cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Essentials to Develop Data-Driven Predictive Models of Prognostics and Health Management for Distributed Electrical Systems

The reliability of the electrical networks significantly impacts customer as well as energy providers’ bottom line. Connectivity between the various sectors of the electrical network has been expressively increased due to the high penetration of the new smart hardware and software tools. Therefore, Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) becoming a critical factor in the efficiency of capital-intensive corporations especially for the energy sector including the electrical power generation. Degradation based analysis is one of the valuable approaches of condition-based algorithms in order to obtain the reliability information especially for the highly reliable systems, critical assets, and recently developed products. The main purpose of the degradation-based models is to predict the future condition of the asset and perform the maintenance in an optimized time window before the actual failure of the system. Failure is said to have occurred as a soft failure event in these types of models. The main purpose of this study is to study the essentials in developing the first hitting time degradation-based models to predict the critical time for initiating the maintenance actions in order to optimize the effectiveness of the PHM leading to enhancing the value of the assets for the distributed electrical systems. The analyses are mostly focused on the critical components of the distributed electrical systems. The latest generations of the degradation models are exploring the potential improvements based on the more available information provided by smart devices to predict the critical failure time. Robust predictive models are beneficial to both energy providers and customers to enhance the overall reliability and risk of the system by initiating the maintenance before the physical failure occurs. In this paper, General Path (GP) and Autoregressive (AR) models as general methodologies for degradation models would be discussed in detail based on the depth of the analyses and available information.
Thing & Place: The Cognitive Basis and Idiosyncrasy of Spatial Expression in Chinese

In Chinese spatial expressions, some NPs are obligatorily followed by localizers, others cannot be followed by localizers, and the rest are optionally followed by localizers. This paper is intended to explain these variations from a perspective of cognitive semantics. We have discovered that 'objects' in a general sense are conceptualized as THING and PLACE with respect to their spatial relations in everyday cognition. The NPs that are capable of INDEPENDENTLY functioning as the Ground in the semantic structure of the motion event fall into the category of PLACE and the NPs that CONDITIONALLY function as the Ground fall into the category of THING. In Chinese, localizers rather than prepositions serve as a device to permit NPs for THING to undergo the conceptual transformation from THING to PLACE, called LOCALIZATION in this paper. This forms a fundamental explanation for the occurrence of localizers in spatial expressions. The distinction between THING and PLACE is also apparent in the observations which show selection of words for THING and PLACE in different contexts. Finally, the distinction between THING and PLACE is conceptually imposed upon a language in a manner which respects the idiosyncrasy of the semantic structure of a motion event in that language.
A Metabolic Intravascular Platform to Study FDG Uptake in Vascular Injury

Metabolic alterations underlie many pathophysiological conditions, and their understanding is critical for the development of novel therapies. Although the assessment of metabolic changes in vivo has been historically challenging, recent developments in molecular imaging have allowed us to study novel metabolic research concepts directly in the living subject, bringing us closer to patients. However, in many instances, there is need for sensors that are in close proximity to the organ under investigation, for example to study vascular metabolism. In this study, we developed and validated a metabolic detection platform directly in the living subject under an inflammatory condition. The signal collected by a scintillating fiber is amplified using a photomultiplier tube and decodified by an in-house tunable analysis platform. For in vivo testing, we based our experiments on the metabolic characteristics of macrophages, cells closely linked to inflammation and avid for glucose and its analog 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG). The sensor was validated in New Zealand rabbits, in which inflammation was induced by either a) high cholesterol (HC) diet for 16 weeks or b) vascular balloon endothelial denudation followed by HC diet. There was no difference in weight, hemodynamics, blood pressure, or heart rate between the groups. Vascular inflammation was detected by the metabolic sensor (Inflammation: 0.60 ± 0.03 AU vs. control: 0.48 ± 0.03 AU, p = 0.01), even though no significant inflammation/atherosclerosis was detected by intravascular ultrasound, underscoring the high sensitivity of the system. These findings were confirmed by the presence of macrophages on ex vivo aortic tissue staining. In this study, we validated a tunable very sensitive metabolic sensor platform that can be used for the detection of vascular metabolism, such as inflammation. This sensor can be used not only for the detection of macrophage activity but, with alternative probes, it could allow the detection of other pathophysiological processes.
Virgil: Aeneid Book XI

Virgil's Aeneid XI is an important, yet sometimes overlooked, book which covers the funerals following the fierce fighting in Book X and a council of the Latins before they and the Trojans resume battle after the end of the truce. This edition contains a thorough Introduction which provides context for Book XI both within and beyond the rest of the poem, explores key characters such as Aeneas and Camilla, and deals with issues of metre and textual transmission. The line-by-line Commentary will be indispensable for students and instructors wishing to enhance their understanding of the poem and especially of Virgil's language and syntax. Accessible and comprehensive, the volume will help readers to appreciate features of Virgilian style as well as deepening their engagement with the content and themes of the Aeneid as a whole.
A Narrative Review of the Role of Economic Crisis on Health and Healthcare Infrastructure in Three Disparate National Environments.

