cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ACADEMIC MEDICINE UNDER MANAGED CARE

Five years ago, academic gastroenterologists engaged in discussions of research interests, grants, and divisional politics. Division heads were concerned with faculty development and expansion of their programs, and the terms layoff and salary cuts were not part of the academic gastroenterologist's vocabulary. Fellowship applicants were the "best and the brightest," and the number of trainees was forever increasing. Today, discussions center on money. University finances, college finances, departmental finances, divisional finances, and individual finances as well as hiring, firing, layoffs, training slots cut, lack of quality fellow applicants, dropping out of the match, and what division head is about to be fired—these topics dominate conversations. Now division heads and faculty are valued for their financial skills much more so than their research or leadership skills. How did this situation develop so suddenly, and what are academic gastroenterology divisions evolving into, or will they even survive the new order of medicine? 1 A decade ago, gastroenterology divisions (as well as departments of medicine) were well off financially, largely reflecting their procedural orientation in a fee-for-service environment. This largess in income was used to fuel faculty expansion, increases in academic gastroenterologists' salaries, and an increase in fellowship positions. Today, academic divisions are under siege, and the academic gastroenterologist may become a member of an endangered species. This reverse in fortunes has been a result of a decrease in state support for the medical schools, full implementation and evolution of the Medicare resource-based relative value system compensation system, the phenomenal growth of managed care accompanied by the discounted fee for service and capitation that managed care organization contracts bring, and the decreased availability of research funding from all sources. This article deals with academic gastroenterology divisions, where they were, where they are now, and what, it is hoped, they will evolve into. Survival is expected, but the growing process is likely to be painful.
Can burn centers evacuate in response to disasters

On August 29, 2005, the Gulf Coast was hit by Hurricane Katrina, a category 4 storm. The storm was responsible for more than 1000 deaths and the displacement of hundreds of thousands of people. Hospitals in the city of New Orleans evacuated because of the complete collapse of infrastructure. This event influenced the decisions and actions taken to protect patients, families, and staff of a 30-bed pediatric burn center in the projected path of a second catastrophic hurricane 3 weeks later. Approximately 80 hours before projected landfall, the local government announced that a mandatory evacuation of the community surrounding the burn center would occur. A coordinated decision was made by administration, nursing, and medical staff to cancel upcoming clinics and elective surgery and to evacuate all 14 inpatients, 52 outpatients, and 66 guardians to other facilities. The evacuation plan was successfully completed in 32 hours. The eye wall of the hurricane passed 65 miles east of the burn center. No significant damage to the physical plant was noted. Repopulation of the hospital by patients and acceptance of new acute burn referrals began approximately 40 hours after the local government permitted the population to return to the area. No morbidity or mortality was attributed to the evacuation. Emergent evacuation of threatened burn centers can be safely accomplished with adequate prior planning of evacuation sites, and modes of transportation. An established communication command center plays a key role in this process.
Microtubule-associated protein-2 and neurofilament immunoreactivity in neurons and small, intensely fluorescent cells of an amphibian cardiac ganglion.

Abstract The localization of two cytoskeletal proteins was analysed in the cell bodies and processes of ganglionic neurons and small, intensely fluorescent cells of the parasympathetic cardiac ganglion of Necturus maculosus (mudpuppy). Antibodies against microtubule-associated protein-2 and against the highly phosphorylated isoforms of high and middle molecular weight neurofilament subunits were used as somatodendritic and axonal markers, respectively. The ganglionic neurons, which usually have only one major process, and small, intensely fluorescent cells, which have several processes, showed distinctly different staining patterns with the two antibodies. In control and denervated ganglia, the ganglionic cell bodies and several hundred micrometers of the proximal processes were labeled with the antibody against microtubule-associated protein-2, whereas small, intensely fluorescent cells and processes showed a paucity of immunoreactivity. The neurofilament antibody labeled numerous axons in the ganglion but did not label the proximal part of the postganglionic process or small, intensely fluorescent cell processes. Denervation resulted in the presence of phosphorylated neurofilament subunit immunoreactivity in the soma and proximal process of the ganglionic neuron. These data suggest that (i) small, intensely fluorescent cells and ganglionic neurons in the mudpuppy cardiac ganglion contain distinctly different cytoskeletal proteins (ii) the proximal part of postganglionic “axons” contains dendrite-like and not axon-like cytoskeletal proteins, and (iii) deafferentation promotes the localization of phosphorylated forms of neurofilament subunits in the soma and proximal process of parasympathetic ganglionic neurons.
Multiple intracellular pathways induce expression of a zinc-finger encoding gene (EGR1): Relationship to activation of the Na/H exchanger

