cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energy expenditure responses to exercise training in older women.

Previous studies have shown inconsistent findings regarding how structured exercise affects energy expenditure (EE). This study was designed to determine the changes in EE and physical activity following exercise training in older women. Nonobese (body mass index = 25.8 ± 3.4 kg·m−2) women (60–75 years, n = 72) completed a 4-month supervised aerobic exercise training of lower- or higher-dose (33.6 and 58.8 kJ·kg−1 body weight weekly, respectively) at 50–55% of heart rate reserve. Total daily EE (TDEE) by the doubly labeled water method, resting metabolic rate (RMR) via indirect calorimetry, and physical activity by accelerometer were determined before and at the end of exercise training. Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) was calculated. Following exercise training, the changes in components of TDEE and total physical activity did not differ by group. In the entire sample, TDEE, RMR, NEAT and total physical activity did not change (P > 0.05 for all). However, a significant baseline physical activity × time interaction was found for several of the variables. Data were therefore stratified into tertiles of baseline physical activity. In the high tertile, TDEE remained unchanged, but total physical activity decreased (P = 0.012). In contrast, in the middle and low tertiles, NEAT remained unchanged, and total physical activity increased (P < 0.05 for both). In conclusion, aerobic exercise training did not change TDEE, RMR, NEAT, or total physical activity in this sample of older women. Exercise dose did not, but baseline physical activity levels might, influence EE responses and total physical activity changes.
Differences in clinical outcomes and cost between complex and simple arterial switches.

Background This study evaluates the morbidity, mortality, and cost differences between patients who underwent either a simple or a complex arterial switch operation. Methods A retrospective study of patients undergoing an arterial switch operation at a single institution was performed. Simple cases were defined as patients with d-transposition of the great arteries with usual coronary anatomy or circumflex artery originating from the right with either intact ventricular septum or ventricular septal defect. Complex cases included all other forms of coronary anatomy, aortic coarctation or arch hypoplasia, and Taussig-Bing anomalies. Costs were acquired using an institutional activity-based accounting system. Results A total of 98 patients were identified, 68 patients in the simple group and 30 in the complex group. The mortality rate was 2% for the simple and 7% for the complex group, p=0.23. Major morbidities including cardiac arrest, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, a major coronary event, surgical or catheter-based re-intervention, stroke, or permanent pacemaker placement, non-cardiac surgical procedures, mediastinitis, and sepsis did not differ between the simple and complex groups (16 versus 27%, p=0.16). The complex group had increased bleeding requiring re-exploration (0 versus 10%, p=0.04). Hospital and ICU length of stay did not differ. Complex patients had higher overall hospital costs (simple $80,749 versus complex $97,387, p=0.01) and higher postoperative costs (simple $60,192 versus complex $70,132, p=0.02). The operating room and supplies accounted for the majority of the cost difference. Conclusion Complex arterial switches can be safely performed with low rates of morbidity and mortality but at an increased cost.
Granular Response to Impact: Topology of the Force Networks

The impact of an intruder on granular matter leads to the formation of mesoscopic force networks, which were seen particularly clearly in the recent experiments carried out with photoelastic particles [Clark et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 144502 (2015)]. These force networks are characterized by complex structure and evolve on fast time scales. While it is known that total photoelastic activity in the granular system is correlated with the acceleration of the intruder, it is not known how the structure of the force network evolves during impact, and if there are dominant features in the networks that can be used to describe the intruder's dynamics. Here, we use topological tools, in particular persistent homology, to describe these features. Persistent homology allows quantification of both structure and time evolution of the resulting force networks. We find that there is a clear correlation of the intruder's dynamics and some of the topological measures implemented. This finding allows us to discuss which properties of the force networks are most important when attempting to describe the intruder's dynamics. In particular, we find that the presence of loops in the force network, quantified by persistent homology, is strongly correlated to the deceleration of the intruder. In some cases, particularly for the impact on soft particles, the measures derived from the persistence analysis describe the deceleration of the intruder even better than the total photoelastic activity. We are also able to define an upper bound on the relevant time scale over which the force networks evolve.
Analyzing success rate of electricity acquisition in SPLS and its improvement scheme

Power loss rate, as a key economic and technical indicator of the operation of power system, measures the ability of electricity company management. The construction of the Synchronous Power Loss System (SPLS) has solved a series of problems such as the reading limitation of traditional meter and the monthly fluctuation of the power loss rate. This paper analyzes the electricity acquisition in the information collection system, and also analyzes the phenomena of terminal device, power supply and communication channel for the failure of data acquisition. The managed and technical suggestions are discussed to improve the success rate of real-time acquisition. Taking the local hydropower plants in Zhejiang Province as an example, through the installment of wireless signal amplifier and the transfer or additional establishment of the metering points of power plants, the capacity of acquisition technology and ability of company management have been enhanced. The average success rate of power plant electricity acquisition has increased by nearly 10 percents over the previous year, which improves the construction and the integration of SPLS significantly.
Structure of AlN on Si (111) Deposited with Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy

The surface morphology and structure of AlN deposited by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) on Si (111) at growth temperatures ranging from 825 to 1175°C was investigated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) techniques were used to study the resulting film structure. Growth at high temperatures but less than ∼1100°C, resulted in a wire texture with some degree of in-plane alignment with (0001)AlN/ /(111)Si, < 10 $$\bar 1$$ 0>AlN//< $$\bar 2$$ 11>Si, and 11 $$\bar 2$$ 0>AlN//< $$\bar 1$$ 10>Si. Deposition at temperatures greater than 1100°C results in single crystal films consisting of domains 60 nm across with an aspect ratio near unity. Growth below1100°C leads to degraded crystal quality with the grains developing random rotational misalignments around the AlN [0001] axis. Growth at lower temperatures produces islands elongated along the [11 $$\bar 2$$ 0] direction. At the growth temperature of 825°C, the aspect ratio of the islands increased to 3 and a width of 25 nm. Cross-sectional TEM reveals that these islands are faceted due to slow growth on the {1 $$\bar 1$$ 01}planes.
Abstract 14178: MCL-1 Regulates Mitochondrial Fission and Mitophagy

The anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family protein Myeloid Cell Leukemia-1 (MCL-1) is essential for maintaining cardiac homeostasis in the adult heart. We previously reported that cardiac-specific deletion of...
The changing face of adult posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder: Changes in histology between 1999 and 2013.

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) typically presents with either polymorphic or monomorphic histology. While both are the end result of immunosuppressive therapies, their origins are felt to be different with different prognoses and responsiveness to therapy, resulting in 2 different malignancies. We attempted to confirm reports suggesting that the relative frequency of these 2 histologies is shifting over time. We analyzed 3040 adult PTLD cases in the UNOS OPTN database from 1999 to 2013. Changes in PTLD cases over time were analyzed for histology, time from transplant to diagnosis, and patient EBV serostatus. We found that the relative proportion of polymorphic versus monomorphic histology has changed with an increase in the proportion of monomorphic cases with time (1999-2003, 54.9% vs. 45.1%; 2004-2008, 58.3% vs. 41.7%; 2009-2013, 69.7% vs. 30.3%; P = <.001). The change is driven by a gradual increase in the number of monomorphic PTLD with a steady number of polymorphic PTLD. The change is most strongly seen in transplant recipients who were EBV serostatus positive at the time of transplant. Potential causes are changes in immunosuppressive regimens with increased tacrolimus use (P = .009) and increased survival among transplant patients leading to later occurrence of PTLD (P = .001) that have occurred during the time frame analyzed. As organ transplantation has evolved over time, PTLD has coevolved. These changes in histology have important implications regarding the origin and clinical management of PTLD.
Genetic Approaches to Studying Adenosine‐to‐Inosine RNA Editing

Abstract Increasing proteomic diversity via the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine (A‐to‐I) in select mRNA templates appears crucial to the correct functioning of the nervous system in several model organisms, including Drosophila , Caenorabditis elegans , and mice. The genome of the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster , contains a single gene encoding the enzyme responsible for deamination, termed ADAR (for adenosine deaminase acting on RNA). The mRNAs that form the substrates for ADAR primarily function in neuronal signaling, and, correspondingly, deletion of ADAR leads to severe nervous system defects. While several ADAR enzymes are present in mice, the presence of a single ADAR in Drosophila , combined with the diverse genetic toolkit available to researchers and the wide range of ADAR target mRNAs identified to date, make Drosophila an ideal organism to study the genetic basis of A‐to‐I RNA editing. This chapter describes a variety of methods for genetically manipulating Drosophila A‐to‐I editing both in time and space, as well as techniques to study the molecular basis of ADAR–mRNA interactions. A prerequisite for experiments in this field is the ability to quantify the levels of editing in a given mRNA. Therefore, several commonly used methods for the quantification of editing levels will also be described.
AN EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE FOR QUANTIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL HYPERBARIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE OF THE RAT

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses an experimental procedure for quantification of individual hyperbaric factors affecting the physical performance of the rat. The hyperbaric environment is a complex set of physical variables, which includes hydrostatic pressure, gas density, ambient pressure, partial pressure of inspired oxygen, carbon dioxide, inert gases, and possibly interactions between these factors. Density of the breathing gases is the main factor affecting maximum voluntary ventilation at depth, which is one of the indices of respiratory capacity. In an experiment described in the chapter, impairment of ventilation in high gas density environments obtained either by increasing ambient pressure or by changing in gas composition was determined to be caused by a combination of airway resistance and inherent limitations in the ventilatory apparatus of man. The increased density of breathing mixture causes elevated respiratory efforts but reduces the capacity of oxygen uptake and, hence, the work capacity.
Subunits of the NAD(P)-Reducing Nickel-Containing Hydrogenase Do Not Act as Part of theType-1 NAD(P)H-Dehydrogenase in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Membrane bound bacterial pyridine nucleotide dehydrogenases can be divided into two classes that are commonly called type-1 (NDH-1) and type-2 (NDH-2) (for extensive reviews see [1,2]): NDH-1 is a multisubunit complex that has 14 or more subunits, depending on the organism, in systems where a functional NDH-1 has been isolated [3,4]. An operon encoding 14 subunits of NDH-1 and 6 unidentified reading frames has been identified in Paracoccus denitrificans([5] and references therein). An operon encoding 14 similar subunits in the same order has been cloned and sequenced from Escherichia coli[6]; the unidentified open reading frames are missing in this organism. NDH-1 contains 4-6 iron-sulfur clusters, translocates protons across the membrane, has a flavin mononucleotide as the prosthetic group, and is at least partially inhibited by rotenone. NDH-2 complexes consist of a single subunit, do not contain iron-sulfur clusters, do not translocate protons across the membrane, have flavin adenine dinucleotide as the prosthetic group and are inhibited by flavone rather than by rotenone.
Modeling Reciprocal Determinism in PISA

