cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Blue Lotus Flower (Nymphea caerulea) Resin Used in a New Type of Electronic Cigarette, the Re-Buildable Dripping Atomizer

The blue lotus flower (Nymphea caerulea) is an Egyptian water lily containing apomorphine and nuciferine. Apomorphine has been described as a psychoactive alkaloid and is a non-selective dopamine agonist primarily used to treat Parkinson's disease as it stimulates dopamine receptors and improves motor function. Nuciferine is an alkaloid associated with dopamine receptor blockade. Today, blue lotus flower is used as a sleep aid and anxiety reliever. The rebuildable dripping atomizer (RDA) is an electronic cigarette that allows direct application of an e-liquid onto the coil in the atomizer for aerosolization, compared to a typical electronic cigarette where the e-liquid is wicked from a storage vessel to the coil. Our laboratory received a dark-brown resin material from a concerned parent. The resin had been confiscated from an adolescent who had a reported history of marijuana use. The resin was later identified as blue lotus flower (N. caerulea). This resin, together with four commercially available blue lotus products, was analyzed for content. Apomorphine was detected in two samples, and nuciferine was detected in all five samples. The confiscated resin was determined to contain no apomorphine and 4300 ng/g of nuciferine. The nuciferine resin was shown to aerosolize using aRDA electric cigarette.
Long-Term Effect of Nitrogen and Tillage Management on Soil Carbon Pools in the Semiarid Northern Great Plains

ABSTRACTNo-tillage and manure application effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N) concentrations were studied under a 27-year-old 4-year rotation consisting corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-field pea (Pisum sativum L.). Under each crop, four applied N treatments were control, annual urea-N applications at the rate of 45 and 89 kg N ha−1, and composted beef cattle feedlot manure-N at the rate 179 kg N ha−1 applied once every four year. For each fertilizer treatment, no-till (NT) and conventional till (CT) were compared for basic soil properties, SOC, and total N within 0–15 cm soil. Manure application significantly reduced soil bulk density and increased SOC and total N over urea-N. Particulate organic matter, mineralizable N, and permanganate-oxidizable C fractions significantly related with SOC. Long-term manure additions and no-tillage had potential to improve soil compaction and maintain SOC over chemical fertilizer N and CT.
Common Polymorphisms in IFI16 and AIM2 Genes Are Associated With Periodontal Disease.

Background: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) context of a previously identified periodontitis-associated locus is investigated, and its association with microbial, biologic, and periodontal disease clinical parameters is examined.Methods: A 200-kb spanning region of 1q12 previously highlighted in a genome-wide association scan among 4,766 European American individuals (SNP rs1633266) was annotated. Two haplotype blocks were selected. Association of these polymorphisms with data on microbial plaque composition, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)–interleukin (IL)-1β levels, and clinical parameters of periodontal disease were examined. Descriptive analysis of IFI16 and AIM2 protein expression in gingival tissues from healthy individuals (n = 2) and individuals with chronic periodontitis (n = 2) was done via immunohistochemistry.Results: The highlighted locus is a 100-kb region containing the interferon γ-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) genes. Two haplotype blocks, rs6940 and...
The Impact of Status and Brainstorming in Participation in Small Group Deliberations

Scenario planning first gained traction within corporations as an energy transition management tool, but recently gained popularity within sustainability. It is a process for exploring potential futures and thinking critically about complex decisions that involve high degrees of uncertainty. It is also effective in shifting mental models and engaging diverse stakeholders, making it ideal for complex sustainability problems. Scenario-planning insights are typically used in strategic planning, further aligning with sustainability’s commitments to action-oriented solutions. However, as a participative process, success hinges on equitable participant engagement that is threatened by power imbalance. The current pilot study uses an experimental design to explore the impact of explicit acknowledgement of status differential and pre-event brainstorming on participation in a small group task. The task was selected based on its parallels to scenario-planning interactions. Twenty-four triads engaged in group deliberation while wearing devices that gather data to measure interactions. Afterward, participants completed a participation perception survey. Despite the popularity of brainstorming, results of the pilot study point to the utility of status concealment over individual-level brainstorming to bolster participation. Ultimately, this work contributes to a more nuanced understanding of participation in service of more robust, pluralistic sustainability decision-making.
Construction of science for animal agriculture

