cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract A13: A new mitochondrial pool of cyclin E, regulated by Drp1, is linked to cell-density-dependent cell proliferation

Cyclin E is indispensable for release from quiescence. However, the regulation and function of the crucial cell cycle regulator cyclin E (CycE) remains elusive. Unlike other cyclins, CycE can be uniquely controlled by mitochondrial energetics, the exact mechanism being unclear. Using mammalian cells (in vitro) and Drosophila (in vivo) model systems in parallel, we show that CycE can be directly regulated by mitochondria through its recruitment to the organelle. Active mitochondrial bioenergetics maintains a distinct mitochondrial pool of CycE (mtCycE) lacking a key phosphorylation required for its degradation. Loss of the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1, SwissProt O00429 in humans) augments mitochondrial respiration and elevates the mtCycE pool allowing CycE deregulation, cell cycle alterations and enrichment of stem cell markers. Such CycE deregulation after Drp1 loss attenuates cell proliferation in low-cell-density environments. However, in high-cell-density environments elevated MEK-ERK signaling in the absence of Drp1 releases mtCycE to support escape of contact inhibition and maintain aberrant cell proliferation. Such Drp1-driven regulation of CycE recruitment to mitochondria might be a mechanism to modulate CycE degradation during normal developmental processes as well as in tumorigenic events. Ref. JCS,(2015), 128, 4171-4182. Citation Format: Danitra Parker, Kasturi Mitra. A new mitochondrial pool of cyclin E, regulated by Drp1, is linked to cell-density-dependent cell proliferation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Cancer Cell Cycle - Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Response; Feb 28-Mar 2, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(11_Suppl):Abstract nr A13.
Rendering David a Servant in Psalm of Solomon 17.21

In the quest for Second Temple messianic traditions, Psalm of Solomon 17 serves as an indispensable touchstone. Within the psalm, v. 21 is of particular importance since it introduces the messianic...
Associations of criminal justice and substance use treatment involvement with HIV/HCV testing and the HIV treatment cascade among people who use drugs in Oakland, California

People who smoke crack cocaine and people who inject drugs are at-risk for criminal justice involvement as well as HIV and HCV infection. Compared to criminal justice involvement, substance use treatment (SUT) can be cost-effective in reducing drug use and its associated health and social costs. We conducted a cross-sectional study of people who smoke crack cocaine and people who inject drugs to examine the association between incarceration, community supervision and substance use treatment with HIV/HCV testing, components of the HIV treatment cascade, social and physical vulnerability and risk behavior. Targeted sampling methods were used to recruit people who smoke crack cocaine and people who inject drugs (N = 2072) in Oakland, California from 2011 to 2013. Poisson regression models were used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios between study exposures and outcomes. The overall HIV prevalence was 3.3% (95% CI 2.6–4.1). People previously experiencing incarceration were 21% (p < 0.001) and 32% (p = 0.001), respectively, more likely to report HIV and HCV testing; and were not more likely to report receiving HIV care or initiating ART. People previously experiencing community supervision were 17% (p = 0.001) and 15% (p = 0.009), respectively, more likely to report HIV and HCV testing; and were not more likely to report receiving HIV care or initiating ART. People with a history of SUT were 15% (p < 0.001) and 23% (p < 0.001), respectively, more likely to report receiving HIV and HCV testing, 67% (p = 0.016) more likely to report HIV care, and 92% (p = 0.012) more likely to report HIV treatment initiation. People previously experiencing incarceration or community supervision were also more likely to report homelessness, trouble meeting basic needs and risk behavior. People with a history of substance use treatment reported higher levels of HCV and HIV testing and greater access to HIV care and treatment among HIV-positive individuals. People with a history of incarceration or community supervision reported higher levels of HCV and HIV testing, but not greater access to HIV care or treatment among HIV-positive individuals., Substance use treatment programs that are integrated with other services for HIV and HCV will be critical to simultaneously address the underlying reasons drug-involved people engage in drug-related offenses and improve access to essential medical services.
Reliable and efficient mobile edge computing in highly dynamic and volatile environments

By processing sensory data in the vicinity of its generation, edge computing reduces latency, improves responsiveness, and saves network bandwidth in data-intensive applications. However, existing edge computing solutions operate under the assumption that the edge infrastructure will comprise a set of pre-deployed, custom-configured computing devices, connected by a reliable local network. Although edge computing has great potential to provision the necessary computational resources in highly dynamic and volatile environments, including disaster recovery scenes and wilderness expeditions, extant distributed system architectures in this domain are not resilient against partial failure, caused by network disconnections. In this paper, we present a novel edge computing system architecture that delivers failure-resistant and efficient applications by dynamically adapting to handle failures; if the edge server becomes unreachable, device clusters start executing the assigned tasks by communicating P2P, until the edge server becomes reachable again. Our experimental results with the reference implementation show high responsiveness and resilience in the face of partial failure. These results indicate that the presented solution can integrate the individual capacities of mobile devices into powerful edge clouds, providing efficient and reliable services for end-users in highly dynamic and volatile environments.
Use of Communication and Technology among Educational Professionals and Families

