cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Daily Pattern of Trap-Catch of German Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) in Kitchens

Age-specific trap-catch of German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), was evaluated with Mr. Sticky traps in infested kitchens continuously for 7 d. Over 75% of all cockroaches and, in general, more of all stages were caught in traps positioned at the stove and refrigerator compared with traps positioned in lower and upper cabinets and in the pantry. Profile analysis indicated that the number of daily new captures did not change over time at most trap locations, indicating that previously caught cockroaches were neither attractive nor repellent. However, new captures near the refrigerator declined over time probably because of localized trapping out. Refrigerators appeared to be better harborage areas compared with other locations. Putative harborage areas in kitchens can be identified by examination of sticky trap catch. There is greater catch and a lower ratio of gravid female to other stages at harborage areas than other locations in infested kitchens. Except for traps located next to harborages, daily trap catch can be estimated by dividing total catch by the number of days the trap was in place.
Interaction of phospholipid-metal complexes with water-soluble wheat protein

Insoluble lipid-protein complexes are formed in the presence of Ni(II), Ca(II), or Mg(II) by specific components of the water-soluble proteins of wheat flour and either triphosphoinositide or phosphatidyl serine. The pattern of protein species bound by the lipid-metal complex is dependent upon the metal and the phospholipid used. A group of proteins, containing carbohydrate, may be solubilized and recovered by washing the precipitate with acidic chloroform-methanol-water. Analyses of reactive and nonreactive protein species have shown no differences which clearly account for their behavior. Methylation of protein increases binding to lipid; acetylation decreases the interaction. Weak interaction has been observed between certain components of flour proteins and phospholipid in the absence of metal ions, but the components differ from those bound in the presence of metal ions. It is suggested that properly oriented groups of the protein molecules are chelating onto available coordination positions of metal ions already bound to phospholipid.
Approaching a terminally ill patient in denial.

Denial is a common coping mechanism for those facing a terminal illness—most people use denial to one degree or another, denying some aspects of their illness at least some of the time.
Concern for Lost Income Following Donation Deters Some Patients From Talking to Potential Living Donors.

Context:Some living kidney donors report lost income during recovery from surgery. Little is known about whether concern for living donor’s lost income affects the decision to undergo donation eval...
Fatalism and hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in US Hispanics/Latinos: results from HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study

Compared with non-Hispanic whites, US Hispanics/Latinos display similar hypertension prevalence, but lower awareness, treatment, and control. Sociocultural factors may affect these patterns. Fatalism, the belief that health is predetermined by fate, relates to poorer adoption of risk reducing health behaviors. We examined the association of fatalism with hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control among 5313 Hispanics/Latinos, ages 18-74, who were enrolled from four US communities in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study. After accounting for socioeconomic status and acculturation in logistic regression analyses, higher fatalism was associated with increased odds of hypertension (OR 1.14, 95 % CI 1.02, 1.28). This association was non-significant when diabetes and other health-related covariates were statistically adjusted. Fatalism was not associated with hypertension awareness, treatment, or control. Findings suggest that the association of fatalism with hypertension may be due largely to its association with SES, acculturation, or related health conditions.
RAPID COMMUNICATION: Impact of contemporary light sources on oxidation of fresh ground beef.

Meat color is considered one of the driving factors in consumer purchasing decisions. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of 2 different lighting sources on color and lipid oxidation of ground beef patties in a controlled environment. USDA Select top rounds ( = 20) were processed to produce ground beef at 2 different fat levels (5 and 25%) and made into patties (113.4 g). Patties were packaged with oxygen permeable polyvinyl chloride, assigned to one of three lighting treatments (low UV fluorescent [FLO], light emitting diode [LED], and no light [DRK, negative control]), and placed within deli cases at 5°C. Patty removal for evaluation occurred on retail display d 1, 3, 5, and 7. Objective color measurements were obtained using a HunterLab MiniScan 45/0 LAV. These values were utilized to determine myoglobin redox forms as a measure of myoglobin oxidation. Additionally, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured to indicate lipid oxidation. Objective color measurement for a* (redness), decreased for all light treatments by retail display day ( LED > FLO. Conversely, metmyoglobin values increased daily ( LED > DRK. TBARS values increased by day for each fat percentage ( < 0.0001) with 5% fat patties having higher TBARS values indicating great oxidation occurring in the phospholipids than adipose tissues. Results indicate that light treatment affected discoloration and metmyoglobin formation in ground beef patties LED lighting may lead to increased meat quality shelf life in a retail setting.
The Conceptual Framework of Thematic Mapping in Case Conceptualization