Current animal science research is dominated by disciplinary studies that are experimen- tally controlled and statistically analyzed. Research in animal science is also placed predominantly within a hierarchy of biological sciences ranging through molecular mechanisms, cells, organ systems, organ- isms, life systems, ecosystems, and human systems. In the main, disciplinary and applied animal investiga- tions differ from each other only in that they are conducted within different biological work boundaries. Both are largely reductionist and often fragmentary. Animal science, however, has two sets of constituents, the scientific community and external interests, and both are legitimate. External interests will judge the research according to how well it contributes to a hierarchy of functional and practical knowledge in- stead of the biological. The functional hierarchy of inquiry ranges through validation of ideas; actions; tactics of management; strategies and systems of production; agrospheres including land and water resources, landscapes, human capital, and community; and the anthrosphere including consumers, food prod- uct chains, and global markets. More interconnection of the biological and biophysical research with func- tional knowledge is needed but may be limited by insufficient theoretical development of the new con- tributing disciplines such as molecular biology, system science, and those represented by the functional hierarchy, and recruitment of specialized scientists who often lack practical experience in agriculture and the food system. Multiple opportunities for interven- tion of animal agriculture exist, and multiple dis- ciplines including the new biological and functional disciplines will be needed to provide what will be perceived to be the full scope of animal science research. Disciplinary competence and specialization will remain essential, but the domains of science for animal agriculture should be reconstructed to include a larger integrating component that interconnects the pieces and levels of knowledge and the components of the functional hierarchy. Integrative studies may take any of a number of forms but would be concerned with biological, physical, and social issues and values and their interconnectedness in a context. Both institu- tional (administrative) and professional responses are appropriate.
PROMIS and legacy measures compared in a supportive care intervention for breast cancer patients and caregivers: Experience from a randomized trial

Objective Accurate and efficient measurement of patient-reported outcomes is key in cancer symptom management trials. The newer Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and previously developed measures of similar conceptual content (legacy) are available to measure symptoms and functioning. This report compares the performance of two sets of measures, PROMIS and legacy, in a recently completed trial of a supportive care intervention that enrolled breast cancer patients and their friend or family caregivers. Methods Patient-caregiver dyads (N = 256) were randomized to either reflexology delivered by caregivers or usual care control. Post-intervention, PROMIS and legacy measures of symptoms and functioning were analyzed in relation to trial arm, while adjusting for baseline values. Responsiveness of the two sets of measures was assessed using effect sizes and P-values for the effect of trial arm on patients' and caregivers' symptom and functioning outcomes. Results Similar conclusions about intervention effects were found using PROMIS and legacy measures for pain, fatigue, sleep, anxiety, physical, and social functioning. Different conclusions were obtained for patient and caregiver depression: legacy measures indicated the efficacy of reflexology, while PROMIS depression measure did not. Conclusion Evidence of similar responsiveness supports the use of either set of measures for symptoms and functioning in clinical and general populations. Differences between PROMIS and legacy measures of depression need to be considered when choosing instruments for use in trials of supportive care interventions and in clinical practice.
Philosophical Hermeneutics and the One and the Many

The field of social and psychological theory is marked by an astounding degree of fragmentation and confusion. This situation derives in large part from a failure to resolve thorny questions about the entanglement of knowledge claims with historical contexts, cultural influences, and moral values. The philosopher Richard Bernstein argues that these difficulties reflect a struggle to find a way beyond the opposition and unresolved tension between broad philosophical outlooks of “objectivism” and “relativism,” a struggle taking place in many cultural and intellectual arenas, including the philosophy of natural science, philosophy proper, literary theory, and elsewhere. We note that hermeneutic philosophy represents a compelling attempt to chart such a path. We then outline the perspective of the British philosopher and theologian Colin Gunton who presents a powerful and unique analysis of modern dilemmas and longstanding difficulties in reconciling the “one” and the “many” in Western thought. Gunton’s ideas are highly congruent with hermeneutics and both reinforce and enrich its ontology of the human life-world and human agency. We suggest several specific ways in which Gunton’s view and hermeneutic thought cross-fertilize one another, extending their ability to speak to current cultural and spiritual dilemmas.
8.12 – Core–Mantle Interactions

Interactions between the core and the mantle arise when heat, mass, momentum, or charge is transferred across the core–mantle boundary (CMB). Each of these interactions has consequences for the dynamics and evolution of the Earth’s interior. Thermal interactions are typically the result of changes in the magnitude or spatial pattern of heat flow across the CMB. These interactions evolve slowly on the timescale of convective overturn in the mantle (nominally 107–108 years). The style of convection in the core and the regeneration of the magnetic field are dramatically altered by plausible changes in CMB heat flow. Electromagnetic and mechanical interactions occur on shorter timescales and may be responsible for observed fluctuations in the Earth’s rotation rate over periods ranging from several decades to several days. More uncertain are the chemical interactions which result from transfer of mass across the CMB. Differences in the average oxidation state of the core and the mantle make chemical reactions between these two regions likely, yet the evidence for mass exchange remains controversial. We review recent advances in our understanding of core–mantle interactions. We also explore the role of core–mantle interactions in making internal processes detectable at the Earth’s surface.
Psychotherapy from the Margins: How the Pressure to Adopt Evidence-Based-Treatments Conflicts with Social Justice-Oriented Practice

