumably resulting from isolation by aridity and drainage divides. With exception of one region, northern and eastern Australia provinces have few endemics, probably explained in the north by high drainage connectivity during times of lowered sea levels. This does not account for low endemism in the east because drainages appear to have remained isolated during lowered sea levels and patterns suggest an absence of distinct barriers of other kinds. By default, climate again seems the most probable cause of species’ distributional limits. Whatever the case, most patterns were almost certainly established in the distant past, perhaps as early as Miocene. Influences of Plio–Pleistocene events on broad patterns of freshwater fish distributions seem minimal.
Phage Display Technologies

Phage display is a method that uses bacterial virus (phage) as a vehicle to express diverse protein or peptide sequences as part of the phage coat protein by cloning deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments in frame with phage coat protein genes. Upon viral infection, the expressed peptides are displayed on the surface of the viral particle. Depending on the DNA fragments cloned, phage display allows for expression of either short peptides or large proteins, such as immunoglobulin, on the viral surface. Keywords: phage; protein; library; antibody; plasmid
Tools Supporting the Communication of Critical Domain Knowledge in High-Consequence Systems Development

Predictably achieving requirements validity has proven extremely difficult because of the informal nature of this property, and poor communication of application domain knowledge is implicated as a main barrier to increasing this validity. In related work, we developed a methodology that exploits cognitive psychology research to improve this communication. In this work, we describe support for the methodology via a toolset that directs involved parties in the construction of artifacts defined by the methodology; these artifacts by their structure and content enable the spread of application domain knowledge among developers and throughout the lifecycle. The toolset in addition supports documentation, various forms of analysis, and integration with other lifecycle artifacts. We used these tools in collaboration with an industry partner to develop experimental documentation for recording and dissemination of domain knowledge relevant to the design of a medical device, and we here describe this experience.
Thickness of proximal ejecta from the Orientale Basin from Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) data: Implications for multi‐ring basin formation

Quantifying the ejecta distribution around large lunar basins is important to understanding the origin of basin rings, the volume of the transient cavity, the depth of sampling, and the nature of the basin formation processes. We have used newly obtained altimetry data of the Moon from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) instrument to estimate the thickness of ejecta in the region surrounding the Orientale impact basin, the youngest and best preserved large basin on the Moon. Our measurements yield ejecta thicknesses of approx.2900 m near the Cordillera Mountains, the topographic rim of Orientale, decaying to approx.1 km in thickness at a range of 215 km. These measurements imply a volume of ejecta in the region from the Cordillera ring to a radial range of one basin diameter of approx.2.9 x 10(exp 6)cu km and permit the derivation of an ejecta-thickness decay model, which can be compared with estimates for the volume of excavation and the size of the transient cavity. These data are consistent with the Outer Rook Mountains as the approximate location of the transient cavity s rim crest and suggest a volume of approx.4.8 x 10(exp 6)cu km for the total amount of basin ejecta exterior to this location.
H/sub infinity / control of LFT systems: an LMI approach

The standard H/sub infinity / control problem for linear state-space systems is extended to general LFT systems, which involve a LFT (linear fractional transformation) on a structured free parameter Delta and can be interpreted as structuredly perturbed uncertain systems. Two generalizations of H/sub infinity / performance are considered, referred too as mu -performance and Q-performance with the latter implying the former. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a system to have Q-performance and for the existence of a controller yielding Q-performance can be expressed in terms of structured linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). >
Effect of Protein Modification on Erythrocyte Membrane Mechanical Properties

Cross-linking of membrane proteins in normal erythrocytes and corresponding erythrocyte ghosts by the bifunctional reagent glutaraldehyde results in progressive increase in force required for membrane deformation as measured by uniaxial extension in glass micropipettes. The qualitative similarity of behavior in ghosts containing less than 0.5% of the original hemoglobin indicates that modification of membrane proteins is responsible for the altered elasticity. The monofunctional agent parachloromercuribenzoic acid, which penetrates the membrane to affect sulfhydryl groups caused quantitatively less conspicuous change in the membrane elasticity and resistance to local membrane failure during the experimental membrane fragmentation process. Reduction of the erythrocyte membrane’s spectrin content appears to reduce hyperelasticity and tensile strength whereas removal of integral protein such as glycophorin had no effect. In the senescent erythrocyte in which increased protein aggregation has been postulated as a function of aging, membrane elasticity is altered; these cells’ membranes behave like those of the glutaraldehyde model. ATP-depleted cells, in which protein aggregation occurs, previously were interpreted to have reduced membrane deformability with Ca++ accumulation; membranes’ normal elastic behavior was observed. These observations in model systems support the hypothesis that membrane protein aggregation, determined by the phosphorylation state of spectrin and actin may affect intrinsic membrane properties of hyperelasticity and tensile strength.
Assessing Critical Thinking in Middle and High Schools: Meeting the Common Core

1. Introduction: Engaging in Critical Thinking2. Applying Bloom's Taxonomy in Your Classroom3. Misconception, Challenges, and a Solution4. Scenarios and Real-World Applications Math Examples Science Examples Social Studies Examples Language Arts Examples5. Visual Materials Math Examples Science Examples Social Studies Examples Language Arts Examples6. Quotations Math Examples Science Examples Social Studies Examples Language Arts Examples7. Establishing a Culture of Thinking8. Conclusion
Police participation in structured plea negotiations

Abstract This article examines the participation of police officers in structured felony plea negotiations. The data were collected during the testing of pretrial settlement conferences conducted in Dade County, Florida. The police officers were relatively active in the plea discussions, and their presence affected both the structure of the discussion and the relative influence of the various parties. The data also indicate that police participation and influence were affected by the presence of either the victim or the defendant. While the presence of the police did not affect the processing (settlement/trial rate) or the disposition (sentence severity, use of incarceration or restitution), the officers who attended the conference were more satisfied with both the court process and the disposition. This finding is significant in the light of the demoralizing effects of traditional plea negotiations on police attitudes and the spill over of these negative attitudes into the criminal justice system.
The Association of Maternal Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index with Breastfeeding Initiation

Recent evidence extends the health benefits of breastfeeding to include reduction of maternal body mass index (BMI) and childhood obesity. Since most women decide if they will breastfeed prior to pregnancy, it is important to understand, given the high population prevalence of obesity, if maternal underweight, overweight or obese status is associated with breastfeeding initiation. Population-based study. Florida resident birth certificate records. All live singleton births (2004–2009), excluding observations that lacked the primary outcomes of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and breastfeeding initiation (final sample of 1,161,949 unique observations). Odds of initiating breastfeeding, adjusted by maternal and infant factors, stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI, categorized as underweight, normal, overweight and obese. Adjusting for the known maternal factors associated with breastfeeding initiation, underweight and obese women were significantly less likely to initiate breastfeeding than women with normal BMI, (adjusted odds ratio 0.87, 95 % confidence interval 0.85–0.89 for underweight women; 0.84, 95 % CI 0.83–0.85 for obese women). The magnitude of these findings did not significantly vary by race or ethnicity. Medicaid status and adherence to the Institute of Medicine’s 2009 pregnancy weight gain recommendations had only minor influences on breastfeeding initiation. Among adolescents, only underweight status predicted breastfeeding initiation; obesity did not. Underweight and obese women have significantly lower rates of breastfeeding initiation compared to women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI. Future studies need to address the health care, social, and physical barriers that interfere with breastfeeding initiation, especially in underweight and obese women, regardless of race, ethnicity or income.