cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wolbachia-Induced Mortality as a Mechanism to Modulate Pathogen Transmission by Vector Arthropods

Insecticide resistance and absence of clinical cures or vaccines for many vector-borne diseases has stimulated interest in using genetically modified arthropod vectors for disease control. Current transgenic strategies focus on vector susceptibility to pathogen infection, which is an inefficient target for pathogen transmission interference. Manipulation of vector survival is theoretically more effective, resulting in larger reductions in the expected number of human infections. A hypothetical method to manipulate vector survival is to drive mortality-inducing Wolbachia into populations. For varying patterns and degrees of induced mortality, we outline the conditions under which virulent Wolbachia introductions into vector populations are expected to succeed and quantify the resultant reduction in pathogen transmission. The most critical component to the success of this strategy is the pattern of induced mortality. For operationally feasible introductions, induced mortality must be delayed until after vector reproduction begins. If this condition is not met, introduction thresholds become exceedingly high, ranging from ≈40% to 90% of the total adult population. Delayed induced mortality patterns can reduce introduction thresholds to ≈15–45% of the total adult population. Reduction in cytoplasmic incompatibility with male age has negligible effects on introduction success regardless of the induced mortality pattern. Under proper circumstances, symbiont-induced manipulation of vector survival can theoretically result in up to 100% reduction in pathogen transmission, depending on Wolbachia parameters, magnitude and pattern of induced mortality, and duration of pathogen incubation in the vector. Our results indicate that a broadening of the current paradigm for genetic manipulation of vectors to parameters other than arthropod vector competence is justified and will reveal new research possibilities for vector-borne disease control.
Personality (and Psychopathology) Assessment in the Selection of Pilots

The assessment of personality when selecting flying personnel is a frequently misunderstood endeavor. This article conceptualizes the task as a two-step process composed of discrete activities: select-in, which uses psychological testing and other methods to measure traits that have been deemed desirable during a job task analysis, and select-out, which is a medical undertaking that is actually an assessment of psychopathology rather than strictly an assessment of personality. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 presents special challenges in U.S. civil aviation. Issues of response inflation and its mitigation are also considered. The unique challenges of personality disorders, particularly as an individual transitions from the military to the civil sector, are explored. Finally, an integrative approach, with one practitioner combining select-in and select-out methods, is discussed, as are the legal pitfalls of such an approach.
Morphological plasticity of astroglial/neuronal interactions: functional implications

Structure and function are inextricably wedded, a principle extending far beyond studies of nervous systems. Nowhere is this principle more profoundly and consistently exemplified than it is in nervous systems, however. It is clear, for example, from the diversity of cell types, the specializations of portions of cells, as well as the various contacts and intercellular juxtapositions, that functional diversity can be predicted from structural specialization. Thus, it is easy to understand that spinal motoneurons, with their long myelinated axons, carry out a different set of functions than do neurons that are devoid of axons, such as retinal amacrine cells. The former are engaged in high-speed transfer of information over long distances; the latter are not. Still, these two cell types remain neurons that integrate and process the information that they are specialized to receive and transmit. More subtle variations in neuron types than those gross differences seen between motoneurons and amacrine cells have been appreciated for some time now, of course. The presence or absence of spines on dendrites is an immediate clue to functional diversity among otherwise similar neurons, as is the presence or absence of microvesicles in dendrites, or whether the cell’s axon arises from the soma or from a proximal dendrite. This tight structure-function relationship holds not only for the individual cells themselves, but also for the larger structures formed by cell aggregates, e.g., the juxtapositions of cells within a nucleus in the brain. Such juxtapositions are known to be dynamic, even in the mature animal.
The role of soil ice in land‐atmosphere coupling over the United States: A soil moisture–precipitation winter feedback mechanism

[1] We perform two 23 year simulations using a regional climate model coupled with the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Land Model version 3.5 (RegCM-CLM) to investigate land-atmosphere coupling in the continental United States during the cold season (October–April) and the role of soil water phase. One simulation allows the land surface to interact freely (RunI) while the other simulation uses monthly climatological soil moisture (soil liquid plus soil ice) to represent an uncoupled land surface (RunC). A winter land-atmosphere coupling signal occurs slightly south of the freezing line, indicating that the freezing line could be regarded as a temporally varying transition zone similar to the dry-to-wet transition zone identified in prior studies during boreal summer. Warmer soil temperatures in RunI translate into additional available surface energy (sum of latent and sensible heat) producing locally elevated moist static energy in the atmosphere. Additionally, warmer temperatures and greater moist static energy increase both large-scale (6–30% increase, March) and convective precipitation (>100% increase, April). As a result of the increased liquid precipitation during transition months, soil liquid water increases thereby warming winter ground and air temperatures in the interactive run and enhancing the potential for subsequent liquid precipitation. While RunC includes more persistent soil ice than is likely present in the real land-atmosphere system, this precipitation-soil moisture feedback underscores the role of soil moisture phase and variability as an important surface parameter in the winter months.
Acrylonitrile–4-vinylpyridine copolymers effect of comonomer sequence distribution on properties

