cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dysbiosis of the Fecal Microbiota in Cattle Infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

Johne's disease (JD) is a chronic, intestinal infection of cattle, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). It results in granulomatous inflammation of the intestinal lining, leading to malabsorption, diarrhea, and weight loss. Crohn’s disease (CD), a chronic, inflammatory gastrointestinal disease of humans, has many clinical and pathologic similarities to JD. Dysbiosis of the enteric microbiota has been demonstrated in CD patients. It is speculated that this dysbiosis may contribute to the intestinal inflammation observed in those patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diversity patterns of fecal bacterial populations in cattle infected with MAP, compared to those of uninfected control cattle, using phylogenomic analysis. Fecal samples were selected to include samples from 20 MAP-positive cows; 25 MAP-negative herdmates; and 25 MAP-negative cows from a MAP-free herd. The genomic DNA was extracted; PCR amplified sequenced on a 454 Roche platform, and analyzed using QIIME. Approximately 199,077 reads were analyzed from 70 bacterial communities (average of 2,843 reads/sample). The composition of bacterial communities differed between the 3 treatment groups (P < 0.001; Permanova test). Taxonomic assignment of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified 17 bacterial phyla across all samples. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes constituted more than 95% of the bacterial population in the negative and exposed groups. In the positive group, lineages of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria increased and those of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes decreased (P < 0.001). Actinobacteria was highly abundant (30% of the total bacteria) in the positive group compared to exposed and negative groups (0.1–0.2%). Notably, the genus Arthrobacter was found to predominate Actinobacteria in the positive group. This study indicates that MAP-infected cattle have a different composition of their fecal microbiota than MAP-negative cattle.
Use of full-fat soybeans as a source of rumen bypass polyunsaturated fatty acids for beef cattle finishing diets

50 INTRœUCTICN 52 MATERIALS AND METHODS 54 Experimental Design 54 Feeding and Management 56 Tissue Saropling 56 Biopsies 56 Slaughter sanples 57 Duodenal ingesta 57 Lipid Analyses 58 Preparation of samples 58 Caicosition of fatty acids 59 Statistical Analyses 59
Analysis of a planetary-rotation system for evaporated optical coatings

The impact of planetary design considerations for optical coating deposition is analyzed, including the ideal number of planets, variations in system performance, and the deviation of planet motion from the ideal. System capacity is maximized for four planets, although substrate size can significantly influence this result. Guidance is provided in the design of high-performance deposition systems based on the relative impact of different error modes. Errors in planet mounting such that the planet surface is not perpendicular to the axis of rotation are particularly problematic, suggesting planetary design modifications would be appropriate.
Reweaving a Grammar for Wambaya

This paper presents a case study in grammar engineering for linguistic hypothesis testing, focusing on the treatment of second position auxiliaries in an HPSG grammar for Wambaya. A detailed comparison of two versions of this grammar highlights the interconnetedness of linguistic phenomena, the model-dependence of linguisic analyses, and the value of computational support in calculating the consequences of differing analytical choices.
Exon 2 of Foxp3 contributes to the peripheral tolerance of the immune system

Foxp3 is essential for the development and function of CD4 regulatory T cells (Tregs) that maintain peripheral immune tolerance. A major difference of Foxp3 expression between human and mouse is the alternative splicing of exon 2 in human Tregs. In vitro studies showed that the exon 2 region of Foxp3 associates and inhibits the transcription factors RORα and RORγt, which are critical for Th17 differentiation. However the in vivo role of exon 2 is still unknown. By deleting exon 2 of mouse Foxp3 gene (dE2), we show here that peripheral and mesenteric lymph nodes of dE2 mice contained about twice amount of lymphocytes when compared with wildtype mice due to the higher level of CD4 T cell activation and proliferation. Exon 2 deletion resulted in more severe air way inflammation in OVA-induced chronic asthma, characterized by higher number of lymphocytes and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage, and high level of OVA-specific serum IgE. CD4 T cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes of dE2 mice expressed higher IL-4, IL-9 and IFN-γ, but surprisingly not IL-17, compared with those in wild type mice. These data indicate that Foxp3 exon 2 is important in maintaining proper functions of peripheral Tregs, and thus contributes to the peripheral tolerance to dampen allergic inflammation against harmless antigens.
Direct Numerical Simulation of Acoustic Noise Generation from the Nozzle Wall of a Hypersonic Wind Tunnel

The acoustic radiation from the turbulent boundary layer on the nozzle wall of a Mach 6 Ludwieg Tube is simulated using Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS), with the flow conditions falling within the operational range of the Mach 6 Hypersonic Ludwieg Tube, Braunschweig (HLB). The mean and turbulence statistics of the nozzle-wall boundary layer show good agreement with those predicted by Pate's correlation and Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computations. The rms pressure fluctuation P'(rms)/T(w) plateaus in the freestream core of the nozzle. The intensity of the freestream noise within the nozzle is approximately 20% higher than that radiated from a single at pate with a similar freestream Mach number, potentially because of the contributions to the acoustic radiation from multiple azimuthal segments of the nozzle wall.
When Are Good Service Jobs Profitable

