cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The minima of indefinite binary quadratic forms

Abstract Let f(x,y) be an indefinite binary quadratic form, D(f) its discriminant, m(f) the infimum of |f(x,y)| over all integers x, y not both zero, and put μ(f) = m(f)D(f) −1 2 . In this paper we shall prove the existence of countably many disjoint open intervals Ii contained in 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 3 such that there is no f with μ(f) in Ii (j = 1,2,…), and such that for any interval I containing two intervals Ij, Ik, there is an f with μ(f) in I.
Low-energy 3He+ ion scattering spectroscopy studies of D2 adsorption on W(211)☆

Abstract Direct physical evidence for occupation of a trough site by the β 2 state of deuterium adsorbed on W(211) has been obtained by angle-resolved 3 He + /D(ads) ion-scattering spectroscopy (ISS) in combination with LEED/Auger. The W(211) surface is composed of close-packed 〈111〉 rows of W atoms separated by a wide channel. Previous thermal desorption studies have shown two clearly resolved hydrogen states: β 1 desorbing with a temperature maximum of ca. 60°C, and β 2 at ca. 400°C. Analyses of flash desorption, work-function, adsorption kinetics, stoichiometry and mixed adsorption further indicated that the more tightly bound β 2 form occupies a deep-trough position. In the present study, ISS polar-angle profiles were taken at an incident energy of 306 eV. With only the β 2 state populated, a 3 He + beam parallel to the close-packed 〈111〉 rows was found to scatter from D(ads) with a cutoff angle close to grazing incidence while for the perpendicular direction D(ads) scattering is observed only for angles greater than 18° away from grazing incidence. These measurements are consistent with the corrugated W(211) geometry and with the proposed β 2 -D trough-site model.
Technological Change and the Division of Labor The Case of Retail Meatcutters

This article examines the effects of technological changes on the division of labor and skill requirements for a craft occupation (meatcutter) in a service industry (retail food). The article defin...
Revascularization of traumatized teeth assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry: case report

Infection of the pulp space in addition to the attachment damage of a traumatic injury to a tooth, results in serious complications and often tooth loss. Therefore, the prevention or treatment of root canal infection is a major consideration in these cases. In immature teeth, revascularization of a necrotic pulp is possible and highly desirable. Unfortunately, current sensitivity tests are poor indicators of revascularization, with the result that many pulps are removed unnecessarily. Laser Doppler flowmetry is an objective test of the presence of moving red blood cells within a tissue, which has been reported to be effective in the detection of tooth pulp vitality as well. A case is presented where an eight year old child severely luxated both maxillary central incisors. While only one of the incisors was weakly responsive to CO2 ice at 76 days after replantation, the laser Doppler flowmeter indicated that revascularization was occurring in both teeth at a much earlier time. Because of the laser Doppler readings, endodontic treatment was not initiated and the teeth developed normally.
The micronucleus test and NTP rodent carcinogens: not so many false negatives

In the study by Shelby et al. (1993) on 49 chemicals, the results of the micronucleus (MN) test in mouse bone marrow were compared with the results of the 2 year rodent carcinogenicity assays. Seven of the 25 rodent carcinogens were considered positive in the MN test, 5 following a protocol in which chemicals were given in three daily doses, and a further 2 when the chemical was administered only once. This low rate of positive results has led to disappointment in the MN test as a screen for carcinogens, but a careful examination of the data and of its analysis by Shelby et al. (1993) shows that many of the negative results are appropriate because: of the 18 carcinogens that were negative in the MN test, 1 has been retested and found to be non-carcinogenic, 9 were non-genotoxic and at least 2 were site-of-contact carcinogens not expected to be detected in the bone marrow. Two others were clearly positive in the MN test in other labs. Thus, the MN test 'missed' not 18 carcinogens, but 4 genotoxic carcinogens. The significance of these 4 needs further assessment, since three were liver specific carcinogens and the fourth was a very weak inducer of hemangiosarcomas in female mice only. Overall, the results of Shelby et al. (1993) do not cast such a shadow on the micronucleus test as many feared, and must be examined in the context of all the information available on each chemical. As Ashby and Tinwell emphasize in the accompanying article and in Tinwell and Ashby (1994), the data show that the MN test is capable of identifying human carcinogens and rodent germ cell mutagens, and remains a useful part of genotoxicity evaluation of chemicals.
Excitations and quasi-one-dimensionality in field-induced nematic and spin density wave states

We study the excitation spectrum and dynamical response functions for several quasi-one-dimensional spin systems in magnetic fields without dipolar spin order transverse to the field. This includes both nematic phases, which harbor ``hidden'' breaking of spin-rotation symmetry about the field and have been argued to occur in high fields in certain frustrated chain systems with competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions, and spin density wave states, in which spin-rotation symmetry is truly unbroken. Using bosonization, field theory, and exact results on the integrable sine-Gordon model, we establish the collective mode structure of these states, and show how they can be distinguished experimentally.
Registration of the OS9XQ36 Mapping Population of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)