Acrylonitrile–,4-vinylpyridine copolymers were prepared in chloroform solution at 60°C with AIBN as initiator. Copolymer compositions were determined from their 15.01-MHz 13C-NMR spectra. Reactivity ratios of rAN = 0.093 and r4VP = 0.32 were calculated by the Kelen and Tudos method. The run number, number-average sequence lengths, and monomer sequence distributions were also calculated. The Tg values of the copolymers, their dye uptake, and degree of alkaline hydrolysis were influenced by the overall copolymer composition but particularly by the monomer sequence distribution in the copolymers.
Maxwell-Chern-Simons hydrodynamics for the chiral magnetic effect

The rate of vacuum-changing topological solutions of the gluon field, sphalerons, is estimated to be large at the typical temperatures of heavy-ion collisions, particularly at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Such windings in the gluon field are expected to produce parity-odd bubbles, which cause separation of positively and negatively charged quarks along the axis of the external magnetic field. This chiral magnetic effect can be mimicked by Chern-Simons modified electromagnetism. Here we present a model of relativistic hydrodynamics including the effects of axial anomalies via the Chern-Simons term.
A compact conformal end-fire antenna for 60 GHz wireless applications

The 60 GHz unlicensed spectrum (56 GHz to 66 GHz) has received a lot of attention over the last couple of years for enabling over 1 Gbps high speed wireless communications. The propagation characteristics of this unlicensed frequency band is extreme because of the high atmospheric absorption (∼10 dB/km at the sea level). These conditions require highly directive and high gain antennas at both the transmitter and the receiver to maximize the wireless communication throughput. End-Fire antennas [1]–[3] are very good candidates for such applications.
Modified integration rules for reducing dispersion error in finite element methods

Abstract This paper describes a simple but effective technique for reducing dispersion errors in finite element solutions of time-harmonic wave propagation problems. The method involves a simple shift of the integration points to locations away from conventional Gauss or Gauss–Lobatto integration points. For bilinear rectangular elements, such a shift results in fourth-order accuracy with respect to dispersion error (error in wavelength), as opposed to the second-order accuracy resulting from conventional integration. Numerical experiments involving distorted meshes indicate that the method has superior performance in comparison with other dispersion reducing finite elements.
Subjective vs Objective Tolerance During Long Term Administration of Triazolam

In order to assess potential tolerance to benzodiazepine hypnotics, triazolam 0.25mg was given nightly to 15 insomniacs. Total sleep time was significantly increased, and sleep latency decreased, during all 4 weeks of active drug compared with a 1-week placebo baseline period. Sleep efficiency was significantly improved on drug weeks 1, 2 and 4. In contrast, subjective effects on sleep were more complex. Reported total sleep increased, and reported number of awakenings decreased, during the entire 4 weeks. Reported sleep latency, on the other hand, was significantly decreased only on the first 2 weeks of drug administration. These results suggest that the differences in the findings of various studies regarding tolerance may be related to the type of insomniac and the outcome measures used. One speculation for future work might be that patients who tend to focus on the ability to fall asleep quickly will report tolerance with chronic use, while those who are more concerned with total amount of sleep and awakenings during the night will report continued effectiveness.
Multipath height finding in the presence of interference

A new method is proposed for multipath target height finding with a non-coherent, narrowband radar in the presence of interference. The technique is based on an ultra-wideband fusion technique for sparse-band frequency processing originally developed for wideband imaging. It is illustrated with data collected during the mountaintop program.
Spatial Distribution of Electron Stimulated Electron Desorption from a Metal Surface

Electron stimulated electron desorption yielding secondary electron emission is to be examined both experimentally and computationally. A novel secondary electron emission test stand at UNLV housing a particle position detector maps the evolution of the spatial distribution of electron beam stimulated secondary electrons emitted from a metal target. Electrons emitted from the target in the drift free region with initial momentum within an approximate 3deg<thetas<40deg conical angle of acceptance relative to the primary beam axis are collected and recorded. This allows for transient surface conditioning and degrading studies on a single pulse basis and a multi-pulse basis over time. In this preliminary study, an approximate analysis of the secondary electron emission test stand is provided with special considerations given to the detector assembly (e.g., grid, micro-channel plate, and particle position detector) and data acquisition electronics. Spatial distribution tendencies and total secondary electron emission counts are provided for a single target under test. The MAGIC modeling tool is employed to study the secondary electron emission process. Comparisons will be made with experiment.
Multifunctional analysis of antigen-specific T cells: correlates of vaccine efficiency