Can well-paying and satisfying jobs accompany, or lead to, profitability in low- cost service sector? While the value of human resource practices that promote employee satisfaction are established ...
A Short Presentation of the Land Change Modeler (LCM)

The Land Change Modeler is a land change projection tool for land planning. It uses historical land cover change to empirically model the relationship between land cover transitions and explanatory variables to map future scenarios of change.
Moderate-Throughput Identification and Comparison of Campylobacter-Infecting Bacteriophages

Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne infection due to its ability to asymptomatically colonize agricultural animals. In addition to its prevalence, Campylobacter is becoming increasingly resistant to the clinical antibiotics, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin. As a result, public health agencies have identified drug resistant Campylobacter as a serious threat to public health and have suggested combating the pathogen at the farm-level by reducing its burden within agricultural animal reservoirs. Due to antibiotic restrictions in agricultural animals, reducing Campylobacter burden on the farm requires the identification and development of novel approaches. To this end, our group employed a broad sampling strategy to isolate a diverse collection of bacteriophages that can predate Campylobacter. We successfully isolated 70 bacteriophages from these samples and subjected them to whole-genome sequencing and initial comparative genomic analysis. Following this analysis, we performed dose-response assays by adding increasing concentrations of bacteriophage to C. jejuni cultures. From this work, we were able to identify diverse phage groups from multiple sources that correlated with robust inhibition of C. jejuni growth. Lastly, we employed transmission electron microscopy to examine the morphology of these bacteriophages and were able to confirm that genetic diversity reflected morphological diversity in these bacteriophages.
Motile Collectors: Platelets Promote Innate Immunity

Platelets migrate in vitro but the significance of platelet migration in vivo remains unclear. In a recent issue of Cell, Gaertner et al. (2017) demonstrate that active platelet migration in vivo promotes mechano-scavenging of bacterial pathogens and neutrophil activation.
Replacement as personal haunting in recent postmemory works

Recent postmemory works register the transgenerational effects of trauma in the wake of the Second World War. This chapter examines how Treichel’s Lost, Spiegelman’s Maus II and Overath’s Nahe Tage describe the psychological effects of replacement in children who, in the eyes of their parents, stand in for a lost child or a lost home. While cognisant of specific historical legacies that locate the parents’ trauma within the spectrum of the victim-perpetrator imaginary, these texts articulate commonalities in the ways replacement children are implicated in a history of perpetration that haunts them in the form of psychosomatic symptoms. They locate the irreducible charge assigned to each individual in the historical texture, yet challenge reductive subject positions, such as perpetrator and victim, along with the conception of the implicated subject.
Structural Stability of Rhodopsin and Opsin Studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

The thermal stability of opsin and rhodopsin in disk membranes of bovine retinal rod cell outer segments has been examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Consistent data is obtained when all parameters of the membrane preparation are carefully reproduced. Calorimetric parameters for opsin and rhodopsin vary as a function of scan rate, membrane concentration and pH. Binding of retinal imparts a stabilization to the protein structure indicated by a temperature of thermal denaturation (Tm) of 71.4oC for rhodopsin as compared to 55.3°C for opsin. Similarly, the ΔHcal for rhodopsin (167 kcal/mole) is 43 kcal/mole higher than that for opsin (124 kcal/mole). By contrast, a much smaller effect is obtained in samples subjected to limited proteolysis indicating that the membrane-embedded portion of the protein lends quantitatively more stability to the protein than does its cytoplasmic surface. DSC confirms that the pH of maximal stability of both opsin and rhodopsin is 6.1. DSC can be used successfully to examine stability of rhodopsin in detergent solution. In membrane suspensions, membrane-membrane interactions are indicated by a dependence of ΔHcal on the membrane concentration. Intermolecular interactions within the disk membrane are indicated by a dependence of opsin’s ΔHcal on the extent of bleaching of the membrane suspension.
Sex and Sexuality

“It’s gotten better and better.” That’s what most women say. Better than what? Where did they start from, these midlife women? Where have they gone?
Chitosan-based nanoformulated (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) modulates human keratinocyte-induced responses and alleviates imiquimod-induced murine psoriasiform dermatitis

Background Psoriasis is a chronic and currently incurable inflammatory skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation, aberrant differentiation, and inflammation, leading to disrupted skin barrier function. The use of natural agents that can abrogate these effects could be useful for the treatment of psoriasis. Earlier studies have shown that treatment of keratinocytes and mouse skin with the green tea polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) mitigated inflammation and increased the expression of caspase-14 while promoting epidermal differentiation and cornification. However, bioavailability issues have restricted the development of EGCG for the treatment of psoriasis.
Abstract 710: Deficiency of IL12p40 Promotes Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is caused by the immune and inflammatory cell accumulation of the aortic wall, leading to enhanced inflammation and aneurysm formation. Our recent stud...
Clinical Challenges in the Psychoanalytic Treatment of ADHD Patients: A Commentary on Dr. Whitman’s Case Presentation