This study explored the perspectives of elementary school families and their preferences in communicating with their child’s teacher. The researchers utilized an online survey method which was distributed to the families of one elementary school. Survey questions included areas of communication patterns, perceptions, and advice for improvement regarding communication between teachers and families. Results conclude that there are some discrepancies between family and teacher communication expectations. The intended purposes of these findings are to apply communication methods between stakeholders and families to potentially improve communication methods in schools.
3D printed anthropomorphic physical phantom for mammography and DBT with high contrast custom materials, lesions, and uniform chest wall region

Anthropomorphic breast phantoms mimic anatomy to evaluate the performance of clinical mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) systems. Our goal is to make a phantom that mimics clinically relevant appearance of a patient to allow for improved imaging systems and lesion detection. We previously presented a voxelized 3D printed physical phantom with breast tissue anatomy and a uniform chest wall for evaluating standard QC metrics. In the current study, metal ink resolution patterns were designed for the uniform chest wall spanning 1.5 to 10 lp/mm to cover the resolution range of mammography and DBT systems, and including test objects and fiducial markers for future automated processing. The previous phantom had a limited range of 36%-64% breast density using the commercial photopolymer inks TangoPlus and VeroWhite. Several doped materials were tested with the aim of increasing the contrast of the fibroglandular breast tissue in the previous phantom. We created custom-made photopolymers doped with several materials, including tungsten, to increase breast density, as well as iodine to simulate contrast-enhanced lesions. We also measured a new, commercial photopolymer ink, VeroPureWhite, which corresponds to 92% breast density. The tungsten-doped material allows for 33-100% breast density range in the phantom, more than double the density range in our previous phantom. To our phantom with normal anatomy, we also added lesion inserts in the form of 3D-printed mass lesions with varying sizes and contrasts and uniform, commercially produced iodine inserts to investigate interactions of lesions without and with contrast in breast tissue.
Turbulence in the presence of internal waves in the bottom boundary layer of the California inner shelf

Turbulence measurements were collected in the bottom boundary layer of the California inner shelf near Point Sal, CA, for 2 months during summer 2015. The water column at Point Sal is stratified by temperature, and internal bores propagate through the region regularly. We collected velocity, temperature, and turbulence data on the inner shelf at a 30-m deep site. We estimated the turbulent shear production (P), turbulent dissipation rate (e), and vertical diffusive transport (T), to investigate the near-bed local turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget. We observed that the local TKE budget showed an approximate balance (P ≈ e) during the observational period, and that buoyancy generally did not affect the TKE balance. On a finer resolution timescale, we explored the balance between dissipation and models for production and observed that internal waves did not affect the balance in TKE at this depth.
N-Person Noncooperative Differential Games

In the previous four chapters we have presented the foundations for two-person zero sum differential games. In those cases, there were a single performance criterion which one player tries to minimize and the other tries to maximize. In applications, there are many situations in which more than two players and each player try to maximize (or minimize) his/her individual performance criterion, and the sum of all players’ criteria is not necessarily zero nor is it a constant. Such cases are called N-person non-zero sum differential games. A non-zero-sum game is the game in which each player chooses a strategy as his/her best response to other players’ strategies. An equilibrium, in this case, is a set of strategies such that when applied no player will profit from unilaterally changing his/her own strategy. In this Chapter, we will present some fundamental aspects of this case. First, we will present a pursuit-evasion case to get exposed to the idea of a non-zero sum game, and then extended to a general case.
Endosome trafficking: blood and more.

In the day-to-day practice of hematology, we are often asked to comment on seemingly innocuous findings such as a low neutrophil count. With the evolution of the modern genetic age, we have gained the ability to provide explanations for pathophysiological findings, thus adding to the base of knowledge regarding hematopoiesis. In this issue of Blood , Magoulas et al add to our knowledge with their thorough analysis of a rare consanguineous family, proving again the utility of studying rare disease for the benefit of wider biologic knowledge. 1 We have thus gained a deeper understanding of myelofibrosis (MF), a disease found mostly in older people, by studying it in the young.
MOANA: An Online Learned Adaptive Appearance Model for Robust Multiple Object Tracking in 3D