A new era for vaccine development and evaluation has begun with vaccines that generate cellular immune responses. If vaccine development is going to successfully engender T-cell responses for vaccine protection, researchers must consider that T-cells are capable of a large repertoire of cellular functions and then decide which functions they want to engage. The functions include killing by CD8 and CD4 T-cells, proliferation, and secretion of effector molecules (cytokines) that orchestrate immune responses, induction of inflammation and killing of target cells. Using flow cytometry, functions can be measured on a cell-by-cell basis to quantify the different types of effector T-cells present. Findings in HIV and Hepatitis B vaccine research may inform vaccine work for TB. For example, an analysis of the Hepatitis B booster vaccine showed the current practice of measuring a single parameter to test vaccine efficiency is not sufficient. Measurement of IFN-γ and IL-2 produced by CD4 T-cells showed that many antigen-specific T-cells made IL-2 but not IFN-γ. In fact, only about half of the T-cells responding to the vaccine produced IFN-γ and so if only this cytokine was measured, the magnitude of the vaccine response would be undercounted by a factor of two. Further, when five cell functions were measured in HIV-infected progressors and non-progressors no single measurement identified the majority of HIV-specific CD4 T-cells. MIP-1Beta dominated CD8 T-cell response and long-term non-progressors seemed to have slightly greater cytokine responses overall. Analyzing cytokines by each T-cell subset showed that HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells appear to be multifunctional; the magnitude of the overall CD8+ T-cell response to HIV does not correlate with protection from disease progression, but long-term non-progressors maintain higher levels of polyfunctional (IL-2+, TNF-a + and IFN-g+) HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells than progressors; and polyfunctional T-cells correlate inversely with viral load. These findings define a correlate of protection against which vaccines may be evaluated. Flow cytometry is the only platform that can provide multi-parametric analysis of the immune responses necessary for the most sensitive quantification of immunogenicity, identification of functional correlates, and adequate comparison of different regimens. In fact, flow cytometry is fundamentally changing vaccine development in terms of measuring cell response.
Leptin—Much More Than a Satiety Signal

Much attention has focused on the effects of leptin as a central satiety agent. There is now a significant amount of evidence that leptin is active in the periphery. This review focuses on the ability of leptin to modify insulin sensitivity, tissue metabolism, stress responses, and reproductive function. Leptin's effect on several of these systems is mediated via the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Therefore, although in vitro studies provide evidence for direct effects on specific tissues and metabolic pathways, it is essential to consider the interactions between leptin and other regulatory factors in vivo. Little is known about the regulation of peripheral receptor expression or the production of binding proteins. Both of these factors determine the bioactivity of circulating leptin and have the potential to induce a peripheral resistance to leptin, similar to the central "leptin resistance" observed in obese subjects. Future research will clarify which of the endocrine and metabolic actions of peripheral leptin are of physiological relevance and which should be considered a pharmacological manipulation.
Ethnic variations in cervical cytokine concentrations and vaginal flora during pregnancy.

Problem Pregnancy-mediated changes in immunity may influence risk of HIV-1 acquisition. This risk appears greatest among non-Caucasian women. Method of study Pregnant women with low risk of immune disruption were enrolled in a prospective observational cohort. Study visits occurred each trimester and postpartum. Semi-quantitative vaginal cultures and concentrations of cervical cytokines were compared between Caucasian and non-Caucasian women. Results In the second trimester, non-Caucasian women were more likely to be colonized with Gardnerella vaginalis (62% versus 25%, P = 0.02) and non-pigmented anaerobic gram-negative rods (43% versus 8%, P = 0.01). Mycoplasma hominis was more frequently isolated in non-Caucasian women throughout the second (29% versus 4%, P = 0.03) and third trimesters (35% versus 6%, P = 0.04). Non-Caucasian women had higher median interleukin (IL)-10 concentrations throughout the second (128 pg/mL versus 7 pg/mL, P = 0.05) and third trimesters (224 pg/mL versus 7 pg/mL, P = 0.05). Conclusion Non-Caucasian women experienced a greater diversity of microorganisms and increased IL-10 in the second and third trimesters.
Electrodiagnosis of Neuromuscular Junction Disorders

The electrodiagnostic (EDX) examination in patients with suspected neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disorders requires a good comprehension of the physiology and pathophysiology of neuromuscular transmission. The EDX studies that are useful in the evaluation of such patients include: 1) motor nerve conduction studies (NCSs); 2) conventional needle electromyography (EMG); 3) repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS); and 4) single-fiber EMG. This chapter reviews, in brief, basic knowledge of neuromuscular transmission as it relates to the EDX studies and discusses in detail the EDX studies and findings in various NMJ disorders.
Junctional Bradycardia as Early Sign of Digoxin Toxicity in a Premature Infant with Congestive Heart Failure due to a Left to Right Shunt