This article posits that the current interest in Empirically-Validated-Treatment (EVT) leads to a culture within psychology and counseling that presents cognitive-behavioral orientation (CBT) as the only legitimate approach to psychotherapy. This can be problematic not only because it narrows the scope of what is considered legitimate evidence of effectiveness, but also because CBT, like most Western approaches to psychotherapy, locates the origin of, and solution to, mental illness within the individual. On the other hand, social justice-oriented practice addresses how inequality, discrimination, oppression, and other societal-level forces contribute to mental illness at the individual level. Using a case example as an anchor for the ideas presented, I discuss how narrow definitions of empirical evidence have been used to justify the marginalization of multiple theoretical orientations, which in turn has led to therapies that can reinforce the marginalization of disadvantaged clients. I argue that this trend within the fields of clinical and counseling psychology reflects a wider trend in the United States and other Western cultures of xenophobia and fear of globalization. Those privileged by hierarchies of power are motivated to find uniformity and the appearance of a superior, more “correct” way of being, and to then attempt to control the lives of people who do not fit this way of being. Complexity and diversity, on the other hand, are experienced as threatening and alienating. Within psychotherapy too, CBT provides an appearance of universality in treatment that can be very appealing, yet social justice advocates have been very skeptical of claims of universality. I conclude with a discussion of how the narrowing of theoretical approaches may harm the fields of clinical and counseling psychology, and psychotherapy clients. I discuss what psychologists and counselors can do to counter this trend by taking action in professional organizations, academia, and in the therapy room.
Practical Approach to the Jaundiced Infant

Neonatal jaundice is very common in the first days of life. However, jaundice should have resolved after 14 days of age. Prolonged jaundice can be associated with liver disease. In jaundiced infants, it is important to distinguish cholestatic liver disease from physiologic jaundice. Breast milk jaundice is elevation of unconjugated bilirubin due to high level of maternal hormones in breast milk. In contrast, detection of direct hyperbilirubinemia points to cholestatic hepatic dysfunction. A wide range of hepatic and extrahepatic disease including infection, structural and inflammatory abnormalities of biliary tree, and genetic alterations in determinants of the enterohepatic circulation as well as metabolic disease can cause neonatal cholestasis. Therefore, a stepwise risk-adapted diagnostic approach is important to identify etiology early in the course of disease and to initiate appropriate treatment. Here, we present the relevant investigations, discuss a risk-adapted diagnostic algorithm, and give an overview over the differential diagnosis of jaundice in infants.
Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs Does it Add to the Overuse and Inappropriate Use of Prescription Drugs or Alleviate Underuse?

The pharmaceutical industry spent over $US4 billion advertising prescription drugs directly to consumers in the US in 2004. The use of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) has been a source of great controversy. Supporters of DTCA argue that it provides an important source of health information for consumers, increases the treatment of under diagnosed conditions and improves medication adherence. Critics argue that it misleads consumers, leads to overuse of medications, drives up prescription drug prices and costs, and harms the doctor-patient relationship. The impact of DTCA on public health should be viewed within the context of broader problems with underuse, overuse and inappropriate use of prescription drugs. A number of economic and marketing studies have examined the impact of DTCA on demand for prescription drugs. These studies suggest that DTCA expands total market sales but does not have any appreciable effect on market share within the class. In other words, DTCA increases the likelihood of an individual receiving drug treatment but does not have a significant impact on which drug is selected. Much less is known about whether this expanded use addresses the problems with underuse of prescription drugs, or exacerbates problems with inappropriate use or overuse of prescription drugs. The few studies that have been conducted on these issues suggest that DTCA probably leads to some appropriate use as well as some inappropriate use and overuse of medications. Formal cost-benefit analyses need to be conducted to determine the net effects of DTCA on public health and to inform policy makers charged with protecting the public interest.
Abstract GMM-016: CEREBELLIN-2 (CBLN2) IS DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN OVARIAN CANCER SUBTYPES

BACKGROUND: Cerebellin-2 (CBLN2) is a 24 kDa cytoplasmic, membrane and secreted glycoprotein that forms intracellular and extracellular homodimer and heterodimers. CBLN29s role in ovarian cancer pathogenesis has not been studied. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES: Serum-free conditioned media from twenty-two cell lines, represented by SV40 immortalized fallopian tube (FT-194, FT-190), SV40 immortalized ovarian surface epithelium (1816-575), low-grade serous adenocarcinoma (HEY), high-grade serous adenocarcinoma (TOV-1946), clear cell adenocarcinoma (TOV21G), cisplatin-sensitive high-grade serous adenocarcinoma (A2780-S) and cisplatin-resistant high-grade serous adenocarcinoma (A2780-CP), were prepared. Eight cell lines were submitted for isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ®) differential expression analysis. Briefly, each of the eight secretomes were trypsin-digested and labeled with one of eight iTRAQ® 8-plex reagents and subsequently submitted for either two-dimensional capillary liquid chromatography direct data dependent peptide tandem mass spectrometry on an Orbitrap Velos system or one-dimensional mass spectrometry analysis. Western blot validation using an anti-CBLN2 antibody was used for protein validation. RESULTS: Overexpression of CBLN2 in A2708-CP ranged from 6.4 to 12.3 times greater when compared to ovarian and fallopian tube control cell lines and 5.4 times greater when to compared to the cisplatin-sensitive cell line A2780-S. Western Blot demonstrated a differentially expressed 24 kDa band amongst subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: CBLN2 is upregulated in the chemoresistant high grade serous carcinoma cell line A2780-CP compared to normal fallopian tube and ovarian surface epithelial cell lines. These results are promising for a marker for chemoresistance and further experiments in serum validation and characterization are warranted. The views expressed in this abstract are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of Army/Navy/Air Force, Department of Defense, or U.S. Government. Citation Format: John D. Andersen, DO, CPT(P), MC, USA, Najerie S. McMillian, BSc, William R. Andersen, MS, MBA Sean Kimbro, PhD. CEREBELLIN-2 (CBLN2) IS DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN OVARIAN CANCER SUBTYPES [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 13-15, 2018; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2019;25(22 Suppl):Abstract nr GMM-016.
Sarah Kay. Animal Skins and the Reading Self in Medieval Latin and French Bestiaries

