cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Innovative Ideas in Pedestrian Signing for Temporary Traffic Control

A laboratory study of human factors was conducted to evaluate enhanced signing options that provide pedestrians in temporary traffic control areas with improved information on sidewalk closures. Researchers believed that improving the pedestrian information provided at work zones could result in better public compliance with signing. However, there were concerns that some pedestrian signing alternatives might be interpreted incorrectly by drivers as pertaining to their travel. As a result of these concerns, researchers conducted a human factors study from the perspectives of a pedestrian and a driver. The following are several key issues identified during this research: (a) none of the pedestrian signing alternatives affected driver understanding that the signs were intended only for pedestrians; (b) from the pedestrian perspective, the use of an orange background with black text for signs resulted in a higher level of participants indicating that they would react to the sign information (i.e., cross the street to a different sidewalk) without adversely affecting their comprehension of the sign meaning; (c) the action phrase “Use Other Side” was more intuitively understood by pedestrians than “Cross Here”; and (d) the inclusion of a distance reference to the closure is recommended for advance warning signs for pedestrians.
Glandular Morphology from a Perennial Alfalfa Clone Resistant to the Potato Leafhopper

The commercial release of several cultivars of perennial, glandular-haired alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) for control of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), has increased the need to identify the causal mechanism of resistance. The objectives of this experiment were to examine the morphology and exudate of the glandular trichomes found on the perennial alfalfa clone FGplhl3, in addition to comparing their density and distribution. Light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to characterize the morphology of the glandular trichomes and their associated exudate. Two distinct trichome morphologies, erect and procumbent glandular trichomes, occurred. The erect glandular trichomes consisted of multicellular stalks (5-11 cells) and gland heads, with the cells being arranged in distinct tiers. The procumbent glandular trichomes were composed of a stalk (1-2 cells) bent almost parallel to the plant surface. The procumbent gland head contained 8 to 12 cells, which were distinctly arranged in two to three tiers. Both types of trichomes released exudates that appeared to accumulate in a subcuticular space within a distal extrusion. Exudate from the procumbent glandular trichome became attached to the tibia of a potato leafhopper nymph. Entrapment of first instar potato leafhoppers by the glandular trichomes was also observed for the first time on a perennial glandular-haired alfalfa clone. The erect glandular trichome was the most dense morphology on the stem, petiole, and leaf midvein.
Superiority of blood over saline resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock : A 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

OBJECTIVE: To study the relation between blood and saline administration, postresuscitation hematocrit (Hct) level, and metabolic recovery after hemorrhagic shock. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: It is generally believed that crystalloid can be substituted, in whole or in part, for blood during resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock. This is based on the belief that Hct can be safely reduced but should not fall below a critical level. METHODS: Male rats weighing 200 g were subjected to an isobaric hemorrhagic shock at a mean arterial pressure of 30 mmHg for 14 minutes, after which they were randomized to one of three resuscitation regimens. Control group (n = 36) were resuscitated by return of all shed blood. Mid-Hct (n = 39) and low-Hct (n = 60) groups were depleted of one third and one half of their circulating blood volumes, respectively, and were resuscitated with three times that volume of normal saline. Skeletal muscle intracellular energetics and pH were measured serially using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy at baseline, during shock, and after resuscitation. Arterial blood was sampled at the same time points. The number of surviving animals in each group at 24 hours was recorded. RESULTS: After resuscitation, surviving rats in the low-Hct group demonstrated a greater consumption of high-energy phosphocreatine stores than did the other groups (control = 0.479 +/- 0.003, mid-Hct = 0.465 +/- 0.004, low-Hct = 0.457 +/- 0.007, mean +/- standard error of the mean; p < 0.01 low-Hct vs. other groups by analysis of variance). The rats that received saline resuscitation developed a relative intracellular acidosis (control = 7.29 +/- 0.02, mid-Hct = 7.25 +/- 0.02, low-Hct = 7.23 +/- 0.02; p < 0.05 controls vs. other groups by analysis of variance). At 24 hours, the death rates were significantly different among the groups: control = 1 of 36 rats (2.8%), mid-Hct = 6 of 39 (15.4%), and low-Hct = 14 of 60 (23.3%) (p < 0.05 by chi square analysis). CONCLUSION: The oxygen-carrying capacity of resuscitation fluid has an important impact on intracellular metabolism and outcome.
Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Porosity, Bone Regeneration, and Vascularization Using an Adapted CAM Assay

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is used in a number of applications for bone restoration and implant fixation. Direct-write manufacturing methods enable the fabrication of HA scaffolds with precisely controlled macroporosity (>100μm) between scaffold struts, or rods, and microporosity (<20μm) within the rods [1]. The need for macroporosity for bone regeneration is well documented, though its specific influence on directing vascularization is not as well studied. Limited research has investigated the role of microporosity in bone regeneration or vascularization. This work aims to address these gaps.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The detection of temporally distributed network attacks using an adaptive hierarchical neural network

