cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of functionally relevant populations in enhanced biological phosphorus removal processes based on intracellular polymers profiles and insights into the metabolic diversity and heterogeneity.

This study proposed and demonstrated the application of a new Raman microscopy-based method for metabolic state-based identification and quantification of functionally relevant populations, namely polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs), in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) system via simultaneous detection of multiple intracellular polymers including polyphosphate (polyP), glycogen, and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). The unique Raman spectrum of different combinations of intracellular polymers within a cell at a given stage of the EBPR cycle allowed for its identification as PAO, GAO, or neither. The abundance of total PAOs and GAOs determined by Raman method were consistent with those obtained with polyP staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Different combinations and quantities of intracellular polymer inclusions observed in single cells revealed the distribution of different sub- PAOs groups among the total PAO populations, which exhibit phenotypic and metabolic heterogeneity and diversity. These results also provided evidence for the hypothesis that different PAOs may employ different extents of combination of glycolysis and TCA cycle pathways for anaerobic reducing power and energy generation and it is possible that some PAOs may rely on TCA cycle solely without glycolysis. Sum of cellular level quantification of the internal polymers associated with different population groups showed differentiated and distributed trends of glycogen and PHB level between PAOs and GAOs, which could not be elucidated before with conventional bulk measurements of EBPR mixed cultures.
The effect of immunosuppressive regimens on the recurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis after liver transplantation

Recurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) has been described in liver transplant recipients. Type of immunosuppression has been reported to influence the frequency of recurrence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the occurrence and pattern of recurrent PBC in our liver transplant recipients and determine any association of immunosuppressive agents with its recurrence. Patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for PBC were identified from the University of Chicago Liver Transplant Database. Recurrent PBC was diagnosed based on specific pathological criteria. Of 46 patients who underwent OLT for PBC between 1984 and 2000, a total of 7 patients (15%) were diagnosed with recurrent PBC at a median of 78 months (range, 27 to 120 months) after OLT. Forty-three percent of patients were administered cyclosporine, whereas 57% were administered tacrolimus before disease recurrence. Rates of recurrence were not different between patients maintained on cyclosporine therapy (16%) compared with those maintained on tacrolimus therapy (18%; P = 1.0). There also was no difference in frequency of rejection episodes or duration of corticosteroid therapy between those who did and did not have recurrent PBC. In conclusion, recurrent PBC developed in a small number of patients 2 years or longer after OLT. In our population, there was no difference in recurrence rates between those administered cyclosporine or tacrolimus for immunosuppression.
Palladium nanoparticle-decorated iron nanotubes hosted in a polycarbonate porous membrane: development, characterization, and performance as electrocatalysts of ascorbic acid

One-dimensional iron metallic nanotubes were prepared by electroless deposition within the pores of polycarbonate (PC) membranes. The longitudinal nucleation of the nanotubes along the pore walls was achieved by mounting the PC membrane between two halves of a U-shaped reaction tube. Palladium nanoparticles were post-deposited on the inner wall of the nanotubes. The composition, morphology, and structure of the Pd/Fe nanotubes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy. A glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with the free Pd/Fe bimetallic nanotubes (isolated after the dissolution of the host membranes) showed small improvement on the overpotential oxidation of ascorbic acid in comparison to the bare GC electrode. Alternatively, the Pd/Fe-polycarbonate membrane was covered with a sputtered gold thin layer of 10 nm from one side and mounted in a homemade electrochemical cell acting as the working electrode. The potential use of these functional membranes as catalytic surfaces for the electrochemical monitoring of ascorbic acid was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. In the presence of a phosphate buffer solution, pH 7, Pd/Fe-polycarbonate membranes showed excellent electrocatalytic properties toward the oxidation of ascorbic acid even at potentials as low as 0 mV versus a Ag/AgCl reference electrode. In addition to the substantial lower overpotential, these electrodes offered selectivity over acetaminophen and uric acid, and a prolonged working stability without the need for maintenance. The electrodes were kept dry between different working days and retained their original activity for more than 1 week. Pd-polycarbonate and Fe-polycarbonate membranes were also developed for comparison purposes.
A Noisy-Channel Account of Crosslinguistic Word-Order Variation

The distribution of word orders across languages is highly nonuniform, with subject-verb-object (SVO) and subject-object-verb (SOV) orders being prevalent. Recent work suggests that the SOV order may be the default in human language. Why, then, is SVO order so common? We hypothesize that SOV/SVO variation can be explained by language users’ sensitivity to the possibility of noise corrupting the linguistic signal. In particular, the noisy-channel hypothesis predicts a shift from the default SOV order to SVO order for semantically reversible events, for which potential ambiguity arises in SOV order because two plausible agents appear on the same side of the verb. We found support for this prediction in three languages (English, Japanese, and Korean) by using a gesture-production task, which reflects word-order preferences largely independent of native language. Other patterns of crosslinguistic variation (e.g., the prevalence of case marking in SOV languages and its relative absence in SVO languages) also s...
Efficient Stereo Image Geometrical Reconstruction at Arbitrary Camera Settings from a Single Calibration

