cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systematic Relationships of Pocket Gophers (Genus Geomys) on the Central Great Plains

Taxonomic relationships of two supposed species, Geomys bursarius and G. lutescens , on the Central Great Plains were assessed using morphometric, bacular, karyotypic, and electrophoretic analyses. Only cranial size and pelage color proved useful in differentiating between the taxa in a zone of contact in Kansas, where no indication of morphometric intergradation was found. Populations of the same taxa in a zone of contact in Nebraska were distinct not only morphometrically but also karyologically and electrophoretically; however, results from all three data sets suggested introgression. These genetic data and the lack of concordance between zones of contact in Kansas and Nebraska indicate that the two taxa should be regarded as subspecies of G. bursarius rather than distinct species.
Elastic and Inelastic Proton Scattering from Pd 106 and Pd 108

Angular distributions of elastically and inelastically scattered 12- and 13-MeV protons from $^{106}\mathrm{Pd}$ and $^{108}\mathrm{Pd}$ have been measured for angles between 24\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 165\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Quadrupole and octupole deformation parameters, ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}$ and ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{3}$, were extracted from the experimental cross sections by means of the distorted-wave direct-interaction theory. They are: ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}=0.25$ and ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{3}=0.15$ for $^{106}\mathrm{Pd}$, and ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}=0.23$ and ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{3}=0.14$ for $^{108}\mathrm{Pd}$. These are consistent with values obtained through Coulomb-excitation studies. The octupole states were observed at 2.07 MeV in $^{106}\mathrm{Pd}$ and 2.03 MeV in $^{108}\mathrm{Pd}$. Differential cross sections of the two-quadrupole phonon states have been compared with the predictions of the coupled-channels theory as extended by Tamura. To achieve reasonable agreement between experiment and theory for excitation of the second ${2}^{+}$ level, it was necessary to admix the one- and two-quadrupole phonon states. Energies and cross sections at one angle for a number of other levels below 3.2 MeV are also reported.
An ecological comparison of two sympatric primates:Saguinus fuscicollis andCallicebus moloch of Amazonian Peru

The ecologies of two sympatric primates,Saguinus fuscicollis andCallicebus moloch, were compared during a four-month field study in southeastern Peru in order to examine the mechanisms by which these primate frugivores minimize competition for food and space.Saguinus fuscicollis andCallicebus moloch were found to differ dramatically both in diet and in use of the shared habitat. Specifically, tamarins and titis showed very little overlap in their choices of food plants or animal foods and they used distinctive foraging styles, exploiting very different parts of the habitat for animal prey. Significant interspecific differences were found in the use of particular support structures and strata within the forest, and in the density of vegetation preferred. These results suggest that resource competition between saddle-backed tamarins and dusky titis is minimal, a fact that could account for the high frequency of free association between the two species and the benign nature of these interspecific contacts.
Effects of granuloma formation at site of vasovasostomy.

Abstract Spermatic granulomas forming after vasectomy reversal have been thought to mechanically compromise the anastomosis. We have studied the physiologic effects of vasectomy and vasovasostomy in rats. Following delayed microsurgical vasovasostomy, fluid flow through the anastomosis and cauda epididymidal hydrostatic pressure are not significantly different in tracts that form, or do not form, sperm granulomas at the anastomosis. Given a properly performed microsurgical vasectomy reversal, a sperm granuloma arising from a small leak does not appear to mechanically compromise the anastomosis in the rat. Fertility after vasovasostomy is not significantly reduced in rats with granulomas.
Predicting accurate fluorescent spectra for high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using density functional theory

Abstract The ability of density functional theory (DFT) methods to predict accurate fluorescence spectra for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is explored. Two methods, PBE0 and CAM-B3LYP, are evaluated both in the gas phase and in solution. Spectra for several of the most toxic PAHs are predicted and compared to experiment, including three isomers of C 24 H 14 and a PAH containing heteroatoms. Unusually high-resolution experimental spectra are obtained for comparison by analyzing each PAH at 4.2 K in an n -alkane matrix. All theoretical spectra visually conform to the profiles of the experimental data but are systematically offset by a small amount. Specifically, when solvent is included the PBE0 functional overestimates peaks by 16.1 ± 6.6 nm while CAM-B3LYP underestimates the same transitions by 14.5 ± 7.6 nm. These calculated spectra can be empirically corrected to decrease the uncertainties to 6.5 ± 5.1 and 5.7 ± 5.1 nm for the PBE0 and CAM-B3LYP methods, respectively. A comparison of computed spectra in the gas phase indicates that the inclusion of n -octane shifts peaks by +11 nm on average and this change is roughly equivalent for PBE0 and CAM-B3LYP. An automated approach for comparing spectra is also described that minimizes residuals between a given theoretical spectrum and all available experimental spectra. This approach identifies the correct spectrum in all cases and excludes approximately 80% of the incorrect spectra, demonstrating that an automated search of theoretical libraries of spectra may eventually become feasible.
Not all inflammation in the right lower quadrant is appendicitis: A case report of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with a review of the literature