This article, the 3rd in a series of 5, introduces the conceptual framework for thematic mapping, a novel approach to case conceptualization. The framework is transtheoretical in that it is not constrained by the tenets or concepts of any one therapeutic orientation and transdiagnostic in that it conceptualizes clients outside the constraints of diagnostic criteria. Thematic mapping comprises 4 components: a definition, foundational principles, defining features, and core concepts. These components of the framework, deemed building blocks, are explained in this article. Like the foundation of any structure, the heuristic value of the method requires that the building blocks have integrity, coherence, and sound anchoring. We assert that the conceptual framework provides a solid foundation, making thematic mapping a potential asset in mental health treatment.
Changes in biomechanical features of the two-point touch technique as it is learned

This study sought to chart biomechanical changes in the performance of the two-point touch technique as it was learned by four sighted, blindfolded adults with no previous cane experience. The resu...
Chapter 3 – Recognizers (Rabin–Scott Automata)

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the recognizers (Rabin-Scott automata). A deterministic automaton is a special case of a nondeterministic one; hence, a set of tapes recognized by a deterministic automaton is recognized by a nondeterministic one. The chapter also shows that the opposite is also true. Various theorems are proved in the chapter. Various examples of regular and non-regular sets are presented. A reduced automaton is one which has no proper homomorphic images, provided that its input set is held constant. Every semiautomaton with more than one state has a proper homomorphic image: the one-state semi-automaton. The regular sets corresponding to an automaton and to its homomorphic image are equal.
Manifolds of tool-graspability in the human brain

Neural representations for object recognition are difficult to construct because vision operates in highdimensional space. This study aims to develop low-dimensional neural representations (“manifolds”) that could contain either rotation or viewpoint information. In our experiments, four rotating tools were used as visual stimuli and brain activity was recorded using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We selected voxels whose signal changes were temporally correlated with the rotation task period and we proposed using principal component analysis to construct low-dimensional manifolds for these selected voxels. We hypothesized that manifolds for these voxels will be “loop-shaped” based on the rotation design featured in the experiment. Our results revealed two types of manifolds: voxels from lower-level visual areas (i.e. occipital pole, occipital fusiform gyrus) showed smooth “two-loops” shaped manifolds, which suggested that they treated those stimuli as rotating bars and they were sensitive to rotations instead of details of objects; voxels from higher-level visual areas didn’t show obvious shaped manifolds, but higher-level visual areas (i.e. inferior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus) were able to predict objects’ category with accuracies above 0.53 for four-class classification. Our experiments demonstrated that for lower-level visual areas, the proposed manifolds structures could represent neural activities when participants were visualizing rotating tools. The proposed representation structures can shed light on rotation angle decoding. However, the manifolds structures may not be suitable for higher-level visual areas. Future studies should further differentiate the roles of the manifolds structures in lower-level vs. higher-level visual areas.
The beginning of an investigation of the role of recF in the pathways of metabolism of ultraviolet-irradiated DNA in Escherichia coli.

The recF gene in Escherichia coli was discovered as a locus of mutations which block recombination in a recB − recC − sbcB − strain but not in a recB + recC + sbcB + strain (Horii and Clark, 1974). To understand the significance which was placed on this result it is necessary to know the functions of the recB, recC, and sbcB genes. The recB and recC genes determine exonuclease V (ExoV), an enzyme whose characteristics have been worked out in several laboratories (see e.g. Goldmark and Linn, 1972). Mutations in these genes inactivate ExoV and produce recombination deficiency (see e.g. Clark, 1973) which can be alleviated by sbcB mutations (Kushner et al., 1971). sbcB is thus a gene whose mutations indirectly suppress the recombination deficiency provoked by the absence of ExoV. The product of the sbcB gene is exonuclease I (ExoI) (Kushner et al., 1971, Yajko et al., 1974), an enzyme which degrades single-stranded DNA from 3′-OH termini (Lehman and Nussbaum, 1964). In recB − recC − strains it is presumably the inactivation of ExoI by sbcB mutations which leads to recombination ability, while it is the presence of ExoI which produces recombination deficiency. To explain this, Horii and Clark (1974) hypothesized a pathway of recombination normally inhibited by ExoI which was released from inhibition by the sbcB mutations. This pathway, called the RecF pathway after the recF gene, was considered to be independent of the pathway of recombination involving the recB and recC genes, the RecBC pathway.
The ASTROMAG superconducting megnet facility configured for a free-flying satellite