Intracellular pathways that rapidly stimulate the expression of a mitogen-inducible, zinc-finger encoding gene, EGR1 (Sukhatme et al., Cell 53:37-43), have been characterized in two human fibroblasts strains (WI-38 and HSWP). Serum and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were each found to strongly stimulate EGR1 expression in both cell types. Comparably high levels of expression could also be induced by treatment with the phorbol ester TPA. In cells rendered deficient in PK-C, serum and EGF were each still capable of inducing high levels of EGR1 mRNA, demonstrating that additional non-protein kinase C pathways are capable of stimulating EGR1 expression. In both fibroblasts strains, stimulation of EGR1 expression by all these agents exhibited rapid, transient kinetics and could be superinduced if protein synthesis was inhibited through the addition of cycloheximide. Finally, various agents, known to stimulate/inhibit the activation of another early mitogenic response, the activation of Na/H exchange, were analyzed for their effect on EGR1 expression. Interestingly bradykinin, vasopressin, and Ca ionophores, which dramatically stimulate Na/H exchange, were only weak stimulants of EGR1 expression. Conversely, EGF, which stimulates Na/H exchange poorly, strongly activated EGR1 expression. Hence while EGR1 expression could be triggered by multiple intracellular pathways, its expression does not appear to require the prior activation of Na/H exchange.
Torulopsis bombicola sp.n.

A new yeast species,Torulopsis bombicola, is described, that produces extracellular hydroxy fatty acid sophorosides. It utilizes relatively few carbon compounds. It forms a mannan having a proton magnetic resonance spectrum similar to the spectra of the galactomannans ofTorulopsis apis, Torulopsis nodaensis andT. magnoliae, but differing from those ofT. gropengiesseri galactomannan andT. apicola mannan.
MBE grown Npn AlGaAs/GaAs bipolar transistors with C p doping by electron cyclotron resonance source activated methane

Using an electron cyclotron resonance source in a UHV system, vacuum connected to an adjacent molecular beam epitaxy, carbon doping in GaAs was obtained and applied to the base of a heterojunction Npn bipolar transistor. The devices fabricated on the heterostructures grown as described exhibited current gains of about 50. After subjecting the layers to a 700°C/20 minutes anneal cycle, the newly fabricated devices yielded current gains of about 50 demonstrating their stability.
Realistic goals for antagonist therapy.

This paper has been prepared to discuss the realistic benefits that may be obtained from the use of narcotic antagonists in treating narcotic addicts. The reasons for these deliberations are twofold. (1) The full impact of chronic administration of narcotic antagonists is coming to be recognized, and we are finding that narcotic antagonists, like all drugs, have undesirable side effects, and if this toxicity is to be avoided, they must be used with some caution. (2) Further, it has become apparent that only a small portion of addicts will elect an antagonist mode of therapy. When cyclazocine was first [ 11 proposed for the treatment of narcotic addiction, it was our feeling, based on experiences on the wards of the Addiction Research Center, that only highly motivated patients who had some compelling reason for wishing to remain abstinent would accept this modality of treatment. There are such patients, and they do benefit from antagonist therapy. The question of whether there should be a continuing effort to develop narcotic antagonists for the treatment of narcotic addicts requires a thoughtful answer. What are the advantages that may accrue to patients and to society as a consequence of antagonist therapy? For those patients who wish to remain abstinent, the antagonists protect them from their own impulsivity and the consequences of drug-seeking behavior in times of stress and in
Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental samples: a critical review of gas chromatographic (GC) methods

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are frequently measured in the atmosphere for air quality assessment, in biological tissues for health-effects monitoring, in sediments and mollusks for environmental monitoring, and in foodstuffs for safety reasons. In contemporary analysis of these complex matrices, gas chromatography (GC), rather than liquid chromatography (LC), is often the preferred approach for separation, identification, and quantification of PAHs, largely because GC generally affords greater selectivity, resolution, and sensitivity than LC. This article reviews modern-day GC and state-of-the-art GC techniques used for the determination of PAHs in environmental samples. Standard test methods are discussed. GC separations of PAHs on a variety of capillary columns are examined, and the properties and uses of selected mass spectrometric (MS) techniques are presented. PAH literature on GC with MS techniques, including chemical ionization, ion-trap MS, time-of-flight MS (TOF-MS), and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), is reviewed. Enhancements to GC, for example large-volume injection, thermal desorption, fast GC, and coupling of GC to LC, are also discussed with regard to the determination of PAHs in an effort to demonstrate the vigor and robustness GC continues to achieve in the analytical sciences.
Response of tussock tundra to elevated carbon dioxide regimes: analysis of ecosystem CO2 flux through nonlinear modeling.

The response of tussock tundra to elevated atmospheric concentrations of CO2 was measured at Toolik Lake, Alaska in the summer of 1983. Computer-controlled greenhouses were used to determine diurnal ecosystem flux of CO2 under four treatments: 340 ppm, 510 ppm, and 680 ppm CO2, as well as 680 ppm CO2 with a four degree centrigrade increase in temperature. For the seven days of data analyzed, net daily CO2 flux was significantly different between treatments. Net uptake was positively correlated with CO2 concentration in the chamber and negatively correlated with temperature. A nonlinear model was used to analyze this data set and to determine some of the reasons for different net CO2 flux. This model allowed an estimation of light utilization efficiency, total conductance of CO2, and a comparable measure of total respiration. From this analysis we conclude that nutrient limitations in the arctic decrease the capacity of tundra plants to make use of elevated CO2 concentrations. The plants respond by decreasing conductance in the presence of elevated CO2, which results in approximately equal gross uptake rates for the three CO2 treatments. Apparent changes in system respiration result in higher net uptake under elevated CO2 but this may be due to biases in the data. The treatment with increased temperature exhibited higher conductances and, consequently, higher gross uptake of CO2 than the other treatments. Higher temperatures, however, also increase respiration with the result being lower net uptake than would be expected in the absence of temperature inscreases.
Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in male B6C3F1 mice following exposure to mixtures of 1,3‐butadiene and styrene