Sarah Kay’s recent publication, Animal Skins and the Reading Self in Medieval Latin and French Bestiaries, grounds itself in literary theory and manuscript studies to offer an insightful interpreta...
Understanding the roles of patterning and foulant chemistry on nanofiltration threshold flux

Abstract This paper reports findings from a systematic study to understand the roles of colloidal chemistry and membrane surface properties on membrane fouling using constant flux filtration. Commercial polyamide nanofiltration membranes were modified with a line-and-groove pattern using nanoimprint lithography. Threshold flux measurements were made for as-received and patterned membranes by the flux-stepping measurement method using solutions of silica nanoparticles with different surface chemistry as model foulants. A combined intermediate pore blocking and cake filtration model was applied to the experimental data to determine threshold flux values. Model fits were in excellent agreement with experimental data, indicating that it is an effective tool for determining threshold flux with a sparse data set. Patterned membranes generally exhibited 20–25% higher threshold flux than as-received membranes. Differences in Coulombic interactions and hydrophilicity between the foulants and membrane surface influenced fouling rates. Nevertheless, patterning influenced the threshold flux more significantly than differences in the surface chemistry of foulant particles.
Rethinking Urban Female Adolescents' Safety Net: The Role of Family, Peers, and Sexual Partners in Social Support.

Purpose:To examine how interpersonal factors are associated with family, peer, and partner social support among urban female adolescents in sexual relationships.Design:Secondary data analysis of cr...
Physics-guided multi-objective mixture optimization for functional cementitious composites containing microencapsulated phase changing materials

Abstract A physics-guided multi-objective optimization procedure is developed for the mixture design of functional cementitious materials containing microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCM). The mixture design procedure combines physics-based models with multi-objective optimization and decision-making methods to meet user’s demands on material’s mechanical and thermal properties, as well as the requirements for sustainability, functionalities, and cost. Physics-based models were utilized to draw the linkage between design variables and objective functions, including a hydration model to capture the hydration kinetics of slag-blended cement and a multiscale sub-stepping homogenization model to obtain the properties of cementitious composite. The multi-objective feasible enhanced particle swarm optimization (MOFEPSO) algorithm and the technique for preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) algorithm are used for mixture optimization and decision-making. The material design method is demonstrated through the design of functional cementitious composite materials containing two MEPCMs – i.e., a polymer encapsulated paraffin wax (PolyPCM) and a recently developed fly-ash cenosphere encapsulated PCM (CenoPCM). The design decision-making charts show the trade-offs among mechanical, thermal, and economic performances of cementitious composites containing MEPCMs. The mixture optimization and decision-making method can be used to assist the design of a variety types of functional cementitious composite and concrete.
Remembering the Past to See the Future.

In addition to the role that our visual system plays in determining what we are seeing right now, visual computations contribute in important ways to predicting what we will see next. While the rol...
Seemingly More Extreme: Larger Choice Sets Shift People Towards Objectively, but Not Subjectively, More Extreme Options

Extremeness aversion—the tendency for consumers to prefer middling options in a choice set—is an incredibly robust and well-studied phenomenon (Neumann, Bockenholt, and Sinha 2016; Simonson 1989; Simonson and Tversky 1992; Tversky and Simonson 1993). However, there is still an unanswered question as to how choice set size—the number of options available to the consumer—affects extremeness aversion. In nine studies (Ntotal = 9,671), we demonstrate that consumers choose objectively more extreme options in larger (vs. smaller) choice sets. This occurs because larger choice sets are more likely to have multiple (vs. just one) extreme options at each tier, leading consumer to perceive the objectively more extreme options as less extreme. We demonstrate this effect is robust across different types of large choice sets, hypothetical and incentive-compatible studies, and in a variety of decision contexts (e.g., purchasing an item vs. choosing an activity to complete). Further, we identify boundary conditions, revealing that the composition of a large choice set can attenuate the effect.
Addition of external beam radiation therapy to adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with a survival benefit for patients with stage IIIC endometrioid carcinoma