Multiple object tracking has been a challenging field, mainly due to noisy detection sets an identity switch caused by occlusion and similar appearance among nearby targets. Previous works rely on appearance models that are built on an individual or several selected frames for the comparison of features, but they cannot encode the long-term appearance changes caused by pose, viewing angle, and lighting conditions. In this paper, we propose an adaptive model that learns online a relatively long-term appearance change of each target. The proposed model is compatible with any feature of fixed dimension or their combination, whose learning rates are dynamically controlled by the adaptive update and spatial weighting schemes. To handle occlusion and nearby objects that are sharing a similar appearance, we also design the cross-matching and re-identification schemes based on the application of the proposed adaptive appearance models. In addition, the 3D geometry information is effectively incorporated in our formulation for data association. The proposed method outperforms all the state of the art on the MOTChallenge 3D benchmark and achieves real-time computation with only a standard desktop CPU. It has also shown superior performance over the state of the art on the 2D benchmark of MOTChallenge .
"If my family is happy, then I am happy": Quality-of-life determinants of parents of school-age children.

Objective:Obesity is a public health concern for children and adults and effective obesity prevention programming is needed urgently. The effectiveness of health-related messaging and interventions...
IN-HOSPITAL OUTCOMES AND DISCHARGE MEDICATION USE AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA VERSUS CLAUDICATION: INSIGHTS FROM THE NCDR PVI REGISTRY

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is associated with a high risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE). Among patients who undergo peripheral vascular intervention (PVI), little is known about in-hospital outcomes and evidence-based medication (EBM) use at discharge
Limits on f ( R , T ) gravity from Earth’s atmosphere

We investigate changes in Earth's atmospheric models coming from the $f(R,T)$ modified theory of gravity, in which the gravitational Lagrangian is given by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar and the trace of the stress-energy tensor. We obtain a generic form for the gravitational field equations and derive the hydrostatic equation for Earth's atmosphere for leading order terms $f(R,T)=R+2\ensuremath{\chi}T$. Based on the apparent accuracy of the 1976 U.S. Standard Atmosphere model, which varies no more than 10% from observations, we find limits of $\ensuremath{-}1.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}\ensuremath{\lesssim}\ensuremath{\chi}\ensuremath{\lesssim}1.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$.
Utility of Residency Milestones Reported to Fellowship Directors: A National Survey of Pediatric Fellowship Program Directors.

Background The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires milestone-based assessments of residents and fellows. The ACGME recently allowed fellowship programs access to the final residency milestones for incoming fellows through the ACGME Accreditation Data System. It is unknown if fellowship programs are downloading residency milestones and if fellowship program directors (FPDs) believe they have value. Objective Determine how many pediatric FPDs downloaded residency milestones and FPD perspectives on usefulness of residency milestones for first-year fellows. Methods Cross-sectional survey of pediatric FPDs in the US, with assistance from the Subspecialty Pediatrics Investigator Network (SPIN) Steering Committee. Respondents were asked whether they downloaded residency milestones and their programs’ specific use of these milestones for their first-year fellows. FPDs were asked open-ended questions about why residency milestones were or were not useful, how they could be more useful, and if they would be useful in recruitment. Descriptive statistics were used to explore quantitative data and content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Results 66.5% (532/800) of FPDs responded, representing all 14 pediatric subspecialties. Most programs (60.7%; 323/532) did not download residency milestones for their first-year fellows. Of these, 67.5% (218/323) did not know they could. Of FPDs that downloaded and reviewed residency milestones, only 27% (50/185) used them for individualized education. Only 24% (129/532) of all FPDs thought residency milestones were useful or very useful. 41% (218/532) thought residency milestones would be useful or very useful during recruitment, but some believed this may harm applicants. FPDs felt residency milestones allowed for identification of trainee needs and baseline assessments, but felt that these milestones had limited usefulness during fellowship due to concerns about lack of validity evidence, relevance, and how milestones are assessed and reported (Table). Conclusions Most pediatric subspecialty programs do not use residency milestones to tailor education for their first-year fellows and most think they have limited usefulness. While more FPDs felt that residency milestones might be useful during recruitment, there was not universal agreement. Further studies to improve validity of residency milestones may make them more useful to fellowship programs.
Risk of Cold-Hardy Apple Cultivars for Injury From the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).