The accurate detection of attacks in ad hoc computer networks is made significantly more difficult if the components of the attack sequence are distributed throughout the network data stream. Since current approaches to detecting network intrusions rely on associating individual network actions the temporal distribution of an attack throughout a network makes it extremely difficult to accurately identify the intrusion. This paper describes an approach to detecting temporally distributed attacks based on a modified Hierarchical Quilted Self-Organizing Map (HQSOM). The HQSOM approach emulates some aspects of biological neural networks by distributing the reasoning capability throughout a hierarchical structure. The approach described here combines an adaptive learning parameter with variable spatial and temporal clustering to associate the components of the attack. The results of the evaluation of the approach and opportunities for additional research are also described.
Application of splay trees to data compression

The splay-prefix algorithm is one of the simplest and fastest adaptive data compression algorithms based on the use of a prefix code. The data structures used in the splay-prefix algorithm can also be applied to arithmetic data compression. Applications of these algorithms to encryption and image processing are suggested.
Learning optimal codes for natural images and sounds

A Bayesian method for inferring an optimal basis is applied to the problem of finding efficient codes for natural images. The key to the algorithm is multivariate non- Gaussian density estimation. This is equivalent, in various forms, to sparse coding or independent component analysis. The basis functions learned by the algorithm are oriented and localized in both space and frequency, bearing a resemblance to the spatial receptive fields of neurons in the primary visual cortex and to Gabor wavelet functions. An important advantage of the probabilistics framework is that it provides a method for comparing the coding efficiency of different bases objectively. The learned bases are shown to have better coding efficiency compared to traditional Fourier and wavelet bases. This framework can also be used to learn efficient codes of natural sound and the learned codes share many of the coding properties of the cochlear nerve. Time-frequency analysis is used to show that it is possible to derive both Fourier-like and wavelet-like representations by learning efficient codes for different classes of natural sounds.
Explaining the adoption of energy-efficient technologies in U.S. commercial buildings

This paper investigates factors explaining the adoption of energy-efficient heating, cooling, window, and lighting technologies in U.S. commercial buildings. It presents multinomial logit models of technology adoption using the 2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey microdata set, examining, first, fundamental building components, and, second, energy-efficient adaptations. Key findings are that the choice of fundamental building components is strongly influenced by locational factors, the activities that are expected to take place in the building, and building-specific characteristics. Lighting technologies are an exception, and are poorly explained by these factors. By contrast, energy-efficient heating, cooling, window, lighting, and control adaptations appear to share common drivers, and are more likely to be adopted in newer, larger, more energy-intensive, owner-occupied buildings. These are the buildings that can best afford the up-front costs of innovation, which is often a design-intensive process. Absent policy interventions, the energy-efficient adaptations are unlikely to diffuse rapidly to the rest of the commercial building stock.
Scanlon as natural rights theorist

This article examines the character of Scanlon’s contractualism as presented in What We Owe to Each Other. I offer a range of reasons for thinking of Scanlon’s contractualism as a species of natural rights theorizing. I argue that to affirm the principle that actions are wrongful if and only if they are disallowed by principles that people could not reasonably reject is equivalent to affirming a natural right (of an admittedly non-standard sort) against being subject to such reasonably disallowed actions. I argue that Scanlon’s invocation of the value of human life can be seen as an attempted grounding for this principle that is akin to standard natural rights attempts to ground fundamental rights. Lastly, I argue that the invocation of the value of human life does not in fact well support the sort of requirement of justifiability to others that characterizes this contractualist variant on natural rights theorizing; if anything, it better supports the sort of ascriptions of rights characteristic of tradit...
Kombia Angulata N. Gen., N. Sp. (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) Parasitic in a Coral in Madagascar

Description de Kombia angulata, nouveau genre et nouvelle espece de Copepode cyclopoide parasite d'un corail, Psammocora sp., a Madagascar. Ce copepode se place probablement dans la famille des Xarifiidae, a cote du genre Xarifia.
Continuum theory of pasticity and dislocations

Abstract The stress field in a perfectly plastic solid defined in continuum plasticity is the sum of the applied stress (solution of boundary value problem in elasticity) and the dislocation stress caused by dislocations created in the so-called plastic domains. The distribution of dislocations or dislocation dipoles inside the plastic domains and the distribution of surface dislocations on lines of discontinuity are determined from the shear line theory of continuum plasticity in the case of plane strain, where the material is assumed to obey von Mises' yield criterion. The theory proposed in this paper suggests a new method of stress analysis in elasto-plastically deformed bodies, since the applied stress can be obtained by solving the boundary value problem in elasticity and the dislocation stress can be found from the dislocation distribution which is determined from the shear line theory.
Characterization of a GC-rich Region Containing Sp1 Binding Site(s) as a Constitutive Responsive Element of the α2(I) Collagen Gene in Human Fibroblasts

