cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Hybrid Vehicle Power Control—Part II: Online Intelligent Energy Management

This is the second paper in a series of two that describe our research in intelligent energy management in a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). In the first paper, we presented the machine-learning framework ML_EMO_HEV, which was developed for learning the knowledge about energy optimization in an HEV. The framework consists of machine-learning algorithms for predicting driving environments and generating the optimal power split of the HEV system for a given driving environment. In this paper, we present the following three online intelligent energy controllers: 1) IEC_HEV_SISE; 2) IEC_HEV_MISE ; and 3) IEC_HEV_MIME. All three online intelligent energy controllers were trained within the machine-learning framework ML_EMO_HEV to generate the best combination of engine power and battery power in real time such that the total fuel consumption over the whole driving cycle is minimized while still meeting the driver's demand and the system constraints, including engine, motor, battery, and generator operation limits. The three online controllers were integrated into the Ford Escape hybrid vehicle model for online performance evaluation. Based on their performances on ten test drive cycles provided by the Powertrain Systems Analysis Toolkit library, we can conclude that the roadway type and traffic congestion level specific machine learning of optimal energy management is effective for in-vehicle energy control. The best controller, IEC_HEV_MISE, trained with the optimal power split generated by the DP optimization algorithm with multiple initial SOC points and single ending point, can provide fuel savings ranging from 5% to 19%. Together, these two papers cover the innovative technologies for modeling power flow, mathematical background of optimization in energy management, and machine-learning algorithms for generating intelligent energy controllers for quasioptimal energy flow in a power-split HEV.
THE MODE OF LIFE OF HYPSILOPHODON, THE SUPPOSEDLY ARBOREAL ORNITHOPOD DINOSAUR

Previous discussions of the mode of life of Hypsilophodon (Lower Cretaceous, England) are reviewed, and it is concluded that this primitive ornithopod was cursorial. There are no specific adaptations for an arboreal mode of life, and the hallux was not opposable. Metatarsal I was closely applied along its length to metatarsal II, and the first digit moved parallel to or. slightly away from the other digits. Relative to the trunk, the hind limb is long, with an elongate tibia and metatarsus, so that the proportions of the different regions fall in the range for cursorial mammals.
Theoretical electronic transition moments for the Ballik-Ramsay, Fox-Herzberg, and Swan systems of C2

Electronic transition moments and their variation with internuclear separation are calculated for the Ballik-Ramsay (b 3 Sigma g - a 3 Pi u), Fox-Herzberg (e 3 Pi g-a 3 Pi u) and Swan (d 3 Pi g-a 3 Pi u) band systems of C2, which appear in a variety of terrestrial and astrophysical sources. Electronic wave functions of the a 3 Pi u, b 2 Sigma g -, d 3 Pi g and e 3 Pi g states of C2 are obtained by means of a self-consistent field plus configuration interaction calculation using an atomic basis of 46 Slater-type orbitals, and theoretical potential energy curves and spectroscopic constants for the four electronic states were computed. The results obtained for both the potential energy curves and electronic transition moments are found to be in good agreement with experimental data.
Initial nucleotide frequencies of bacterial RNA synthesized during amino-acid starvation or changes of carbon source.

THERE is growing evidence to indicate that RNA synthesis in bacteria is regulated through adjustment of the frequency of initiation of new RNA molecules. In this framework an understanding of the process of initiation of RNA synthesis takes on a special importance, and for this reason we have investigated in varying conditions the composition of the 5′ terminal or first-inserted nucleotide. It has been previously shown that such initiations do not occur randomly, either in vivo1 or in the proper conditions in vitro2,3, but that RNA chains are exclusively initiated with the purines, adenosine and guanosine. Additionally, there was a recent suggestion based on in vitro studies that the nucleotide guanosine-3′-diphosphate-5′-diphosphate (MS1), proposed to be a regulatory agent in RNA synthesis, functioned by specifically depressing the frequency of initiation of a large fraction of RNA molecules beginning with guanosine4. Here we report, however, that in vivo, in conditions in which regulation of RNA synthesis is manifest, the ratio of molecules initiated with adenosine and guanosine is not changed.
The Bacterial Response Regulator ArcA Uses a Diverse Binding Site Architecture to Regulate Carbon Oxidation Globally

Despite the importance of maintaining redox homeostasis for cellular viability, how cells control redox balance globally is poorly understood. Here we provide new mechanistic insight into how the balance between reduced and oxidized electron carriers is regulated at the level of gene expression by mapping the regulon of the response regulator ArcA from Escherichia coli, which responds to the quinone/quinol redox couple via its membrane-bound sensor kinase, ArcB. Our genome-wide analysis reveals that ArcA reprograms metabolism under anaerobic conditions such that carbon oxidation pathways that recycle redox carriers via respiration are transcriptionally repressed by ArcA. We propose that this strategy favors use of catabolic pathways that recycle redox carriers via fermentation akin to lactate production in mammalian cells. Unexpectedly, bioinformatic analysis of the sequences bound by ArcA in ChIP-seq revealed that most ArcA binding sites contain additional direct repeat elements beyond the two required for binding an ArcA dimer. DNase I footprinting assays suggest that non-canonical arrangements of cis-regulatory modules dictate both the length and concentration-sensitive occupancy of DNA sites. We propose that this plasticity in ArcA binding site architecture provides both an efficient means of encoding binding sites for ArcA, σ70-RNAP and perhaps other transcription factors within the same narrow sequence space and an effective mechanism for global control of carbon metabolism to maintain redox homeostasis.
Analysis of distribution of tumor- and preneoplasia-infiltrating lymphocytes using simultaneous Hoechst 33342 labeling and immunophenotyping.