An invasive species, the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), has emerged as a serious pest of orchard crops in the United States with the highest economic losses to date in Mid-Atlantic apple, Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosales: Rosaceae). If populations continue to grow and spread in the Midwest, H. halys has the potential to become a significant apple pest in the region. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk for injury from H. halys to several popular cold-hardy apple cultivars (Haralson, Honeycrisp, and Zestar!) grown in the Midwestern United States utilizing both field no-choice tests and laboratory choice tests at multiple timings. Results from the field no-choice tests revealed a greater risk for Honeycrisp from H. halys injury compared with Zestar! in mid-August. Results from the laboratory choice tests revealed a greater risk for injury by H. halys for Honeycrisp compared with Zestar! at all timings tested and a greater risk for Haralson compared with Honeycrisp at a later timing. These results echo previous findings in that relative maturity of the fruit seems to play a role in determining the risk of an apple cultivar to H. halys injury. These results also serve as the first assessment of the potential impact of H. halys on different cold-hardy apple cultivars, which will help guide growers in cultivar selection and identifying which apple cultivars should be prioritized for scouting and management efforts.
Characteristics, Origins, and Impacts of Summertime Extreme Precipitation in the Lake Mead Watershed

AbstractThe North American monsoon (NAM) is the main driver of summertime climate variability in the U.S. Southwest. Previous studies of the NAM have primarily focused on the Tier I region of the N...
Alterations in Patterns of Gene Expression and Perturbed Pathways in the Gut-Brain Axis Are Associated With Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea.

Abstract Context Despite current advances in antiemetic treatments, approximately 50% of oncology patients experience chemotherapy-induced nausea (CIN). Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate for differentially expressed genes and perturbed pathways associated with the gut-brain axis (GBA) across two independent samples of oncology patients who did and did not experience CIN. Methods Oncology patients (n = 735) completed study questionnaires in the week before their second or third cycle of chemotherapy. CIN occurrence was assessed using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale. Gene expression analyses were performed in two independent samples using ribonucleic acid sequencing (Sample 1, n = 357) and microarray (Sample 2, n = 352) methodologies. Fisher's combined probability method was used to determine genes that were differentially expressed and pathways that were perturbed between the two nausea groups across both samples. Results CIN was reported by 63.6% of the patients in Sample 1 and 48.9% of the patients in Sample 2. Across the two samples, 703 genes were differentially expressed, and 37 pathways were found to be perturbed between the two CIN groups. We identified nine perturbed pathways that are involved in mechanisms associated with alterations in the GBA (i.e., mucosal inflammation, disruption of gut microbiome). Conclusion Persistent CIN remains a significant clinical problem. Our study is the first to identify novel GBA-related pathways associated with the occurrence of CIN. Our findings warrant confirmation and suggest directions for future clinical studies to decrease CIN occurrence.
A Corpus-Based Halliday’s Transitivity Analysis of ‘To the Lighthouse’

This study explores transitivity in the novel “To the Lighthouse” (1927) by Virginia Woolfs as one of the methods of clause analysis in the ideational meta-function of language. The transitivity analysis was carried out by using AntConc 3.5.7 corpus analysis tool software, through which the text of the novel was first tagged and then analysed. This was clause analysis and all the types of processes, participants and circumstances were investigated. The research is for language researchers to analyse and interpret text of different genres of literature.
The Hospitalist Model and Oncology: Oncologist Opinions About Inpatient Cancer Care Delivery

Hospitalists, rather than oncologists, are increasingly providing inpatient medical care to hospitalized patients with cancer, yet the opinions of oncologists regarding this model of care delivery are unknown. A survey was conducted assessing these opinions and experiences with inpatient cancer care delivery at a tertiary cancer center. Only 30% of oncologists agreed that caring for hospitalized patients with cancer was an efficient use of their time, and most believed a hospitalist service allowed them to pursue other interests. Most had a positive experience with hospitalists, agreeing that hospitalists can diagnose and manage toxicities of cancer therapy, exhibit professionalism, and communicate with them and their patients appropriately. Hematologic malignancy specialists were more likely to value inpatient service time and had less confidence in the ability of hospitalists. Overall, the hospitalist model was generally accepted by oncologists and will continue to be an important part of oncologic care delivery.
Green's function formalism for nonimaging optics

Nonimaging optics is described in the context of radiative transfer theory. The radiative transport equation reduces to a local equation, whose solution can be expressed using the Green’s function formalism. This yields a surface integral equation for the radiance, which can be useful for analytical and numerical calculations.
All-Optical Cryogenic Thermometry Based on Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Nanodiamonds

The nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond offers a platform for high-sensitivity temperature sensing at the nanoscale. Extension of such thermometry to low temperatures has been limited, though, as techniques based on spin resonances lose sensitivity. The authors show that an alternative, all-optical technique works from room temperature down to liquid-nitrogen temperature, with no deterioration in thermal sensitivity. Using an array of diamond nanoparticles embedded in a polymer membrane, they measure a temperature gradient on the surface of yttrium iron garnet under local heating, which suggests that this technique could reveal crucial spatiothermal details in spin-caloritronic systems.
Pulmonary function testing in patients with neuromuscular disease.