Reciprocal determinism refers to the situation where the underlying dynamic of an observed relationship is one of mutual influence. Each variable influences the other in a feedback loop. This notion is invoked in PISA to explain the relationship between students’ achievements and various aspects of their learning strategies, motivations, self-beliefs and preferences. But, in PISA, as in the literature as a whole, the reciprocal determinism of theory is seldom translated into an appropriate statistical model. Rather, in statistical analyses, the notion of mutual influence tends to be abandoned and the relationship is modeled simply as a one-way effect; in this case, the effect of a particular learning strategy on achievement. The most likely reason for this inconsistency is the widely-held belief that reciprocal determinism cannot be modeled with cross-sectional data. Longitudinal, repeated-measures data are considered necessary in order to estimate reciprocal determinism as cross-lagged effects. However, it is possible to model reciprocal effects with cross-sectional data by developing nonrecursive structural equation models in which these effects are represented as a feedback loop. This approach is not without its difficulties but, to the extent that these can be resolved, analyses in which the theoretical and statistical models are consistent become possible.
Effects of coumaphos and imidacloprid on honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) lifespan and antioxidant gene regulations in laboratory experiments.

The main objective of this study was to test comparatively the effects of two common insecticides on honey bee Apis mellifera worker’s lifespan, food consumption, mortality, and expression of antioxidant genes. Newly emerged worker bees were exposed to organophosphate insecticide coumaphos, a neonicotinoid imidacloprid, and their mixtures. Toxicity tests were conducted along with bee midgut immunohistological TUNEL analyses. RT-qPCR assessed the regulation of 10 bee antioxidant genes linked to pesticide toxicity. We tested coumaphos at 92,600 ppb concentration, in combination with 5 and 20 ppb imidacloprid. Coumaphos induced significantly higher bee mortality, which was associated with down regulation of catalase compared to coumaphos and imidacloprid (5/20 ppb) mixtures, whereas, both imidacloprid concentrations independently had no effect on bee mortality. Mixture of coumaphos and imidacloprid reduced daily bee consumption of a control food patty to 10 mg from a coumaphos intake of 14.3 mg and 18.4 and 13.7 mg for imidacloprid (5 and 20) ppb, respectively. While coumaphos and imidacloprid mixtures induced down-regulation of antioxidant genes with noticeable midgut tissue damage, imidacloprid induced intensive gene up-regulations with less midgut apoptosis.
Tracing the ethnic origins of enslaved Africans in Grenada

The southeastern Caribbean island of Grenada has been excluded from studies concerned with the demographics of the trans-atlantic slave trade and its impact on the formation of African diasporic id...
Analyzing Diguanylate Cyclase Activity In Vivo using a Heterologous Escherichia coli Host

Bacterial biofilms are notorious for their deleterious effects on human health and industrial biofouling. Key processes in biofilm formation are regulated by the second messenger signal cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP); accumulation of c-di-GMP promotes biofilm formation, while lowering c-di-GMP promotes motility. Complex networks of modular enzymes are involved in regulating c-di-GMP homeostasis. Understanding how these enzymes function in bacterial cells can help enlighten how bacteria use environmental cues to modulate c-di-GMP and cell physiology. In this article, we describe a workflow that utilizes Escherichia coli as a heterologous host to allow the researcher to identify genes encoding potential c-di-GMP-metabolizing proteins, to express the gene of interest from an inducible plasmid, and to directly detect changes in intracellular c-di-GMP using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Aedes aegypti AgBR1 antibodies modulate early Zika virus infection of mice