Although significant work has been presented on this subject in pediatric, infectious disease, and epidemiologic literature, there is a noteworthy lack of information on Escherichia coli O157:H7 in any surgical journals. As this disease can present with signs and symptoms often ascribed to the acute abdomen, it is imperative that the general surgeon, pediatric surgeon, and colorectal surgeon are all familiar with this infection and its clinical ramifications. A case report followed by a review of the literature is presented.
Epidemiologic Definition of a Case

Standardized definitions of what constitutes a case of AD or dementia are essential to guard against misclassification of the outcome and consequent misestimation of risk and odds ratios. Well-designed studies often carry out a rediagnosis of cases using standardized criteria and methods. Passive case-finding from medical records is acceptable if enough information is available to confirm that diagnoses were made in a uniform way. Most cohort studies have used a two-phase design, screening for potential cases using a brief global cognitive measure followed by detailed clinical evaluation of suspects. Better estimates of prevalence and incidence can be obtained by evaluating samples of individuals who score well on the screening test in addition to all of those who score poorly. It is generally easier to identify prevalent than incident cases, because the former usually strongly satisfy all criteria for dementia or AD, whereas the latter may satisfy these criteria marginally. A large, national cohort study in the United States is needed that would examine risk factors for AD incidence within multiple racial/ethnic and cultural groups using a standardized methodological framework.
Occupational Health and Safety Aspects of Oil and Gas Extraction

This chapter provides an overview of what is known regarding safety and the health hazards for modern oil and gas (O&G) extraction workers. The first section discusses the leading causes of workplace death, with a particular focus on transportation-related issues. It also describes the development of a new NIOSH database to collect detailed information on oilfield fatalities. The second section of the chapter provides an overview of the known risks for chemical and mineral exposures to workers engaged in unconventional O&G extraction. Particular focus is paid to hydrogen sulfide, hydrocarbon gases and vapors, diesel particulate matter, and respirable crystalline silica and metals.
Multiple stressors, state-dependence and predation risk — foraging trade-offs: toward a modern concept of trait-mediated indirect effects in communities and ecosystems

Trait-mediated indirect effects driven by organismal foraging-predation risk trade-offs can determine food web structure and ecosystem functioning. How this trade-off is shaped by organismal state in relation to multiple environmental stressors remains poorly understood. Attention to this issue is fundamentally important in an era of global change where multiple stressors increasingly present unique challenges for populations of organisms. The challenges are compounded by geographic patterns in adaptation that influence organismal state and the scope of trade-off responses. We argue for a modern approach that links evolutionary history to state-dependence to determine the scope of organismal foraging-predation risk trade-off behavior in the face of multiple stressors. Such integration will enhance predictions of the ecological consequences of organism living in different environmental contexts.
120 Million Agents Self-Organize into 6 Million Firms: A Model of the U.S. Private Sector

An agent model is described at full-scale with the U.S. private sector, consisting of some 120 million agents. Using data on the population of U.S. firms the model is calibrated to closely reproduce firm sizes, ages, growth rates, job tenure and labor flows, along with several other empirically-important facts. It consists of a coalition formation model in which the Nash equilibria are dynamically unstable for sufficiently large coalitions. When agents are free to join coalitions where they are made better off there results a steady-state distribution of coalitions. The agent level is in perpetual disequilibrium but the aggregate level approaches a steady-state. This model represents a significant advance over conventional approaches to economic modeling, made possible by large-scale, parallel agent computing.
Ironing out how p53 regulates ferroptosis

Since it was first found capable of suppressing transformation by E1A and RAS oncogenes (1), and then shortly thereafter discovered to be mutationally inactivated in over half of all human tumors (2), uncovering how the TP53 tumor suppressor (hereafter p53) inhibits tumor initiation and progression has remained one of the holy grails of the cancer field. At no point in this journey has p53 been readily forthcoming about its secret tumor-suppressor activities, and there have been many twists and turns along the way. In PNAS, Ou et al. (3) take us one step toward what recent data indicate might be the correct pathway of tumor suppression, with their identification of SAT1 (spermidine/spermine N 1-acetyltransferase 1), a mediator of polyamine catabolism, and ALOX15 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase), a lipid oxygenase, in a recently identified activity of p53 in the regulation of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is an iron-mediated, caspase-independent, pathway of cell death that requires the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides. This pathway was first discovered by Stockwell and colleagues in 2012 (4), and this group later showed that this pathway was controlled by GPX4, a glutathione-regulated lipid repair enzyme (5). In 2015, Gu and colleagues implicated ferroptosis as a critical component of tumor suppression by p53 (6). However, before describing the collision between the fields of p53 and ferroptosis, it would be informative to analyze the data of Ou et al. (3) in a historical context, by highlighting the 27-year search for the key activities of p53 in tumor suppression. Throughout this quest, scientists focused on two questions: first, what stimulus does p53 “sense” when it becomes activated to suppress tumor development? And second, what key target genes does p53 regulate to eliminate the precancerous cell? Some of the first-described p53 target genes that were found to align in … [↵][1]1Email: mmurphy{at}wistar.org. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
The Relationship of Opiate Analgesia to Quality of Life in an Adult Sickle Cell Population.

