cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simplified method of identifying severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice versus non-SCID mice by flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood

Several studies have utilized simple breeding strategies to create new immunodeficient mouse strains from severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice and non-SCID mice with secondary traits in order to evaluate the involvement of lymphocytes and immune responses in a variety of processes. We utilized a breeding strategy with C.B-17scid/scid (SCID) (H-2d) mice and SJL (H-2s) mice to generate immunodeficient mice that were histocompatible with the inbred SJL strain (H-2s) in order to evaluate the role of histocompatible recipient lymphocytes in adoptively transferred autoimmune disease mediated by SJL T lymphocytes. [SCID × SJL]F1 mice (heterozygous for H-2 loci and heterozygous for the SCID mutation) were backcrossed with SCID mice and the resulting offspring expressed a variety of phenotypes, including SCID or non-SCID and H-2s/H-2d or H-2d/H-2d. In order to screen offspring for the desired phenotype (SCID, H-2s), a flow cytometric method utilizing forward- and side-scatter parameters of peripheral blood cells was used to distinguish SCID from non-SCID animals. This method simplified the screening process and was as reliable as anti-CD3 fluorescent monoclonal antibody staining for detecting the presence (non-SCID) or absence (SCID) of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Cytometry 32:274–279, 1998. Published 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Assimilation or enduring racial boundaries? Generational differences in intermarriage among Asians and Latinos in the United States

Abstract Are post-1965 Asian and Latino immigrant groups’ assimilation patterns more similar to those of turn-of-the-century European immigrants or African Americans? This study uses intermarriage data as an indicator of assimilation, viewed broadly as the breaking down of group boundaries. Using data from the 1994 to 1998 Current Population Survey (CPS), I find that while first generation Asians, Latinos, and Europeans have similar intermarriage rates, third generation Europeans intermarried much more than third generation Asians or Latinos. Europeans also made much greater gains in intermarriage from the second generation to the third. However, all groups intermarry at much higher rates than African Americans. These findings, which are not explained by age, group size, ethnic solidarity, or education, suggest that the patterns and pace of marital assimilation are quite different for contemporary immigrant groups than for past Europeans or African Americans. I argue that the intermediate nature of the Asian and Latino assimilation patterns reflects these groups’ in-between space on a continuum of ascription, with African Americans, as the most racialized group in the United States, at one end, and descendants of European immigrants at the other.
New approaches to the study of movements: Defining movements rhetorically

(1972). New approaches to the study of movements: Defining movements rhetorically. Western Speech: Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 82-88.
Interlamellar failure at transcrystalline interfaces in glass/polypropylene composites

Abstract Transcrystalline microstructures are normally not observed at the interface between E-glass fibers and an isotactic polypropylene matrix, unless mechanical translation is applied to the fiber while it is in the supercooled polymer melt. We demonstrate here that transcrystallinity can form at the surface of E-glass fibers if appropriate nucleating agents are used to coat the fibers. These agents can nucleate either the α (monoclinic) or β (hexagonal) crystal forms of polypropylene. Single-fiber composite experiments were performed to assess the effect of transcrystallinity on matrix deformation. The preliminary results presented here reveal the occurrence of a previously unreported damage mechanism by which interlamellar fractures form preferentially at the interface well before any bulk matrix damage occurs. The density of this damage zone is higher in transcrystallinity of the β crystal form than of the α form, although it was found that in the α form the damage can propagate into the matrix. The occurrence of this damage mechanism suggests that toughness increases may potentially be obtained by careful design of the interfacial transcrystalline region in E-glass/polypropylene composites.
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD APPENDICITIS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

To better understand the etiology of childhood appendicitis, a case-control study of this disease was conducted among 135 children who underwent an appendectomy between November 1980 and December 1982. Two hundred twelve comparison children, matched to these cases by age, sex, and admission date, were selected from the orthopedic and short stay services of the same hospital. Children having one or more first degree relatives with a positive history of appendectomy for appendicitis were 1.2 times more likely to develop appendicitis (p > 0.10) than children without this history. No significant increase in risk for appendicitis was noted in children having parents with a positive history of appendectomy for appendicitis, but children with one or more siblings affected by this disease were 9.5 time more likely to have appendicitis (p < 0.05). As the proportion of family members with a positive history of appendectomy increased, the risk of childhood appendicitis increased (p = 0.002). A significant protective effect was demonstrated between intake of cereal fiber in the upper 50th percentile and risk of appendicitis (relative risk: 0.53, p < 0.05). A significant "dose-response" effect was also noted between increasing levels of whole-grain cereal intake and decreasing risk of appendicitis (p = 0.024). The roles of birthweight, growth indices, allergies, laxatives, and constipation were also investigated, and none of these factors was associated with childhood appendicitis.
Precisely Defined Amphiphilic Graft Copolymers