Progressive neuromuscular disease leads to muscle weakness or failure that produces loss of pulmonary function and clinical respiratory morbidity. Tracking pulmonary function in a practical and effective way is very important because it can help identify a stage of disease when a morbidity, such as inadequate airway clearance or respiratory failure, may be present. There are four general categories of pulmonary function outcome measures such as volume, flow, pressure, and gas exchange. These outcome measures have variable precision and accuracy in predicting clinical change, and practicality in performing them relative to age and condition. It is widely recommended to follow multiple measurements longitudinally and create an accurate and timely clinical picture. This manuscript will review the most commonly used and most practical measures for use in clinical practice and how they can help to assess morbidity, disease state, and help optimize patient management.
Evaluation of biogenic markers-based phenotyping for resistance to Aphanomyces root rot in field pea

Abstract Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plants can reveal information about plant adaptation, defense processes, and biological pathways. Thus, such VOC data may be utilized to capture phenotypic plant responses to the environment. In this study, the main objective was to evaluate the potential of biogenic compounds, including VOCs, to phenotype two pea cultivars, Ariel (susceptible) and Hampton (high levels of partial resistance) for resistance to Aphanomyces root rot disease. Plants were monitored non-destructively for VOC emission at three-time points (15, 20, and 30 days after inoculation, DAI) using dynamic headspace sampling with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) system, as well as destructively at the end of the experiments, using solvent extraction and pyrolysis of both shoot and root tissues. A non-inoculated control (mock-inoculated with distilled water) was utilized to compare the plant responses within a cultivar. The common chemical peaks between control and inoculated samples of both cultivars (RTcm) were analyzed after normalizing the relative peak intensity of inoculated samples with those of control samples, prior to a comparison between cultivars. In addition, unique chemical peaks (RTuq) present in inoculated samples, but not in control samples were also identified and their relative peak intensities were compared. Among the released green leaf volatiles (RTcm), the normalized relative peak intensity of hexanal emission, at 20 DAI, was higher in Ariel than that of Hampton. In addition, several putative chemical peaks (both RTcm and RTuq), previously known as indicators for disease response, exhibited some differences in their emission rates between pea cultivars in at least one of the time points. The destructive sampling revealed that shoot samples produced more putative unique biomarkers (RTuq) than the root samples. Based on the differences in putative chemical peaks between cultivars, this initial study supports the concept of utilization of biogenic biomarker-based phenotyping in distinguishing levels of resistance in the evaluated pea cultivars. More research is needed to further this approach for phenotyping other plant cultivars. Upon validation, the VOC profile integrated with high-throughput VOC sensing techniques can serve as a novel mechanism for phenotyping disease responses in crops.
Self-Assembled Nanostructures

A binary monolayer on an elastic substrate may self-organize into ordered nanoscale phase patterns. Here we report a work of using a substrate strain field to guide the self-assembly process. The study shows that straining a substrate uniformly does not influence the pattern. However, a non-uniform strain field significantly influences the size, shape and distribution of self-assembled features. The study suggests a method of strain field design to make various monolayer patterns.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Adsorption properties of poly(NIPAM-co-AA) immobilized on silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles prepared with different acrylic acid content for various heavy metal ions

Abstract Recyclable thermoresponsive heavy metal adsorbents, poly(NIPAM-co-AA) immobilized on silica-coated magnetite nanoparticle (MNP) were prepared by changing the weight ratio between N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and acrylic acid (AA) monomer and employed for heavy metal ion recovery. The results showed that the adsorbent with the smallest AA amount of 28 mol% in the copolymer exhibited both the highest immobilized copolymer amount of 0.489 g-copolymer/g-MNP and Cu(II) adsorption capacity of 0.511 mol/g-MNP. The result of competitive adsorption using Cu(II), Co(II), Mn(II) and Ni(II) showed that the adsorbent had significant selectivity for Cu(II). Cu(II) recovery from the saturated adsorbent was achieved by merely changing the solution temperature from 50 to 10 °C without using acidic solution, and no deterioration of Cu(II) recovery performance was observed in several cycles. The adsorbent achieved a comparable maximum adsorbed amount with a higher desorption ratio by temperature swing with shorter operation time compared to the other thermoresponsive hydrogel adsorbents. In addition to an isothermal bath heating, induction heating of MNP was applied to control the solution temperature for Cu(II) recovery. The results showed that essentially the same Cu(II) recovery property with shorter recovery time was obtained using the induction heating compared to the isothermal bath heating.
Implementation and maintenance of an emergency department naloxone distribution and peer recovery specialist program.