Camera calibration is central to obtaining a quantitative image-to-physical-space mapping from stereo images acquired in the operating room (OR). A practical challenge for cameras mounted to the operating microscope is maintenance of image calibration as the surgeon’s field-of-view is repeatedly changed (in terms of zoom and focal settings) throughout a procedure. Here, we present an efficient method for sustaining a quantitative image-to-physical space relationship for arbitrary image acquisition settings (S) without the need for camera re-calibration. Essentially, we warp images acquired at S into the equivalent data acquired at a reference setting, S 0, using deformation fields obtained with optical flow by successively imaging a simple phantom. Closed-form expressions for the distortions were derived from which 3D surface reconstruction was performed based on the single calibration at S 0. The accuracy of the reconstructed surface was 1.05 mm and 0.59 mm along and perpendicular to the optical axis of the operating microscope on average, respectively, for six phantom image pairs, and was 1.26 mm and 0.71 mm for images acquired with a total of 47 arbitrary settings during three clinical cases. The technique is presented in the context of stereovision; however, it may also be applicable to other types of video image acquisitions (e.g., endoscope) because it does not rely on any a priori knowledge about the camera system itself, suggesting the method is likely of considerable significance.
Fast-Probe Plasma Diagnostics

We have used a variety of electrostatic, calorimetric and sample exposure probes to diagnose the edge plasma of neutral-beam heated discharges on the tokamak fusion test reactor (TFTR). In the past, spatial profiles of electron density and temperature, and other edge parameters, were generated by repositioning probes between discharges during experiments consisting of a large number of nominally identical discharges. Recently, we have employed a probe which executes a relatively rapid stroke to generate spatial and temporal profiles during a single discharge. This has greatly enhanced our ability to perform systematic studies of the edge plasma as various operating variables are changed. In addition, this rapid radial motion permits withdrawal of the probe during portions of the discharge when the intense neutral beam heating would otherwise damage the measuring tips. Applications of such a technique to low temperature, process plasmas will be discussed.
Concealed Degloving Injury (the Morel-lavallée Lesion) in Childhood Sports: A Case Report

Morel-Lavallee lesions (MLLs), described in 1853 by Maurice Morel-Lavallee, are uncommon closed internal degloving injuries in which the subcutaneous tissues are stripped off the fascia with a hematoma and, in some cases, necrotic fat1-4. These lesions are most commonly noted with high-energy pelvic trauma1,3 and can require weeks to resolve. Accurate diagnosis is delayed in up to one-third of patients because of inconsistent clinical presentation and because initial skin bruising can mask the importance of the underlying soft-tissue injury5. These lesions occur less frequently in the knee region; knee MLLs have been reported in professional football players6. A few reports1,6,7 in the literature indicate that MLLs most commonly occur in people in their third and fourth decades of life. In 1986, Letts8 documented cases of degloving injuries in children following major trauma; we report the rare case of a boy who presented with an MLL two weeks after a football injury. The patient and parents were informed that nonidentifying information from the case would be submitted for publication, and they provided consent. While playing outdoor pick-up football, an eleven-year-old boy sustained a left knee injury after being tackled and falling onto the asphalt, landing directly on the anterior aspect of the knee. He was not wearing any protective padding at the time of injury. He developed left thigh and knee pain as well as a large bruise about the thigh and was taken to the local emergency department. He was healthy with no medical problems. On presentation, he had fully intact neurologic and vascular function in the lower extremities and had 5 of 5 hip and knee flexor and extensor strength despite some pain. He had moderate pain with knee motion, with an …
Immunolocalization of PKC zeta in rat photoreceptor inner segments

We have utilized several peptide specific antisera directed against the C-terminals (Wetsel et al, 1992) of several protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes (alpha, beta 1, beta 11, gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta) to delineate the cellular localization of these PKC isozymes in rat retina. Antisera against PKC beta 1, beta 11, gamma, delta and epsilon were non-reactive in frozen rat retina sections, whereas, anti PKC alpha was strongly reactive with the outer plexiform, inner plexiform and nerve fiber cell layers. The most specific localization of immunoreactivity was observed with PKC zeta, which reacted strongly and exclusively with photoreceptor inner segments, but not outer segments. Immunoblot analysis of whole rat retina homogenate showed that anti-PKC alpha recognized an antigen of approximately 80kD and anti-PKC zeta recognized a approximately 72kD protein. Immunolocalization of PKC zeta to photoreceptor inner segments and possible functional significance are discussed.
Disposing used engine oils in concrete – Optimum dosage and compatibility with water reducers

