cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Size and time-resolved growth rate measurements of 1 to 5 nm freshly formed atmospheric nuclei

Abstract. This study presents measurements of size and time-resolved particle diameter growth rates for freshly nucleated particles down to 1 nm geometric diameter. Novel data analysis methods were developed, de-coupling for the first time the size and time-dependence of particle growth rates by fitting the aerosol general dynamic equation to size distributions obtained at an instant in time. Size distributions of freshly nucleated total aerosol (neutral and charged) were measured during two intensive measurement campaigns in different environments (Atlanta, GA and Boulder, CO) using a recently developed electrical mobility spectrometer with a diethylene glycol-based ultrafine condensation particle counter as the particle detector. One new particle formation (NPF) event from each campaign was analyzed in detail. At a given instant in time during the NPF event, size-resolved growth rates were obtained directly from measured size distributions and were found to increase approximately linearly with particle size from ~1 to 3 nm geometric diameter, increasing from 5.5 ± 0.8 to 7.6 ± 0.6 nm h−1 in Atlanta (13:00) and from 5.6 ± 2 to 27 ± 5 nm h−1 in Boulder (13:00). The resulting growth rate enhancement Γ, defined as the ratio of the observed growth rate to the growth rate due to the condensation of sulfuric acid only, was found to increase approximately linearly with size from ~1 to 3 nm geometric diameter. For the presented NPF events, values for Γ had lower limits that approached ~1 at 1.2 nm geometric diameter in Atlanta and ~3 at 0.8 nm geometric diameter in Boulder, and had upper limits that reached 8.3 at 4.1 nm geometric diameter in Atlanta and 25 at 2.7 nm geometric diameter in Boulder. Nucleated particle survival probability calculations comparing the effects of constant and size-dependent growth indicate that neglecting the strong dependence of growth rate on size from 1 to 3 nm observed in this study could lead to a significant overestimation of CCN survival probability.
Comparison of pure nicotine- and smokeless tobacco extract-induced toxicities and oxidative stress.

The toxicities and oxidative stress-inducing actions of (-)-nicotine and smokeless tobacco extract (STE), containing equivalent amounts of nicotine, were studied. Toxicities were determined by colony formation assays using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Results indicated that nicotine is less toxic than smokeless tobacco extract that contained the same amount of nicotine. The generation of reactive oxygen species, following treatment with smokeless tobacco extract and nicotine, was assessed by measurement of changes in glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. CHO cells (5 x 10(5) cells/5 ml media) were incubated with 4, 0.8, and 0.08 mg of nicotine and STE containing the same amounts of nicotine. All preparations of smokeless tobacco extract significantly decreased GSH levels and increased MDA generation. However, 0.08 mg of nicotine treatment did not result in a significant change in GSH level, and only 4 mg of nicotine were sufficient to increase MDA generation. Addition of free radical scavenging enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and an intracellular GSH precursor, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), replenished the GSH levels in nicotine-treated cells. GSH levels in cells exposed to smokeless tobacco extract containing 4 and 0.8 mg nicotine remained significantly lower than the control with the addition of SOD and CAT. However, co-addition of NAC with smokeless tobacco extract preparations returned the GSH levels to the control level. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were measured in the media to establish the membrane damage following exposure to smokeless tobacco extract and nicotine. Treatment of cells with 4 mg nicotine caused a significant increase in LDH activity, which was returned to control level in the presence of the antioxidant enzymes and NAC. Smokeless tobacco extract did not change the LDH activity. http://link.springer-ny. com/link/service/journals/00244/bibs/37n4p434.html</++ +HEA
BK channels mediate a novel ionic mechanism that regulates glucose-dependent electrical activity and insulin secretion in mouse pancreatic β-cells.

BK channels are large unitary conductance K+ channels cooperatively activated by intracellular calcium and membrane depolarisation. We show that BK channels regulate electrical activity in β-cells of mouse pancreatic islets exposed to elevated glucose. In 11.1 mm glucose, the non-peptidyl BK channel blocker paxilline increased the height of β-cell action potentials (APs) by 21 mV without affecting burst- or silent-period durations. In isolated β-cells, paxilline increased AP height by 16 mV without affecting resting membrane potential. In voltage clamp, paxilline blocked a transient component of outward current activated by a short depolarisation, which accounted for at least 90% of the initial outward K+ current. This BK current (IBK) was blocked by the Ca2+ channel blockers Cd2+ (200 μm) or nimodipine (1 μm), and potentiated by FPL-64176 (1 μm). IBK was also 56% blocked by the BK channel blocker iberiotoxin (100 nm). IBK activated more than 10-fold faster than the delayed rectifier IKv over the physiological voltage range, and partially inactivated. An AP-like command revealed that IBK activated and deactivated faster than IKv and accounted for 86% of peak IK, explaining why IBK block increased AP height. A higher amplitude AP-like command, patterned on an AP recorded in 11.1 mm glucose plus paxilline, activated 4-fold more IKv and significantly increased Ca2+ entry. Paxilline increased insulin secretion in islets exposed to 11.1 mm glucose by 67%, but did not affect basal secretion in 2.8 mm glucose. These data suggest a modified model of β-cell AP generation where IBK and IKv coordinate the AP repolarisation.
RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION, AFFECTIVITY, AND GAY‐SPECIFIC STRESSORS IN SAME‐SEX COUPLES JOINED IN CIVIL UNIONS

Relationship satisfaction, affect, and stress were examined in 313 same-sex couples who had had civil unions in Vermont during the first year of this legislation. Similarity between partners on age...
The Role of Media/Video Production in Non-Media Disciplines: The Case of Health Promotion.