The OS9XQ36 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mapping population (Reg. No. MP-2, NSL 465170) is a set of 164 F6–derived recombinant inbred lines (USDA–ARS Germplasm Resources Information Network [GRIN] accession no. GSTR 11903 through GSTR 12066) from the cross between OS9A (PI 658243), a single plant selection from the cultivar Stephens (CI 17596), and QCB36 (PI 658244), a single plant selection from the elite breeding line OR9900553. This population was developed to investigate the consistently lower grain hardness and superior end-use quality of OR9900553 compared with Stephens. This population has also been genotyped with diversity array technology (DArT) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers resulting in the construction of a 270-marker linkage map covering 1785 cM at a density of one marker per 7 cM. This F6–derived population is one of 20 mapping populations being used by the WheatCAP consortium (http://maswheat.ucdavis.edu/) for extensive quantitative trait locus analysis and forms part of a publicly available long-term genetic resource to map complex traits in wheat.
On the ductile enlargement of voids in triaxial stress fields

Abstract The fracture of ductile solids has frequently been observed to result from the large growth and coalescence of microscopic voids, a process enhanced by the superposition of hydrostatic tensile stresses on a plastic deformation field. The ductile growth of voids is treated here as a problem in continuum plasticity. First, a variational principle is established to characterize the flow field in an elastically rigid and incompressible plastic material containing an internal void or voids, and subjected to a remotely uniform stress and strain rate field. Then an approximate Rayleigh-Ritz procedure is developed and applied to the enlargement of an isolated spherical void in a nonhardening material. Growth is studied in some detail for the case of a remote tensile extension field with superposed hydrostatic stresses. The volume changing contribution to void growth is found to overwhelm the shape changing part when the mean remote normal stress is large, so that growth is essentially spherical. Further, it is found that for any remote strain rate field, the void enlargement rate is amplified over the remote strain rate by a factor rising exponentially with the ratio of mean normal stress to yield stress. Some related results are discussed, including the long cylindrical void considered by F.A. McClintock (1968, J. appl. Mech . 35 , 363), and an approximate relation is given to describe growth of a spherical void in a general remote field. The results suggest a rapidly decreasing fracture ductility with increasing hydrostatic tension.
The optimum wetting angle for the stabilization of liquid-metal foams by ceramic particles: Experimental simulations

The stabilization of liquid-metal foams by ceramic particles is studied by experimental simulations. The objective is to determine the optimum wetting property for liquid-foam stability. Ceramic particles are mimicked by inert plastic particles. The liquid metal is mimicked by a continuous, surfactant-free ethanol-water solution. The wetting property of the plastic particles in the liquid solution is changed continuously by varying the liquid composition. The experimental simulation shows that the liquid-foam stabilization by the solid particles depends strongly on the wetting property. An optimum wetting-angle range of 75 to 85 deg is determined from the experiments. The foam stability is shown to be unrelated to liquid viscosity, which remains unchanged with the wetting angle. Foams formed in the optimum wetting condition exhibit a slow decay, a stable foam volume that persists for a long time, and a fine cell structure in the micrometer range. The selection of ceramic particles for optimal stabilization of liquid-metal foams and the foam-processing procedures are discussed in the light of these experimental simulation results.
Comparing Ambulatory Preceptors’ and Students’ Perceptions of Educational Planning

To compare ambulatory preceptors’ and students’ perceptions of the use of educational planning (setting goals, assessing needs, formulating objectives, choosing methods, and providing feedback and evaluation) in the office setting, we mailed a survey, which was returned by 127 longitudinal ambulatory preceptors and 168 first-year and second-year medical students. Faculty perceptions did not match student perceptions of what occurred in the longitudinal preceptor program teaching sessions in educational planning areas. Students perceived these activities were occurring with much less frequency than faculty perceived. Medical education needs to move beyond the usual faculty development workshop paradigm to a more comprehensive educational development model that includes training both faculty and students in core educational skills. This will enable the ambulatory setting to reach its full educational potential in training future physicians.
Research studies in patterns of scientific communication: I. General description of research program

Abstract This article is the first in a series which describes the general procedures and some findings of over seventy studies which we conducted from 1966 to 1971 on the information-exchange activities of over 12,000 scientists and engineers in a sample of nine physical, social and engineering sciences. We designed the studies so that (a) the full spectrum of scientific communication media could be explored, (b) the various studies were coupled in order that data obtained from one study could be directly related to those obtained from other studies, (c) the scheduling of the studies was conducted in real time in order that the same body of information could be followed from its inception to its final integration into the general body of scientific knowledge, and (d) the same studies were conducted for all nine disciplines being studied in order that genuine comparisons could be made among them. The data are now stored on machine-readable magnetic tapes and will be made available to scholars in the field of information science.
Schooling gender: Ethical dilemmas in employing critical youth studies

