cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
U.S. DOE/NETL Core R&D Program for Carbon Storage Technology Development

Abstract The Carbon Storage Program contains three principal components: Core Research and Development (RD (2) Monitoring, Verification, Accounting (MVA), and Assessment; and (3) Carbon Use and Reuse. The GSRA Technology Area is subdivided into six Key Technologies (wellbore; mitigation; fluid flow, pressure, and water management; geomechanical impacts; geochemical impacts; and risk assessment). The MVA Technology Area is subdivided into four Key Technologies (atmospheric monitoring; near-surface monitoring; subsurface monitoring; and intelligent monitoring). The Carbon Use and Reuse is subdivided into three Key Technologies (polycarbonate plastics, mineralization/cements, and chemicals). This paper addresses the Core R&D geologic storage effort and how it is meeting the R&D challenges in the GSRA and MVA Technology Areas.
The study of fixture stiffness part I: a finite element analysis for stiffness of fixture units

This paper presents a systematic finite element model to predict the fixture unit stiffness by introducing nonlinear contact elements on the contact surface between fixture components. The contact element includes three independent springs: two in tangential directions and one in the normal direction of the contact surface. Strong nonlinearity is caused by possible separation and sliding between two fixture components. The problem is formulated by the penalty function method and is solved by the modified Newton--Raphson procedure. The model was validated by two cases of analysis of a linear cantilever beam and a simple fixture unit with two components. Results are in agreement with the corresponding analytical solution of beams and the previous experiment results for fixture in the literature.
Bayesian hierarchical modeling for time course microarray experiments

Time course microarray experiments designed to characterize the dynamic regulation of gene expression in biological systems are becoming increasingly important. One critical issue that arises when examining time course microarray data is the identification of genes that show different temporal expression patterns among biological conditions. Here we propose a Bayesian hierarchical model to incorporate important experimental factors and to account for correlated gene expression measurements over time and over different genes. A new gene selection algorithm is also presented with the model to simultaneously identify genes that show changes in expression among biological conditions, in response to time and other experimental factors of interest. The algorithm performs well in terms of the false positive and false negative rates in simulation studies. The methodology is applied to a mouse model time course experiment to correlate temporal changes in azoxymethane-induced gene expression profiles with colorectal cancer susceptibility.
From Reading Readiness to Reading Competence: The Role of Self-Regulation in At-Risk Children

This study investigated how self-regulation contributes to the development of reading competence in an at-risk sample of 157 children born to adolescent mothers. It was hypothesized that reading readiness at age 5 would shape self-regulation at age 10, which in turn would influence reading competence at age 14. Based on structural equation modeling, it was concluded that self-regulation partially mediated the relationship between early reading skills and later reading competence. These findings suggest the importance of socioemotional and cognitive self-regulation in the development of reading competence; implications for classroom practice are discussed.
Time course of enkephalin mRNA and peptides in cultured rat adrenal medulla

Abstract Explantation of rat adrenal medullae to organ culture results in dramatic changes in enkephalins and catecholamines that are similar to the changes seen in vivo in response to denervation, which eliminates transsynaptic impulse activity. We have used rapid and sensitive solution hybridization methods to measure preproenkephalin (PPenk) mRNA and total cellular RNA in samples from rat tissues and adrenal medullary explants. The profiles of adrenal medullary PPenk mRNA, enkephalin-containing (EC) peptides, total cellular RNA and catecholamines [epinephrine (epi) and norepinephrine (norepi)] were measured during 14 days of organ culture. After 8 h in culture, total RNA had declined by 60%, epi and norepi declined 80 to 85% and EC peptides by 50% while the amount of PPenk mRNA per gland increased by 400%. Between 8 h and 14 days total RNA and catecholamine levels remained constant while PPenk mRNA increased to a peak of 85 ± 10 (S.E.M.) pg/gland at 2–4 days, a value that was 80 times greater than the zero time (preculture) values. EC peptide levels lagged behind the increase in PPenk mRNA and reached a peak of 25 ± 4 (S.E.M.) pmol Met-enkephalin equivalents/gland at 4 days that was 80 times greater than zero time values. Both PPenk mRNA and EC peptides declined in parallel between 4 and 14 days. The ratio of the copies of proenkephalin (Penk) peptide to PPenk mRNA was estimated to be 25,000 at the time of explantation and after 4 days in culture. From steady-state kinetics half-life estimates of 9.6 h for PPenk mRNA and 14.7 h for Penk peptide were obtained. These results indicate that there is a proportional change in the steady-state levels of Penk peptide and PPenk mRNA and suggest a tight coupling between the culture induced increase in Penk gene transcription and the biosynthesis of EC peptides.
Mediastinal lymph node staging with FDG-PET scan in patients with potentially operable non-small cell lung cancer - A prospective analysis of 50 cases

