cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
We Both Eat Rice, But That’s About It: Korean and Latino Relations in Multi-ethnic Los Angeles

On any given day, in any given restaurant in Koreatown, countless orders are taken, meals are served, tables are cleared, dishes are washed, and cheques are paid. Down the street at a corner convenience store, shelves are stocked, beverages are placed into large refrigerators, and purchases are rung up. Even to the most casual observer, it becomes obvious that Korean workers take the orders and collect the money while Latino workers replenish the shelves, clear the tables and wash the dishes.
Indian boarding schools

The history of Indian education in the United States has been one long story of extraction, drawing land and natural resources away from Indian people, while simultaneously justifying policies that...
Reverse-phase protein microarrays.

While genes and RNA encode information about cellular status, proteins are considered the engine of the cellular machine, as they are the effective elements that drive all cellular functions including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. Consequently, investigations of the cellular protein network are considered a fundamental tool for understanding cellular functions.Alteration of the cellular homeostasis driven by elaborate intra- and extracellular interactions has become one of the most studied fields in the era of personalized medicine and targeted therapy. Increasing interest has been focused on developing and improving proteomic technologies that are suitable for analysis of clinical samples. In this context, reverse-phase protein microarrays (RPPA) is a sensitive, quantitative, high-throughput immunoassay for protein analyses of tissue samples, cells, and body fluids.RPPA is well suited for broad proteomic profiling and is capable of capturing protein activation as well as biochemical reactions such as phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, protein cleavage, and conformational alterations across hundreds of samples using a limited amount of biological material. For these reasons, RPPA represents a valid tool for protein analyses and generates data that help elucidate the functional signaling architecture through protein-protein interaction and protein activation mapping for the identification of critical nodes for individualized or combinatorial targeted therapy.
Multiple-Stimulus Without Replacement Preference Assessment for Students at Risk for Emotional Disturbance

The ability of educators to identify consequences that act as reinforcers may predict the success of behavior change strategies predicated on the use of reinforcement. Supported for individuals with severe disabilities, research concerning the effectiveness of choice-stimulus assessment for students with emotional disturbance (ED) remains limited. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of brief multiple-stimulus without replacement (MSWO) procedures in identifying reinforcers for three elementary students with or at risk for ED. The study compared the effects of MSWO and vocal nomination of preferences on the use of cover, copy, and compare (CCC)—an evidence-based math facts acquisition strategy—using an alternating treatments design. Additional analyses concerned the correspondence between assessments. The stability of the MSWO and vocal nomination assessments was also assessed. Results indicated that the MSWO assessment identified effective reinforcers for students at risk for ED and generated more consistent findings than vocal nomination. In one of three cases, the reinforcers identified by the MSWO assessment resulted in more frequent use of CCC than nominated reinforcers. Directions for future research and implications follow a discussion of findings.
Surface-Based Analyses of the Human Cerebral Cortex

This chapter reviews many technical as well as conceptual issues involved in the surface-based analyses of cerebral cortex. The degree of accuracy associated with different surface representations is an issue of particular importance. For some applications, it is sufficient to see results portrayed on a cortical surface that is topologically accurate (that is, has no holes or tangles), even if it contains substantial geometric inaccuracies or distortion. For other purposes such as morphometric analyses, it is desirable to know the precise extent of the cortical surface (plus its thickness) associated with specific regions that have been delimited geographically or functionally. The visualization and analysis methods discussed and illustrated in this chapter involve a variety of software packages. Some of this software has only recently been made available, and some of it is still under active development. The goal of surface reconstruction is to obtain an accurate representation of the desired cortical layer by a process that is reliable, efficient, and entails minimal user interaction. It is important not only to continue improving the accuracy of surface reconstructions but also to refine the methods for assessing uncertainties and regional biases in surface area measurements.
Coastal Wetland Geomorphic and Vegetative Change: Effects of Sea-Level Rise and Water Management on Brackish Marshes

Conservation and management of coastal ecosystems require an understanding of how accelerated sea-level rise (SLR) and altered hydrology impact community shifts over time. This study evaluates the response of tidal wetlands of the Ten Thousand Islands, Collier County, Florida, to SLR and water management, with a focus on the development and distribution of tidal ponds across a wetland landscape. Sediment cores collected from marshes, mangroves, and tidal ponds reveal a clear transgressive stratigraphy. Facies analyses demonstrate that ponds originate from the surface downward through the degradation of marsh peat. Analyses of 1953 and 2009 aerial imagery using ArcGIS® software clearly identified tidal pond initiation, growth, and merger over time. Wetlands west of the Faka Union Canal, which have limited freshwater sheet flow due to canalization, are experiencing a greater increase in pond count, pond density (p = 0.0038), and mean pond area (p < 0.0001). Qualitative observations also recognize a relatively larger influence of mangrove envelopment over time in western sites compared with those retaining near-natural flows. Future land management plans must account for the expected submergence of inland marsh ecosystems driven by SLR and accelerated by hydrologic alteration. Continued restoration of freshwater sheet flow is necessary for slowing the regional transition (and loss) of graminoid marshes to either mangrove or pond environments. Without such action, a complete loss of these biologically diverse marsh ecosystems as mangrove forests encroach and marsh surfaces submerge is probable in the short term.
John Hartley, Wen Wen, and Henry Siling Li