A family of precisely defined amphiphilic polyethylene-g-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers has been synthesized using ADMET polycondensation chemistry. Altering the graft distribution and graft end group controls the morphology of the material: the polymers can be either semicrystalline or rendered completely amorphous. The precise monomer structures have been confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis; the corresponding polymer structures have been confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR and FTIR. Melting temperatures can be controlled over a 60 °C range and glass transition temperature over 40 °C. Melting temperatures are incident with n-paraffin molecules having lengths similar to the static methylene sequence length between PEG branches. The observed thermal data are attributed to the crystallization of the polyethylene backbone, resulting in the exclusion of the PEG branches from the crystal, a result confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
ELECTRODYNAMICS OF A CLEAN VORTEX LATTICE

We report on a microscopic evaluation of electrodynamic response for the vortex lattice state of a model s-wave superconductor. Our calculation accounts self-consistently for both quasiparticle and order-parameter response and establishes the collective nature of linear response in the clean limit. We discuss the effects of homogeneous and inhomogeneous pinning on the optical conductivity and the penetration depth, and comment on the relationship between macroscopic and local penetration depths. We find unexpected relationships between pinning arrangements and conductivity due to the strongly nonlocal response.
Defining the Electrocardiogram in the Neonate with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a severe form of congenital heart disease characterized by underdevelopment of the left heart. There has been no previously defined "classic" ECG pattern in a large homogenous population of patients with HLHS. We performed a retrospective review of ECGs from neonates with HLHS from 2001 to 2011 with electrocardiograms available prior to surgical intervention. Eighty-nine neonates met the inclusion criteria and were compared to a control population. HLHS patients had a longer PR interval 108 ± 18 versus 98 ± 11 ms (p < 0.05), a wider QRS complex 84 ± 17 versus 54 ± 5 ms (p < 0.05), lower voltage S waves in V1 2.0 ± 3.3 versus 5.8 ± 4.6 mm (p < 0.001) or absent S waves in V1 52 versus 4 % (p < 0.001) and lower voltage R waves in V6 7.8 ± 4.8 versus 9.3 ± 4.2 mm (p < 0.05). Patients with HLHS were more likely to have absent Q waves in the lateral precordial leads 78 versus 0 % (p < 0.001) and inferior leads 20 versus 1 % (p < 0.001) and an abnormal frontal plane QRS axis 26 versus 11 % (p < 0.05). HLHS patients were more likely to have a preexcited appearance 11 versus 0 % (p = 0.001). Despite these findings, 20 % of patients with HLHS had a normal ECG. Compared to age-matched controls, patients with HLHS were more likely to exhibit a longer PR interval, a wider QRS complex, decreased left-sided forces, an absence of septal Q waves in the inferior and lateral leads, an abnormal frontal plane QRS axis and a preexcited appearance.
Continental aerosol properties inferred from measurements of direct and diffuse solar irradiance

[1] Aerosol particles affect the global energy budget and Earth's climate through the absorption and scattering of both solar and terrestrial radiation. Here we present a study of column-averaged aerosol optical properties derived from clear-sky measurements of the direct and diffuse components of the solar downwelling spectral and broadband irradiance during a 10-day observation period at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) facility in central Oklahoma in the fall of 2001. Using a radiative transfer model and Mie calculations of the optical properties of standard continental aerosol components and assuming a constant aerosol composition with altitude, we determine the phenomenological aerosol model that best fits both the direct and diffuse spectral irradiances. Internal and external homogeneous aerosol mixtures were considered, along with single-aerosol and coated sphere models. We find that the irradiance data is well fit statistically by at least one of the models for every clear-sky time considered during the observations period, with no excess gaseous absorption required to fit the data. By far the best fitting model consisted of ultrafine (∼5–30 nm radius) coated spheres with absorbing black carbon cores and nonabsorbing shells of water or a similar substance. The mean value of the 500-nm aerosol single-scattering albedos for the entire 10-day period was 0.76. These results indicate that absorbing carbonaceous aerosols can have a significant radiative impact even in rural settings.
Controller Synthesis of Tracking and Synchronization for Multiaxis Motion System

Accurate motion control for multiaxis motion systems is an important issue for manufacturing industry. In this brief, an adaptive robust control scheme is implemented to synthesize the compensator for tracking and synchronization with the consideration of cross-coupling dynamics among different axes. By using the adaptive strategies, the asymptotic convergence of both tracking and synchronization errors are achieved. The robust control scheme also guarantees the transient performance, tracking errors, and synchronization errors. Experimental results of a three-axis motion system that include system uncertainties and nonlinearity are also illustrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach for different scenarios. The results indicate excellent transient performance as well as both tracking and synchronization accuracies.
Certainty equivalent control of stochastic systems: Stability property

This work presents sufficient conditions for infinite and sliding finite-horizon certainty equivalence controllers to stabilize discrete linear systems disturbed by scalar multiplicative white noise sequences. These conditions also guarantee stabilizability by the optimal controllers.
Environment-dependent indentation recovery of select soda-lime silicate glasses