Objectives: Evaluate whether the addition of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) to adjuvant chemotherapy with or without vaginal brachytherapy is associated with better survival for patients with lymph node positive (stage IIIC) endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. Methods: Patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 with apparent early stage (T1-2/M0) endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma, without a history of another tumor, who underwent hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy and had positive lymph nodes were identified in the National Cancer Database. Those who received adjuvant chemotherapy (defined as receipt of treatment within 6 months from surgery) and had at least one month of follow-up were selected for further analysis. Overall survival was compared between patients who did and did not receive EBRT within 6 months from surgery with the log-rank test. A Cox multivariate model was also constructed to control for confounders. Stratified analysis by burden of lymphatic disease was also performed. Results: A total of 3116 patients were identified; 1458 (46.8%) received chemotherapy without EBRT and 1658 (53.2%) received chemotherapy with EBRT. In the present cohort, 911 (29.2%) patients received vaginal brachytherapy; of them 354 (38.9%) patients received chemotherapy and vaginal brachytherapy, while 557 (61.1%) patients received chemotherapy, EBRT and vaginal brachytherapy. Patients who received EBRT were more likely to be Conclusions: For patients with endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma metastatic to the lymph nodes, addition of EBRT to adjuvant chemotherapy (with or without brachytherapy) may be associated with a survival benefit.
Cadre ethnographer: Chinese land reform novels and the making of socialist history

Zhou Libo’s Baofeng zhouyu (Hurricane) and Ding Ling’s Taiyang zhao zai Sangganhe shang (The Sun Shines Over the Sanggan River), both written in 1948 and dual recipients of the Stalin Prize for Lit...
Chapter 12 – Phenols in the Ocean

Publisher Summary Phenol is hydroxyl benzene. The five aromatic carbons not bonded to the hydroxyl group readily react with methyl carbons to form methyl phenols (alkyl phenols) and with halogens to form a wide variety of halogenated phenols, many of which are manufactured as herbicides, insecticides, biocides, and wood preservatives. Phenol; alkyl phenols; and to a lesser extent, halogenated phenols; are natural components of the environment. There is relatively little published information about the marine and freshwater eco-toxicology of phenol. This is because phenol is not particularly toxic to aquatic organisms or their consumers, including man, and it is not persistent in the environment. Concern about phenol stems mainly from its tendency to impart a taste and odor taint to water and the aquatic/marine organisms living in phenol-contaminated water. In addition, phenol is produced as a waste byproduct in many industrial processes, such as dye manufacture, coking of coal, coal gasification, oil production and refining, pulp and paper manufacture, and chemical synthesis. Wastewater from these manufacturing operations is major source of anthropogenic phenols in freshwater and marine environments. The limited information available about the bioaccumulation of phenol by aquatic organisms supports the conclusion that phenol, though readily bioavailable, does not bioaccumulate to a significant degree in tissues of freshwater and marine organisms.
GENERALIZED IDENTITY MATCHING IN THE PIGEON: ROLE OF EXTENDED OBSERVING- AND CHOICE-RESPONSE REQUIREMENTS

Four experimentally naive White Carneau pigeons matched three hues to each other in a variant of an identity matching-to-sample procedure with a fixed-ratio 20 on samples and a response-initiated fixed-interval 8 s on comparisons. The extent to which the pigeons were matching on the basis of identity was assessed by presenting, in extinction, test trials comprising novel stimuli serving as the sample and comparison stimuli. When the test trials were comprised only of novel stimuli, three out of the four pigeons demonstrated substantially above-chance levels of accuracy. These data suggest that the extended observing- and choice-response requirements facilitate the development of generalized identity matching performance.
Habit in Consumer Behavior

This article discusses habit in the context of consumer behavior. Specifically, examination of the formation and alternation of consumer habits and the underlying processes, and the comparison of habit and other related concepts such as low involvement decision making and brand loyalty are included. Keywords: habit; repeat purchase; behavioral change; inhibition; past behavior
Inevitable Multiplicity of Subject Positions in Fawzia Afzal Khan’s Lahore with Love: Growing Up with Girlfriends, Pakistani-Style

In a conversation that I had with Professor P. S. Chauhan via e-mail, he pointed out that in the recent surge in American autobiography the urge to assert and celebrate the self is an inevitable response to the gradual obliteration of the self by the flattening forces of contemporary culture of the megalopolis. In that surge, Fawzia Afzal-Khan’s tightlywoven, well-crafted, poetically exuberant, intellectually incisive memoir, Lahore with Love: Growing Up with Girlfriends, Pakistani-Style, is a delight to read. I particularly enjoyed reading Afzal-Khan’s memoir because the narrator’s location could have engendered the predicament of perceiving history and social and cultural praxes with an ahistorical cosmopolitanism, but the narrator steers clear of that danger by weaving the fragments of her memory to reconstruct history. In a narrative inflected by feminism, postcolonialism, and poststructuralism, Fawzia Afzal Khan, in her memoir, is increasingly concerned with the ideology of narrative texts. By deploying poststructuralist methodology in her works, Afzal-Khan attempts to relate form or technique to issues of social, cultural, and political ideology. Lahore with Love: Growing Up with Girlfriends, Pakistani Style veers away from the formalism of narratology by serving certain interests and undermining others, expressing certain values and negating others, reconstructing certain power relations and challenging others. I borrow Susan Sniader Lancer’s notion of both narrative structures and women’s writing being constituted by the variables of race, gender, sexuality, education, marital status, social class, and nationality which generate complex conventions and relations of power (“Toward a Feminist Poetics of Narrative Voice.” Narrative/Theory. By David H. Richter. New York: Longman Publishers, 1996:184). This complexity of identities challenges stereotypes, alliances, and biases generated by hegemonic discourse. The narrative voice in Afzal-Khan’s memoir engages questions of authority through employing the autodiegetic “I” to construct a credible voice and to mediate the voices of the other characters. This strategy enables the author to use narrative situations as textual mediums through which her own voice is channeled. Interestingly, Afzal-Khan combines the autodiegetic “I” with the authorial voice to transgress the conventional construction of the feminine. Within a narrative framework created by the interwovenness of postcolonialism and poststructuralism, the extension of
Complexes of tribenzylarsine oxide—II: Complexes with lanthanon(III) nitrates