This discussion focuses on a two-year psychoanalytic treatment case of a college student diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) presented by a psychoanalytic training instit...
Discrete Time Adaptive Predictive Control

A brief overview of parameter adaptive control is given. A new estimation algorithm and an approach for analyzing the stability of adaptive systems is presented. The method uses the stabilizing property of the controller (or equivalently an invertibility condition) and an average small gain property of the adaptive estimator. The proposed estimation algorithm is combined with a finite horizon predictive controller. Optimization objectives and constraints can be included since the control action results from solving an LP rather than from an explicit calculation. Finally we discuss the application of the proposed approach to the Shell Workshop Problem.
Rethinking Graduate School Research Genres: Communicating With Industry, Writing to Learn:

Technical and professional communication master’s students work with a faculty advisor to complete a three-credit independent research (IR) project, featuring original research. Stakeholders recomm...
New Urban Spaces: Urban Theory and the Scale Question

We are living in an urban age. Today, for the first time in history, a majority of people live in cities. At the turn of the last century, only one tenth of the world population lived in cities; by...
The value of testicular biopsy in cryptorchidism

The prognostic value of testicular biopsies in cryptorchidism has been assessed in 24 children who have now reached adulthood. A significant positive correlation between the number of germ cells (S/T) in the biopsy and sperm count as well as number of normal sperm forms (NF) was found (p <5%, Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient). Thus, the testicular biopsy performed during orchiopexy is of prognostic value. The S/T, sperm count × 106 ml and NF were negatively correlated to basal plasma LH and FSH in adulthood (p <5%). A positive correlation was found between plasma testosterone and NF in ejaculates (p <5%). The hormonal findings suggest that in cryptorchid adults a serious tubular damage is related to an impaired Leydig cell function. The prognostic value with respect to fertility and the possibility of discovering carcinoma in situ cells justify a testicular biopsy in cryptorchid boys.
Cost Optimization in the (S-1, S) Backorder Inventory Model with Two Demand Classes and Rationing

Within the framework of continuous-review (S-1, S) inventory systems with rationing and back-orders, there are two streams of studies in the literature that involve optimization models. In the first stream, service level optimizations are studied for which exact optimization routines are provided. The second stream of studies involves cost optimization models, which relies on optimizing approximate cost models rather than the original cost model. Our main contribution in this study is to fill this research gap by providing a computationally efficient and exact optimization algorithm for determining the optimal policy parameters which minimizes the expected cost rate per unit time. One important aspect of our method is that, as the base-stock level is increased by 1 as the iteration continues, the steady-state probabilities need to be calculated only once in our optimization routine (for which the rationing level equals to zero). For the given base-stock level, the cost measures of all other policy parameters can be computed immediately through the knowledge of the probabilities computed in previous iterations. This result significantly reduces the computational complexity of the optimization routine. In the numerical study section, we show the efficiency of the proposed optimization routine under varying system parameters.
Genomic Risk Prediction of Recurrent Cardiovascular Diseases in the UK Biobank

Polygenic risk score (PRS) shows promise in predicting the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) based on the genotypes of an individual, but most analyses have traditionally focused on the diseases’ onset. The usefulness of PRS to predict recurrence remains unclear. In this study, we built a meta-PRSCVD upon the candidate PRSs developed from state-of-the-art PRS methods for three CVD subtypes of significant importance: coronary artery disease (CAD), ischemic stroke, and heart failure. To evaluate the prediction performance of the meta-PRSCVD, we restricted our analysis to 24,704 white British CAD patients in the UK Biobank, among which 6,999 had CVD recurrent events. Results showed that the meta-PRSCVDwas significantly associated with CVD recurrence with a hazard ratio per standard deviation increase of 1.24 (95% CI: 1.20-1.27). After adjustment for age, sex, and the first ten principal components of genotypes, the meta-PRSCVD predicted the recurrence with an AUC of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.62-0.66). When restricted to the early-onset patients (onset age <= 55), the AUC was further increased to 0.75 (95% CI 0.72-0.78). Our results highlight the potential role of genomic screening for secondary preventions of CVD, especially among early-onset CAD patients.
Potential Bias in Image-Guided Procedure Research: A Retrospective Analysis of Disclosed Conflicts of Interest and Open Payment Records.

PURPOSE To assess the prevalence of positive conflict of interest (COI) disclosures in U.S.-based interventional radiology (IR) research as well as the level of agreement between disclosed financial relationships and open payment data for top-cited image-guided procedure research. MATERIALS AND METHODS All publications in volume 30 (2019) of the Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (JVIR) were reviewed to estimate the prevalence of COI disclosures in IR research. Publications were categorized as primary research, systematic review, or other. Prevalence was then compared across JVIR publication subtype, categories, and whether they were device-focused with chi-squared tests. Additionally, the Web of Science database was searched for the top 10 cited studies of 10 common image-guided procedures with available U.S. physician payment data. Payments were categorized as historical (>1 year prior to publication) or active (<1 year prior to publication) and compared to disclosed financial COIs with one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Positive COI disclosures were present in 29% (114 of 397) of publications in JVIR volume 30. Positive COI disclosures were most prevalent in Standards of Practice (50%, p = 0.01) and more prevalent in device-focused publications (54% vs 23%, p < 0.01). Among the 396 authors of 100 U.S.-based top-cited image-guided procedure publications, 383 (97%) failed to disclose at least one active financial relationship, with an average of $57,937 in undisclosed payments per publication. CONCLUSION Conflicts of interest are prevalent in IR, like other areas of healthcare research, and conflicts of interest in top-cited image-guided procedure research are often underreported.
Effects of Molybdenum on Reproduction and Molybdenum/Copper Enzyme Activity in the Female Rat