This book aims to develop a new conception of creative industries, a term largely associated with the aggregated economic activity of artists. Hartley, Wen, and Li expand the scope of creative industries by defining creativity as newness of any variety and arguing that newness emerges from groups communicating with each other. This wide definition of creative industries invites scholars of entrepreneurship communication and technical communication to join the multidisciplinary conversation on the creative industries. The authors’ very distributed understanding of creativity raises interesting questions, allows for the study of large-scale phenomena, and leaves open questions of precarity and devalued expertise.
Speaking Up: The Next Step to Improving Health Care Worker Hand Hygiene

Since Ignaz Semmelweis recognized hand hygiene as a key behavior to prevent health care–associated infections, health care workers (HCWs) have struggled to listen to and act on this seemingly simple advice. Despite this knowledge, HCW hand hygiene remains poor, ∼40% nationally.1 The hand hygiene behavior of HCWs is significantly influenced by long-standing habits, which are often difficult to change. This difficulty contributes to the challenges hospitals have faced trying to sustainably improve HCW hand hygiene. Multiple studies reinforce the need for a multimodal approach to improve hand hygiene.1–3 The World Health Organization recommends a combination of interventions: an institutional focus on hand hygiene, education and training, supply availability, workplace reminders, and feedback of compliance data.1 Hospitals that have implemented a similar bundle of interventions have seen HCW hand hygiene improve, but compliance usually plateaus at 90%.4 In the recent quality improvement (QI) initiative by McLean et al,5 the goal was to improve HCW hand hygiene to ≥95% by using high-reliability concepts. This was a time series QI study implemented on 2 pediatric medical surgical units within a large academic medical center. Hand hygiene compliance was defined as correct hand hygiene before and …
Open-loop temperature-compensated tuning of a 2-pole absorptive bandstop filter

For the first time, an open-loop temperature-compensated control scheme is presented for a tunable 2-pole absorptive bandstop filter. The scheme includes a post-fabrication calibration that extracts the filter poles and zeros and generates a model of the zeros with respect to bias condition across −35 to 100° C. The bias voltages needed to achieve a target notch at a sensed temperature are determined based on this model. Measured filter tuning shows 20–48 dB improvement in isolation from 1.7–2.1 GHz compared to tuning without temperature compensation and frequency variation of less than ±0.03% from −35 to 100° C.
Painting the Landscape with Fire: Longleaf Pines and Fire Ecology

Carol Lynn Price reviews Den Lathem's Painting the Landscape with Fire: Longleaf Pines and Fire Ecology.
Reflexiones sobre la historia de la asistencia social: una visión crítica del relato nacionalista

Este ensayo critica la narrativa nacionalista de la historia de la asistencia social. Ese relato triunfalista enfatiza la consolidacion del Estado en el siglo XIX y hace de la Reforma el momento culminante cuando la responsabilidad de ayudar a los pobres paso de la Iglesia al Estado, la asistencia se secularizo y centralizo, y la beneficencia reemplazo la caridad. Pero lejos de describir lo que ocurrio, estos cambios forman parte de un mito patriotico. Recientes estudios revelan la debilidad del Estado y las limitaciones y exclusiones de los servicios publicos. Al concentrarse en algunas ciudades principales, el gobierno no tuvo presencia en gran parte del territorio nacional. Una tendencia contradictoria fue el fortalecimiento de las organizaciones no gubernamentales —incluso religiosas— durante la segunda mitad del siglo antepasado. En la practica, aun despues de la Reforma, Mexico tuvo un sistema asistencial que mezclaba lo publico y lo privado, lo religioso y lo secular.
Paradigms and Foundational Philosophies

Social theory can usefully be conceived in terms of four key paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. The four paradigms are founded upon different assumptions about the nature of social science and the nature of society. Each generates theories, concepts, and analytical tools which are different from those of other paradigms.
Work limiting health and divorce behaviour: a retrospective analysis with SIPP data

This study examines the influence of six work-limiting health conditions that appear to arrive largely unexpectedly for married men and women – cancer, carpal tunnel syndrome, deafness or serious t...
Temporal variability of dissolved organic radiocarbon in the deep north pacific ocean