Introduction Congestive heart failure due to left to right cardiac shunt is usually managed medically with diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and, in some cases, with the addition of digoxin. Case We report a 31-week gestation premature male infant who did not respond to such treatment and developed hyperaldosteronism and severe hypokalemia secondary to activation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system. The hypokalemia was not responsive to intravenous KCL supplementation and induced digoxin toxicity despite a relatively normal digoxin level. The earliest signs of digoxin toxicity in the patient were junctional rhythm and bradycardia. The discontinuation of digoxin and the administration of digoxin specific immunoglobulin fragments (Fab) reversed those changes. The addition of spironolactone (an aldosterone antagonist) had a dramatic effect, resulting in clinical improvement of the patient coupled with normalization of Q4 serum and urine electrolytes. Conclusion Serum Digoxin level alone may fail as an independent guide in the diagnosis of digoxin toxicity when hypokalemia is present. In premature infants with congestive heart failure and hypokalemia, addition of an aldosterone antagonist should be considered.
Manipulation of androgens causes different energetic responses to cold in 60- and 40-day-old male rats

Previous studies suggested that adults respond differently than pubertal male rats to cold stress. To test the role of androgens in this difference, we adrenalectomized and replaced with corticosterone either 60- or 40-day-old male rats, then sham gonadectomized (Intact), gonadectomized (GDX), or GDX and replaced with testosterone (T; GDX+T) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT). One-half remained at room temperature (RT), and one-half lived in cold for 5 days. Cold reduced T in adult but not in pubertal Intacts. In 60-day-old rats, GDX with or without T replacement had minor effects on body weight (BW) and food intake (FI) at RT and cold. In 40-day-old rats at RT, androgens had slight effects; however, androgens affected almost all variables in cold. Separation of 40-day-old T-treated rats into two groups (moderate T levels, 1.4 ng/ml; high T levels, 1.9 ng/ml) revealed major differences between the groups. Moderate T (and DHT) prevented cold-induced loss of BW and increased FI. No T and high T induced decreased BW and FI in cold. We conclude that at 40 days of age, partial resistance to stress-induced reduction of T and high sensitivity to small changes in T have markedly positive effects on threatened energy balance.
Framing feminism: The case of KA.DER as a women's organization in Turkey

Synopsis This article explores the underlying dynamics of rights claiming by looking at a women's non-governmental organization named KA.DER (Association for the Support and Training of Women Candidates), which works to encourage women's political participation for office in Turkey. Following a liberal feminist approach, KA.DER frames its claims based on the equality principle. While KA.DER publicly promotes a “politics of equality” in their mandate and activities (which is a liberal approach to feminism), they actually invoke a “politics of difference” approach as revealed in the interview data. For example, the organization promote the representation of women in politics as a group right. In the interviews, they also claim that women are different than men in terms of political decision making. My analysis is based on interviews I conducted in June and December 2013 with active members of KA.DER in several different branches. Four themes emerge from in-depth interviews: increasing the number of women in politics, issue of representation, parity/equal representation instead of the quota system and promoting women's perspectives in politics.
Tufted Apple Budmoth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Effects of Constant Daylengths and Temperatures on Larval Diapause Development

Diapausing larvae of a laboratory strain of tufted apple budmoth, Platynota idaeusalis (Walker), were reared individually to larval-pupal ecdysis under different constant photoperiods and temperatures. Duration of larval instars 1 to 3 was not increased in diapausing insects (reared under short daylength) relative to nondiapausing larvae (reared under a long daylength), but there was a significant increase in duration of instars 4 and 5. Most of the increase in the number of days to larval-pupal ecdysis in diapausing insects occurred during additional larval instars of extended duration. Insects that diapaused under a 14-h daylength had significantly shorter times to larval-pupal ecdysis than those insects that diapaused under 10-, 11-, or 12-h daylength. At 10-h daylength, diapause duration and number of larval instars decreased with increasing temperature. Diapausing, field-collected larvae were reared to larval-pupal ecdysis under different photoperiods at 21°C. Diapause termination was spontaneous under both long and short days, and did not require chilling. Diapause duration was much shorter under long daylengths, and decreased under both long and short daylengths with later collection dates from autumn throught winter. Sensitivity to daylength was maintained through the end of winter; long day lengths apparently terminate diapause in the spring in field populations.
A Product-of-Convolutions Model for Three-dimensional Microscopy, Comparison to Born and Rytov Models

Three-dimensional imaging by a microscope is important in the study of three-dimensional structures such as embryos. In this work we present a three-dimensional forward model and a comparison to Born and Rytov models is presented.
A generalization ofL-splines

A theory of generalized splines is developed for all regular formally self adjoint differential operatorsL with real coefficients. A special case of such operators are those which may be factored in the formL =L 1 * L 1, such as those related to the generalized splines of Ahlberg, Nilson, and Walsh [1, 2], and theL-splines of Schultz and Varga [6]. Theorems giving unique interpolation, integral relations, and convergence rates are established. IfL has a certain positivity property, a useful extremal result is proven.
Characteristics of community structure and control strategy of rodents in Qingdao