Abstract Used engine oils (UEOs) are among the toxic wastes that affect marine and human lives. A comprehensive research project was undertaken to address relevant implications that would result from disposing synthetic or mineral UEO on concrete performance. These include the optimum dosage rate, compatibility with conventional water reducers (WRs), timing addition during the batching sequence, and control of undesirable increase in air content and oily smell of concrete. Test results have shown that the excessive increase in fresh air content and oily smell released during concrete batching due to the addition of UEO can be controlled by the incorporation of small quantities of defoaming and odorant chemicals. An optimum UEO dosage of 0.3% of cement mass was found, beyond which detrimental effects on initial slump, setting time, and compressive strength can be encountered. The incorporation of UEO together with conventional WR in concrete resulted in a certain incompatibility reflected by increased viscosity and rates of slump loss over time. Such incompatibility was particularly accentuated when the UEO was added before the WR during the batching sequence.
Surgical approaches to the vertebral bodies in the cervical and lumbar regions.

Four surgical approaches to the vertebral bodies have been developed which, in conjunctions with costotransversectomy, allow surgical ascess to all portions of the bodies of the vertebral column. The pharyngcal incision is used for the first and second cervical vertebrae. The anterior tervical approach is used for lesions from the third cervical to the first thoracie vertbra. Costotransversectomy and lateral rachotomy are used for lesions of the first thoracie to the twelfth thoracic vertebra, inclusive. The anterolateral approach is used to gain access to the first to fifth lumbar vertebra and allows excellent visualization and treatment, particularly of extensive lesions. The posterolateral approach is less formidable and is sufficient for treatment of a small lumbar lesion. In a period of over ten years, there has not been a death from the use of these surgical approaches, and serious complications have been avoided. Use of the approaches has been highsly effective not only in obtaining early positive diagnosis of vertebral lesions but also in their definitive treatment.
Efficacy of Leukadherin-1 in the Prevention of Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury in Neonatal Rats

Lung inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of premature infants. The challenge in BPD management is the lack of effective and safe antiinflammatory agents. Leukadherin-1 (LA1) is a novel agonist of the leukocyte surface integrin CD11b/CD18 that enhances leukocyte adhesion to ligands and vascular endothelium and thus reduces leukocyte transendothelial migration and influx to the injury sites. Its functional significance in preventing hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that administration of LA1 is beneficial in preventing hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury, an experimental model of BPD. Newborn rats were exposed to normoxia (21% O2) or hyperoxia (85% O2) and received twice-daily intraperitoneal injection of LA1 or placebo for 14 days. Hyperoxia exposure in the presence of the placebo resulted in a drastic increase in the influx of neutrophils and macrophages into the alveolar airspaces. This...
Utang na Loob: Our Debt to Don Nakanishi

Susie Hsiushan Ling describes how Don Nakanishi never gave up trying to blend the passion of 1960 idealists with the cutthroat competitive reality of the academic world. She also describes how the UCLA Asian American Studies Center is a caring giant that remains relevant to real people.
Coercion and Communication: Frameworks for Evaluation of Economic Sanctions

A symposium on "Trade Sanctions and International Relations" raises the fundamental question: What are the functions that economic sanctions perform for states? How we answer this question will determine our evaluations of past experience with sanctions and our policy recommendations for the future. This is essentially a political and economic question, not a question of law. We must turn to disciplines such as political science, economics, and international relations to answer the question and to clarify the analytical frameworks within which our thinking takes place. This article discusses two recent works on economic sanctions from non-legal disciplines: Economic Sanctions Reconsidered, by Gary Hufbauer and Jeffrey Schott, and Economic Statecraft, by David Baldwin. Both works are in the Realist tradition of international relations scholarship. Hufbauer and Schott and Baldwin both challenge the conventional wisdom that economic sanctions do not work very well. The two works are significantly different, however, in the way in which their authors think about sanctions, especially the fundamental question of function or purpose. Hufbauer and Schott focus on the use of sanctions to force the immediate target state to act as the sanctioning state wishes it to act: the "coercion" in the title of this article. While Baldwin also addresses the direct, coercive use of sanctions, he focuses primarily on their symbolic use, referred to in the title of this article as "communication." The contrast between these two approaches should help to clarify the frameworks within which we make our own analyses.
Influence of cortisone on natural course of malaria in the pigeon.

SummaryCortisone has been found to increase markedly the parasitemia in pigeons infected with P. relictum. The increase is most apparent following the primary crisis. In this strain of malaria in which no relapse occurs normally cortisone was without effect on the latent infection.
Effects of X-ray irradiation on viscosity of synovial fluid.

