cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transforming a Bus Station into a Transit-Oriented Development: Improving Pedestrian, Bicycling, and Transit Connections

While most transit-oriented development (TOD) is oriented toward rail, bus stations can also serve as centers of TODs. The El Monte, California, bus station (EMBS), around which a transit village has been proposed, is examined. The village would have little impact on the surrounding community, though, without improvements in access to the EMBS. With a 1-km ring as the potential sphere of influence, theoretically no one can walk, bicycle, or ride a shuttle bus to the station, given impedances such as major street crossings and lengthy feeder shuttle headways. With construction of two pedestrian bridges and signing and lighting improvements along an adjacent bicycle path, the number of residents in the SOI would rise to potentially 40,800, with two-thirds of them within a 5-km bicycle ride of the EMBS. The proposed improvements might cost about $5 million. To connect the EMBS to a business park and Metrolink rail station located just outside the ring, an automated people mover (APM) is proposed. The APM would serve the roughly 5,000 employees of the business park, and it would facilitate transfers between the EMBS, Metrolink, and the proposed Silver Line (light rail to terminate at the Metrolink station). The APM would cost more than $30 million, but it could enhance transit use, local development, and real estate values. For areas within the ring not affected by the improvements, shuttle bus services need reorientation. The importance of pedestrian connectivity is emphasized, as are the cost-effectiveness of bicycling improvements, ideal setting for an APM, need for streamlined shuttle bus service, and importance of multiple access modes.
Cytogenetic Analysis of Festuca Species and Amphiploids between Festuca mairei and Lolium perenne

Intergeneric hybridization between Lolium and Festuca has been an interest of forage and turfgrass breeders because most agronomic and economically important traits found in Lolium and Festuca are complementary. However, low fertility of intergeneric hybrids has often been present and difficult to overcome. Synthesis of amphiploids from F 1 hybrids was proven to be an effective way in restoring fertility of these intergenic hybrids. Amphiploids were used as bridging germplasm to improve forage quality and persistence in these two genera. In this report, amphiploids (LLM 1 M 1 M 2 M 2 ) between F. mairei St. Yves. (M 1 M 1 M 2 M 2 , 2n = 4x = 28) and L. perenne L. (LL, 2n = 2r = 14) were produced from the F 1 hybrid (F. mairei × L. perenne) through the treatment of colchicine and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Cytological analyses of pollen mother cells (PMCs) indicated that the amphiploids were unstable in meiosis with chromosome configurations of 9.75 I + 15.32 II + 0.43 III + 0.10 IV at metaphase I (MI). The pollen potassium iodide (KI) stainability of the amphiploids was 21%, while the F 1 had only 0.1% pollen stainability. Interspecific hybrids were made through crosses between F. arundinacea Schreb. (6x) and F. mairei (4x). The pentaploid hybrids (PG 1 M 1 G 2 M 2 ) had mean chromosome configurations of 6.47 I + 13.40 II + 0.30 III + 0.19 IV + 0.01 V at MI, indicating a close genomic relationship between F. arundinacea Schreb. (PPG 1 G 1 G 2 G 2 ) and F. mairei (M 1 M 1 M 2 M 2 ). The amphiploids and pentaploid hybrids were proposed to be used for improving drought persistence of tall fescue with incorporation of genes from drought-tolerant F. mairei.
Longitudinally asymmetric transport of nitric oxide in the E-region

Rocket and satellite studies have demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) in the thermosphere is almost always more abundant at higher than at lower latitudes. The ultraviolet nitric oxide spectrometer (UVNO) on the Atmosphere Explorer C (AE-C) spacecraft observed longitudinal asymmetries in thermo- spheric NO with greater abundances existing in the longitudinal sector associated with the magnetic poles of both hemispheres. This asymmetry persists even in geomagnetic coordinates. In this paper, we suggest an explanation for the longitudinal asymmetry, using neutral parcel trajectories calculated from the NCAR thermospheric general circulation model (TGCM). It is evident from a study of these calculated trajectories that certain longitudes are favored for equatorward transport out of the auroral zone in the E-region. These favored longitudes are those associated with the magnetic poles, where NO is most abundant.
Liquid Chromatographic Estimation of Octanol/Water Partition Coefficients with a High Efficiency, Nonporous, Ultrasmall Particle Size Reverse Phase Stationary Phase