A recent epidemic of Zika virus in the Americas, affecting well over a million people, caused substantial mortality and morbidity, including Guillain–Barre syndrome, microcephaly and other fetal developmental defects1,2. Preventive and therapeutic measures that specifically target the virus are not readily available. The transmission of Zika virus is predominantly mosquito-borne, and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes serve as a key vector for Zika virus3. Here, to identify salivary factors that modulate mosquito-borne Zika virus infection, we focused on antigenic proteins in mice that were repeatedly bitten by mosquitoes and developed antibodies against salivary proteins. Using a yeast surface display screen, we identified five antigenic A. aegypti salivary proteins in mice. Antiserum against one of these five proteins—A. aegypti bacteria-responsive protein 1 (AgBR1)—suppressed early inflammatory responses in the skin of mice bitten by Zika-virus-infected mosquitoes. AgBR1 antiserum also partially protected mice from lethal mosquito-borne—but not needle-injected—Zika virus infection. These data suggest that AgBR1 is a target for the prevention of mosquito-transmitted Zika virus infection. A yeast surface display screen identifies five Aedes aegypti salivary proteins that are antigenic in mice repeatedly bitten by these mosquitoes. Antiserum against one of these proteins, Anopheles gambiae bacteria-responsive 1, partially protected mice against lethal mosquito-borne Zika virus infection.
Measurement of Roundness for an X-Ray Mono-Capillary Optic by Using Computed Tomography

X-ray computed tomography is a very useful tool for nondestructively imaging a cross section of a sample. By using a computed tomography beamline system of synchrotron radiation, we directly measured the radius of the inner reflection surface of a mono-capillary optic with an accuracy of 1.30 μm. The inner-surface deformation of a mono-capillary optic approximately 100 μm in diameter was first shown by combining radial profiles. The precise determination of the radius will contribute to an increase in fabrication precision for the mono-capillary optic.
Weed control efficacy and tolerance of Canaan fir to preemergence herbicides

PRE herbicides are the backbone of a successful weed management program in Christmas tree production. In a 2-yr field study, weed control efficacy and tolerance of newly transplanted Canaan fir to different PRE treatments were evaluated. Herbicide treatments consisted of two rates of each of atrazine plus mesotrione plus S-metolachlor at 561 + 150 + 1,504 and 1,122 + 300 + 3,008 g ai ha–1, flumioxazin at 214 and 429 g ai ha–1, hexazinone plus sulfometuron methyl at 289 + 27 and 480 + 46 g ai ha–1, indaziflam at 20 and 41 g ai ha–1, simazine plus oryzalin at 3,366 + 1,683 and 3,366 + 3,366 g ai ha–1, and a nontreated control. Averaged over 2 yr, all PRE treatments controlled giant foxtail, large crabgrass, and redroot pigweed at least 80% throughout the summer. Only the high rates of atrazine plus mesotrione plus S-metolachlor maintained >80% season-long control of yellow foxtail. Horseweed was controlled >85% with flumioxazin at both rates and at high rates of atrazine plus mesotrione plus S-metolachlor, hexazinone plus sulfometuron methyl, and indaziflam. The season-long PRE control of both red sorrel and wild carrot was maintained ≥80% with atrazine plus mesotrione plus S-metolachlor and hexazinone plus sulfometuron methyl regardless of application rate. By 16 wk after treatment, within-row densities of weeds evaluated in this study were reduced >75% in plots treated with atrazine plus mesotrione plus S-metolachlor at both application rates or hexazinone plus sulfometuron methyl at 480 + 46 g ai ha–1. Within-row weed densities in the nontreated control plots were 50, 32, 36, 25, 27, 31, and 19 plants m–2 for large crabgrass, giant foxtail, horseweed, redroot pigweed, red sorrel, wild carrot, and yellow foxtail, respectively. No discernible injury was observed in Canaan fir with any PRE treatment in both study years.Nomenclature: Atrazine; flumioxazin; hexazinone; indaziflam; mesotrione; oryzalin; simazine; S-metolachlor; sulfometuron methyl; giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm.; horseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.; redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus (L.); red sorrel, Rumex acetocella (L.); wild carrot, Daucus carota (L.); yellow foxtail, Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.; Canaan fir, Abies balsamea var. phanerolepis
Reversal of Epigenetic Silencing Allows Robust HIV-1 Replication in the Absence of Integrase Function

Integration of the proviral DNA intermediate into the host cell genome normally represents an essential step in the retroviral life cycle. While the reason(s) for this requirement remains unclear, it is known that unintegrated proviral DNA is epigenetically silenced. Here, we demonstrate that human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) mutants lacking a functional integrase (IN) can mount a robust, spreading infection in cells expressing the Tax transcription factor encoded by human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1). In these cells, HIV-1 forms episomal DNA circles, analogous to hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNAs (cccDNAs), that are transcriptionally active and fully capable of supporting viral replication. In the presence of Tax, induced NF-κB proteins are recruited to the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoters present on unintegrated HIV-1 DNA, and this recruitment in turn correlates with the loss of inhibitory epigenetic marks and the acquisition of activating marks on histones bound to viral DNA. Therefore, HIV-1 is capable of replication in the absence of integrase function if the epigenetic silencing of unintegrated viral DNA can be prevented or reversed.IMPORTANCE While retroviral DNA is synthesized normally after infection by integrase-deficient viruses, the resultant episomal DNA is then epigenetically silenced. Here, we show that expression of the Tax transcription factor encoded by a second human retrovirus, HTLV-1, prevents or reverses the epigenetic silencing of unintegrated HIV-1 DNA and instead induces the addition of activating epigenetic marks and the recruitment of NF-κB/Rel proteins to the HIV-1 LTR promoter. Moreover, in the presence of Tax, the HIV-1 DNA circles that form in the absence of integrase function are not only efficiently transcribed but also support a spreading, pathogenic integrase-deficient (IN-) HIV-1 infection. Thus, retroviruses have the potential to replicate without integration, as is indeed seen with HBV. Moreover, these data suggest that integrase inhibitors may be less effective in the treatment of HIV-1 infections in individuals who are also coinfected with HTLV-1.
A Qualitative Exploration of Mother-Child Relationships in Mothers with Histories of Substance Use and Street-Level Prostitution