The collapse of a country’s economy can have significant impacts on the health and healthcare infrastructure of the country. This paper compares the collapse of three national economies from widely separated regions: Venezuela, Zimbabwe, and the countries of the former Soviet Union. Despite significant differences in the environments and cultures of these countries, there are some common variables and outcomes shared by most of the countries including effects on healthcare workforce, disproportionate effects on marginalized populations, and resurgence of certain infectious diseases.
Extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli tricuspid valve endocarditis.

Abstract Escherichia coli is a rare cause of endocarditis. This article reports an 82-year-old male with a mechanical aortic valve replacement who was admitted for fever and fatigue. He was diagnosed with a tricuspid valve endocarditis caused by an extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli following positive blood cultures and echocardiography. He received six weeks of imipenem / cilastatin and subsequently improved and was discharged with ambulatory follow ups with his infectious disease specialist.
Repurposing of the anti-HIV drug emtricitabine as a hydrogen-bonded cleft for bipyridines via cocrystallization

We report supramolecular repurposing of emtricitabine (FTC, trade name: Emtriva®), a blockbuster FDA-approved anti-HIV agent. FTC is revealed to act as a hydrogen-bonded cleft for bipyridine recognition. The supramolecular repurposing is realized by the generation of four cocrystals through liquid-assisted grinding. The clefts comprise discrete three-component assemblies sustained by a combination of hydrogen bonds and π⋯π interactions.
In situ H2O2 generation methods in the context of enzyme biocatalysis

Hydrogen peroxide is a versatile oxidant that has use in medical and biotechnology industries. Many enzymes require this oxidant as a reaction mediator in order to undergo their oxygenation chemistries. While there is a reliable method for generating hydrogen peroxide via an anthraquinone cycle, there are several advantages for generating hydrogen in situ. As highlighted in this review, this is particularly beneficial in the case of biocatalysts that require hydrogen peroxide as a reaction mediator because the exogenous addition of hydrogen peroxide can damage their reactive heme centers and render them inactive. In addition, generation of hydrogen peroxide in situ does not dilute the reaction mixture and cause solution parameters to change. The environment would also benefit from a hydrogen peroxide synthesis cycle that does not rely on nonrenewable chemicals obtained from fossil fuels. Generation of hydrogen peroxide in situ for biocatalysis using enzymes, bioelectrocatalyis, photocatalysis, and cold temperature plasmas are addressed. Particular emphasis is given to reaction processes that support high total turnover numbers (TTNs) of the hydrogen peroxide-requiring enzymes. Discussion of innovations in the use of hydrogen peroxide-producing enzyme cascades for antimicrobial activity, wastewater effluent treatment, and biosensors are also included.
Computer Vision and Iot Based Smart System for Visually Impaired People

For people who are visually impaired, navigation is a challenge they encounter on a daily basis. For the same, use of walking sticks have become a common practice. Although, there are a lot of limitation of just relying on a blind stick. A more suitable method will alert the user about the nature of the obstacle and should also be of assistance in guiding the user to their location. In this paper, we propose an architecture of an assistance system revolving around a shoe that employees IoT devices and sensors along with computer vision algorithms to provide functionalities like obstacle detection, avoidance and navigation. The method uses a smartphone based voice assistance and guides the user with appropriate haptic feedback calculated using various sensors and actuators.
Temperature artifacts in protein structures bias ligand-binding predictions

X-ray crystallography is the gold standard to resolve conformational ensembles that are significant for protein function, ligand discovery, and computational methods development. However, relevant conformational states may be missed at common cryogenic (cryo) data-collection temperatures but can be populated at room temperature. To assess the impact of temperature on making structural and computational discoveries, we systematically investigated protein conformational changes in response to temperature and ligand binding in a structural and computational workhorse, the T4 lysozyme L99A cavity. Despite decades of work on this protein, shifting to RT reveals new global and local structural changes. These include uncovering an apo helix conformation that is hidden at cryo but relevant for ligand binding, and altered side chain and ligand conformations. To evaluate the impact of temperature-induced protein and ligand changes on the utility of structural information in computation, we evaluated how temperature can mislead computational methods that employ cryo structures for validation. We find that when comparing simulated structures just to experimental cryo structures, hidden successes and failures often go unnoticed. When using structural information in ligand binding predictions, both coarse docking and rigorous binding free energy calculations are influenced by temperature effects. The trend that cryo artifacts limit the utility of structures for computation holds across five distinct protein classes. Our results suggest caution when consulting cryogenic structural data alone, as temperature artifacts can conceal errors and prevent successful computational predictions, which can mislead the development and application of computational methods in discovering bioactive molecules.
In Machine We Trust