Abstract Complexes of tribenzylarsine oxide (Bz 3 AsO) with yttrium and with most of the trivalent lanthanon nitrates have been prepared. Even though excess ligand was used in preparation of these complexes, the stoichiometry, in each case, was ML 3 (NO 3 ) 3 . Electrical conductivities in acetonitrile, i.r. spectra and magnetic moments are reported. The tribenzylarsine oxide complexes of the lanthanons are compared to their triphenylphosphine oxide and triphenylarsine oxide analogs.
Echo Epidemics: Control Fraud Epidemics Generate 'White-Collar Street Crime' Epidemics - Comment on: Mortgage Origination Fraud and the Global Economic Crisis: A Criminological Analysis

“Control fraud” drove the crisis. Control fraud occurs when those that control a seemingly legitimate entity use it as a “weapon” to defraud. In finance, accounting is the “weapon of choice.” Regulators, criminologists, and criminologists have documented the pervasive role of control fraud in causing the second phase of the S&L debacle. That crisis was followed by the accounting control frauds of Enron and its ilk. Top economists, criminologists, and the S&L regulators agreed that lenders engaged in accounting control fraud optimize through a four-part recipe that is a “sure thing” – it produces guaranteed, record (fictional) near-term profits and catastrophic losses in the longer-term. •Extremely rapid growth •Lending at high (nominal) yield to borrowers that will frequently be able to repay •Extreme leverage •Providing grossly inadequate reserves against the losses inherent in making bad loans. Epidemics of accounting control fraud can cause bubbles to hyper-inflate – producing severe crises. Fraud can also cause markets to fail, rather than “clear.”
Dwarf Galaxies as Low Surface Brightness Galaxies

Because of the weak correlation between surface brightness and luminosity, as galaxy surveys reach to lower surface brightnesses, increasing numbers of dwarf galaxies are found. Thus, studies of dwarf galaxies are relevant to our understanding of the low surface brightness universe. In particular, studies of nearby LSB dwarfs may help to answer questions concerning: (1) star formation in low abundance and low mass surface density envrionments, (2) star formation histories of galaxies and the relative youth of LSB galaxies, and (3) the chemical evolution of LSB galaxies. HST WFPC2 photometry of the resolved stars in nearby dwarf galaxies is particularly useful for all three questions. H II region abundances remain the best probe of current ISM abundances. Current evidence favors total mass (or luminosity) as the primary factor for determining the present day chemical abundance in both LSB and HSB galaxies. It remains possible that mass surface density (or surface brightness) may be a second controlling parameter.
Landscape patterns and environmental controls of deciduousness in forests of central Panama.

Aim Dry season deciduousness affects intra- and inter-annual patterns of carbon, water and energy balance in seasonal tropical forests. Because it is affected by rainfall, temperature and solar radiation, deciduousness may be an indicator of the response of vegetation to climate change. Better understanding of how spatial patterns of deciduousness are affected by climate and other environmental gradients will improve the ability to predict responses to climate change. This study develops remote sensing methods for quantifying tropical forest deciduousness and examines the relationship between deciduousness and environmental factors in semi-deciduous tropical forest. Location Central Panama. Methods I applied spectral mixture analysis (SMA) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to Landsat images to predict deciduousness which was ground-truthed with field observations of the percentage of overstorey deciduous trees. Using predicted deciduousness from SMA, patterns of deciduousness at three spatial scales were analysed. I determined how deciduousness varied spatially with rainfall and geological substrate. Results Both SMA and NDVI had strong correlations (r > 0.9) with field observations of deciduousness. On a landscape scale, deciduousness increased as rainfall decreased, but geological substrate altered this relationship. On some geological substrates, deciduousness was much greater than expected for a given rainfall total or showed a slight but significant increase with rainfall. At an intermediate spatial scale, there were highly deciduous patches from 3 to 250 ha in size embedded in non-deciduous forest, which may have resulted from topography, soil variation or past land use. Main conclusions Dry season deciduousness can be accurately quantified using satellite images indicating that remote sensing can be a valuable tool for detecting change and understanding ecosystem processes in tropical forests from landscape to regional scales.
Control of Intractable Ventricular Tachycardia by Coronary Revascularization