Pain is a limiting factor in the daily life activities of sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. Opioid analgesics are widely used for management of SCD-related chronic pain in the community. To date there have been no studies on the use of opioids and their impact on quality of life (QoL) measures in this population. Patients on long-term opioid pain management may also be on hydroxyurea (HU), which is often used to decrease the frequency of painful episodes and other SCD sequelae. HU is also known to affect some QoL measures. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of opioid analgesia on QoL measures in an adult SCD population. This study included 185 patients, 92 females and 93 males, from the outpatient clinic at Duke University Medical Center. 117 patients either had homozygous SCD or were doubly heterozygous for Sβ 0 thalassemia; 68 patients were of different genotypes. Data were collected by patient interviews as well as review of medical records after informed consent. The Medical Outcome Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36) was used to determine QoL measures, and the results were scored in standard fashion. Differences in variables of interest between narcotic users and narcotic non-users were analyzed using t-tests. ANOVAs were used to identify combined effects of narcotics, HU and their interaction with SF-36 scores. Gender, age and genotypes were included as covariates. Patient data were classified in 4 groups based on report of regular use of opioids (at least 30 days within the preceding year) and HU (any use during the preceding year) as follows: no HU or narcotics (none); narcotics only; HU only; and narcotics and HU. SF-36 scores for all physical and mental domains were significantly lower in individuals on opiates vs those not on opiates, in all age groups (p
'Peregrinatio animae': Cartographic Spaces and Epistemological Debates in the Franco-Italian 'Huon d'Auvergne'

This essay proposes an interpretation of the mercantile and spiritual spaces in the Franco-Italian Huon d'Auvergne romance-epic using fourteenth-century cartographic principles. Central to this reading is the scholastic refashioning of the Dantean Limbo model in the Huon epic. Here, Ptolemy oversees a congregation of Sorbonne professors, depicted as ancient authorities, who are condemned to futile debate and unruly students. This discussion proposes an interpretation that links the epic's criticism of Aristotelianism, and embrace of Neo-platonic epistemology, to the representations of mercantile (portolan) and symbolic (mappamundi) cartographic contours.
Distributed voltage control method using Volt-Var control curve of photovoltaic inverter for a smart power grid system

The integration of distributed generations (DGs) in the electric power grid introduces distribution voltage (DV) fluctuations. Load demand variations are another source of DV fluctuations. The DV needs to be maintained within five percent of its nominal value. Several approaches exist for controlling the DV e.g. transformer tap-changers (TPCs), capacitor banks (CBs), voltage regulators (VRs), and static VAR compensators (SVCs). However, these DV control methods require installation and maintenance of new equipment for the electric power utilities. In addition, these devices have a relatively long response time. Due to the increase of DG integration, the DV needs to react promptly. Distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation have been increasing rapidly. The smart PV inverter enables several strategies to control the DV. For example, the smart PV inverter can absorb and generate reactive power (Var) using the Volt-Var control strategy to regulate the DV. This paper shows an experimental study of the Volt-Var control method using a smart PV inverter. The Volt-Var control strategy was tested using a smart SMA PV inverter. When the DV drops, the smart PV inverter dispatches Var to increase the DV. On the other hand, when the DV is higher than its nominal value, the smart PV inverter absorbs Var to decrease the DV. The real-time analysis of the Volt-Var control method was investigated in the Maui Advanced Solar Initiative project.
Enhanced Mechanical and Adhesion Properties in Sustainable Triblock Copolymers via Non-covalent Interactions

ABA triblock copolymers are used as thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) for a wide variety of applications. Herein, we describe incorporation of sugar-based glassy components to create sustainable triblock copolymers as alternatives for commodity TPEs. Poly(glucose-6-acrylate-1,2,3,4-tetraacetate) [PGATA] and poly(acetylated acrylic isosorbide) [PAAI] end blocks were chain-extended from a poly(n-butyl acrylate) [PnBA] midblock. PAAI–PnBA–PAAI exhibited excellent adhesion properties: peel = 8.74 N cm–1, loop tack = 2.96 N cm–2, no shear failure up to 100 h, and shear adhesion failure temperature (SAFT) = 60 °C. Although similar peel adhesion and higher loop tack were observed for PGATA–PnBA–PGATA, the shear strength and SAFT were moderate (18 h and 42 °C, respectively). PAAI–PnBA–PAAI are tough elastomers and demonstrated high stress and elongation at break (σ = 6.5 MPa and e = 620%, respectively) while the GATA-based analogue exhibited weaker tensile properties (σ = 0.8 MPa and e = 476%). To address this, the...
VEGF Expression by Epithelial and Stromal Cell Compartments: Resolving a Controversy