Abstract ASTROMAG is a particle astrophysics facility that was originally configured for the Space Station. The heart of the ASTROMAG facility is a large superconducting magnet which is cooled using superfluid helium. The task of resizing the facility so that it will fly in a satellite in a high angle of inclination orbit is driven by the launch weight capability of the launch rocket and the desire to be able to do nearly the same physics as the Space Station version of ASTROMAG. In order to reduce the launch weight, the magnet and its cryogenic system had to be downsized, yet the integrated field generated by the magnet in the particle detectors has to match the Space Station version of the magnet. The use of aluminium matrix superconductor and oriented composite materials in the magnet insulation permits one to achieve this goal. The net magnetic dipole moment from the ASTROMAG magnet must be small to be minimize the torque due to interaction with the earth's magnetic field. The ASTROMAG magnet consists of two identical soils 1.67 m apart. The two coils are connected in series in persistent mode. Each coil is designed to carry 2.34 million ampere turns. Both coils are mounted on the same magnetic axis and they operate at opposite polarity. This reduces the dipole moment by a factor of more than 1000. This is tolerable for the Space Station version of the magnet. A magnet operating on a free-flying satellite requires additional compensation. This report presents the magnet parameters of a free-flying version of ASTROMAG and the parameters of the space cryogenic system for the magnet.
Chemoattraction to dimethyl sulfide links the sulfur, iron, and carbon cycles in high-latitude oceans

Large marine regions, including the exceptionally productive Southern Ocean, are iron-limited. As a result, there has been substantial interest in iron-fertilizing high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) areas in an effort to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide. More recently, research has shifted to quantifying the beneficial effects of iron recycling by marine biota. Marine top predators such as whales and seabirds have been examined specifically in this regard as they have high biomass, form dense aggregations, and excrete bioavailable iron in concentrations seven orders of magnitude higher than ambient seawater. Despite it being well established that marine fauna link the iron and carbon cycles, the connection of this process to the sulfur cycle has rarely been considered. The chemoattraction of specific marine fauna to algal-derived dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is key in triggering dense, multi-species foraging aggregations that induce iron recycling, augmenting carbon assimilation. The goal of this paper is twofold; first, to highlight DMS chemoattraction as a behavior that catalyzes carbon sequestration via natural iron fertilization, and second, to identify knowledge gaps that recent biogeochemical advances can address. Fostering this interdisciplinary research will enhance our understanding of global climate regulation, ecosystem services provided by marine top predators, and the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, iron, and sulfur in HNLC waters.
An approach of adaptive effective cycles to couple fretting wear and creep in finite-element modeling

Abstract Fretting wear and creep can occur simultaneously when two surfaces in contact vibrate against each other at relatively high temperatures. An ability to analyze combined creep and wear is important for applications involving engines, contacting surfaces within fluids of high-temperature heat exchangers, such as fuel rods in nuclear power stations, and contact with polymers close to their glass-transition temperatures. The two phenomena of creep and wear interact with each other through their roles in affecting the shape and stress fields at contacts. Wear is a phenomenon that is generally considered to have no inherent time scale associated with it, beyond the period of the fretting oscillations. Traditional computational models for wear do not require a specific reference to time, but creep models do. Currently, a reliable and efficient numerical algorithm to couple the relatively long time scales of creep to the, generally, short periods of vibrations is not available. In this paper, we present such an algorithm, using an approach of adaptive effective vibration cycles. We demonstrate how to ensure the efficiency and reliability of the modeling by bounding the magnitude of the stress redistribution along the interface during the effective cycle. This approach enables the simulation of problems involving coupled wear and creep. We show that this approach is robust, and that it can be used during full-slip and partial-slip fretting for geometries with smooth or discontinuous interfaces at the edge of the contact. In particular, we use these examples to illustrate some of the crucial roles of creep in wear, such as transitions between partial and full slip.
Hemodynamic impingement and the initiation of intracranial side-wall aneurysms:

Objective The natural history intracranial aneurysms (IA) remains poorly understood despite significant morbidity and mortality associated with IA rupture. Hemodynamic impingement resulting in elevations in wall shear stress and wall shear stress gradient (WSSG) has been shown to induce aneurysmal remodeling at arterial bifurcations. We investigate the hemodynamic environment specific to side-wall pre-aneurysmal vasculature. We hypothesize that fluid impingement and secondary flow patterns play a role in side-wall aneurysm initiation. Methods Eight side-wall internal carotid artery aneurysms from the Aneurisk repository were identified. Pre-aneurysmal vasculature was algorithmically reconstructed. Blood flow was simulated with computational fluid dynamic simulations. An indicator of isolated fluid impingement energy was developed by insetting the vessel surface and calculating the impinging component of the fluid dynamic pressure. Results Isolated fluid impingement was found to be elevated in the area of aneurysm initiation in 8/8 cases. The underlying fluid flow for each area of initiation was found to harbor secondary flow patterns known as Dean's vortices, the result of changes in momentum imparted by bends in the internal carotid artery (ICA). Conclusion Isolated fluid impingement and secondary flow patterns may play a major role in the initiation of side-wall aneurysm initiation. We are unable to determine if this role is through direct or indirect mechanisms but hypothesize that elevations in isolated fluid impingement mark areas of cerebral vasculature that are at risk for aneurysm initiation. Thus, this indicator provides vascular locations to focus future study of side-wall aneurysm initiation.
Inhibitors and Coatings