1,3-Butadiene and styrene are oxidized, in part, by cytochrome P450 2E1 and have been shown to metabolically interact in rodents exposed by inhalation to mixtures of both compounds. Because the reactive metabolites of butadiene and styrene are thought to be responsible for the toxicity of each compound, metabolic interactions may alter the response in animals exposed to mixtures of butadiene and styrene compared with the response in animals exposed to butadiene alone or styrene alone. The purpose of this study was to quantitate alterations in genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in male B6C3F1 mice exposed to mixtures of butadiene and styrene. Male B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 6.25, 62.5, 200, or 625 ppm butadiene alone, 50 ppm styrene alone, or mixtures of 6.25, 62.5, 200, or 625 ppm butadiene and 50 ppm styrene. Genotoxicity was assessed by quantitating the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow. Cytotoxicity was assessed by counting total spleen and thymus cells and by quantitating the frequency of polychromatic erythrocytes in the peripheral blood. Butadiene and mixtures of butadiene and styrene were genotoxic in mice, as shown by a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes. The increased frequency following exposure to mixtures of butadiene and styrene was not significantly different compared with the frequency following exposure to butadiene alone. Styrene and mixtures of butadiene and styrene were cytotoxic in mice, as shown by significantly decreased number of spleen cells. Exposure to mixtures of butadiene and styrene with butadiene concentrations of 62.5 or 625 ppm significantly reduced the number of thymus cells. Exposure to 200 ppm or 625 ppm butadiene alone, or to mixtures of 200 ppm or 625 ppm butadiene and 50 ppm styrene, significantly reduced the frequency of polychromatic erythrocytes in the peripheral blood. The results of the study demonstrate that exposure to mixture of butadiene and styrene does not reduce the respective genotoxicity of butadiene or cytotoxicity of styrene.
Paracrystalline arrays in mitochondria following ageing of mitochondria in situ

Paracrystalline arrays of helical configuration were observed in the mitochondrial intracrystal spaces following prolonged ageing of mitochondriain situ. The occurrence of these mitochondria with the paracrystalline arrays, average diameter of about 70 A, appeared to increase following an increase in the time of ageingin situ.
Attention Deficit Disorder and Methylphenidate: A Multilevel Analysis of Dose-Response Effects on Children's Impulsivity Across Settings

ABSTRACT The present investigation examined the effects of methylphenidate on impulsivity in children with Attention Deficit Disorder/Hyperactivity (ADDH) in school and on their Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT) performance in a clinic setting. Twenty-two children with ADDH between 6 and 10 years of age participated in a double-blind, placebo-control, within-subject (crossover) design in which each child received four doses of methylphenidate (5, 10, 15, 20 mg) and a placebo in a randomly assigned, counterbalanced sequence. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures demonstrated a highly significant effect on the five dependent measures. A series of one-way analyses of variance with repeated measures showed significant overall medication effects on MFFT performance (error and latency), teacher ratings of children's self-control, on-task behavior, and academic efficiency scores. With the exception of MFFT latency, all measures were highly sensitive to between-dose differences. Trend analyses revealed a significant linear relationship between improvement on the clinic and classroom measures and increasing dose. Intermediate and molecular level analyses were conducted to examine the idiosyncratic and task-specific behavior exhibited across doses, as well as the relative contribution of gross body weight to drug responsiveness. The implications of these results for psychopharmacological research and clinical practice are discussed.
Quadrupole magnet field mapping for FRIB

Abstract Extensive magnetic field map measurements have been done on a newly built superconducting quadrupole triplet with sextupole and octupole coils nested within every quadrupole. The magnetic field multipole composition and fringe field distributions have been analyzed and an improved parameterization of the field has been developed within the beam transport simulation framework. Parameter fits yielding standard deviations as low as 0.3% between measured and modeled values are reported here.
Large-Scale Preparative Counter-Current Chromatography with a Coil Planet Centrifuge

Abstract Development of the large-scale preparative countercurrent chromatographic schemes has been continued by increasing the diameter of the separation column. A 0.55 cm i.d. FEP tube was coaxially coiled around the holder (7.5 cm, 10 cm or 15 cm in diameter) of a horizontal flow-through coil planet centrifuge (15 cm revolutional radius). Performance of each column was evaluated on the separation of dinitrophenyl amino acid samples with a two-phase solvent system composed of chloroform, acetic acid, and 0.1N hydrochloric acid (2:2:1) by using both aqueous and nonaqueous phases as the mobile phase. Experiments with the short preliminary columns (114 ml capacity) revealed that the hydrodynamic distribution of the two solvent phases was sensitively affected by the helical diameter of the column. However, by choosing the proper elution mode of the mobile phase, satisfactory results were obtained with the helical diameters of 7.5 cm and 15 cm at a high flow rate of 500 ml/h under a moderate revolutional spe...
Measuring Dynamics and Interactions of Colloidal Particles with Digital Holographic Microscopy

Micrometer-sized colloidal particles are a model system for understanding self-assembly in condensed matter. Here I present the results of digital holographic microscopy experiments that probe the 3D structure and dynamics of these systems.
Alterations in mechanical response of aged rat myocardium. Effects of dexamethasone.