Going a step beyond decision automation discussed earlier, this chapter examines the growing role of algorithmic decision-making systems that are rapidly becoming the technological backbone of modern organizational functioning. Building on the idea of decision automation, this chapter takes a critical look at a diverse set of increasingly self-functioning applications designed to efficiently transform torrents of real-time and near-real-time time into decisions and actions that are not only executed more expediently but also, presumptively, more objectively. Given the seemingly unstoppable march of informational automation and the manner in which it is reshaping not only how work is done but also how lives are lived, the intent here is to offer a high-level overview of the Internet of Things–powered automation as seen from the perspective of some of the fundamental assumptions of algorithmic decision-making, especially those relating to bias, transparency and accountability considerations. And lastly, continuing with the theme of data-enabled creativity, a more substantive examination of the idea of ‘association’ is also undertaken, in the context of reimagined essence of data.
An Error Analysis of Nonword Repetition Performance in Toddlers and Young Children: Theoretical Implications and Clinical Utility.

Purpose Nonword repetition has been cited as a measure of phonological working memory and continues to gain status as a clinical tool used to identify language impairment in school-age children. Le...
Diffuse Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: The Role of Pleurectomy

Diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor with dismal prognosis that has largely been associated with exposure to asbestos. As a disease of industrialized nations predominantly, it is expected to have its peak incidence around year 2020. In the United States alone, 2500 to 3000 new cases of MPM are diagnosed annually and its incidence is increasing. Based on a 20- to 50-year latency period between exposure and disease manifestation, there might still be another surge in incidence in the mid 21st century associated with asbestos exposure from the unfortunate events of September 11, 2001, at the World Trade Center in New York City. Despite important advances in our understanding of this disease, long-term survivors are rare due to delay in diagnosis and rapid disease progression. Malignant pleural mesothelioma poses a significant healthcare problem not only for patients and their caregivers, but also for industry and government in terms of the enormous cost of compensation.
Removal of Copper from Milk

Abstract Thiolated aminoethyl cellulose demonstrated an excellent ability to remove added copper from milk and resulted in resistance of milk lipid to oxidation as demonstrated by flavor scores and thiobarbituric acid values. Treatment of milk with thiosuccinylated aminoethyl cellulose for 30min removed more than 90% of copper from milk. Thionitrocarboxyphenylated aminoethyl cellulose showed a slightly smaller copper binding ability. It appeared that copper removal from milk was not affected by storage time. The pH of milk was not changed by treatment with resins. This study suggests the possible use of a thiolated resin to remove excess copper from liquid foods and beverages, including whey and casein solutions where amounts of copper are undesirable.
Incorporation of radioactive seleno-(75Se)-methionine into mumps virus.

Mumps virus was grown in embryonated chicken eggs in the presence of radioactive seleno-(75Se)-methionine. Virus in the allantoic and amniotic fluids was concentrated in a sucrose density gradient, and a peak of viral material coincided with a significant peak of 75Se-radioactivity. The radioactivity was acid-insoluble and remained associated with the virus after purification by erythrocyte adsorption and elution and centrifugation on a second sucrose density gradient. After amino-acid hydrolysis of the radioactive virus, only 75Se-methionine was recovered by chromatographic analysis. These results demonstrate that the radioactive 75Se-methionine was incorporated into protein of infectious mumps virus.
Distributed and Parallel Computing

The state-of-the-art in high-performance concurrent computing -- theory and practice.-- Detailed coverage of the growing integration between parallel and distributed computing.-- Advanced approaches for programming distributed, parallel systems -- and adapting traditional sequential software.-- Creating a Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) from networked, heterogeneous systems.This is the most up-to-date, comprehensive guide to the rapidly changing field of distributed and parallel systems.The book begins with an introductory survey of distributed and parallel computing: its rationale and evolution. It compares and contrasts a wide variety of approaches to parallelism, from distributed computer networks, to parallelism within processors (such as Intel's MMX), to massively parallel systems. The book introduces state-of-the-art methods for programming parallel systems, including approaches to reverse engineering traditional sequential software. It includes detailed coverage of the critical scheduling problem, compares multiple programming languages and environments, and shows how to measure the performance of parallel systems. The book introduces the Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) system for writing programs that run on a network of heterogenous systems; the new Message Passing Interface (MPI-2)standard; and finally, the growing role of Java in writing distributed and parallel applications.
1986 Annual Conference on Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects, 23rd, Providence, RI, July 21-23, 1986, Proceedings

The present conference on the effects of nuclear and space radiation on electronic hardware gives attention to topics in the basic mechanisms of radiation effects, dosimetry and energy-dependent effects, electronic device radiation hardness assurance, SOI/SOS radiation effects, spacecraft charging and space radiation, IC radiation effects and hardening, single-event upset (SEU) phenomena and hardening, and EMP/SGEMP/IEMP phenomena. Specific treatments encompass the generation of interface states by ionizing radiation in very thin MOS oxides, the microdosimetry of meson energy deposited on 1-micron sites in Si, total dose radiation and engineering studies, plasma interactions with biased concentrator solar cells, the transient imprint memory effect in MOS memories, mechanisms leading to SEU, and the vaporization and breakdown of thin columns of water.
Structural Analysis of Nucleolar Precursors of Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acids SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF LONG OLIGONUCLEOTIDES PRODUCED BY T1 RIBONUCLEASE DIGESTION OF NUCLEOLAR AND RIBOSOMAL 28 S RIBONUCLEIC ACID OF NOVIKOFF HEPATOMA ASCITES CELLS