The application of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) as a new tool for the investigation of methods of corrosion protection is illustrated for corrosion inhibitors, conversion coatings, polymer coatings and oxide layers as well as for cathodic protection of stainless steels in seawater. It is pointed out that it is essential for all these cases to develop the appropriate models for the impedance which can be used to fit the experimental data and extract the parameters which characterize the corrosion process.
Accounting Exposure to Foreign Exchange Risk

What is currency exposure to foreign exchange risk? How can such exposure be measured? How should internal reporting systems be designed to keep track of it? Should such currency exposures be centrally consolidated by the multinational corporation? Many of the answers to these various questions depend on the nature of the corporation’s involvement in foreign markets.
Structure and behavior of water-laden CH4/air counterflow diffusion flames

Abstract A counterflow configuration was used to measure thermal and species structure in water-vapor diluted nonpremixed methane–air flames. The motivation is to understand the chemical and thermal effects that water has when it is introduced as a diluent into the fuel side. This work is relevant to combustion processes where water is incorporated naturally in the fuel; e.g., methane hydrates, and when water is added intentionally for emission reduction such as in flares and H2O/fuel emulsions combustion. Experimental data are compared to 1-D computations. The agreement is generally very good, but the one dimensional counterflow diffusion model overpredicts flame temperature and major radical, OH, concentration very near extinction in highly diluted H2O–methane/air diffusion flames. Changes in flame position, flame width, and peak temperature with the addition of water were measured. Flame temperatures were measured with thin filament pyrometry. OH-PLIF is used to characterize the flame reaction zone with water dilution; the OH distribution, flame position and thickness from the OH-PLIF images were measured. The results show that the OH intensity and reaction zone thickness decreases with the increase in water. Predictions and experiments demonstrate that water mainly acts thermally to lower the flame temperature until extinction. The OH maximum intensity shifts towards the air side of the counterflow burner with water addition. OH is also measured with CO2 dilution of the fuel stream, and the results are compared with H2O addition, including comparisons with the OH molar peak predictions obtained using the GRI 3.0 mechanism and the CHEMKIN Pro one dimensional counterflow model. The study indicates that water’s chemical effects are to change the production and depletion of OH, H and O radicals, especially near extinction. Chemical kinetics simulation of the flame demonstrates good agreement in OH and flame temperatures over a wide range of dilution away from extinction, particularly for CO2. An over prediction of the water carrying capacity near extinction is found for highly water-diluted flames.
Telemental Health Delivery of Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR) for Rural Women Veterans Who Have Experienced Military Sexual Trauma

This pilot study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a skills-focused treatment delivered via video teleconferencing (VTC) to women veterans living in rural areas who had experienced military sexual trauma (MST). The Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR) program focuses on teaching emotion management and interpersonal skills in 8 to 10 sessions. The STAIR program may be a good fit for individuals in rural areas for whom social isolation and low social support are particularly problematic. Clinic-to-clinic VTC was used to connect a STAIR therapist with veterans for weekly individual therapy sessions. The participants (n = 10) reported high satisfaction with the intervention and would recommend the program to others. There were significant pretreatment to posttreatment improvements in social functioning, Hedge's g = 1.41, as well as in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, Hedge's g = 2.35; depression, Hedge's g = 1.81; and emotion regulation, Hedge's g = 2.32. This is the first report of the successful application of a skills-focused treatment via VTC for women veterans.
Bottom scattering by a moving, narrowband source

During the Target and Reverberation Experiment in 2013 (TREX13), two vertical line arrays were deployed and a mid-water source was towed past these arrays while transmitting 15-s long, mid-frequency CW tones. While the received signals exhibited the expected positive and negative Doppler shifts as the source moved toward and away from the arrays, a significant amount of energy was always present in the band between these two frequencies. This counterintuitive result is due to sound scattering from the seafloor in the vicinity of the source. This sound will experience a different Doppler shift and although it may be incident above the critical angle, it can scatter into propagating modes that can be received on the arrays. As opposed to wide-band reverberation where the energy received at a given time can be associated with an elliptical scattering patch, in this case the energy received at a given frequency can be associated with scattering from a hyperbolic scattering patch. A normal-mode reverberation model for this effect has been developed and is used to examine whether this data can be used to invert for the seafloor scattering strength at the TREX13 site. [Work supported by ONR.]
Flow force measurements and the wake transition in purely inline vortex-induced vibration of a circular cylinder

We find a novel shedding mode (Alternating-Symmetric) in the vortex-induced vibration response of a cylinder free to oscillate in the inline direction. In this mode, two vortices of opposite sign are shed simultaneously from two sides of the oscillating cylinder, but their sizes alternate per cycle.
Impact of imprinted labels on deep learning classification of AP and PA thoracic radiographs