Hoechst 33342 in vivo staining was combined with immunofluorescent staining of cell surface antigens to quantify the distribution, relative to blood supply, of lymphocytes in a preneoplastic mammary lesion, the murine C4 hyperplastic alveolar nodule (HAN), and the C4 adenocarcinoma which develops from C4 HAN. The vascular supply to lymphocytes expressing Thy 1. 2, L3T4, Ly2, and ASGM1 cell surface antigens was evaluated in both tissues. The distribution of ASGM1 + cells, which include natural killer cells, differed between the two tissues, being significantly increased in the 20% brightest Hoechst-stained lymphocyte fraction in HAN but not in C4 tumor. Distribution of T lymphocytes did not differed between the two tissues. The combination of in vivo Hoechst 33342 with in vitro immunofluorescence provides a simple method to evaluate the distribution with regard to blood supply of lymphocyte subsets in solid tumors and preneoplastic lesions.
Genetic studies of manic-depressive illness.

Inconclusive results from linkage studies of bipolar illness mirror the complexity of the disease.
Automated analysis of database usage logs in a metasearch environment: The library of Texas experience

The poster presents an overview of a research and development effort for a mechanism to produce reliable usage reports for the Library of Texas (LOT) Resource Discovery Service (RDS) metasearch application. The RDS Log Analyzer was designed and implemented by the Texas Center for Digital Knowledge project team as part of a contract with the Texas State Library and Archives Commission to support the LOT RDS. Developers of the RDS application had requirements to implement a mechanism for capturing RDS user transactions in custom log files.
Interaction of polymer microspheres with mucin gels as a means of characterizing polymer retention on mucus

Abstract Adhesive interactions of microspheres composed of a model polymer, poly[bis(π-carboxyphenoxy)propane-co-sebacic anhydride], with the intestinal mucosa of Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Particle height, meniscus height, immersed surface area, and directional contact angles, to which the various forces acting on a particle were related, were measured by video microscopy and correlated to the particle diameter. The mucoadhesive force exerted on a particle was dependent on the viscoelastic properties of the mucosa and increased with the particle diameter. For particles with diameters larger than 900 μm, an average mucoadhesive force of 120 μN was calculated. The specific immersed surface decreased with particle diameter and reached a low plateau value of 2.4 × 10−3 μm−1 for diameters larger than 900 μm.
Attitude change and death education: A consideration of goals

Abstract The goals of death anxiety reduction and the creation of adaptive, positive, or favorable attitudes toward death in death education courses, as reflected by evaluation procedures, are critically examined. It is argued that the emphasis on simple quantitative measures of course impact may reflect unexamined assumptions about the “proper” attitudes toward death and relatively little concern with the symbolic meanings of different attitudes or with the process of relating to one's experience of death. Using Lifton's concept of the psycho formative process, the possible relations between attitudes and psychological experience are discussed, and it is suggested that death education courses and evaluations be oriented toward increasing the symbolic engagement with the experience of death rather than toward simple fear reduction or the creation of so-called favorable attitudes.
Postmodern Allegory and David Lynch's Wild at Heart

(1995). Postmodern Allegory and David Lynch's Wild at Heart . Critical Arts: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 5-20.
Electroabsorption Studies of Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer in Ru(phenanthroline)32+: Evidence for Intrinsic Charge Localization in the Initially Formed Excited State

Electroabsorption studies of ruthenium(II) tris(phenanthroline) show that a substantial change in dipole moment (|Δμ| = 6.7 ± 1 D) accompanies ground state to “singlet” metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited-state formation. The change is nearly identical to that reported for the 2,2‘-bipyridine analogue (Oh; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1130). Since both species lack ground-state dipole moments, the finite values for Δμ are diagnostic of intrinsic charge localization in the excited states. The nominally triplet transition for the phenanthroline complex also involves the formation of a charge localized state. The combined results are inconsistent, therefore, with an alternative “delocalized” charge transfer excited-state interpretation suggested by time-resolved resonance Raman studies of the tris(phenanthroline) complex.
Translational energy release following multiphoton dissociation of organometallics