Abstract HPLC retention data, obtained over a range of organic modifier fractions φ in binary mobile phases, can be used to estimate a compounds octanol/water partition coefficient (log Po/w). Such a determination is facilitated by a high efficiency, low capacity column. The utility of a nonporous, ultrasmall particles size (1.5 μ), C18 stationary phase capable of such performance was assessed using aqueous mobile phases containing either acetonitrile or methanol. In general, compounds were effectively eluted from this stationary phase at lower values of φ than with more typical stationary phases, thus increasing the accuracy and speed with which log Kw, the capacity factor in a 100% aqueous mobile phase, could be determined. Values of log Kw obtained for seventeen model compounds were highly correlated with the compound's log P0/w. Comparison of retention trends in the methanol and acetonitrile mobile phases suggests differences in the retention mechanisms for both organic modifiers.
Synthesis and characterization of long chain branched isotactic polypropylene via a metallocene catalyst and T-reagent

Long chain branched isotactic polypropylenes (LCBPP) prepared via the combination of rac-Me2Si(2-Me-4-Ph-Ind)ZrCl2/MAO catalyst and a p-(3-butenyl)styrene (T-reagent) were characterized to investigate their synthesis, structure, solution properties, and melt properties. The T-reagent, in the presence of hydrogen, simultaneously served as a comonomer and chain transfer agent, resulting in a LCBPP with high molecular weight, desirable branch point density, and relatively well-defined molecular structure. Additionally, the metallocene catalyst remained highly reactive. To understand the structure−property relationships, a series of LCBPPs were prepared with similar weight-average molecular weights of about 250 000 g/mol and different branch densities ranging from 0 (linear iPP) to 3.3 branch points per 10 000 carbons. 1H NMR and SEC equipped with triple detectors revealed structural information. Melt properties were examined by small-amplitude dynamic oscillatory shear and extensional flow measurements. LCBP...
Hyperfine and quadrupole interactions at nitrogen in hemin

The hyperfine and quadrupole coupling constants at nitrogen in iron (III) porphyrin chloride have been calculated. The wave functions were obtained by means of a self-consistent charge extended Huckel method [2]. The spin Hamiltonian for the system is , where the double-primed axis refers to the principal axis system of the field-gradient tensor. In the calculation of the nitrogen hyperfine constant, three contributions were considered: 1) the Fermi contact term; 2) the exchange polarization contribution; 3) the many body contribution. The last contribution was included because of its large relative importance in atomic nitrogen. The Fermi contact contribution dominates the nitrogen hyperfine constant, and the contact term has a 15% contribution from non-local effects, indicating significant unpaired electron density between iron and nitrogen. The exchange polarization term is negative and smaller than the Fermi contact term. Correlation effects are quite small, in contrast to the atomic nitrogen case. The dipolar hyperfine terms and the principal axis system of the hyperfine interaction were also evaluated. The quadrupole coupling constant for nitrogen was calculated, as well as the corresponding principal axis system. The contribution of unpaired electrons to the field gradient at nitrogen is substantial. The results of the calculations suggest considerable delocalization of unpaired electrons, in contrast to what one assumes using a crystal field model.
Asymptotic analysis of vector ARMA identification

This paper investigates the asymptotic analysis of the subspace approach for vector ARMA process estimation. To overcome the statistical insufficiency of data, a new and straightforward LMI-based approach is proposed to obtain a positive real covariance model. Numerical results show this approach performs well even if the system poles are very close to the unit circle. Then, an explicit expression for the variance of the asymptotically normally distributed sample output covariance matrices and block-Hankel matrix are derived. From this result, together with perturbation techniques, several central limit theorems for the controllability matrix, observability matrix, and the state-space matrices of the associated covariance model are derived, as well as the norm bounds of Kalman gain and the innovations covariance matrix in the innovations model. By combining these asymptotic results, the ℋ 2 norm bound of the error system, i.e. the difference between the identified transfer function and the true one, is derived with a given confidence level.
816 NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION IN TRANSFUSION-INDUCED IRON OVERLOAD