Objective To analyse the characteristics of the community structure of rodents at different habitats in Qingdao,and to formulate scientific strategy for rodent control. Methods Night trapping and feeding method. Results The community of the rodents in Qingdao city was composed of 2 populations Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus.The percent of Rattus norvegicus was 92.73%.The community of the rodents in Qingdao surburb was composed of 6 populations,41.59% Mus musculus,28.76% Rattus norvegicus,21.68% Apodemus agrarius,6.64% Suncus murinus,0.89% Cricetulus triton,0.44% Apodemus speciosus.The rat of feeding was 49.74% in cloacae. Conclusion The important trade,cloacae,Qingdao surburb would be the main place to prevent and control rodents.
Some Inequalities for Trace of Operators

Give two refinements for a inequality of trace of operators,and obtain a new inequality for trace of operators.
Diagnosis of thalassemia using cDNA amplification of circulating erythroid cell mRNA with the polymerase chain reaction

We have developed a technique to diagnose the alpha- and beta-thalassemia (thal) syndromes using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify cDNA copies of circulating erythroid cell messenger RNA (mRNA) so as to quantitate the relative amounts of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-globin mRNA contained therein. Quantitation, performed by scintillation counting of 32P-dCTP incorporated into specific globin cDNA bands, showed ratios of alpha/beta-globin mRNA greater than 10-fold and greater than fivefold increased in patients with beta 0- and beta (+)-thal, respectively, as well as a relative increase in gamma-globin mRNA levels. Conversely, patients with alpha-thalassemia showed a decreased ratio of alpha/beta-globin mRNA proportional to the number of alpha-globin genes deleted. This methodology of ascertaining ratios of globin mRNA species provides a new, simplified approach toward the diagnosis of thalassemia syndromes, and may be of value in other studies of globin gene expression at the transcription level.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian response to clomiphene citrate in women with polycystic ovary syndrome * †

Objective To examine the hypothalamic-pituitary sites of clomiphene citrate (CC) action in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Design Prospective controlled trial. Patients, Participants Seventeen women with PCOS and 9 normal-cycling women. Interventions Subjects with PCOS received CC, 150mg/d for 5 days. Main Outcome Measures Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and LH pulse characteristics and their response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, 10 μ g) were examined before and after 3 days of CC in PCOS subjects during a 12-hour frequent sampling study (n=8). Daily urinary estrone glucuronide and pregnanediol glucuronide levels after CC were compared with concentrations in normal-cycling women through one menstrual cycle. In another nine PCOS subjects, pituitary and ovarian hormonal cyclicity was monitored by daily blood sampling. Results Thirteen of 17 treated cycles were ovulatory with normal luteal phases. In the ovulatory cycles, serum LH, FSH, estradiol (E 2 ), and estrone levels increased after CC. Luteinizing hormone pulse frequency was unchanged, but LH pulse amplitude increased significantly after CC. Both LH and FSH response to exogenous GnRH was significantly attenuated after CC treatment. In anovulatory cycles, serum LH, FSH, and E 2 increased initially and then returned to baseline and remained unchanged for the ensuing 40 days. Conclusions Clomiphene citrate-induced ovulation in women with PCOS is accompanied by increased secretion of LH and FSH with enhanced estrogen secretion. The increased LH pulse amplitude after CC, together with decreased pituitary sensitivity to GnRH, suggests a hypothalamic effect.
Class and Politics

In preindustrial Britain, Parliament was mainly concerned with foreign affairs and keeping the domestic peace, and its work did not affect the majority of Englishmen. More important to the common people was the role of local government, where landowners ruled and tenants obeyed. Both in town and countryside, authority was in the hands of local elites, whether the squire, vicar, or urban guilds.
Bernie Bros and Woman Cards: Rhetorics of Sexism, Misogyny, and Constructed Masculinity in the 2016 Election

The 2008 election brought both subtly gendered criticisms and overtly sexist treatment of Hillary Clinton and Sarah Palin, forms of bias that are alive and well in the 2016 campaign cycle. Whether ...
The Moral Dimensions of Boredom: A Call for Research:

Despite the impressive progress that has been made on both the empirical and conceptual fronts of boredom research, there is one facet of boredom that has received remarkably little attention. This...
A New Approach to Automatic Memory Banking using Trace-Based Address Mining