Abstract We have measured translational energy distributions for state selected metal atoms produced by multiphoton dissociation (MPD) of organometallics in supersonic nozzle beams under isolated molecule conditions. Ground state chromium atoms liberated by 361 nm MPD of Cr(CO) 6 are produced at ≈ 2200 K. This shows that the only significant MPD pathway must be a net three photon process. 7 S 3 tungsten atoms produced from W(CO) 6 are produced in a ≈ 4000 K Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The results of these experiments are discussed in terms of energetics and their implications for laser driven particle and thin film formation.
Anti-Predator Aggression in Birds Nesting in Old Field Habitats: An Experimental Analysis

of elaborate, cryptic, or concealed nests, distraction displays, and nest guarding (Simmons 1955, Ricklefs 1969, Slack 1976, Scott 1977). There is evidence, although anecdotal, that some species will attack nest predators (for examples see Nolan 1959, Zimmerman 1963, Pettingill 1976). This behavior differs from other forms of anti-predator adaptations in that birds are vulnerable to injury when attacking a predator. In this paper I report on an experiment dealing with the aggressive responses of breeding birds to nest predators in an oldfield habitat. The major predators in old fields seem to be snakes, although birds (e.g. Blue Jays, Cyanocitta cristata) and small mammals cause some losses (Nolan 1963, Thompson and Nolan 1973, Best 1978, Gottfried and Thompson 1978). The study attempts to answer the following questions: 1) How prone are nesting birds to attack a nest predator? 2) Are nesting birds able to recognize nest predators, or do they indiscriminately attack any animal near their nests? 3) Do nesting birds respond differently to Blue Jays than to snakes? 4) Does the stage of the nesting cycle influence the intensity of anti-predator aggression?
Plastic surgery residency graduate outcomes: a 43-year experience at a single institution and the first "integrated" training program in the United States.

Introduction The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education emphasizes outcome-based residency education. This project is an outcomes study on graduates of the Stanford University Integrated Plastic Surgery Residency. Methods A survey assessing various outcomes, including practice profile, financial, personal, and educational issues, was electronically distributed to all 130 graduates between 1966 and 2009. Results There was a 65% response rate. Nearly all respondents are currently in practice. Popular fellowships included hand and microsurgery. Most respondents participated in research and held leadership roles. Adequate residency education was noted in areas of patient care, board preparation, and ethical and legal issues. Inadequate residency education was noted in areas of managing a practice, coding, and cost-effective medicine. Conclusions This is the first long-term outcomes study of plastic surgery graduates. Most are in active, successful practice. We have incorporated educational content related to running a small business, contract negotiating, and marketing to better prepare our residents for future practice.
Advance Directives and Resuscitation Issues in the Care of Patients in Orthopaedic Surgery

A sixty-two-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of an inability to walk secondary to severe pain in the left hip as well as a large, fungating infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast. Computed tomography demonstrated multiple areas of osseous metastases. The left femoral neck and acetabulum were at risk for impending fracture. In discussing the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment with the patient, she indicated that she wanted treatment that would slow and palliate the cancer, including chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. She did not wish for cardiopulmonary resuscitation or mechanical intubation to be performed. A do-not-resuscitate order was entered in her chart. However, she agreed to surgery and radiation therapy to stabilize the metastatic lesion in the femur, since it could improve her mobility and her overall quality of life. The average age of an orthopaedic patient undergoing hip replacement in the United States is sixty-six years1. In this century, the growth rate of the elderly population (individuals sixty-five years old and over) has greatly exceeded the growth rate of the population of the country as a whole. The elderly population has increased by a factor of eleven, from three million in 1900, to thirty-three million in 1994. During the same time period, the total population, including those who are less than sixty-five years old, tripled. Under the current U.S. Census Bureau's projections, the number of individuals sixty-five years old and over is expected to more than double to eighty million by the middle of this century. Roughly one in eight Americans was elderly in 1994, and about one in five will be elderly by the year 2030. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, one of every twenty-six baby boomers, i.e., members of the generation born from 1946 through 1964, will reach the age of 100 years …
Chemoprevention of aflatoxicosis in poultry by dietary butylated hydroxytoluene

Abstract Turkeys are among the most sensitive species to the toxic effects of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ). The programme reported explored whether dietary antioxidants, which have been shown to exert strong chemopreventive properties against AFB 1 bioactivity in mammalian models, are likewise protective in turkeys. The feed of 10-day-old male white turkeys were supplemented with BHT (4000 ppm) for the 20 days of the experiment. At the 10th day of pretreatment, AFB 1 (1 ppm) was added to some of the diets for another 10 days to give the following groups: control (no treatment), AFB 1 -only, AFB 1 + BHT, and BHT only. Birds in the AFB 1 -only group had a lower weight gain, a condition which had returned to near control in groups fed diets containing AFB 1 + BHT. Activity of hepatic a microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A homologue as well as conversion of AFB 1 to the putative toxic metabolite, the exo -AFB 1 -8,9-epoxide (AFBO) were significantly lower in the BHT group compared to control. Conversely, dietary BHT significantly increased activities of the phase II enzymes glutathione S -transferase, as well as quinone oxidoreductase (QOR). However, there was no observable BHT-related increase in GST-mediated specific conjugation with microsomally-generated AFBO. Dietary AFB 1 caused diffuse hepatocellular necrosis and biliary hyperplasia, the severity of which was significantly lessened in the AFB 1 + BHT treated group. Slight hepatocellular hydropic degeneration was observed in the BHT-only group, but not in the AFB 1 + BHT groups. This condition associated with BHT treatment was found in a separate study to be reversible and without any long-term adverse effects. Despite induction of phase II enzymes in turkey liver, our data indicates that the strong chemopreventive ability of BHT appears to occur via primarily inhibition of AFB 1 activation, while having no measurable effect toward specific AFB 1 detoxification by GST. Thus, BHT and possibly related phenolic antioxidants may prove to be a viable feed additive for the reduction of aflatoxicosis in poultry.
Catheter ablation of clinical intraatrial reentrant tachycardias resulting from previous atrial surgery: Localizing and transecting the critical isthmus