Media creation has been almost exclusively a domain of media and communication fields. Traditionally, non‐media fields, such as public health and health promotion, do not typically include media cr...
EMTP modeling of a triggered-lightning strike to the phase conductor of an overhead distribution line

A triggered-lightning experiment and EMTP modeling of that experiment are used to study the responses of a two-conductor overhead power line to a direct lightning strike. The experiment was conducted at the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing (ICLRT) at Camp Blanding, FL. The lightning was artificially initiated (triggered) from a natural thundercloud using the rocket-and-wire technique, and its current was directed to the phase conductor. EMTP modeling of the line behavior yields results that are generally consistent with the measurements.
LOT: a tool for linkage analysis of ordinal traits for pedigree data

Summary: Existing linkage-analysis methods address binary or quantitative traits. However, many complex diseases and human conditions, particularly behavioral disorders, are rated on ordinal scales. Herein, we introduce, LOT, a tool that performs linkage analysis of ordinal traits for pedigree data. It implements a latent-variable proportional-odds logistic model that relates inheritance patterns to the distribution of the ordinal trait. The likelihood-ratio test is used for testing evidence of linkage. Availability: The LOT program is available for download at http://c2s2.yale.edu/software/LOT/ Contact: ude.elay@gnahz.gnipeh
Goal Orientation and Performance of Family Businesses

Family businesses consist of family members pooling their resources together to achieve a particular goal for the family business. The objectives of this study were to profile the characteristics of the family businesses and business owners by owners’ goal orientation and to examine the influence of goal orientation on family business performance. The mean differences in values of business size, business age, and business liabilities were statistically significant by owners’ goal orientation. The major findings of this study suggest that owner goal orientation had a statistically significant effect on business performance. Specifically, setting a business goal such as growth or a positive reputation with customers had a significant and positive impact on family business performance.
Generalized Nyquist Tests for Robust Stability: Frequency Domain Generalizations of Kharitonov’s Theorem

This paper presents a simple rigorous development of two major results in robust stability theory: Kharitonov’s Theorem for interval polynomials (a previously known result); and a graphical U-stability Nyquist type test for a broad class of parameterized linear time-invariant systems. An example is included for a time delay system with non-linear parameter dependence.
Rapid increase in plasma membrane chloride permeability during wound resealing in starfish oocytes.

Plasma membrane wound repair is an important but poorly understood process. We used femtosecond pulses from a Ti-Sapphire laser to make multiphoton excitation–induced disruptions of the plasma membrane while monitoring the membrane potential and resistance. We observed two types of wounds that depolarized the plasma membrane. At threshold light levels, the membrane potential and resistance returned to prewound values within seconds; these wounds were not easily observed by light microscopy and resealed in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Higher light intensities create wounds that are easily visible by light microscopy and require extracellular Ca2+ to reseal. Within a few seconds the membrane resistance is ∼100-fold lower, while the membrane potential has depolarized from −80 to −30 mV and is now sensitive to the Cl− concentration but not to that of Na+, K+, or H+. We suggest that the chloride sensitivity of the membrane potential, after wound resealing, is due to the fusion of chloride-permeable intracellular membranes with the plasma membrane.
iDENTM Smartphone Embedded Software Testing

iRobot is designed as a tool to perform stress test on iDENtrade Gemini Windowsreg mobile smartphone. Gemini is the first iDENtrade smartphone from Motorolareg. We discuss the value that automation had brought to iDENtrade phone testing which has contributed to the improvement of software quality in iDENtrade phone together with the metrics. We also look into the advantages and disadvantage of the proposed system and some discussion of the future work
Effect of Vagal Stimulation and Acetylcholine on the Ventricle Anomalous Viscosity of Blood and the "Summation Phenomenon"

It is shown that in the presence of a marginal zone, which is free of corpuscles and which has a width independent of the tube radius, the existence in the central zone of unsheared laminae of finite thickness, which also is independent of the tube radius, tends to increase rather than decrease the apparent viscosity when the radius of the tube becomes smaller.
The Denver II

To maximize the potential of a child with a developmental delay, early detection and intervention is essential (Frankenburg and Thornton, 1989). The nurse practitioner who includes a developmental screening with the child's general assessment may detect a developmental delay during a routine office visit. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the Denver II, a new developmental screening test.
Phase II Study of Troxacitabine, a Novel Dioxolane Nucleoside Analog, in Patients With Refractory Leukemia