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is an arrhythmia that has an ischemic origin in up to 74% of cases and results in a 42 to 67% mortality when it is recurrent and paroxysmal. Present therapy is aimed at suppression of the abnormal rhythm but does not alter the prognosis of the underlying ischemic heart disease. A new concept of treatment of VT is introduced that is based on direct coronary revascularization by the aorta to coronary, saphenous vein-bypass technique. The method was successfully applied in a 61-year-old man who developed episodes of VT 2 months after myocardial infarction. Maximal medical therapy in a coronary care unit for 26 days did not abolish the arrhythmia which occurred as frequently as seven times an hour. Coronary angiography and aortocoronary bypass grafting were done when the patient developed electrocardiographic and enzyme evidence of subendocardial myocardial infarction and symptoms of cerebral ischemia. The patient remains free of arrhythmia 1 year later, and his exercise capabilit...
Hall coefficient and magnetoresistance of carbons and polycrystalline graphite in the temperature range 1.5°–300°K

Abstract Temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient, magnetoresistance and relative resistance were measured for a soft carbon, a hard carbon and a binderless carbon black solid at 22 KG in the temperature range from room temperature down to 1.5°K. The carbons were heattreated in steps of 200° or 300° from 1000° up to 3200°C. Liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen and liquid helium were used as coolants. The results are presented in form of a number of graphs. The dependence of the Hall coefficient on temperature for the soft carbon was found to be essentially in agreement with previous findings. Some new features at high HTT's probably connected with incomplete graphitizability of the soft carbon and of the carbon black were noted and the applicability of the touching band model to the hard carbon is inferred. The magnetoresistance, which is negative for all lower heattreated materials, goes through a minimum at very low temperatures. The position of the minimum shifts to lower temperature with increase in HTT of the material. The behavior of the resistance in the low temperature range is very different for the three types of carbons; the data confirm the presence of anomalies in the soft carbon as observed by Griffith and Gayley.
Binding Affinities of WT and H93R PTEN to Lipid Membranes Containing PS and PI(4,5)P2

PTEN is a phosphatidylinositolphosphate (PIP) phosphatase frequently mutated in human cancer [1]. By lowering PI(3,4,5)P3 levels in the plasma membrane, it functions as an antagonist to PI3-kinase in the regulatory circuit that controls cell proliferation and survival. wt PTEN has only weak affinity to zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine (PC) membranes but a strong interaction with anionic lipids. Its C2 domain was shown to bind in a Ca2+ independent manner to phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), whereas a short N-terminal domain binds specifically to PI(4,5)P2 [2,3]. H93R PTEN is an autism related mutant which has decreased phosphatase activity [4].Using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), we characterized the affinity of wt and H93R PTEN to tethered bilayer lipid membranes (tBLMs) that contain PC and PS, PC and PI(4,5)P2, and PC, PS and PI(4,5)P2. As compared with wt PTEN, we find that the H93R mutation is sufficient to cause significant changes in the protein's association with lipid membranes. H93R PTEN has a stronger affinity to membranes containing PS than wt PTEN. PI(4,5)P2 enhances the apparent binding constant for both proteins and leads to intriguing binding kinetics of the protein to the membrane. The binding of either protein to membranes containing both PS and PI(4,5)P2 shows a biphasic behavior, suggesting two independent binding sites. This supports the hypothesis of non-competitive binding of the protein to PS and PI(4,5)P2 [5]. We estimate and compare the amount and the thickness of the adsorbed protein layers which is further investigated in neutron reflectivity experiments.1) Shaw et al., Nature (2006) 441, 424-4302) Lee et al., Cell (1999) 99, 323-3343) Das et al., PNAS (2003) 100, 7491-74964) Redfern et al., Protein Science (2010) 19, 1948-19565) Redfern et al., Biochemistry (2008) 47(7), 2162-2171
Rethinking Remediation Toward a Social-Cognitive Understanding of Problematic Reading and Writing

Each year a large number of students enter American higher education unprepared for the reading and writing tasks they encounter. Labeled “remedial,”“nontraditional,”“developmental,”“underprepared,...
Some current topics in dislocation theory

Some topics of current interest in dislocation theory are discussed. Included are considerations of the elastic fields of dislocations with emphasis on nonlinear and anisotropic elastic effects and boundary conditions for computer simulations. Also discussed are core structures, extended dislocation arrays, boundaries and interfaces and dislocations in thin films.
The growth and characterization of two new P-type compressively strained layer InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors for mid- and long-wavelength infrared detection