Conclusions1 . The viscosity of joint fluid is decreased by exposure to X-rays, the decrease in viscosity being directly proportional to the amount of irradiation. 2. The viscosity of pure hyaluronic acid solutions is decreased less by the action of X-rays than is the viscosity of joint fluid. 3. Joint fluid is as susceptible to the enzymatic action of bull testis hqaluronidase in the irradiated sample as in the control. S o increase in titratable acidity follows irradiation of pure hyaluronate solution, indicating that the reduction in viscosity probably does not result from oxidative degradation. 4. The possible physiological implications are discussed.
The comparison analysis of Yanbian Yellow Beef and Hybridization F_1 in physical and chemical traits

The beef of Yanbian Yellow Cattle and Hybridization F1 were analysised,the results showed that compared with Hybridization F1 beef,Yanbian Yellow Beef is richer in protein(0.08%),ash content(0.27%),rate dehydrate(1.45%).And the fat content is lower(0.23%),water holding capacity(3.67%),cooked meat percentage(1.93%) in Yanbian Yellow Beef.Shear force value of Hybridization F1 is lower.
The Finite Element Modeling of High-speed Spindle System Dynamics with Spindle-holder-tool Joints

The dynamics of joints are one of the most important factor affecting the spindle cutting efficiency,processing quality,processing performance in the high-speed spindle system,which is also the foundation of studying the spindle system dynamics.The joints are simplified as the distributing spring,and the finite element modeling is carried out by the finite element method based on the modeling thought of parallel rotor system.After specifying the distribution pattern and stiffness-damper determination of the springs,the finite element modeling process of the spindle system dynamics is proposed,considering the spindle-holder-tool joints.Finally,taking the spindle system of a vertical machining center which installs the BT handle as example,the tip point frequency response function is solved by the finite element modeling using the proposed method.Through the comparison with the actual test,it is found that the proposed modeling approach can better simulate the spindle system dynamics.
Regulation of dopaminergic activity, but not tyrosine hydroxylase, is diminished after chronic inorganic lead exposure.

Previous work has indicated that the neurotoxic action of environmentally relevant levels of lead (Pb) on dopaminergic neurons is primarily presynaptic in nature and related to impaired regulation of dopamine (DA) synthesis and decreased DA release. This study was conducted to assess the functional integrity of the regulation of DA synthesis in caudate-putamen (C-P) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of chronically Pb-exposed rats by measuring tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity. A pharmacological paradigm was employed that isolated autoreceptor-mediated regulation of the enzyme. At parturition dams received 0.2% Pb acetate (1090 ppm) in the drinking water while control dams received distilled water. Offspring were weaned to and maintained on the same solution given their dams until termination at 60 or 120 days. Rats were given saline or one of three DA agonists (EMD 23448, CGS 15855A, TL-99) 45 or 60 min before termination followed 15 min later by 750 mg/kg i.p. of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) or saline. The ability of a DA agonist to prevent the GBL-induced increase in DA content was significantly altered in C-P of exposed rats compared to controls. No effect of Pb on DA content was observed in NAc. Furthermore, no differences in the ability of DA agonists to inhibit GBL-induced activation of TH in Pb-exposed compared to control animals were apparent in either brain region at either age by use of the tritium release method or the accumulation of L-DOPA. On the other hand, concentrations of DA metabolites in exposed rats given GBL and EMD 23448 were significantly lower than those in controls in both C-P and NAc. These findings support previous work suggesting that chronic Pb has multiple actions on CNS dopaminergic neurons consisting of impaired regulation of DA content and decreased DA release. However, these effects cannot be attributed to alterations in autoreceptor-mediated regulation of TH activity.
Improving the value of clinical research through the use of Common Data Elements

The use of Common Data Elements can facilitate cross-study comparisons, data aggregation, and meta-analyses; simplify training and operations; improve overall efficiency; promote interoperability between different systems; and improve the quality of data collection. A Common Data Element is a combination of a precisely defined question (variable) paired with a specified set of responses to the question that is common to multiple datasets or used across different studies. Common Data Elements, especially when they conform to accepted standards, are identified by research communities from variable sets currently in use or are newly developed to address a designated data need. There are no formal international specifications governing the construction or use of Common Data Elements. Consequently, Common Data Elements tend to be made available by research communities on an empiric basis. Some limitations of Common Data Elements are that there may still be differences across studies in the interpretation and implementation of the Common Data Elements, variable validity in different populations, and inhibition by some existing research practices and the use of legacy data systems. Current National Institutes of Health efforts to support Common Data Element use are linked to the strengthening of National Institutes of Health Data Sharing policies and the investments in data repositories. Initiatives include cross-domain and domain-specific resources, construction of a Common Data Element Portal, and establishment of trans-National Institutes of Health working groups to address technical and implementation topics. The National Institutes of Health is seeking to lower the barriers to Common Data Element use through greater awareness and encourage the culture change necessary for their uptake and use. As National Institutes of Health, other agencies, professional societies, patient registries, and advocacy groups continue efforts to develop and promote the responsible use of Common Data Elements, particularly if linked to accepted data standards and terminologies, continued engagement with and feedback from the research community will remain important.
Heparan Sulfate Accumulation in the Beta-Amyloid Protein Containing Lesions of Down’s Syndrome Occurs Prior to the Appearance of Fibrillar Amyloid