To analyze regulatory elements in the human α2(I) collagen gene (COL1A2) promoter, a series of deletion mutants from −323 to −186 base pairs was tested in transient transfection assays in human fibroblasts. A strong positive responsive element was mapped to a GC-rich region located between base pairs −303 and −271. This region contains three binding sites (GC-boxes) resembling recognition sites for the transcription factor Sp1. Substitution mutations in the GC-boxes abolished binding to the GC-rich region in gel shift analyses and resulted in 90% reduction of promoter activity in transient transfection assays. We demonstrated that transcription factor Sp1 is essential for binding based on the following observations. 1) Sp1 consensus binding site alone competes by binding to the GC-rich region in the DNase I protection assay; 2) both Sp1 consensus binding site and Sp1 antibodies prevent the formation of a DNA-protein complex in the mobility shift assay; 3) anti-Sp1 antibodies recognize a component of the complex competed for by Sp1 consensus binding site.
Influence of geometry on control of cell growth

The assembled evidence suggests that geometry plays an important role in regulation of cell growth, at least at two levels: (1) For non-transformed individual cells in culture, there may be a continuous range of shapes, from spherical all the way to extremely flat or extended, which correlates with increasing proliferative capacity or increasing ability to respond to serum growth factors. In other words, sensitivity to a variety of mitotic stimulators and growth factors may be modulated by cell conformation. Fully transformed cells appear to lose the modulating effect of shape, and thus are able to proliferate even when spherical. (2) For transformed cells which can grow in three-dimensional populations, the shape of the population itself eventually limits growth. The most likely mechanism is based upon the limiting effects of diffusion gradients of nutrients, oxygen and catabolites which build up across the surface of a three-dimensional population of cells. Tumor cells which are able to make tumour angiogenesis factor (TAF), induce new capillary blood vessels from the host. These vessels penetrate the tumor and permit further rapid growth. In this sense, tumor angiogenesis is a mechanism by which "successful" tumors escape the growth restriction imposed upon three-dimensional cell population by geometry [49].
Noninvasive forward-scattering system for rapid detection, characterization, and identification of Listeria colonies: image-processing and data analysis.

Bacterial contamination by Listeria monocytogenes puts the public at risk and is also costly for the food-processing industry. Traditional methods for pathogen identification require complicated sample preparation for reliable results. Previously, we have reported development of a noninvasive optical forward-scattering system for rapid identification of Listeria colonies grown on solid surfaces. The presented system included application of computer-vision and patternrecognition techniques to classify scatter pattern formed by bacterial colonies irradiated with laser light. This report shows an extension of the proposed method. A new scatterometer equipped with a high-resolution CCD chip and application of two additional sets of image features for classification allow for higher accuracy and lower error rates. Features based on Zernike moments are supplemented by Tchebichef moments, and Haralick texture descriptors in the new version of the algorithm. Fisher's criterion has been used for feature selection to decrease the training time of machine learning systems. An algorithm based on support vector machines was used for classification of patterns. Low error rates determined by cross-validation, reproducibility of the measurements, and robustness of the system prove that the proposed technology can be implemented in automated devices for detection and classification of pathogenic bacteria.
A Contribution to the Etiology of Ulcer Disease of Trout

Abstract During the fall of 1947 and the late summer of 1948, outbreaks of ulcer disease occurred among brook trout fingerlings at the Leetown station and other hatcheries. From the ulcers, blood, and kidneys of the diseased trout were isolated bacteria which could be successfully cultivated only on media to which blood or fish-tissue extract had been added. Some characteristics of these bacteria are described. In a series of inoculation experiments, brook, brown, and rainbow trout were infected with pure cultures of the isolated bacteria. When the trout used for these tests were free from a latent infection of B. salmonicida, ulcer disease could be reproduced and the bacteria reisolated in pure culture from the inoculated fish. On the basis of the information on hand, it is believed that the isolated bacteria belong to the genus Hemophilus.
The objects of bodily awareness

Is it possible to misidentify the object of an episode of bodily awareness? I argue that it is, on the grounds that a person can reasonably be unsure or mistaken as to which part of her body he or she is aware of at a given moment. This requires discussing the phenomenon of body ownership, and defending the claim that the proper parts of one’s body are at least no less ‘principal’ among the objects of bodily awareness than is the body as a whole. I conclude with some reasons why this should lead us to think that bodily awareness, unlike introspection, is a form of perception.
Maximal acceleration, Mach's principle, and the mass of the electron