Abstract Complete T1 RNase digestion was carried out on nucleolar precursor and ribosomal 28 S RNA of Novikoff ascites tumor cells which were highly labeled in vitro with [32P]orthophosphate. Two large fragments, having chain lengths of 28 and 20 nucleotides, were isolated in highly purified form from digests of both nucleolar precursor and ribosomal 28 S RNA by successive chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex at pH 7.5 and DEAE-Sephadex at pH 3.3. One of the fragments, referred to as the δ fragment, has a chain length of 28 nucleotides and is the largest fragment produced by T1 RNase from the 28 S RNA. The other fragments, referred to as the β fragment, contains an alkali-stable dinucleotide Cm-Up. Sequence studies were carried out on these fragments with the aid of complete and partial pancreatic RNase digestion, U2 RNase digestion, and partial spleen phosphodiesterase digestion. The sequences of A-A-C-C-U-A-U-C-U-U-C-A-U-C-U-C-A-A-A-C-U-U-U-A-A-A-U-G for the δ fragment and A-A-A-U-A-C-C-A-Cm-U-A-C-U-U-C-C-A-U-C-G for the β fragment are the longest obtained thus far for either ribosomal 28 S RNA or nucleolar 28 S RNA. The sequences of these two large fragments were identical for nucleolar and ribosomal 28 S RNA and provide further chemical evidence for the nucleolar origin of ribosomal 28 S RNA.
Finding the sweet spot: Assembly and Glycosylation of the Dystrophin-Associated Glycoprotein Complex

The dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DGC) is a collection of glycoproteins that are essential for the normal function of striated muscle and many other tissues. Recent genetic studies have implicated the components of this complex in over a dozen forms of muscular dystrophy. Furthermore, disruption of the DGC has been implicated in many forms of acquired disease. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the processing and assembly of dystrophin-associated proteins with a focus primarily on the dystroglycan heterodimer and the sarcoglycan complex. These proteins form the transmembrane portion of the DGC and undergo a complex multi-step processing with proteolytic cleavage, differential assembly, and both N- and O-glycosylation. The enzymes responsible for this processing and a model describing the sequence and subcellular localization of these events are discussed.
Sedimentation of a random dilute suspension

Recently Batchelor has calculated the average sedimentation speed of a random dilute suspension. A description of that work is presented here, along with a computation of the variance in the speed. It is shown that under Batchelor's assumptions and in the appropriate continuum limit, the variance is infinite.
Dentin dysplasia type I: Radiologic and genetic perspectives in a six-generation family

This is a report of a kindred of at least 181 members, of whom 35 exhibit or are reported to have dentin dysplasia type I. Six others are suspected of having the condition. Radiographic evidence that included obliterated or semilunar pulp chambers and short or undeveloped roots confirmed the diagnosis in 18 persons. The autosomal dominant mode of inheritance has been confirmed. One hundred percent penetrance has been demonstrated. There were insufficient data to determine the degree of expressivity.
Conversion of a Golgi apparatus sialyltransferase to a secretory protein by replacement of the NH2-terminal signal anchor with a signal peptide

The beta-galactoside alpha 2,6 sialyltransferase, an integral membrane protein localized to the trans-region of the Golgi apparatus, has been converted into a catalytically active secreted protein by the replacement of the NH2-terminal signal-anchor domain with the cleavable signal peptide of human gamma-interferon. Pulse-chase analysis of the wild type and recombinant proteins expressed in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells showed that the wild type sialyltransferase (47 kDa) remained cell-associated. In contrast, the signal peptide-sialyltransferase fusion protein yielded an enzymatically active 41-kDa polypeptide which was secreted with a half-time of 2-3 h, consistent with cleavage of the signal peptide. The data indicate that the catalytic domain does not contain sufficient information for retention in the Golgi apparatus and that retention signals are likely to be found in the NH2-terminal 57 amino acids of the wild type enzyme.
Time-of-flight scattering and recoiling spectrometry (TOF-SARS) analysis of Pt{110} : I. Quantitative structural study of the clean (1 × 2) surface

Abstract The technique of time-of-flight scattering and recoiling spectrometry (TOF-SARS) is used for quantitative structural characterization of the reconstructed (1 × 2) missing-row Pt{110} clean surface. The results are presented as scans of scattered intensity versus incident angle at two scattering angles and are interpreted in terms of simple classical concepts (shadowing, blocking, focusing). Measured critical incident and exit angles corresponding to interatomic spacings unaffected by reconstruction are used to calibrate the screening constant of the interaction potential employed in the trajectory simulations. Analysis of the surface reconstruction is performed by combining experimental data and calibrated computations. The results indicate a contraction of the first-to-second interlayer spacing (−0.22 ± 0.07 A, i.e., −16 ± 5%), a buckling of amplitude 0.19 ± 0.13 A in the third layer and, possibly, a row-pairing in the second layer. These observations are in agreement with LEED, MEIS, GXRD, and RHEED experiments.
GRADIENT METHODS FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF DYNAMIC* SYSTEM PARAMETERS BY HYBRID COMPUTATION