Abstract 1. 1. Mechanical responses of young and old rat myocardium to increasing rates of stimulation were compared. As the animals aged, we found a significant enhancement of the negative force-frequency response and a decline in the velocities of contraction and of relaxation. 2. 2. At 6 months of age, there were no differences between rats obtained from commercial sources and a group of rats obtained from a colony maintained at the National Institute of Aging. 3. 3. At 24 months, the negative force-frequency response was considerably greater in the former group of animals than in the latter. 4. 4. The sensitivity to the calcium concentration in the tissue bathing solution was significantly increased in aged heart preparations. Increasing the calcium concentration reduced the negative inotropy and the decline in the velocities of contraction and relaxation. The enhancement by calcium was directly proportional to the concentration of the metal in the bathing solution. 5. 5. When aged animals were pretreated with pharmacological doses of dexamethasone, the age-induced alterations in the mechanical responses were reversed. The aged, dexamethasone-treated myocardium also became refractory to calcium concentrations above 2.7 mM in the bathing solution. 6. 6. It is suggested that aging induces multifocal defects and that steroid hormones play a role in the maintenance of integrity of the myocardium. The action of the steroids is on the sarcolemma, the contractile proteins and the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Adult and childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: are they different diseases?

Age has long been recognized as an important factor in predicting response to treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Specifically, the results of treatment of childhood ALL have been far superior to the treatment of what appears to be the same disease in adults. However, from an analysis of the clinical and biological prognostic factors known to be predictive in childhood ALL, there is a striking difference in their distribution in adults with ALL. It appears that there is a special form of ALL seen in children of some populations with a peak incidence of three to seven years. This treatment responsive leukemia appears to be different clinically, biologically, and epidemiologically from adult ALL. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Phosphorylation of P-Rex1 by the Cyclic AMP-dependent Protein Kinase Inhibits the Phosphatidylinositiol (3,4,5)-Trisphosphate and Gβγ-mediated Regulation of Its Activity

Abstract Rac activation is a key step in chemotaxis of hematopoietic cells, which is both positively and negatively regulated by receptors coupled to heterotrimeric G proteins. P-Rex1, a Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is dually activated by phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) and the Gβγ subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. This study explored the regulation of P-Rex1 by phosphorylation with the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A) in vitro and by Gi- and Gs-coupled receptors in HEK293T cells. P-Rex1 isolated from Sf9 and HEK293T cells migrates as two distinct bands that are partially phosphorylated. Phosphorylation of P-Rex1 with protein kinase A (PKA) inhibits the PIP3- and Gβγ-stimulated P-Rex1 guanine nucleotide exchange activity on Rac. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity of three different forms of P-Rex1 (native Sf9, de-phosphorylated, and phosphorylated) was examined in the presence of PIP3 and varying concentrations of Gβ1γ2. Gβ1γ2 was 47-fold less potent in activating the phosphorylated form of P-Rex1 compared with the de-phosphorylated form. HEK293T cells expressing P-Rex1 were labeled with 32P and stimulated with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to release Gβγ or isoproterenol to activate PKA. Treatment with isoproterenol or Sp-cAMPS, a potent activator of PKA, increased the incorporation of 32P into P-Rex1. LPA increased the amount of GTP-bound Rac in the cells and isoproterenol reduced basal levels of GTP-bound Rac and blunted the effect of LPA. Treatment of the cells with Sp-cAMPS also reduced the levels of GTP-bound Rac. These results outline a novel mechanism for Gs-linked receptors to regulate the function of P-Rex1 and inhibit its function in cells.
High-order compact finite-difference methods on general overset grids

This work investigates the coupling of a very high-order finite-difference algorithm for the solution of conservation laws on general curvilinear meshes with overset-grid techniques originally developed to address complex geometric configurations. The solver portion of the algorithm is based on Pade-type compact finite-differences of up to sixth-order, with up to 10th-order filters employed to remove spurious waves generated by grid non-uniformities, boundary conditions and flow non-linearities. The overset-grid approach is utilized as both a domain-decomposition paradigm for implementation of the algorithm on massively parallel machines and as a means for handling geometric complexity in the computational domain. Two key features have been implemented in the current work; the ability of the high-order algorithm to accommodate holes cut in grids by the overset-grid approach, and the use of high-order interpolation at non-coincident grid overlaps. Several high-order/high-accuracy interpolation methods were considered, and a high-order, explicit, non-optimized Lagrangian method was found to be the most accurate and robust for this application. Several two-dimensional benchmark problems were examined to validate the interpolation methods and the overall algorithm. These included grid-to-grid interpolation of analytic test functions, the inviscid convection of a vortex, laminar flow over single- and double-cylinder configurations, and the scattering of acoustic waves from one- and three-cylinder configurations. The employment of the overset-grid techniques, coupled with high-order interpolation at overset boundaries, was found to be an effective way of employing the high-order algorithm for more complex geometries than was previously possible.
Prevention of posttraumatic axon sprouting by blocking collapsin response mediator protein 2-mediated neurite outgrowth and tubulin polymerization