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in healing wounds provokes dermal angiogenesis through complex mechanisms involving promotion of endothelial cell proliferation 1,2 and survival, 3-5 specific induction of endothelial cell gene expression, 6-10 and increased microvascular permeability. 11,12 Microvascular hyperpermeability transforms the extracellular matrix by promoting extravasation of fibrinogen, 13 fibronectin, 14 and other proteins from blood plasma. 14
Immunohistochemistry of Epithelial Proliferations

Epithelial tumors that derive from the epidermis and adnexal structures may share keratinocytic cytology and epithelial growth patterns. Immunohistochemical stains using antibodies to detect specific proteins that are associated with the tumor cell origin are helpful in diagnosis.
Evaluating Recurring Traffic Congestion Using Change Point Regression and Random Variation Markov Structured Model

This study develops a probabilistic framework that evaluates the dynamic evolution of recurring traffic congestion (RTC) using the random variation Markov structured regression (MSR). This approach...
Of protons or proteins

Mass analyses have been carried out on ions produced by an Electrospray (ES) source from dilute solutions of protein molecules with molecular weights (M) in the range from 5000 to nearly 40000. Each spectrum comprises a sequence of peaks corresponding to multiply charged intact parent species. The ions of each peak differ from those of their adjacent neighbors by one unit charge, H+ in these experiments. The maximum number of charges per ion generally increases with the molecular weight of the parent molecule, reaching a value of 45 in the case of alcohol dehydrogenase, atM=39830 the largest species in this study. Thus the resulting values ofm/z are within reach of a simple quadrupole mass filter whose nominal upper mass limit is 1500 daltons! The immediate application for the ES source is in mass spectrometric analysis of large fragile molecules of biochemical importance. But the multiply charged ions it produces are newcomers to the laboratory scene that constitute interesting subjects for study.
Chapter 15 – Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic Radiation

For a number of years, Maxwell worked to express, in mathematical form, the physical ideas of Faraday. One of them is that electric charge is associated with electric field lines—Gauss's law. A second is the law that there is no true magnetic charge. A third is that the electromotive force (emf) produced in a circuit is proportional to the rate at which magnetic flux lines cross the circuit—Faraday's law, first given mathematical form by F. Neumann in 1845. The laws of electromagnetism—called Maxwell's equations—appear to be complex. However, it should be kept in mind that Maxwell used a very different and even more complex-looking but equivalent formulation of the equations of electromagnetism than the present day. The key element for Maxwell was the realization that a new term was needed to make Ampere's law consistent with conservation of charge.
Trayecto transatlántico / Transatlantic Trajectory

Este ensayo propone el escenario teorico de la critica trasatlantica como situado en el contexto dialogico de las disciplinas literarias, cuyos origenes europeos y desarrollos latinoamericanos dan cuenta de variantes y articulaciones que configuran una tradicion del saber critico de vocacion horizontal. La critica transatlantica, propone el autor, corresponde tambien a la conceptualizacion de la complementariedad de la tradicion cultural tanto de las lenguas originarias como de las literaturas que hacen del lenguaje (Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Guaman Poma de Ayala, Jose Maria Arguedas) un lugar no de oposiciones binarias sino de conjuntos y construcciones inclusivos y secuenciales. Una hipotesis de la literatura como hospitalidad se plantea, en consecuencia, como tarea.
Journeying towards the Profession: Exploring Liminal Learning within Mixed Reality Simulations.

Unlike the situated learning within traditional clinical placements, mixed-reality simulations support a laboratory learning environment where preservice teachers practice their instruction with lo...
Frequency measurements and self-broadening of sub-Doppler transitions in the v1 + v3 band of C2H2.

Frequency comb-referenced measurements of sub-Doppler laser saturation dip absorption lines in the v1 + v3 band of acetylene near 1.5 μm are reported. These measurements include transitions involving higher rotational levels than previously frequency measured in this band. The accuracy of the measured frequencies is typically better than 10 kHz. Measurements of the observed sub-Doppler line widths as a function of pressure showed that the self-pressure-broadening coefficients are about 3.5 times larger than those derived from conventional pressure broadening of unsaturated Doppler-limited spectra. This is attributed to the contribution of velocity-changing collisions to the total dephasing rate in the low pressure sub-Doppler measurements. At higher pressures, when the homogeneous broadening becomes comparable to the typical Doppler shift per elastic collision, the velocity changing collisions cease to contribute significantly to the incremental pressure broadening. A time-dependent soft collision model is developed to illustrate the transition between low and high pressure regimes of sub-Doppler pressure-broadening.
Menkes disease complicated by concurrent Koolen-de Vries syndrome (17q21.31 deletion).