Computer implementation of gradient method in continuous and discrete optimization of dynamic system
Is There a Role for Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Background. DCIS treated by mastectomy ensures high local control rates. There is limited data on risk for relapse and lack of clear indication for adjuvant radiation therapy (RT). We report a retrospective review on a population of DCIS patients treated with mastectomy. The objective was to identify the overall incidence of relapse, risk factors for local recurrence, and accordingly for whom adjuvant postmastectomy RT may be considered. Methods. This is an IRB-approved retrospective study on a prospective breast cancer database. From 1997 to 2007, we identified 969 patients with diagnoses of DCIS, among them 211 breasts in 207 patients were treated with mastectomy and comprise the study group. Results. With a median followup of 55 months (4.6 years) the 10-year relapse-free survival is 97%. Two of 211 breasts (0.9%) treated with mastectomy developed a local-regional recurrence. Both the relapses were among patients defined as having <1 mm final mastectomy margin. Conclusions. The rare local relapse after mastectomy limits our ability to reliably identify risk factors for relapse. The consideration for postmastectomy RT should be based on an individualized risk evaluating surgical technique used, presence of BRCA mutation, grade and extent of tumor, and proximity of lesion to the margin of resection.
Reduction of metal ions by boranephosphonate DNA

Oligodeoxyribonucleotides bearing boranephosphonate linkages (bpDNA) were shown to reduce a number of metal ions and form nanoparticles through a novel reaction pathway that leads to phosphate diesters or phosphate triesters in water or alcohols respectively. The synthetic utility of this reaction was further demonstrated through the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing phosphate triester linkages. This new reactivity also makes bpDNA promising for use in construction of DNA templated metallic nanostructures.
THE RELATION OF HEMATIN TO PATHOLOGICAL PIGMENT FORMATION

1. It has been shown that powdered hematin is exceedingly resistant to the metabolic action of tissue cells, and wherever injected it will remain for weeks with but slight and slowly progressing alteration. 2. The changes produced in hematin by tissue cells are identical with those changes resulting from the oxidation of hematin by hydrogen peroxid, forming a series of bodies of decreasing color intensity, which manifest an iron reaction in inverse proportion to their color. 3. These hemosideroid pigments are distinguished from true hemosiderin by the type of their iron reaction, by their solubility in dilute alkalies, and by their destructive oxidation by hydrogen peroxid. 4. Crystalline hematin injected into the tissues is subject to the same changes as powdered hematin. 3. Whereas powdered parahemosiderin is converted into hemosiderin by the tissue cells with comparative ease, powdered hematin shows no such conversion within forty-seven days, and as the only demonstrable change produced in hematin by the tissue cells does not result in the formation of either hemosiderin or hematoidin, the assumption that hematin is the progenitor of these pigments seems unwarranted.
Planning community information utilities

Other members of the panel have discussed the various services which a Community Information Utility (CIU) might provide as well as the various hardware, software, and communication facilities which it might employ. The CIU's actual configuration and mix of services will be determined by a number of inter-related factors stemming from areas such as sociology, psychology, computer science, economics, political science, communications, and electrical engineering. Nevertheless, a study of the economic considerations which underlie the CIU concept can indicate the more likely paths for development.
Offset-Gate Structures for Increased Breakdown Voltages in Silicon-On-Insulator Transistors

An offset-gate structure was used to fabricate p-channel MOS transistors in laser-recrystallized silicon-on-insulator (SOI) films. The breakdown voltage increased from about -18 V with a conventional gate structure to about -38 V with the offset gate and was then limited by bulk breakdown in the film, rather than by the high fields near the gate drain overlap region. Simulations indicate that breakdown voltages of about -60 V can be achieved in the structure used, provided that the back-surface fixed-charge density is limited to 1×10″ cm−2.
Characterization of cytochrome P4501A induction in medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) by samples generated from the extraction and processing of coal