Abstract Indentations made on silicate glasses can easily be affected by the environment. In the present work, indentations were made on select commercial float glasses as well as on experimental soda-lime silicate glasses using a 1 mm diameter spherical tungsten carbide ball-mounted Brinell indenter. Recovery of indentations made on the glass samples was measured in different environments, namely, 100 °C, room temperature/room humidity and 100% relative humidity, as a function of time by using a Zygo laser non-contact profiliometer. Elastic (Young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio) and indentation (Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, brittleness and fracture surface energy) properties of the glasses were also determined by a pulse-echo and Vickers indentation methods, respectively, to correlate with the recovery of indentations. The elastic properties and Vickers hardness are directly proportional to the packing ions present in the glass structure and the strength of an individual bond, whereas the brittleness and fracture toughness more likely depend on molar volume of the glasses. According to the applied environment, a recovery rate of indentations follows the order: room temperature/room humidity
Structural evidence that alkoxy substituents adopt electronically preferred pseudoaxial orientations in six-membered ring dioxocarbenium ions

Nucleophilic substitution reactions of monosubstituted tetrahydropyran acetals give opposite selectivities when a remote alkyl or alkoxy substituent is present at C-4. Coupled with earlier computational reports on the intermediates of glycosylation reactions, these results are consistent with the preference for the oxocarbenium ion intermediate derived from alkoxy-substituted tetrahydropyran acetals to occupy a pseudoaxial conformation. Theoretical, spectroscopic, and X-ray crystallographic evidence of this conformational preference in an analogous and more stable dioxocarbenium ion are provided. This contrasteric preference for an axial orientation of an alkoxy substituent likely derives from the electronically favored pseudoaxial orientation of remote electronegative substituents in neutral six-membered rings possessing electron-deficient carbon atoms.
Tetrachloroethylene oxide: hydrolytic products and reactions with phosphate and lysine.

Tetrachloroethylene, or perchloroethylene (PCE), has considerable industrial use and is of toxicological interest because of a variety of effects. Most of the existing literature presents PCE oxide...
Vowel harmony in Buchan Scots English

In this article, I discuss vowel reduction, stress, and vowel harmony in Buchan Scots English, a dialect spoken in Aberdeenshire in northern Scotland. Work by Wolck (1965) describes Buchan Scots English as having vowel harmony. This article explores the conditions that restrict the distribution of vowels in those syllables that do not receive a primary stress. Such syllables allow a smaller range of contrasts, and vowel height in these syllables is at least partially predictable from a preceding stressed vowel. These facts show that both vowel reduction and vowel harmony operate in Buchan Scots English.
Induction of ovalbumin-specific cytotoxic T cells by in vivo peptide immunization.

CTL recognize peptide forms of processed, foreign antigens in association with class I molecules encoded by the MHC and are usually directed against endogenously synthesized "cellular antigens," such as those expressed by virus-infected cells. In vitro studies have shown that small exogenous peptides can directly associate with class I molecules on the cell surface and mimic the target complex derived by intracellular processing and presentation. We have recently generated OVA-specific, H-2Kb-restricted CTL by immunizing C57BL/6 mice with a syngeneic tumor line transfected with the OVA cDNA. The CTL recognize the OVA transfectant E.G7-OVA and the synthetic peptide OVA258-276, but fail to recognize the native protein. We reasoned that given the potential for direct peptide/class I association observed in vitro, OVA258-276 may induce CTL after in vivo priming. However, we found that this is not the case. OVA258-276 and peptides of increasing lengths up to OVA242-276 and OVA242-285, which are all able to form the target complex in vitro, are inefficient at priming E.G7-OVA-specific CTL responses after intravenous injection. This is also true for both native and denatured OVA. In contrast to these results the synthetic peptide OVA229-276 corresponding to a peptide in a partial tryptic digestion of OVA can efficiently prime C57BL/6 mice in vivo after intravenous injection. This peptide elicits CTL that appear identical to those derived from animals immunized with syngeneic cells producing OVA endogenously. These results are discussed in terms of separate class I and class II antigen presentation pathways and the ability of only certain, exogenous antigens to enter the cytoplasmic, class I pathway.
Minerals: Exercise performance and supplementation in athletes*

Abstract This paper examines whether mineral supplements are necessary for athletes, and whether these supplements will enhance performance. Macrominerals (calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) and trace minerals (zinc, copper, selenium, chromium, and iron) are described. Calcium supplements are important for the health of bones. Athletes tend to have enhanced calcium status as assessed by bone mineral density, with the notable exception of female amenorrhoeic athletes. Magnesium status is adequate for most athletes, and there is no evidence that magnesium supplements can enhance performance. Phosphorus status is adequate for athletes. Phosphorus supplementation over an extended period of time can result in lowered blood calcium, however, some studies have shown that acute ‘phosphate loading’ will enhance performance. Athletes may have a zinc deficiency induced by poor diet and loss of zinc in sweat and urine. Limited data exist on the relationship of performance and zinc status. Widespread deficiencies in ...
The elements of an electrocardiographic lead tensor theory