AbstractLike adults, young people want their voices to be heard. While most adults have spaces wherein they can express themselves (be that through affiliation with different group membership, voting in elections, or freely choosing their peer cohorts), most youth do not have such spaces. Youth are often limited by outside restraints – legal, social, familial – that constrict their ability to freely express themselves, or to have spaces to engage in conversations about issues such as gender and sexuality. Because youth often lack a voice in research, conducting research with, rather than on youth is an integral aspect of critical youth studies. Being able to design and carry out research that is youth-centered is not only necessary, but also critical in creating research projects that promote voice and agency for these young people. This article examines many of the hurdles faced when seeking to conduct youth-centered research. I unpack my experiences within the research project and advocate that youth se...
Long-Term Running Experience with the Silicon Micro-strip Tracker at the DØ Detector

Abstract The Silicon Micro-strip Tracker (SMT) at the DO experiment in the Fermilab Tevatron collider has been operating since 2001. In 2006, an additional layer, referred to as ‘Layer 0’, was installed to improve impact parameter resolution and compensate for detector degradation due to radiation damage to the original innermost SMT layer. The SMT detector provides valuable tracking and vertexing information for the experiment. This contribution will highlight aspects of the long term operation of the SMT, including the impact of the silicon readout test-stand. Due to the full integration of the test-stand into the DO trigger framework, this test-stand provides an advantageous tool for training of new experts and studying subtle effects in the SMT while minimizing impact on the global data acquisition.
Predictors of Neighborhood Risk for Late-Stage Melanoma: Addressing Disparities through Spatial Analysis and Area-Based Measures

Minority populations have disproportionately more advanced stage melanoma and worse survival. To clarify the impact of race and ethnicity on late-stage melanoma diagnosis, we performed spatial analysis of geocoded melanoma cases diagnosed in Florida, 1999–2008, to identify geographic clusters of higher-than-expected incidence of late-stage melanoma and developed predictive models for melanoma cases in high-risk neighborhoods accounting for area-based poverty, race/ethnicity, patient insurance status, age, and gender. In the adjusted model, Hispanic ethnicity and census tract-level poverty are the strongest predictors for clustering of late-stage melanoma. Hispanic whites were 43% more likely to live in neighborhoods with excessive late-stage melanoma ( P P
Hippocampal structural asymmetry in unsuccessful psychopaths

Abstract Background Structural and functional hippocampal abnormalities have been previously reported in institutionalized psychopathic and aggressive populations. This study assessed whether prior findings of a right greater than left (R > L) functional asymmetry in caught violent offenders generalize to the structural domain in unsuccessful, caught psychopaths. Methods Left and right hippocampal volumes were assessed using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 23 control subjects, 16 unsuccessful psychopaths, and 12 successful (uncaught) community psychopaths and transformed into standardized space. Results Unsuccessful psychopaths showed an exaggerated structural hippocampal asymmetry (R > L) relative both to successful psychopaths and control subjects ( p Conclusions Atypical anterior hippocampal asymmetries in unsuccessful psychopaths may reflect an underlying neurodevelopmental abnormality that disrupts hippocampal-prefrontal circuitry, resulting in affect dysregulation, poor contextual fear conditioning, and insensitivity to cues predicting capture.
Oxytocin differentially affects sucrose taking and seeking in male and female rats.

Oxytocin has a modulatory role in natural and drug reward processes. While the role of oxytocin in pair bonding and reproduction has been extensively studied, sex differences in conditioned and unconditioned behavioral responses to oxytocin treatment have not been fully characterized. Here, we determined whether male and female rats would show similar dose response curves in response to acute oxytocin on measures of locomotor activity, sucrose seeking, and sucrose intake. Male and freely cycling female rats received vehicle or oxytocin (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg, IP) injections before behavioral tests designed to assess general motor activity, as well as sucrose self-administration and seeking. Lower doses of oxytocin decreased motor activity in a novel environment in females relative to males. Likewise, lower doses of oxytocin in females decreased responding for sucrose during maintenance of sucrose self-administration and reinstatement to sucrose-conditioned cues. However, sucrose seeking in response to a sucrose prime was only decreased by the highest oxytocin dose in both sexes. In general, oxytocin had similar effects in both sexes. However, females were more sensitive to lower doses of oxytocin than males. These findings are consistent with the notion that oxytocin regulates many of the same behaviors in males and females, but that the effects are typically more profound in females. Therapeutic use of oxytocin should include sex as a factor in determining dose regimens.
Stress stimulation of drug metabolism in the rat.