The objective of this study was to characterize cytochrome P4501A induction in medaka liver as a biomarker for detecting polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-type compounds in samples of processed coal or petroleum. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in individual medaka livers was used to assess induction of P4501A following the addition of various samples to aquaria water. Samples included a known P4501A inducer, β-naphthoflavone, and various processed coal samples, as well as a petroleum-pitch. The sensitivity of detecting significant EROD induction by adding samples to aquaria water was ∼0.1 mg/L for most samples; however, a coal-tar pitch significantly increased EROD activity at 0.01 mg/L. Different samples induced EROD activity to different extents. All samples elicited a concentration-dependent increase in EROD activity, with maximum EROD induction 2 days after a single administration of xenobiotics to aquaria water. Western blot studies established that induction of EROD activity by all xenobiotics tested was associated with corresponding increased amounts of immunoreactive P4501A. EROD induction was not influenced by gender, by single or multiple xenobiotic exposures, nor by feeding or fasting animals during the course of xenobiotic exposure. The ability of xenobiotics to induce EROD activity in medaka liver did not always correlate with their genotoxic potential determined by bacterial mutagenesis assays. Induction of P4501A in medaka liver appears to provide a convenient, economical, reliable and sensitive indicator for the presence of PAH-type compounds in coal- or petroleum-derived samples.
CO2 fixation in halobacteria

Seven strains of extremely halophilic bacteria (Halobacterium spp., Halococcus spp., and Haloarcula sp.) fixed CO2 under light and dark conditions. Light enhanced CO2 fixation in Halobacterium halobium but inhibited it in Halobacterium volcanii and Haloarcula strain GN-1. Propionate stimulated 14CO2 incorporation in some strains, but inhibited it in others. Semi-starvation in basal salts plus glycerol induced enhanced CO2 fixation rates. 14CO2 fixation in semi-starved cells was stimulated by NH 4 + or pyruvate and inhibited by succinate and acetate in most strains. No possible reductant was found. In cell-free extracts of H. halobium, NH 4 + but not propionate stimulated 14CO2 fixation. No RuBP carboxylase activity was detected. The main 14C-labeled α-keto acid detected after a 2-min incubation with 14CO2 and pyruvate was pyruvate. Little or no α-ketobutyrate was detected among the early products of propionate-stimulated CO2 fixation. Glycine was the major amino acid synthesized during a 2-min incubation with NH 4 + , propionate, and 14CO2. Propionate-stimulated CO2 fixation was sensitive to trimethoprim and insensitive to avidin. A novel pathway for non-reductive CO2 fixation involving a glycine synthase reaction with CO2, NH 4 + , and a methyl carbon derived from the β-carbon cleavage of propionate is tentatively proposed.
Collective Serials Analysis: The Relevance of a Journal in Supporting Teaching and Research

The cooperative efforts of the technical service librarian, the business subject librarian, and the business school faculty to gather data in order to rank journals by usage, faculty citations, and faculty perceived worth are examined in this article. Specifically, the authors focus on the following: the process and time invested in the collection of both electronic and hard-copy usage statics' of the journals for each fund in the University of Mississippi's collection; presentation of the access database created by the business librarian to collect and analyze the business school's faculty's citations over the last five years; the matrix developed to analyze the input of the business-school faculty's recommendations for journal cuts to ensure key research and academic support journals were protected; and a comparison between the ordered list and the faculty's recommendations for cuts.
Correlation of human decidual and cord blood mononuclear cell cytokine production.

Abstract Human decidua has been shown to produce a number of cytokines. We hypothesized that decidual cytokine production influences cord blood mononuclear cell (CBMC) cytokine production and that cytokine profiles of decidua from allergic women differ from those of decidua from nonallergic women. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we measured unstimulated and concanavalin A/phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated production of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 and interferon- γ (IFN-γ) by decidual explants from 59 healthy women delivered by unlabored cesarean section and from corresponding CBMCs in 39 of the 59. Except for IL-10, there was little or no unstimulated cytokine production. There was a strong correlation between stimulated decidual and stimulated CBMC IFN-γ production ( p = 0.01). In allergic women the ratio of IL-13 to IL-4 production was increased in stimulated explants ( p = 0.03). Stimulated CBMCs from infants of allergic mothers were more likely to produce detectable levels of IL-5 than those from infants of nonallergic mothers ( p = 0.04) and had a tendency toward higher IL-13 levels as well ( p = 0.07). These results suggest that maternal and fetal IFN-γ production is closely linked and that maternal allergy appears to influence cytokine production in the neonate for IL-5 and possibly IL-13. Human Immunology 65, 1336-1343 (2004).
Moving or staying for the best part of life: theory and evidence for the role of subsistence in migration and well-being of Arctic Inupiat residents

Abstract Although subsistence harvesting plays an important role in cultural identity and struggles for political autonomy among indigenous peoples of the Arctic, its role in local economies remains unclear. One view sees subsistence as the employer of last resort for people unable to find paying jobs, while another sees it as a productive activity contributing to the quality of life in rural Arctic communities. Migration provides a mechanism for determining which of these views has more empirical support, based on the theory that people consider moving to improve expected well-being. Data from the Survey of Living Conditions in the Arctic can be used to assess the extent that subsistence opportunities and wage-earning opportunities comparatively affect willingness to move from the community. The results provide insight into the value Arctic Inupiat residents place on subsistence opportunities, and the potential sensitivity of migration to changes in subsistence resource availability.
733 REDUCTION OF SERUM IONIZED CALCIUM (iC) AND ELEVATION OF SERUM PHOSPHORUS IN COW MILK FORMULA FED INFANTS COMPARED TO BREAST FED INFANTS IN THE FIRST SIX MONTHS OF LIFE