Deep learning can be used to classify images to verify or correct DICOM header information. One situation where this is useful is in the classification of thoracic radiographs that were acquired anteroposteriorly (AP) or posteroanteriorly (PA). A convolutional neural network (CNN) was previously trained and showed a strong performance in the task of classifying between AP and PA radiographs, giving a 0.97 ± 0.005 AUC for an independent test set. However, 81% of the AP training set and 24% of the AP independent test set consisted of images with imprinted labels. To evaluate the effect of labels on training and testing of a CNN, the labels on the images used for training were removed by cropping. Then the CNN was retrained using the cropped images with the same training parameters as before. The retrained CNN was tested on the same independent test set and resulted in a 0.95 ± 0.007 AUC in the task of classifying between AP and PA radiographs. The p-value is 0.002 between the AUCs from the two networks, showing a statistically significant decrease in performance by the network trained on the cropped images. The decrease in performance may be due to the network being previously trained to recognize imprinted labels or due to relevant anatomy being cropped along with the label, however, the performance is still high and can be incorporated in clinical workflow.
Does Flexoelectricity Drive Triboelectricity

The triboelectric effect, charge transfer during sliding, is well established but the thermodynamic driver is not well understood. We hypothesize here that flexoelectric potential differences induced by inhomogeneous strains at nanoscale asperities drive tribocharge separation. Modeling single asperity elastic contacts suggests that nanoscale flexoelectric potential differences of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1--10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{V}$ or larger arise during indentation and pull-off. This hypothesis agrees with several experimental observations, including bipolar charging during stick slip, inhomogeneous tribocharge patterns, charging between similar materials, and surface charge density measurements.
Characteristics of Wetting-Induced Bacteriophage Blooms in Biological Soil Crust.

Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are photosynthetic "hot spots" in deserts and cover ∼12% of the Earth's terrestrial surface, and yet they face an uncertain future given expected shifts in rainfall events. Laboratory wetting of biocrust communities is known to cause a bloom of Firmicutes which rapidly become dominant community members within 2 days after emerging from a sporulated state. We hypothesized that their bacteriophages (phages) would respond to such a dramatic increase in their host's abundance. In our experiment, wetting caused Firmicutes to bloom and triggered a significant depletion of cyanobacterial diversity. We used genome-resolved metagenomics to link phage to their hosts and found that the bloom of the genus Bacillus correlated with a dramatic increase in the number of Caudovirales phages targeting these diverse spore-formers (r = 0.762). After 2 days, we observed dramatic reductions in the relative abundances of Bacillus, while the number of Bacillus phages continued to increase, suggestive of a predator-prey relationship. We found predicted auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) associated with sporulation in several Caudovirales genomes, suggesting that phages may influence and even benefit from sporulation dynamics in biocrusts. Prophage elements and CRISPR-Cas repeats in Firmicutes metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) provide evidence of recent infection events by phages, which were corroborated by mapping viral contigs to their host MAGs. Combined, these findings suggest that the blooming Firmicutes become primary targets for biocrust Caudovirales phages, consistent with the classical "kill-the-winner" hypothesis.IMPORTANCE This work forms part of an overarching research theme studying the effects of a changing climate on biological soil crust (biocrust) in the Southwestern United States. To our knowledge, this study was the first to characterize bacteriophages in biocrust and offers a view into the ecology of phages in response to a laboratory wetting experiment. The phages identified here represent lineages of Caudovirales, and we found that the dynamics of their interactions with their Firmicutes hosts explain the collapse of a bacterial bloom that was induced by wetting. Moreover, we show that phages carried host-altering metabolic genes and found evidence of proviral infection and CRISPR-Cas repeats within host genomes. Our results suggest that phages exert controls on population density by lysing dominant bacterial hosts and that they further impact biocrust by acquiring host genes for sporulation. Future research should explore how dominant these phages are in other biocrust communities and quantify how much the control and lysis of blooming populations contributes to nutrient cycling in biocrusts.
Gastrectomy with left-sided hemihepatectomy for locally advanced stomach cancer

Case report demonstrates long-term recurrence-free survival of a patient who underwent gastrectomy combined with left-sided hemihepatectomy for locally advanced stomach cancer with metastases in the left liver lobe.Aggressive surgical strategy with advanced intervention for metastatic gastric cancer may be justified by the achievement of R0-resection in some cases.
Toward a humanistic turn for a more ethical journalism

This article argues that the social scientific epistemology that has dominated journalism for the past half-century has devalued the moral implications of public affairs and deprived citizens of th...
Real-world use and survival outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in older adults with non-small cell lung cancer.