We report marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ∆14C from seawater collected from the North central Pacific Ocean (NCP) in 2015. These measurements show DOC ∆14C values averaged –235±5‰ (n=3) in the mixed layer (24–81 m) and –544±5‰ (n=5) in the deep water (1500–5139 m). A comparison of these data with two previously published DOC ∆14C profiles from the NCP in 1985 and 1987 reveals that deep DOC ∆14C values have decreased. We discuss several possible mechanisms that could cause such a shift in DOC ∆14C values, including spatial inhomogeneity and temporal variability due to changes in the dissolution and ∆14C value of surface derived particles in the deep sea. We find that forthcoming profiles of DOC ∆14C results from the NCP will determine the primary mechanisms controlling deep DOC ∆14C distributions, and changes over the past three decades.
Risk Assessment and the Law: Evolving Criteria by Which Carcinogenicity Risk Assessments are Evaluated in the Legal Community

Where scientific uncertainty precludes the definitive resolution of factual issues, there has been a tendency among decision-makers in the regulatory and judicial arenas to use policy-making as a substitute for fact-finding. This tendency led several regulatory agencies in the 1970s to limit the use of risk assessment because of the complexity of the risk assessment process and because of their concern that methodologies were not sufficiently developed to remove uncertainty. Several judicial decisions have since reversed the trend. Agencies are now moving in the direction of scientific risk assessment, although there is much ground yet to be covered. Simultaneously, trial courts appear to be replacing scientific fact-finding with policy-making when confronted with the uncertainty of cancer causation. This paper reviews these two developments and provides a contrast between the criteria currently used by courts to evaluate carcinogenicity risk assessments by regulatory agencies and the criteria used by a recent trial court to evaluate evidence of cancer causation.
Modern Instrumentation in Protein Chemistry

Instrument makers are claiming that our recent progress in biochemical research is predominantly due to the fact that scientists have at their disposal a highly sophisticated, reliable and specialized instrumental and computational equipment which puts them into the position of collecting and handling a tremendously increased amount of data. In addition, new instrumentation has promoted new experimental techniques leading efficiently to more reliable results.
Boundaries: The Balkans, the Law, and the Sacred

The recent Balkan Wars are a phenomenon of violence across psychicboundaries, the value-based cosmological Worlds that humans necessarilycreate as the substantive content of consciousness. This violenceresults from the human tendency to consider alien values perceivedacross a psychic boundary as a threat. This violence cannot beeliminated by eliminating these boundaries because these boundariesthemselves cannot be eliminated. Instead, the problem can be addressedonly in terms of establishing public institutions that honor a pluralismof values, thereby attenuating the threat that alien values pose.
Cannibalism in Clusters’ Cusps

Galactic cannibalism has long been assumed to play a role in the luminosity evolution of the brightest galaxies in clusters, but whether is it important enough to grow the luminous (L ~ 12L*) first-ranked galaxies completely over the age of the universe, or is rather just a modest source of luminosity growth has been a point of contention. I have been attempting to answer this question observationally through imaging investigations of multiple-nucleus first ranked galaxies. My work (Lauer 1986, 1988, and 1989) leads me to conclude that cannibalism may well be important for luminosity growth of first-ranked galaxies, but is probably insufficient to grow them completely — my best guess is that typical luminosity growth by cannibalism is ~ 4L*. The high prevalence of multiple nucleus first-ranked cluster galaxies is often sited as strong evidence for cannibalism. Fully 48% of first-ranked galaxies in Abell clusters have a companion galaxy brighter and M B = -17.5 within 20kpc of their centers; and if first-ranked galaxies are built by steady cannibalism, then it can be shown that a large fraction of these “secondary galaxies” are currently being cannibalized as we watch. For cluster galaxies initially distributed as r -γ in space density, the present epoch cannibalism rate is $$\frac{{dLt}}{{dt}}\left| {_{{t = T}}} \right. = {\mkern 1mu} (\frac{{3{\mkern 1mu} - {\mkern 1mu} \gamma }}{{2T}}){\mkern 1mu} {{L}_{{T,}}} $$ (1) where L T is the total luminosity cannibalized, and T is the time since cluster formation. For typical first-ranked galaxy luminosity, L 1 ≈ 12L*, T = 1010 yr, and γ = 2, dL T /dt ≈ 0.6L*/109 yr. Absorption of the brightest secondary galaxies will take place in about an orbital period or typically Δt ≈ 3 x 108 yr. This gives the average luminosity actively being cannibalized within the metric radius at any time as L C ≈ dL T /dtΔt ≈ 0.2L*. This number is close to the typical total luminosity of secondary galaxies within the metric radius averaged over all Abell clusters regardless of multiplicity, but the radial velocities of the secondary galaxies are high (Tonry 1984, 1985, Smith et al 1985); the majority of these galaxies do not appear to be bound to the central galaxy in a merging event.
Evaluation and bacterial populations associated with fresh mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)