Abstract Stressed rats have been shown to exhibit significantly decreased levels of hexobarbital, pentbarbital and meprobamate, but phenobarbital, in blood after administration of these drugs. The ability of stress to decrease drug levels in blood was shown to be dependent upon an intact pituitary-adrenal axis, since hypophysectomy and adrenalectomy blocked such responses. The response could be simulated in adrenalectomized animals by corticosterone, but not by ACTH, and in hypophysectomized animals by both corticosterone and ACTH. Actinomycin-D pretreatment blocked the ability of stress to decrease pentobarbital blood levels. Liver perfusion experiments show that pentobarbital metabolism is stimulated in stressed rats and that this stimulation can likewise be blocked by actinomycin-D.
Early Field Experiences: POTPOURRI Recurring Dilemmas Jane H. Applegate

This article reviews dilemmas faced by teacher educators in the conduct of early field experiences. Three types of dilem mas are identified by Applegate: pro grammatic, institutional and personal. Critical questions are identified related to each type of dilemma.
Concurrent reading and writing with replicated data objects

Sharing the components of a data object among asynchronous processes is discussed in the context of the classic “Readers and Writers” problem. Distinct process groups identified as “Readers” and “Writers” contend for access to the data object with the provision that “Readers” may operate in a mutually concurrent way while “Writers” require exclusive access to the object. Two solutions are presented based on the use of replicated versions of the data object. The first algorithm solves a potential starvation problem persistent in previously reported solutions, while the second eliminates synchronization requirements between “Readers” and “Writers” by incorporating an optimized retry mechanism.
A New Spectral Characteristic in Solar Radio Emission

THE intense radio emissions from active areas on the Sun have been studied since 1942 on ‘single’ fixed frequencies; but the first ‘spectral’ or sweep frequency observations were not initiated until 1949, when Wild and McCready1 at Sydney commenced observations with equipment sweeping the band 70–130 Mc./s. These observations, which were later2 extended to 40–240 Mc./s., marked a notable advance in solar radio techniques, and greatly simplified the classification of solar radio phenomena.
Timing of recipient atrial contraction: A major determinant of transmitral diastolic flow in orthotopic cardiac transplantation

Abstract The effect of recipient left atrial contraction on diastolic transmitral flow was studied in eight asymptomatic heart transplant patients (seven men and one woman, mean age 51.8 ± 9.7 years) with normal left ventricular systolic function. The transmitral flow velocity profile was evaluated in 326 beats (mean 40.8 ± 12 beats, range 20 to 58 beats/patient). Recipient left atrial contraction was classified as early diastolic, late diastolic, and systolic. Results showed: (1) early diastolic transmitral flow velocity integral (in centimeters) was lower ( p p
539: The effect of natural disasters on maternal morbidity

Alissa Carver, Marlo Cochran, Gayle Olson, Mary Munn, Gary Hankins University of Texas Medical Branch, Ob/Gyn Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Galveston, TX, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Obsterics & Gynecology, Galveston, TX OBJECTIVE: Exposure to natural disasters may affect pregnancy outcomes. The objective of this study was to compare maternal morbidity in pregnancies prior to and following Hurricane Ike in September of 2008. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study examining triage visits to our institution over an 18-month period after Hurricane Ike (1/2009-6/2010) in comparison to pre-hurricane controls (3/2007-9/ 2008). 10/2008-12/2008 was excluded due to interruption of hospital services from storm damage. Antepartum complications were evaluated as follows: chronic hypertension (CHTN), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), diabetes (DM), vaginal bleeding (VB), pyelonephritis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, hyperemesis gravidarum/nausea and vomiting (HEG/NV), oligohydramnios, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), threatened preterm labor (PTL), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), decreased fetal movement (Dec FM), and abnormal fetal testing. Comparison of demographic information, individual and composite maternal morbidity were calculated using chi-squared and t-test analyses. RESULTS: Out of 21,202 triage visits, 11,280 (53%) occurred prior to the storm and 9,922 (47%) after. Only 8 % of patients resided on Galveston Island while the remainder resided on the Texas mainland where any impact from this natural disaster would be expected to be minimal. Composite maternal morbidity increased significantly following Hurricane Ike (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.44-1.63, p 0.0001). When examined separately, this shift remained true for the following variables: CHTN, DM, pyelonephritis, oligohydramnios, PPROM, Dec FM, and abnormal fetal testing. Episodes of pancreatitis fell significantly (Table 1). Despite a small proportion of patients originating from Galveston proper, this effect was seen in our entire patient population. CONCLUSION: Evidence suggests an overall increase in maternal complications based upon demand for care in a triage setting following Hurricane Ike. Clinicians should be prepared for increased morbidity and associated obstetric care requirements in pregnant women exposed to natural disasters.
Successful Hemostasis During a Major Orthopedic Operation by Using Recombinant Activated Factor VII in a Patient With Severe Hemophilia A and a Potent Inhibitor