STUDY OBJECTIVE Emergency department (ED)-based naloxone distribution and peer-based behavioral counseling have been shown to be feasible, but little is known about utilization maintenance over time and clinician, patient, and visit level factors influencing implementation. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of an ED overdose prevention program providing take-home naloxone, behavioral counseling, and treatment linkage for patients treated for an opioid overdose at two Rhode Island EDs from 2017 to 2020: one tertiary referral center and a community hospital. Utilizing a Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework, we evaluated program reach, adoption, implementation modifiers, and maintenance using logistic and Poisson regression. RESULTS Seven hundred forty two patients were discharged after an opioid overdose, comprising 966 visits (median: 32 visits per month; interquartile range: 29, 41). At least one intervention was provided at most (86%, 826/966) visits. Take-home naloxone was provided at 69% of visits (637/919). Over half (51%, 495/966) received behavioral counseling and treatment referral (65%, 609/932). Almost all attending physicians provided take-home naloxone (97%, 105/108), behavioral counseling (95%, 103/108), or treatment referral (95%, 103/108) at least once. Most residents and advanced practice practitioners (APPs) provided take home naloxone (78% residents; 72% APPs), behavioral counseling (76% residents; 67% APPs), and treatment referral (80% residents; 81% APPs) at least once. Most clinicians provided these services for over half of the opioid overdose patients they cared for. Patients were twice as likely to receive behavioral counseling when treated by an attending in combination with a resident and/or APP (adjusted odds ratio: 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.68, 3.12) compared to an attending alone. There was no depreciation in use over time. CONCLUSIONS ED naloxone distribution, behavioral counseling, and referral to treatment can be successfully integrated into usual emergency care and maintained over time with high reach and adoption. Further work is needed to identify low-cost implementation strategies to improve services use and dissemination across clinical settings.
Human Memory and the New Science of Learning

This chapter describes the characteristics of human memory, including the way humans input sensory data into their memory systems, organize the information in an effort to make sense of it, and store the information for further use. The attributes of each of the components will be described, and the implications these components have for learning in the age of technology will be discussed in detail. This chapter will also examine the cognitive processes involved in moving information from one component of the human memory system to another, including learner strategies for storing information most efficiently and the elements of human motivation that provide the impetus for using the strategies. Particular emphasis will be placed on human working memory, its limitations, what learners can do to accommodate those limitations, and how technological systems can be designed to capitalize on both the characteristics of working memory and the factors that increase human motivation. The role of metacognition in the process of gathering, organizing, and storing data in the human memory system will be briefly introduced to provide a transition to the chapter that follows.
Redesigning care processes using an electronic health record: a system's experience.

Article-at-a-Glance Background Implementation of health information technology (HIT) has encountered many difficulties and produced mixed outcomes. Yet Trinity Health, a major integrated delivery system, successfully leveraged implementation of a systemwide electronic health record (EHR) to promote process redesign and continuous quality improvement. Implementing a Systemwide EHR After several years of planning, two waves of EHR implementation were launched, in 2001 and 2003. One system HIT team collaborated with each hospital team for 18 months before its 24-hour transition to the EHR. During EHR planning, the system HIT team used five principles of redesign of care processes: (1) identify and address safety problems, (2) promote evidence-based practices, (3) reduce practice variations and standardize terminologies and care processes, (4) improve communication and relationships among clinician roles, and (5) augment multiple uses of data in HIT–supported care processes. Patient-centered work flows were developed to design improved patient care processes for different types of patients, such as medical inpatients and emergency outpatients. These admission-to-discharge work flows addressed gaps in quality, safety, and efficiency and helped ensure that the EHR and decision supports reflected crucial interactions among clinicians and with the patient. By the end of 2008, 13 of Trinity Health's 17 major health care organizations ("ministries") made the transformation to using EHRs. Discussion EHR–supported care redesign requires development of substantial system capacities in clinical informatics, customization and standardization of vendor's products, collaboration and coordination between system and hospital implementation teams, quality training for clinicians and change agents, and significant clinician participation in local preparations.
Linear prediction error method for blind identification of time-varying channels: theoretical results

Blind channel estimation for SIMO time-varying channels is considered using only the second-order statistics of the data. The time-varying channel is assumed to be described by a complex exponential basis expansion model (CE-BEM). The linear prediction error method for blind identification of time-invariant channels is extended to time-varying channels represented by a CE-BEM. Sufficient conditions for identifiability are investigated. The cyclostationary nature of the received signal is exploited to estimate consistently the time-varying correlation function of the data from a single observation record. The focus of the paper is on certain theoretical issues.
Rethinking the Driver Population Factor: Examination of Freeways in California