Recent arguments for an upper limit to the proper acceleration of extended massive bodies are briefly reviewed. A transient mass shift in accelerated objects with non-constant proper mass density, expected in all locally Lorentz-invariant theories of gravitation which satisfy Mach's principle, is considered. This effect affects arguments for a maximal proper acceleration. It is shown that, while the widely discussed upper limit to proper acceleration obtains for rigid bodies with constant proper mass density, the limit ceases to obtain generally if this effect is taken into consideration. Applicability of maximal acceleration arguments to elementary particles is briefly considered in the context of a plausible classical model of the electron (one where the mass of the electron follows from the electronic charge).
Block copolymers as compatibilizers for blends of linear low density polyethylene and polystyrene

Compatibilization of blends of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and polystyrene (PS) with block copolymers of styrene (S) and butadiene (B) or hydrogenated butadiene (EB) has been studied. The morphology of the LLDPE/PS (50/50) composition typically with 5% copolymer was characterized primarily by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEB and SEBS copolymers were effective in reducing the PS domain size, while the SB and SBS copolymers were less effective. The noncrystalline copolymers lowered the tensile modulus of the blend by as much as 50%. Modulus calculations based on a coreshell model, with the rubbery copolymer coating the PS particle, predicted that 50% of the rubbery SEBS copolymer was located at the interface compared to only 5–15% of the SB and SBS copolymers. The modulus of blends compatibilized with crystalline, nonrubbery SEB and SEBS copolymers approached Hashin's upper modulus bound. An interconnected interface model was proposed in which the blocks selectively penetrated the LLDPE and PS phases to provide good adhesion and improved stress and strain transfer between the phases. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
PESDserv: a server for high-throughput comparison of protein binding site surfaces.

Summary: Structure-based approaches complement ligand-based approaches for lead-discovery and cross-reactivity prediction. We present to the scientific community a web server for comparing the surface of a ligand bound site of a protein against a ligand bound site surface database of 106 796 sites. The web server implements the property encoded shape distributions (PESD) algorithm for surface comparison. A typical virtual screen takes 5 min to complete. The output provides a ranked list of sites (by site similarity), hyperlinked to the corresponding entries in the PDB and PDBeChem databases. Availability: The server is freely accessible at http://reccr.chem.rpi.edu/Software/pesdserv/ Contact: ude.ipr@cenerb
Intra-instrument reliability of 4 goniometers

Background Cervical spine ROM movements taken accurately with reliable measuring devices are important in outcome measures as well as in measuring disability.
CDMA and FSCW surface acoustic wave temperature sensors for wireless operation at high temperatures

This paper reports on the successful operation of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices at high temperature, including wireless measurements of SAW devices up to 750°C. Two types of SAW devices and corresponding systems were investigated: (1) 15-bit code-division multiple-access (CDMA) SAW tags, interrogated using a device-specific direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) binary phase shift key (BPSK) code; and (2) multi-track reflective delay lines, interrogated using a frequency-stepped continuous-wave (FSCW) radar signal. The SAW devices used in this work were fabricated on langasite (LGS, La 3 Ga 5 SiO 14 ) using Pt/Rh/ZrO 2 electrodes, which can withstand temperatures up to 1000°C. A FEM/BEM simulation package using both the Pt/Rh/ZrO 2 thin film and LGS properties was used to simulate the interdigital transducers (IDTs) used in the fabricated structures. The two classes of SAW sensors were first directly wired and characterized at high temperature. The FSCW system was then used to test the wireless operation of LGS SAW devices up to 750°C.
Effects of Grassland Succession on Communities of Orb-Weaving Spiders

Native grasslands are among the most imperiled of the North American ecosystems, but abandoned agricultural areas may provide suitable habitat for animal taxa that are endemic to grasslands. We studied how species diversity of orb-weaving spiders was influenced by secondary succession of a grassland plant community by monitoring the abundance and species diversity in study plots that were cultivated at 6-yr intervals and left uncultivated in the interim. We tested the hypothesis that local abundance and species diversity of spiders would be positively associated with time since cultivation because plant communities in older habitats would be more architecturally complex. Local abundance of spiders in general was not associated with time since cultivation, but abundance of Mangora gibberosa (Hentz) was positively associated with the abundance of perennial plants. Species richness and diversity of spiders also were positively associated with the abundance of perennial plants and reached a threshold a few years after cultivation. Species diversity of orb-weaving spiders seems to be strongly influenced by species composition of the plant community. Therefore, effective restoration of the structure and function of endemic communities of orb-weaving spiders may depend on preserving endemic grassland plant communities.
Semantic Framework for Free-Form Search of Grid Resources