This report describes a method by which the concepts of the lead vector and the lead field may be extended to include equivalent cardiac singularities above the first order. The theoretical treatment results in generalization of the well-known lead vector principle into a lead tensor apparatus. The specific electrocardiographic contribution of annth order multipole is found to be the product of annth rank contravariant (“heart”) tensor by a covariant (“lead”) tensor of the same rank, and with identical indices. Methods are also described whereby lead tensor components may be cast into a form which relates them directly to the more usual, spherical harmonic notation of multipolar current generators. Some attention is devoted to the possibility of applying lead tensors to biomedical problems, particularly to the prospect of quantitatively evaluating the significant multipolar components of the human heart.
Saturable transport of Ca into CSF in chronic hypo- and hypercalcemia.

To further characterize possible saturable transport of Ca into CSF during chronic plasma [Ca] changes, weanling rats were fed diets differing in Ca for 10 weeks. Transfer coefficients for unidirectional uptake of 45Ca and 36Cl into CSF (Kcsf) were determined 3 or 10 min after intravenous tracer injection in unanesthetized animals. In rats fed low Ca diet, Kcsfs for 45Ca and 36Cl were elevated above control, but the 45Ca/36Cl ratio for Kcsf, a more specific measure of Ca transport, was also increased. In animals fed high Ca diet, Kcsfs of both radiotracers were not statistically different from control, but the 45Ca/36Cl ratio was decreased. Injection of CaCl2 into hypocalcemic rats elevated plasma [Ca], depressed 45Ca Kcsf, and returned the 45Ca/36Cl ratio to the control value. The inverse relationship between plasma ionized [Ca] and 45Ca Kcsf was fitted to saturation kinetics with Km less than or equal to 0.53 mumol/ml, maximal Ca influx for the saturable component between 27 and 67 x 10(-5) mumol.g-1.s-1, and the passive component of Kcsf less than or equal to 15 x 10(-5) ml.g-1.s-1. We conclude that Ca transport into CSF is saturable and this transport is important in the regulation of CSF [Ca].
Artificial intelligence and large scale computation: A physics perspective

Abstract We study the macroscopic behavior of computation and examine both emergent collective phenomena and dynamical aspects with an emphasis on software issues, which are at the core of large scale distributed computation and artificial intelligence systems. By considering large systems, we exhibit novel phenomena which cannot be foreseen from examination of their smaller counterparts. We review both the symbolic and connectionist views of artificial intelligence, provide a number of examples which display these phenomena, and resort to statistical mechanics, dynamical systems theory and the theory of random graphs to elicit the range of possible behaviors.
Geology and geochemistry of gas-charged sediment on Kodiak Shelf, Alaska

Methane concentrations in some sediment cores from the Kodiak Shelf and adjacent continental slope increase with depth by three or four orders of magnitude and exceed the solubility in water at ambient conditions. Acoustic anomalies in seismic-reflection records imply that methane-rich sediment is widespread. Molecular composition of hydrocarbon gases and isotopic composition of methane indicate gas formation by shallow biogenic processes. Stratigraphic positions of acoustic anomalies in Quaternary glacial and posttransgressive sediments suggest that these units are likely sources of gas. A seep along the extension of a fault may be gas venting from a deeper thermogenic source.
Phylogenetic implications of karyotypic variation in the Batagurinae (Testudines: Emydidae)

The present study examined karyotypes of 16 genera and, along with previous reports, chromosomal data are now available for 18 of the 23 recognized batagurine genera. There are no karyotypic data available for the members of McDowell's (1964) Hardella complex. The Batagur, Heosemys and Geoemyda complexes retain the hypothesized primitive karyotype for the subfamily (2n=52). All the genera in these three complexes have been examined except Batagur and Annamemys. The Orlitia complex is karyotypically distinct with 2n=50 and the NOR located terminally on a large microchromosome. The genus Malayemys inclusion in the Batagur complex is not supported. Malayemys is characterized by a 2n=50 karyotype, with the NOR located interstitially on a large microchromosome. The Malayemys complex is erected to contain this genus at a point intermediate between the Orlitia complex and the subfamily Emydinae. Malayemys and the emydines are karyotypically indistinguishable. The Neotropical genus Rhinoclemmys (Geoemyda complex) differs only slightly from the primitive batagurine karyotype in the position of the NOR. The species R. funerea and R. punctularia further differ in possessing one less metacentric macrochomosome. An interesting situation involves two subspecies of R. punctularia. The nominate subspecies is characterized by a 2n=56 karyotype, while R. p. melanosterna reportedly has a 2n=52 karyotype. Such a difference is interpreted as indicative of genetic differentiation between the two forms of a magnitude inconsistent with considering them as conspecific. Taken together with zoogeographic considerations, the karyotypic difference between the forms R. p. punctularia and R. p. melanosterna seem sufficient to warrant species distinction for R. melanosterna as previously suggested by Pritchard (1979b).
Organization of responses in human lateral gastrocnemius muscle to specified body perturbations