Iron overload damages a wide variety of organ systems, and is accompanied by an increased susceptibility towards infections in some patients. The contribution of neutrophil (PMN) dysfunction to such infections has not been explored. We investigated PMN functions in seven chronically transfused children with documented iron overload (3 each with thalassemia major and sickle cell disease, and 1 with pure red cell aplasia). All patients had received monthly transfusions for over 6 years and had ferritin levels above 3000 ng/ml. A modification of Tan's technique was used to assay PMN bactericidal activity and phagocytosis towards Staphylococcus aureus 502 A. Results are reported in percent viable intracellular (IB) or extracellular (EB) bacteria after 30 or 120 minutes of incubation. PMN oxygen consumption (expressed as mM O2/109 PMNs) was measured by polarigraphy after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate. All results (x ± SE) are indicated in the table below. PMN functions of iron overloaded patients appear to be normal. The abnormal propensity toward infections of such patients does not seem to be caused by a deterioration of their PMN phagocytic or bactericidal mechanisms.
Pancreatographic abnormalities due to pancreatic cancer

The endoscopic cannulation records of two medical centers (Niigata, Japan and NEMCH, Boston, Mass.) were studied for evidence of pancreatic cancer. Of a total group of 483 pancreatic ductograms, 33 were characteristically abnormal and fell into 4 patterns: stenotic, tapering, obstructed, or unclassified. Three causes of false-positive patterns emerged: idiopathic chronic pancreatitis, surgical mobilization of the head of the pancreas, and traumatic pancreatitis. No false-negative results have been found in this brief followup period. The endoscopic method remains valid for preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, keeping in mind these sources of false-positive results.
562 FAILURE OF ASCORBIC ACID (AA) THFRAPY IN NEPHROPATHY CYSTINOSIS

Since there is no specific therapy for cystinosis and since AA decreases the free-cystine content of cystinotic fibroblasts (Science 86:1040, 1974), a randomized double-blind trial of high dose (200 mg/Kg/day) AA was undertaken. An unblinded committee monitored the data every 4 months. At entry the AA and placebo (PL) groups were comparable in all major clinical parameters. There were 52 patient years for the AA group and 50 patient years for the PL group. Of the 11 patients who died, began chronic dialysis or were transplanted, 8 had received AA. Neither treatment affected the WBC cystine content. Patients receiving AA had a greater mean rise in serum creatinine (Cr). This was especially true in patients whose initial Cr was ≥1.0 & <3.5. Although a small benificial effect of AA could not be excluded statistically, it was more likely that AA hastened the progression of renal failure. In view of this adverse risk-benefit ratio the study was terminiated.
The splicing regulator Rbfox1 (A2BP1) controls neuronal excitation in the mammalian brain

The Rbfox family of RNA binding proteins regulates alternative splicing of many important neuronal transcripts, but its role in neuronal physiology is not clear. We show here that central nervous system-specific deletion of the gene encoding Rbfox1 results in heightened susceptibility to spontaneous and kainic acid-induced seizures. Electrophysiological recording revealed a corresponding increase in neuronal excitability in the dentate gyrus of the knockout mice. Whole-transcriptome analyses identified multiple splicing changes in the Rbfox1(-/-) brain with few changes in overall transcript abundance. These splicing changes alter proteins that mediate synaptic transmission and membrane excitation. Thus, Rbfox1 directs a genetic program required in the prevention of neuronal hyperexcitation and seizures. The Rbfox1 knockout mice provide a new model to study the post-transcriptional regulation of synaptic function.
Walls around the electronic library

This paper, based on an analysis of print and electronic discussions and on experience at ‘the front lines’ in collection development and reference in an American academic health science library, questions the wisdom of permitting visions of the electronic library to drive library budgets and strategic planning. To market these visions, librarians may promise more than they can deliver, given the harsh social and economic realities predicted to intensify over the next several decades. The electrification of the delivery of traditional products and services is inadequate in itself to respond proactively to the needs for new products and services. Identification of new solutions to emerging needs would make long‐range planning efforts more effective. The effort to identify and fulfil needed new roles to librarians and libraries demands new social and organizational concepts, in addition to technical expertise. The paper concludes with a proposed agenda for action.
Trends in hardware and software usage in introductory database courses