The model of free-form queries has been an enormous success for HTML-based search engines on the web. If the same free-form search is made available for grid services, it will serve as a powerful tool for scientists to retrieve information on resources, monitoring data, replica location sets, and meta-data on scientific data sets, in an intuitive manner. Current implementations of XML-based grid service descriptions require end users to have intimate knowledge of service descriptions, related toolkits, and query languages. We have developed a system that abstracts away these fundamental complexities and provides a simple free-form query based scientific discovery system for grid users. In this paper, we present the design and initial implementation results of our ontological framework that employs matching algorithms, automated extension of ontologies, and semantic Web and ontological concepts to match free-form queries with corresponding grid resource information stored in RDF/OWL format.
Recognition of Fluvial and Deltaic Sandstones of Pennsylvanian and Permian Ages in North-Central Texas: ABSTRACT

Sedimentary and stratigraphic evidence indicates that most Virgil and Wolfcamp elongate sandstones on the Eastern shelf of north-central Texas are segments of dip-fed fluvial and deltaic depositional systems. These sandstone bodies are composed of superposed delta front, channel-mouth bars, and distributary channels, on top of which are superimposed fluvial and peripheral sheet and small barlike bodies. Fluvial facies consist of channel-fill sandstones and conglomerates, and overbank mudstones and siltstones; levee deposits are difficult to recognize. Elongate sandstones enclosed in overbank mudstone become finer upward, and characterize fine-grained meander-belt deposits; braided and coarse-grained meander-belt sandstones are extensive tabular to highly belted bodies with little mudstone. Constructional deltaic sandstones become coarser upward. Delta-front facies display parallel and ripple bedforms, and commonly show distorted basal bedding resulting from subsidence into prodeltaic muds. Channel-mouth bars are normally distorted sandstones with trough crossbedding and small scour channels. Symmetrically filled distributary channels are shallow and up to 50 yd wide. Delta-front sandstones grade laterally into thin, destructive sheet sandstones and strandplain facies within adjacent interdeltaic areas. Delta progradation, fluvial aggradation, compaction, avulsion, destruction, and marine transgression, followed by later reoccupation of deltaic and fluvial sites, result in distinctive lateral and vertical facies relations. End_of_Article - Last_Page 332------------
Species diversity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Louisiana

More than four decades have passed since the completion of the checklist by Moser and Blum (1960) of the ants of Louisiana. This research represents a significant contribution to and an update of their work. This report is the first-ever comprehensive assessment of the formicid fauna of Louisiana. One hundred thirty-two species from 40 genera and nine subfamilies were found. Information on how Louisiana ant fauna compares to that of adjacent states and Nearctic fauna are provided. Interesting results include the identity of exotic and pestiferous species, missing species, species lost, and previously unreported species.
Detecting Potential Pathogens on Hospital Surfaces: An Assessment of Carpet Tile Flooring in the Hospital Patient Environment

The type of flooring in hospitals has long been scrutinized in terms of its potential role in nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections. This study was conducted for the purpose of detecting potent...
Frege: Evidence for Self-Evidence

In 'Frege's Notions of Self-Evidence',1 I set out to articulate the role that self-evidence plays within Frege's philosophy of mathematics. I argued that within Frege's writings, there are two distinct notions that are translated 'self-evidence'. One notion is of a truth being foundationally secure without being grounded on any other truth. The other notion is of a truth being such that a reasoner can be justified in believing it simply by clearly grasping its content. I argued that both of these notions are needed to understand Frege's theory of ultimate foundational proofs, his method for discovering such proofs, and his motivations for proving the propositions of arithmetic. I situated my discussion of self-evidence within the debate regarding Frege's reasons for endeavouring to establish logicism. One of the goals of my paper was to advance a new rationale, which I called the Euclidean Rationale, for why Frege endeavoured to prove the propositions of arithmetic:
The development of the female Drosophila reproductive system.

Light and electron microscopical studies allow a descriptive account to be given of the preadult development of the ovary of Drosophila melanogaster. The lineage of the cell groups which contribute to the tissues of the adult ovary has been determined. The earliest morphologically detectable event in the differeentiation of each ovariole is the formation during the larval period of its terminal filament. Oogonia play no role in the induction of terminal filaments. The developmental events which transform a spherical mass of ovarian cells into a collection of multicellular cylinders is described. The importance in morphogenesis of acellular membranes secreted at the interface separting cells of different prospective significances is stressed. Such membranes may serve to regulate the future migration of cell populations or as sites of attachment for monolayers of cells which later fuse to form multinucleated muscle sheaths. The transformation of oogonia to cystoblasts coincides with and presumably depends upon the same hormonal stimulus which causes metamorphosis. The first oocytes to undergo crossing over do so between 24 and 36 hours after puparium formation.
Gambling in the Rocky Mountains