Background Limited data exist regarding the characteristics and survival outcomes of older adults with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who receive immune checkpoint inhibitors in routine oncology practice. Methods Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked database, we identified 1256 patients aged ≥65 years who were diagnosed with pathologically confirmed stage I to stage IV NSCLC between 2002 and 2015 and initiated nivolumab or pembrolizumab in 2016. We examined patient characteristics and overall survival from the time of immune checkpoint inhibitor initiation through December 31, 2017. Results The median patient age at the time of immune checkpoint inhibitor initiatiton was 75.3 years (interquartile range, 8.5). A substantial percentage of patients were initially diagnosed with stage IV disease (42.6%) and had ≥2 comorbid conditions (48.7%). Using a claims-based proxy, 11.5% of patients had poor performance status and 12.6% had a history of autoimmune conditions. The median overall survival after initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitor was 9.3 months (95% CI, 8.5-10.5 months). The 1-year survival rate was 43.0% (95% CI, 40.2-45.7%). In multivariable analyses, multiple comorbid conditions, squamous histology, a history of nonplatinum doublet systemic therapy, recent radiotherapy, and a shorter time from initial diagnosis to treatment initiation were found to be statistically significantly associated with an increased hazard of death. Demographics, poor performance status, and prior autoimmune conditions were not significantly associated with the hazard of death. Conclusions Many older adults with NSCLC who initiated immune checkpoint inhibitors had multiple comorbidities, a history of autoimmune disease, or poor performance status. Factors associated with poor prognosis among patients with advanced NSCLC were also associated with worse survival in older adults treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Femoral Head Chondrocyte Viability at the Cam Deformity in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome

Background:Patients with hip pathology, such as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) or hip dysplasia, are known to sustain chondral delamination injuries identifiable during hip arthroscopy, with an...
The Mordell-Weil Theorem

We consider abelian varieties, defined over essentially global fields, namely, those of §2, §3, §4, Chapter 2. We shall prove an absolute result and a relative one concerning the group of rational points of an abelian variety over such fields, namely: Theorem 1. Let K be a finitely generated field over the prime field. Let A be an abelian variety defined over K. Then A(K) is finitely generated.
Determining Cause of Death During Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

Controversy exists whether the cause of death due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is directly related to the infection or to underlying conditions. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection with the cause of death in hospitalized patients. Design Retrospective observational study; deidentified discharge summaries of deceased patients were reviewed by two intensivists and classified as coronavirus disease 2019-related (caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) or coronavirus disease 2019-unrelated (not caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or indeterminate) deaths. For classification disagreement, a separate group of three intensivists reviewed the discharge summaries and arbitrated to determine the cause of death. Setting Single-center study performed at the University of Texas Medical Branch. Patients All adult patients (> 18 yr) admitted from March 10, 2020, to October 22, 2020, with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test results who expired during their hospitalization were identified. Interventions None. Measurements and main results Patient demographics, comorbidities, prescribed medications, and ventilatory support data were collected. Comparison between groups was performed using t test and chi-square test. During the study period, 1,052 patients were admitted within 14 days of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-positive test results, of whom 100 expired during the hospitalization. Deceased patients were predominantly male and older than 65 years. Obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) was present in 41%, and common comorbidities included hypertension (47%), diabetes (30%), and heart failure (20%). Death was classified as directly caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in 85% and not caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in 5%. An indeterminate cause of death in 10% was due to insufficient information or an atypical presentation. The observed interrater agreement on the cause of death classification was 81%. Conclusions In this single-center study, the majority of deaths in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-positive hospitalized patients were related to a typical or atypical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 disease.
Molecular architecture and modifications of full-length myocilin.

Abstract Myocilin, a modular multidomain protein, is expressed broadly in the human body but is best known for its presence in the trabecular meshwork extracellular matrix, and myocilin misfolding is associated with glaucoma. Despite progress in comprehending the structure and misfolding of the myocilin olfactomedin domain, the structure and function of full-length myocilin, and contextual changes in glaucoma, remain unknown. Here we expressed and purified milligram-scale quantities of full-length myocilin from suspension mammalian cell culture (Expi293F), enabling molecular characterization in detail not previously accessible. We systematically characterized disulfide-dependent and -independent oligomerization as well as confirmed glycosylation and susceptibility to proteolysis. We identified oligomeric states with glycosylation sites that are inaccessible to enzymatic removal. Low-resolution single particle 2D class averaging from conventional transmission electron microscopy imaging confirms an extended arrangement of tetramers, truncated products consistent with dimers, and a higher-ordered state consistent with octamer. Taken together, our study reveals new myocilin misfolded states and layers of intrinsic heterogeneity, expands our knowledge of olfactomedin-family proteins and lays the foundation for a better molecular understanding of myocilin structure and its still enigmatic biological function.
Reconstructing the nasal septum from instrument motion during septoplasty surgery.