PURPOSE: To investigate the activity of a novel dioxolane l-nucleoside analog, troxacitabine (l-(−)-OddC, BCH-4556), in patients with refractory leukemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Study participants were patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid (AML) or lymphocytic (ALL) leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), or chronic myelogenous leukemia in blastic phase (CML-BP). Troxacitabine was provided as an intravenous infusion for more than 30 minutes daily for 5 days at a dose of 8.0 mg/m2/d (40 mg/m2 per course). Courses were given every 3 to 4 weeks according to antileukemic efficacy. RESULTS: Forty-two patients (AML, 18 patients; MDS, one patient; ALL, six patients; CML-BP, 17 patients) were treated. Median age was 51 years (range, 23 to 80 years); 22 patients were male. Stomatitis was the most significant adverse event, with three patients (7%) and two patients (5%), respectively, experiencing grade 3 or 4 toxicity. Ten patients (24%) had grade 3 hand-foot syndrome, and two patients (5%) had grad...
Measuring Losses For Small Business Interruption Claims: Depreciation Expenses

Business interruption insurance, commonly called lost profit insurance is written to protect a firm when its operations are interrupted and income is reduced due to a covered peril. The calculation of the economic loss depends on how certain expenses are used in the loss computation. Depreciation is an expense that can have significant implications on the measure of the loss figure but how depreciation should be accounted for is not specified in policies or law. This paper reviews the depreciation controversy and offers a more theoretically correct solution.
ADP-ribosylating microbial toxins.

(1984). ADP-Ribosylating Microbial Toxins. CRC Critical Reviews in Microbiology: Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 273-298.
Measuring Fiduciary and Investor Losses in 401(k) Plans

This is the first comprehensive academic study of 401(k) plan fees and the first study to measure the relative costs of limited investment menus, fund- and plan-level fees, and aggregate misallocation of investments. Expressing these costs in terms of reduced returns allows us to compare the relative magnitude of costs attributable to plan fiduciaries, which we term fiduciary losses and losses attributable to mistakes that investors make in choosing how to allocate among menu offerings, which we term investor losses. Using a sample of plans that offer publicly listed mutual funds as investment options, we show that investor losses exceed fiduciary losses. Taken together, these losses consume about 17.8% of the optimal risk premium. The majority of losses come from fund and plan level expenses. Large plans have lower fiduciary losses than small plans, but there is substantial variation in plan quality independent of plan size. Plan menu design affects investor losses and the fees investors pay, and advisor compensation is related to menu design. We measure plausible proxies for quality of service and find that plan costs are inversely correlated with these proxies, suggesting that higher costs may not buy better services.
Optogenetic Approaches to Restoring Intrinsic Visual Processing Features in Retinal Ganglion Cells

The severe loss of photoreceptor cells caused by degenerative diseases of the retina could result in partial or complete blindness . The optogenetic strategy to restoring vision involves genetically converting the surviving inner retinal neurons to photosensitive cells, thus restoring light sensitivity to the retina after photoreceptor degeneration. Proof-of-concept studies in animal models have already demonstrated that it is possible to create photosensitivity in inner retinal neurons and restore visually guided behaviors. Multiple approaches would need to be developed regarding rendering photosensitivity to particular retinal layers or cell types depending on retinal degenerative conditions. For severe retinal degenerative conditions, rendering photosensitivity to retinal ganglion cells might be the only option. This would also require restoring intrinsic visual processing features such as ON and OFF light responses, sustained and transient light responses, and center-surround antagonistic receptive fields to restore vision at the highest quality . Significant progress has been made toward achieving these goals, although challenges still remain.
Gut Microbial Metabolite TMAO Enhances Platelet Hyperreactivity and Thrombosis Risk.

Normal platelet function is critical to blood hemostasis and maintenance of a closed circulatory system. Heightened platelet reactivity, however, is associated with cardiometabolic diseases and enhanced potential for thrombotic events. We now show gut microbes, through generation of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), directly contribute to platelet hyperreactivity and enhanced thrombosis potential. Plasma TMAO levels in subjects (n > 4,000) independently predicted incident (3 years) thrombosis (heart attack, stroke) risk. Direct exposure of platelets to TMAO enhanced sub-maximal stimulus-dependent platelet activation from multiple agonists through augmented Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Animal model studies employing dietary choline or TMAO, germ-free mice, and microbial transplantation collectively confirm a role for gut microbiota and TMAO in modulating platelet hyperresponsiveness and thrombosis potential and identify microbial taxa associated with plasma TMAO and thrombosis potential. Collectively, the present results reveal a previously unrecognized mechanistic link between specific dietary nutrients, gut microbes, platelet function, and thrombosis risk.
Bionomics of Tetrastichus giffardianus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) : an endoparasitoid of tephritid fruit flies

Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri is a gregarious endoparasitoid of tephritid fruit flies in Hawaii. Although widely established in Hawaii, it has been largely overlooked in field surveys. Our objectives were to develop an efficient rearing technique for T. giffardianus , and to determine basic bionomic and demographic parameters, necessary in future augmentative and/or classical biological control programs. Exposure of 5- and 6-d-old Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann) larvae to parasitoids at a 5:1 host:parasitoid ratio resulted in relatively high parasitism rates (>55%). Increasing exposure times to parasitoids for ≥8 h did not reduced emergence rates. T. giffardianus successfully developed in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), B. latifrons (Hendel), B. cucurbitae (Coquillet) and C. capitata . Parasitism was highest in B. dorsalis (37%) and lowest in B. cucurbitae (5%). The longevity of ovipositing females was 60% lower than females deprived of hosts. Each female parasitized 9.1 C. capitata larvae in her lifetime and 0.8 ± 0.13 larvae were parasitized per day. At 26°C, gross and net reproductive rates were 57.3 and 42.6 progeny per female per day, respectively. Peak parasitism of hosts occurred in 2-d old females, followed by a 2nd peak in 6- to 8-d-old females. The significance of T. giffardianus to biological control of tephritids is discussed.
The Effects of Peer-Mediated Check-In/Check-Out on the Social Skills of Socially Neglected Students

Check-In/Check-Out (CICO) is a moderately effective Tier 2 intervention often used to address attention-maintained problem behaviors in schools. Recent studies on CICO have demonstrated the effectiveness of the intervention when combined with social skills training and when utilizing students' peers as interventionists. Using a concurrent multiple baseline across participants design, the present study evaluated the effectiveness of peer-mediated CICO to target social skills in elementary school students identified as socially neglected using a sociometric classification system. Results, implications for practice, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Parallel Compensation Characteristics of 500 kV Double Circuit Compact Transmission Lines on Same Tower

In this paper the linear transform for six-phase system is adopt to analyze parallel parameters of double circuit compact transmission lines on the same tower. It is pointed out that when two conpact transmission lines on the same tower are not transposed,the capacitive coupling between the two lines makes the secondary arc currents of the lines evidently different from that of two single-circuit transmission lines two which are erected separately and parallely,meanwhile,the induced voltages of both circuits are too high while the two circuits are normally operated. Simulation results of the operation of typical double circuit compact transmission lines on the same tower show that the unbalance of secondary arc currents and too high induced volages under a certain condition of parameters could have a bad effect on normal opeation and security of related HV equipments. Based on practical parameters of 500kV double circuit compact transmission lines on the same tower from Datong power plant to Fangshan,the secondary arc currens and induced voltages under the condition of parallel compensation are calculated,calculation results show that the induced voltages of this project exceed normal tolerance level of earthing switch for conventional lines. To solve this problem,some suggestions,such as adopting wire transposition and changing the configuration of parallel compensation,are given.
Mechanism of Lithogenic Bile Production: Studies in the Hamster Fed an Essential Fatty Acid-Deficient Diet

The essential fatty acid-deficient (EFAD) hamster forms lithogenic hepatic bile and gallstones of high cholesterol content. Measurements of bile acid kinetics and biliary lipid secretion have been performed in this animal model to determine if bile becomes lithogenic as a result of an absolute increase in cholesterol or as a consequence of a primary decrease in cholesterol-solubilizing lipids. EFAD feeding prolonged the turnover, increased reabsorption, and decreased synthesis of cholic acid. The pool size of cholate was, however, the same as in chow-fed control animals both preceding and after gallstone development. Biliary secretion rates were determined in nonfasted animals from the first 30-min bile collection after common duct cannulation. EFAD feeding resulted in no decrease in total bile salt or phospholipid output. In contrast, biliary cholesterol secretion in EFAD-fed hamsters was 2 to 3 times increased over control animals, and was significantly elevated prior to stone development. In EFAD hamsters, cystic duct ligation to exclude the gallbladder from the enterohepatic circulation produced an even greater elevation of cholesterol secretion, but did not influence the secretion rate of bile salt or phospholipid. In the EFAD hamster increased biliary cholesterol secretion was not associated with an increase in serum, liver, or whole carcass cholesterol levels. Thus, the production of bile of lithogenic composition in the EFAD hamster is clearly a consequence of selective enhancement of biliary cholesterol secretion, not eliminated by gallbladder exclusion, and not associated with a generalized increase in body cholesterol levels.
Numerical simulation of multiple CME‐driven shocks in the month of 2011 September

A global, three-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulation model has been employed to study the Sun-to-Earth propagation of multiple (12) coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and their associated shocks in September 2011. The inputs to the simulation are based on actual solar observations, which include the CME speeds, source locations, and photospheric magnetic fields. The simulation result is fine tuned with in situ solar wind data observations at 1 AU by matching the arrival time of CME-driven shocks. During this period three CME-driven interplanetary (IP) shocks induced three sizable geomagnetic storms on 9, 17, and 26 September, with Dst values reaching −69, −70, and −101 nT, respectively. These storm events signify the commencement of geomagnetic activity in the solar cycle 24. The CME propagation speed near the Sun (e.g., 1000 km s−1). This is because the effect of the background solar wind is more pronounced for slow CMEs. Here we demonstrate this difficulty with a slow (400 km s−1) CME event that arrived at the Earth in 3 days instead of the predicted 4.3 days. Our results also demonstrate that a long period (a month in this case) of simulation may be necessary to make meaningful solar source geomagnetic storm associations.
Oxypurinol Reduces Ischemic Brain Injury in the Gerbil and Rat