Study objective: To compare the performance of CT, radio-labeled F-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) blinded to CT, and FDG-PET visually correlated with CT, in the detection of N2 metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to hypothesize how PET could influence our actual mediastinal staging procedures. Setting: Tertiary university hospital. Patients and methods: In 50 patients with potentially operable NSCLC, thoracic CT, PET, and invasive surgical staging were performed. Blinded prospective interpretation was performed for each test and compared with surgical pathology results. Abnormalities on each of these staging examinations were recorded on a standard MLN map. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in detecting N2 disease of CT was 67%, 59%, and 64%, respectively. Results of PET blinded to CT were significantly better (p = 0.004): 67%, 97%, and 88%, respectively. For PET visually correlated with CT, this was 93%, 97%, and 96%, respectively. In 22 patients, both CT and PET were normal, and this was correct in all cases. Conclusions: PET was significantly more accurate than CT in the MLN staging in NSCLC, Both examinations were complementary, since visual correlation with the anatomic information on CT improved the reader's ability to discriminate between hilar vs subaortic MLN FDG uptake, and between paramediastinal tumor vs tracheobronchial MLN FDG uptake. If the results can be confirmed in larger numbers of patients, PET could reduce the need for invasive surgical staging remarkably.
A Note on the Valencia edition of Martínez de la Rosa's "La viuda de Padilla"

The presence of textual variants in the first three editions of Martinez de la Rosa's La viuda de Padilla has not previously been noted. These editions are: La viuda de Padilla. Madrid: Imprenta que fue de Garcia, 1814. Pp. lv + 78. This edition contains a preliminary Nota which, except for the first two paragraphs (in which the author announces his intent in composing the drama and the Bosquejo Historico), corresponds to the Bosquejo Historico of the 1827 edition. It has always been assumed, although without evidence, that the Madrid text is the same as that of the version of the drama which was staged first in Cadiz in 1812 and later in other towns of Spain. La viuda de Padilla. Valencia: Imprenta de Ildefonso Mompie, 1820. Pp. 64. This edition contains no preliminary material. La viuda de Padilla, Obras literarias de D. Francisco Martinez de la Rosa, III (Paris: Imprenta de Julio Didot, 1827), 41–161. This is the definitive text of the drama. It is preceded by an Advertencia, in which the author offers...
Teaching Macro Practice Through Service Learning Using Participatory Photography

This article describes a participatory photography project that was piloted as a service-learning strategy to build knowledge of macro practice concepts, clarify linkages between micro and macro practice roles, and facilitate macro practice skill development. The class partnered with a county maternal and child health program serving first-time mothers of low-income. Students identified child care, education, and housing as primary concerns in their analysis of the participants' photos and narratives. Students connected the participants' voices to macro concerns through innovative program and policy recommendations. Considerations for future service-learning efforts using participatory photography are discussed.
Integration of Capital Costs and Operating Profits into Distributed Hydrogen-Electric Power System Design

Distributed hydrogen-electric systems produce hydrogen through the electrolysis of water for local distribution. Economic analysis of these systems involves the consideration of operating profit and capital cost. Current methods of design do not incorporate both of these quantities into the design objective. This work presents a method of integrating the capital cost and the operating profit into an optimization so that the system can be designed to maximize economic gain. The method is formulated and validated using a distributed hydrogen-electric system known as the hydrogen power park.
Collision-induced dissociation and theoretical studies of K+ complexes with ammonia: a test of theory for potassium ions

Abstract The sequential bond energies of K+ with ammonia are determined using collision-induced dissociation (CID) with xenon gas in a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer. The kinetic energy dependences of the CID cross-sections are analyzed to give 0 and 298 K bond energies for the successive loss of ammonia after accounting for multiple collisions, internal energy, and dissociation lifetimes. We also consider whether to treat torsional motions as vibrations or rotations and whether to include the ion–dipole potential in the treatment of the transition state for dissociation. Bond energies at 0 K (in kJ/mol) of K+(NH3)x are determined for x=1–5 as 79±7, 69±6, 59±5, 46±6, 31±11, respectively, decreasing with increasing x as expected for electrostatic bonds. These dissociation energies agree quantitatively with literature values available from equilibrium studies for x=1–4 (mean absolute deviation=2±1 kJ/mol). This agreement suggests that these systems can be used to test theory for K+ complexes, and therefore several levels of theory are explored here. The x=1–5 complexes are calculated to adopt high symmetry structures where the ligands bind directly to the metal. We find that trends in the experimental bond energies are accurately reproduced at the MP2(full)/6-311+G(2d,2p)//MP2(full)/6-31G(d) and B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,2p)//B3LYP/6-31G levels, although the values are generally low, by an average of 4±3 kJ/mol (8±3%). Values obtained using the effective core potentials of Hay–Wadt and Stuttgart–Dresden on potassium are less satisfactory and underestimate experiment by an average of 9±6 kJ/mol (14±7%).
HLTF gene silencing in human colon cancer