Abstract Doores, Stephanie, Kramer, Michael, and Beelman, Robert. 1986. Evaluation of bacterial populations associated with fresh mushrooms ( Agaricus bisporus ) Proc. Int. Symp. Tech Aspects Cult. Edible Fungi Total aerobic bacterial counts on mushrooms were determined for the first six flushes of the crop cycle and the casing material and water were sampled at selected intervals. Total bacterial numbers ranged from 2. 1 to 16 × 10 6 CFU/g; numbers were relatively constant through the fifth flush of the crop cycle and decreased slightly by flush 6. Counts from casing material were considerably higher, between 1. 7 and 2. 9 × 10 8 CFU/g and also were relatively constant over the cycle. Bacterial counts from tap water were lower and did not appear to contribute to overall microbial populations. The majority (54. 0%) of bacteria isolated from the individual flushes were identified as fluorescent pseudomonads with flavobacteria comprising the second largest group (10. 0%). The proportions of these two organisms remained relatively constant; however, the pseudomonads decreased between the fifth and sixth flush while the flavobacteria increased. Bacterial populations during postharvest storage at 13°C increased from an initial load of 10 7 CFU/g to almost 10 11 CFU/g. The same two groups predominated but the proportion of flavobacteria increased during later storage. A third group of pseudomonads having mucoidal colonies appeared during storage in a biphasic manner. Deterioration of mushroom quality as indicated by maturity and color measurement appeared concomitant with bacterial growth indicating that darkening is related to increased bacterial numbers. However, phytopathogenic strains of microorganisms responsible for blotch occurred in very low numbers during storage.
Relative contributions of subcutaneous and intermuscular fat to yields and predictability of retail product, fat trim, and bone in beef carcasses.

Carcass data from one side of 610 steers born from 1988 to 1990 in Cycle IV of the Germ Plasm Evaluation research program were analyzed to develop means for carcass traits and retail product percentages at two fat trim levels (.76 and.00 cm ) by yield grade categories. Weights of subcutaneous (s.c. ) fat and intermuscular (i.e.m.) fat were recorded separately at each trim level. Quadratic regression curves were plotted for percentages of roast and steak meat (RS however, considerable variation still existed. Subcutaneous fat expressed as a percentage of the sum of i.e.m. and s.c. fat increased as yield grade increased, but the percentage of i.e.m. fat was higher than the percentage of s.c. fat for all yield grades. On the basis of partial correlation coefficients, i.e.m. fat was approximately twice as important as s.c. fat in accounting for variations in fabrication yields.
Caveats and technical challenges in performance evaluation of activated carbon (AC) and non-AC filtration for NO2 abatement toward energy-efficient and healthy ventilation.

As the awareness of public health/safety becomes important and the desire to provide clean/safe indoor air in a sustainable way increases, air filtration technology has become essential at urban built facilities, which are challenged by significant outdoor air pollution due to dense population and heavy traffic. To provide comparable/objective data for designers and professionals of gas-phase filtration equipment in HVAC systems, it is important to understand the performance and characteristics of possible filter medium candidates within a reasonable testing period at low levels of target hazard concentration (typically, ∼0.05 ppm). The present study investigated the 2000-time scale-down evaluation evidence and its behind reasons between practical high-concentration tests (∼100 ppm NO2) and actual low-concentration ones, and investigated potential dangers identified during the study in utilizing activated carbon (AC)-based virgin filter media in indoor applications due to unexpected NO-desorption phenomenon. Six filter media of AC-based and non-AC with different type/pellet/shape/size/target compound were selected and tested for abating NO2 mainly originated outdoors. A multi-channel simultaneous testing system was utilized for similar standard testing conditions. The study findings provide previously unavailable experimental data and new insight into the behavior of widely used filtration media against NO2 for the enhancement of urban resilience.
Long-term Functional, Psychological, Emotional, and Social Outcomes in Survivors of Firearm Injuries.

Importance The outcomes of firearm injuries in the United States are devastating. Although firearm mortality and costs have been investigated, the long-term outcomes after surviving a gunshot wound (GSW) remain unstudied. Objective To determine the long-term functional, psychological, emotional, and social outcomes among survivors of firearm injuries. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study assessed patient-reported outcomes among GSW survivors from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2017, at a single urban level I trauma center. Attempts were made to contact all adult patients (aged ≥18 years) discharged alive during the study period. A total of 3088 patients were identified; 516 (16.7%) who died during hospitalization and 45 (1.5%) who died after discharge were excluded. Telephone contact was made with 263 (10.4%) of the remaining patients, and 80 (30.4%) declined study participation. The final study sample consisted of 183 participants. Data were analyzed from June 1, 2018, through June 20, 2019. Exposures A GSW sustained from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Scores on 8 Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) instruments (Global Physical Health, Global Mental Health, Physical Function, Emotional Support, Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities, Pain Intensity, Alcohol Use, and Severity of Substance Use) and the Primary Care PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder) Screen for theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Results Of the 263 patients who survived a GSW and were contacted, 183 (69.6%) participated. Participants were more likely to be admitted to the hospital compared with those who declined (150 [82.0%] vs 54 [67.5%];P = .01). Participants had a median time from GSW of 5.9 years (range, 4.7-8.1 years) and were primarily young (median age, 27 years [range, 21-36 years]), black (168 [91.8%]), male (169 [92.3%]), and employed before GSW (pre-GSW, 139 [76.0%]; post-GSW, 113 [62.1%]; decrease, 14.3%;P = .004). Combined alcohol and substance use increased by 13.2% (pre-GSW use, 56 [30.8%]; post-GSW use, 80 [44.0%]). Participants had mean (SD) scores below population norms (50 [10]) for Global Physical Health (45 [11];P Conclusions and Relevance This study’s results suggest that the lasting effects of firearm injury reach far beyond mortality and economic burden. Survivors of GSWs may have negative outcomes for years after injury. These findings suggest that early identification and initiation of long-term longitudinal care is paramount.
Parathyroid gland weight is associated with high density lipoprotein levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Abstract Objective To investigate the relationship between parathyroid gland weight and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Methods In this retrospective case control study, we reviewed 329 PHPT patients aged from 20 to 85 years who had a parathyroidectomy at Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital. The patients were divided into 5 quintiles according to their parathyroid gland weight: 68 patients had a parathyroid gland weight Results Body Mass Index (BMI) trended to be higher across the quintiles of parathyroid gland weight (P = 0.003). Serum calcium and PTH levels were significantly increased across parathyroid gland quintiles (p Conclusions PHPT patients with heavier parathyroid glands tended to have higher BMI and lower HDL levels.
Renal Infarct After Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: Consider in Back Pain Differential.

As hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipidemia become more widespread, the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) has also increased.1 Traditionally those with multiple comorbidities – also those with greatest AAA mortality – were considered too high risk for operative repair. In recent decades, however, endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) has become a popular option, especially for high-risk patients. Overall, short-term outcomes are comparable to traditional open repair despite higher patient baseline risk. However, EVAR comes with its own risks, which the emergency physician should be aware of. Here, we present a rare complication of EVAR: device thrombosis with subsequent renal infarct.
Application of Botulinum Neurotoxin in Male Sexual Dysfunction: Where Are We Now?

Abstract Introduction Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is a recognized therapeutic agent of modern medical care, routinely used to treat medical conditions affecting a variety of organ systems including the musculoskeletal, integumentary, and urological domains. Ongoing research is exploring BoNT's potential role as a therapeutic agent for a variety of male sexual pathologies. Objective To review and analyze the literature regarding BoNT as a treatment option for male sexual dysfunction. Methods A PubMed search was performed for English-language articles in peer-reviewed journals between 1970 and 2019 (with one article from 1897). Relevant articles referenced within these texts were also included. One article did not have an accompanied English full-text available. The following search terms were used: “Botox”, “Botulinum toxin”, “Botulinum toxin A”, “Onabotulinum A”, “Abobutlinum A”, “BoNT”, “BoNT-A”, “Male sexual health”, “Male sexual pathology”, “Peyronie's disease”, “Premature ejaculation”, “Scrotal Pain”, “Penile Retraction”, “Scrotox”, “Erectile Dysfunction”, and “Botox in Urology”. Results There is interest in the potential role of BoNT in the treatment of male sexual pathologies. We identified studies that used BoNT to treat chronic scrotal content pain, premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, Peyronie's disease, penile retraction, and more. However, despite preclinical/clinical data indicating some potential efficacy and safety in these settings, a lack of robust clinical trial data has resulted in no current Food and Drug Administration–approved indications for the use of BoNT in the treatment of male sexual pathology. As a result, much of the current use of BoNT by today's providers is “off-label,” and ongoing clinical trials aim to further elucidate the potential role of this therapeutic agent. Conclusion Current data suggest that BoNT could have a potential role as a treatment option for certain types of male sexual pathologies. However, more randomized controlled trial data regarding its long-term safety and efficacy are necessary before a widespread clinical adoption can take place. Reddy AG, Dick BP, Natale C, et al. Application of Botulinum Neurotoxin in Male Sexual Dysfunction: Where Are We Now?. J Sex Med 2021;9:320–330.
Dynamical systems modeling of day-to-day signal-based patterns of emotional self-regulation and stress spillover in highly-demanding health professions

As hospital workers face a growing number of patients and have to meet increasingly rigorous standards of care, their ability to successfully modulate their emotional reactions and flexibly handle stress presents a significant challenge. This paper examines a multimodal signal-driven way to quantify emotion self-regulation and stress spillover through a dynamical systems model (DSM). The proposed DSM models day-to-day changes of emotional arousal, captured through speech, physiology, and daily activity measures, and its interplay with daily stress. The parameters of the DSM quantify the degree of self-regulation and stress spillover, and are associated with work performance and cognitive ability in a multimodal dataset of 130 full-time hospital workers recorded over a 10-week period. Linear regression experiments indicate the effectiveness of the proposed features to reliably estimate individuals’ work performance and cognitive ability, providing significantly higher Pearson’s correlations compared to aggregate measures of emotional arousal. Results from this study demonstrate the importance of quantifying oscillatory behaviors from longitudinal ambulatory signals and can potentially deepen our understanding of emotion self-regulation and stress spillover using signal-driven measurements, which complement self-reports and provide estimates of the psychological constructs of interest in a fine-grained time resolution.
The skeletal actions of parathyroid hormone in primary hyperparathyroidism