The treatment of bleeding episodes and the provision of perioperative hemostasis in patients with hemophilia in whom coagulation factor inhibitors have developed are a major therapeutic challenge because ordinary replacement therapy is usually ineffective. Herein we report the use of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in providing successful hemostasis in a patient with hemophilia A and a high-titer inhibitor to factor VIII during a major orthopedic operation. rFVIIa (102 μg/kg) was administered intravenously every 2 to 3 hours for a total of 9 days. No excessive bleeding occurred intraoperatively or postoperatively, and no adverse effects attributable to rFVIIa were observed. This surgical procedure probably represented a greater hemostatic challenge than any previously reported operation in which rFVIIa was used. Thus, this article adds considerably to the growing body of literature that suggests the safety and efficacy of rFVIIa in providing perioperative hemostasis and treating severe bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia and inhibitors refractory to other treatment modalities.
Inelastic magnetic neutron scattering in CePd3

We have performed time-of-flight neutron scattering measurements on a single crystal of the intermediate valence compound CePd3. At 10 K, a Kondo-esque inelastic magnetic scattering peak occurs near with maximum intensity for momentum transfer Q near the zone boundary. Spectral weight is transferred to lower energy as Q varies until at zone center the intensity at 60 meV is considerably weaker. These results are in qualitative accord with predictions of the Anderson lattice. The Q-dependence may resolve an older controversy concerning the low-temperature scattering. We discuss the relationship of these results to our recent results in YbAl3.
The effect of lightness contrast on the colored Müller-Lyer illusion

Two subjects estimated the length of the central line in red-and blue Muller-Lyer figures that were viewed both foveally and parafoveally. The illusion figures were defined by either lightness and hue differences between figure and ground or by a hue difference alone. For both subjects, the figures defined solely by hue produced larger illusions. Since depth-cue scaling and other cognitive factors did not cause the enlargement, it was concluded that the robust, hue-produced illusions resulted from contour interactions generated within parvocellular channels that are specialized for coding color.
Purification and properties of rat liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase.

Abstract 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase has been purified from rat liver microsomes with a recovery of approx. 25%. The enzyme was homogeneous on gel electrophoresis and enzyme activity comigrated with the single protein band. The molecular weight of the reductase determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 was 200 000. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gave a subunit molecular weight of 52 000 ± 2000, suggesting that the enzyme was a tetramer. The specific activities of the purified enzyme obtained from rats fed diets containing 0% or 5% cholestyramine were 11 303 and 19 584 nmol NADPH oxidized/min per mg protein, respectively. The reductase showed unique binding properties to Cibacron Blue Sepharose; the enzyme was bound to the Cibacron Blue via the binding sites for both substrates, NADPH and ( S )-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A. Antibodies prepared against purified reductase inactivated 100% of the soluble and at least 91% of the microsomal enzyme activity. Immunotitrations of solubilized enzyme obtained from normal and cholestyramine-fed rats indicated that cholestyramine feeding both increased the amount of enzyme protein and resulted m enzyme activation. Administration of increasing amounts of mevalonolactone to rats decreased the equivalence point obtained from immunotitration studies with solubilized enzyme. These data indicate that the antibody cross-reacts with the inactive enzyme formed after mevalonolactone treatment.
Radiometric characterization of hyperspectral imagers using multispectral sensors

The Remote Sensing Group (RSG) at the University of Arizona has a long history of using ground-based test sites for the calibration of airborne and satellite based sensors. Often, ground-truth measurements at these test sites are not always successful due to weather and funding availability. Therefore, RSG has also automated ground instrument approaches and cross-calibration methods to verify the radiometric calibration of a sensor. The goal in the cross-calibration method is to transfer the calibration of a well-known sensor to that of a different sensor, This work studies the feasibility of determining the radiometric calibration of a hyperspectral imager using multispectral a imagery. The work relies on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (M0DIS) as a reference for the hyperspectral sensor Hyperion. Test sites used for comparisons are Railroad Valley in Nevada and a portion of the Libyan Desert in North Africa. Hyperion bands are compared to MODIS by band averaging Hyperion's high spectral resolution data with the relative spectral response of M0DlS. The results compare cross-calibration scenarios that differ in image acquisition coincidence, test site used for the calibration, and reference sensor. Cross-calibration results are presented that show agreement between the use of coincident and non-coincident image pairs within 2% in most brands as well as similar agreement between results that employ the different MODIS sensors as a reference.
Toll-like receptor ligands and atopy : A coin with at least two sides

Allergic disease prevalence rates have increased dramatically in affluent countries over the last half century. One proposed explanation is that decreased exposures to microbes caused by modern public health practices has led to deficiencies in an important source of immune education and a consequent increase in the risk of pathogenic immune responses to environmental antigens. Recently, it has become clear that innate responses to microbes are mediated in large part by Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize a diverse family of ligands produced by viruses, bacteria, and fungi. In this perspectives article we will review experimental evidence suggesting that TLRs also play a dominant role in innate responses to noninfectious immunostimulatory materials present in environments of daily living. We will further discuss how ligands for different TLRs can polarize the T H bias of adaptive responses in opposing directions. Finally, we will consider how TLRs might contribute to the genesis of atopy and the clinical potential of pharmacologic interventions that target TLRs for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
Vehicle Evaluation of the Performance of Magneto Rheological Dampers for Heavy Truck Suspensions