Cow milk may result in neonatal hypocalcemic tetany in term infants at one wk of age. Current US cow milk formulas are modified to have lower P contents and should minimize adverse effects on Ca metabolism. However these formulas still contain more P (33-40 mg/dl) vs breast milk (13 mg/dl) and there are no studies on iCa and P in formula vs breast fed infants in the first 6 mos of age. We hypothesized that the higher intake of P in formula vs breast fed infants results in greater serum P but lower iCa. In a 24 factorial design cross-sectional study controlled for sex, race, season and diet, we evaluated serum Ca, iCa and P by diet (formula vs breast) in 119 normal, term infants <6 mo of age. No differences in serum Ca, iCa or P by season, race or sex were found. Total serum Ca did not differ between breast- and bottle-fed with means (±sem) of 9.75 (0.09) and 9.73 (0.06) mg/dl. However, iCa (Radiometer electrode, N adults 4.8-5.2 mg/dl, CV 1.1-2.6%) was lower in bottle- (5.27±0.02 mg/dl) vs breast-fed infants (5.38±0.03) (p=0.005). Serum P was higher (6.98±0.08) for bottle- vs 6.44 (±0.10) in breast-fed (p<0.001). There were no correlations of C-terminal or intact PTH by radioimmunoassay with iCa or P. Thus, serum iCa is lower and P is higher in formula- vs breast-fed infants. We speculate that the lower Ca:P ratio in cow milk formula (1.3:1) compared to that of breast milk (2:1) may be responsible for these observed differences.
Study of the serum lipids in the celiac syndrome.

Summary 1. Ten children with the celiac syndrome were seen in the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Minnesota Hospitals from September, 1940, to August, 1942. Six of these patients died, in four of whom cystic fibrosis of the pancreas was demonstrated at autopsy. In the fifth and sixth patients autopsy was not performed, but the clinical symptoms and the laboratory findings suggested the same condition for at least one of them. Of the four children still living, one is considered to have a cystic fibrosis of the pancreas because of the abnormal response to the injection of secretin as well as the clinical nature and laboratory findings and family history. The other three living children with symptoms typical of the celiac syndrome left the hospital considerably improved. These patients are still under observation and the cause of their disturbance is still obscure. 2. In the eight patients in whom the serum lipids were studied, the values for the various fractions of the serum lipids (total fatty acids, acetone-soluble fatty acids, acetone-insoluble fatty acids, total cholesterol, cholesterol esters, and free cholesterol) were within the normal range of variability, except in one patient who had a low value for total cholesterol. 3. The iodine numbers of the fatty acids of all fractions of the lipid in these eight patients were abnormally low. 4. In five instances no increase in the serum lipids occurred following the ingestion of a fatty meal; in one patient there was a slight increase; in two the increase was normal. It happened that the latter two were considered unlikely to have a cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. 5. On two occasions no better absorption of fat was observed when the fatty meal consisted of a fat (corn oil) of a high degree of unsaturation. 6. The low degree of unsaturation of the serum fatty acids in the patients with celiac syndrome seems to be best explained on the basis of a deficient fat absorption. From these studies it is suggested that the human organism is unable to synthesize the more highly unsaturated fatty acids. 7. It appears that in patients with the celiac syndrome, the determination of the iodine numbers of the serum fatty acids might offer a means of ascertaining their ability to absorb fats. Since the steatorrhea, ordinarily present in patients with this condition is often lacking when the patient has been maintained on the usual relatively low fat diet, this might offer a relatively simple but helpful procedure in confirming the diagnosis and in evaluating clinical improvement in these patients. 8. The deficient fat absorption in the celiac syndrome seems to be difficult to explain with the present knowledge of the physiology of fat metabolism.
Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Economic Considerations

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is one of the most common medical procedures performed for treatment of coronary artery disease. Antiplatelet medications as adjunctive therapy for PCI are used routinely, with indications for specific agents or their combinations varying depending on the clinical scenario. While the cost effectiveness of well-established agents has been extensively studied, newer drugs have not been evaluated as thoroughly. In addition, the clinical application of some antiplatelet drugs has recently changed, thus making older studies of cost effectiveness less applicable to the current landscape of clinical practice. This article reviews cost-effectiveness considerations of antiplatelet therapies in the treatment of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing PCI. Aspirin, P2Y12 inhibitors including clopidogrel and the newer agents prasugrel and ticagrelor, as well as glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors, are discussed. Overall, the use of dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor in patients undergoing PCI improves ischaemic outcomes and appears to be cost effective. The few available studies suggest that the recently approved medications prasugrel and ticagrelor are cost-effective alternatives to clopidogrel. However, no direct comparison between these two newer agents is available. The indications for GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors have changed in the current PCI era, and there is a paucity of cost-effectiveness data for their use in contemporary care.
Integrated Experimental, Atomistic, and Microstructurally Based Finite Element Investigation of the Dynamic Compressive Behavior of 2139 Aluminum