Freeway analysis procedures in the widely used Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) include the input of a driver population factor (Fp), which allows the analyst to adjust the demand depending on the familiarity of drivers with the roadway. This adjustment is based on the assumption that unfamiliar drivers will drive at slower speeds with longer headways and that higher capacity would therefore be required. However, little research supports the use of the Fp, and the HCM cautions against the use of Fp unless the analyst is fairly certain the traffic stream is actually unfamiliar with the roadway. As an experiment, three bottlenecks in California were selected and analyzed during the weekday peaks and weekend afternoons in periods during which the traffic stream was likely to be nonlocal. The results showed that the changes in flow were minor at all three locations. Further research with additional sites and an increased awareness of the definition of familiarity will be required to confirm the results from this...
Structure and concentrating ability in the avian kidney

We quantified various aspects of the morphology of the kidney in seven bird species and related these measures to urinary concentrating ability (the concentration of ureteral urine in dehydrated animals) for six of the species. Kidney mass, number of glomeruli, and number of medullary cones all tended to increase with body mass. Smaller birds, with smaller kidneys, had smaller nephrons with smaller glomeruli. Lengths of medullary cones tended to increase with body mass and were exceptionally long in the macaroni penguin. The proportion of nephrons that were mammalian-type (MT, with loops of Henle) ranged from 7% (ring-necked pheasant) to 30% (zebra finch, glaucous-winged gull) and was unrelated to kidney mass. The percent of kidney mass comprised of medullary cones varied from 5 to 13%, unrelated to kidney mass. The number of reptilian-type (without loops of Henle) nephrons associated with each medullary cone tended to increase with kidney mass. Of the variables examined, length of the medullary cones, and hence of the longest loops of Henle, was most strongly correlated with urinary concentrating ability; however, this correlation was negative. Concentrating ability was also strongly negatively correlated with body mass (small birds concentrate better). No significant relation existed between concentrating ability and proportion of MT nephrons. Our data suggest that, in a broad interspecific comparison, the quantitative extent of the renal medulla is not the primary determinant of urinary concentrating ability in birds.
On asymptotically correct Timoshenko-like anisotropic beam theory

Abstract This paper presents a finite element cross-sectional beam analysis capable of capturing transverse shear effects. The approach uses the variational-asymptotic method and can handle beams of general cross-sectional shape and arbitrary anisotropic material. The work builds on previous works which deal with development of the classical beam theory, which includes only extension, torsion, and bending. A Timoshenko-like formulation is sought to achieve a refined theory with simple boundary conditions. Apart from some simple special cases, it is shown that this problem is overdetermined. However, it is possible to obtain `the best possible' solution using the least-squares minimization technique. The geometrical meaning of the shear variable for this formulation is also derived. Results are found to be in good agreement with published results for the shear stiffness coefficients for both isotropic and anisotropic beams.
Enhancement of electrically elicited startle by amygdaloid stimulation.

Previous experiments showed that acoustic startle amplitude can be enhanced by electrical stimulation of the amygdala. Because the acoustic startle pathway is organized in a serial fashion, startle can be elicited electrically with progressively shorter latencies by stimulating different points along this pathway [i.e., ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), paralemniscal zone (PLZ), nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (RPC) or medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)]. The present study evaluated the temporal characteristics of the facilitatory effect of amygdaloid stimulation on startle elicited electrically from different points along the acoustic startle pathway. A single 0.1-msec pulse was delivered to the central nucleus of the amygdala at various times before the onset of a 1-msec pulse in various sites in the startle pathway. The shortest amygdaloid stimulation-startle onset interval to significantly enhance startle was 0 msec for the VCN, 2 msec for the PLZ, 3 msec for the RPC and 7 msec for the MLF. These results indicate that amygdaloid stimulation enhances electrically elicited startle in a temporal manner that is complementary to facilitation of acoustic startle. The similarity of amygdala-stimulated enhancement and fear potentiation of electrically elicited startle is also discussed.
Active clutter reduction through fusion with passive data

Active and passive sonar systems often provide complementary information. Active systems generally provide good localization but are subject to high rates of clutter from bottom and volumetric scatterers. Passive systems generally have good resolution only in bearing and only can detect objects that emit acoustic energy. By fusing measurements from both types of systems, the passive data can be used to reduce the clutter in the active data. The result is improved target tracking, as shown in two examples, including the injection of a single target into a recorded active clutter dataset.
Adrenal incidentaloma: Does an adequate workup rule out surprises?