This study is intended to complement many existing analytical studies in the area of semiactive suspensions by providing afield evaluation of semiactive magneto rheological (MR) primary suspensions for heavy trucks. A set of four controllable MR dampers are fabricated and used experimentally to test the effectiveness of a semiactive skyhook suspension on a heavy truck. In order to evaluate the performance of the semiactive suspensions, the performance of the truck equipped with the MR dampers is primarily compared with the performance of the truck equipped with the stock passive dampers. The performance of the semiactive system and the original passive system are compared for two different driving conditions. First, the truck is driven over a speed bump at approximately 8-11 kmh (5-7 mph) in order to establish a comparison between the performance of the MR and stock dampers to transient inputs at the wheels. Second, the truck is driven along a stretch of relatively straight and level highway at a constant speed of 100 kmh (62 mph) in order to compare the performance of the two types of dampers in steady state driving conditions. Acceleration data for both driving conditions are analyzed in bath time and frequency domains. The data for the speed bumps indicate that the magneto rheological dampers used (with the skyhook control policy) in this study have a small effect on the vehicle body and wheel dynamics, as compared to the passive stock dampers. The highway driving data shows that magneto rheological dampers and the skyhook control policy are effective in reducing the root mean square (RMS) of the measured acceleration at most measurement points, as compared to the stock dampers.
Relaxation spectra of pyruvate kinase

Relaxation studies using the temperature jump have been carried out on pyruvate kinase (ATP: pyruvate phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40) isolated from rabbit muscle. Several concentration-independent relaxation effects with associated relaxation times of approx. 1·10−4 sec were observed in the presence of some of the activator divalent metal cations and substrates used. These effects are attributed to isomerizations or conformational changes of the enzyme. The appearance and disappearance of these effects, as observed in both the visible (with a pH indicator) and ultraviolet region, as a function of the temperature range studied 915–36°) indicate that distinct conformational states of the enzyme exist and that the proportion of each state varies with temperature and the liganded state of the protein. Although a large range of enzyme and substrate concentrations were examined relatively few relaxation processes could be detected. This indicates that either a suitable detection system could not be found and/or many of the reactions associated with the enzymatic reaction are too rapid to observe.
Effects of kappa opioid receptors on conditioned place aversion and social interaction in males and females

The effects of kappa opioid receptors (KOR) on motivated behavior are well established based on studies in male rodents, but relatively little is known about the effects of KOR in females. We examined the effects of KOR activation on conditioned place aversion and social interaction in the California mouse (Peromyscus californicus). Important differences were observed in long-term (place aversion) and short-term (social interaction) effects. Females but not males treated with a 2.5 mg/kg dose of U50,488 formed a place aversion, whereas males but not females formed a place aversion at the 10 mg/kg dose. In contrast the short term effects of different doses of U50,488 on social interaction behavior were similar in males and females. Acute injection with 10 mg/kg of U50,488 (but not lower doses) reduced social interaction behavior in both males and females. The effects of U50,488 on phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (pERK) and p38 MAP kinase were cell type and region specific. Higher doses of U50,488 increased the number of pERK neurons in the ventrolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminals in males but not females, a nucleus implicated in male aggressive behavior. In contrast, both males and females treated with U50,488 had more activated p38 cells in the nucleus accumbens shell. Unexpectedly, cells expressing activated p38 co-expressed Iba-1, a widely used microglia marker. In summary we found strong sex differences in the effects of U50,488 on place aversion whereas the acute effects on U50,488 induced similar behavioral effects in males and females.
Light traffic heuristic for an M/G/ 1 queue with limited inventory

Motivated by solving a stylized location problem, we develop a light traffic heuristic for anM/G/1 queue with limited inventory that gives rise to a closed form expression for average delay in terms of basic system parameters. Simulation experiments show that the heuristic works well. The inventory operates as follows: the inventory level drops by one unit after each service completion and whenever it drops to a pre-specified levelu, an order is placed with replenishment time ∼ exp(γ). Upon replenishment the inventory is restocked to a pre-specified levels and any arrivals when there is no inventory are placed in queue. Suggestions are given to cover the more general case of a New Better than Used (NBU) replenishment time distribution. Applications to inventory management problems are also discussed.
Treating cigarette smoking in methadone maintenance clients.