According to Wei et al1 molybdenum (Mo) inhibits mammary tumors. Analogies have been drawn between carcinogenesis and embryogenesis. The effect of Mo on non-ruminant reproduction has not been extensively investigated. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary levels of Mo on the estrus cycle, fertility, and reproduction and some molybdenum and Copper (Cu) enzyme activity in the female rat.
Radical Cystectomy with Ileal Conduit Urinary Diversion in a Patient with a Left Ventricular Assist Device

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is an option for the surgical management of severe heart failure, and radical cystectomy remains the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Given a complicated population in terms of comorbidities and management for patients with an LVAD, there is little experience with major urologic procedures, which require balancing the benefits of surgery with considerable perioperative risks. We report our experience performing the first radical cystectomy with ileal conduit in a patient with an LVAD and muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Appearance and persistence of hepatitis A IgM antibody in acute clinical hepatitis A observed in an outbreak.

143 patients with acute hepatitis A observed during a common source outbreak were tested for IgM class antibody to hepatitis A virus (IgM anti-HAV) by commercially available solid phase radioimmunoassays. All patients were IgM anti-HAV positive though six of them were initially negative when tested within three days after the onset of symptoms. The levels of IgM anti-HAV peaked two to four weeks after onset, and declined gradually thereafter. The probability of IgM anti-HAv positivity was 25% at the end of the sixth month, and 3.4% at the end of the ninth month after onset. No significant sex or age difference in the persistence of IgM anti-HAV was observed. It was suggested that the timing of the assay and the level of IgM anti-HAV should be considered in the etiological diagnosis of acute hepatitis.
Zeolite-templated electrocatalysts for fuel cells

Abstract A method for the preparation of size-controlled Pt clusters on nanostructured carbon is described. The carbon possesses tunable micro- and meso-porosity, and forms an integrated matrix around the size-controlled Pt clusters. The process involves stabilization of Pt clusters in a zeolite host, pore-filling of the host with a carbon precursor, pyrolysis, and removal of the host. The properties of the catalysts vary over a wide range depending on the precise synthesis conditions. On one end of the spectrum, Pt clusters as small as 1.4 nm (average), with narrow size distribution in intimate contact with a predominantly microporous carbon network are obtained; on the other end, Pt clusters of average size 2.0 nm were obtained within a hybrid microporous/mesoporous carbon matrix. Low-angle X-ray diffraction shows periodic nanostructuring (d∼ 1.4 nm) for Pt/C with Pt loadings ≤ 17 wt.-%, which is confirmed by TEM imaging. Electrochemical evaluation showed these catalysts to have high electro-active surface areas, and to be at least as active as a commercial Pt/C in the reduction of oxygen.
Characterization of the Membrane Protein Component of the Lactose Transport System of Escherichia coli

Abstract The membrane-localized lactose permease protein of Escherichia coli (M protein), which is the product of the y gene of the lac operon, was specifically labeled with radioactive N-ethylmaleimide. The labeled protein was effectively extracted from the particulate, membrane-containing fraction only in the presence of detergents, one of the most effective of which was sodium dodecyl sulfate. During electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels in buffers containing sodium dodecyl sulfate, the labeled M protein ran as a single peak. Under these conditions, which promote the dissociation of many proteins into subunits, its molecular weight is about 30,000 as determined from its relative electrophoretic mobility. Chromatography of extracts of membrane proteins on Sephadex G-150 equilibrated with buffers containing sodium dodecyl sulfate was found to be a useful method of fractionation, which also leads to an effective separation of phospholipid from these proteins. Analysis on Sephadex G-150 confirms the value of about 30,000 for the molecular weight of the labeled M protein in buffer containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. The amount of M protein in cells grown on labeled amino acids, using gel electrophoresis to locate the protein, was estimated to be about twice that of thiogalactoside acetylase.
Completeness And Soundness Of Axiomatizations For Temporal Logics Without Next

We present axiomatizations for Until Temporal Logic (UTL) and for Since/Until Temporal Logic (SUTL). These logics are intended for use in specifying and reasoning about concurrent systems. They employ neither a next nor a previous operator, which obstruct the use of hierarchical abstraction and refinement, and make reasoning about concurrency difficult. We also provide a procedure for translating SUTL formulas into UTL formulas, and demonstrate that the axiomatizations are sound and complete with respect to the class of ω-sequences. We show, however, that the axiomatization of UTL admits models that the axiomatization of SUTL does not, thereby demonstrating that the logics are not equivalent.
Reversal of dopamine system dysfunction in response to high‐fat diet

