cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Response of Male Blue Catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, and Male Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, to Female Channel Catfish Given Pheromonal Steroids or Prostaglandin

The effects of the putative hormonal pheromones 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3-one (17,20β-P), 17,20β-P-20-glucosiduronate, and prostaglandin F-2α (PGF-2α) injected into female channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, were investigated to determine whether male channel catfish and blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, could be attracted to the injected females. Females were distributed into traps placed in ponds containing either male channel catfish or blue catfish. Traps were checked six times in a 96-h period. Males were 17.9 times more likely to be captured with a PGF-2α-injected female than with an ethanol-only injected female, or a 17,20β-P-injected female, and 3.5 times more likely to be captured with a PGF-2α-injected female than with a 17,20β-P-glucosiduronate-injected female. Males were 6.0 times more likely to be caught between 48 and 96 h post-injection than between 12 and 24 h post-injection. These results suggest that the overall best pheromone to attract blue catfish and channel catfish males is PGF-2α at 48–96 h post-injection.
The Fate of a Single Oral Dose of Carbaryl (1-Naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) in the Chicken

Abstract ECTOPARASITES on poultry can be controlled by treating the litter with carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) or by direct application to birds (Harrison, 1961; Agriculture Handbook No. 331). The systemic activity of carbaryl for control of ectoparasites has been reported (Kraemer and Furman, 1959; Furman and Pieper, 1962; Harrison, 1960; Kirkwood, 1966). The acute and subacute toxicity of carbaryl in chicks has been studied (Sherman and Ross, 1961). Johnson et al. (1963) reported that there was very little or no residue in tissues and no residue in eggs from hens which were dusted with carbaryl. Furman and Pieper (1962), McCay and Arthur (1962), and Nir et al. (1966) observed little or no accumulation of residue in tissues when hens were given carbaryl orally. However, in each of the aforementioned residue studies, colorimetric procedures were used to detect carbaryl and/or its metabolites. The material measured by the colorimetric methods used was 1-naphthol, the…
A Rapid Medical Screening Process Improves Emergency Department Patient Flow During Surge Associated With Novel H1N1 Influenza Virus

Study objective We compare emergency department (ED) patient flow during the fall 2009 novel H1N1-associated surge in patient volumes at an urban, tertiary care, pediatric medical center to that in the previous winter virus season. Methods A rapid medical screening process was instituted to manage the surge in patient census. The process included the use of a new, separate clinical area converted from office space adjacent to the ED, the introduction of a new preprinted checklist for rapid documentation of medical history and physical examination of patients with influenza-like illness, the use of classroom-style parent discharge education, and the use of preprinted discharge prescription and instructions. We compared patient flow parameters, including waiting time, length of stay, and elopement rates, and returns within 48 hours and 7 days for a comparable period in winter 2008 to 2009. Results During the first 30 days of the novel H1N1-associated surge in patient volumes (October 12 to November 10, 2009), overall ED daily volumes increased by a mean of 113 (51.8%) compared with baseline (daily increase range 49 to 118 patients). Of the 10,013 patients treated during this period, 4,287 (42.8%) had complaints consistent with influenza-like illness and 1,767 (17.6%) were treated with the rapid screening process. The mean wait time decreased from 92.9 to 81.2 minutes (difference 11.7 minutes; 95% confidence interval [CI] 10.2 to 13.2 minutes). Overall mean ED length of stay decreased from 241 to 212.3 minutes (difference 28.7 minutes; 95% CI 25.8 to 31.6 minutes). Rates of elopement were unchanged, and elopement rates as a function of daily patient volumes showed improved responsiveness to high volumes. Rates of return were unchanged within 48 hours (3.0% in 2009 versus 2.9% in 2008; odds ratio 1.03 [0.91 to 1.18]) and within 7 days (6.2% in 2009 versus 5.7% in 2008; odds ratio 1.09 [0.99 to 1.20]). The use of the rapid screening process required a mean of 23.5 (95% CI 16.4 to 30.6) additional hours per day of physician staffing and a mean of 26.3 (95% CI 18.5 to 34.1) additional hours of nursing staffing. Conclusion The implementation of a rapid screening process during the fall 2009 H1N1-associated surge in patient volumes was associated with improved patient flow without affecting rates of return to the ED within 48 hours or 7 days. This was accomplished with only a modest increase in staffing.
Chromosome studies in wild populations of D. melanogaster