Abstract Substance abusers in treatment have cigarette-smoking rates about three times that found in the general adult population, yet there is a paucity of published studies exarnining smoking-cessation programs for these clients. Accordingly, a behaviorally based smoking-cessation program for methadone maintenance clients was developed. and the efficacy of a methadone dose increase as a pharmacological adjunct was tested in a doubleblind placebo-controlled study. While no significant difference between experimental and control subjects in reported abstinence rates was found, subjects receiving a methadone increase reported significantly more nicotine craving and other withdrawal symptoms during the first week of abstinence than did controls. Measures of smoking rates indicated that experimental subjects smoked significantly more than controls throughout the 10-week study period. Although the initial smoking abstinence rate of 65% was encouraging, most subjects returned to smoking by the end of the study...
Calculation of thermodynamic properties of species from binding of a ligand by a macromolecule

In the absence of experimental methods for determining concentrations of species in protein-ligand binding, it is not possible to determine the thermodynamic properties of species directly. However, this article on a simple reaction system shows that measurements of the average number of oxygen molecules bound at various T, pH and concentrations of molecular oxygen can be used to calculate thermodynamic properties of species. The simple system considered has some of the characteristics of the binding of oxygen by hemoglobin, but it has been simplified so that the method for obtaining thermodynamic information can be clarified. A table of standard thermodynamic properties of species is the most efficient way to store thermodynamic information on a reaction system. All the standard further transformed thermodynamic properties at specified T, pH and concentrations of molecular oxygen, all the standard transformed thermodynamic properties at specified T and pH, and all the standard thermodynamic properties of species at a specified temperature can be calculated. These calculations are based on the fact that the mathematical function for the standard further transformed Gibbs energy of the system contains all the thermodynamic information on the system. These properties are all interrelated by Maxwell equations.
Topographic organization of cardiovascular responses to electrical and glutamate microstimulation of the parabrachial nucleus in the rat.

We examined the functional organization of the parabrachial complex (PB) by mapping the cardiovascular and respiratory responses to PB microstimulation in anesthetized rats. The PB was explored with 100 mm resolution, at threshold doses of electrical current (5 mA) and glutamate (10-500 pmols), and the locations of stimulation sites were identified by small iontophoretic or pressure injections of biocytin or Phaselous vulgaris leucoagglutinin. Threshold doses of either L-glutamate or electrical current pulses caused pressor-tachycardic responses that mapped to the outer edge of the external lateral subnucleus while depressor bradycardic responses were elicited from stimuli near the dorsal lateral subnucleus. Pressor responses persisted in paralyzed, ventilated animals and were thus not dependent upon concomitant respiratory changes. Cardiac arrhythmias sometimes occurred during large pressor responses and during augmented breaths that occurred during or following PB stimulation. These observations indicate that the PB contains at least two distinct neuronal systems that are potently and opposingly involved in cardiovascular control. The locations of the sites giving the most potent responses implicate specific ascending and descending pathways as substrates for the cardiovascular responses. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Correlates of healthy eating habits in low-income Black women and Latinas.

Abstract Background. Few factors related to healthy or unhealthy eating habits in low-income, ethnic minority groups have been identified. In this study, factors associated with healthy and unhealthy eating habits and intent to change eating habits were examined in a sample of law-income Black and Latino women. Methods. Survey questionnaires designed to identify correlates of healthy eating habits were administered to 243 Black and Latino women whose children were enrolled in Head Start programs in South Central Los Angeles. Results. Having health insurance, lower perceived susceptibility to cancer, and higher levels of social support were significantly related to healthy eating habits. Exposure to domestic violence, lower income and knowledge of risk factors, and lower perceived efficacy in changing health outcome were associated with lower levels of intent to change eating habits. Conclusions. Economic factors such as insurance coverage and level of social support should be considered in evaluating and addressing eating habits in low-income, ethnic minority women. Exposure to domestic violence and self-efficacy may also be related to intent to change eating habits in these groups.
DYNAMIC FEEDING IN A STOCHASTIC PARALLEL PROCESSING SYSTEM

I consider a dynamic input scheduling problem of a stochastic parallel processing system consisting of n identical flexible machining cells. The processing times at each cell are independent random variables. Previous study has indicated the NP complexity of the problem. In this paper, I prove the separability under an ideal just-in-time input condition. Using the separability, I then construct an approximation procedure for most realistic applications where the separability condition is violated. The approximation procedure requires only linear time and performed quite well on an extensive test with numerical examples.
Concentration of colloidal silica suspensions using fluorescence spectroscopy

Abstract A simple detection method based on fluorescence excitation-emission spectroscopy has been developed to quantify the concentration of Ludox colloidal silica nanoparticles having diameters ranging from 7 to 22 nm. The technique works for suspensions of nominally negatively (SM30, LS, and TM40) and positively (CL) charged colloid silica particles. Without pretreatment, the method detection limits are 1.4 mg/L SiO 2 for CL (12 nm) and TM40 (22 nm) suspensions and 12 mg/L SiO 2 for SM30 (7 nm) and LS (12 nm) suspensions at an excitation wavelength of 308 nm and an emission wavelength of 318 nm. The fluorescence intensities of all the colloidal silica particle suspensions are linear ( R 2 > 0.98) with concentration in the range of 0–300 mg/L SiO 2 . The fluorescence intensity of the negatively charged particle suspensions is constant between pH 3 and 9. The fluorescence intensity of suspensions of particles that are nominally positively charged is constant above pH 5.5, where the particles become negatively charged.
From ether theory to ether theology: Oliver Lodge and the physics of immortality