Chromatin remodeling enzymes are increasingly implicated in a variety of important cellular functions. Various components of chromatin remodeling complexes, including several members of the SWI/SNF family, have been shown to be disrupted in cancer. In this study we identified as a target for gene inactivation in colon cancer the gene for helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF), a SWI/SNF family protein. Loss of HLTF expression accompanied by HLTF promoter methylation was noted in nine of 34 colon cancer cell lines. In these cell lines HLTF expression was restored by treatment with the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine. In further studies of primary colon cancer tissues, HLTF methylation was detected in 27 of 63 cases (43%). No methylation of HLTF was detected in breast or lung cancers, suggesting selection for HLTF methylation in colonic malignancies. Transfection of HLTF suppressed 75% of colony growth in each of three different HLTF-deficient cell lines, but showed no suppressive effect in any of three HLTF-proficient cell lines. These findings show that HLTF is a common target for methylation and epigenetic gene silencing in colon cancer and suggest HLTF is a candidate colon cancer suppressor gene.
The sequential effect of computerized delivery charting and simulation training on shoulder dystocia documentation

Objective. To estimate the effects of computerized charting and shoulder dystocia (SD) simulation drills on the documentation of SD.Methods. 180 cases of SD were evaluated in three consecutive time periods: T1: 45 written delivery notes; T2: 48 delivery notes after the implementation of a standardized SD note in the computerized medical record; T3: 87 computerized delivery notes after SD simulation drills.Results. A standardized SD computerized note resulted in a significant improvement in documentation of EFW, diabetic status, time of the body delivery, fetal head position, which shoulder was impacted, anesthesia, the length of each stage of labor, NICU admission, the birth weight, and that a discussion took place with the patient. The implementation of a SD simulation drill was associated with a further increase in the documentation of the instruments used for delivery, whether a cord pH was performed, and that a discussion took place with the patient. Additionally, the implementation of a SD simulation...
Adaptive online context-sensitive inlining

As current trends in software development move toward more complex object-oriented programming, inlining has become a vital optimization that provides substantial performance improvements to C++ and Java programs. Yet, the aggressiveness of the inlining algorithm must be carefully monitored to effectively balance performance and code size. The state-of-the-art is to use profile information (associated with call edges) to guide inlining decisions. In the presence of virtual method calls, profile information for one call edge may not be sufficient for making effectual inlining decisions. Therefore, we explore the use of profiling data with additional levels of context sensitivity. In addition to exploring fixed levels of context sensitivity, we explore several adaptive schemes that attempt to find the ideal degree of context sensitivity for each call site. Our techniques are evaluated on the basis of runtime performance, code size and dynamic compilation time. On average, we found that with minimal impact on performance (+/-1%) context sensitivity can enable 10% reductions in compiled code space and compile time. Performance on individual programs varied from -4.2% to 5.3% while reductions in compile time and code space of up to 33.0% and 56.7% respectively were obtained.
Improvements to the *CGA enabling online intrinsic evolution in compact EH devices

Recently, we proposed a neuromorphic intrinsic online evolvable hardware (EH) system designed to learn control laws of physical devices. Since we intend to eventually build this device using mixed signal VLSI techniques, and because we intend to address control applications in which small size and low power consumption are critical, we are extremely concerned with the design of physically compact devices. This paper focuses on the evolutionary algorithm (EA) portion of our proposed system. We discuss modifications to our previously reported *CGA that significantly increases its performance against dynamic optimization problems without significantly increasing the amount of hardware required for implementation. We demonstrate the efficacy of our improvement by testing against two series of moving peak benchmarks. We conclude with discussions of both the implications of our findings and our plans for future work.
Optical intensity modulators for digital and analog applications

This tutorial describes the basic principles and performance analysis of optical intensity modulators using electrooptic and electroabsorption effects, for use in analog and digital communication systems. These include lithium niobate modulators, semiconductor electroabsorption modulators, semiconductor Mach-Zehnder modulators, and polymer modulators.
Credibility in the Courtroom: How Likeable Should an Expert Witness Be?