Chromosome studies of wild D. melanogaster populations from Missouri, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas uncovered 58 inversions. Six were common and cosmopolitan; 52 were new, rare and generally endemic. In one of two Missouri populations tested, structurally heterozygous females carried significantly more sperm at capture than did the homozygotes. In both populations comparisons of wild sperms with the females carrying them indicated significant positive assortative mating and an excess production of homozygotes among the F1 progeny. Wild females structurally heterozygous in up to three major autosomal arms showed no associated nondisjunctional egg lethality; those heterozygous in all four arms produced from 0% to 24% dead eggs, suggesting the presence of intrapopulational gene modifiers of meiosis. Texas populations supported on windfall citrus fruit showed a slight but significant difference in inversion frequencies between flies breeding on oranges and those breeding on grapefruit. Within these populations inversions were not distributed at random among individuals; rather there was an observed excess of individuals carrying intermediate numbers, and a deficiency of those carrying very few or very many inversions. While there was no significant linkage disequilibrium associated with this central tendency, there was a significant interchromosomal interaction: flies carrying inversions in chromosome 2 tended not to carry them in chromosome 3, and vice versa.
How Does Streaming Lecture Video Affect Economic Education

Abstract: This study examines how lessons produced with an electronic whiteboard, video recorded, and delivered by Internet streaming, affect student satisfaction in undergraduate economics. Survey results show students enjoy the non-classroom experience of streaming and watching lecture videos. However, because video recording confines the instructor to the teaching podium, their classroom experience is diminished when there is less physical and social interaction. The trade off is quantified by estimating student’s willingness-to-pay for streaming video, and instructor movement away from the podium, respectively. Model estimates indicate that students are willing to pay about $70 to $115 per course for streaming video. However, over half of this value is eroded by confining the instructor to the podium. August 17, 2005 Key words : electronic whiteboard, lecture video, teaching methods, willingness-to-pay JEL Classification : A2, A22, C93 Preliminary draft: do not cite without permission.
JAK2 is associated with the c-kit proto-oncogene product and is phosphorylated in response to stem cell factor

Stem cell factor (SCF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that interacts with the receptor tyrosine kinase, c-kit. We have found that SCF- stimulates rapid and transient tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 in human and murine cell lines, as well as in normal human progenitor cells. JAK2 and c-kit were associated in unstimulated cells with further recruitment of JAK2 to the c-kit receptor complex after SCF stimulation. Treatment of cells with JAK2 antisense oligonucleotides resulted in a 46% decrease in SCF-induced proliferation. These data demonstrate that SCF induces tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 and suggest that JAK2 is a component of the SCF signal transduction pathway.
Ethanol abrogates angiotensin II-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell growth.

BACKGROUND Aberrant vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is one of the etiological factors for hypertension and stroke. Angiotensin II (Ang II) and ethanol (EtOH) have been shown to modulate the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) individually, but the combined effects of Ang II and EtOH on VSMC proliferative activities are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of EtOH, Ang II, and the combination of Ang II and EtOH on DNA synthesis, cell number, cyclic AMP (cAMP) production, and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) or (p44/42) activities in murine primary VSMCs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cell growth was determined by [3H] thymidine incorporation and confirmed by cell counts using a hemacytometer. Cyclic AMP assays were carried out using commercially available kits. MAPK activity was determined by immunoprecipitation studies using an ELK-1 fusion protein as a substrate. RESULTS Ang II (10 microM) stimulated DNA synthesis by four-fold (P < 0.05), cAMP production by 50% (P < 0.05), and MAPK (p44/42) activities by more than seven-fold (P < 0.01). In contrast, EtOH (100 mM) had no significant effects on DNA synthesis, cell number, and cAMP production. Ethanol exacerbated cAMP production by several fold but inhibited MAPK activity and subsequent cell growth induced by Ang II. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that EtOH elicits a regulatory effect on the Ang II signaling pathway.
A new species of Neurospora from Wisconsin lowland soil

In the course of an investigation of the soil microfungi in certain Wisconsin floodplain forest communities, an interesting pyrenomycetous fungus was encountered which appears not to have been previously described. A single isolate of the organism, WSF 5000, was obtained following steaming (Warcup, 1951) of a sample of soil taken from a cottonwood grove at Spring Green, Wisconsin. The soil sample was collected on November 18, 1961 and processed the following day. The fungus in question developed perithecia containing cylindrical asci with eight, dark, ovoid, single-celled sculptured spores. The form and structure of the fructifications, together with the character of the ascospores, suggested that the fungus isolated was a species of Neurospora. Subsequent study showed, however, that no conidia are produced by this fungus on any of several media employed. It was also revealed that WSF 5000 differs from Neurospora species previously described in having typically oval ascospores with a single germ pore at each end, and that it is homothallic whereas all previously-known Neurospora species with 8-spored asci are heterothallic. Shear and Dodge (1927), in erecting the genus Neurospora, specified in their diagnosis a Monilia imperfect stage as a feature of the taxon. Since no such stage could be found in the pyrenomycete isolated from Spring Green soil, it was apparent that either a new genus would have to be proposed to receive the entity represented by WSF 5000 or the description for Neurospora would need to be modified so as to accomodate it. Because WSF 5000 is so similar to the described species of Neurospora in a large number of significant features, the writers believe that the latter procedure is more appropriate and accordingly suggest that the generic description for Neurospora as set forth by Shear and Dodge be emended to include forms lacking a Monilia imperfect stage. The following new species is assigned to a position in the genus thus remodeled:
Studies of the drop-weight method for surfactant solutions