Epileptogenesis following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is likely due to a combination of increased excitability, disinhibition, and increased excitatory connectivity via aberrant axon sprouting. Targeting these pathways could be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic epilepsy. Here, we tested this possibility using the novel anticonvulsant (R)-N-benzyl 2-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide ((R)-lacosamide [LCM]), which acts on both voltage-gated sodium channels and collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), an axonal growth/guidance protein. LCM inhibited CRMP2-mediated neurite outgrowth, an effect phenocopied by CRMP2 knockdown. Mutation of LCM-binding sites in CRMP2 reduced the neurite inhibitory effect of LCM by ∼8-fold. LCM also reduced CRMP2-mediated tubulin polymerization. Thus, LCM selectively impairs CRMP2-mediated microtubule polymerization, which underlies its neurite outgrowth and branching. To determine whether LCM inhibits axon sprouting in vivo, LCM was injected into rats subjected to partial cortical isolation, an animal model of posttraumatic epileptogenesis that exhibits axon sprouting in cortical pyramidal neurons. Two weeks following injury, excitatory synaptic connectivity of cortical layer V pyramidal neurons was mapped using patch clamp recordings and laser scanning photostimulation of caged glutamate. In comparison with injured control animals, there was a significant decrease in the map size of excitatory synaptic connectivity in LCM-treated rats, suggesting that LCM treatment prevented enhanced excitatory synaptic connectivity due to posttraumatic axon sprouting. These findings suggest, for the first time, that LCM's mode of action involves interactions with CRMP2 to inhibit posttraumatic axon sprouting.
Studies on Sex Organ Development: Separation and Culture of Steroid-Producing Cells from Growing and Regressing Embryonic Ovaries*

An ovarian cell culture system has been established for the growing and regressing ovaries of the chick embryo. After collagenase digestion of the ovaries, the ovarian cells grow as a monolayer in culture and retain functional steroid hormone production. The ovarian cells of the growing left ovary have a higher capacity for producing estradiol (E2; 117 pg/106 cells) than the cells from the regressing right ovary (65 pg/104 cells) 24 h after plating. Ovarian cells from the growing left ovary respond in vitro to hCG stimulation with a 120% increase in E2 and a 200% increase in testosterone (T) production. N6,O2-Dibutyryl cAMP added to cultured ovarian cells mimics the hCG effect, stimulating E2 and T production. After hCG stimulation, the cAMP level in ovarian cells is increased about 200%. The ovarian cells of the regressing ovary have a higher level of cAMP (from 253–463 pmol/mg protein) than the growing ovarian cells (from 83–243.9 pmol/mg protein). The embryonic ovarian cells have been further separated...
T.N. Granovskii on the Meaning of History

The life of T.N. Granovskii, which spanned the years 1813 to 1855, has been seen by Soviet historians of thought in various perspectives. His career as a teacher of medieval and world history at Moscow University between 1839 and 1855, his few publications, and most of all, his friendships with N.V. Stankevich, A.I. Herzen, V.G. Belinskii, and N.P. Ogar?v have attracted the comments of Soviet scholars. Despite their differing vantage points, they have gradually fashioned a consistent view of the significance to be accorded to Granovskii's life. The present inquiry has been designed to focus attention upon the following general areas: the extent to which Granovskii's philosophy of history was related to that of Leopold von Ranke, the definition of 'universal history' to which the former subscribed, and the influences which the German philosophers, Schelling and Hegel, exerted upon Grano vskii. Finally, a suggestion will be made as to Granovskii's impact upon Soviet historiography. In modern biographies, Granovskii has been acclaimed as the represen tative of Hegelian thought in Russia, as the founder of Russian historiogra phy concerned with medieval Europe, and as a highly politicized, though cautious, intellectual.1 Moreover, one of the outstanding characteristics which Soviet observers attribute to Granovskii stems from their contention
Emotional and Behavioral Predictors of Preschool Peer Ratings