The objective of this study was to identify the microstructural mechanisms related to the high strength and ductile behavior of 2139-Al, and how dynamic conditions would affect the overall behavior of this alloy. Three interrelated approaches, which span a spectrum of spatial and temporal scales, were used: (i) The mechanical response was obtained using the split Hopkinson pressure bar, for strain-rates ranging from 1.0×10^(−3) s to 1.0×10^4 s^(−1). (ii) First principles density functional theory calculations were undertaken to characterize the structure of the interface and to better understand the role played by Ag in promoting the formation of the Ω phase for several Ω-Al interface structures. (iii) A specialized microstructurally based finite element analysis and a dislocation-density based multiple-slip formulation that accounts for an explicit crystallographic and morphological representation of Ω and Θ' precipitates and their rational orientation relations were conducted. The predictions from the microstructural finite element model indicated that the precipitates continue to harden and also act as physical barriers that impede the matrix from forming large connected zones of intense plastic strain. As the microstructural FE predictions indicated, and consistent with the experimental observations, the combined effects of Θ' and Ω, acting on different crystallographic orientations, enhance the strength and ductility, and reduce the susceptibility of 2139-Al to shear strain localization due to dynamic compressive loads.
Completeness using pairs of filters

Abstract This paper considers three kinds of completeness: D-completeness, strong D-completeness, and pair completeness. Although these three concepts can be defined for arbitrary quasi-uniform spaces, their relationships are particularly important in the class of uniformly regular quasi-uniform spaces, a class of spaces which includes all quiet spaces. We show that in a uniformly regular space D-completeness implies pair completeness; and, although pair completeness does not imply D-completeness even in the class of quiet spaces, we show that every equinormal regular pair complete space is D-complete. As the terminology suggests, every strongly D-complete space is D-complete. We show that a uniformly regular space is strongly D-complete if and only if it is D-complete and point symmetric. D-completeness and strong D-completeness also coincide in the class of locally symmetric spaces, but we give an example to show that D-completeness and pair completeness do not coincide in this class. It follows from our results that the three concepts of completeness agree in a uniform space or in any equinormal uniformly regular space.
Setting Goals for Organizational and Individual Achievement: An Overview.

Presentation d'une technique destinee a faciliter l'organisation du personnel ou la gestion de ses propres objectifs dans un contexte professionnel de bibliotheque, en etablissant des objectifs a atteindre
Neurovascular manifestations of heritable connective tissue disorders. A review.

Heritable disorders of connective tissue are recognized in a small minority of patients with neurovascular diseases. In this report, we review the neurovascular manifestations of four heritable connective tissue disorders: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan's syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, and pseudoxanthoma elasticum, as well as two other systemic disorders with potential vascular manifestations: neurofibromatosis and polycystic kidney disease.Typical neurovascular complications of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are carotid-cavernous fistulae, intracranial aneurysms, and cervical artery dissections. Arterial dissections and intracranial aneurysms cause the majority of neurovascular symptoms in Marfan's syndrome. Neurovascular disease is uncommon in osteogenesis imperfecta, although carotid-cavernous fistulae and vertebral artery dissections have been reported. Neurovascular disease in pseudoxanthoma elasticum is characterized by intracranial aneurysms and cerebral ischemia caused by premature arterial occlusive ...
An induction motor model for high-frequency torsional vibration analysis

Abstract High-frequency torsional oscillations of a 50 horsepower (hp) induction motor are investigated up to approximately 30 kHz. It is experimentally determined that torsional oscillations, due to the switching harmonics of the motor drive, contribute significantly to the torsional oscillation of the output shaft. Two torsional vibration models are developed. One model assumes the rotor to be rigid, while the other has a compliant rotor. The compliant model allows for greater transmission of high-frequency oscillations, and a better prediction of the measured output shaft vibration.
Inhibition of Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation by Carnosine and Histidine

Carnosine is a β-alanylhistidine dipeptide found in skeletal muscle and nervous tissue that has been reported to possess antioxidant activity. Carnosine is a potential dietary antioxidant because it is absorbed into plasma intact. This research investigated the ability of carnosine to inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in comparison to its constituent amino acid, histidine. Carnosine (3 μM) inhibited Cu2+-promoted LDL (20 μg of protein/mL) oxidation at carnosine/copper ratios as low as 1:1, as determined by loss of tryptophan fluorescence and formation of conjugated dienes. Carnosine (6 μM) lost its ability to inhibit conjugated diene formation and tryptophan oxidation after 2 and 4 h of incubation, respectively, of LDL with 3 μM Cu2+. Compared to controls, histidine (3 μM) inhibited tryptophan oxidation and conjugated diene formation 36 and 58%, respectively, compared to 21 and 0% for carnosine (3 μM) after 3 h of oxidation. Histidine was more effective at inhibiting copper-promoted f...