Abstract Parathyroid hormone (PTH), primary hyperparathyroidism, and bone are the main subjects of this chapter. The subject lends itself to resolving some of the paradoxes implicit in the subsequent development of PTH as a therapy for osteoporosis. This chapter will cover selective features of primary hyperparathyroidism as they apply to the skeleton. The reader is referred to other references on primary hyperparathyroidism in which the protean manifestations of this disease are covered in more complete detail.
Writing With Reddiquette: Networked Agonism and Structured Deliberation in Networked Communities

Abstract This article examines the “Rules” documents accompanying three networked discussion communities. The three networked communities— r/AmITheAsshole, r/SandersForPresident, and r/PoliticalDiscussion on the popular discussion platform Reddit— all engage rhetorical sensibilities of decorum, metadiscourse, and telos in different but compelling ways. As writers in structured networked communities compose with community guidelines documents such as subreddit “Rules” and platform-wide notions of ‘Reddiquette’ in mind, they attune themselves to rhetorical sensibilities of decorum, metadiscourse, and telos, and in doing so help foster environments of networked agonism and public community deliberation. This article concludes by offering future prospects for networked agonism, including suggesting how rhetorical sensibilities conveyed in “Rules” documents can inform other networked environments, understandings of rhetorical invention, and rhetoric and composition pedagogies.
Monte Carlo simulation to study the effect of molecular spin state on the spatio-temporal evolution of equilibrium magnetic properties of magnetic tunnel junction based molecular spintronics devices

With a variable spin state, paramagnetic molecules can affect the impact of magnetic exchange coupling strength between two ferromagnetic electrodes. Our magnetic tunnel junction based molecular spintronics devices (MTJMSD) were successful in connecting paramagnetic single molecular magnet (SMM) between two ferromagnetic electrodes. Isolated SMM exhibited a wide range of spin states. However, it was extremely challenging to identify the SMM spin state when connected to the ferromagnetic electrodes. Our prior experimental and Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS) studies showed that paramagnetic molecules produced unprecedented strong antiferromagnetic coupling between two ferromagnets at room temperature. The overall antiferromagnetic coupling occurred when a paramagnetic SMM made antiferromagnetic coupling to the first electrode and ferromagnetic coupling to the second ferromagnetic electrode. This paper studies the impact of variable molecular spin states of the SMMs, producing strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the ferromagnetic electrodes of MTJMSD. The MTJMSD used in this study was represented by an 11 x 50 x 50 Ising model, with 11 being the thickness of the MTJMSD and 5 x 10 x 50 being each electrode’s size. We employed a continuous MCS algorithm to investigate SMM’s spin state’s impact as a function of molecular exchange coupling strength and thermal energy.
Can Moral Enhancement Address Our Environmental Crisis? A Call for Collective Virtue-Oriented Action.

Proponents of moral enhancement present this biotechnology as a viable solution to social and political problems. The projected imperative to enhance ourselves morally is a direct response to our p...
Attitudes toward Rubella and Varicella Vaccination during Preconception Care

Introduction Studies of anti-vaccine attitudes in the perinatal time period previously have not paid special attention to the MMR and varicella vaccines. Because both contain live attenuated virus, a contraindication during pregnancy, it is important to assess barriers to vaccination clinically during preconception to avoid the known fetal morbidity associated with congenital rubella or varicella infection. Methods The primary outcome of this study was to determine prevalence of patients with nonimmune status for rubella and varicella in the setting of advanced reproductive care. Secondary outcomes of interest included further understanding nonimmune reproductive-aged women's attitudes toward MMR and varicella vaccination during preconception. Patient records with laboratory orders for rubella or varicella immunoglobulin titers, placed at the KU Advanced Reproductive Care clinic between January 2017 and June 2020, were reviewed (n = 2,217). A cross-sectional survey was administered to patients with a laboratory reported negative titer result. Results Prevalence of nonimmunity to either rubella or varicella represented 6.0% (n = 134) and 3.8% (n = 85) of records, respectively; nineteen records (0.6%) demonstrated nonimmunity to both. The women who did not receive recommended vaccines following a non-immune titer result (n = 19) most commonly cited their rationale was to not delay fertility treatment further (n = 8), a requirement when receiving live attenuated virus vaccines. Conclusions The prevalence of nonimmune persons in the study population fell within the range recognized to be sufficient for herd immunity. The majority of survey respondents indicated that CDC recommended vaccinations were of high personal importance, with strong congruence of thought among those who answered in favor of vaccines when posed with several true or false statements about personal beliefs and vaccine efficacy. The risk/benefit analysis of postponing fertility treatment to achieve adequate levels of immunity should be a focused discussion when establishing fertility treatment goals with patients in the setting of advanced reproductive care.
Food self-sufficiency in Micronesia: Effects of a nutrition assistance programme on food consumption