Background Adrenal incidentaloma remains a diagnostic challenge. Despite well-established management guidelines, the long-term results of following these guidelines are unknown. We sought to determine how accurately these guidelines identify functioning incidentalomas and how often these guidelines result in adrenalectomy for benign tumors. Methods We catalogued adrenal incidentalomas from a retrospective review of 500 consecutive adrenalectomies at a single institution. The outcome measures studied were patient demographics, preoperative biochemical analysis, imaging characteristics, tumor size, type of operation performed, and postoperative histologic diagnosis. Results Eighty-one of the 500 adrenalectomies performed were for incidentalomas. Size was the only significant characteristic that distinguished cortical cancers from benign adenomas. Only 1 out of 26 functioning tumors was incorrectly identified on preoperative workup. We also found that 25% of cortisol-secreting incidentalomas were cystic, and that benign adenomas accounted for 42% of all tumors resected. Conclusion Current guidelines accurately predict the functional status of adrenal incidentalomas. Some cystic lesions may be functioning and should therefore be screened for hormonal hypersecretion. However, even with the most up-to-date diagnostic tools available, most adrenal incidentalomas resected are benign tumors.
“She’s My Baby”: How Recently Incarcerated Fathers Experience Their Relationship with Their Daughters

The lived experience of recently incarcerated fathers and their perception of the impact of incarceration on their relationship with their daughters were explored in this phenomenological study. Thirteen fathers living in transitional housing following incarceration were interviewed about their relationship with their eldest daughter under the age of 18 years. The framework of the study was primarily guided by Moustakas’s Phenomenological Transcendental approach to gain a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of fathers’ experiences through their attitudes, recollections, feelings and perceptions regarding this relationship. Findings reflected fathers reevaluating relationships with women after the birth of their daughters, decision-making about whether to contact their daughters during incarceration and reentry, identifying as their daughters’ protector, recognizing that their incarceration affected their daughters, and experiencing both optimism and apprehensiveness in reconnecting with their daughters during the reentry process. The study shows the need for more research and clinical practice on the special dynamics of father-daughter relationships when a man has been incarcerated.
Classifying graphical information

Abstract The research lays the groundwork for a taxonomy of visual representations by establishing a methodology for determining the kinds of knowledge conveyed by different graphical representations. In the first of two experiments, the basic categories and dimensions of a set of graphics were established using a sorting procedure. Five principal categories emerged: graphs/tables, maps, diagrams, networks, and icons. Furthermore, two principal dimensions characterize these groups: amount of spatial information and amount of cognitive processing effort. The second experiment validated and extended this understanding of the cognitive structure of visual representations. In that experiment, similarity among items was assessed using pairwise similarity judgements. The results confirmed the original categories and revealed distinct differences between subjects who did or did not have graphic arts training.
Pentafluorophenylchlorine(III) difluoride

Abstract Pentafluorophenylchlorine(III) difluoride has been prepared by the oxidation of pentafluorophenyl chloride at 117°C with elemental fluorine.
Diurnal changes in serotonin content of frontal pole and pain sensitivity in the rat

Abstract This study examined the relationship between diurnal variations in pain sensitivity, and serotonin content of frontal pole, hippocampus and amygdala in the rat. Rats demonstrated significantly longer paw-lick latencies in response to a painful thermal stimulus during light hours as compared with dark hours. Similarly, all three brain regions demonstrated a significantly higher serotonin content during light as compared with dark hours. There was a significant correlation (0.66) between paw-lick latencies and serotonin content of frontal pole but not with serotonin content of hippocampus or amygdala. The occurrence, in a normal animal, of a heightened sensitivity to a painful stimulus during dark hours when serotonin content of brain is also lowest is consistent with studies demonstrating that lowering of serotonin content by means of lesions, drugs or tryptophan deficient diets also produces an increased sensitivity to painful stimuli.
Resident awareness of documentation requirements and reimbursement: a multi-institutional survey.

Background The current economic environment necessitates efforts to prevent avoidable losses in clinical revenue in academic cardiothoracic surgery programs. Inadequate documentation frequently results in delayed, denied, or reduced reimbursement. With the recent increase in integrated residency programs, documentation and compliance are becoming increasingly dependent on junior residents; however, their understanding of reimbursement and documentation guidelines is currently unknown. Methods An electronically distributed, multi-institutional survey of 6 general and subspecialty surgery programs was conducted consisting of open-ended numeric estimation of Medicare reimbursement for various levels of patient encounters. Closed-ended questions were used to assess resident knowledge of documentation requirements, accompanied by self-estimated compliance with those requirements. Results Thirty-seven percent (n = 106) of residents completed the survey. Most residents (77%) believe they play the primary role in documentation; however, knowledge of and compliance with higher level documentation practices range from 19% to 78% and 41% to 76%, respectively. On average, residents overestimate Medicare reimbursement of lower level encounters by as much as 77% and underestimate higher level encounters by as much as 38%. In many cases, the standard deviation of residents' estimates approaches the actual reimbursement value. Conclusions Residents have a limited knowledge of documentation requirements. Self-reported compliance, even when guidelines are known, is low. Estimation of financial reimbursement is extremely variable. Residents overestimate reimbursement of lower level encounters and underappreciate reimbursement at higher levels. Ensuring appropriate reimbursement for services rendered will require formal cardiothoracic resident education and ongoing quality control.