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between expert witness likeability and jurors' judgments of credibility and tendencies in sentencing. Two actors playing expert witnesses were trained to present themselves as high and low in likeability in a standard testimony scenario in the sentencing phase of a capital murder trial. The effects of extraversion and gender of the 210 psychology undergraduates serving as mock jurors attending to expert testimony were also examined. The dependent variables were the jurors' perceptions of the witnesses' credibility and their agreement with the testimony. The likeability of the expert witnesses was found to be significantly related to the jurors' perception of their trustworthiness, but not to their displays of confidence or knowledge or to the mock jurors' sentencing decisions. The women rated highly likeable experts as more credible than the less likeable ones, but the men did not differentiate between the two types. As extraversion increased, the male jurors' agreement with testimony increased, but the female jurors' agreement decreased. The results suggest that likeability can be an important element in the credibility of the source and that attorneys and trial consultants now have an empirical foundation for addressing likeability as part of witness preparation.
Eogenetic Karst Hydrology: Insights from the 2004 Hurricanes, Peninsular Florida

Eogenetic karst lies geographically and temporally close to the depositional environment of limestone in warm marine water at low latitude, in areas marked by midafternoon thunderstorms during a summer rainy season. Spring hydrographs from such an environment in north-central Florida are characterized by smooth, months-long, seasonal maxima. The passage of Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne in September 2004 over three field locations shows how the eogenetic karst of the Upper Floridan Aquifer responds to unequivocal recharge events. Hydrographs at wells in the High Springs area, Rainbow Springs, and at Morris, Briar, and Bat Caves all responded promptly with a similar drawn-out rise to a maximum that extended long into the winter dry season. The timing indicates that the typical hydrograph of eogenetic karst is not the short-term fluctuations of springs in epigenic, telogenetic karst, or the smoothed response to all the summer thunderstorms, but rather the protracted response of the system to rainfall that exceeds a threshold. The similarity of cave and noncave hydrographs indicates distributed autogenic recharge and a free communication between secondary porosity and permeable matrix—both of which differ from the hydrology of epigenic, telogenetic karst. At Briar Cave, drip rates lagged behind the water table rise, suggesting that recharge was delivered by fractures, which control the cave’s morphology. At High Springs, hydrographs at the Santa Fe River and a submerged conduit apparently connected to it show sharp maxima after the storms, unlike the other cave hydrographs. Our interpretation is that the caves, in general, are discontinuous.
Lifestyle Modification as a Means to Prevent and Treat High Blood Pressure

ABSTRACT. High BP is one of the most important and common risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and renal disease. The contemporary approach to the epidemic of elevated BP and its complications involves pharmacologic treatment of hypertensive individuals and “lifestyle modification,” which is beneficial for both nonhypertensive and hypertensive persons. A substantial body of evidence strongly supports the concept that lifestyle modification can have powerful effects on BP. Increased physical activity, a reduced salt intake, weight loss, moderation of alcohol intake, increased potassium intake, and an overall healthy dietary pattern, termed the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, effectively lower BP. The DASH diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products and is reduced in fat and cholesterol. Other dietary factors, such as a greater intake of protein or monounsaturated fatty acids, may also reduce BP but available evidence is inconsistent. The current challenge to health care providers, researchers, government officials, and the general public is developing and implementing effective clinical and public health strategies that lead to sustained lifestyle modification. E-mail: lappel@jhmi.edu
A Unique Pedagogical Approach to Voting and Public Goods

MiMI;ftW" Fourth grade students at a public elementary school in Houston, Texas, participated in a one-week exercise intended to mimic the process of creating a public good through a democratic process. The exercise involved students in four separate classes designing a class party with different characteristics (theme, music, and food) through a voluntary but personally costly voting procedure. The students then held the party that they had created. A formal assessment of learning objectives and a debriefing were also part of the exercise. Some ideas investigated include the disconnection between the actual party's characteristics and the revealed preferences of the students during the debriefinga lesson of collective actionand the satisfaction and learning outcomes experienced by a minority of students as the result of being political activists and having their preferences realized in the makeup of their class party.
Adaptive cyanogenesis clines evolve recurrently through geographical sorting of existing gene deletions

Identifying the genetic basis of parallel phenotypic evolution provides insight into the process of adaptation and evolutionary constraint. White clover (Trifolium repens) has evolved climate-associated adaptive clines in cyanogenesis (the ability to produce hydrogen cyanide upon tissue damage) in several world regions where it has been introduced. Gene-deletion polymorphisms at the CYP79D15 and Li loci underlie the presence/absence of the cyanogenic phenotype. Both loci have undergone multiple independent gene-deletion events, which are identifiable through molecular signatures in flanking regions. To investigate whether cyanogenesis clines in introduced populations have evolved through the sorting of standing genetic variation or de novo gene deletions, we examined cyanogenesis gene-flanking regions in three world regions. In comparison with native Eurasian populations, we find no evidence for novel gene deletion events in any introduced region, which suggests that these adaptive clines have evolved through the geographical sorting of pre-existing genetic variation.
Energy doubling of 42GeV electrons in a particle-driven, plasma-based accelerator