Abstract There is mounting evidence that human muscles have discrete partitions. In an effort to accurately assess how the control to each of the three heads (designated as A–C) of the lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscle might be organized, we performed exploratory studies in five subjects each of whom was provided 30 random angular and linear perturbations while standing on a balance platform in each of three experiments. The responses from each LG head were recorded with strategically-placed fine-wire electrodes and, after correction for variation in distance to each recording site, latency to activation and the sequence of recruitment for each LG head were determined. Within individual subjects, the same LG head was first recruited. The C-head was recruited first during linear perturbations between subjects and across sessions, but the overall recruitment pattern was different between subjects. The fact that a consistent, selective response was seen during dynamic linear but not angular perturbations suggests that a more consistent strategy of inter-partition response may be engaged for the former perturbation. This behaviour may be caused by use of the LG C-head to assist the medial gastrocnemius to control ankle plantar flexion and pronation during the shearing forces generated with linear translations. Further exploration into the relationship between selective activation of muscle partitions in the presence of defined movement conditions appears justified.
Shear invariant 3D model retrieval

The increase in affordable computing power has fostered the creation of 3D models. The field of 3D models is on the rise with the advent of high speed Internet. Large repositories of 3D models are being created and made public on the Internet. Searching among these repositories is an obvious requirement. In this paper, we present a total shear invariant feature vector (SIFV) for searching a 3D model. This feature vector is robust to affine transformations of the original model. The proposed feature vector is Fourier transform of the histogram of the number of points in the concentric spheres partitioning the point cloud data of a 3D model.
EPR study of electron bombarded alkali- and alkaline-earth halide crystal surfaces

An EPR study of electron bombarded LiF, NaCl, KCl, CaF2 and BaF2 polycrystalline surfaces has shown that small metal particles are formed on the surfaces of the crystals. Identification was made from CESR signals. The symmetric line-shape of the signals, even at 77 K, indicated that the particles were less than 0.5 micron in diameter. Signals due to F centers were observed in LiF but not in the other halides. Implications to metal deposition are considered.
Transmission Filters for the Ultraviolet

The problems involved in the development of ultraviolet transmission filters are discussed and criteria of stability, efficiency, and ease of preparation are applied to the materials suggested by previous workers. By the selection of the most suitable previous filters and the introduction of several new filters, a set of band pass filters for the 2400–3800A region of the ultraviolet is developed. These have a half-width of 200A and a maximum transmission of 30 percent, on the average. Quantitative spectrophotometric data are given for all components and filter combinations used. Suggestions are made for the further development of these tools.
Temperature Distribution of High Prandtl Number Liquid Bridge under Zero Gravity

A numerical model has been developed to investigate temperature field of high prandtl number liquid bridge under zero-gravity condition, and numerical simulations have been carried out. The Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the energy conservation equation on a staggered grid. In numerical calculations, we considered not only the free surface deformation but also the effects of ambient air. Overall numerical analysis of liquid bridge was carried out by level set method of mass conservation to capture two phase interfaces. Simultaneously, results of temperature field in liquid bridge and ambient gas-phase were given.
TensorSplat: Spotting Latent Anomalies in Time

How can we spot anomalies in large, time-evolving graphs? When we have multi-aspect data, e.g. who published which paper on which conference and on what year, how can we combine this information, in order to obtain good summaries thereof and unravel hidden anomalies and patterns? Such multi-aspect data, including time-evolving graphs, can be successfully modelled using Tensors. In this paper, we show that when we have multiple dimensions in the dataset, then tensor analysis is a powerful and promising tool. Our method TENSORSPLAT, at the heart of which lies the "PARAFAC" decomposition method, can give good insights about the large networks that are of interest nowadays, and contributes to spotting micro-clusters, changes and, in general, anomalies. We report extensive experiments on a variety of datasets (co-authorship network, time-evolving DBLP network, computer network and Facebook wall posts) and show how tensors can be proved useful in detecting "strange" behaviors.
Interferon and BK Papovavirus—Clinical and Laboratory Studies

The effects of human leukocyte interferon on BK papovavirus (BKV) infection in 41 recipients of renal transplants were studied as part of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eight transplant recipients demonstrated fourfold or greater rises in antibody to BKV, and three excreted BKV in urine. Neither seroconversion nor excretion was reduced by interferon administration. No clinical syndromes could be clearly linked to BKV infection. BKV was also relatively resistant to the in vitro effects of interferon. Pretreatment of interferon-sensitive human fibroblasts with up to 620 units of interferon/ml resulted in a loss of viral infectivity of one log or less. Continuous exposure of infected cultures to these interferon levels reduced BKV titers by 1.5-2.9 logs, whereas continuous exposure to lower concentrations of interferon had less effects. The levels shown to be marginally effective in vitro were considerably higher than those achieved in these patients' sera.
Ibuprofen was more protective against asthma morbidity than acetaminophen in asthmatic children with fever.