Objective To test whether high-fat diet (HFD) decreases dopaminergic tone in reward regions of the brain and evaluate whether these changes reverse after removal of the HFD. Design and Methods Male and female mice were fed a 60% HFD for 12 weeks. An additional group was evaluated 4 weeks after removal of the HFD. These groups were compared with control fed, age-matched controls. Sucrose and saccharin preference was measured along with mRNA expression of dopamine (DA)-related genes by Real Time-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). DA and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. DNA methylation of the dopamine transporter (DAT) promoter was measured by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and RT-qPCR. Results After chronic HFD, sucrose preference was reduced, and then normalized after removal of the HFD. Decreased expression of DA genes, decreased DA content and alterations in DAT promoter methylation, was observed. Importantly, response to HFD and the persistence of changes depended on sex and brain region. Conclusions These data identify diminished DA tone after early-life chronic HFD with a complex pattern of reversal and persistence that varies by both sex and brain region. Central nervous system changes that did not reverse after HFD withdrawal may contribute to the difficulty in maintaining weight-loss after diet intervention.
Towards real time epidemiology: data assimilation, modeling and anomaly detection of health surveillance data streams

An integrated quantitative approach to data assimilation, prediction and anomaly detection over real-time public health surveillance data streams is introduced. The importance of creating dynamical probabilistic models of disease dynamics capable of predicting future new cases from past and present disease incidence data is emphasized. Methods for real-time data assimilation, which rely on probabilistic formulations and on Bayes' theorem to translate between probability densities for new cases and for model parameters are developed. This formulation creates future outlook with quantified uncertainty, and leads to natural anomaly detection schemes that quantify and detect disease evolution or population structure changes. Finally, the implementation of these methods and accompanying intervention tools in real time public health situations is realized through their embedding in state of the art information technology and interactive visualization environments.
A novel GABA receptor on bipolar cell terminals in the tiger salamander retina

We studied the pharmacology of the GABA receptors on bipolar cell terminals in the retinal slice preparation. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made from the somas of bipolar cells and GABA was puffed near their terminals, after synaptic transmission was blocked. GABA puffs evoked a large chloride current that was reduced by picrotoxin, but in many cells this current was insensitive to blockade by the competitive GABAA receptor antagonists bicuculline and SR95531. Pentobarbital, an enhancer of GABAA receptor-mediated responses, did not significantly increase the magnitude of the current responses to GABA puffed at the bipolar cell terminals. To confirm the effectiveness of GABAA antagonists and pentobarbital in the slice preparation, we measured GABA currents in ganglion cells. In contrast to bipolar cells, the ganglion cell GABA responses were strongly reduced by both bicuculline and SR95531. In addition, pentobarbital strongly enhanced the action of GABA at the ganglion cells. The isomeric GABA agonists cis- and transaminocrotonic acid (CACA and TACA), elicited picrotoxin- sensitive currents in both bipolar and ganglion cells. TACA was more effective than CACA at both cell types. In bipolar cells, TACA and CACA currents were relatively resistant to bicuculline blockade, but in ganglion cells both currents were reduced by bicuculline. GABA receptors on bipolar terminals appear to be pharmacologically different from the GABA receptors found on ganglion cell dendrites. The bipolar cell terminal GABA receptor pharmacology is similar to the pharmacology reported for the rho 1 GABA receptor subunit that was isolated from retina and expressed in Xenopus oocytes (Cutting et al., 1991; Polenzani et al., 1991; Shimada et al., 1992). This receptor, which is both bicuculline and pentobarbital insensitive, has been called the GABAC receptor (Johnston, 1986; Shimada et al., 1992). However, some bipolar cells were somewhat sensitive to blockade by bicuculline, suggesting that these cells had both GABAA and GABAC receptors on their bipolar terminals.
INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM OF DIPLOCOCCUS GLYCINOPHILUS II. Enzymes of the Acetate-Generating System

Klein, Sigrid M. (Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah) and Richard D. Sagers. Intermediary metabolism of Diplococcus glycinophilus. II. Enzymes of the acetate-generating system. J. Bacteriol. 83:121-126. 1962-The enzymatic steps in the conversion of glycine to acetate by Diplococcus glycinophilus were examined and the reaction rates of the individual steps compared with the maximal glycine fermentation rate by whole cells. Glycine is oxidatively cleaved to one-carbon units with the alpha carbon being transferred to tetrahydrofolate at the oxidation level of formaldehyde. The activated one-carbon unit is condensed with a second glycine molecule to form serine which is then deaminated to pyruvate. Pyruvate gives rise to acetyl units as acetyl coenzyme A and acetyl phosphate. The latter compound reacts with adenosine diphosphate to yield acetate and adenosine triphosphate, providing the main energy-yielding reaction in the fermentation. The enzyme systems discussed together with their specific activities (mumoles substrate acted upon per hr per mg protein) are as follows: serine aldolase, 9 to 12; serine dehydrase, 180; pyruvate-oxidizing and acyl unit-generating system, 96; phosphotransacetylase, 96; acetokinase, 3,600. The high activity of the acetokinase system may tend to pull the entire reaction series in the direction of acetate and adenosine triphosphate generation. In all cases the reaction rates of the individual enzyme systems were equal to or significantly greater than the over-all glycine fermentation rate by whole cells (9 mumoles per hr per mg protein). If coupled together, these enzymes could account for the fermentation of glycine to acetate, CO(2), and ammonia and could account for the conversion of 2-labeled glycine to doubly-labeled acetate as demonstrated in previous tracer studies.
Thinking through Television: Components of a viewing culture