The pathophysiology of brain ischemia is characterized by a complex sequence of events, which include biochemical, hemodynamic and electrophysiological processes. Decreases in cerebral blood flow (CBF) below a critical threshold result in energy failure, tissue acidosis, disturbed ion homeostasis, with cellular Na+ and Ca++ influx and K+ efflux, membrane depolarization, and cytotoxic edema. There is a massive release of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters (glutamate and aspartate) which triggers further membrane depolarization and an additional accumulation of intracellular Ca++. This accumulation of free cytosolic intracellular Ca++ appears to play a key role in the progression of events towards irreversible neuronal damage, in that it leads to an activation of a series of neurotoxic processes including lipid peroxidation, free radical generation, activation of proteolytic enzymes and pathological gene activation. The formation of vasogenic tissue edema is another important consequence of brain ischemia, which frequently complicates the clinical situation.
Sudden Unexpected Postnatal Collapse of the Newborn

Sudden unexpected postnatal collapse is a rare but devastating neonatal event. A well-appearing, full-term newborn with Agpar scores of eight or more suddenly crashes, often with full respiratory and cardiac arrest. Up to half of newborns with sudden unexpected postnatal collapse die, with many survivors suffering serious neurological damage. The first 2 hours of life are the hours of greatest risk, coinciding with the time frame when nurses encourage breastfeeding and uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact between women and newborns. Nursing assessments and measures to promote neonates' optimal transition to extrauterine life through skin-to-skin contact and early breastfeeding while decreasing the risk of this catastrophic event are described. Nursing surveillance to promote optimal transition in a safe environment is essential, and birth facilities should allocate staffing resources accordingly.
Sharing Behavior in Online Social Media: An Empirical Analysis with Deep Learning

We conduct a large-scale empirical study on the sharing behavior in social media to measure the effect of message features and initial messengers on information diffusion. Our analysis focuses on messages created by companies and utilizes both textual and visual semantic content by employing state-of-the-art machine learning methods: topic modeling and deep learning. We find that messages with multiple conspicuous images and messengers with similar content are crucial in the diffusion process. Our approach for semantic content analysis, particularly for visual content, bridges advanced machine learning techniques for effective marketing and social media strategies.
Mutant CXCR4-Triggered Apoptosis and Impaired Mobilization of Bone Marrow Cells in Myelokathexis Are Normalized upon Treatment with Specific Inhibitors.

Myelokathexis (MK) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by hypercellular marrow and severe chronic neutropenia. In some, but not all patients there is an association of Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, and Infections with Myelokathexis (WHIM syndrome). We and others reported that bone marrow myeloid cells in MK exhibit characteristic apoptotic features such as condensed chromatin, cytoplasmic blebbing, and cellular fragmentation. FACS analysis also demonstrated an impaired survival of myeloid cells in MK that was associated with reduced level of Bcl-X expression. Several heterozygous mutations in the CXCR4 gene have been identified in most of the families with autosomal dominant WHIM syndrome. CXCR4 is a G-protein coupled chemokine receptor and its interaction with SDF-1 ligand plays an important role in homing and mobilization of hematopoietic cells. Recently, it has been demonstrated that expression of mutant CXCR4 in human CD34+ cells results in reduced receptor internalization, enhanced calcium flux and enhanced migration of transduced CD34+ cells. However, the mechanism of mutant CXCR4-mediated neutropenia in MK remains largely unknown. We examined 6 patients representing 4 unrelated families with MK and found that all affected family members harbor heterozygous mutations in the CXCR4 gene including a previously reported R334ter mutation. We identified two novel mutations that result in frame shifts and a premature stop codon in the cytoplasmic domain of CXCR4. Expression of CXCR4 mutants in human promyelocytic HL-60 cells resulted in massive apoptosis similar to that reported for bone marrow-derived myeloid cells from MK patients. Specifically, more than 50% of HL-60 cells transfected with previously reported R334ter and novel truncation mutants were positive for annexin V, whereas 20±6% of apoptotic annexin V-positive cells were observed in control cells transfected with normal CXCR4. Impaired cell survival appeared to be due to aberrant dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential as flow cytometry analysis revealed significantly increased DIOC6-staining in cells expressing CXCR4 mutants compared with control cells expressing normal CXCR4 (p
Narcissistic responses to provocation: An examination of the rage and threatened-egotism accounts