Black Hawk, Central City, Cripple Creek (Colorado), and Deadwood (South Dakota) is analyzed through interdependencies between local history, geog­raphy, and regional and national developments of the gaming and heritage industries. First, local history and the pro‑gaming campaigns are examined. Second, the economic, social, and political transformations that followed the onset of gaming in the late 1980s and the early 1990s are discussed. The cur­rent situation is then analyzed from the same perspectives. Finally, current chal­lenges to the towns' tourism economies are examined. These include schisms related to historic preservation of local architecture, the intensification of old regional rivalries, and competition in the gaming and heritage tourism mar­kets nationwide. The examination shows how planning, communication, and examination of the bigger picture and its contextual interdependencies are cru­cial for sustainable development at the local level. Comparative studies on community developments that are sensitive to space, time, and scale support the goal of a broader understanding of sustainability. Normal 0 21 false false false FI X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
The anthropology of global flows A critical reading of Appadurai's `Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy'

Arjun Appadurai's essay `Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy' popularized the idea of `global flows'. He argues that these flows are `disjunctive' and `chaotic' in character and that they supersede standard geographical thinking in social-cultural analysis. Appadurai's emphasis on disjuncture prioritizes ephemeral and shifting flows, thereby underestimating the relative power of capital and the interactions between different kinds of flows. Likewise, Appadurai's view of geography assumes that static units are the opposite of flows, whereas a processual geography understands how flows can create, reproduce, and transform geographic spaces. This alternative helps us understand global inequalities and boundaries better than Appadurai's does, and enables us to broach the topic of differentiated rights and treatments of mobile populations. The goal of a critical reading of this essay is not destructive; rather, we seek to construct a more powerful social-cultural anthropology of dynamic f...
A 24 GHz phased-array transmitter in 0.18μm CMOS

A fully-integrated 4-element phased array transmitter at 24 GHz with on-chip PAs is demonstrated in 0.18μm CMOS. It has a beam-forming resolution of 10°, a peak-to-null ratio of 23 dB, and 28 dB isolation between paths. Each PA can deliver up to +14 dBm into 50 Ω in saturation. The die size is 6.8mm x 2.1mm. The transmitter bandwidth is more than 400MHz and supports up to 1Gbit/s QPSK, facilitating a Gigabit wireless LAN solution.
Development of the hippocampal region in the rat. II. Morphogenesis during embryonic and early postnatal life.

Morphogenesis of the entire hippocampal region was examined in normal rats from embryonic (E) day E10 to E22 and on postnatal (P) days P1, P7, and P21, and was correlated with autoradiographic datings (Bayer, '79c). This region is postulated to form from two connected primordia in the telencephalon, easily recognizable on E16. One lies in the dorsomedial wall and generates a portion of the subiculum, Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus. The other lies in the dorsoposterior wall and generates the entorhinal cortex and part of the parasubiculum and presubiculum. A cortical plate appears in the presumptive entorhinal region on E17; a cell-sparse fibrous zone appears in the middle of the cortical plate on E19. Lamination in the entorhinal cortex proceeds from lateral to medial and from deep to superficial, with the thickening of layer III being the last to appear on E22. Lamination in the subiculum starts on E18, but the distinction between superficial laminae in the para- and presubiculum cannot be made until E22. The stratum pyramidale is small on E20 in presumptive Ammon's horn, then greatly lengthens between E21-P1. In early dentate gyrus development, cells migrate from the neuroepithelium near the outgrowth of the fimbria and adjacent to the choroid plexus toward a subpial location. The ectal limb of the granular layer appears at the two extremes of the dentate gyrus on E20; the endal limb apears perinatally and develops rapidly to become morphologically similar to the ectal limb by P7. A volumetric analysis of growth in Ammon's horn (including a portion of the subiculum), dentate gyrus, fimbria, and fornix was made from E15 to P21. The neuroepithelium increases to a peak volume on E18 and disappears by P1. The subependymal zone becomes distinct on E18, reaches a peak volume on E20 and disappears by P7. Rapid rates of growth in the stratum oriens and strata radiatum, lacunosum-moleculare occur between E16-E17 and between E22-P1. The pyramidal layer grows rapidly between E18-E19 (presumptive subicular pyramids) and between E22-P1 (presumptive Ammon's horn pyramids). Growth rates of the dentate hilus are rapid prenatally and decline postnatally, while dentate granular and molecular layers maintain high postnatal growth rates. The fimbria and fornix have early (E18-E19) and late (E21-E22) spurts of growth. To accurately locate regions of primitive migratory and mitotic cells within each lamina of Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus, the number of cells surviving a single exposure to 200 R X-rays in embryonic brains (E15-E22) were compared with controls. The neuroepithelium increases its radioresistance from E15-E21 and reaches control levels by E22; the subependymal zone is highly radiosensitive throughout development. In contrast, radioresistance in the stratum oriens and dentate hilus declines and reaches a low point on E20. Over 70% of the cells in the strata pyramidale, radiatum, lacunosum-moleculare, and dentate granular layer are radioresistant throughout development.
One-Dimensional Dynamics of Attention and Decision Making in LIP