The social experience of people who watch television has not been conceptualized or documented adequately by social theorists, social scientists, or, more recently, by cultural studies analysts. In contrast to earlier sociological views, cultural studies does, in fact, accord television watching a legitimate place in its account of power, but it fails to adequately theorize the context of television watching as a new and distinctive cultural form. While cultural studies tends to examine texts as exemplars of ideology or discursive power, understanding them in terms of the social and historical conditions under which they are produced, I argue that, unless critical analysts generate categories of reception, of use, that can document the social function of television, the emphasis on textual reading among audience members remains incomplete and perhaps misses what is arguably most important about television use. I use the construct of sociality to incorporate and move beyond ideas about discourse and textuality, and to systematically explore how television is used in ways that allow me to focus on more than just the dynamics of power and resistance, at least as they have typically been formulated in cultural studies' accounts. My strategy is to work through ideas about power by grounding them empirically in reconstructions of the practical uses that people make of television on a day-to-day basis. The social world of television use is no doubt a complicated one.
Bordetella petrii recovered from chronic pansinusitis in an adult with cystic fibrosis

To date Bordetella petrii has infrequently been identified within the clinical setting likely due to the asaccharolytic nature of this organism. We present a case of B. petrii recovered on two separate events in a patient with adult cystic fibrosis experiencing chronic pansinusitis.
Structure and Process in Guijiro Society

Jean-Guy Goulet. El Universo Social. Religioso Guajiro. Maracaibo-Caracas, Biblioteca Corpozulia, 1981. 452 pp. (paper).
Gray's Herbarium to the Gray Herbarium to the Harvard University Herbaria

Abstract. When a young, enthusiastic Asa Gray came to Cambridge in 1842, he brought with him a small but significant collection of herbarium specimens. Some twenty years later, he bequeathed that collection, then numbering some 200,000, to Harvard University. The subsequent growth and direction of “Gray's Herbarium,” and its transformations to the Gray Herbarium and the Harvard University Herbaria, are discussed with respect to five of its Curators and Directors: Sereno Watson, Benjamin L. Robinson, Charles A. Weatherby, Merritt L. Fernald, and Reed C. Rollins.
Supercritical CO2-assisted electrospinning

Polymer fibers of high molecular weight polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and poly (d,l-lactic acid) (PLA) were produced using only electrostatic forces and without the use of a liquid solvent. The fibers were formed between two electrodes in a high-pressure view cell. A polymer sample was placed on a grounded electrode and a second, counter electrode was placed at high potential. The polymer was observed as the thermodynamic conditions (e.g. temperature, CO2 pressure) and potential difference were varied. At a CO2 temperature and pressure above the critical point, but well below the single-phase region, polymer fibers formed between the grounded electrode and the high voltage counter electrode. It is surmised that the supercritical CO2 reduces the polymer viscosity sufficiently to allow fibers to be electrostatically pulled from an un-dissolved bulk polymer sample.
Expression of anger: its relationship to assertion and social desirability among college women.

The Anger Expression Scale, the Assertion Inventory, and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale were administered to 282 college women as part of a larger study. Significant Pearson product-moment correlations were obtained. The Anger-in (Suppression) subscale of the Anger Expression Scale was positively related to the Assertion Inventory. The Anger-out (Expression) subscale was uncorrelated with the Assertion Inventory. Both inventories were inversely related to the Marlowe-Crowne scores. These findings suggest that more unassertive scores are related to higher levels of Anger-in (Suppression) and lower levels of Anger-out (Expression). Both inventories seem somewhat susceptible to social desirability responding.
Synthesis of Quaternary α-Methyl α-Amino Acids by Asymmetric Alkylation of Pseudoephenamine Alaninamide Pivaldimine