Summary form only given. Plasma-based accelerators have made remarkable progress in the last few years. In particular, the energy doubling of 42GeV incoming electrons has been demonstrated over a plasma length of only 85cm in a particle beam-driven plasma-based accelerator or plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA). This distance is about 2000 times shorter than the conventional linear accelerator that produced these particles. In the plasma the accelerating gradient is ap 50GeV/m, suggesting that energies of the order of ITeV could be reached in only ap 20 m of plasma. In the experiment the energy gain scales linearly with the plasma length. The maximum energy gain is obtained at a plasma density such that the plasma wavelength is approximately equal to the electron bunch. This scaling is verified for long (ap 700 mum) and short (ap 20 mum) bunches with corresponding optimum plasma densities of ap1.8 x 1014cm-3 and ap2.7 x 1017cm-3. In the short bunch experiments, the plasma is produced through field ionization of a lithium vapor confined to the hot region heat- pipe oven by a helium buffer gas at room temperature. Above a wake field amplitude of ap 30 GV/m, trapping of plasma electrons is observed. The trapping was identified as resulting from the field-ionization ionization of neutral helium in the lithium to helium transition regions of the heat-pipe oven. These free electrons born at rest inside the wake and have a much lower trapping threshold that the lithium electrons born ahead of the wake. Spectral interference measurements show that the trapped electrons form one or more short bunches (a few fs). Simulations suggest that they have a peak current larger and an emittance lower that those of the drive bunch, possibly making them interesting for radiation source applications. Experimental results will be presented and compared to scaling laws. The prospects for the application of plasma-based accelerators to a future linear particle collider will be discussed.
On the neural bases of the spatial mapping system: hippocampus vs. hippocampal formation.

As pointed out by Lynn Nadel in the lead article of this forum, since Thr Hippocumpus ns CI Cognitive M a p first appeared in 1978 many of the published studies have been concerned in some way with comparing the spatial mapping hypothesis with rival theoretical formulations. Basing their interpretations primarily on the results of lesion studies, investigators have suggested that the hippocampus is crucially involved in processes like working memory (Olton et al., 1979), the storage of intermediate-term memory (Rawlins, 1985), and configural associations ( Sutherland and Rudy, 1989). Why has it been so difficult to obtain convincing evidence 10 support one theory of hippocampal function to the exclusion of the others‘? While there are several reasons that could be given, most of them center around a failure on the part of many investigators to take into account the relevant neuroanatomy. Thus, one problem has been the confusion resulting from failing to always make a clear-cut distinction between the hippocampus and the hippocampal formation (see below). A second problem has been the variety of effects on behavior that are found when different structures and/or areas within the hippocampal formation are damaged. This is not surprising, since conventional lesion techniques (aTpiration, electrolytic, radio frequency) cause damage not only to cells in the area of interest, but usually to adjacent structures and the vasculature, as well as interrupt fibers of passage. In this essay, consideration will be given first to the relevant neuroanatomy. Selective hippocampal lesions obtained with neurotoxins will then be described. This will be followed by a brief description of the results obtained in a number of experiments designed to study the involvement of different components of the hippocampal formation in the processing of spatial information.
Basal Cell Carcinomas in Mice Overexpressing Sonic Hedgehog

Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene PATCHED (PTC) are found in human patients with the basal cell nevus syndrome, a disease causing developmental defects and tumors, including basal cell carcinomas. Gene regulatory relationships defined in the fruit fly Drosophila suggest that overproduction of Sonic hedgehog (SHH), the ligand for PTC, will mimic loss of ptc function. It is shown here that transgenic mice overexpressing SHH in the skin develop many features of basal cell nevus syndrome, demonstrating that SHH is sufficient to induce basal cell carcinomas in mice. These data suggest that SHH may have a role in human tumorigenesis.
Quantitative Clinical Proteomics by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Assessing the Platform

Clinical laboratories use electrospray ionization and mass spectrometry (MS)1 every day to measure dozens of different small molecule analytes. The capacity to precisely quantify these biomarkers has improved patient care. To build on the successful implementation of novel MS methodologies, many clinical mass spectrometrists hope to expand the list of measurable analytes to include peptides and proteins, several examples of which have been reported and reviewed (1). One can also envision the translation of novel biomarkers from the research-grade MS assays, with which they are discovered, to clinically acceptable MS assays for diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. An argument can be made that investigators should use clinically acceptable MS assays from the outset (2), which would facilitate the transition from research/discovery to clinical practice. Given the successes over the last few years in precisely measuring proteins by MS in clinically relevant matrices, this outcome may not be too much to ask. Traditionally, the word proteomics has encompassed efforts aimed at simultaneously measuring many proteins in a given complex sample. Shotgun proteomic experiments, which attempt to identify all of the proteins in a complex sample, and targeted proteomic experiments, which attempt to quantify a subset of the proteins known to exist in a complex sample, can both be carried out using liquid chromatography–tandem MS (LC-MS/MS). Shotgun proteomics is already being used clinically to identify the proteinaceous component of amyloid deposits (3). For the quantification of multiple protein concentrations in a complex sample, however, targeted methods are more precise because data-dependent shotgun proteomic methods variably sample fewer ions across chromatographic peaks. For this reason, targeted approaches are much more likely to be employed in the quantification of proteins in clinical specimens. Targeted methods typically use proteolysis with trypsin to digest proteins into peptides, which are more amenable to analysis …
Tourism, Peer Production, and Location-Based Service Design