Recent years have seen an increased deployment of FPGAs as programmable accelerators for improving the performance and energy efficiency of compute-intensive applications. A well-known "secret sauce" of achieving highly efficient FPGA acceleration is to create application-specific memory architecture that fully exploits the vast amounts of on-chip memory bandwidth provided by the reconfigurable fabric. In particular, memory banking is widely employed when multiple parallel memory accesses are needed to meet a demanding throughput constraint. In this paper we propose TraceBanking, a novel and flexible trace-driven address mining algorithm that can automatically generate efficient memory banking schemes by analyzing a stream of memory address bits. Unlike mainstream memory partitioning techniques that are based on static compile-time analysis, TraceBanking only relies on simple source-level instrumentation to provide the memory trace of interest without enforcing any coding restrictions. More importantly, our technique can effectively handle memory traces that exhibit either affine or non-affine access patterns, and produce efficient banking solutions with a reasonable runtime. Furthermore, TraceBanking can be used to process a reduced memory trace with the aid of an SMT prover to verify if the resulting banking scheme is indeed conflict free. Our experiments on Xilinx FPGAs show that TraceBanking achieves competitive performance and resource usage compared to the state-of-the-art across a set of real-life benchmarks with affine memory accesses. We also perform a case study on a face detection algorithm to show that TraceBanking is capable of generating a highly area-efficient memory partitioning based on a sequence of addresses without any obvious access patterns.
Constrained extremum seeking stabilization of systems not affine in control

Summary Recently, a form of extremum seeking for control (ESC) was developed for the stabilization of uncertain nonlinear systems. In ESC, the extremum seeker itself directly controls the systems through feedback rather than fine tuning a controller. The ESC results, and other related results, apply only to systems affine in control. However, in most physical systems, the control effort enters the system's dynamics through a nonlinear function, such as an input with deadzone and saturation. In this work, we use our previous results on ESC to develop constrained extremum seeking stabilizing controllers for systems of practical interest that are nonaffine in control. Considering that any odd function can be approximated arbitrarily well by an odd polynomial, we present analytic results for designing controllers for systems in which control enters the system dynamics through an odd polynomial. Furthermore, we study the robustness of the scheme to uncertainty in the odd polynomial degree as well as robustness to even-powered perturbations.
Enumeration of Aerobic Plate Counts, Coliforms, and Escherichia coli of Organic Fruit Juice on Petrifilm

We will practice using Petrifilm to enumerate food microbial quality index including aerobic plate counts, coliform, and E. coli from organic fruit juice.
Leverage and the Regulatory Process

Regulation is a tool of government to help shape private behavior to meet public standards and carry out public purposes. Government uses regulation to correct market imperfections such as inadequate disclosure to investors or consumers, unfair shifting of costs to external parties such as when manufacturing firms adopt inexpensive means of production that result in costly pollution for other firms and people, or prejudice against disfavored groups—traditionally minorities and women—who then are excluded from participating in markets or activities on the basis of equal opportunity. Government also uses regulations to achieve social ends, such as by providing a government hiring preference for veterans or requiring a set-aside in government acquisitions for small business vendors. Finally, government uses regulation to standardize its own procedures in areas such as civil service, procurement, and budgeting.
Asylum applications respond to temperature fluctuations

International negotiations on climate change, along with recent upsurges in migration across the Mediterranean Sea, have highlighted the need to better understand the possible effects of climate change on human migration—in particular, across national borders. Here we examine how, in the recent past (2000–2014), weather variations in 103 source countries translated into asylum applications to the European Union, which averaged 351,000 per year in our sample. We find that temperatures that deviated from the moderate optimum (~20°C) increased asylum applications in a nonlinear fashion, which implies an accelerated increase under continued future warming. Holding everything else constant, asylum applications by the end of the century are predicted to increase, on average, by 28% (98,000 additional asylum applications per year) under representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenario 4.5 and by 188% (660,000 additional applications per year) under RCP 8.5 for the 21 climate models in the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX-GDDP).
Does Takeover Protection Matter? Evidence from a Natural Experiment

Shareholders’ updated valuation of internal slack reveals their revised assessment of potential agency conflicts. We study how the value of internal cash changes following state antitakeover regulation events. After carefully addressing the critiques of such experiments, we find that the value of cash increases following antitakeover law implementation, but there is considerable heterogeneity in how the value changes. Firms more susceptible to quiet-life agency problems show no increases in the market-assessed value of internal slack. Conversely, cash appreciates in companies where takeover protection helps bond important commitments with major counterparties. These findings hold across different measures of antitakeover protection events.
High-Efficiency Millimeter-Wave Single-Ended and Differential Fundamental Oscillators in CMOS

This paper reports an approach to designing compact high-efficiency millimeter-wave fundamental oscillators operating above the $f_{\text {max}}/2$ of the active device. The approach takes full consideration of the nonlinearity of the active device and the finite quality factor of the passive devices to provide an accurate and optimal oscillator design in terms of the output power and efficiency. The 213-GHz single-ended and differential fundamental oscillators in 65-nm CMOS technology are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Using a compact capacitive transformer design, the single-ended oscillator achieves 0.79-mW output power per transistor (16 $\mu \text{m}$ ) at 1-V supply and a peak dc-to-RF efficiency of 8.02% ( $V_{\mathrm{ DD}}=0.80$ V) within a core area of 0.0101 mm2, and a measured phase noise of −93.4 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset. The differential oscillator exhibits approximately the same performance. A 213-GHz fundamental voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a bulk tuning method is also demonstrated in this paper. The measured peak efficiency of the VCO is 6.02% with a tuning range of 2.3% at 0.6-V supply.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Uses of Pleuroscopy (Thoracoscopy) in Lung Cancer