It was predicted that social cognitive, behavioral, and affective aspects of young children's social development would predict stable peer ratings of their likability. Measures of likability, emotion knowledge, prosocial and aggressive behavior, peer competence, and expressed emotions (happy and angry) were obtained for 65 subjects (mean age = 44 months). Sociometric ratings, particularly negative, were stable over 1- and 9-month time periods. Correlational analyses showed that emotion knowledge and prosocial behavior were direct predictors of likability. Prosocial behavior mediated the relations of gender and expressed emotions with likability (i.e., gender and expressed emotions were each related to prosocial behavior, and prosocial behavior was related to likability, but neither gender nor expressed emotions were related to likability with prosocial behavior partialled out). Knowledge of emotional situations similarly mediated the age-likability relation. Results uphold the early development of stable peer reputations and the hypothesized centrality of emotion-related predictors of likability.
Bubble Snap-off and Capillary-Back Pressure during Counter-Current Spontaneous Imbibition into Model Pores

A previous paper (Unsal, E.; Mason, G.; Ruth, D. W.; Morrow, N. R. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2007, 315, 200−209) reported experiments involving counter-current spontaneous imbibition into a model pore system consisting of a rod in an angled slot covered by a glass plate. Such an arrangement gives two tubes with different cross-sections (both size and shape) with an interconnection through the gap between the rod and the plate. In the previous experiments, the wetting phase advanced in the small tube and nonwetting phase retreated in the large tube. No bubbles were formed. In this paper, we study experimentally and theoretically the formation of bubbles at the open end of the large tube and their subsequent snap-off. Such bubbles reduce the capillary back pressure produced by the larger tube and can thus have an effect on the local rate of imbibition. In the model pore system, the rod was either in contact with the glass, forming two independent tubes, or the rod was spaced from the glass to allow cross-fl...
The Case ∣ 41-year-old HIV patient with proteinuria and progressive renal dysfunction

A 41-year-old patient was referred with proteinuria and a recent rise in serum creatinine from 1 to 1.5 mg/dl. The patient’s history was significant for recurrent alcoholic pancreatitis and a myocardial infarction 8 years earlier when he was diagnosed to be HIVand hepatitis B-positive. The patient had a history of nocturia for 5 years and frothy urine for 1 year but denied any diarrhea. His medication regimen for the past 4 years consisted of emtricitabine, tenofovir, atazanavir, and ritonavir (for HIV and Hepatitis B coinfection) as well as enalapril and atenolol. Physical examination was unremarkable and his blood pressure was 104/65 mm Hg. Laboratory studies showed (in mmol/l) Na 143, K 3.8, Cl 110, CO2 21, and a BUN 18 mg/dl, blood pH of 7.349, blood glucose of 92 mg/dl, serum phosphate 2.4 (reference range: 2.7–4.5 mg/dl), uric acid 3.6 (reference range: 3.6–7.7 mg/dl), normal complement levels and negative ANA, ANCA and rheumatoid factor. Urinalysis by dipstick showed a pH 5.0, 1þ protein, 1þ blood, and 1þ glucose. A 24-h urine collection (3 l) had 1.86 g of protein, 0.34 g of albumin, and 1.9 g creatinine. Serial laboratory tests are shown in Table 1. Urine sediment microscopy performed on the day of the renal biopsy showed 0–1 RBC, 0–1 WBC, 4–5 renal epithelial cells (some cigar shaped)/high-power field (Figure 1), with 5–6 fine granular casts/low-power field. No oval fat bodies or eosinophils were identified. Kidneys were normal in size and echotexture on ultrasonography.
PLANNING AND CONTROL OF BEHAVIOR DURING DECEPTION

Few behaviors have been found that consistently differentiate deceivers from truth-tellers. Consequently, recent research has focused upon identifying the factors that impact upon the display of behavioral correlates of deception. Following previous work in this area, four factors held to be important in this regard are reviewed: arousal, emotion, cognitive difficulty, and control. An integrative model that explicates the interrelations of these components is then developed. Finally, a study examining the effects of preparation and control on leakage during deception is presented. Planning of deception was found to relate to response latency and duration of eye contact. In addition, subjects appear to use inhibitory control processes to suppress the display of behavioral cues of deception.
Whist tournaments—three person property

Abstract A whist tournament is said to have the Three Person Property if the intersection of any two tables in the tournament is at most two. Specific whist tournaments possessing this property are presented for v =8, v =4 k , 4≤ k ≤9 and for v =4 k +1, k ∈{2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,13,15,20,22,24,25,29,30}. Several infinite classes of whist tournaments possessing this property are exhibited along with explicit formulas for the generation of two infinite classes of Mendelsohn designs.
Middle‐Range Theory Of Chronic Sorrow