Objectives. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of anatomically based radiofrequency catheter ablation for the treatment of intraatrial reentrant tachycardia in patients with previous atrial surgery. Background. Intraatrial reentrant tachycardias, a common late complication of atrial surgery, are often refractory to standard medical management. Data from experimental animals and from humans indicate that anatomic barriers resulting from residual atrial scars provide a substrate for intraatrial reentry. We speculated that these tachycardias require a narrow isthmus of tissue between surgical scars and native nonconductive boundaries and that transection of this isthmus with radiofrequency ablation would therefore constitute an effective treatment. Methods. Fourteen patients with a history of atrial surgery and clinical intraatrial reentrant tachycardia underwent electrophysiologic testing. From activation mapping, putative surgical scars and patches that served as boundaries of reentrant circuits were identified. Radiofrequency lesions were then placed to transect the narrowest isthmus of conducting tissue between a surgical scar and an anatomic barrier. Catheter ablation was attempted only for tachycardias consistent with the patient's clinical arrhythmias. Results. Radiofrequency catheter ablation was attempted for 17 (55%) of 31 tachycardias identified; it successfully terminated tachycardias in 13 (93%) of 14 patients (95% confidence interval [CI] 79% to 99%). There were clinical recurrences in six patients (46%, 95% CI 19% to 73%), each of whom underwent a repeat ablation that was successful. Twelve (86%) of 14 patients (95% CI 67% to 99%) have remained free of intraatrial reentrant tachycardia for a mean of 7.5 ± 5.3 months. Conclusions. Anatomically guided radiofrequency catheter ablation is an effective technique for definitive management of intraatrial reentrant tachycardia in patients with previous atrial surgery.
The Effect of Failed States on the Well-Being and Lives of People with Disabilities

This chapter will present documentation to describe failed states and attempt to draw a connection between state failure and the lives of people with disabilities. There is a general lack of evidence linking state failure directly with disability, either in terms of its effect on the well-being and lives of people with disabilities or as a cause of disability. However, through an examination of current literature, ancillary evidence and specific cases, the association between failed-states and disability is addressed through an assessment of the effects and ramifications of state failure on people in general; through the link between state failure and poverty; and the link between poverty and disability. Through these associations it will be shown that state failure can have significant detrimental effects on the lives of people with disabilities.
MONOCLONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANISING ARTERIAL THROMBI: SIGNIFICANCE IN THE ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES

The clonal characteristics of 26 arterial thrombi at different stages of organisation were determined using the X-linked enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G.-6-P.D.), as a clonal marker in 13 women heterozygous for electrophoretically separable G.-6-P.D. isoenzymes. A gradation of increasing monoclonality was observed with increasing organisation of the thrombi, such that only 21% of poorly organised (red) thrombi displayed monoclonal characteristics similar to those of atherosclerotic plaques, whereas 78% of moderately organised (pink) thrombi and 91% of well-organised (white) thrombi showed such characteristics. These results provide objective evidence for the role of thrombosis in the formation of human atherosclerotic plaques.
On a paper of lake about infinite graphs

Abstract Lake has constructed graphs G and H such that H contains n disjoint subgraphs isomorphic to G for each positive integer n but H does not contain infinitely many disjoint subgraphs isomorphic to G . Here a concrete example of such graphs with H the lattice points of the plane is given.
E-optimal designs when errors follow a conditional autonormal process

This paper deals with E-optimal incomplete block designs in blocks of size three when observations within each block are correlated according to a conditional autonormal process. The optimality problem is addressed within various subclasses of connected designs under generalized least squares estimation of treatment contrasts.
Gay Identity, Interpersonal Violence, and HIV Risk Behaviors: An Empirical Test of Theoretical Relationships among a Probability-Based Sample of Urban Men Who Have Sex with Men

The highest absolute number of new HIV infections and AIDS cases still occur among men who have sex with men (MSM). Numerous theoretical approaches have been used to understand HIV risk behaviors among MSM; however, no theoretical model examines sexual risk behaviors in the context of gay identity and interpersonal violence. Using a model testing predictive correlational design, the theoretical relationships between childhood sexual abuse, adverse early life experiences, gay identity, substance use, battering, aversive emotions, HIV alienation, cue-to-action triggers, and HIV risk behaviors were empirically tested using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The relationships between these constructs are complex, yet childhood sexual abuse and gay identity were found to be theoretically associated with HIV risk behaviors. Also of importance, battering victimization was identified as a key mediating variable between childhood sexual abuse, gay identity, and adverse early life experiences and HIV risk behaviors among urban MSM.
Women’s Sexual Orientations and Their Experiences of Sexual Assault Before and During University