In the present study, a monoclonal antibody (HK-249) that recognizes a glucosamine sulfate alpha 1→4 glucuronic acid-containing determinant in heparan sulfate (HS) chains of a basement membrane derived heparan sulfate proteoglycan was used to identify and localize HS in Downs syndrome (DS) brain, and to determine the sequence of events preceding the formation and accumulation of: fibrillar amyloid in DS. Analysis of DS patients at different ages revealed that HS accumulated within neurons of the hippocampus and amygdala, as early as 1 day after birth. Young age-matched controls did not demonstrate similar positive HS immunoreactivity in neurons whereas positive immunostaining for HS was observed in other regions thought to normally contain HS. The earliest deposition of betaamyloid protein (BAP) was first observed as “amorphous” or “diffuse” cortical deposits in DS brain in patients aged 18 and 24, prior to the accumulation of fibrillar amyloid (observed in DS patients 35 years and older). These cortical deposits also contained positive HS immunoreactivity implying that HS accumulation in conjunction with the BAP is an early event preceding the first appearance of fibrillar amyloid.
Three-Dimensional Metaphyseal Fit Analysis of Anatomic Stems

Introduction: For 30 years, uncemented anatomic hip stems have been implanted with documented clinical results[1,2]. Their geometry can be linked back to the geometry of the PCA and ABG stems. Modifications to date include stem length, body geometry, material, and reduction in distal geometry. New tools have been developed allowing anatomical measurements and analysis of three-dimensional digital femora geometry through CT scans[3]. The purpose of this study is to analyze three-dimensional contact of various anatomic hip stem designs using this technique. Methods: Six femora (57–87 yrs, 72–88 kg), were selected from a CT scan database (SOMA™) of 604 Caucasian bones. They were selected based on femoral anteversion (average +/−1.5 * std. dev.) with three measuring[4] 8–10° and three 31–33° of anteversion. The CT scans were segmented into cancellous/cortical bone and converted into CAD models in PRO/Engineer Wildfire (v.5). A/P views of the bones were scaled to a 120% magnification to allow three surgeons to surgically template and choose the stem size and location (maximizing fill (n = 1); restoring the head center (n = 2)) with two implant designs (1-Citation TMZF and 2-ABG II Monolithic, Stryker Orthopaedics, Mahwah). Measurements from templating were used to virtually implant CAD models of the implants into the bones (n = 36 bone/stem assemblies). The assemblies were imported into Geomagic Qualify 2012 for 3D deviation analysis comparing the coated region of the implant to the cortical-cancellous boundary. The analysis generated color map profiles based on the following categories: Contact (−2.0 to 0.5 mm), Conformity (0.5 to 2.0 mm), Proximity (2.0 to 5.0 mm), and Gap (5.0 to 12 mm) and the percent of the surface that was within each of these categories. These results were compared for patterns within and across the anatomic families. Results: Similar patterns of fit were observed within and across both families. The same size implants were not always used together across both systems. The strongest commonality was found regarding the percentage of the implant adjacent to more than 5 mm of cancellous bone (Gap, shown in red in Figure 1b) and the pattern of contact on the medial curvature of the implants. On average 61% and 56% of the metaphyseal region of Implants 1 and 2, respectively, is adjacent to 5–12 mm of cancellous bone between the implant and cortical bone. Implants 1 and 2 also demonstrated 30% and 37% between 0.5 and 5 mm of cancellous bone to the cortical boundary. Contact ( Discussion: Proper load transfer is essential for positive bone remodeling for short/long term fixation. As anatomic stems load femurs circumferentially, it is important to note that common characteristics transfer load to bone potentially contributing to their success. Previously, technology has not permitted circumferential analysis of implant fit on a wide scale, reproducible basis.
An adaptive k-nearest neighbor graph building technique with applications to hyperspectral imagery