Source Citation Lesko SM, Louik C, Vezina RM, Mitchell AA. Asthma morbidity after the short-term use of ibuprofen in children. Pediatrics. 2002 Feb;109:e20. 11826230
Annotated key to the genera of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) attacking leafmining Lepidoptera in the Holarctic Region

An annotated and illustrated key to the 40 genera of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) attacking leafmining Lepidoptera in the Holarctic region is presented; several genera are recorded from leafmining Lepidoptera for the first time. Geographic and host ranges, known diversity, and references to publications concerning biology and taxonomy of each group are included. Information summarized here is derived from published and museum records, and a combined total of eighteen years of field rearing surveys by the authors.
CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSIONS: IMPACT OF SUCCESSFUL AND FAILED RECANALIZATION ON SHORT AND LONG–TERM SURVIVAL

The impact of successful CTO recanalization on short and long term survival remains unclear. We conducted a meta–analysis to assess the impact of successful CTO recanalization on clinical outcomes. An extensive literature search till 8/30/2012 identified 16 studies comparing successful (sCTO) and
The Pattern of Austrian Industrial Growth from the Eighteenth to the Early Twentieth Century

The wealth of literature published in the last twenty-five years on economic growth, economic development, and comparative economic history contains little information about Austria-Hungary. Fortunately, this situation shows signs of improving as the few recent articles and monographs on the subject are beginning to be utilized in the more general literature. Although the general lack of attention to Austria-Hungary clearly indicates that serious analytical work on the economic history of the area is still in a very early stage, the relatively few studies published on the subject have already changed the views of scholars on economic developments in the Habsburg lands.
The biology and life cycles of Lipsothrix spp. (Diptera: Tipulidae) inhabiting wood in Western Oregon streams

SUMMARY. 1. The immature stages of the craneflies Lipsothrix nigrilinea and L. fenderi are spent in galleries within decayed red alder (Atntts rtibra), in low order streams of the Pacific Northwest. L. fenderi also occurs in some coniferous wood and wood in semi-terrestrial sites at stream margins. Larvae of both species feed on the wood and are important degraders of this material. 2. The immature stages are briefly described and behaviour of the two species is compared. 3. L. nigrilinea has a predominantly biennial life cycle. It emerges from April to August in response to receding water level. The absence of this cue results in an extension of the life span to 3 or more years. The non-deterministic life cycle results in high variability of juvenile and adult weights. 4. L. fenderi is basically a biennial species, with a more synchronized autumn emergence. A portion of the population may emerge after 1 year if oviposition occurs early enough to allow autumnal growth of larvae or if growth is relatively rapid. 5. The extended life cycle of Lipsothrix spp. and the broad emergence of L. nigrilinea are concluded to be adaptations to a habitat/resource which is relatively stable and allows long-term association.
Translocation of the neuronal cytoskeleton and axonal locomotion.

Recent studies of axonal transport indicate that cytoskeletal proteins are assembled into polymers in the neuron cell body and that these polymers move from the cell body toward the end of the axon. On the other hand, membranous elements appear to be inserted into the axonal plasma membrane preferentially at the end of the axon. These new observations are explored in relation to our current understanding of axonal elongation.
Buckling Response of Transversely Loaded Composite Shells, Part 1: Experiments

The transverse loading response of convex composite shell structures typical of aircraft fuselage sections was investigated, and the experimental work is reported. Important mechanisms in the response, particularly instabilities (buckling), were studied by investigation of the force-deflection response and the evolution of full-field deformation shapes. Quasi-static tests were conducted to simulate impact of convex shells. The specimens were laminated, cylindrical shell sections in [±45 n /0 n ] s configurations, where n takes on values of 1, 2, and 3. The three structural parameters of radius, span, and thickness were varied according to a scaling relation and were chosen to represent approximate fuselage dimensions of general aviation and commercial transport aircraft. All specimens were evaluated for damage with dye-penetrant enhanced x radiography and sectioning after mechanical testing. The structural response changes both quantitatively and qualitatively for the different shell geometries and was categorized into three types based on the existence of the instability transition characteristics such as deformation shapes. The presence of the instability becomes more likely for deeper, thinner specimens where the ratio of membrane stiffness to bending stiffness is higher. This can be characterized by a structural parameter involving geometric and material factors. The majority of the specimens showed no damage, but the limited experimental evidence did show plate-like damage occurring in the shell specimens before any instability. Suggestions for further work to extend these findings are made.
An economical canopy model for use in urban climatology

A multi-layered canopy leaf energy budget model (CANOPY) has been developed for the purpose of systematically examining the building-vegetation cause and effect structure in urban landscapes. At great computer savings, this simple, parametric model compared favorably with a much more complex canopy model (SPAM). The economic operation of this model makes it possible to investigate the spatial diversity of canopy budget characteristics on a microclimatic, geographical scale.
Studies in spatial learning. VI. Place orientation and direction orientation