Purpose: Surgery involves modifying anatomy to achieve a goal. Reconstructing anatomy can facilitate surgical care through surgical planning, real-time decision support, or anticipating outcomes. Tool motion is a rich source of data that can be used to quantify anatomy. Our work develops and validates a method for reconstructing the nasal septum from unstructured motion of the Cottle elevator during the elevation phase of septoplasty surgery, without need to explicitly delineate the surface of the septum. Approach: The proposed method uses iterative closest point registration to initially register a template septum to the tool motion. Subsequently, statistical shape modeling with iterative most likely oriented point registration is used to fit the reconstructed septum to Cottle tip position and orientation during flap elevation. Regularization of the shape model and transformation is incorporated. The proposed methods were validated on 10 septoplasty surgeries performed on cadavers by operators of varying experience level. Preoperative CT images of the cadaver septums were segmented as ground truth. Results: We estimated reconstruction error as the difference between the projections of the Cottle tip onto the surface of the reconstructed septum and the ground-truth septum segmented from the CT image. We found translational differences of 2.74(2.06-2.81) mm and a rotational differences of 8.95(7.11-10.55) deg between the reconstructed septum and the ground-truth septum [median (interquartile range)], given the optimal regularization parameters. Conclusions: Accurate reconstruction of the nasal septum can be achieved from tool tracking data during septoplasty surgery on cadavers. This enables understanding of the septal anatomy without need for traditional medical imaging. This result may be used to facilitate surgical planning, intraoperative care, or skills assessment.
Algebraic Coding Theory

In this chapter we will discuss some applications of techniques from computational algebra and algebraic geometry to problems in coding theory. After a preliminary section on the arithmetic of finite fields, we will introduce some basic terminology for describing error-correcting codes. We will study two important classes of examples—linear codes and cyclic codes—where the set of codewords possesses additional algebraic structure, and we will use this structure to develop good encoding and decoding algorithms. Finally, we will introduce the Reed-Muller and geometric Goppa codes, where algebraic geometry is used in the construction of the code itself.
First measurement of top quark pair production cross-section in muon plus hadronic tau final states

This dissertation presents the first measurement of top quark pair production cross-section in events containing a muon and a tau lepton. The measurement was done with 1 fb{sup -1} of data collected during April 2002 through February 2006 using the D0 detector at the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider, located at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), Batavia, Illinois. Events containing one isolated muon, one tau which decays hadronically, missing transverse energy, and two or more jets (at least one of which must be tagged as a heavy flavor jet) were selected. Twenty-nine candidate events were observed with an expected background of 9.16 events. The top quark pair production cross-section is measured to be {sigma}(t{bar t}) = 8.0{sub -2.4}{sup +2.8}(stat){sub -1.7}{sup +1.8}(syst) {+-} 0.5(lumi) pb. Assuming a top quark pair production cross-section of 6.77 pb for Monte Carlo signal top events without a real tau, the measured {sigma} x BR is {sigma}(t{bar t}) x BR(t{bar t} {yields} {mu} + {tau} + 2{nu} + 2b) = 0.18{sub -0.11}{sup +0.13}(stat){sub -0.09}{sup +0.09}(syst) {+-} 0.01(lumi) pb.
Role of GTP in Eukaryotic Polypeptide‐Chain Initiation

1 A factor, which makes a ternary complex with GTP and eukaryotic initiator tRNA (Met- tRNAi), has been purified 100-fold from developed cysts of Artemia salina. Some of the properties of the purified factor have been studied. 2 Mg2+ appears to inhibit ternary complex formation. 3 Little or no ternary complex is formed when 5 μ GTP is replaced by an identical concentration of UTP, CTP or ATP. The analog, guanosine 5′-(β,γ-imino)triphosphate [GMP-P(NH)P] seems to be a much better substitute for GTP than guanosine 5′-(β,γ-methylene)triphosphate [GMP- P(CH2)P]. Since GMP-P(NH)P is as effective as GTP in ternary complex formation, it would appear that GTP plays the role of an allosteric effector in this step of eukaryotic polypeptide chain initiation. 4 GDP inhibits both the rate and extent of ternary complex formation. The inhibition is largely reversed by adding a 5-fold molar excess of GTP over GDP. dGDP is slightly less inhibitory than GDP. UDP and CDP are much less inhibitory than GDP and very little inhibition is obtained with ADP. 5 The preformed ternary complex is rapidly and completely destroyed in the presence of N-ethylmaleimide. The results suggest that free –SH groups of the factor may be essential for maintaining the integrity of the ternary complex.
Evaluation of a fully coupled large-eddy simulation–land surface model and its diagnosis of land-atmosphere feedbacks