This paper describes characteristics of information and service design by exploring the needs and motivations of tourists. Tourists are expected to be important and demanding users of location-based services. They will need customized means to filter their experience of destinations, as well as ways to meaningfully participate in the creation of narratives and histories about different places. Mobile technologies will also allow tourists to be more discriminating in their patronage of different service offerings, especially as they gain greater knowledge of so-called "backstage" processes. These demanding needs will require choreography between services offered by many different commercial, cultural, educational, and community providers. The paper suggests approaches to deliver tourist location-based services based on low barrier of entry principles of Web architecture. The paper concludes with a discussion on how the erosion of backstage/front-stage distinctions in service systems impacts service innovation.
Positive and Negative Regulation of Poly(A) Nuclease

PAN, a yeast poly(A) nuclease, plays an important nuclear role in the posttranscriptional maturation of mRNA poly(A) tails. The activity of this enzyme is dependent on its Pan2p and Pan3p subunits, as well as the presence of poly(A)-binding protein (Pab1p). We have identified and characterized the associated network of factors controlling the maturation of mRNA poly(A) tails in yeast and defined its relevant protein-protein interactions. Pan3p, a positive regulator of PAN activity, interacts with Pab1p, thus providing substrate specificity for this nuclease. Pab1p also regulates poly(A) tail trimming by interacting with Pbp1p, a factor that appears to negatively regulate PAN. Pan3p and Pbp1p both interact with themselves and with the C terminus of Pab1p. However, the domains required for Pan3p and Pbp1p binding on Pab1p are distinct. Single amino acid changes that disrupt Pan3p interaction with Pab1p have been identified and define a binding pocket in helices 2 and 3 of Pab1p's carboxy terminus. The importance of these amino acids for Pab1p-Pan3p interaction, and poly(A) tail regulation, is underscored by experiments demonstrating that strains harboring substitutions in these residues accumulate mRNAs with long poly(A) tails in vivo.
What does operator do in complex systems.

An effort was made to locate representative data on human activities in complex operational systems. Very little operational data were found which were suitable for our purposes. Therefore, this requirement was compromised and activity data from tests and paper and pencil analyses were used. These data were then classified by two raters according to an adopted taxonomy. It was generally concluded that where activity data have been gathered under operational conditions, they have been useful to design engineers, human factors specialists and systems analysts. It is further noted, however, that additional effort must be devoted to the development of better methods for obtaining data and corresponding criteria of human performance under operational conditions. A discussion of the taxonomy and other techniques indicated that collection of activity data should be feasible under operational conditions. In addition it is suggested that increased standardization and use of operational definition in the developmen...
Comparison of single and combination treatments of Phytoseiulus persimilis, Neoseiulus californicus, and Acramite (bifenazate) for control of twospotted spider mites in strawberries

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted from 2003 to 2005 to determine the effectiveness of combining releases of two predatory mite species, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot and Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), and a reduced-risk miticide, Acramite® (bifenazate), for control of twospotted spider mite (TSSM) (Tetranychus urticae Koch) in strawberries. In the greenhouse experiment, a combination treatment of P. persimilis and N. californicus was compared with single treatments of each species, Acramite application, and untreated control. All treatments significantly reduced TSSM numbers compared with the control. Field studies employed two approaches: one investigating the same five treatments as the greenhouse experiment and a second, comparing combination treatments of P. persimilis/N. californicus, Acramite/N. californicus, and Acramite/P. persimilis to single treatments of each and to control plots. Among the combination treatments, the P. persimilis/N. californicus treatment significantly reduced TSSM numbers compared with the control, but was not as effective as N. californicus alone during the 2003–2004 field season. Also, combination treatments of Acramite/N. californicus, and Acramite/P. persimilis significantly reduced TSSM populations compared with the control. These findings indicate that all three combination treatments are promising options for TSSM control in strawberries for growers in northern Florida and other strawberry producing areas of the world.
Proficiency in interscalene anesthesia-how many blocks are necessary?