Most women engaged in street-level prostitution have children who have been voluntarily or involuntarily removed from their custody. Currently the literature presents information summarizing intergenerational patterns of maltreatment that culminate in loss of custody, while acknowledging women and children maintain relationships despite new custodial agreements. However, few studies have explored the current state of these mother-child relationships and no studies to date have sought to identify family-level intervention targets that may promote improved mother-child relationships or individual outcomes among this vulnerable population. To address this gap in the literature, this study recruited fifteen mothers who report street-level prostitution (ages 20-53) and substance use treatment to participate in qualitative interviews exploring the histories and current states of their relationships with their children. An inductive content analysis was utilized to analyze the interview data and identify themes within participant responses. In line with prior studies, participants reported past maltreatment of their children and loss of custody. However, findings also illuminate relational strengths and barriers women experienced to maintaining and rebuilding relationships with their children following substance use treatment. This study expands our understanding of these mother-child relationships beyond characterizations of maltreatment and illuminates areas of consideration for future research as well as possible clinical implications and consideration for intervention efforts among this population.
360° domain walls: stability, magnetic field and electric current effects

The formation of 360° magnetic domain walls (360DWs) in Co and Ni80Fe20 thin film wires was demonstrated experimentally for different wire widths, by successively injecting two 180° domain walls (180DWs) into the wire. For narrow wires (≤50 nm wide for Co), edge roughness prevented the combination of the 180DWs into a 360DW, and for wide wires (200 nm for Co) the 360DW was unstable and annihilated spontaneously, but over an intermediate range of wire widths, reproducible 360DW formation occurred. The annihilation and dissociation of 360DWs was demonstrated by applying a magnetic field parallel to the wire, showing that annihilation fields were several times higher than dissociation fields in agreement with micromagnetic modeling. The annihilation of a 360DW by current pulsing was demonstrated.
Exact solution to perturbative conformal cosmology from recombination until the current era

In a previous paper (P. D. Mannheim, Phys. Rev. D 102, 123535 (2020)) we studied cosmological perturbation theory in the cosmology associated with the fourth-order derivative conformal gravity theory, and provided an exact solution to the theory in the recombination era. In this paper we present an exact solution that holds all the way from recombination until the current era.
Assessing dosing errors in legacy and low dose tip ENFit® syringes.

What is known and objective To avoid misconnections between different medical devices, a unique standardized design of connectors (ENFit® ) for enteral medical devices has been developed. It was expected that the syringes with these connectors will replace the pre-existing syringes, henceforth referred to as legacy syringes. However, the changes in the connector's design led to concerns regarding dosing errors for low volume syringes (≤2 ml). Therefore, novel low dose tip (LDT) syringes were designed to address these concerns. These LDT syringes can connect with the standardized ENFit® male connectors. Only a few studies have investigated dosing errors, and findings have largely been mixed. The objective of this report was to calculate the contributions of unavoidable dosing errors for LDT syringes, compare with legacy syringes and to suggest strategies to optimize dose accuracy for enteral applications. Methods Studies performed with a limited number of syringes to date may not reflect the actual diversity of dosing error that can occur across syringe orientations, batches, manufacturers, medications, etc. A computer-aided design software SolidWorks® was used to calculate the dosing errors in 0.5 and 1.0 ml legacy syringe connectors and were compared with dosing errors in LDT syringe connectors with the same nominal volume. Influence of orientation during delivery, spillage and flushing on dosing error was also investigated. Results and discussion For 0.5 and 1.0 ml LDT syringes, in absence of medication in the moat area, the maximum dosing error will be ±5% when delivering 100% of nominal volume, which is also equal to the dosing error in 0.5 and 1.0 ml slip tip legacy syringes. However, with medication present in moat area, and with syringe reused during flushing, the LDT dosing error can range from 1% to 18% and 28% to 35% for 1.0 and 0.5 ml syringes, respectively. The corresponding dosing error for legacy syringes would be when the same syringe is used for flushing or when syringe disengages pointing vertically up. The corresponding dosing errors for legacy syringes could range from -7 to 12% and -9% to 19% for 1.0 and 0.5 ml syringes, respectively. Dosing errors for legacy and LDT syringes increase as the nominal capacity of syringe reduces, or when the dose delivered is lower than the nominal capacity of the syringe. What is new and conclusion For LDT syringes, dosing errors can be reduced by clearing the moat area of the syringe and by using a new syringe for flushing post-delivery of medication. For legacy syringes, dosing errors can be minimized by ensuring the female connector points up during disengagement from the syringe post-medication administration, and by using a new syringe for flushing.
Pollen Feeding Reduces Predation of Northern Corn Rootworm Eggs (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica barberi) by a Soil-Dwelling Mite (Acari: Laelapidae: Stratiolaelaps scimitus).