Pleuroscopy (thoracoscopy) is a simple procedure to perform that has both diagnostic and therapeutic utility. With a diagnostic accuracy of 90 per cent, it should be readily performed by surgeons who treat patients with lung cancer. A well-performed pleuroscopy may spare many patients the morbidity of an unnecessary thoracotomy.
Control of Air Pollution Affecting or Caused by Agriculture

Air pollution is a serious environmental quality problem in the United States and many countries of the world. It is a problem of concern to both the developed and developing nations. The importance of the problem is shown by the increasing attention given by national and international organizations.
Plato’s Pythagorean Cosmos: Order and Chaos in the Intelligence of Natural Design

This chapter attempts to sort out the various difficulties that have haunted the concepts of order, entropy, design, and information in their relation to cosmological theories. In this effort, I utilize Plato’s tripartite organization of the forms of order to more precisely delineate the constraints and dispositions of a possible unified model. I also rely on the mathematical interpretation of Plato’s model by Leibniz to reconstruct Plato’s Pythagorean vision for modernity.
Evaluation of myosin light chain phosphorylation in isolated pancreatic acini

The role of contractile proteins in secretory granule exocytosis was evaluated by determining whether myosin light chain phosphorylation was altered during stimulation of secretion in mouse pancreatic acini. Acinar myosin was purified by extraction into isosmotic sucrose solution containing 40 mM pyrophosphate followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sepharose 4B-CL chromatography. Myosin was eluted as a single peak of K+-EDTA ATPase activity and was purified over 2,000-fold to a final ATPase specific activity of 0.96 mumol.min-1.mg protein-1. Three major myosin subunits of apparent Mr of 200,000, 20,000, and 17,000 were present in the purified myosin preparation. A fourth protein of Mr 21,000 was also present. Purification of myosin from 32P-labeled acini revealed the Mr 200,000, 21,000, and 20,000 proteins to be heavily labeled. The effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) on myosin phosphorylation was studied after isolation of myosin from 32P-labeled acinar lysates by immunoprecipitation. Treatment of acini for 1-10 min with a concentration of CCK-8 that gives a maximal secretory response caused a 25-40% increase in light chain labeling. Treatment with a supramaximal CCK-8 concentration produced a 50-80% increase in light chain labeling. Phosphorylation of myosin heavy chain was not significantly affected by secretagogue treatment. These results indicate that stimulation of pancreatic acinar secretion is accompanied by an increase in myosin light chain phosphorylation.
Cellular and Molecular Biology of Endothelial Cell Differentiation during Embryonic Development

How does the pattern of the rudiments of the major blood vessels establish itself in the developing embryo? To understand the cellular biology of these events we must know how the angioblasts, the precursors of endothelial cells, segregate from the mesoderm, migrate, and cohere to one another to form the cords and tubes which are the earliest embryonic blood vessels. We have been using a monoclonal antibody (QH-1) and microsurgery to determine where angioblasts originate and how they assemble into vessel rudiments (Coffin and Poole, 1988; Poole and Coffin, 1989; 1991). The extent and type of directed angioblast migration define three distinct modes of vessel morphogenesis (Poole and Coffin, 1991; Poole, 1993). Vessel rudiments may organize in place, a process termed vasculogenesis, either from angioblasts originating at the rudiment’s location (vasculogenesis type I) or from angioblasts which migrate as individual cells or small groups to that site from different locations (vasculogenesis type II). The dorsal aortae form by the first type of vasculogenesis (Coffin and Poole, 1988; DeRuiter et al., 1993; Pardanaud et al., 1987; Poole and Coffin, 1988; 1989; 1991). The endocardium, ventral aortae and posterior cardinal veins form by the second type (Coffin and Poole, 1991; DeRuiter et al., 1993; Drake and Jacobson, 1988; Poole and Coffin, 1991). New vessels may also form by sprouting from preexisting vessels, a process called angiogenesis. The intersomitic and vertebral arteries are the first vessels to form by angiogenesis, sprouting off the rudiments of the dorsal aortae (Coffin and Poole, 1988; Poole and Coffin, 1988; 1989; 1991). Figure 1 illustrates the different roles of endothelial cells in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.
Opinion: Risk to study nonparticipants: A procedural approach