Abstract To provide information about the state of the surface of a drop during a drop-weight experiment, the adsorption of surfactants at the surface of a growing drop has been analyzed. Both diffusion and kinetic controlled adsorption is considered, and surface concentration as a function of time is calculated for various rates of drop growth. Results are presented in terms of the time required for the surface concentration to reach 95% of the equilibrium value.
Electronic transport properties of SrTiO 3 and its alloys: Sr 1 − x La x TiO 3 and SrTi 1 − x M x O 3 ( M = Nb , Ta )

Wide band-gap oxide strontium titanate $({\text{SrTiO}}_{3})$ is highly recognized as potential thermoelectric material for its large Seebeck coefficient. Recently, several experimental studies emerged on how to improve the thermoelectric transport properties of ${\text{SrTiO}}_{3}$ by doping with La and Nb. To aid this effort, a better understanding of the effect of doping on electronic structure and transport properties is essential. In this paper, the electronic transport properties of ${\text{SrTiO}}_{3}$, ${\text{Sr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{La}}_{x}{\text{TiO}}_{3}$, and ${\text{SrTi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{M}_{x}{\text{O}}_{3}$ $(M=\text{Nb},\text{Ta})$ are determined by detailed first-principles electronic band structure and Boltzmann transport calculations. Furthermore, the effect of uniaxial and simple shear deformations on the transport properties of pure strontium titanate is also investigated. For the treatment of the substitutional alloys, on-site Coulomb interaction added versions of electronic exchange and correlation functionals are preferred to obtain an accurate electronic band structure. Calculated Seebeck coefficient and its variation as a function of temperature for the alloy systems are compared with available experimental results; an excellent agreement is observed. Additionally, the electronic relaxation time and electronic contribution to thermal conductivity are predicted by fitting the calculated electrical conductivity to the experimental electrical conductivity. A significant increase in electronic thermal conductivity is observed for high carrier concentrations. Overall, the necessity of excessive carrier concentrations that can only be achieved by highly doped structures is verified.
The influence of gelatin upon the viscosity of the blood

Solutions of gelatin (1000: 50) were introduced intravenously after the normal viscosity of the blood had been determined. It was found that the injections resulted in a very prompt increase in the viscosity. The following data may serve as examples:
Esophageal Atresia/Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) are congenital abnormalities that occur in approximately 1 in 4,000 births. These abnormalities are related to defective orientation of the tracheoesophageal septum as the trachea forms from the caudal foregut during the 6th week of gestation. There are five basic variants. EA with normal tracheal development is designated as type A. Unlike the other types, it is due to a defect in recanalization of the esophagus in the 8th week of gestation, and it occurs in 80 % of cases. Type B is EA with proximal TEF, occurring in 1 % of cases. The most common variant (85 %) is type C, consisting of EA with distal TEF. The TEF is typically located near the level of the carina. EA with both distal and proximal TEF, type D, occurs in 2 % of cases. Finally, type E consists of TEF with no EA. The defect is usually located high on the trachea and occurs in 4 % of cases. It is also known as H-type TEF.
Evaluation on Energy-saving and Emission Reduction of Pneumatic Induced Draft Fan of 600MW Coal-fired Units

In the large coal-fired units transformation,the driving mode of induced draft fan of feed pump steam turbine is applied to 600 MW coal-fired units.The effect of energy-saving and emission reduction is evaluated.The calculation and analysis results show that the driving mode,compared to electric driving mode,can reduce auxiliary power consumption,coal consumption for power supply,improve benefit of power plant and reduce pollutant emissions.The application of this mode in subcritical units is more significant in energy-saving and emission reduction.
An Improved Method for Measurement of Complex Permittivity Using Six-port Reflectometer

An improved method for measurement of complex permittivity using six-port reflectometer is presented.Error caused by incomplete superposition between the measured plane and reference plane,which is often in the case of conventional measuring method,is eliminated with the developed novel algorithm by separating the two planes.The simple and accurate numerical solution of the transcendental equation is given.The relationship between multivalued spacing of relative permittivity,measuring frequency and length of the sample has been gained.Some experimental results have validated the efficiency and practicability of the proposed method.
Clinical efficacy of pneumatic reductor assisted with traction and rehabilitation training treatment of stable thoracolumbar compression fracture

Objective To explore curative efficiency and efficacy on stable thoracolumbar compression fracture's treatment by pneumatic redactor assisted with traction and rehabilitation training.Methods All 210 cases were divided into observation group and control group,105 cases in per group.Patients in control group were treated by drug pillow,and patients in observation group were treated by pneumatic redactor assisted with traction and rehabilitation training.Curative efficiency and efficacy were compared.Results The cure rate of observation group and control group was 93.33% and 81.90%.There was statistical difference on clinical indicators of reset immediately and 3 months later after reset comparing with before reset(P 0.05).There was statistical difference on anterior vertebral compression rate,Cobb angle,intraspinal occupying ratio on reset immediately between two groups(P 0.05 or P 0.01).Conclusion It has better clinical efficacy and efficiency of treating stable thoracolumbar compression fracture by pneumatic redactor assisted with traction and rehabilitation training.
Cloud Standards as Roadmaps for Migration