A survey of business schools accredited by the Assembly of American Collegiate Schools of Business has provided data on the hardware and software used in introductory database courses. Survey results show that the size computer used most often in the course is the microcomputer, followed in popularity by upper-end minicomputers. Relational database management software is used in preference over hierarchical and network DBMS.
Tetrahedral complexes from N,N′ ethylenedimorpholine[1]

Abstract The ligand N,N′ ethylenedimorpholine (EDM) reacts with divalent first row transition metal halides to give complexes of the type MX2(EDM); (M = Zn, Cu, Co, Ni) (X = Cl, Br, I). Although there are four potential donor atoms in the ligand, two nitrogens and two oxygens, the ligand is bound through the two nitrogens thus behaving like a substituted ethylenediamine. The complexes, with the exception of the NiBr2, NiI2 and CoI2 constitute in isomorphous series to which a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry has been assigned, on the basis of their stoichiometry, their physical, magnetic, and spectral properties. The exclusive formation of distorted tetrahedral complexes is discussed in terms of the steric requirements of the ligand.
Jamming Mitigation Techniques Based on Message-Driven Frequency Hopping

This paper considers spectrally efficient anti-jamming system design based on message-driven frequency hopping (MDFH). As a highly efficient frequency hopping scheme, MDFH is particularly robust under strong jamming. However, disguised jamming from sources of similar power strength can cause performance losses. To overcome this drawback, in this paper, first, we propose an anti-jamming MDFH (AJ-MDFH) system. The main idea is to transmit an ID sequence along with the information stream. The ID sequence is generated through a cryptographic algorithm using the shared secret between the transmitter and the receiver. It is then exploited by the receiver for effective signal detection and extraction. It is shown that AJ-MDFH is robust under strong jamming, and can effectively reduce the performance degradation caused by disguised jamming. Second, we extend AJ-MDFH to a multicarrier scheme, named MC-AJ-MDFH, which can increase the system efficiency and jamming resistance significantly through jamming randomization and enriched frequency diversity. Moreover, by assigning different carriers to different users, MC-AJ-MDFH can readily be used as a collision-free multiple access system. Simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approaches.
Regulation of organelle acidity.

Intracellular organelles have characteristic pH ranges that are set and maintained by a balance between ion pumps, leaks, and internal ionic equilibria. Previously, a thermodynamic study by Rybak et al. (Rybak, S., F. Lanni, and R. Murphy. 1997. Biophys. J. 73:674–687) identified the key elements involved in pH regulation; however, recent experiments show that cellular compartments are not in thermodynamic equilibrium. We present here a nonequilibrium model of lumenal acidification based on the interplay of ion pumps and channels, the physical properties of the lumenal matrix, and the organelle geometry. The model successfully predicts experimentally measured steady-state and transient pH values and membrane potentials. We conclude that morphological differences among organelles are insufficient to explain the wide range of pHs present in the cell. Using sensitivity analysis, we quantified the influence of pH regulatory elements on the dynamics of acidification. We found that V-ATPase proton pump and proton leak densities are the two parameters that most strongly influence resting pH. Additionally, we modeled the pH response of the Golgi complex to varying external solutions, and our findings suggest that the membrane is permeable to more than one dominant counter ion. From this data, we determined a Golgi complex proton permeability of 8.1 × 10−6 cm/s. Furthermore, we analyzed the early-to-late transition in the endosomal pathway where Na,K-ATPases have been shown to limit acidification by an entire pH unit. Our model supports the role of the Na,K-ATPase in regulating endosomal pH by affecting the membrane potential. However, experimental data can only be reproduced by (1) positing the existence of a hypothetical voltage-gated chloride channel or (2) that newly formed vesicles have especially high potassium concentrations and small chloride conductance.
Cooperating with Smartness: Using Heterogeneous Smart Antennas in Multihop Wireless Networks