Landscape diversification with flowering plants can benefit pollinators and natural enemies, although insect pests can also use floral resources for nutrition and chemoprotection. Corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Diabrotica spp.) are major pests of corn (Zea mays L.), and while subterranean larvae primarily feed on corn roots, adult rootworms commonly consume floral resources from other plant species. We quantified the species, density, and sex of adult corn Diabroticite rootworm beetles on wild and cultivated sunflower, corn, and squash, quantified pollen within the bodies of adult northern corn rootworms [NCR, D. barberi (Smith & Lawrence)], and investigated how consumption of sunflower and corn pollen by NCR adults impacted predation of their eggs by two soil-dwelling mites with different feeding specialization. NCR were the most common Diabroticite species on sunflower inflorescences and western corn rootworm (WCR, D. v. virgifera LeConte) were more abundant in corn and squash blossoms. Pollen feeding by NCR adults did not impact egg predation by omnivorous Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Acari: Sarcoptiformes, Acaridae), but predatory Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley) (Acari: Mesostigmata, Laelapidae) ate eggs less frequently and took longer to feed on eggs from NCR females that had fed on sunflower pollen. This research suggests pollen feeding by adult NCR can impact predation of their eggs. While increasing plant diversity can benefit natural enemies and pest control within agroecosystems, it is important to consider how floral resources alter dietary preferences of biocontrol agents.
Some Fundamental Aspects of Turbulence with Implications in Geophysical Flows

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on small scale turbulence, particularly in the vicinity of a thermo or halocline, and the simultaneous transport of temperature and salinity fluctuations; the influence of buoyancy on this transport, and also discusses the treatment of such transport near the interface, where intermittency becomes an important contribution. In addition, the chapter describes several ideas that have been developed in connection with second order modeling of completely different flows, and reviews how they might be applied to the case of stochastic salt fingering in the ocean, as an example. Several examples have been worked out, assuming that the salt fingers are long and thin, and nearly vertical, and that the correlation among the fluctuations of all variables is excellent.
Reconstruction of the Intracerebral Vasculature from MRA and a Pair of Projection Views

Clinicians cannot easily visualize 3D intracerebral vascular anatomy in adequate detail. We present methods of creating a detailed, 3D vascular map from an MRA and a pair of x-ray angiograms. The MRA provides a 3D reconstruction base. Core-based methods segment the datasets and provide 3D-2D registration. Angiographic data not included in the MRA are automatically reconstructed into 3D, using methods capable of dealing with viewplane error. We provide algorithms for automatically associating 2D curves and test our methods in phantom data.
Effects of nitrate respiration on expression of the Arc-controlled operons encoding succinate dehydrogenase and flavin-linked L-lactate dehydrogenase.

Abstract Expression of sdhCDAB (encoding succinate dehydrogenase) and lctD (encoding the flavin-linked L-lactate dehydrogenase) is elevated aerobically and repressed anaerobically in Escherichia coli. The repression is initiated by autophosphorylation of the sensor protein ArcB, followed by phosphoryl group transfer to the regulator ArcA. ArcA-P, a global transcriptional regulator, then prevents sdh and lct expression. The stimulus for ArcB is not O2 deficiency per se. In vitro experiments showed that ArcB phosphorylation is enhanced by pyruvate, D-lactate, acetate, and NADH, the concentrations of which are likely to increase with the lack of an effective exogenous electron sink. In addition to their aerobic function, the two primary dehydrogenases also have roles in anaerobic nitrate respiration. Results presented here indicate that the increase of sdh and lct expression by nitrate depended on its chemical reduction, which in turn diminished the ArcA-P pool. Unexpectedly, a mutation in the fnr gene (encoding a global regulator involved in anaerobic metabolism) also alleviated the anaerobic repressions. Mutations in arcB or arcA were epistatic over that of fnr. Moreover, since this relief was counteracted by pyruvate in the growth medium, Fnr appears to affect formation of stimuli for ArcB. It is possible that Fnr also indirectly affects some of the other members of the arcA modulon, e.g., cyoABCDE (encoding the cytochrome o complex), cydAB (encoding the cytochrome d complex), and sodA (encoding the manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase).
Learning Instance-Specific Predictive Models

This paper introduces a Bayesian algorithm for constructing predictive models from data that are optimized to predict a target variable well for a particular instance. This algorithm learns Markov blanket models, carries out Bayesian model averaging over a set of models to predict a target variable of the instance at hand, and employs an instance-specific heuristic to locate a set of suitable models to average over. We call this method the instance-specific Markov blanket (ISMB) algorithm. The ISMB algorithm was evaluated on 21 UCI data sets using five different performance measures and its performance was compared to that of several commonly used predictive algorithms, including naive Bayes, C4.5 decision tree, logistic regression, neural networks, k-Nearest Neighbor, Lazy Bayesian Rules, and AdaBoost. Over all the data sets, the ISMB algorithm performed better on average on all performance measures against all the comparison algorithms.
Analytical studies of pyrethrin formulations by gas chromatography. 3. Analytical results on insecticidally active components of pyrethrins from various world sources.