[1] Daytime land-atmosphere interactions are the result of two-way coupled processes where the land states strongly affect the overlying atmospheric properties and vice versa. This study presents a numerical framework integrating a radiative parameterization, a large-eddy simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), and a force-restore land surface model to investigate these coupled processes and the impact of local-scale atmospheric feedbacks on surface fluxes and states. Using field measurements collected during the Soil Moisture–Atmosphere Coupling Experiment 2002, a 12 h daytime diurnal cycle simulation is performed to evaluate the coupled model performance. The estimates of surface fluxes, near-surface micrometeorological air properties, surface temperature, and vertical profiles of boundary layer characteristics are compared to the measurements collected by meteorological towers, satellites, and radiosondes. Good agreement is obtained in comparisons between model outputs and observations at both footprint- and domain-averaged scales indicating that such a coupled model can reasonably represent the coupled land-ABL system. Using the verified model baseline, simulated results for cases with different degrees of coupling show that the estimates of surface fluxes and near-surface states are mainly dominated by the feedback of air temperature and wind speed, respectively. The feedback of each air property on surface fluxes and states for different vegetation cover can be either positive or negative, with the feedbacks via air temperature and wind speed playing opposite roles in the estimation of sensible heat flux. Thus, the total feedback of multiple air properties increases if all individual impacts are of the same sign; otherwise, the impacts partially cancel each other. Results indicate that the impact of ignoring atmospheric feedbacks (i.e., the local-scale spatial variability of near-surface air properties due to coupled interactions) results in a clear error in the estimation of sensible heat flux (up to 18%) and near-surface soil moisture (up to 10%). The direct impacts of feedbacks on latent heat flux and surface temperature are relatively unimportant for the case examined.
Neuropsychological effects of escitalopram treatment in middle-aged women

Materials and methods 18 women between the ages of 45–65 with a DSM-IV diagnosis of major depression were consecutively enrolled in the study at Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. All women were treated with escitalopram in an open label design. Women were recruited from the community. All but three were Caucasian. Mean age was 55.94 and mean number of years of education was 16.36. Mood and cognition were assessed at baseline and 3-months post-treatment. Mood was assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). The neuropsychological battery included the Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition (WMS-III), Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, and Trail Making Test Parts A and B.
Improved In Vitro Excystation Procedure for Giardia lamblia Cysts

Giardia lamblia cysts obtained from human symptomatic and asymptomatic donors were excysted in vitro. Excystation averaged 87% for cysts from symptomatic donors and 70% for cysts from asymptomatic donors.
Penicillin-Resistant Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Escherichia coli Which Synthesize Hypo- or Hyper-Cross-Linked Peptidoglycan

A group of Escherichia coli mutants which are ampicillin resistant at 32 C and which either are unable to grow or lyse at 42 C has been selected. These mutants have been classified by a number of characteristics: total peptidoglycan synthesis measured by [(14)C]diaminopimelic acid incorporation, extent of cross-linking of the peptidoglycan which is synthesized, growth characteristics at the two temperatures, and morphology. Two especially interesting groups of mutants have been described. In one of these, a hypo-cross-linked peptidoglycan was synthesized at the nonpermissive temperature. Most of these organisms lysed at 42 C. In another group, the peptidoglycan synthesized at 42 C was hyper-cross-linked. Many of these organisms were spherical. Studies of revertants indicated that ampicillin resistance, temperature sensitivity, cross-linking, growth characteristics, and morphological changes may be related to a single mutational event in both of these groups.
LOCA with Consequential or Delayed LOOP: Modeling of Accident Sequences and Associated Core Damage Frequency

Following a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) in a nuclear power plant (NPP), the loss of electric-power generation, as might be precipitated by the unit tripping, may cause switchyard- and grid-inst...
Rapid Heating of Alaska Pollock and Chicken Breast Myofibrillar Proteins as Affecting Gel Rheological Properties

Surimi seafoods (fish/poikilotherm protein) in the U.S.A. are typically cooked rapidly to 90+°C, while comminuted products made from land animals (meat/homeotherm protein) are purposely cooked much more slowly, and to lower endpoint temperatures (near 70 °C). We studied heating rate (0.5, 25, or 90 °C/min) and endpoint temperature (45 to 90 °C) effects on rheological properties (fracture, small strain) of washed myofibril gels derived from fish (Alaska pollock) compared with chicken breast at a common pH (6.75). This was contrasted with published data on gelation kinetics of chicken myosin over the same temperature range. Heating rate had no effect on fracture properties of fish gels but slow heating did yield somewhat stronger, but not more deformable, chicken gels. Maximum gel strength by rapid heating could be achieved within 5 min holding after less than 1 min heating time. Dynamic testing by small strain revealed poor correspondence of the present data to that published for gelling response of chicken breast myosin in the same temperature range. The common practice of reporting small-strain rheological parameters measured at the endpoint temperature was also shown to be misleading, since upon cooling, there was much less difference in rigidity between rapidly and slowly heated gels for either species.
2.3 /spl mu/m type-I quantum well GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb/GaSb laser diodes with quasi-CW output power of 1.4W

Improvement of the output parameters of 2.3 mum GaSb-based laser diodes was observed with increase of the quantum-well compressive strain. A continuous-wave (CW) power of 1.15 W and quasi-CW power of 1.4 W were obtained at room temperature from 2 mm-long single emitters with a 100 mum-aperture.