The use of smart antennas in multihop wireless networks has garnered significant attention over the last few years. Given the unique capabilities of smart antennas, and how they can improve performance in a typically constrained multihop wireless network (MWN) environment, the attention is with merit. However, not much light has been shed on MWNs that have nodes with varying antenna capabilities. While homogeneous MWNs with all nodes having the same antenna capabilities will have certain applications, we argue that MWNs with nodes having heterogeneous antenna capabilities are more likely to be the norm due to a variety of motivating factors. In the context of such heterogeneous smart antenna networks (HSANs), we investigate and motivate the need for a simple form of node cooperation called retransmit diversity. We show that while such a simple form of node cooperation cannot bring significant benefits to homogeneous omni-directional antenna networks, they can bring great gains (several folds improvement) to heterogeneous smart antenna networks. We then present several key properties pertaining to node cooperation in HSANs along with analytical reasoning. In the process, we identify a fundamental trade-off between exploiting smart antenna gain and cooperation gain, that undermines the ability of HSANs to leverage node cooperation to their maximum potential. To address this trade-off, we then present an adaptive cooperation mechanism and incorporate this mechanism through the design of a simple but efficient MAC protocol. The performance of the MAC protocol is evaluated through ns2 simulations along with a realistic physical layer channel model for smart antenna environments.
Hair transplant surgery: innovative designs.

. Two new designs for hair transplant surgery are presented. Both designs are safer and will provide a more natural appearance in some patients than standard designs. The advantages are listed for both.
On the Optimum Performance of N-ary Systems Having Two Degrees of Freedom

A digital transmission system with n possible transmitted symbols is considered. If the time between transmitted symbols is T 0 seconds and the bandwidth is W , the n possible symbols correspond to n vectors in a 2WT_{0} dimensional signal space. This paper considers the theoretical properties of a class of digital systems where the signal space is two-dimensional. Such systems are both amplitude-and phase-modulated. Approximate expressions are derived for the average probability of error for these systems as a function of the placement of the n symbol vectors in the twodimensional signal space. Optimum placements are then given which minimize this probability of error for a given average or peak power SNR constraint. It is shown that the optimum channel structure is a function of the alphabet size n , and the type of power constraint, as well as the SNR. In general the optimum system is a phase-modulated system for low SNR's and for alphabet sizes n \leq 16 in the high SNR region. The performance of this optimum system in terms of channel capacity and probability of error is then compared with the performance of one-dimensional systems, AM-only and PM-only, in a complete set of curves for both peak and average power.
Shared book reading: When and how questions affect young children's word learning.

Shared book reading, and the conversation that accompanies it, can facilitate young children's vocabulary growth. To identify the features of extratextual questions that help 3-year-olds learn unfamiliar words during shared book reading, two experiments explored the impact of cognitive demand level, placement, and an approximation to scaffolding. Asking questions about target words improved children's comprehension and production of word-referent associations, and children with larger vocabularies learned more than children with smaller vocabularies. Neither the demand level nor placement of questions differentially affected word learning. However, an approximation to scaffolding, in which adults asked low demand questions when words first appeared and high demand questions later, did facilitate children's deeper understanding of word meanings as assessed with a definition task. These results are unique in experimentally demonstrating the value for word learning of shifting from less to more challenging input over time. Discussion focuses on why a scaffolding-like procedure improves children's acquisition of elaborated word meanings
The California PATH Program of IVHS research and its approach to vehicle-highway automation

The California PATH Program was established by the Institute of Transportation Studies of the University of California at Berkeley, under the sponsorship of the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). Its mission is to conduct the research and development work needed to establish the foundation for applying advanced technologies to improve the operation of the state's transportation system. Because transportation problems produce significant local political anxiety in California, and are recognized to be serious impediments to the state's economy, the PATH Program is very much mission-oriented in its focus. The PATH focus is on producing viable technological solutions to California's transportation problems rather than on basic research. The article presents a general approach to vehicle-highway automation, then discusses mainly the lateral and longitudinal vehicle control. >
Tax Incentives for Homeownership and the Provision of Local Public Services

There is a substantial literature that assesses the distributional impact of the mortgage interest and state and local property tax deductions and the disparate incentives for buying a home across income groups, but virtually no work exists that evaluates the secondary effect on the provision of local public services. In this paper we evaluate the impact that disparate homeowner tax subsidies have on the provision of local public services, specifically, schools. Performing a path analysis, we find that a 100 percent increase in the average homeowner tax subsidy yields a ten percent increase in local public school spending per student.
Mixed-function oxidases and the alveolar macrophage.