Abstract Gas chromatographic techniques were applied to studies of the insecticidally active esters of pyrethrum. Pyrethrin extracts from various world sources were compared. The greater potential importance of more definitive and precise results acquired by gas chromatography compared with results obtained by older classical procedures is illustrated and it is more evident when comparisons are made of the “tru” pyrethrin I and pyrethrin II ester fractions of the extracts. Results of this more precise nature should be of increased benefit to the pesticides formulator and to the insect toxicologist.
Molecular and Cell Biology of Adenosine Receptors

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the speciﬁc aspects of P 1 purinergic receptor molecular and cell biology, including pharmacological and structural characteristics, functional signiﬁcance, and the modulatory role that these receptors can have on signaling as a part of both homeostatic and pathophysiological processes. The purine nucleoside adenosine (ADO) is a unique signaling molecule in that it utilizes both extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways to produce widespread effects in many different cells and organ systems.ADO, by interacting with P 1 purinergic receptor subtypes, acts as a potent regulatory autocrine that “fine tunes” many physiological processes in different tissues and organ systems. Each receptor subtype is wired into a distinct and complex network of signaling pathways that allows ADO to have both stimulatory and inhibitory effects necessary for proper homeostatic control. Alterations in this regulatory relationship may be associated with many different pathological processes, including progressive neurological disorders, inflammatory disorders, defective epithelial ion transport, and cardiovascular disorders that involve arrhythmias and ischemia. A better understanding of the cell biology of P 1 purinergic receptors and signaling may provide novel therapeutic targets for these and other pathological conditions.
Effects of tetraamine crosslinking agents on the thermomechanical properties of PMR polyimide composites

The effects were investigated of partial substitution of tetraamine crosslinking agents for diamine reactants on the thermomechanical properties of PMR polyimide resins and graphite fiber-reinforced composites. The effect of tetraamine content on isothermal weight loss, glass transition, and softening temperatures of neat resin samples is discussed. Composites were fabricated using PMR methodology. Monomeric solution of various stoichiometric ratios was used to impregnate Hercules HTS graphite fiber. The mechanical property retention characteristics of the composites at 316 C (600 F) are described.
Abstract 15348: Higher Mortality in Patients with Undiagnosed Hypertension: Is the Electronic Medical Record the Key to Their Identification?

Introduction: Patients with hypertension (HTN) may remain undiagnosed as the diagnosis requires systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg on ≥ 2 different occasions. Hypothesis: We sought to evaluate outcomes of patients without diagnosed hypertension who have elevated BP meeting current thresholds for hypertension on 2 consecutive episodes. Methods: Together with retrospective billing and clinical data, electronic records of all outpatient visits in 2009 were used to identify 24,277 patients with 2 consecutive visits (2CHBP) with SBP ≥ 140mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg and were compared with a previously identified cohort of 53,998 known hypertension patients. Among the 2CHBP group, 6,071 (25%) were identified without a prior diagnosis of hypertension and were categorized as undiagnosed hypertension. They were compared with patients with known hypertension who had ≥ 1 visit in 2009. Cross-sectional analysis of cardiovascular comorbidities and proportional hazards for survival were done. Results: Of 5,978 undiagnosed HTN patients, 49% were female compared to 51% of 10,311 known HTN. In the undiagnosed HTN group, 19.5% were ≥ 80 years compared to 30.4% of known HTN patients. Cardiovascular comorbidities were generally lower in the undiagnosed HTN group compared to the known HTN group - heart failure (7% v 8%; OR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.77 - 0.99; p Conclusions: Over a quarter of patients meeting current thresholds on 2 consecutive visits did not carry a known diagnosis of hypertension. Although younger and with less cardiovascular comorbidities than those with diagnosed hypertension, mortality after 4 years was significantly higher in those with undiagnosed hypertension. Electronic records can be used to identify these high risk patients.
Conversion of [1-3H2,G-14C]geranyl pyrophosphate to cyclic monoterpenes without loss of tritium