Cloud standards can be roadmaps to migration. Even when they do not give prescriptive formulas for what to do, their presence helps to map the territory for future innovation. This column summarizes recent activity by formal cloud standards developing organizations and by community-based groups such as the Cloud Standards Customer Council, the Open Data Center Alliance, and the Cloud Security Alliance to help to advise the community on settled topics and areas that need future work.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma: An Unusually Immunogenic Cancer Proves Ripe for Immune Therapy

The article by Banks et al summarizes the current understanding of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) immunobiology and treatment strategies. MCC is a rare but often lethal skin cancer that is associated with several risk factors, including immune suppression, advanced age (age. 50 years), and extensive prior sun exposure.Within the past year, multiple independent sequencing studies have revealed that MCC can be caused either by the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) or by heavy UV exposure. In most cases of MCC (approximately 80%), MCPyV is clonally integrated in MCC tumor cells and viral oncoproteins drive oncogenesis. The remaining approximately 20% of cases are not associated with MCPyV and seem to be mediated by UV damage, as wholeexome sequencing has revealed that these tumors harbor dramatically high mutational burdens with a distinct UV damage signature. In Australia, with its heavyUV exposure and predominantly white population, this ratio is inverted: the majority of MCC tumors (approximately 75%) are UV induced and MCPyV negative.
Numerical simulations of onset and growth of Rayleigh-Taylor instability involving solids in converging geometry

Abstract Numerical simulation of Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities involving solids has been carried out in a spherically converging geometry. A solid shell is driven toward the center by high-pressure gas outside. Low-pressure gas inside the shell is then compressed, causing the solid shell to slow down and eventually bounce back. Simulation results show the absence of the onset condition unlike in the planar geometry equivalent. Results also show that disturbance growth seems to be strongly associated with the deformation direction instead of the acceleration direction. For example, when the interface is compressed in the cross-stream direction, the disturbance at the gas–solid interface grows even under the Rayleigh–Taylor stable situation.
Atypical Fractures Following Bisphosphonate Therapy.

Bisphosphonates have been widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis with well-documented long-term efficacy and safety, particularly in postmenopausal patients. But over the past decade, low-energy atypical subtrochanteric and proximal diaphyseal femoral fractures have emerged as an unexpected complication of prolonged bisphosphonate use. To the radiologist unfamiliar with this entity, the findings may be subtle and often missed, potentially evolving from an early incomplete fracture to a displaced complete fracture with a delay in diagnosis. In such instances where the radiographic findings are negative or equivocal and patients present with prodromal symptoms of aching or dull groin or thigh pain, additional work-up with advanced imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, or bone scintigraphy, may prove diagnostic owing to their multiplanar capabilities and earlier detection of subtle periosteal changes. It is imperative that radiologists develop a search pattern to help identify such fractures and consider imaging evaluation of the contralateral extremity in suspected cases with prodromal symptoms to assess for an incomplete asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic fracture.
Outcomes after liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy in Barrett's esophagus–associated high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal adenocarcinoma: 5-year follow-up

Background and Aims Liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy (LNSCT) has been shown to be a safe, well-tolerated, and effective therapy for Barrett's esophagus (BE)–associated high-grade dysplasia (BE-HGD) and intramucosal adenocarcinoma (IMC). Long-term follow-up is lacking. Aims The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy, durability, and rate of neoplastic progression after LNSCT in BE-HGD/IMC at 3 and 5 years. Methods In this single-center, retrospective study drawn from a prospective database, patients with BE-HGD/IMC of any length treated with LNSCT were followed with surveillance endoscopy with biopsy for 3 to 5 years. Patients with IMC completely removed by endoscopic resection were included. Outcome measures included complete eradication of HGD (CE-HGD), dysplasia, and intestinal metaplasia; incidence rates; durability of response; location of recurrent intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia; and rate of disease progression. Results A total of 50 and 40 patients were included in 3-year and 5-year analyses. Initial CE-HGD, dysplasia, and intestinal metaplasia achieved in 98%, 90%, and 60%, respectively. Overall CE-HGD, dysplasia, and intestinal metaplasia at 3 years were 96% (48/50), 94% (47/50), and 82% (41/50), and at 5 years were 93% (37/40), 88% (35/40), and 75% (30/40). Incidence rates of recurrent intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and HGD/esophageal adenocarcinoma per person-year of follow-up after initial complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia (CE-IM) were 12.2%, 4.0%, and 1.4% per person-year for the 5-year cohort. Most recurrences were found immediately below the neosquamocolumnar junction. Two of 7 HGD recurrences occurred later than 4 years after initial eradication, and 2 patients (4%) progressed to adenocarcinoma despite treatment. Conclusions In patients with BE-HGD/IMC, LNSCT is effective in eliminating dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia. Progression to adenocarcinoma was uncommon, and recurrence of dysplasia was successfully treated in most cases. Long-term surveillance is necessary to detect late recurrence of dysplasia.
Functional visual sensitivity to ultraviolet wavelengths in the Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus), and its influence on foraging substrate selection.