Abstract Purpose We sought to examine relationships between women's sexual orientations and their sexual assault experiences before and during university. Methods Self-reported responses on a web-based survey of 5,439 female undergraduates who participated in the Campus Sexual Assault study were analyzed to compare three groups: bisexuals, lesbians, and heterosexuals. Groups were compared in terms of the prevalence of sexual assault before and during university, and the extent to which sexual assault before university predicted sexual assault during university. Findings The prevalence of sexual assault before and during university was higher among bisexuals and lesbians compared with heterosexuals (25.4% of bisexuals, 22.4% of lesbians, and 10.7% of heterosexuals were sexually assaulted before university; 24.0% of bisexuals, 17.9% of lesbians, and 13.3% of heterosexuals were sexually assaulted during university). Sexual assault before university was highly predictive of sexual assault during university, especially among non-heterosexuals. Compared with heterosexuals not sexually assaulted before university (the referent group), previously assaulted non-heterosexuals (bisexuals/lesbians) had eight times the odds of sexual assault during university (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 8.75), whereas previously assaulted heterosexuals had four times the odds of sexual assault during university (AOR, 4.40). However, there was no difference in the odds of sexual assault during university between non-heterosexuals not sexually assaulted before university and heterosexuals not sexually assaulted before university. Conclusion Bisexual and lesbian women are more likely than heterosexual women to be sexually assaulted before and during university. Sexual assault before university is linked to sexual assault during university for all women, with this association being especially pronounced among non-heterosexuals.
Sport and common-sense racial science

This paper confronts the salience of arguments that identify the racial basis of athletic ability. It is argued that these notions of racial athleticism are developed through the interaction between ideas and ways of thinking about human beings and racial groups, reflecting Gramsci's concept of ‘common sense’ that explores the complex correspondence between the presentation of fact and opinion, science and myth. The paper suggests that the mobilization of objective scientific method and subjective plural multiculturalist values within racial athleticism help reinforce its claims to logical validity and moral legitimacy. In response, it is argued that the presentation of the biological basis of race and integrity of cultural difference and particularity within a scientific, intuitive, and principled framework constitutes racial athleticism as a powerful common‐sense idea that cannot be easily dismantled by the simple counter‐presentation of alternative facts. Rather, it is suggested that a progressive resp...
Race and Gender Equity in Sports: Have White and African American Females Benefited Equally From Title IX?

Males have been the dominant focus of sports participation in America since the 19th century. Serious examination of women’s participation in sports did not begin to receive substantial treatment until the early 1970s, when social and legal forces led to the enactment of Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The purpose of the present study is to address the question of whether Black and White women have benefited equally from Title IX by (a) examining Post–Title IX trends in Black and White females’ sport participation in high school and college, using data from national longitudinal surveys; (b) assessing the effect of race on sport participation opportunities for high school girls based on these data:, and (c) examining legal cases involving Title IX to assess the extent to which legal challenges have improved access to and participation of Black women in sports relative to their White female counterparts. The findings of the current study reveal that this benefit h...
Recognition of the flexor digitorum accessorius longus.

The flexor digitorum accessorius longus muscle was observed during a cadaveric surgery course on the foot and ankle for third-year podiatric medical students. The cadaveric foot had been amputated just proximal to the ankle level so that the muscle origin could not be determined; its insertion, however, was found to be into the flexor digitorum longus tendon, just before the tendon split into its digital slips. This article reviews the literature on the muscle and its clinical implications and describes and shows the muscle as it was seen in this case. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 92(8): 463-466, 2002)
INTRODUCTION OF POTENTIAL HEARTWATER VECTORS AND OTHER EXOTIC TICKS INTO FLORIDA ON IMPORTED REPTILES

Following the discovery of establishment of the African tortoise tick Amblyomma marmoreum in Florida, the present study was undertaken to determine the extent of introduction of exotic ticks into Florida on imported reptiles. Exotic ticks were identified on 29 (91%) of 32 reptile premises in 18 counties of Florida. The ticks, found on a variety of imported tortoises, snakes, and monitor lizards, belonged to 4 Amblyomma species (A. marmoreum, Amblyomma nuttalli, Amblyomma sabanerae, and Amblyomma sparsum) and 4 Aponomma species (Aponomma exornatum, Aponomma flavomaculatum, Aponomma latum, and Aponomma varanensis). The most commonly encountered ticks were A. latum and A. marmoreum. The identifications of A. marmoreum on 8 premises in 7 counties, and of A. sparsum on 1 premises, are of great concern because both species are vectors of heartwater, a lethal disease of cattle, sheep, goats, and deer.
Memory complaints and risk of cognitive impairment after nearly 2 decades among older women