Where we allocate our visual spatial attention depends upon a continual competition between internally generated goals and external distractions. Recently it was shown that single neurons in the macaque lateral intraparietal area (LIP) can predict the amount of time a distractor can shift the locus of spatial attention away from a goal. We propose that this remarkable dynamical correspondence between single neurons and attention can be explained by a network model in which generically high-dimensional firing-rate vectors rapidly decay to a single mode. We find direct experimental evidence for this model, not only in the original attentional task, but also in a very different task involving perceptual decision making. These results confirm a theoretical prediction that slowly varying activity patterns are proportional to spontaneous activity, pose constraints on models of persistent activity, and suggest a network mechanism for the emergence of robust behavioral timing from heterogeneous neuronal populations.
Self-heating in semiconductors: A comparative study

Abstract A new expression for the source term H , in the heat flow equation is developed for bipolar semiconductors. This term consists of heat generated by carrier-lattice collisions, recombination of electrons and holes, and other processes. The expression allows self-consistent calculations of self-heating in any device. The derivation is based on thermoelectric concepts. There exists several expressions for H in the general literature for calculating the temperature field, and the presently developed one is compared with the older ones. Discrepancies exist between all of the formulas and reasons for them are given.
High-resolution Fresnel zone plates for x-ray applications by spatial-frequency multiplication

We propose a scheme for deriving a high-resolution zone plate from a coarser one by interfering the light from two positive-order foci. We give a theorteical analysis of the process, which we call spatial-frequency multiplication. The analysis requires calculation of diffracted intensities far off axis, and we derive validity conditions for the application of approximate methods to this calculation. Specifically, we show that the Fresnel approximation is useful in many cases, whereas the method of stationary phase is valid for all cases of technological interest. Some practically useful parameter choices are considered for implementation of the zone-plate fabrication method. An example calculation suggests that a zone plate with smallest zone spacing of 13.8 nm may be possible.
Collaborative Computing Using the Atom Publishing Protocol

In this paper we present a collaborative computing infrastructure that enables applications that are distributed across a network of computers to collaborate using the atom publishing protocol. The collaborative computing infrastructure couples together, and facilitates interactions between, application programs using the pull-based, event-based distributed computing paradigm. The atom server allows publishers to publish events as atom feed entries for consumers to read. The current specification of the atom publishing protocol, which we have implemented, requires feed entries to be retrieved one by one. To provide better performance, we have also implemented a modification of the atom publishing protocol that supports retrieval of all of the feed entries in a collection at once. This modification results in shorter retrieval times for feed entries, fewer connections to the atom server for each consumer, and larger numbers of concurrent consumers.
Ultra-Fast Low Concentration Detection of Candida Pathogens Utilizing High Resolution Micropore Chips

Although Candida species are the fourth most common cause of nosocomial blood stream infections in the United States, early diagnostic tools for invasive candidemia are lacking. Due to an increasing rate of candidemia, a new screening system is needed to detect the Candida species in a timely manner. Here we describe a novel method of detection using a solid-state micro-scale pore similar to the operational principles of a Coulter counter. With a steady electrolyte current flowing through the pore, measurements are taken of changes in the current corresponding to the shape of individual yeasts as they translocate or travel through the pore. The direct ultra-fast low concentration electrical addressing of C. albicans has established criteria for distinguishing individual yeast based on their structural properties, which may reduce the currently used methods' complexity for both identification and quantification capabilities in mixed blood samples.
Animal groups and social ontology: an argument from the phenomenology of behavior

Through a critical engagement with Merleau-Ponty’s discussion of the concepts of nature, life, and behavior, and with contemporary accounts of animal groups, this article argues that animal groups exhibit sociality and that sociality is a fundamental ontological condition. I situate my account in relation to the superorganism and selfish individual accounts of animal groups in recent biology and zoology. I argue that both accounts are inadequate. I propose an alternative account of animal groups and animal sociality through a Merleau-Pontian inspired definition of behavior. I criticize Merleau-Ponty’s individualistic prejudice, but show that his philosophy contains the resources necessary to overcome this bias. I define behavior as a holistic, ongoing, meaningful and Umwelt-oriented intrinsically configured expression of living forms of existence. By looking at cases of animal groups drawn from contemporary studies in zoology and behavioral ecology, I show that animal groups, in the fact that they behave, manifest themselves to be a fundamental form of existence, namely, the social form of existence.
Sequences and Spectra