Abstract Study objective To determine the number of interscalene blocks that are necessary for a resident in anesthesiology to complete so as to achieve autonomous success with that specific block. Design Survey questionnaire of all CA1 and CA2 residents in the Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Setting University hospital. Measurements and main results Seventeen CA-1 and CA-2 residents reported their experiences in performing interscalene blocks over an 8-month period. Data were collected regarding the number of previous attempts, technique, attending supervisor, patient weight, level of autonomy in the performance of the current block, and adequacy of the block for surgery. Eighty-two blocks were performed (1 to >15 per resident), supervised by 7 attending physicians, and 96.3% of blocks were reported as adequate for surgery. With an experience of seven to nine previous blocks, only 50% of residents were able to perform an interscalene block autonomously, whereas with >15 blocks, 87.5% reported autonomous success. Conclusions Experience with only 40 unspecified peripheral nerve blocks, as currently required by the Residency Review Committee as of January 2001, may not provide adequate opportunity for an individual to develop expertise in regional anesthesia.
Subcellular dynamics of multifunctional protein regulation: Mechanisms of GAPDH intracellular translocation

Multidimensional proteins such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) exhibit distinct activities unrelated to their originally identified functions. Apart from glycolysis, GAPDH participates in iron metabolism, membrane trafficking, histone biosynthesis, the maintenance of DNA integrity and receptor mediated cell signaling. Further, multifunctional proteins exhibit distinct changes in their subcellular localization reflecting their new activities. As such, GAPDH is not only a cytosolic protein but is localized in the membrane, the nucleus, polysomes, the ER and the Golgi. In addition, although the initial subcellular localizations of multifunctional proteins may be of significance, dynamic changes in intracellular distribution may occur as a consequence of those new activities. As such, regulatory mechanisms may exist through which cells control multifunctional protein expression as a function of their subcellular localization. The temporal sequence through which subcellular translocation and the acquisition of new GAPDH functions is considered as well as post-translational modification as a basis for its intracellular transport.
Vulnerable Research Participants: Anyone May Qualify:

Although the Code of Federal Regulations has provided guidelines regarding research involving vulnerable participants, persons not traditionally identified may also be considered vulnerable at a given time due to emergent or acute illness, end-of-life needs, or circumstances encountered that challenge capacity to provide informed consent. In this column, the author presents an overview of institutional review board roles, responsibilities, processes, and suggestions regarding assessment of vulnerability and capacity to consent that is responsive to current societal and healthcare needs.
Radiosensitizer-eluting nanocoatings on gold fiducials for biological in-situ image-guided radio therapy (BIS-IGRT)

Image-guided radiation treatments (IGRT) routinely utilize radio-opaque implantable devices, such as fiducials or brachytherapy spacers, for improved spatial accuracy. The therapeutic efficiency of IGRT can be further enhanced by biological in situ dose painting (BIS-IGRT) of radiosensitizers through localized delivery within the tumor using gold fiducial markers that have been coated with nanoporous polymer matrices loaded with nanoparticles (NPs). In this work, two approaches were studied: (i) a free drug release system consisting of Doxorubicin (Dox), a hydrophilic drug, loaded into a non-degradable polymer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) coating and (ii) poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs loaded with fluorescent Coumarin-6, serving as a model for a hydrophobic drug, in a biodegradable chitosan matrix. Temporal release kinetics measurements in buffer were carried out using fluorescence spectroscopy. In the first case of free Dox release, an initial release within the first few hours was followed by a sustained release over the course of the next 3 months. In the second platform, release of NPs and the free drug was controlled by the degradation rate of the chitosan matrix and PLGA. The results show that dosage and rate of release of these radiosensitizers coated on gold fiducials for IGRT can be precisely tailored to achieve the desired release profile for radiation therapy of cancer.
Characterization of Elastic Properties of Carbon-Black-Filled Rubber Vulcanizates

Abstract A novel strain-energy function which is a simple cubic equation in the invariant (I1−3) is proposed for the characterization of the elastic properties of carbon-black-filled rubber vulcanizates. Conceptually, the proposed function is a material model with a shear modulus which varies with deformation. This contrasts with the neo-Hookean and Mooney-Rivlin models which have a constant shear modulus. The variation of shear modulus with deformation is commonly observed with filled rubbers. Initially, the modulus falls with increasing deformation, leading to a flattening of the shear stress/strain curve. At large deformations, the modulus rises again due to finite extensibility of the network, accentuated by the strain amplication effect of the filler. This characteristic behavior of filled rubbers may be described approximately by the proposed strain-energy function by requiring the coefficient C20 to be negative, while the coefficients C10 and C30 are positive. The use of the proposed strain-energy ...
Comparison of Protein Phosphatase Inhibition Assay with LC-MS/MS for Diagnosis of Microcystin Toxicosis in Veterinary Cases

Microcystins are acute hepatotoxins of increasing global concern in drinking and recreational waters and are a major health risk to humans and animals. Produced by cyanobacteria, microcystins inhibit serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). A cost-effective PP1 assay using p-nitrophenyl phosphate was developed to quickly assess water and rumen content samples. Significant inhibition was determined via a linear model, which compared increasing volumes of sample to the log-transformed ratio of the exposed rate over the control rate of PP1 activity. To test the usefulness of this model in diagnostic case investigations, samples from two veterinary cases were tested. In August 2013 fifteen cattle died around two ponds in Kentucky. While one pond and three tested rumen contents had significant PP1 inhibition and detectable levels of microcystin-LR, the other pond did not. In August 2013, a dog became fatally ill after swimming in Clear Lake, California. Lake water samples collected one and four weeks after the dog presented with clinical signs inhibited PP1 activity. Subsequent analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detected microcystin congeners -LR, -LA, -RR and -LF but not -YR. These diagnostic investigations illustrate the advantages of using functional assays in combination with LC-MS/MS.
High aspect-ratio low-noise multi-axis accelerometers made from thick silicon