The utility of pseudoephenamine as a chiral auxiliary for the alkylative construction of quaternary α-methyl α-amino acids is demonstrated. The method is notable for the high diastereoselectivities of the alkylation reactions, for its versatility with respect to electrophilic substrate partners, and for its mild hydrolysis conditions, which provide α-amino acids without salt contaminants. Alternatively, α-amino esters can be obtained by direct alcoholysis.
Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Ceratitis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The Afrotropical fruit fly genus Ceratitis MacLeay is an economically important group that comprises over 89 species, subdivided into six subgenera. Cladistic analyses of morphological and host use characters have produced several phylogenetic hypotheses for the genus. Only monophyly of the subgenera Pardalaspis and Ceratitis (sensu stricto) and polyphyly of the subgenus Ceratalaspis are common to all of these phylogenies. In this study, the hypotheses developed from morphological and host use characters are tested using gene trees produced from DNA sequence data of two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase I and NADH-dehydrogenase subunit 6) and a nuclear gene (period). Comparison of gene trees indicates the following relationships: the subgenus Pardalaspis is monophyletic, subsection A of the subgenus Pterandrus is monophyletic, the subgenus Pterandrus may be either paraphyletic or polyphyletic, the subgenus Ceratalaspis is polyphyletic, and the subgenus Ceratitis s. s. might not be monophyletic. In addition, the genera Ceratitis and Trirhithrum do not form reciprocally monophyletic clades in the gene trees. Although the data statistically reject monophyly for Trirhithrum under the Shimodaira-Hasegawa test, they do not reject monophyly of Ceratitis.
Clinician recognition of anxiety disorders in depressed outpatients.

The recognition of anxiety disorders in depressed patients has potential clinical significance because their presence predicts poorer outcome and may influence treatment selection. In routine clinical settings, an unstructured diagnostic interview is typically used to assess patients at the initiation of treatment. Unstructured interviews, however, may result in missed diagnoses, with potential negative clinical consequences. The goals of the present study were to examine whether anxiety disorders are less frequently identified using a routine unstructured clinical evaluation than a semi-structured diagnostic interview in patients with a principal diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD), and to determine patients’ desire for treatment for comorbid anxiety disorders. Psychiatric outpatients with MDD were evaluated with either a semi-structured or an unstructured diagnostic interview. Current DSM-IV anxiety disorder diagnoses were compared in the two, nonoverlapping, groups of depressed psychiatric outpatients seen in the same practice setting. Patients with comorbid anxiety disorders who were interviewed with the semi-structured interview were asked if they wanted treatment to address their anxiety symptoms. Individuals interviewed with the semi-structured interview were diagnosed with significantly more current anxiety disorders than individuals who were assessed with an unstructured interview. There was variability in patients’ desire for treatment of the different anxiety disorders, though for each disorder the majority of patients wanted treatment to address the anxiety symptoms. In psychiatric outpatients with a principal diagnosis of MDD psychiatrists underrecognize anxiety disorder comorbidity for which patients want treatment.
Neural circuit analysis of spatial working memory: Role of pre‐ and parasubiculum, medial and lateral entorhinal cortex

Using a continuous recognition memory procedure for spatial location information, rats were given sequential presentation of individual arms on a 12-arm maze. Each arm contained a Froot Loop reinforcement the first time it was presented, and latency to traverse the arm was measured. A subset of the arms were repeated, but did not contain reinforcement. Repeated arms were presented with lags ranging from zero to six (from zero to six different arm presentations occurred between the first and repeated presentation). After completion of acquisition training (significantly longer latencies for repeated arms in comparison with the first presentation of an arm), rats received lesions of the medial or lateral entorhinal cortex, pre- and parasubiculum, or served as sham-operated controls. Based on continued postsurgery training and additional tests, the results indicated that rats with pre- and parasubiculum or pre- and parasubiculum plus medial entorhinal cortex produced sustained impairment in performing the task. Medial or lateral entorhinal cortex and control lesions did not display any sustained deficits. The data suggest that working memory for spatial location information is mediated primarily by the pre- and parasubiculum, but not medial entorhinal and lateral entorhinal cortex.
Respiratory regulation and the role of the blood in the burrowing shrimp Callianassa californiensis (Decapoda: Thalassinidae)

Questions relating to oxygen extraction and hemolymph oxygen transport have been investigated in the burrowing shrimp Callianassa californiensis Dana. The relationship of oxygen consumption to oxygen tension was determined in intermolt and postmolt shrimp. Soft postmolt individuals had higher rates of oxygen consumption and a somewhat lower critical oxygen tension than intermolt specimens. Both oxygen-carrying capacity and hemocyanin content are somewhat lower in postmolt compared to intermolt shrimp. The measured gradient between postbranchial (pericardial sinus) and prebranchial (abdominal sinus) hemolymph oxygen content is small and highly variable, and is not affected by exposure to anoxic stress. Hemolymph pH and buffering capacity are high. The oxygen consumption-oxygen tension relationships and respiratory properties of the hemolymph are discussed in relation to the hypoxic environment associated with the habitat of these crustaceans.
A comparison between the acute effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition and fluid resuscitation on myocardial function and metabolism in entotoxemic dogs