Background Koolen-de Vries (KdV) syndrome is caused by a 17q21.31 deletion leading to clinical symptoms of hypotonia and developmental delay and can present with abnormal hair texture. Menkes disease is an X-linked recessive inherited disease caused by pathogenic variants in ATP7A, which leads to profound copper deficiency. Method We identified an infant male who presented with prematurity, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features for whom a family history of clinical Menkes disease was revealed after discussion with the clinical genetics team. Results Although initial first-tier genetic testing identified Kdv syndrome (17q21.31 syndrome), the family history led the team to consider a second diagnostic possibility, and testing of ATP7A revealed a pathogenic variant (c.601C>T, p.R201X). Conclusion Menkes disease and KdV syndrome may both present with hypotonia and abnormal hair, in addition to seizures and failure to thrive. While these genetic conditions have overlapping clinical features, they have different natural histories and different therapeutic options. Here, we report on a patient affected with both disorders and review the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties this presented.
A Crank on the Court: The Passion of Justice William R. Day

There is an understandable tendency to date the Supreme Court’s involvement with baseball from 1922, when the Court decided Federal Baseball Club of Baltimore v. National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs – the original baseball antitrust exemption case. And there is a corresponding tendency to dwell on William Howard Taft – he was Chief Justice when Federal Baseball was decided – when discussing early baseball fandom on the Court. The first tendency is not only understandable, but also pretty much correct. The Court heard only a few baseball-related cases before 1922, and none was especially weighty from either a legal or a baseball perspective (although each was surely important to the people involved). The second tendency, while also understandable, is not so correct. Taft was a baseball fan, but he was neither the first nor the most fanatical on the Court that decided Federal Baseball, not by a long shot. William R. Day was, and here is why . . .
Functional Genetic Screening Enables Theranostic Molecular Imaging in Cancer.

Purpose: Targeted therapies for cancer have accelerated the need for functional imaging strategies that inform therapeutic efficacy. This study assesses the potential of functional genetic screening to integrate therapeutic target identification with imaging probe selection through a proof-of-principle characterization of a therapy–probe pair using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). Experimental Design: CRISPR-negative selection screens from a public dataset were used to identify the relative dependence of 625 cancer cell lines on 18,333 genes. Follow-up screening was performed in hepatocellular carcinoma with a focused CRISPR library targeting imaging-related genes. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate was injected before and after lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor (LDHi) administration in male Wistar rats with autochthonous hepatocellular carcinoma. MRSI evaluated intratumoral pyruvate metabolism, while T2-weighted segmentations quantified tumor growth. Results: Genetic screening data identified differential metabolic vulnerabilities in 17 unique cancer types that could be imaged with existing probes. Among these, hepatocellular carcinoma required lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for growth more than the 29 other cancer types in this database. LDH inhibition led to a decrease in lactate generation (P Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that DNP-MRSI of LDH activity using hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate is a theranostic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma, enabling quantification of intratumoral LDHi pharmacodynamics and therapeutic efficacy prediction. This work lays the foundation for a novel theranostic platform wherein functional genetic screening informs imaging probe selection to quantify therapeutic efficacy on a cancer-by-cancer basis.
“Teología para la misión de los últimos días: asistencia social y desarrollo humano como sabiduría bíblica en palabras y obras”

The Bible says that wisdom is the knowledge of God (theology) —the will of God —put into practice. However, what are the implications of this statement in view of what God in Christ has done and is doing for us as intercessor and advocate? What should be our response in practical terms as theologians, pastors, and members of the Seventh-day Adventist church? How does following the example of Jesus in doing good as our intercessor should look like? This article proposes that mission theology for the last days has much to do with this biblical wisdom put into practice for the benefit of those we want to witness, heal, and save. As such, this must be a practical theology that is charitable and redemptive, and that is consistently translated into words that heal and save, and into deeds that are compassionate and transformational.
Hypertension as a Road to Treatment of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Hypertension heralds the diagnosis of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in 75–85% of cases and shares many of its adverse outcomes as well as its acute and chronic symptoms. This review provides important new data about the pathophysiology and mechanisms that connect hypertension and HFpEF as well as therapy used in both conditions. The traditional model of HFpEF pathophysiology emphasizes the role of hypertension causing increased afterload on the left ventricle (LV), leading to LV hypertrophy (LVH) and subsequent LV diastolic dysfunction. Recent work has provided valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the transition from hypertension to HFpEF, showing that the pathophysiology extends beyond LVH and diastolic dysfunction. An evolving paradigm suggests that HFpEF is inflammatory in nature with multifactorial pathophysiology, affected by age-related changes and comorbidities. Hypertension shares many of the proinflammatory mechanisms of HFpEF. Furthermore, hypertension precedes HFpEF in the majority of cases. Because of its clinically heterogeneous nature, development of standardized therapies for HFpEF has been challenging. As there are standardized approaches to hypertension, we suggest that similar approaches be used for the treatment of HFpEF, including medical and non-medical therapies. With medical therapies, a treat-to-target blood pressure (BP) strategy could be employed, such as systolic BP < 130 mmHg. With non-medical therapies, approaches to deal with physical inactivity, obesity, and sleep apnea could be used. Due to its heterogeneity, delineation of standardized therapies for HFpEF has been challenging. Focusing on the tremendous overlap of hypertensive heart disease with HFpEF, it is proposed that approaches currently used to guide therapies for hypertension be applied to the treatment of HFpEF.
Human immunodeficiency virus and osteoporosis