The analysis of remotely sensed spectral imagery has a variety of applications in both the public and private sectors, including tracking urban development, monitoring the spread of diseased crops, and mapping environmental disasters. The high spatial and spectral resolutions in hyperspectral imagery (HSI) make it particularly desirable for these types of analyses, as HSI sensors capture “color” information beyond what the human eye can see; this allows for greater differentiation between materials. However, those same properties can make HSI more difficult to analyze: traditional statistical or linear data models are not always able to well-model the high-dimensional HSI data for materially cluttered scenes. In recent years, the literature has shown an increase in the use of graph theory-based models for HSI analysis. These models are often used as the foundation for data transformations and manifold learning algorithms including Locally Linear Embedding, Commute Time Distance, and ISOMAP. A challenge associated with the graph building techniques used in these transformations is that they are typically k-nearest neighbor (kNN) graphs, which requires the user to designate a universal k value for the dataset. There is a need for an adaptive approach to building a kNN graph for HSI analysis so as to handle the particular characteristics of hyperspectral data in the spectral space, such as the sparse regions of data due to anomalies or rare targets in the scene, and the dense regions of data due to background clusters. Here, we present adaptive nearest neighbors, or ANN, which identifies a different k value for each pixel, so that pixels in denser regions have a higher k value and pixels in sparser regions have a lower k value. The resulting ANN graphs will be compared against kNN, and will be shown for synthetic data as well as hyperspectral data. While the focus here is on HSI, the ANN technique is applicable to any type of data analysis using a graph-based model.
Antenatal Escitalopram Use and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in a Newborn: A Case Report

The increased use of antidepressants during pregnancy has been associated with adverse effects in the newborn. We report a case of antenatal escitalopram use associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in a healthy term baby. We further discuss possible mechanisms that may explain this association. With increasing evidence of association of necrotizing enterocolitis with maternal exposure to antidepressants, more studies to find out causality and methods to predict babies at risk and their prudent management are needed.
Is targeting glycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose a viable therapeutic approach to bladder cancer?

Purpose: Although several therapeutic options for bladder cancer are available, the poor efficacy and palpable side effects are a major concern. Establishing a more effective intervention is urgently demanded. Glycolysis is considered a strategic target and has been often investigated in various cancers. Particularly, 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), a glycolysis inhibitor, has been intensely studied and shown to be encouraging and promising. Accordingly, we investigated how targeting glycolysis with 2DG would be effective on bladder cancer cells. Methods: Bladder cancer 5637 cells were employed and cell viability was determined by MTT assay. To explore the anticancer mechanism of 2DG linked to glycolysis, two glycolytic parameters of hexokinase (HK) activity and ATP synthesis, metabolic signaling pathways, and induction of apoptosis were examined. Whether 2DG may potentiate several chemotherapeutic drugs being clinically used was also assessed for its possible chemosensitizing effect. Results: A dose-dependent study of 2DG showed a 23-80% reduction in cell viability. HK activity and cellular ATP level were decreased by ~46% and ~56% with 2DG, respectively, indicating the glycolysis inhibition. AMP-activated protein kinase was activated while protein kinase B was inactivated and also mammalian target of rapamycin was inhibited with 2DG. These modulations would lead to the growth cessation and the cell viability reduction. In fact, the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic bcl-2 and the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax in 2DG-treated cells indicated induction of apoptosis. Moreover, chemotherapeutic drugs with poor cytotoxic activity were selectively sensitized with 2DG, resulting in a significantly improved cell viability reduction. Conclusion: 2DG has anticancer activity on bladder cancer cells and its anticancer mechanism involves the glycolysis inhibition, the modulations of certain signaling pathways, and induction of apoptosis. Additionally, 2DG has a chemosensitizing effect when combined with drugs. Thus, targeting glycolysis with 2DG appears to be an alternative, viable therapeutic approach to bladder cancer.
Allogeneic umbilical cord blood transplantation.

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from HLA-identical sibling donors has been successfully utilized in the treatment of high-risk or recurrent hematological malignancies, bone marrow failure syndromes, and selected hereditary immunodeficiency states and metabolic disorders. Use of allogeneic BMT has been limited both by the lack of suitable donors and because of the risk of life-threatening complications that arise when donor and recipient are not immunologically identical, namely, graft failure and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
Characterization of maternal isoagglutinins in ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Sera of group O mothers of infants with and without ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn were fractionated by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography and density gradient ultracentrifugation. Whole sera and serum fractions were evaluated for activity by various test systems currently used for the antenatal prediction of ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn. The results of these studies did not show any single serologic property that would unequivocally diflerentiate between the isoantibodies of mothers of affected infants and mothers of normal infants of incompatible blood group.
Cerebral Blood Flow Velocities and Functional Outcomes in Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Abstract Outcomes can be challenging to predict in children with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound has become an increasingly useful modality in adult and ped...
Corruption and environmental regulatory policy in the United States: Does trust matter?