Purpose: To introduce a middle-range nursing theory of chronic sorrow that presents this sorrow as a normal response to ongoing disparity due to loss. Chronic sorrow is the periodic recurrence of permanent, pervasive sadness or other grief related feelings associated with a significant loss. The theory provides a framework for understanding and working with people following a single or ongoing loss. Organizing framework: The model of chronic sorrow includes antecedents, trigger events, and internal and external management methods. Scope: Theory is useful for analyzing individual responses of people experiencing ongoing disparity due to chronic illness, caregiving responsibilities, loss of the “perfect” child, or bereavement. Sources: The theory was developed using concept analysis, critical review of research, and validation in 10 qualitative studies of various loss situations. Conclusions: Chronic sorrow has been shown to explain the experience of people across the lifespan who encounter ongoing disparity because of significant loss. Nurses need to view chronic sorrow as a normal response to loss and, when it is triggered, provide support by fostering positive coping strategies and assuming roles that increase comfort.
Inhibition of mTOR by Rapamycin Abolishes Cognitive Deficits and Reduces Amyloid-β Levels in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Background Reduced TOR signaling has been shown to significantly increase lifespan in a variety of organisms [1], [2], [3], [4]. It was recently demonstrated that long-term treatment with rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mTOR pathway[5], or ablation of the mTOR target p70S6K[6] extends lifespan in mice, possibly by delaying aging. Whether inhibition of the mTOR pathway would delay or prevent age-associated disease such as AD remained to be determined.
Glycoprotein evolution of vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey

A T1 ribonuclease fingerprinting study of a large number of virus isolates had previously demonstrated that considerable genetic variability existed among natural isolates of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) New Jersey (NJ) serotype [S.T. Nichol (1988) J. Virol. 62, 572-579]. Based on these results, 34 virus isolates were chosen as representing the extent of genetic diversity within the VSV NJ serotype. We report the entire glycoprotein (G) gene nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence for each of these viruses. Up to 19.8% G gene sequence differences could be seen among NJ serotype isolates. Analysis of the distribution of nucleotide substitutions relative to nucleotide codon position revealed that third position changes were distributed randomly throughout the gene. Third base changes constituted 84% of the observed nucleotide substitutions and affected 89% of the third base positions located in the G gene. Only three short oligonucleotide stretches of complete sequence conservation were observed. The remaining nucleotide changes located in the first and second positions were not distributed randomly, indicating that most of the amino acids coded by the G gene cannot be altered without reducing the fitness of the VSV NJ serotype viruses. Despite these constraints, up to 8.5% amino acid differences were observed between virus isolates. These differences were located throughout the G protein including regions adjacent to defined major antibody neutralization epitopes. Apparent clusters of amino acid substitutions were present in the hydrophobic signal sequence, transmembrane domain, and within the cytoplasmic domain of the G protein. A maximum parsimony analysis of the G gene nucleotide sequences allowed construction of a phylogram indicating the evolutionary relationship of these viruses. The VSV NJ serotype appears to contain at least three distinct lineages or subtypes. All recent virus isolates from the United States and Mexico are within subtype I and appear to have evolved from an ancestor more closely related to the Hazelhurst historic strain than other older strains. The implications of these findings for the evolution, epizootiology, and classification of these viruses are discussed.
Mary's Nativity, Fulbert of Chartres, and the Stirps Jesse: Liturgical Innovation circa 1000 and Its Afterlife

L'arbre de Jesse, tout comme de nombreuses images complexes apparues fin du 11e et debut du 12e siecle, a ete le produit de generations d'innovation liturgique et de traditions de commentaires liturgique et scripturaire. Cette image peut etre etudiee en parallele avec la montee du culte de la Vierge au milieu et Moyen-Age et avec l'influence de la glorification de ce culte dans l'art religieux et sur les sensibilites religieuses.
The Effects of a Thermoplastic Polyester Preform Binder on Vinyl Ester Resin

This study characterizes and evaluates the effects of a thermoplastic polyester preform binder on a thermosetting vinyl ester resin. It was observed that the binder material is soluble in the resin and that the dissolution of the binder drastically affects the viscosity of the resin. It was determined that the binder can significantly delay the gel time, and influence the reaction kinetics of the resin. Additionally, results show that the binder concentration and extent of dissolution affect the mechanical and thermophysical properties of the resin. Higher binder concentrations and larger dissolution times resulted in increased tensile strengths, elongations, and glass transition temperatures of the matrix resin. In order to characterize binder dissolution times, an experimental technique was introduced in which the binder dissolution is correlated to increases in the resin viscosity. The results from this study quantify the affects of thermoplastic polyester binders on vinyl ester resin and provide the b...
Some Aspects of the Flow of Stratified Fluids

The investigations of Parts I and II are extended to include experiments and theoretical considerations relating to the behavior of fluid systems with continuous gradients of density. The general equation of steady-state motion derived in Part I is integrated to yield the flow of a stratified fluid over an obstacle of finite dimensions. The results indicate a more or less complicated laminar wave motion for obstacles of maximum height below a certain value. Larger barriers cause an overdevelopment of the waves to a point where closed circulations and negative horizontal velocities appear. It is shown that this is accompanied by locally unstable distributions of density and eventual turbulence. If the height of the barrier is further increased, the velocity increases indefinitely in some parts of the field, becoming infinite for an obstacle of a certain size. No steady-state solution exists for larger barriers. The two critical values of the obstacle height depend primarily on the Froude number: If this number exceeds 1/π the solution exists and is stable for all obstacles; for small Froude numbers the barrier must be small if the solution is to exist or be stable. If the obstacle is small enough to permit laminar or moderately turbulent motion, the accompanying experiments verify all important features of the theory with remarkable fidelity. Larger obstacles cause considerable turbulence and blocking effects which propagate upstream, causing alternate maxima (jets) and minima of horizontal velocity in the vertical. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1955.tb01171.x
Gender differences in gift exchanges: New directions from projections