Abstract With the availability of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become a chronic disease and noninfectious comorbidities, such as osteoporosis, have become the major source of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). Current evidence indicates that the risk of osteoporosis and fragility fracture is higher in PLWH compared to demographically matched HIV-uninfected persons, which is due to a complicated interaction between HIV disease-related factors (e.g., inflammation/immune activation), ART factors, and traditional risk factors. As a result, Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) screening is recommended in postmenopausal women with HIV and men with HIV age 50 years or older, particularly in those with additional risk factors. Until more data become available, treatment guidelines should follow those established for the general population.
Development and Validation of an Automated Algorithm to Detect Atrial Fibrillation Within Stored Intensive Care Unit Continuous Electrocardiographic Data: Observational Study

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia during critical illness, representing a sepsis-defining cardiac dysfunction associated with adverse outcomes. Large burdens of premature beats and noisy signal during sepsis may pose unique challenges to automated AF detection. Objective: The objective of this study is to develop and validate an automated algorithm to accurately identify AF within electronic health care data among critically ill patients with sepsis. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with sepsis identified from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC III) electronic health data with linked electrocardiographic (ECG) telemetry waveforms. Within 3 separate cohorts of 50 patients, we iteratively developed and validated an automated algorithm that identifies ECG signals, removes noise, and identifies irregular rhythm and premature beats in order to identify AF. We compared the automated algorithm to current methods of AF identification in large databases, including ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition) codes and hourly nurse annotation of heart rhythm. Methods of AF identification were tested against gold-standard manual ECG review. Results: AF detection algorithms that did not differentiate AF from premature atrial and ventricular beats performed modestly, with 76% (95% CI 61%-87%) accuracy. Performance improved (P=.02) with the addition of premature beat detection (validation set accuracy: 94% [95% CI 83%-99%]). Median time between automated and manual detection of AF onset was 30 minutes (25th-75th percentile 0-208 minutes). The accuracy of ICD-9 codes (68%; P=.002 vs automated algorithm) and nurse charting (80%; P=.02 vs algorithm) was lower than that of the automated algorithm. Conclusions: An automated algorithm using telemetry ECG data can feasibly and accurately detect AF among critically ill patients with sepsis, and represents an improvement in AF detection within large databases.
Probing white matter microstructure in youth with chronic pain

Alterations in white matter (WM) have been reported in individuals with chronic pain, although findings are inconsistent, and mostly derived using the limited Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) model. Going beyond DTI, one study reported lower WM complexity in corpus callosum, internal capsule and a hippocampus tract. In youth with chronic pain, no studies have examined WM changes, except in headache. The current study therefore examined potential WM alterations in youth with chronic pain using DTI as well as Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI), allowing more specific interrogation of WM microstructure. Multi-shell diffusion-weighted MR images were analyzed in 45 youth with chronic pain (age M=15.8±2.5, 41 females) and 25 controls (age M=16.0±3.2, 18 females). Preprocessing included estimation and correction of susceptibility-, eddy current-, and motion-induced distortions (FSL). DTI and NODDI models were fit, deriving indices of fractional anisotropy (FA/DTI), neurite density (NDI/NODDI) and orientation dispersion (ODI/NODDI). Data was spatially aligned using tensor-based alignment (DTI-TK), followed by tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS; TFCE-corrected). Group contrasts showed that while there were no group differences in FA and NDI, patients showed increased ODI in several tracts, including the corticospinal tract, corpus callosum and forceps minor (connecting medial and lateral frontal lobe), uncinate fasciculus (connecting frontal and temporal lobe), internal capsule (connecting subcortical structures) and fornix (a hippocampus tract). Our findings reveal specific WM alterations in several tracts that are implicated in (chronic) pain. In particular, the dispersion in fiber orientation was increased, reflective of less coherently organized fibers. This may indicate possible delayed pruning in these tracts. Neurite density indices were not different, reflective of similar amounts of fibers and myelin. Taken together, youth with chronic pain showed specific alterations in fiber dispersion of several WM tracts in cortico-limbic circuitry. Future work will examine associations with individual difference factors. NIH R01HD083270 to LE Simons.
Value Relevance of Accounting Information and Stock Price Reaction: Empirical Evidence from China