Abstract Food assistance programmes in Micronesia have been blamed for creating disincentives to agriculture and nutritionally adverse dietary habits. In 1982 a USDA commodity programme in the Northern Mariana Islands was replaced by the Nutrition Assistance Program (NAP), which required that at least 25% of food coupons be used for the purchase of local foods. Consumption of local fish and bread increased, but consumption of local fruits and vegetables declined among NAP participants. Although targeted coupons did not reverse the trend towards imported foods, the bakery and fishery endeavours indicate that improved marketing can be coupled with food stamps to increase local food production and consumption.
Land Acquisition Surveys and Maps for Reservoirs

A variety of surveys, maps, and investigations are essential for the construction of Tennessee Valley Authority's multipurpose Tims Ford Reservoir project on the Elk River. Existing topographic maps, preliminary survey data, and the delineation of a tentative boundary were used in the preparation of feasibility and planning reports. A basic control network was established and expanded with supplemental control as required for subsequent surveying and mapping. Topographic maps, scale 1 in = 200 ft, were photogrammetrically complied of the entire reservoir area. Preliminary landownership data was obtained to facilitate subsequent mapping (on 43 land acquisition maps) of all properties that would be affected by the reservoir. Surveys were made for the relocation or adjustments of highways, railroads, or utilities that will be inundated by the reservoir. Detailed studies, occasionally involving cost estimates of land purchases in lieu of road replacement, were made for determining the location of the final purchase boundary.
Acute Pancreatitis in the Upper Age Groups

Summary 1.Acute pancreatitis in the upper age groups is treated as a separate entity. 2.When the present series of cases was compared with the literature, it was lower in incidence or occurrence of the following history of alcoholism, nausea, diarrhea, shock, Grey Turner or Cullen's signs, and paralytic ileus. 3.When the present series of cases was compared with the literature, it was higher in incidence or occurrence of the following female cases; lower abdominal pain as the presenting site of pain; jaundice; hyperglycemia; glycosuria; serum amylase; serum alkaline phosphatase; leukocytosis above 20,000 per cu. mm.; positive diagnostic features on abdominal x-rays and gastrointestinal series; associated arteriosclerotic, cardiovascular, and renal diseases; and rate of recurrences. 4.The laboratory findings which seem to be of greatest help are the leukocyte count, serum amylase, serum alkaline phosphatase, and roentgenograms (flat plate and gastrointestinal series).
Cost-of-Illness Studies: An Updated Review of Current Methods

Cost-of-illness (COI) studies provide policy-relevant information for cross-country, longitudinal, and other cost comparisons. Prior studies have called for standardization in COI methods. We investigated trends, identified factors associated with variation in COI estimation methods, and characterized reporting of heterogeneity in COI estimates. The review of COI studies was implemented following (i) a structured search of PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE; (ii) a review of abstracts; (iii) a full-text review; and (iv) classification of articles according to six COI estimation methods: Sum_All Medical, Sum_Diagnosis Specific, Matched, Regression, Other_Total and Other_Incremental. Descriptive and multivariable regression analyses were conducted. Of the 993 studies included in the full-text review, 186 (18.7 %) were Sum_All Medical, 458 (46.1 %) were Sum_Diagnosis Specific, 96 (9.7 %) were Matched, 97 (9.8 %) were Regression, 70 (7.1 %) were Other_Incremental, and 68 (6.9 %) were Other_Total. Compared with the early period, publications in the middle and late period were associated with lower odds of using Sum_All Medical compared with Sum_Diagnosis Specific (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]middle 0.14; 95 % CI 0.07–0.28; AORlate 0.44; 95 % CI 0.29–0.67). Overall, 640 articles (64 %) reported COI estimates across patient groups defined by patient-level factors, while 247 articles (25 %) reported COI estimates across patient groups defined by non-patient-level factors. The disease-specific total costing method (Sum_Diagnosis Specific) was most commonly used and its use increased over the time period covered by this review. The investigation of subgroup heterogeneity in COI estimates represents an area for future research.
Differentiation of Serratia marcescens 274 into swimmer and swarmer cells.

Abstract We describe a new sensory response in the enteric bacterium Serratia marcescens. When grown in liquid media, the bacteria were short rods with one to two flagella and displayed classical swimming behavior. Upon transfer to a solid surface (0.7 to 0.8T% agar medium), the bacteria underwent a dramatic change of form. They ceased septation, elongated, and expressed numerous (10 to 100) flagella that covered the lateral sides of the cells. The bacteria now displayed a different form of locomotion--swarming--which allowed them to rapidly move over the top of the solid surface. The differentiation to either swimmer or swarmer cells could be reversed by growth on solid or liquid medium, respectively. To identify conditions that influence this differentiation, the growth environment of S. marcescens was manipulated extensively. The swarming response was monitored by visual and microscopic observation of cell movement on solid surfaces, by immunofluorescent labeling followed by microscopic observation for the presence of elongated, profusely flagellated cells, as well as by estimation of induction of flagellin protein, using Western immunoblot analysis. Conditions that imposed a physical constraint on bacterial movement, such as solid or viscous media, were the most efficient at inducing the swarming response. No chemical constituent of the medium that might contribute to the response could be identified, although the existence of such a component cannot be ruled out. Both swimmer and swarmer cells had flagellin proteins of identical molecular weight, which produced similar proteolysis patterns upon digestion with trypsin.
Sex-Role Orientation, Defensiveness, and Competitiveness in Women