Abstract Soluble enzyme preparations from Salvia officinalis convert the acyclic precursor [1- 3 H 2 ,G- 14 C]geranyl pyrophosphate to cyclic monoterpenes of the pinane (α-pinene,β-pinene), isocamphane (camphene), p -menthane (limonene,1,8-cineole), and bornane (bornyl pyrophosphate, determined as borneol) type without loss of tritium, and without significant conversion to other free acyclic intermediates. Similarly, [1- 3 H 2 ,G- 14 C]geraniol is converted in intact S. officinalis leaves to the cyclic monoterpene olefins and 1,8-cineole, as well as to isothujone and camphor, without loss of tritium from C(1). These results clearly eliminate transcis isomerization of geranyl pyrophosphate to neryl pyrophosphate via aldehyde intermediates prior to cyclization, and they support a scheme whereby the trans precursor is cyclized directly by way of a bound linaloyl intermediate.
Boston Keratoprosthesis in 2012: preventing complications and optimizing outcomes

Purpose To provide an update on Boston KPro indications, post-operative care and prevention and management of the complications based upon experience at the MEEI and results presented at the Eighth KPro Study Group Meeting in May 2012. Methods Clinical records were reviewed to determine outcomes of primary KPro surgery and surgery done using backplates of different materials and design. The origin of retroprosthetic membranes (RPM) from 4 explanted KPro’s was determined using immunohistochemistry and light and transmission electron microscopy. Wound anatomy in 6 KPro patients with larger 9.5 mm backplates was evaluated by anterior segment OCT and compared to wound anatomy in patients with standard 8.5 mm backplates. Results Titanium backplates reduce RPM formation. Histopathologic evaluation showed that RPM are fibrous membranes that originate from activated host stromal cells that migrate through gaps in the graft-host junction, suggesting that better wound apposition may reduce RPM formation. OCT demonstrated that larger backplates clamp the graft-host junction more effectively than standard backplates, resulting in a thinner graft-host junction and better wound apposition. Primary Boston KPro surgery provides good outcomes and device retention in situation such as limbal stem cell deficiency where traditional keratoplasty does poorly. Conclusion Indications for the Boston KPro continue to expand as complications are reduced. Primary Boston KPro may be considered in certain circumstances. Strategies for prevention of RPM include titanium backplates and complete apposition of the graft-host junction using larger KPro backplates.
THERMAL CHEMISTRY PATHWAYS OF ESTERS AND KETONES

The work described is a continuation of our studies of the thermal chemistry pathways of reactive oxygenates important in fossil fuel hydrocarbons. Esters and ketones are pyrolysis products from carboxylic acids. Ketones have been found to be important components of hydropyrolysis oils from low rank coals, fossil fuels known to contain substantial amounts of carboxylate functionality. 9 references, 1 figure, 4 tables.
Endosperm mitotic activity and endoreduplication in maize affected by defective kernel mutations

A group of 35 defective kernel (dek) mutants in maize has been studied with regard to their effect on endosperm development. Information is reported on kernel weight, kernel viability, mutant trans...
The sensitivity of salmonellae and shigellae to streptomycin.

290 Salmonella and 120 Shigella strains were examined for their susceptibility to Streptomycin using the turbidimetric method and a new procedure which utilizes an indicator system. Of the Salmonellae which frequently cause salmonella fever or septicemia, only a few strains of S. paratyphi B and S. choleraesuis showed a high resistance, while for the inhibition of numerous S. typhi and S. montevideo strains large amounts of Streptomycin were necessary. The difficulties arising in the management of salmonellosis with Streptomycin due to less sensitive strains were discussed.
The preparation of high purity Mg2Ni

The intermetallic compound Mg2Ni has been prepared by the vapour exchange/diffusion reaction of the elements sealed in a stainless steel container. The product has been characterised by powder X-ray diffractometry with Mo-Kα radiation, using step-scanning and profile refinement techniques. The hexagonal unit cell has constants a = 5.2117(4), c = 13.2538(9) A.
Seasonal Phenology of Diapause in the Flesh Fly Sarcophaga bullata

Sarcophaga bullata Parker (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) emerges during mid-May in central Illinois. The incidence of pupal diapause is &2% in June and July, 20% in August, and 99% in September. The transition between nondiapause and diapause is in phase with the seasonal change in daylength; the transition occurs at 13–14 hours of daylight. Males comprise 79% of the pupae which enter diapause in August, 45% of those in September. September pupae are capable of terminating diapause immediately upon transfer to 25°C on January 1. Outside, the cold winter months suppress development; the 1st morphological signs of development appear in early April. Field and laboratory results are compared.
Tigecycline-Induced Pancreatitis:

Purpose: The intent of this case report is to heighten the awareness of the potential for tigecycline-induced pancreatitis.Case Summary: A 55-year-old woman came to the emergency department with complaints of chest pain, and it was later found that the patient was bacteremic. Blood cultures grew Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus hominis. The patient was treated with several antibiotics, including tigecycline. Approximately 2 weeks following admission, the patient developed nausea, vomiting, fever, and loss of appetite. A gastroenterology consult revealed pancreatitis, and it was recommended that tigecycline be discontinued. Shortly after tigecycline discontinuation, the patient’s symptoms resolved and the enzymes returned to normal.Discussion: A review is presented of the available literature on mechanisms for tetracycline-induced pancreatitis based on tetracycline’s interaction with a receptor on the 30s ribosomal subunit necessary for protein synthesis.Conclusion: Because...