Abstract Most diurnal birds are presumed visually sensitive to near ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, however, controlled behavioral studies investigating UV sensitivity remain few. Although woodpeckers are important as primary cavity excavators and nuisance animals, published work on their visual systems is limited. We developed a novel foraging-based behavioral assay designed to test UV sensitivity in the Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus). We acclimated 21 wild-caught woodpeckers to foraging for frozen mealworms within 1.2 m sections of peeled cedar (Thuja spp.) poles. We then tested the functional significance of UV cues by placing frozen mealworms behind UV-reflective covers, UV-absorptive covers, or decayed red pine substrates within the same 1.2 m poles in independent experiments. Behavioral responses were greater toward both UV-reflective and UV-absorptive substrates in three experiments. Study subjects therefore reliably differentiated and attended to two distinct UV conditions of a foraging substrate. Cue-naive subjects showed a preference for UV-absorptive substrates, suggesting that woodpeckers may be pre-disposed to foraging from such substrates. Behavioral responses were greater toward decayed pine substrates (UV-reflective) than sound pine substrates suggesting that decayed pine can be a useful foraging cue. The finding that cue-naive subjects selected UV-absorbing foraging substrates has implications for ecological interactions of woodpeckers with fungi. Woodpeckers transport fungal spores, and communication methods analogous to those of plant-pollinator mutualisms (i.e. UV-absorbing patterns) may have evolved to support woodpecker-fungus mutualisms.
Clinical practice patterns of Radium-223 (R223) utilization and variables associated with completion of therapy.

e16076 Background: R223, an alpha-emitting radioisotope, has emerged as a viable treatment option for patients with CRPC with bone metastases. Despite the benefits on quality of life and improvemen...
New prospective 4D-CT for mitigating the effects of irregular respiratory motion

Artifact caused by irregular respiration is a major source of error in 4D-CT imaging. We propose a new prospective 4D-CT to mitigate this source of error without new hardware, software or off-line data-processing on the GE CT scanner. We utilize the cine CT scan in the design of the new prospective 4D-CT. The cine CT scan at each position can be stopped by the operator when an irregular respiration occurs, and resumed when the respiration becomes regular. This process can be repeated at one or multiple scan positions. After the scan, a retrospective reconstruction is initiated on the CT console to reconstruct only the images corresponding to the regular respiratory cycles. The end result is a 4D-CT free of irregular respiration. To prove feasibility, we conducted a phantom and six patient studies. The artifacts associated with the irregular respiratory cycles could be removed from both the phantom and patient studies. A new prospective 4D-CT scanning and processing technique to mitigate the impact of irregular respiration in 4D-CT has been demonstrated. This technique can save radiation dose because the repeat scans are only at the scan positions where an irregular respiration occurs. Current practice is to repeat the scans at all positions. There is no cost to apply this technique because it is applicable on the GE CT scanner without new hardware, software or off-line data-processing.
Recovery of ammonium from aqueous solutions using ZSM-5

Abstract. The demand of reactive nitrogen (N), such as ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−), continues to increase for fertilizer applications as the population grows, but the Haber Bosch (H B) process currently employed for industrial N fixation is challenged by low efficiency and high energy consumption. Here we report on the investigation of ZSM-5 as a superior sorbent for the recovery of ammonium from aqueous solutions. Fast capture and release of ammonium (NH4+) have been achieved with >90% overall efficiency of recovery using synthetic solutions of NH4Cl and NaCl, respectively. The ZSM-5 sorbent has also been found to be recyclable and sustain high recovery efficiencies after multiple capture-release cycles. The capture of N has been further studied systematically in dependence of the dose of sorbent and reaction temperature, based on which the mechanism, thermodynamics and kinetics of ion exchange are discussed. Compared to other ion-exchange materials, the ZSM-5 sorbent exhibits superior selectivity for capturing ammonium in the presence of competing cations (NH4+ » Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ > Na+) and demonstrates high efficiency of ammonium recovery from real wastewater streams.
Power and commensurate priors for synthesizing aggregate and individual patient level data in network meta-analysis

In network meta‐analysis, it is often desirable to synthesize different types of studies, featuring aggregated data and individual patient level data. However, existing methods do not sufficiently consider the quality of studies across different types of data and assume that the treatment effects are exchangeable across all studies regardless of these types. We propose Bayesian hierarchical network meta‐analysis models that allow us to borrow information adaptively across aggregated data and individual patient level data studies by using power and commensurate priors. The power parameter in the power priors and spike‐and‐slab hyperprior in the commensurate priors govern the level of borrowing information among study types. We incorporate covariate‐by‐treatment interactions to deliver personalized decision making and model any ecological fallacy. The methods are validated and compared via extensive simulation studies and then applied to an example in diabetes treatment comparing 28 oral antidiabetic drugs. We compare results across model and hyperprior specifications. Finally, we close with a discussion of our findings, limitations and future research.
Simultaneous Multiparameter Cellular Energy Metabolism Profiling of Small Populations of Cells.