This article follows the development of physicist Oliver Lodge's religio-scientific worldview, beginning with his reticent attraction to metaphysics in the early 1880s to the full formulation of his "ether theology" in the late 1890s. Lodge undertook the study of psychical phenomena such as telepathy, telekinesis, and "ectoplasm" to further his scientific investigations of the ether, speculating that electrical and psychical manifestations were linked phenomena that described the deeper underlying structures of the universe, beneath and beyond matter. For Lodge, to fully understand the ether was to force from the universe an ultimate Revelation, and psychical research, as the most modern and probatory science, was poised to replace religion as the means of that disclosure.
Sparse lexical representation for semantic entity resolution

This paper addresses the problem of semantic entity resolution (SER), which aims to determine whether some or none of the entities in a knowledge base is mentioned in a given web document. The lexical features, e.g., words and phrases, which are critical to the resolution of the semantic entities are typically of a small amount compared to all lexical features in the web document, and therefore can be modeled as sparse signals. Two techniques leveraging the principles of sparse signal recovery are proposed to identify the sparse, salient lexical features: one technique, based on the Lasso algorithm with the l2-norm distance metric, attempts to recover all the salient lexical features at once; the other technique, namely Posterior Probability Pursuit (PPP), sequentially identifies salient features one after one using the negative log posterior probability as the distance metric. Using a knowledge base consisting of about 100 million entities, we show that the proposed techniques exploiting the sparsity nature underlying SER deliver substantial performance improvement over baseline methods without sparsity consideration, demonstrating the potentials of sparse signal techniques in entity-centric web information processing.
The suspensorium of Ctenopoma acutirostre: A comparative functional analysis with Anabas testudineus.

The functional and structural aspects of the suspensorium of Ctenopoma acutirostre have been correlated with those of Anabas testudineus. The different parts of the suspensorium are described, as are the muscles that are functionally connected with the suspensorium. Functions were analyzed by observations on living specimens, and by measurements recorded from the movie films. The role played by various bones and muscles to carry out the functions (the respiration, the gulping, and the feeding) has been explained. The different bones and muscles have been considered as functional units which often are connected to form couplings. During the respiration in Ctenopoma the depression of the lower jaw is conducted by the levator operculiopercular apparatus-mandible coupling. The presence of this coupling is indicated by the presence of dorso-ventral movement of the operculum. A remarkable ventro-dorsal and antero-caudal movement in the urhyal during feeding shows in Ctenopoma the presence of the sternohyoideus-hyoid apparatus-interopercular-mandible coupling, which depresses the lower jaw. In Ctenopoma, the suspensorium takes part in respiration, gulping, and feeding, whereas in Anabas it is only involved in gulping and feeding. To carry out its functions, the suspensorium implies three articulations: palatocranial, craniohyomandibular, and quadratomandibular with the cranium and the lower jaw, respectively. Finally, the suspensorium has been analyzed as a part of the architectonic structure of the entire head by using a diagrammatic model (fig. 13) based on mutual influence, integration, and couplings.
Synthesis of N-acetylneuraminyl-α2,3(6)lactose-malate dehydrogenase conjugate for detecting sialic acid terminal groups on glycoproteins via homogeneous lectin-based enzyme-linked binding assay

An N-acetylneuraminyl-alpha 2,3(6)lactose-malate dehydrogenase (MDH-Lac-Neu5Ac) conjugate is prepared via an isothiocyanate conjugation method using a p-aminophenethylamino derivative of sialyllactose. The newly synthesized conjugate can be utilized as a reagent in a novel homogeneous lectin-based, enzyme-linked, competitive binding assay (1-3) for probing the specific carbohydrate structure and content of intact glycoproteins. The enzymatic activity of the MDH-Lac-Neu5Ac conjugate is shown to be significantly inhibited (35%) by sialic acid-binding lectin, Limax flavus agglutinin (LFA), and this inhibition is reversed by mucin, a glycoprotein possessing sialic acid terminals. The asialo form of mucin, however, binds weakly to LFA, yielding no substantial increase in the MDH-Lac-Neu5Ac activity at comparable glycoprotein concentrations. Use of the newly synthesized conjugate in conjunction with LFA or other lectins capable of binding sialic acid may provide a rapid and convenient way to detect the presence and relative amount of sialic acid terminal groups within intact glycoprotein structures.
Vascular abnormalities in lichen aureus

Lichen aureus is an infrequently reported subset of the pigmented purpuric dermatoses. A review of the English literature suggests the golden to purple colored lesions are asymptomatic or mildly pruritic with no regression once established. A case report of a S6-year-old man with lichen aureus of the thighs is presented. This case is unusual in that the patient had persistent pain at the lesion site. Furthermore, increased capillary fragility and koebnerization were both demonstrated. Treatment of an asymptomatic urinary tract infection resulted in temporary subjective and objective improvement.