Abstract Purpose :Nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors increase mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in animal models of sepsis and in humans with septic shock. However, NO synthese inhibitors may cause coronary vessel constriction leading to myocardial ischemia and increased mortality in endotoxemic animals. This study was designed to test the acute effect of NG-nitro- l -arginine (L-NAME) on left ventricular (LV) function and coronary blood flow in a dog model of endotoxemia. Methods :In open chest, anesthetized dogs endotoxemia was induced intravenously (IV) by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide at 2 mg/ kg for 60 minutes. This resulted in hypotension, acidosis, and decreased SVR while cardiac index (CI) was maintained. When MAP was ≤60 mm Hg, animals were resuscitated with either dextran (group I), or L-NAME 30 mg/kg IV bolus (group II). Group III received L-NAME only. A fourth group of dogs was given endotoxin and not resuscitated. Animals were followed up for 30 minutes after intervention. Animals in the fourth group were followed up until the MAP was approximately 30 mm Hg. Heart rate, Cl, MAP, LV end systolic and diastolic pressures, dP/dt at a pressure of 40 mm Hg, left anterior descending artery coronary blood flow, regional LV contraction (sonomicrometer crystals), coro nary pressures, gas tension, and lactates were continuously recorded. A catheter placed in the coronary sinus allowed measurement of coronary sinus pressure, as well as coronary sinus lactate and gas tensions. Stroke volume index, stroke work index, systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), coronary vascular resistance, percent myocardial shortening, myocardial oxygen consumption (Mvo2) and net myocardial lactate production were calculated. Results :In Group I, fluid administration increased MAP, stroke work index, coronary blood flow, percent myocardial shortening, and MvoZ. In Group II, L-NAME increased MAP to the same extent as fluid administration without evidence of coronary ischemia or myocardial dysfunction. L-NAME did not alter MVo2 in either endotoxemic or nonendotoxemic animals. In group III, L-NAME alone resulted in a significant increase in MAP and SVRI, but its effects on coronary blood flow and LV function were not significant. We did not observe net lactate production in any of the groups. Coronary blood flow increased out of proportion to Mvo2 in group I animals. Conclusions :We conclude that although L-NAME at 30 mg/kg causes vasoconstriction, its effects on coronary blood flow and LV function were not significant.
Introduction to PILOT Database and Establishment of LRFD Resistance Factors for the Construction Control of Driven Steel H-Piles

The recently established and publicly available database for Pile-Load Tests (PILOT) is an amalgamated, electronic source of rich information comprising both static and dynamic data for driven piles (http://srg.cce.iastate.edu/lrfd/database%20downloads.html). The database, which includes quality-assured historical data on pile-load tests dating back to 1966, is intended for use in the establishment of resistance factors for load and resistance factor design (LRFD) and a reliable construction-control method for driven pile foundations and their future developments. Although a considerable amount of geotechnical and pile-load test data is available in literature as well as in various state department of transportation files, PILOT is one of the first regional databases to be exclusively used in the development of resistance factors for LRFD and a reliable construction-control method for pile foundations. Currently providing an electronically organized assimilation of geotechnical and pile-load test data for...
Silicon Millimeter-Wave Radio Circuits at 60-100 GHz

This paper reviews silicon millimeter-wave radio circuits operating between 60 and 100GHz. Transmitter and receiver chips operating in the 60-GHz ISM band are highlighted, where the packaged chipset has shown data rates as high as 2 Gb/s over 5m for a wireless high-definition video link. In addition, a 60GHz PA with 23dBm output power and a class-E 60GHz PA with >20% peak PAE are reviewed. Finally, 77 and 94GHz downconverters are presented as a basis for an outlook to the performance achievable at these higher frequency bands
Electrophilic radiobrominations of hippuric acid: An example of the utility of aryltrimethylsilane intermediates

An investigation of the use of an aryltrimethylsilane intermediate to obtain p-[77Br]bromohippuric acid (12) was carried out. The silane intermediate, p-trimethylsilylhippuric acid (11), was radiobrominated with carrier-added and no-carrier-added levels of bromine-77 to give isolated yields of 73% and 49% of 12 (respectively). Initial radiobromination studies were carried out with p-trimethylsilylbenzoic acid (1) to evaluate the feasability of the approach. Radiobrominations of 1 yielded 70–93% radiolabeling efficiencies. All of the radiobrominations could be accomplished within 15 minutes, indicating that the method could be applicable to use of the shorter lived radionuclides of bromine.
Changes in pulmonary phospholipid biosynthetic enzymes after nitrogen dioxide exposure.

Abstract The activities of phospholipid synthesizing enzymes and marker enzymes were measured in homogenates and subcellular fractions of lungs and livers of rats 2 days after exposure to 42 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) for 5 hr. DNA content of NO 2 -exposed lungs increased 33% over air-exposed controls, while protein in all fractions was elevated about twofold. The ratios of wet to dry weight remained unchanged. The specific activity of microsomal glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase was 42% higher than controls, while phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and choline phosphotransferase were 26 and 20% higher in microsomal specific activity. The microsomal marker enzyme NADPH cytochrome c reductase showed similar specific activities in microsomes from NO 2 or air-exposed animals. Glycerolphosphate phosphatidyltransferase and the mitochondrial marker succinate cytochrome c reductase were higher in specific activity by 28 and 23% in mitochondrial fractions from NO 2 -exposed lungs. Total lung activities of all enzymes measured were 80–180% higher in NO 2 -exposed lungs. No changes in any of the measured parameters were observed in liver due to NO 2 exposure. These results are consistent with the generally observed proliferative response of lung cells after toxic insult. The large increase in total lung activity of phospholipid biosynthesizing enzymes suggests that the proliferating cells are enriched in these enzymes relative to other cell types.