Objectives: To investigate the association between subjective memory complaints (SMCs) and long-term risk of cognitive impairment in aging because most previous studies have followed individuals for only a few years. Methods: Participants were 1,107 cognitively normal, community-dwelling older women (aged 65 years and older at baseline) in a prospective study of aging. SMCs were assessed shortly after baseline and repeatedly over time with the yes/no question, “Do you feel you have more problems with memory than most?” Cognitive status 18 years later (normal or impaired with mild cognitive impairment or dementia) was determined by an expert panel. Using logistic regression, we investigated the association between SMCs over time and risk of cognitive impairment, adjusting for demographics, baseline cognition, and characteristics that differed between those with and without SMCs. Results: At baseline, 8.0% of participants (n = 89) endorsed SMCs. Baseline SMCs were associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment 18 years later (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.1–2.8). Results were unchanged after excluding participants with depression. The association between SMCs and cognitive impairment was greatest at the last SMC assessment time point (18 years before diagnosis: adjusted OR = 1.7 [1.1–2.9]; 14 years before diagnosis: adjusted OR = 1.6 [0.9–2.7]; 10 years before diagnosis: adjusted OR = 1.9 [1.1–3.1]; 4 years before diagnosis: adjusted OR = 3.0 [1.8–5.0]). Conclusions: SMCs are associated with cognitive impairment nearly 2 decades later among older women. SMCs may be a very early symptom of an insidious neurodegenerative disease process, such as Alzheimer disease.
Case Report: The Heparin Flush Syndrome: A Cause of Iatrogenic Hemorrhage

ABSTRACT The anticoagulant drug heparin is used extensively in modern hospital practice. The major therapeutic use of this drug remains treatment and prevention of systemic thrombosis. However, an increasing amount of heparin is being used in nontherapeutic protocols to implement newer, more invasive technology when the body’s protective clotting mechanism would otherwise interfere. Buried in protocols, heparin has become ubiquitous in standard hospital practice. One such protocol is the use of heparinized solutions to “flush” arterial and venous catheters in order to maintain patency and thus, vascular access. Often these flush solutions are considered to be as innocuous as “simple saline.” We report a patient who experienced postoperative bleeding resulting from overuse of “heparin flushes,” and necessitating a second surgery. The excessive hemorrhage following this inadvertent anticoagulation has been named the “heparin flush syndrome,” to call attention to the serious and sometimes fatal side-effects of heparinized solutions.
HER2 FISH classification of equivocal HER2 IHC breast cancers with use of the 2013 ASCO/CAP practice guideline.

The status of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, ERBB2) determines the eligibility of breast cancer patients to receive HER2-targeted therapy. The majority of HER2 testing in the U.S. is performed using a combination of immunohistochemistry (IHC) screening followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for IHC equivocal cases. In 2013, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) updated the guideline for HER2 testing. This study evaluates the impact of the 2013 ASCO/CAP updated guideline on final HER2 FISH classification of breast cancers with an equivocal IHC result. For each case, we reported a FISH result according to the 2013 updated guideline and recorded a separated result using the 2007 guideline for investigational purpose. McNemar's test and Bowker's symmetry test were used to compare the classifications by the two guidelines. Among 172 HER2 IHC 2+ equivocal cases, use of the 2103 guideline changed classifications in 36 cases (21 %) when compared with the results expected by use of the 2007 guideline, and yielded a higher proportion of positive (28.5 vs. 23.3 %) and equivocal (16.3 vs. 4.1 %), and a lower proportion of negative (55.2 vs. 72.7 %) cases (p < 0.001). The major classification change with use of the updated guideline is from the HER2 FISH negative to equivocal in 26 cases (15 %). Our study has shown that implementation of the 2013 ASCO/CAP updated guideline has significant impact on HER2 classification for breast cancers with an equivocal HER2 IHC result and therefore increased the use of HER2-targeted therapy. Our data have also shown that reflex FISH is effective for final classification of the IHC equivocal cases and that polysomy 17 (CEP17 copy number ≥3/cell) is present in a significantly higher proportion of cases with an equivocal HER2 FISH classification.
Protecting the Kidney in Liver Transplant Recipients: Practice‐Based Recommendations From the American Society of Transplantation Liver and Intestine Community of Practice

Both acute and chronic kidney disease are common after liver transplantation and result in significant morbidity and mortality. The introduction of the Model for End-stage Liver Disease score has directly correlated with an increased prevalence of perioperative renal dysfunction and the number of simultaneous liver-kidney transplantations performed. Kidney dysfunction in this population is typically multifactorial and related to preexisting conditions, pretransplantation renal injury, perioperative events, and posttransplantation nephrotoxic immunosuppressive therapies. The management of kidney disease after liver transplantation is challenging, as by the time the serum creatinine level is significantly elevated, few interventions affect the course of progression. Also, immunological factors such as antibody-mediated kidney rejection have become of greater interest given the rising liver-kidney transplant population. Therefore, this review, assembled by experts in the field and endorsed by the American Society of Transplantation Liver and Intestine Community of Practice, provides a critical assessment of measures of renal function and interventions aimed at preserving renal function early and late after liver and simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation. Key points and practice-based recommendations for the prevention and management of kidney injury in this population are provided to offer guidance for clinicians and identify gaps in knowledge for future investigations.
Absorption of silicone oil by a dimethylsiloxane elastomer