"Two kinds of auxiliary dispositions are… distinguished, (1) place dispositions and (2) direction dispositions, and the evidence for the existence of such dispositions is reviewed… . To determine whether such auxiliary dispositions generalize to new starting places or paths, a group of 50 rats was trained on a simple T-maze… . After this training was completed, each of the rats [was] started from a place which was on the opposite side of the choice point of the original maze, and on the same axis as the original starting path… . Fifty-seven percent of the rats exhibited an auxiliary direction disposition. That is, they chose the last path on the side facing the former food place. There was no evidence that these rats also acquired an auxiliary place disposition. Only 7.2 percent of the animals chose the path that pointed directly towards the former food place." (see 22: 194). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Active RC filters with zero Q-sensitivity

A simple method for designing active RC filters with zero SQK sensitivity is proposed. The method requires a lower amplifier gain as compared to other zero-sensitivity realisations. A general active RC configuration can be used to design any biquadratic filter requirement with zero sensitivity.
Plasmid recombination in Haemophilus influenzae.

Abstract DNA recombination in exponential phase and competent Haemophilus influenzae was measured by an electron microscopic assay that relies on the conversion of plasmid RSF0885 monomers into multimeric forms. Dimer circles were present at a frequency of 2% in plasmid preparations from competent Rd (wild-type) cells; multimers were present at a frequency of 0.2% in preparations from exponential phase cells. Thus, plasmid recombination was stimulated in competent cells. Multimer formation occurred efficiently in cells of the transformation defective mutant rec2 , implying that the rec2 gene product is not required for plasmid recombination. However, the absence of multimer plasmids in preparations from competent cells of the transformation defective mutant rec1 suggests that the rec1 gene product is required. Digestion of purified plasmids with restriction endonuclease Pvu II, which makes a single cut in the monomer, revealed the presence of recombination intermediates composed of two linear plasmids joined to form two pairs of arms resembling the Greek letter chi. Length measurements of these arms taken from a population of recombination intermediates gave evidence that the plasmids were joined at sites of homology. The distributions of individual DNA strands, at the intersections of the four arms, could be resolved in some recombination intermediates and were of two types. The first type of junction appeared as a single-stranded square with one double-stranded arm appended to each corner. The second type of junction consisted of a single strand of DNA linking the two linear plasmids at a site of homology. The single-stranded linker was frequently situated at the edge of a short gap on one of the plasmids in the pair. The fine structures of the recombinational joints have been interpreted in terms of previously proposed models of recombination.
Kinetics of the migration of neurons to rat somatosensory cortex.

Abstract The laminar location of a neuron in the mature cortex is defined by early events in its ontogeny. In the present study, quantitative [ 3 H ]thymidine ([ 3 H ]dT) autoradiography was used to define some of these early events. Four indices were calculated: a proliferation index (indicative of the fraction of cells that was cycling), the leaving fraction (the fraction of cells that permanently left the cycling population and migrated to cortex, the release time (the time post-mitotic cells remained in the proliferative zone(s) before initiating their migrations), and the rate of migration. The proliferation index was relatively high on G13 and progressively declined to a nadir on G21. In contrast, the leaving fraction was lowest on G13 and on G21. The release time for a particular subpopulation did not vary with the time of origin. On the other hand, the release time for the earliest generated cells was significantly shorter than it was for the remaining population of cells labeled by a particular injection of [ 3 H ]dT. The mean rate of migration was affected by neither the time of origin nor the timing of the onset of migration. Thus, once a cell becomes permanently post-mitotic, the behavior of the young neuron (as defined by its release time and rate of migration) is highly ordered. It is the time of origin, as determined by the desynchrony of the cycling activity of proliferating cells, that determines the ultimate disposition of a cortical neuron.
Bioenergetics and Prey Consumption of Breeding Double-crested Cormorants in the Beaver Archipelago, Northern Lake Michigan

Abstract Colonial waterbirds are an important component of Great Lakes ecosystems. In order to investigate the role these birds play in an aquatic food web, bioenergetics models, using allometric equations, were applied to breeding double-crested cormorants ( Phalacrocorax auritus ) and their offspring in the Beaver Archipelago, northern Lake Michigan. These models were parameterized using detailed information collected during the 2000 and 2001 breeding seasons, as well as literature values. Each breeding season was divided into stages in the models to reflect changes in cormorant diet and population size documented in the study area. The models estimated the total prey biomass consumed as 1,445 metric tonnes (mt) of prey in 2000, and 1,585 mt of prey in 2001. Each year, the majority of the prey biomass was alewife ( Alosa pseudoharengus ), with these fish comprising a greater percentage of prey biomass consumed in 2001. An increase in cormorant reproductive success in 2001 may be linked to this increase in alewife biomass consumed; the breeding bird population size, however, declined in 2001 as compared to 2000. The other prey items, which are not considered to be species of commercial or sport value, were also important contributors to bird diet and consumption of these species did tend to vary from year-toyear. Overall, the application of bioenergetics models allows for greater understanding of the role of cormorants as predators and as energy links in the system.
Beam Energy Scaling of Ion-Induced Electron Yield From K+ Ions Impact on Stainless Steel Surfaces