This paper presents the design, fabrication and preliminary characterization of a new type of multi-axis capacitive accelerometer with sub-µg resolution based on a robust CMOS-compatible 2-gap fabrication technology that can provide large proof-mass (1 mm tall, >2.33 milligram/mm2), high aspect-ratio (HAR) narrow sense gaps ( 250 µm tall) and large sense/feedback electrode area (>250 µm tall), in an area smaller than any previous precision accelerometers with similar performance. This 3D vertical hair-like accelerometer structure and its fabrication process reduce the stringent requirements on deep reactive ion etching (DRIE), while providing large proof mass and sensitivity. The electrodes are split into groups to enable fully symmetric differential readout, and provide force feedback for closed-loop operation. This structure can achieve high capacitive sensitivity at more than 1pF/g per 1mm2 for making sub-µg ( 0.1 pF/g.
Attack of the Black Turpentine Beetle on Roots of Slash Pine

Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier) attacks the roots of slash pine soon after its first attacks on the trunk; these root attacks cones pond closely in number and development to those on the trunk. Initial contact is made near the root origin. Subsequent damage is concentrated in this region at first but later extends several feet on the lateral roots. Such root damage may actually be responsible for the death of those trees which apparently die from a relatively small number of trunk attacks. Further, the number and location of beetles which develop at the root may complicate control efforts.
A Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing Approach Towards 3D Packing Problems With Strong Constraints: CMOSA

This research concerns the packing problem frequently encountered in engineering design, where the volume and weight of a number of structural components such as valves and plumbing lines need to be minimized. Since in real applications the constraints are usually complex, the formulation of computationally tractable optimization becomes challenging. In this research, we propose a novel multiobjective simulated annealing (MOSA) approach towards the design optimization, i.e., optimizing the placement of valves under prescribed constraints to minimize the volume occupied, and the estimated plumbing line length. The objectives and constraints are described by analytical expressions. Our case study indicates that the new MOSA algorithm has relatively better performance towards 3D packing with strong constraints and the design can indeed be automated. The outcome of this research may benefit both existing manufacturing practice and future additive manufacturing.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Gene expression, methylation and neuropathology correlations at progressive supranuclear palsy risk loci

To determine the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in a genome-wide association study of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), we tested their association with brain gene expression, CpG methylation and neuropathology. In 175 autopsied PSP subjects, we performed associations between seven PSP risk variants and temporal cortex levels of 20 genes in-cis, within ±100 kb. Methylation measures were collected using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing in 43 PSP brains. To determine whether SNP/expression associations are due to epigenetic modifications, CpG methylation levels of associated genes were tested against relevant variants. Quantitative neuropathology endophenotypes were tested for SNP associations in 422 PSP subjects. Brain levels of LRRC37A4 and ARL17B were associated with rs8070723; MOBP with rs1768208 and both ARL17A and ARL17B with rs242557. Expression associations for LRRC37A4 and MOBP were available in an additional 100 PSP subjects. Meta-analysis revealed highly significant associations for PSP risk alleles of rs8070723 and rs1768208 with higher LRRC37A4 and MOBP brain levels, respectively. Methylation levels of one CpG in the 3′ region of ARL17B associated with rs242557 and rs8070723. Additionally, methylation levels of an intronic ARL17A CpG associated with rs242557 and that of an intronic MOBP CpG with rs1768208. MAPT and MOBP region risk alleles also associated with higher levels of neuropathology. Strongest associations were observed for rs242557/coiled bodies and tufted astrocytes; and for rs1768208/coiled bodies and tau threads. These findings suggest that PSP variants at MAPT and MOBP loci may confer PSP risk via influencing gene expression and tau neuropathology. MOBP, LRRC37A4, ARL17A and ARL17B warrant further assessment as candidate PSP risk genes. Our findings have implications for the mechanism of action of variants at some of the top PSP risk loci.
FIELD AUTOMORPHISMS AND MAXIMAL SUBGROUPS OF FINITE CHEVALLEY GROUPS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the theorems of field automorphisms and maximal subgroups of finite Chevalley groups. One of the theorem states that if G be a simple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p ≠0, λ be a surjective endomorphism of G such that Gλ is finite, and M be a finite group such that 0P' (Gλ) ≤ M ≤ G, then there exists a positive integer n such that OP'(Gμ) ≤ M ≤ Gμ, where μ= λn.