Abstract Biphenyl 4-hydroxylase, benzpyrene hydroxylase and D-(+)-benzphetamine N -demethylase activities in subcellular fractions of the alveolar macrophage were investigated and found to be extremely low. Cytochrome P-450 was absent from the microsomal fraction but both NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and NADH-cytochrome c reductase activities were present. A b-type cytochrome, which was probably cytochrome b 5 , was detected in the microsomal fraction. Glutathione S -aryltransferase and UDP-glucuronyl transferase activities were absent from the soluble and microsomal fractions respectively. These results indicate that alveolar macrophages may not play a significant role in the detoxication of foreign compounds by the lung.
Effect of λ < 10 Å Solar X-Rays on the Ionosphere between 60 and 100 km

Computations have been made in order to evaluate the ionospheric effects caused by the observed λ < 10 A X-ray quiescent flux and flare flux. Of seventy-two solar X-ray flares having F (2–12 A) greater than 3 × 10−3 erg/cm.2 sec as recorded by the University of Iowa detector on Explorer 33, sixty-seven are found to be accompanied by reported SID's in which the electron density of the ionosphere between 60 and 100 km. undergoes a rapid increase during a few minutes. These rapid increases in electron density are presumably caused by the enhanced X-ray flux in the wavelength range 1 < λ < 10 A because softer X-rays would be completely absorbed above 100 km. and harder X-rays would penetrate below 60 km. without significant attenuation at higher altitudes. The altitudes for peak electron production range from 99 km. for 10 A X-rays down to 58 km. for 1 A X-rays. The electron-production rate equations have been solved using a quiescent X-ray energy spectrum and a mean flare X-ray energy spectrum derived from t...
Psychogenic seizures in adults: a longitudinal analysis

The clinical characteristics, psychosocial background, neuropsychological testing, clinical and social outcome were analysed in 93 adults with psychogenic seizures (PS). Thirteen (14%) were males and 80 (86%) were females. Mean age was 31.7 years (range 16 to 55 years). Lack of responsiveness associated with motor activity was the most common finding. Neuropsychological testing done in 46 cases revealed hysteroid traits and coping mechanisms and depression to be the most prevalent underlying problems. History of sexual abuse was evident in 10 (10.7%) cases. Social impact analysis revealed that of 62 patients who were working at the onset of PS, 34 were not working at the time of the diagnosis of PS. In 25 cases, PS were the reason for not working. After a mean follow-up of 60.7 months done in 63 patients, 16 (25.4%) patients were seizure-free. There were no obvious significant predictors of poor prognosis.
In-situ monitor electrochemical processes in batteries using vibrating microcantilevers

In this paper, we propose a novel in-situ technique to characterize electrochemical processes in lithium ion batteries (LIB) by monitoring the frequency shift of microcantilevers. The fabricated cantilevers coated with battery electrodes were tested in a home made liquid cell, and their mass changes associated with SEI formation and lithium insertion were monitored by a laser vibrometer. The resonant frequency of cantilevers before cycling was 18,400Hz and shifted to 16,800Hz after lithiation. The initial mass of the cantilever before cycling was measured 45.35 μg. Therefore, the lithium stored in the silicon anode during the first lithiation was estimated 7.89μg.
COMPARISON OF HARD X-RAY SELF-SEEDING WITH SASE AFTER A MONOCHROMATOR AT LCLS ∗

Self-seeding using hard x-rays was demonstrated at LCLS in January 2012 and produced a factor of 4050 bandwidth reduction from normal SASE operation. For many hard x-ray users, the photon intensity after a monochromator is an important performance parameter, whether or not the beam is seeded or SASE. In this paper, we report results from a study of self-seeding performance using the Si (111) K- monochromator with a full bandwidth of 1.2 eV at 8.2 keV. These include a direct comparison of the average intensity of the monochromatized seeded beam with that of a monochromatized fully tuned-up SASE beam, in both cases using 150 pC bunch charge.
Quality of life and psychological affect related to sport participation in children and youth athletes with physical disabilities: A parent and athlete perspective