Traditionally, digital signal processing deals with vectors whose components are elements of the complex number system or the real number system. The discrete Fourier transform is commonly defined in the complex field and it forms a fundamental tool in the subject of digital signal processing. Likewise, many of the tasks of error-control codes can be described in terms of the discrete Fourier transform in a Galois field. The rich set of properties of the Fourier transform — which the engineer has internalized to form part of his intuition — are valid in the complex field and in the Galois fields. These properties underlie much of the structure of digital signal processing and of error-control codes. Indeed, these properties hold in an arbitrary field and can be developed without mention of any particular field.
Morphogenesis in the Genus Arthrobacter

(1972). Morphogenesis in the Genus Arthrobacter. CRC Critical Reviews in Microbiology: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 521-544.
Are professional psychology training programs willing the future to economic illiterates?: a clarion call for pedagogical action.

AbstractBackground: The behavioral health care environment in the United States is changing and many experts expect seismic shifts in access, accountability and reimbursement policies. Students in professional psychology training programs will be called upon to administer, manage, supervise and deliver clinically sound as well as cost effective services. While in general, traditional professional psychology training curricula prepare students well for clinical challenges, most students enter the profession naive to the economic, financial and business enterprise crucibles in the behavioral health care marketplace.Aims: This article examines the problem of such naivete and offers several recommendations for improving graduate students’ economic literacy. Moreover, the article argues that increased business and economic acumen may serve to close the research-practice gap in professional psychology.Methods: The article reviews literature pertinent to training psychologists and highlights pedagogical gaps.Res...
Opuntia Fruits as a Source of Inexpensive Functional Food

Opuntia (prickly pear) is a genus of xerophyte belonging to the Cactaceae family, growing abundantly in the arid parts of the world. Owing to high nutritional value in terms of dietary fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acid, minerals, protein and an assortment of other phytochemicals, Opuntia fruits are gaining popularity. Validation of health benefits viz. antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiuretic, hypocholesterolemic, antidiabetic, antiproliferation, immunostimulatory and antiulcerogenic activity have further consolidated their position in emerging nutraceutical sector. Though at infancy, the Opuntia fruit-based foods are garnering consumer approval and are expected to contribute significantly to functional food processing. This chapter explores the proven biological potentials and suggests future scopes.
New ideas based on tradition Appreciation on Zhang Wenjun's landscape painting

The great master of landscape painting 2the ur Zhang wenjun has created assiduously ofr dozens of years along the road of traditionlifecreationrealism, some of works are of milestone. his works are classified into three categories: The first, the reflection of Socialist new look. The second, the manifestation of revolutionary heros. The third, the depiction for the landscape of the famous moutains and rivers. you will feel its literary grace. intelligence and the great master.
Studies on the relationships of amylose content with the grain quality and the texture of cooked rice

This paper reported the relationships of amylose content with the characteristics of RVA profile and the texture of cooked rice in three transgenic rice lines with anti-waxy gene and its original variety Wuyunjing7. The results showed that there were notably difference in the main characters of grain quality and the texture of cooked rice. Gel consistency became soft and the content of coarse protein was reduced while amylose content was decreased. Appearance of the kernel with very low amylose content seemed to be waxy and opaque. The characteristics of RVA profile and the texture of cooked rice were affected significantly by amylose content. The lines with high amylose content had higher setback, consistency, hot viscosity and final viscosity. On the other hand, the texture of cooked rice presented harder and the retrogradation of rice flour was found. In contrary, the lines with low amylose content had lower setback, consistency, hot viscosity and final viscosity, and the texture of cooked rice presented softer. The relations of amylose to breakdown and to peak viscosity were not simple. Speculate that there is a threshold value for the content of amylose. When amylose content was less than the threshold value, breakdown and peak viscosity would increased with the increasing content of amylase, contrarily, they would be reduced.
Elucidation of the Teixobactin Pharmacophore

This paper elucidates the teixobactin pharmacophore by comparing the arginine analogue of teixobactin Arg10-teixobactin to seven homologues with varying structure and stereochemistry. The roles of the guanidinium group at position 10, the stereochemistry of the macrolactone ring, and the “tail” comprising residues 1–5 are investigated. The guanidinium group is not necessary for activity; Lys10-teixobactin is more active than Arg10-teixobactin against Gram-positive bacteria in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. The relative stereochemistry of the macrolactone ring is important. Diastereomer l-Thr8,Arg10-teixobactin is inactive, and diastereomer d-allo-Ile11,Arg10-teixobactin is less active. The macrolactone ring is critical; seco-Arg10-teixobactin is inactive. The absolute stereochemistry is not important; the enantiomer ent-Arg10-teixobactin is comparable in activity. The hydrophobic N-terminal tail is important. Truncation of residues 1–5 results in loss of activity, and replacement of residu...