Quantitative and qualitative techniques are used to investigate both the content and structure of consumer-constructed stories about gift exchanges. The findings elaborate gender differences that predominate the process. Females perceive their chosen gift exchange relationships as significantly more intimate than do males. Females frame the exchanges significantly more often in the context of formal celebratory ritualized gift exchange occasions than males. Males inject more fantasy into stories of gift exchanges than females. Coded measures of the elaboration of the projective stories reveal a significant interaction between gender and assigned role as giver or receiver of a gift, with female receivers having the most to say about their gifts. Several interpretive propositions related to gift exchanges are proposed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Plerixafor and abbreviated-course granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for mobilizing hematopoietic progenitor cells in light chain amyloidosis.

Abstract Cytokine-based mobilization in light chain (AL) amyloidosis is frequently complicated by fluid overload, weight gain, cardiac arrhythmias, and peri-mobilization mortality. We analyzed hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) mobilization outcomes in 49 consecutive AL amyloidosis patients at our institution between 2004 and 2013 with granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G) (10 μg/kg/day) (n = 25) versus an institutional protocol to limit G exposure using plerixafor (P) (.24 mg/kg s.c. starting day 3 of G 10 μg/kg) (n = 24). G+P strategy yielded higher total CD34+ cells/kg (12.8 × 106 versus 6.3 × 106; P
Dioxin Chronology and Fluxes in Sediments of the Houston Ship Channel, Texas: Influences of Non-Steady-State Sediment Transport and Total Organic Carbon

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (dioxins) are persistent contaminants that bioaccumulate and pose serious risks to humans. The primary objective of this study was to determine the history and mechanisms of dioxin accumulation in sediments of the Houston Ship Channel (HSC) using analytical data on natural and anthropogenic radionuclides (7Be, 137Cs, and 210Pb) and dioxins. Results showed that present-day sedimentary dioxin accumulation rates are orders of magnitude higher than atmospheric inputs to the HSC. Most stations showed dioxin peaks in the near surface, indicating continuing inputs despite federal regulations. Stations with high dioxin inventories reflect accentuated accumulation in the HSC as one moves west toward Houston, at the confluence of the HSC and the San Jacinto River and upstream in the San Jacinto River. These results indicate that a significant quantity of dioxins continues to be released into the environment here or that sedimentary storage and release of previousl...
Socioeconomic Status and the Adjustment to School: The Role of Self-Regulation During Early Childhood

Competing theoretical interpretations posit children's capacity for self-regulation as playing a spurious role, a mediating role, and a moderating role in the relationship between children's socioeconomic status (SES) and the adjustment to school. This study empirically examined these interpretations by investigating the role of children's self-regulation in the relationship between children's SES and three school adjustment outcomes: (1) overall problems in children's interpersonal relationships in school, (2) teachers' assessment of hyperactivity-attention deficiency, and (3) teachers' expectations of children's present and future scholastic ability. The results indicated that associations between self-regulation outcomes and the adjustment to school were not spurious; they persisted after children's SES background was controlled. Self-regulation served as a mediator of the association between children's SES and both interpersonal problems at school and teachers' expectations, and self-regulation served as a moderator of the relationship between children's SES and teachers' assessment of hyperactivity-attention deficiency.
Toxicologic studies with japanese quail fed winter wheat grown on municipal sludge-amended soil

Winter wheat was grown on soil amended with 100 dry tons per acre (224 metric tons/ha) of municipal sewage sludge from Syracuse, New York. The grain contained 1.43 and 0.98 ppm (mg/kg) dry weight, respectively, of cadmium and nickel. This wheat was incorporated as 60% of a semi-synthetic diet and fed to male and female Japanese quail for two generations. Male quail from the F1 generation fed sludge-grown wheat showed induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes,i.e., aminopyrene-N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, that indicated foreign compounds present in the wheat. Cadmium was significantly higher (p 0.05) concentrations of cadmium in kidney, liver, or eggs between the two dietary treatments. There were no observable changes in the tissue ultrastructure of liver and kidney as examined by electron microscopy in any of the treatment groups.
Endovascular Repair of a Traumatic Arteriovenous Fistula 34 Years After the Injury: Report of a Case

Penetrating extremity injuries can result in the development of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), whereby normal blood flow through the capillary bed is bypassed. Late complications of untreated AVFs include proximal arterial dilatation, venous congestion, congestive heart failure, and distal ischemia. We report the case of a 57-year-old man who was referred to us for treatment of a traumatic AVF with multiple sequelae, 34 years after he sustained a shrapnel injury to his right lower leg. We performed successful endovascular repair of this AVF with the patient under spinal anesthesia. Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) done 1 month and 6 months later confirmed AVF exclusion. Patients may present with sequelae of traumatic AVFs many years after their initial injury. Endovascular repair of AVFs offers several advantages over conventional repair and can be performed successfully even in the presence of complex anatomic abnormalities.