Research question: This study investigates whether the release of financial accounting information is related to the change in stock prices. Motivation: The relationship between accounting information and stock price reaction is well documented in the United States and other major developed economies. However, what is the relationship between share prices and accounting information in emerging economies? According to the standards of Wall Street, London, and Tokyo, the emerging capital markets in the post-communist countries are very small, but they can be a major source of capital for economic growth and development. Idea: For investors, investment decisions about stock should be made by analyzing factors that can influence the stock price. Investors need to have information to determine whether they can benefit from the shares they bought. The financial condition of companies is one of the major information that investors should know. Data: We obtained data from the A-share market in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange of 1,272 listed companies. Data from selected companies’ annual report in 2008- 2018 and closing share prices in 2009-2019 were collected. The sample data were from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research database. Tools: This study used a stepwise regression model to select variables that can provide significant effects and analyzed the regression of added variables and stock price. Findings: We find that value relevance of accounting number, profitability, liquidity, and operational efficiency are positively related to stock price reaction. Other accounting variables, such as earnings per share, current ratio, quick ratio, and debt to equity ratio, have a more significant influence on the market share price. A linear relationship is observed between stock prices and earning per share, current ratio, and quick ratio according to the stepwise regression method. Contribution: This study provides new insights for academic research and provides additional meaningful and useful information regarding the relevance of companies’ accounting information for foreign and domestic investors, specifically domestic investors. This research has scientific and practical usefulness for investors who care about their returns on investments.
High-Pressure NMR Experiments for Detecting Protein Low-Lying Conformational States

High-pressure is a well-known perturbation method that can be used to destabilize globular proteins and dissociate protein complexes in a reversible manner. Hydrostatic pressure drives thermodynamical equilibria toward the state(s) with the lower molar volume. Increasing pressure offers, therefore, the opportunities to finely tune the stability of globular proteins and the oligomerization equilibria of protein complexes. High-pressure NMR experiments allow a detailed characterization of the factors governing the stability of globular proteins, their folding mechanisms, and oligomerization mechanisms by combining the fine stability tuning ability of pressure perturbation and the site resolution offered by solution NMR spectroscopy. Here we present a protocol to probe the local folding stability of a protein via a set of 2D 1H-15N experiments recorded from 1 bar to 2.5 kbar. The steps required for the acquisition and analysis of such experiments are illustrated with data acquired on the RRM2 domain of hnRNPA1.
THE HUNGARIAN BEER HALL PUTSCH ― THE SZEMERE–BOBULA–ULAIN COUP PLAN, 1923

The years following World War One belonged to a crisis period when political extremities strengthened throughout Europe. In Hungary, it was also the peak of the radical right wing, and some radical political circles even planned coups d’etat against the conservative government that was working on the political consolidation of Hungary. A group of radical right-wing politicians led by Member of the Parliament Ferenc Ulain who had been in confidential contact with German radical right-wing movements and politicians (Adolf Hitler and General Erich Ludendorff among them) decided to execute a takeover attempt in 1923, with the help of Bavarian paramilitary movements, harmonizing their plans with the Munich Beer Hall Putsch being in preparation. The present research article makes an attempt to reconstruct this strange chapter of Hungarian political history. Keywords: radical right-wing organisations, coup d'etat, political violence, irredentism, anti-Semitism.
Self-expanding covered stent placement to treat a pseudoaneurysm caused by iatrogenic vertebral artery injury

Vertebral artery injuries account for approximately 19% of cerebral vascular injuries and are typically managed conservatively. However, some patients require operative intervention to gain control of an active hemorrhage, either via surgical ligation or endovascular intervention. We present a case of iatrogenic vertebral artery injury occurring during cervical spine surgery which was treated emergently with a self-expanding covered stent. A 58-year-old male presented for cervical traction, C5 and C6 corpectomy, and possible C4 to T2 posterior fusion following a motor vehicle accident. Intraoperatively, following drilling the C5 endplate, copious bleeding was observed from injury to the right vertebral artery resulting in pseudoaneurysm formation. The patient was loaded with ticagrelor and a self-expanding covered stent was placed via a transfemoral approach, resulting in obliteration of the pseudoaneurysm prior to completion of his cervical spine surgery. Emergent self-expanding covered stent placement for iatrogenic vertebral artery injury in the setting of an intraoperative injury is a safe and effective option. Ticagrelor is a viable alternative to traditional dual antiplatelet therapy for preventing thromboembolic complications in this urgent setting.
Chapter 100 – Maternal Genital Tract Infection and the Neonate