The cost of accelerators for heavy-ion inertial fusion energy (HIF) can be reduced by using the smallest possible clearance between the beam and the wall from the beamline. This increases beam loss to the walls, generating ion-induced electrons that could be trapped by beam space charge potential into an "electron cloud", which can cause degradation or loss of the ion beam. In order to test the physical mechanism model of ion induced electrons production we have measured the impact of K+ ions with energies up to 400 KeV on stainless steel surfaces near grazing incidence, using the ion source test stand (STS-500) at LLNL. The electron yield will be discussed and compared with experimental measurements from 1 MeV K+ ions in the High-Current Experiment at LBNL.
Tuberculous meningoencephalitis in a pregnant woman presenting 7 years after removal of a cerebral granuloma

We describe the unusual case of a young woman with a history of seizures and a granulomatous, likely tuberculous brain lesion that was surgically removed. She had an uneventful recovery without any additional therapy other than anti-epileptics. Seven years later, she presented during pregnancy with culture-confirmed tuberculous meningoencephalitis. This case highlights the spectrum of tuberculous central nervous system disease and the challenges in diagnosis.
UCES: an undergraduate CSE initiative

Computational science and engineering is at once both marginal and fundamental to the traditional disciplines that it touches. Marginal because CSE is not a discipline in the classic sense, nor in the UCES view, should it aspire to disciplinary status. CSE is not a clearly identifiable community or univocal disciplinary movement. Sometimes its identity seems to center in a loose cluster of interests such as visualization, computational error analysis, computer networking, and computational tools for numerical and symbolic analysis. The paper discusses UCES, the undergraduate CSE initiative and the building of a curriculum.
The nucleotide sequence and transcript map of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene

This paper presents the nucleotide sequence of the Herpes Simplex Virus thymidine kinase (tk) gene. The position on the DNA sequence corresponding to the 5' and 3' termini of tk messenger RNA have been mapped. The mRNA termini are separated by slightly more than 1,300 nucleotides. The same 2,300 nucleotide segment of tk coding strand DNA is fully protected from S1 nuclease digestion when hybridized to tk mRNA. The location and size of the mRNA-coding segment corresponds to a region of the viral DNA that is essential for tk gene expression in microinjected frog oocytes. The nucleotide sequence of the HSV tk gene exhibits an open translational reading frame of 376 codons that extends from the methionine codon most proximal to the 5' terminus of tk mRNA to a UGA stop codon approximately 70 nucleotides from the poly-A addition site. The results of these experiments indicate that the tk gene is not interrupted by intervening DNA sequences, and that certain oligonucleotide sequences adjacent to the termini of the tk gene are homologous to similarly positioned sequences common to structural genes of eukaryotic cells.
Carbon stocks of trees killed by bark beetles and wildfire in the western United States

Forests are major components of the carbon cycle, and disturbances are important influences of forest carbon. Our objective was to contribute to the understanding of forest carbon cycling by quantifying the amount of carbon in trees killed by two disturbance types, fires and bark beetles, in the western United States in recent decades. We combined existing spatial data sets of forest biomass, burn severity, and beetle-caused tree mortality to estimate the amount of aboveground and belowground carbon in killed trees across the region. We found that during 1984‐2010, fires killed trees that contained 5‐11 Tg C year 1 and during 1997‐2010, beetles killed trees that contained 2‐24 Tg C year 1 , with more trees killed since 2000 than in earlier periods. Over their periods of record, amounts of carbon in trees killed by fires and by beetle outbreaks were similar, and together these disturbances killed trees representing 9% of the total tree carbon in western forests, a similar amount to harvesting. Fires killed more trees in lower-elevation forest types such as Douglas-fir than higher-elevation forest types, whereas bark beetle outbreaks also killed trees in higher-elevation forest types such as lodgepole pine and Engelmann spruce. Over 15% of the carbon in lodgepole pine and spruce/fir forest types was in trees killed by beetle outbreaks; other forest types had 5‐10% of the carbon in killed trees. Our results document the importance of these natural disturbances in the carbon budget of the western United States.
Cancer of the Uterine Cervix in Mice Fed a Liquid Diet Containing an Antifertility Drug

Enovid was administered to BALB/c mice in a liquid Metrecal diet. Experimental animals developed uterine cervical and vaginal lesions while the control groups did not develop uterine cervical or vaginal carcinomas. The experimental techniques of introducing material in a liquid Metrecal diet has many applications including the answering of some questions on dosage of estrogens and limitations of exposure time.
Professional Efficacy and Working With Victims of Domestic Violence or Sexual Assault

Violence against women is a pervasive and widespread problem, but the understanding of how to prepare social workers best for working with survivors is inadequate. One area of focus is professional...