Investigation of two p-type compressively-strained layer (PCSL) InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) grown on (10 0) semi-insulating (SI) GaAs substrate has been carried out. The first detector uses a step-bound-to-miniband (SBTM) transition scheme for long wavelength infrared (LWIR) detection and has a detection peak at 10.4 μm with a full width at half-maximum bandwidth, Δλ/λ p = 20%. A responsivity of 28 mA/W was obtained for this detector at T = 65 K and V = 3.0 V, with a spectral detectivity D* = 1.4 x 10 9 cm Hz 1/2 W -1 at T = 65 K and V = 1.0 V. The detector was under the background limited performance (BLIP) at T = 40K and V ≤ 2.0 V. The second detector is a two-color stacked QWIP composed of a PCSL In 0.2 Ga 0.8 As/Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 As QWIP for the MWIR detection at λ p = 4.8 μm and a PCSL In 0.15 Ga 0.85 As/Al 0.1 Ga 0.9 As for the LWIR detection at λ p = 10 μm. The peak responsivity for the LWIR QWIP was found to be 25 mA/W at V b = 2 V, T = 40 K, λ p = 10 μm, a FWHM of Δλ/λ p = 40%, and the calculated detectivity was found to be D* = 1.1 x 10 10 cm Hz 1/2 W -1 . Two response peaks for the MWIR QWIP were found to be at 4.8 and 5.4 μm with maximum responsivities of 12 and 19 mA/W (at T = 77 K and V b = 5 V), and spectral bandwidths of 21 and 26%, respectively. The detectivity (D*) for the MWIR stack determined at λ p = 5.4 μm, V b = 1.0 V and T = 77 K was found to be 5.5 x 10 11 cm Hz 1/2 W -1 .
The Analysis of Phosphate, Arsenate, and Silicate by Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography

Abstract The separation of 12-Molybdoarsenic Acid (12-MAA), 12-molybdosaicic Acid (12-MSA) and 12-molybdophosphoric Acid (12-MPA) by a disposable commercially available SEP-PAK(tm) C18 reverse phase liquid chromatography column is described with UV-visible detection. The mobile phase is an acetonitrile-water solution which is 0.050 F in HCIO4 and 0.016 F in MoO4 −2. In these solutions lowering the acetonitrile concentration to 10.0% (v/v) inhibits the formation of 12-MAA while allowing the formation of 12-MPA and 12-MSA resulting in the retention of 12-MPA and 12-MSA upon infusion through a SEP-PAK C18 column. The arsenate anion remains in the column effluent. 12-MSA is eluted from the column by 3.0 ml of a solution which is 25.0% in acetonitrile, 0.060 F in HClO4 and 0.016 F in MoO4 −2 and the 12-MPA is eluted from the column by 3.0 ml of a solution which is 55.0% (v/v) in acetonitrile, 0.060 F in HCIO4 and 0.016 F in MoO4 −2. The column effluent which contains AsO4 −3 is then brought up to 35.0% acetoni...
Labor mobility and the incidence of the residential property tax

Abstract This paper analyzes the incidence of the residential property tax in an economy with two communities. Workers are perfectly mobile so that their utility levels are equal in the two communities in equilibrium. The property tax is modeled as an ad valorem tax on housing services.
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Retinol Palmitate (Vitamin A) for Symptomatic Chronic Radiation Proctopathy

This study was designed to determine whether oral retinol palmitate (vitamin A) can reduce the symptoms of radiation proctopathy. A randomized, double-blind trial comparing retinol palmitate (10,000 IU by mouth for 90 days) to placebo was conducted. Eligible patients were more than six months postpelvic radiotherapy and had significant symptoms as measured with the Radiation Proctopathy System Assessments Scale. Nineteen patients were randomized in total: ten to retinol palmitate and nine to placebo. The Radiation Proctopathy System Assessments Scale scores before and every 30 days for 90 days were measured. Five placebo nonresponders were crossed over to the retinol palmitate for another 90 days. Response was defined as a reduction in two or more symptoms by at least two Radiation Proctopathy System Assessments Scale points. Seven of ten retinol palmitate patients responded, whereas two of nine responded to placebo (P = 0.057). Mean pre-post-treatment change in Radiation Proctopathy System Assessments Scale (Δ Radiation Proctopathy System Assessments Scale) in the retinol palmitate group was 11 ± 5, whereas Δ Radiation Proctopathy System Assessments Scale in the placebo group was 2.5 ± 3.6 (P = 0.013, Mann-Whitney U test). Additionally, all five placebo nonresponders who were crossed over to treatment with retinal palmitate responded to treatment. In our trial, retinol palmitate significantly reduced rectal symptoms of radiation proctopathy, perhaps because of wound-healing effects. The current results can serve as the foundation for future trials examining retinol palmitate in the multi-institutional setting.
Regimes of Ethnicity and Nationhood in Germany, Russia, and Turkey

Sener Akturk's three-country study provides an in-depth explanation of ethnicity policy reform in Germany, Russia and Turkey. Through a historical institutional approach he traces why these changes...
Temporal Variation in Abundance of an Isolated Population of Cutthroat Trout in Western Oregon, 1981–1991

Abstract The magnitude of variation in an isolated population of wild coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki clarki is described for an 11-year study period during which conditions in a Cascade Mountain drainage in western Oregon were relatively stable. Dead Horse Canyon Creek watershed, which drains 1,376 ha in the upper Molalla River, experienced no storm events or disturbances of riparian habitat that caused major changes in channel configuration. Cutthroat trout populations in Dead Horse Canyon Creek varied from year to year, while habitat conditions remained constant, which thereby complicated any analyses of the independent effects of land management activities on the population. The cutthroat trout population fluctuated substantially within and among age-classes, with young of the year showing the greatest variation and age-1 fish the least. Because most of the habitat models used to predict changes in trout populations do not incorporate natural variations in populations under similar habitat...