Abstract We tested predictions from rage and threatened egotism accounts of narcissistic aggression. In particular, we measured grandiose and vulnerable narcissists' emotional, cognitive, motivational, and behavioral responses to ego-threatening provocation. Grandiose narcissism was related to perceiving ego-threatening feedback as more truthful, but was nevertheless related to muted negative emotions and appraising such feedback as less devaluing of the self. Vulnerable narcissism was also associated with perceiving the feedback as more truthful, but, unlike grandiose narcissism, it was associated with enhanced negative emotions, self-loathing, and appraising the negative feedback as devaluing of the self and socially significant. Both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism were related to heightened aggression and setting hostile goals. Finally, high levels of both types of narcissism strengthened the relations between setting hostile goals and aggression behaviors. The rage account did a satisfactory job of anticipating effects of vulnerable narcissism but neither rage nor threatened egotism did a satisfactory job of anticipating effects of grandiose narcissism.
Mullā Ṣadrā on Knowledge and the Imamate

In this chapter, after a brief review of the historical and intellectual context of Mullā Ṣadrā’s work, the author explains Mullā Ṣadrā’s theory of knowledge and the soul. Next, she analyzes his discourse of the imamate and absolute authority, which arguably rests on his theory of knowledge. Since much work has already been done on Mullā Ṣadrā’s epistemology and psychology, the analysis is focused on those concepts and narratives that lead the author to understand the potential in Mullā Ṣadrā’s synthetic discourse which she sees as playing a part in shaping the discourse of Shīʿī imamate as the source of both spiritual and political authority. In examining Mullā Ṣadrā’s theory of knowledge and the human soul, primary reference is made to his Risāla fī ittiḥād al-ʿāqil wa’l-maʿqūl and parts of al-Asfār.
Foodborne Botulism From a Systems Biology Perspective

Abstract Botulism is an example of true food poisoning. Several of the immunologically distinct neurotoxins (BoNT/A-G) from Clostridium botulinum and two other clostridial species have over the years been identified in inadequately stored or processed food. After their ingestion, peripheral cholinergic neurotransmission is blocked, causing flaccid paralysis that can lead to respiratory failure and death. To understand better foodborne botulism, a perspective is given as viewed through the prism of systems biology in which diverse data are integrated into predictive models. Computational models describing C. botulinum spore activation, bacterial growth, and neurotoxin production in food could be linked to risk assessments that help improve food safety procedures and public health policies. Combining experimental and clinical data is also critical in developing models designed to simulate illness onset times and durations. Subsystems, such as gene expression may also account for secondary phenomenon of botulism, for example, neurite sprouting. Expected benefits of a systems approach, among others, will be to help gauge the effectiveness of therapies and reduce the costs of hospitalizations.
Σ31-Absoluteness for Sequences of Measures

We extend Jensen’s Σ 3 1 -absoluteness result to apply to the core model for sequences of measures, provided that sharps exist and there is no inner model of ∃ko(k) = k ++. The proof includes a result on the patterns of indiscernibles analogous to the one which arises in Jensen’s proof.
Gigantism: Management of Fatigue and Daytime Sleepiness After Surgery and Radiation in Adolescents with GH Secreting Adenoma

The management of gigantism requires a multidisciplinary approach. It usually requires surgery, radiation, and/or medical treatment. These therapies may cause panhypopituitarism with or without growth hormone deficiency. Fatigue and altered sleep patterns could result from the disease itself, its treatment, or other psychological factors and demand a systematic approach.
High-resolution Patterned Biofilm Deposition Using pDawn-Ag43

Spatial structure and patterning play an important role in bacterial biofilms. Here we demonstrate an accessible method for culturing E. coli biofilms into arbitrary spatial patterns at high spatial resolution. The technique uses a genetically encoded optogenetic construct—pDawn-Ag43—that couples biofilm formation in E. coli to optical stimulation by blue light. We detail the process for transforming E. coli with pDawn-Ag43, preparing the required optical set-up, and the protocol for culturing patterned biofilms using pDawn-Ag43 bacteria. Using this protocol, biofilms with a spatial resolution below 25 μm can be patterned on various surfaces and environments, including enclosed chambers, without requiring microfabrication, clean-room facilities, or surface pretreatment. The technique is convenient and appropriate for use in applications that investigate the effect of biofilm structure, providing tunable control over biofilm patterning. More broadly, it also has potential applications in biomaterials, education, and bio-art.
Environmental Informatics: Advancing Data Intensive Sciences to Solve Environmental Problems

The 21st Century witnesses emergence of geospatial cyberinfrastructure and other relevant geospatial technologies (Yang et al., 2010) for collecting data, extracting information, simulating phenomena scenarios, and supporting decision making (Caragea et al., 2005; Stadler et al., 2006). The advancements of the geospatial technologies not only provide great opportunities for us to better understand environmental issues and better position us to solve global to local environmental problems (Pecar-Ilic and Ruzic, 2006), but also pose great challenges for us to handle terabytes to petabytes of heterogeneous environmental data. Environmental informatics (Green and Klomp, 1998; Hilty, Page and Hrebi < iek, 2006) should be revisited to efficiently and effectively manage, integrate, and mine information and knowledge from the vast amount of data for supporting environmental decisions (Hey, Tansley and Tolle, 2008).
Nineteenth Century Gunflints from the Nepalese Armory