Abstract This study shows that the level of trust matters for how corruption affects public policy outcomes in the long-run, in particular the stringency of environmental policies. We argue that the level of trust affects the relative strength of industry- and environmental lobby groups, and therefore the effect of corruption on the stringency of environmental policies. We use a novel index of the level of corruption in each state which uses Associated Press (AP) news wires. We find that higher corruption reduces the stringency of environmental policies when the level of trust is low, but the effect declines and even becomes positive at higher levels of trust.
Reimagining complexity: Exploring organizational ambidexterity as a lens for policy research:

For years, policy implementation scholars have recognized the trend of school improvement policies converging on public schools in such a way that these policies create a paradox – policies aimed a...
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ON PRODUCT STANDARDS UNDER CONSUMPTION EXTERNALITIES: NATIONAL TREATMENT VERSUS MUTUAL RECOGNITION

This paper provides a comparative analysis of product standards agreements between heterogeneous countries. A simple model of vertical standards is developed where countries have heterogeneous preferences for a negative or positive consumption externality. I compare two major types of standards agreements, those based on national treatment (NT) and mutual recognition (MR). Unlike NT, MR can induce a mismatch of standards between countries, a problem that tends to get worse as country preferences diverge. Due to this mismatch problem, NT tends to become relatively more welfare‐enhancing than MR for countries with more dissimilar preferences. These findings explain why the World Trade Organization, the Trans‐Pacific Partnership, and the European Union choose different types of standards agreements. The paper also sheds new light on the desirability of international harmonization of product standards.
An Objective Classification and Analysis of Upper-Level Coupling to the Great Plains Low-Level Jet over the Twentieth Century

AbstractLow-level jets (LLJ) around the world critically support the food, water, and energy security in regions that they traverse. For the purposes of development planning and weather and climate...
Dual crosslinking strategy to generate mechanically viable cell-laden printable constructs using methacrylated collagen bioinks.

Abstract Photopolymerization of methacrylated collagen (CMA) allows for 3D bioprinting of tissue scaffolds with high resolution and print fidelity. However, photochemically crosslinked CMA constructs are mechanically weak and susceptible to expedited enzymatic degradation in vivo. The goal of the current study was to develop a dual crosslinking scheme for the generation of mechanically viable cell-laden printable constructs for tissue engineering applications. Dual crosslinking was performed by first photochemical crosslinking of CMA hydrogels using VA-086 photoinitiator and UV exposure followed by chemical crosslinking with two different concentrations of genipin (i.e., 0.5 mM (low dual) or 1 mM (high dual)). The effect of dual crosslinking conditions on gel morphology, compressive modulus, stability and print fidelity was evaluated. Additionally, human MSCs were encapsulated within CMA hydrogels and the effect of dual crosslinking conditions on viability and metabolic activity was assessed. Uncrosslinked, photochemically crosslinked, and genipin crosslinked CMA hydrogels were used as controls. SEM results showed that gel morphology was maintained upon dual crosslinking. Further, dual crosslinking significantly improved the compressive modulus and degradation time of cell-laden and acellular CMA hydrogels. Cell viability results showed that high cell viability (i.e., >80%) and metabolic activity in low dual crosslinked CMA hydrogels. On the other hand, cell viability and metabolic activity decreased significantly (p
SEEdPODs: An Effective Vehicle for Engineering and Technology Education

SEEdPODs are mobile technology libraries for teachers and students at the elementary, middle/junior high and high school levels. An advanced version of this technology-based educational laboratory can also be offered as professional education and training for employees in industries. Utah Valley University's (UVU) College of Engineering and Technology (CET), in collaboration with the School of Education (SOE) and The Center for the School of the Future at Utah State University (USU), is providing laboratory projects and training opportunities for teachers as part of their professional development, and thus exposing K-12 students to college level education and trade career training.
Sexuality & Slavery: Reclaiming Intimate Histories in the Americas, by Daina Ramey Berry and Leslie M. Harris: U of Georgia P, 2018.

I am a scholar of twentieth- and twenty-first century African American literature who has always regarded the history of enslavement to be vital to my teaching. However, I will admit that I have no...
Impact of Change Blindness on Worker Hazard Identification at Jobsites

AbstractDue to the dynamic nature of construction sites, workers face constant changes, including changes that endanger their safety. Failing to notice significant changes to visual scenes—known as...
Sensitivity of Wide Bandwidth Radiometer for Remote Sensing of Ocean Salinity