Current ethical guidance for research on human subjects is primarily concerned with protecting study participants.* They are, after all, the “human subjects” whose interests are the focus of oversight. But research—whether on human subjects or not—may also strongly affect individuals who are not study participants. US law defines study participants as living people about whom data are obtained through intervention or interaction or about whom identifiable private information is collected (1). Many individuals about whom no data are obtained through intervention, interaction, or other means can be affected by a study. Research on human subjects can affect people other than the subjects. What protections are owed to study nonparticipants? Image courtesy of Dave Cutler (artist). A complex ethical question therefore arises. What protections are owed to study nonparticipants? Except in the case of fetuses (a relatively complex case in light of their debatable moral status), US law governing all federally funded research does not address risk to nonparticipants (1). Although guidance exists on specific risks—for example, risks from xenotransplantation trials to surrounding individuals and communities and risks from genetic studies to the privacy of relatives—a comprehensive approach or ethical theory is missing. Certainly there is no philosophical foundation that covers highly discrepant risks to third parties from infection, radiation, data exposure, stigmatization, a fully warranted bad name, and so forth. And reasoning in this area pays little attention to relevant normative work on risks to bystanders and collateral damage in tort law, just war theory, and other parallel discussions. Nor, finally, do we even know the scope and intensity of likely nonparticipant effects in typical research practice. It would be helpful to develop a comprehensive and consistent account of whether and when risks to nonparticipants make research activities illegitimate and which regulatory responses are appropriate. But how to develop … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: neyal{at}hsph.harvard.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Prostate MRI using an external phased array wearable pelvic coil at 3T: comparison with an endorectal coil

To evaluate T2w and DWI image quality using a wearable pelvic coil (WPC) compared with an endorectal coil (ERC). Twenty men consecutively presenting to our prostate cancer MRI clinic were prospectively consented to be scanned using a wearable pelvic coil then an endorectal coil and pelvic phased array coil at 3T. Eighteen patients were suitable for inclusion. Axial T2w images were obtained using the WPC and ERC, and DWI images were obtained using the WPC, ERC, and PPA. Analysis was performed in consensus by two readers with experience in prostate MRI. The readers scored the T2w images using six qualitative criteria and the DWI images using five criteria. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was also measured. T2w artifact severity was greater for an ERC than a WPC (p = 0.003). There was no significant difference in T2w qualititatve image quality by other measures. The distinction of zonal anatomy on DWI was superior for an ERC compared with both a WPC and a PPA (p = 0.018 and p < 0.001 respectively), and there was no significant difference in DWI image quality by other measures. SNR was significantly higher for ERC imaging for both T2w and DWI. WPC imaging provides comparable image quality to that of an ERC, potentially reducing the need for an ERC. WPC imaging shows reduced T2w artifact severity and inferior DWI zonal anatomy distinction compared with an ERC. Imaging with a WPC produces a lower SNR than an ERC.
Evaluating the use of text message communication in a postpartum patient navigation program for publicly insured women.

Abstract Objective To compare communication between navigators and women according to follow-up status in a postpartum patient navigation program (“Navigating New Motherhood” [NNM]). Methods This is a mixed methods secondary analysis of text message and email transcripts from NNM. Transcripts were analyzed by number of messages sent, received, and unanswered. Message themes were qualitatively analyzed using constant comparative technique. Bivariable and multivariable tests were conducted. Results Most women (98.2%) communicated with navigators via text message. Women who completed postpartum follow-up sent and received more texts than women who did not (7.8 vs. 3.7, p Conclusion More frequent and multidimensional communication was associated with follow-up in a postpartum patient navigation program. Practice Implications Text messaging can serve as a favorable communication platform within patient navigation.
Visualization and quantum computation of Moiré superconductivity in bilayer graphene, carbon nanocones and nanostrips

The purpose of this project is to visualize and study the electronic properties of carbon nanostructures. The principal structures studied are AA and AB (Bernal) stacked graphene bilayers, an 80C nanocone with pentagonal defects at its apex, and a 16C nanoring. Graphene and other based nanostructures have attracted much attention due to their unique electronic properties. For example, bilayer graphene shows superconductivity at certain magic angles of rotation. Open source molecular modeling and visualization programs like SAMSON, Avogadro, and VMD are utilized to generate the structures above. Using bond information in order to find nearest neighbors, an adjacency matrix can be generated from which the energy eigenvalues are solvable and are used to visualize the dispersion relation, free energy, persistent current, Green’s function, and entanglement entropy. The goal of this project is to study the effect of rotation on the electronic properties of bilayer graphene, particularly as it pertains to the magic angle where superconductivity occurs, as well as the electronic properties of the bilayer Moire patterns which emerge due to the superposition of the identical lattices at different angles. An important goal is to incorporate phonon interactions into the tight-binding model for carbon structures, and to utilize quantum based computing as a tool to find the ground state properties of these structures, particularly in the terminating case where boundary conditions have an effect.
Transgressing boundaries between film and music videos: Smarzowski, Kolski, and music videos in Poland

While the investigation of how directors utilise popular music in their films has enjoyed relative popularity among Polish scholars, the way in which contemporary filmmakers transgress boundaries b...