A sample from a stockpile of gunflints discarded by the Nepalese military in the early to middle 1800s shows that although Nepal obtained most of its munitions from Britain, the situation was complex. The Nepalese rapidly learned to manufacture their own guns, imitating or varying British patterns. However, gunflints were a necessary component of flintlock firearms that were obtained by most nations from a few European centers. Although most of the flints in the Nepalese armory are clearly of British origin, and some are French, a relatively small number of anomalous form and different material are probably of native manufacture, previously undocumented. Variation in quality also suggests multiple sources, some of which may have been black market or irregular. Different damage patterns represent wear and re-sharpening, fitting to guns, and use in flint-and-steel fire-starting. The flints reveal some patterns in the interaction of the British Empire with its colonial enterprises.
Treatment of Dopa-Responsive Dystonia

Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is a genetically heterogeneous syndrome that typically presents in children with gait and balance difficulties as well as leg dystonia. It later progresses to generalized dystonia with or without associated parkinsonian features. About half of the patients have diurnal variation with worsening of their dystonia and parkinsonism as the day progresses. Similar to juvenile-onset Parkinson’s disease (PD), DRD is due to striatal dopamine depletion, but unlike PD, this dopamine deficiency is due to impaired neurotransmitter synthesis rather than a degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Some relatives, however, may present with adult-onset parkinsonism with evidence of nigral degeneration. Typically inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder, the most common genetic cause of DRD is heterozygous mutations in the GCH1 (GTP cyclohydrolase1) gene. All the motor symptoms can be effectively controlled with a relatively low doses of levodopa.
Descending control of the vestibular nuclei: physiology.

Publisher Summary The vestibular system and the vestibulo-ocular reflex arc are influenced by a number of higher functions and centers. The phenomenon of “alertness” has a cortical aspect; and it clearly facilitates vestibular activity. The role of the cortex in other behavioral states such as “habituation” or sleep is less clear. Childhood schizophrenia, a severe thought and behavioral disorder, is accompanied by hypoactive and variable responses to caloric and post-rotatory nystagmus. The latter is strongly influenced by vision. Ablation of the occipital and frontal cortex tends to release vestibulo-ocular activity while stimulation studies of the same areas are not amenable to such generalizations. The ablation evidence, however, suggests that the cortex has a generally inhibitory effect in vestibular activity. Both the caudate nucleus and an area medial to the lateral geniculate body act to augment, while the nucleus of Darkschewitsch inhibits vestibular nystagmus. The mechanisms of these actions are not clear. The interstitial nucleus of Cajal, a center for head rotation and eye rotation and vertical movement, when stimulated, inhibits type-I vestibular neurons of the horizontal canal. The inhibitory action on type-I neurons of the anterior vertical canal is infrequent and weaker. This function may enhance rotatory head and eye movements; or may serve as a means by which cortical or subcortical stations could modulate vestibular-induced horizontal eye movement.
Run-of-the-Mill or Avant Garde? Identifying restaurant category positioning and tastemakers from digital geo-location history

Abstract How mundane or exotic the taste of a cuisine is considered, often determines what kind of visitors a restaurant is likely to get. However, restaurants find it difficult to both (i) gauge such customer expectations as well as (ii) target visitors with broad or narrow palates so as to successfully position their image and design offerings. The current research utilizes digital geolocation history data from restaurant check-ins along with Item Response Theory to identify mundane and exotic cuisines, and tastemakers with broader palates. Data is used from Chicago and San Francisco to compare definitions of exotic restaurant cuisines and tastemakers (visitors). In both cities, quick serve restaurants appear most mundane, while Lebanese and Turkish cuisine emerge as more exotic. Factors that explain palate diversity vary across the two cities.
Who Is Scared of a Needle? An Exploration of Italian Children's Knowledge and Perceptions About the HPV Vaccine.

Receiving the HPV vaccine at a young age before being exposed to the virus is essential to improve HPV-related cancer prevention. In many countries in the world, like Italy, the HPV vaccine is offered free of charges to boys and girls aged 12–14. Despite this incentive, the HPV vaccine uptake in Italy remains low. Several interventions and campaigns have been implemented to educate parents and providers. However, children of 12–14 years old have been left out by prevention and education efforts. This study explored middle school children’s knowledge and perceptions of the HPV virus and vaccine with the purpose to identify gaps and misperceptions and provide recommendations to develop educational interventions. A total of nine focus groups were conducted, and discussions were analyzed along with 171 anonymous questions collected from the children. Findings included a lack of knowledge of HPV prevention guidelines, negative emotions associated with both the HPV vaccine and vaccines in general, misperceptions between prevention and care, and the desire to receive specific information.
The Technosphere and Earth Stewardship

Scientists develop conceptual frameworks in an effort to better understand and manage the world around them. The dominant framework for most authors in this book and others concerned with Earth Stewardship is a coupled human-natural systems framework. This framework continues to provide new insights and promising management strategies. However, we argue that the addition of a third major domain, infrastructure/technology would more accurately reflect the key dynamics in today’s world and allow more sustainable outcomes. Further we argue that scientists associated with each of these domains adhere to overlapping, but distinct sets of rules and fundamental assumptions that inhibit successful interdisciplinary collaboration. Rectifying this misalignment should be a cornerstone of future Earth Stewardship.
Variability in Opioid Prescription Following Primary Single-Level Lumbar Microdiscectomy.