Abstract Polydimethylsiloxane elastomer immersed in DC 200 silicone oil at temperatures of 180–200°C absorbs oil by two concurrent processes, a rapid and reversible diffusion process and a slower, irreversible process resulting from the chemical degradation of the sample. Absorption by diffusion reaches equilibrium in 200 h, and the absorption capacity depends on the amount of curing agent used in the preparation of the elastomer composite. The oil absorbed during this period can be removed by extraction. The absorption capacity is less for the elastomer composites containing silica and decreases linearly with the volume fraction of elastomer in the sample, indicating that only the elastomer absorbs oil. The rate of absorption depends on t1/2 and has a weak temperature dependence. The diffusion coefficients are in the range 10−12 m2/s, and do not seem to be affected by the presence of filler. While the diffusion of oil does not appear to produce chemical changes in the elastomer, the elastomer is graduall...
Alteration of serum cholesterol by dietary fats.

SummarySerum total cholesterol concentration was measured in 122 young men and 19 young women before and after 9 days during which each person ingested daily 57 g of corn oil, olive oil, safflower oil or butterfat. The subjects were instructed to follow their usual diets during this period and body weight measurements indicated that the experimental fats did not supplant an equal quantity of ordinary diet calories. The subjects who ingested butterfat showed a slight but statistically insignificant rise in the serum cholesterol while those who ingested the other fats exhibited a statistically significant decrease, averaging 23.0 + 2.8 mg per 100 ml with corn oil, 18.0 + 4.6 with safflower oil and 10.7 + 2.3 with olive oil. Compared with the safflower oil the corn oil was more saturated (iodine value 126.7 vs. 144.2) and contained less linoleic acid (57.5 vs. 72.0%), so it is concluded that the cholesterol depressant action of the corn oil was not fully accounted for by its degree of unsaturation or content...
Untersuchung der Rolle der chemischen Kinetik in der Stratosphäre und der Mesosphäre

Ein Rechenmodell eines Schemas der Kinetik von chemischen Vorgangen zwischen einer Auswahl von in der Stratosphare sphare und der Mesosphare vorkommenden atomaren, molekularen und freien radikalischen Teilchen wird dargestellt. Es werden 21 Teilchen und 90 chemische Reaktionen und Photodissoziationsprozesse berucksichtigt. Das Modell schliest 28 Reaktionen von 7 kohlenstoffhaltigen Molekulen und Radikalen ein. Die Berechnungen gelten fur den Hohenbereich von 20 bis 70 km. Sie zeigen, das die Vorstellung eines konstanten Mischungsverhaltnisses in dem betrachteten Bereich nur fur die beiden Hauptbestandteile und die Edelgase gultig ist. Sie zeigen weiters, das die Teilchendichte der atomaren Sauerstoffpartikel als Folge der Wechselwirkungen mit den kohlenstoffhaltigen Teilchen geringer ist als fruher berechnet.
Optical and Electrical Properties of Doped Polysilanes

The doping effects on optical and electrical properties of polysilanes have been investigated by in-situ measurement. An optical absorption associated with σ−σ* transition was observed near 330 nm for polymethylphenylsilane. By iodine doping, a new absorption was observed at the longer wavelength around 420 nm, which should originate from the charge transfer between dopant and σ-conjugated system. Similar spectral changes have also been observed for most of investigated linear polysilanes. Furthermore, we have found drastic spectral change upon iodine doping into polysilane with p-N,N-dimethylatninophenyl substituent. It has very strong absorption up to 700 nm. It might originate from a strong interaction between the substituent and iodine. At the same time, σ-conjugation might also play a significant role on doping into this system.
Social Determinants of Population Health: A Systems Sciences Approach

Population distributions of health emerge from the complex interplay of health-related factors at multiple levels, from the biological to the societal level. Individuals are aggregated within social networks, affected by their locations, and influenced differently across time. From aggregations of individuals, group properties can emerge, including some exposures that are ubiquitous within populations but variant across populations. By combining a focus on social determinants of health with a conceptual framework for understanding how genetics, biology, behavior, psychology, society, and environment interact, a systems science approach can inform our understanding of the underlying causes of the unequal distribution of health across generations and populations, and can help us identify promising approaches to reduce such inequalities. In this paper, we discuss how systems science approaches have already made several substantive and methodological contributions to the study of population health from a social epidemiology perspective.
Applied analysis of IT in cross operation management of large agricultural machinery

Aimed at the characteristics of large cross-operating farm machinery,by the survey and analysis of cross-operations management of large agricultural machinery,the paper proposed the establishment of information technology,the concept of TMR organizational model,its specific application was also discussed.
Metalloproteins: Mapping elusive electron density.