Functional and genomic heterogeneity of individual cells are central players in a broad spectrum of normal and disease states. Our knowledge about the role of cellular heterogeneity in tissue and organism function remains limited due to analytical challenges one encounters when performing single cell studies in the context of cell-cell interactions. Information based on bulk samples represents ensemble averages over populations of cells, while data generated from isolated single cells do not account for intercellular interactions. We describe a new technology and demonstrate two important advantages over existing technologies: first, it enables multiparameter energy metabolism profiling of small cell populations (<100 cells)—a sample size that is at least an order of magnitude smaller than other, commercially available technologies; second, it can perform simultaneous real-time measurements of oxygen consumption rate (OCR), extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)—a capability not offered by any other commercially available technology. Our results revealed substantial diversity in response kinetics of the three analytes in dysplastic human epithelial esophageal cells and suggest the existence of varying cellular energy metabolism profiles and their kinetics among small populations of cells. The technology represents a powerful analytical tool for multiparameter studies of cellular function.
Building Equations using M&M's.

To begin, the teacher and each student are given one bag of M&M’s. The1.69-ounce, or 47.9 gram, bag works well. A more economical plan is to purchase a large bag of M&M’s and distribute some candy to each individual. The instructor starts the activity by counting the number of each color of his or her M&M’s. The teacher’s results are written on the chalkboard for everyone to see (see fig. 1). Then students are instructed to count their candies but to keep their numbers secret.
SIMS Study of Surface Contamination Due to Ion Implantation

Silicon surface contamination due to ion implantation was found by using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). Silicon wafers were prepared by keeping their surface condition as identical as possible. Only minimal, necessary different process steps were received by the samples. All experimental data were analyzed on a comparative basis. Effect of incident ion mass on sputtering phenomena of the target material is discussed.
The Prevalence of 5α-Reductase Deficiency in Children with Ambiguous Genitalia in the Dominican Republic

AbstractDuring a 10-year period 65 children and adolescents with ambiguous genitalia from the Dominican Republic, not known through kindred studies of 5α-reductase deficiency, were evaluated. Plasma androgen determinations were performed before and/or after Leydig cell stimulation of the testes with human chorionic gonadotropin. Of the children there were 24 female pseudohermaphrodites, 21 of whom had 21-hydroxylase deficiency, 1 true hermaphrodite and 40 (62 per cent) male pseudohermaphrodites. One child had a human chorionic gonadotropin response suggestive of 17-20 desmolase deficiency, and on further evaluation he also had partial deficiencies of the enzymes 21-hydroxylase and 17α-hydroxylase. Five subjects had a female phenotype and subnormal androgen responses to human chorionic gonadotropin. In 5 of 33 male pseudohermaphrodites with a normal testosterone response to human chorionic gonadotropin 5α-reductase deficiency was suspected by elevated plasma testosterone/dihydrotestosterone ratios before a...
Explaining the Immigrant Paradox: The Influence of Acculturation, Enculturation, and Acculturative Stress on Problematic Alcohol Consumption

The present study explored the Immigrant Paradox (IP), generational differences in problematic alcohol use (alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences), among immigrants and US born group...
STEP: Efficient Carbon Capture and Solar Thermal Electrochemical Production of ammonia, fuels, cement, carbon nanotubes, metals and bleach

STEP (Solar Thermal Electrochemical Production) is an alternative solar energy conversion process. New and original, unpublished STEP results are compared with other STEP results. The STEP process uses semiconductors, solar energy and electrochemistry to generate a wide range of useful chemicals, rather than electricity, as the product. Using both subgap (to generate heat) and super bandgap (to generate electrons) insolation, STEP is more efficient than either photovoltaic or photoelectochemical solar energy conversion. STEP theory is derived and experimentally verified for the electrosynthesis of energetic molecules at high solar energy efficiency. In STEP the efficient formation of metals, fuels, chlorine, and carbon capture is driven by solar thermal heated electrolyses occuring at voltage below that of the room temperature energy stored in the products. As one example, CO2 is reduced to either fuels, or storable carbon, at solar efficiency over 50% due to a synergy of efficient solar thermal absorption and electrochemical conversion at high temperature and reactant concentration. CO2 is efficiently transformed to carbon nanotubes (C2CNT) with or without solar energy. New results on CO2-free STEP ammonia, iron and cement production are delineated. Water is efficiently split to H2 by molten electrolysis. A pathway is provided for the STEP decrease of atmospheric CO2 levels to pre-industial levels in 10 years.
In-Hospital Complications following Arthrotomy versus Arthroscopy for Septic Knee Arthritis: A Cohort-Matched Comparison.