Study Design:Retrospective case series.Objectives:To evaluate the variability in opioid prescription following primary single-level lumbar microdiscectomy.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed consec...
Examining the Presentation of Information in Augmented Reality Headsets for Situational Awareness

Augmented Reality (AR) headsets are being employed in industrial settings (e.g., the oil industry); however, there has been little work on how information should be presented in these headsets, especially in the context of situational awareness. We present a study examining three different presentation styles (Display, Environment, Mixed Environment) for textual secondary information in AR headsets. We found that the Display and Environment presentation styles assisted in perception and comprehension. Our work contributes a first step to understanding how to design visual information in AR headsets to support situational awareness.
Dendritic cell-derived TGF-β mediates the induction of mucosal regulatory T-cell response to Helicobacter infection essential for maintenance of immune tolerance in mice.

Background Helicobacter pylori infection leads to regulatory T-cell (Treg) induction in infected mice, which contributes to H. pylori immune escape. However, the mechanisms responsible for H. pylori induction of Treg and immune tolerance remain unclear. We hypothesized DC-produced TGF-β may be responsible for Treg induction and immune tolerance. Materials and methods To test this hypothesis, we generated TGF-β∆DC mice (CD11c+ DC-specific TGF-β deletion) and assessed the impact of DC-specific TGF-β deletion on DC function during Helicobacter infection in vitro and in vivo. To examine the T cell-independent DC function, we crossed TGF-β∆DC mice onto Rag1KO background to generate TGF-β∆DC xRag1KO mice. Results When stimulated with H. pylori, TGF-β∆DC BMDC/splenocyte cocultures showed increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines compared to control, indicating a proinflammatory DC phenotype. Following 6 months of H. felis infection, TGF-β∆DC mice developed more severe gastritis and a trend toward more metaplasia compared to TGF-βfl/fl with increased levels of inflammatory Th1 cytokine mRNA and lower gastric H. felis colonization compared to infected TGF-βfl/fl mice. In a T cell-deficient background using TGF-β∆DC xRag1KO mice, H. felis colonization was significantly lower when DC-derived TGF-β was absent, revealing a direct, innate function of DC in controlling H. felis infection independent of Treg induction. Conclusions Our findings indicate that DC-derived TGF-β mediates Helicobacter-induced Treg response and attenuates the inflammatory Th1 response. We also demonstrated a previously unrecognized innate role of DC controlling Helicobacter colonization via a Treg-independent mechanism. DC TGF-β signaling may represent an important target in the management of H. pylori.
Architectural Dependency Analysis: Addressing the Elephant in the Room

Dependency analysis is typically limited to the static analysis of code structures. We applied this practice to safety-critical systems that were re-engineered to reduce safety testing and technology upgrade cost. We discuss the need for a well-defined description of architectural dependencies to address the observed gaps.
Do Outcomes of Meniscal Allograft Transplantation Differ Based on Age and Sex? A Comparative Group Analysis.

Purpose To analyze the effect of patient age, sex, and associated preoperative factors on patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures and graft survival following primary meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT). Methods A prospectively collected database was retrospectively reviewed to identify patients who underwent primary MAT with a minimum of 2 years of follow up between 1999 and 2017. Demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative outcome data were collected for each patient. Postoperative outcomes were stratified based on age and sex, and comparative statistical analysis was performed between sexes, both >40 and Results A total of 238 patients underwent primary MAT during the study period, of which 212 patients (mean age, 28.5 ± 9.0 years; range, 15.01-53.67 years) met the inclusion criteria with a mean follow-up of 5.1 ± 3.4 years (range 2.0-15.9 years). At final follow-up, patients ≥40 and Conclusions PROs similarly improved following MAT in both patients aged ≥40 and those Level of Evidence III; therapeutic retrospective comparison study.
Labor Skill and Dividend Policy

We examine how firms’ labor skill heterogeneity affects dividend policy. Since it is more costly to hire, retain, and layoff skilled labor than unskilled labor, we hypothesize that firms relying more on skilled labor are more cautious in setting their dividend policy, which competes with funding for labor force. We find that firms with more skilled labor are less likely to distribute or increase dividends, and when they do so, the magnitudes are smaller. We further document that dividend increases by such firms are more strongly correlated with future earnings increases and are accompanied by stronger stock market reactions.