Iron–sulfur metalloproteins are critical for electron transfer in bacterial metabolism, but most crystal structures are insufficient for their in-depth study. Now, acquisition of an iron–sulfur protein structure at ultra-high resolution enables detailed visualization of its electron distribution.
Jejunal calcium transport in health and metabolic bone disease: Effect of vitamin D.

Net absorption (JnetCa) and unidirectional fluxes (JMSCa, JSMCa) of calcium were determined by continuous intestinal perfusion of a 30-cm segment of proximal jejunum on 24 occasions in 12 children. The test solution contained calcium gluconate, 2.5 mmoles per liter, and radioactive 47Ca. The results were compared with those of preceding metabolic balance studies in 22 instances. The subjects included 5 patients with sporadic vitamin D-resistant rickets, and 1 each with florid nutritional rickets and with acute disuse osteoporosis. In controls, the bidirectional calcium flux across the luminal cell wall of the absorbing epithelium, as measured by JSMCa, is small in magnitude. Jejunal calcium absorption was decreased in all untreated patients; in 5 of these, this was attributable to a reduction in mucosal calcium uptake (JMSCa) but 2 patients with vitamin D-resistant rickets demonstrated an unexpected increase in calcium flux in the reverse direction (JSMCa). Therapy with vitamin D2 invariably resulted in accelerated net calcium absorption without changes in net transport of water, sodium, chloride, and potassium, and in flow rate and calcium content of fasting intestinal contents. A linear correlation (r = 0.87) existed between JnetCa and net calcium absorption determined by metabolic balance study. JnetCa of less than 3 μ moles per hr-cm correctly separated patients with untreated metabolic bone disease from treated patients and control subjects on 22 of 23 occasions. Jejunal calcium absorption, determined by steady state intestinal perfusion, proved to be a reliable and convenient indicator of total calcium balance in this group of subjects.
Molecular Diagnosis and Modern Management of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

The identification of the gene responsible for Becker and Duchenne muscular dystrophy and the characterization of the corresponding biochemical defect, dystrophin, has dramatically changed the management of patient and families with these disorders. The majority of patients with a muscle disease are now recognized to have some form of dystrophinopathy, and the correct identification of these patients is critical not only for patient care, but for family genetic counseling. The clinician must now be familiar with an array of molecular diagnostic procedures and their correct implementation and interpretation. The range of clinical disorders caused by dystrophin abnormalities has expanded to include a large range of myopathic conditions, including the presentation of cardiomyopathy. Radically new therapeutic strategies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy are being tried, and many provide hope that treatment may soon be available.
NUMERICAL ASYMPTOTIC FUNCTIONS IN CALCULATIONS OF ELECTRON-MOLECULE SCATTERING

Model studies show that variational R-matrix theory and hybrid versions of the Kohn variational method can be organized so that principal computational steps are common to both methods. In order to take advantage of these theoretical developments, a collaboration has been initiated that includes P. G. Burke, at Belfast; C. J. Noble, at the Daresbury Laboratory, England; L. A. Morgan, at Royal Holloway College, England; and the present author. The general plan is to explore and design computational methods for electron-molecule scattering that can be built onto the existing ALCHEMY system1 of bound state molecular wave function programs. The programs are at present limited to diatomic target molecules, using atomic basis orbitals of exponential form (STOs), augmented by continuum basis functions in the form of spherical Bessel functions and by numerical asymptotic functions (NAFs). Integrals required for calculations on polyatomic target molecules are currently being programmed.
Poetry and Psychology

Interest in the psychological effect of poetry is certainly not a new phenomenon. It is traceable back to the first-century Greek writer Longinus, who emphasized the power of poetry to arouse and gratify the emotions of the audience, and farther back still, to Aristotle (fourth century B.C.), who explained the overwhelming impact of tragic drama as the purging of emotions of pity and fear. Both assumed what all subsequent critics concerned with poetry and psychology do: that when we respond to poetry, it is not simply at the intellectual level; a full response draws upon depths of self that we may not, as readers, fully understand or significantly control. Poetry is obviously not alone among the arts in eliciting such response, but it seems especially empowered in that direction.
The Great Beast

If the accounts of ‘morality’ discussed in the previous three chapters amount, with others akin to them, to a tradition in moral philosophy, there is as well a tradition of critical opposition to them; and if the one tradition can be said to begin with Plato’s Glaucon, the other can be said to begin with his Socrates. In the sixth book of the Republic, Socrates remarks of ‘those salaried individuals whom the public call sophists and regard as their rivals’ that they teach ‘nothing but those beliefs which the multitude express in their assemblies, and this they call wisdom.’ He goes on: It is as though a man who is keeper of a huge and powerful beast had got to know its tempers and its desires, how best to approach and how best to handle it, when it has its sulkiest and when its mildest moods and what causes them, on what occasions it is in the habit of uttering its various cries, and what sounds will soothe or provoke it. Now suppose him, after he had got to know all these things from long experience of the animal, to call this knowledge wisdom, and systematizing it into an art, to take to teaching. He has no true knowledge as to which of these beliefs and desires is beautiful or ugly, good or bad, just or unjust.