There is a paucity of literature comparing the relative merits of open arthrotomy versus arthroscopy for the surgical treatment of septic knee arthritis. The primary goal of this study is to compare the risk of perioperative complications between these two surgical techniques. To this end, 560 patients treated for septic arthritis of the native knee with arthroscopy were statistically matched 1:1 with 560 patients treated with open arthrotomy. The outcome measures included major complications, minor complications, mortality, inpatient hospital charges, and length of stay (LOS). Major complications were defined as myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, stroke, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, postoperative shock, unplanned ventilation, deep surgical site infection, wound dehiscence, infected postoperative seroma, hospital acquired urinary tract infection, and retained surgical item. Minor complications included phlebitis and thrombophlebitis, postprocedural emphysema, minor surgical site infection, peripheral nerve complication, and intraoperative hemorrhage. Mortality data were extracted from the database using the Uniform Bill patient disposition. Complications were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models, whereas mean costs and LOS were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis H-test. Major complications occurred in 3.8% of the patients in the arthroscopy cohort and 5.4% of the patients in the arthrotomy cohort (p = 0.20). Too few patients in our sample died to report based on National (Nationwide) Impatient Sample (NIS) minimum reporting standards. Rates of minor complications were similar for the arthroscopy and arthrotomy cohorts (12.5 vs. 13.9%; p = 0.48). Multivariate analysis did not reveal any greater risk of minor or major complication between the two procedures. Inpatient hospital cost was similar for arthroscopy ( = $15,917; standard deviation [SD] = 14,424) and arthrotomy ( = $16,020; SD = 18,665; p = 0.42). LOS was also similar for both arthrotomy (6.78 days, SD = 6.75) and arthroscopy (6.24 days, SD = 5.95; p = 0.23). Patients undergoing arthroscopic treatment of septic arthritis of the knee showed no difference in relative risk of perioperative complications, LOS, or hospital cost compared with patients who underwent open arthrotomy.
Investigating Implicit and Explicit Word Learning in School-age Children Using a Combined Behavioral-Event Related Potential (ERP) Approach.

ABSTRACTOne challenge in word learning research is how to operationalize learning. We combined behavioral measures with EEG to examine implicit and explicit recognition of words previously introduc...
Occupational Pesticide Use and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Agricultural Health Study.

Background: Agricultural work and occupational pesticide use have been associated with increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most common form of kidney cancer. However, few prospective ...
Characterization and Compatibility of High Oxygen Permeable Ophthalmic Biomaterial Containing Silane with Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles

This research is conducted to analyze the compatibility of used monomers and produce the high functional hydrogel ophthalmic polymer containing silane and nanoparticles. Vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) and cobalt oxide nanoparticles are used as additives for the basic combination of silicone monomer (Sil-H) and methyl methacrylate (MMA). And also, the materials are copolymerized with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linking agent, photo polymerization initiator (2H2M) as the initiator. It is judged that the lenses of all combinations are optically excellent and thus have good compatibility. Measurement of the optical and physical characteristics of the manufactured hydrophilic ophthalmic polymer are different in each case. Especially VTMS with cobalt oxide nanoparticle increases the oxygen permeability by the addition of cobalt nanoparticles. These materials are considered to make synergy effect each other, so it can be used in functional hydrogel ophthalmic lenses.
Shift Work Sleep Disorder and Night Shift Work Significantly Impair Erectile Function.

Abstract Objectives Here we examine the association between shift work sleep disorder (SWSD) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in shift workers. Methods Men presenting to a single andrology clinic between January 2014 and July 2017 completed validated questionnaires: International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the nonvalidated SWSD Questionnaire. Men were also asked about shift work schedule, comorbidities, phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor use, and testosterone use. Serum total testosterone values were determined for each visit. Linear regression was performed controlling for testosterone use, testosterone levels, PDE5 inhibitor use, age, and comorbidities to determine the effect of SWSD on ED as assessed using the IIEF. Results Of the 754 men completing questionnaires, 204 reported nonstandard shift work (begins before 7 am or after 6 pm , regularly extends out of that frame, or rotates frequently) and 48 were found to have SWSD using a screening questionnaire. Nonstandard shift work alone did not result in worse IIEF-EF scores (P = .31), but those who worked nonstandard shifts and had SWSD demonstrated IIEF-EF scores 2.8 points lower than men without SWSD (P Conclusion Men with SWSD have worse erectile function, with men who work night shifts having even poorer erectile function. These findings suggest that circadian rhythm disturbance may significantly impact erectile function. While testosterone therapy may partly reverse the effects of SWSD, shift work is a potential risk factor for ED and should be assessed for as part of the evaluation of men with ED. Rodriguez KM, Kohn TP, Kohn JR, et al. Shift Work Sleep Disorder and Night Shift Work Significantly Impair Erectile Function. J Sex Med 2020;17:1687–1693.
Glad Tidings? Personal Witnessing, Religiosity, and Mental Health among U.S. Adults:

A growing body of research has documented connections between religious involvement and mental health. However, religion is complex and multidimensional. Religious witnessing, the interpersonal sha...
A 3D MAP AIDED DEEP LEARNING BASED INDOOR LOCALIZATION SYSTEM FOR SMART DEVICES

Abstract. Indoor positioning technologies represent a fast developing field of research due to the rapidly increasing need for indoor location-based services (ILBS); in particular, for applications using personal smart devices. Recently, progress in indoor mapping, including 3D modeling and semantic labeling started to offer benefits to indoor positioning algorithms; mainly, in terms of accuracy. This work presents a method for efficient and robust indoor localization, allowing to support applications in large-scale environments. To achieve high performance, the proposed concept integrates two main indoor localization techniques: Wi-Fi fingerprinting and deep learning-based visual localization using 3D map. The robustness and efficiency of technique is demonstrated with real-world experiences.
Adjust your own oxygen mask before helping those around you: an autoethnography of participatory research

There is a need to unpack the empirical, practical, and personal challenges within participatory approaches advocated to optimize implementation. The unpredictable, chaotic nature of participatory approaches complicates application of implementation theories, methods, and strategies which do not address researchers’ situatedness within participatory processes. As an implementation scientist, addressing one’s own situatedness through critical reflection is important to unearth how conscious and unconscious approaches, including ontological and epistemological underpinnings, influence the participatory context, process, and outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this exploratory work is to investigate the heretofore blind spot toward the lived experience of implementation researchers within the participatory process. We developed an integrated research-practice partnership (IRPP) to inform the implementation of a gestational weight gain (GWG) control program. Within this IRPP, one investigator conducted a 12-month autoethnography. Data collection and triangulation included field notes, cultural artifacts, and systematic timeline tracking. Data analysis included ethnographic-theoretical dialogue and restorying to synthesize key events and epiphanies into a narrative. Analysis revealed the unpredicted evolution of the GWG program into a maternal health fair and three themes within the researchers’ lived experience: (1) permeable work boundaries, (2) individual and collective blind spots toward the ontological and epistemological underpinnings of implementation paradigms, and (3) maladaptive behaviors seemingly reinforced by the research culture. These themes contributed to the chaos of implementation and to researchers’ experience of inadequate recovery from cognitive, emotional, and practical demands. These themes also demonstrated the importance of contextual factors, subjectivity, and value-based judgments within implementation research. Building on extant qualitative research guidelines, we suggest that researchers anchor their approach to implementation in reflexivity, intentionally and iteratively reflecting on their own situatedness. Through this autoethnography, we have elucidated several strategies based on critical reflection including examining philosophical underpinnings of research, adopting restorative practices that align with one’s values, and embracing personal presence as a foundation of scientific productivity. Within the predominant (post-) positivism paradigms, autoethnography may be criticized as unscientifically subjective or self-indulgent. However, this work demonstrates that autoethnography is a vehicle for third-person observation and first-person critical reflection that is transformative in understanding and optimizing implementation contexts, processes, and outcomes.
Effects of surface area and porosity on behavior of IL molecules in meso and macroporous polymeric networks

Abstract In this work, ionogels fabricated by incorporating room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) in meso- and macroporous syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) gels, are studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), rheology, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. sPS gel network is prepared via thermo-reversible gelation in tetrahydrofuran and the pores are subsequently filled with the ionic liquid, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (PYR14TFSI). Using DSC and POM it is found that PYR14TFSI molecules in sPS gels show higher melting temperatures than that for the neat PYR14TFSI. 1H static NMR signals provide overall mobility of ILs in the sPS gels. Surprisingly, the ionogel prepared with 0.04 g/mL sPS solution apparently shows the broadest 1H NMR signals among the gels prepared with 0.04, 0.08, and 0.12 g/mL sPS concentration. This is attributed to a quasi-bulk state of ILs. Moreover, two-dimensional 1H NOESY spectra indicate that PYR14TFSI molecules in sPS show strong non-bonded through-space correlation peaks and their intensities increase proportionally with polymer concentration in the gel, while such correlation peaks are not observed for the neat PYR14TFSI molecules. The observed concentration dependence of constrained PYR14TFSI dynamics is interpreted in terms of the confined PYR14TFSI at the surface or closer to the surface of sPS scaffold. From these experimental results, it is suggested that PYR14TFSI melting-temperature are more related to quasi-bulk component than the constrained PYR14TFSI in the sPS gels.