Women of differing sex-role orientations and levels of defensiveness played a PDG with a woman identified as either traditionally or career-oriented, but who was actually a confederate using a nonresponsive 60% cooperative strategy. To facilitate avoidance of competition, matrix values minimized the pull toward defection, and a third self-protective choice was provided as an alternative to unilateral cooperative sacrifice. Women rejecting the traditional feminine role consistently avoided competition, regardless of their level of defensiveness, and particularly when the other was similar in orientation. For women endorsing both traditional and career values, low defensiveness corresponded with avoidance of competition, while high defensiveness corresponded with competitive behavior, similar to that of traditionally oriented women. Both sex-role orientation and defensiveness demonstrated their usefulness as individual difference dimensions affecting the behavior of women in the PDG.
Japanese Firms’ Innovation Strategies in the Twenty-First Century: An Institutional View

The landscape within which Japanese companies innovate stands altered by events of the past two decades. Buffeted and metamorphosed by the forces of a severe asset value decline beginning in 1990, and a decade of economic malaise, followed by a subsequent decade of growth – and now the recent financial crisis – Japanese firms are transforming their innovation strategies because the national institutional framework of those strategies is altered by new economic realities. Even though the basis of the strategies that evolve from the framework, and perhaps the strategies themselves, are changing, Japan is more than maintaining its level of innovation, according to recent data. Even small companies seem to be increasingly part of recent innovation outcomes. So we ask, how is the level maintained given that the strategies that created Japan’s acknowledged industrial innovativeness seem to be transformed by events?
The Family of Instruments That Assess Suicide Risk.

In suicide assessment, Beck’s Scale for Suicide Ideation is used widely, though other adult and youth instruments are available. A creative, positive instrument is the Reasons for Living. Advantages of suicide questionnaires include rapid assessment, access to information that may be difficult to obtain by observations and verbal interaction, ease of completion for some, availability of established norms for some instruments, and indirect information provided by questionnaire responding. Disadvantages are the temptation to accept responses uncritically, the possibility that therapists or clients view the questionnaires as superseding the therapeutic relationship, the implication that suicide tendencies are static, and, at times, cost. Overall, sound clinical judgment is paramount when assessing for suicide.
Urinary amino acids in osteogenesis imperfecta

Abstract An analysis of the urinary amino acids from seven patients with congenita type osteogenesis imperfecta was performed using an automatic amino acid analyser. The results obtained were compared to the levels found in seven age-matched controls. A significant elevation of the phosphoethanolamine and cysteine concentrations was demonstrated.
Thermodynamic coarsening of dislocation mechanics and the size-dependent continuum crystal plasticity

Abstract Starting from the standard coarsening of dislocation kinematics, we derive the size-dependent continuum crystal plasticity by systematic thermodynamic coarsening of dislocation mechanics. First, we observe that the energies computed from different kinematic descriptions are different. Then, we consider systems without boundary dissipation (relaxation) and derive the continuum approximation for the free energy of elastic–plastic crystals. The key elements are: the two-dimensional nature of dislocation pile-ups at interfaces, the localized nature of the coarsening error in energy, and, the orthogonal decomposition theorem for compatible and incompatible elastic strain fields. Once the energy landscape is defined, the boundary dissipation is estimated from the height of energy barriers. The characteristic lengths are the average slip plane spacing for each slip system. They may evolve through the double-cross slip mechanism. The theory features the slip-dependent interface free energy and interface dissipation for penetrable interfaces. The main constitutive parameters are derived from elasticity. The exception is the dependence of interface energy on slip plane orientation, which is determined from numerical results. The theory requires no higher order boundary conditions. The only novel boundary conditions are kinematic, involving slip relaxation on the two sides of an interface.
Threshold photodetachment of cold C−60

Abstract Threshold photodetachment of cold C − 60 has been investigated with a tunable dye laser from 2.55 to 2.80 eV. The cold C − 60 was produced through laser vaporization of a purified C 60 target with a specially designed nozzle. The threshold behavior of the detachment cross section as a function of energy was found to be well described by Wigner's threshold law plus a dominating polarization term. The electron affinity of C 60 was measured to be 2.650±0.050 eV. Two unique effects, which are characteristic of bulk materials, were observed in this nano-sized molecule, i.e. the thermionic emission and the inelastic electron—“phonon” scattering effects, with the former strongly dependent on the laser fluences and the later on both the internal temperature of C − 60 and the photoelectron kinetic energy.