Passive microwave remote sensing of sea surface salinity from space is currently being done with measurements in the 27 MHz wide spectral window at 1.413 GHz (L-band) protected for passive use. Modern L-band instruments, such as the radiometers on Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Aquarius, have demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring surface salinity from space, and they have also demonstrated the need for better accuracy, especially in cold water. Proposals to improve accuracy have largely involved adding measurement at more frequencies. For example, adding lower frequencies to improve the sensitivity to salinity in cold water and adding higher frequencies to enable simultaneous retrieval of sea surface temperature which is needed in the retrieval of salinity. These strategies involve tradeoffs, some obvious such as the effects of interference from anthropogenic sources of radio frequency radiation when operating outside the protected band and the loss of spatial resolution at lower frequencies. But, some are more subtle and arise because of the dependence of the retrieval of salinity on other parameters of the ocean surface, in particular, water temperature and roughness (wind speed). The effect of these interdependencies on the potential accuracy of salinity remote sensing in the frequency range 0.3-3.0 GHz is examined here to gain insight into the potential for future wide bandwidth instruments for remote sensing of salinity and the optimization of their design. There is benefit including the low frequencies, especially for cold water, but a danger of increased error including frequencies above 1.5-2.0 GHz depending on temperature.
Avenatti Caught in a Web Created by His Doing

Michael Avenatti is widely known for representing Stormy Daniels in her claims regarding an alleged affair with President Donald Trump that eventually led to a $130,000 settlement payment to Daniels from Trump’s attorney, Michael Cohen.
Climatology of midlatitude ionospheric disturbances from the Very Large Array Low‐frequency Sky Survey

[1] The results of a climatological study of ionospheric disturbances derived from observations of cosmic sources from the Very Large Array (VLA) Low-frequency Sky Survey (VLSS) are presented. We have used the ionospheric corrections applied to the 74 MHz interferometric data within the VLSS imaging process to obtain fluctuation spectra for the total electron content (TEC) gradient on spatial scales from a few to hundreds of kilometers and temporal scales from less than one minute to nearly an hour. The observations sample nearly all times of day and all seasons. They also span latitudes and longitudes from 28°N to 40°N and 95°W to 114°W, respectively. We have binned and averaged the fluctuation spectra according to time of day, season, and geomagnetic (Kp index) and solar (F10.7) activity. These spectra provide a detailed, multiscale account of seasonal and intraday variations in ionospheric activity with wavelike structures detected at wavelengths between about 35 and 250 km. In some cases, trends between spectral power and Kp index and/or F10.7 are also apparent. In addition, the VLSS observations allow for measurements of the turbulent power spectrum down to periods of 40 s (scales of ∼0.4 km at the height of the E-region). While the level of turbulent activity does not appear to have a strong dependence on eitherKp index or F10.7, it does appear to be more pronounced during the winter daytime, summer nighttime, and near dusk during the spring.
Wiki Collaboration: Free-riding Students and Relational Social Capital

Wikis are interactive Web 2.0 tools that enable collaboration and knowledge sharing. Wiki-enabled collaboration is ideal in an educational setting, yet is prone to free-riding. This study examined the impact of the relational social capital of undergraduate students on their wiki usage and free-riding in a group project. Preliminary findings reveal that characteristics of relational social capital did not affect usage of the wiki, but did affect perceived free-riding. Specifically, identity with the group had a significant effect on perceived free-riding. Identity also had effects on group trust, reciprocity and norms. Trust encouraged reciprocity and reciprocity reinforced norms. The paper’s main contribution is to increase understanding of how characteristics of relational social capital impact free-riding during wiki collaboration in an educational setting. Another contribution is the analysis of inter-relationships among characteristics of relational social capital, typically ignored by published research.
On Volumes of Permutation Polytopes

This paper focuses on determining the volumes of permutation polytopes associated to cyclic groups,dihedral groups, groups of automorphisms of tree graphs, and Frobenius groups. We do this through the use of triangulations and the calculation of Ehrhart polynomials. We also briefly discuss the theta body hierarchy of various permutation polytopes.
Pollen morphology of the Maddenia clade of Prunus and its taxonomic and phylogenetic implications

Maddenia (Rosaceae) was long recognized as a distinct genus closely related to Prunus and was recently merged with the latter. The Maddenia clade of Prunus has been revised taxonomically with four species from eastern Asia recognized. Recent molecular studies have provided evidence that this group is nested within Prunus, having a close relationship with the Padus–Laurocerasus complex. To further test the phylogenetic position of Maddenia, this study investigates pollen morphology of all former Maddenia species and 28 other Prunus species, using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The Prunus species sampled here represent major subgenera: Amygdalus, Cerasus, Laurocerasus, Padus, and Prunus s.s. We found that pollen grains of these groups are all monad and tricolporate with striate or rugulate sculpturing. The pollen evidence supports a close relationship between Maddenia and species of Padus and Laurocerasus subgroups (excluding the Pygeum group), all of which have elongated, thicker, and less directional muri. Pollen of the subgenera of Cerasus, Amygdalus, and Prunus has generally thinner, highly directional, and predominantly parallel muri. The pollen grains of the Pygeum subgroup are quite distinct from the other groups of Prunus. Pygeum pollen has rugulate exines with much shorter and rod-shaped muri.