This chapter provides a brief overview of maternal immunization, the local female immune response to several common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and the possible impact on maternal and child health of controlling these infections. Experimental evidence indicates that the mucosal surfaces of the female genital tract are able to mount a locally induced specific-antibody and specific cell-mediated immune response. The local antibody response is independent of the serum antibody response and is mostly associated with secretory (S)-IgA immunoglobulin and locally reactive lymphocyte populations. The sparse amount of IgA-immunocompetent cells in the female genital tract may be largely derived from immunoreactive cells from the gastrointestinal tract—particularly Peyer's patches (PP). Data regarding the immune response of the breast suggests that a similar population of antigen-primed IgA producing cells from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract migrates to the female breast and secretes specific IgA into the milk. Thus, antigen exposure in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) produces a sharing of immune experience at all mucosal surfaces—with particular enhancement at the surface of secondary exposure, in the case of genital tract.
The "dromedary hump" appearance.

The one-hump dromedary camel (Fig. 1) (distinguished from its two-hump Bactrian cousin) provides a descriptive metaphor for a focal contour bulge of the lateral, interpolar aspect of the left kidney. The ‘‘dromedary hump’’—caused by molding of the normal renal parenchyma by the adjacent spleen [1, 2]—was originally described at excretory urography (Fig. 2), but also can be seen with ultrasound, (Fig. 3), CT, and MR. A common anatomic variant, the dromedary hump should be recognized as a pseudomass, obviating the need for additional unnecessary testing [3]. The ‘‘hump’’ should demonstrate the same imaging characteristics as contiguous normal renal parenchyma, regardless of the imaging modality employed.
Anaesthesia in the morbidly obese. A comparison of anaesthetic and analgesic regimens for upper abdominal surgery.

Summary Seventy morbidly obese patients presented for upper abdominal surgery; 17% had pre-existing cardiovascular disease and 23% pre-existing respiratory disease. Twenty-eight patients received general anaesthesia, plus narcotic analgesia postoperatively, and 42 general anaesthesia plus thoracic epidural analgesia intra- and postoperatively. Aspects of anaesthetic management are discussed and compared with previous similar reports. Doses of local anaesthetic for induction of epidural analgesia were less than those for the non-obese but doses of local anaesthetic for maintenance of epidural analgesia were similar to those in non-obese patients. Patients who had thoracic epidural analgesia required less volatile anaesthesia than the group who had general anaesthesia and narcotic analgesics. Postoperative respiratory complications were more common in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular and respiratory disease, and occurred less frequently in patients who had thoracic epidural analgesia.
A responsibility ethics for audit expert systems

To effectively pursue ethical action, the business community must recognize that the fundamental form of human association is not the "social contract" into which persons enter as atomic individuals, making partial commitments to each other for the purpose of gaining limited common ends or of satisfying certain laws. The fundamental form of human association is rather the face to face community in which ongoing commitments are the rule and in which aspects of every individual's experience are conditioned by the continuing membership. The following discussion initiates a preliminary phase in the consideration of what constitutes ethical issues associated with the business applications of expert systems. The focus is on knowledge based expert system applications in public accounting, specifically in the audit domain. Prior research on the development and use of expert systems in auditing has focused on a limited set of ethical issues. Niebuhr's theory of the "the responsible self" is used here to broaden the scope of what constitutes an ethical issue and provides a framework for identifying responsible action. Within this framework, an action is responsible if it takes into consideration ongoing relationships among the stakeholder groups affected. Actions prior to the development of the system along with the potential consequences for the system must be considered. The discursive requirements that provide the context and conditions necessary for implementing the proposed theoretical framework are presented and an illustration of how the responsibility ethic can be implemented in the audit expert system domain is developed.
Can They Be Fixed: Some Thoughts After 40 Years in the Business

If there is one thing the great Greek teachers taught us, it was to question what is, and to dream about what can be. In this audience, unafraid that no one will ask me to drink the hemlock, but humbled by the realization that I am walking along the beach where great thinkers of the past have walked, I nonetheless am willing to ask some questions that continue to bother those of us who are engaged in education: professors, students, and those who expect the products of our educational system to be useful hires in their companies. As I sit in my office contemplating which questions to ask between the start of my talk and when the dinner is ready, I have come up with my preliminary list. By the time July 21 arrives and we are actually on Samos, I may have other questions that seem more important. Or, you the reader may feel compelled to pre-empt me with your own challenges to conventional wisdom, which of course would be okay, also. In the meantime, my preliminary list: Are students being prepared for careers as graduates? (Can it be fixed?) Are professors who have been promoted to tenure prepared for careers as professors? (Can it be fixed?) What is wrong with education today? (Can it be fixed?) What is wrong with research today? (Can it be fixed?) What is wrong with our flagship conferences? and Journals? (Can they be fixed?)