Abstract Background Adapted sport, with its recreational, therapeutic, and competitive characteristics is increasingly serving as a forum through which to develop and maintain physical and psychological functioning, promote good health by developing a healthy lifestyle, and enhance health related quality of life (HRQoL) and life satisfaction of persons with disabilities. Objective This study examined the relationship between athlete and parent perceptions of health related quality of life (HRQoL) and the relationship between the athletes' perceived HRQoL and subjective exercise evaluations. Methods A total of 70 youth athletes with physical disabilities ( M age = 15, SD = 2.92) and a parent completed the pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL). Participants also completed the subjective exercise experience scale (SEES) prior to and immediately after a sport practice. Results Athletes with disabilities reported higher perceptions of HRQoL than their parents reported for them on physical ( t = 4.42, p = .000), emotional ( t = 2.78, p = .006) and social ( t = 3.26, p = .000) functioning subscales with moderate to high effect sizes ( d = .81, .51–1.30, respectively). Positive well-being subscale from the SEES was significantly related to overall HRQoL ( r = .49, p = .001) and was a significant predictor ( R 2 = .238, F Change = 13.42 (1, 42) p = .001) of overall HRQoL. Conclusions Since parents, specifically for younger children, primarily make decisions about program and therapeutic treatments, understanding differences in perceptions of HRQoL between parent and athlete is essential to improving athlete recruitment and structuring program interventions directed at improving HRQoL and emotional well-being of children with disabilities.
Structural Basis of TRPV2 Channel Gating Investigated with cryo-EM

TRPV2 is a member of the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family of non-selective cation channels. It is heat-sensitive, and has been implicated in mechano-sensation and regulation of cardiovascular function. To understand better the structural basis for TRPV2 function, we have expressed full-length and engineered variants of TRPV2 in budding yeast, and have purified the proteins for single-particle electron cryomicroscopy. The purified proteins are largely monodisperse when analyzed by size-exclusion chromatography, and yield robust Ca2+ flux when reconstituted into defined proteoliposomes. Preliminary structural studies by cryo-EM suggest structural differences between TRPV2 and TRPV1 that may help to explain their different gating properties.This research was funded by the Welch Foundation and a training fellowship from the Houston Area Molecular Biophysics Program, T32-GM008280, R01GM72804 and P41GM103832.
Ambient nanoelectrospray ionization with in-line microdialysis for spatially resolved transient biochemical monitoring within cell culture environments.

We have developed a new mass spectrometry (MS) based approach for continuous, spatially resolved in vitro biochemical detection and demonstrated its utility in a 3-D cell culture system. Extracellular liquid is passively extracted at a low flow rate (∼10 nL/s) through a small bore silica capillary (ID 50 μm); inline microdialysis (MD) removes ions that would interfere with mass spectrometric analysis, and the sample is ionized by nanoelectrospray ionization (nano-ESI) and mass analyzed in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The system successfully detects low-volume, low-concentration releases of a small protein (8 μL of 5 μM cytochrome-c, molecular mass ∼12 kDa) and exhibits ∼1 min temporal resolution. The system also displays sensitivity to probe proximity to the sample release point. Due to the sensitivity of ESI-MS and its ability to simultaneously detect and identify multiple unanticipated biochemicals, this approach shows considerable potential as a biomarker discovery tool.
On getting hit by traffic coming in both directions: A response to Dr Karen Devine's ‘epistemology matters’

This reply to Dr Karen Devine restates my claim, originally published in International Politics, that our epistemological assumptions do not affect our substantive (or ontological) claims about international relations (IR) as much as we commonly think. Even if we restrict ourselves purely to deconstructing the arguments others have made, and to analyzing the discourses of IR, it is very difficult in practice to be genuinely postmodernist in a way that makes a real difference to empirical research. We always end up saying that reality is the way it is, no matter how hard we try to hedge it around with disclaimers of various sorts.
On Using Functional Beamforming To Resolve Noise Sources On A Large Wind Turbine

Previously it was shown that a compact microphone array was sufficient to resolve noise sources on a wind turbine while using advanced deconvolution algorithms. It was found that deconvolution approach for the mapping of acoustic sources (DAMAS) and deconvolution through Linear Programming (LP) were efficient in locating the aerodynamic noise from the blades of the wind turbine as distributed noise sources rather than a local source. However the deconvolution algorithms represent the distributed noise sources as multiple peaks (spots) in the beamform map. To overcome this, in this paper we use a new beamforming method known as the functional beamforming (FUNBF). It is shown that the FUNBF significantly improved the dynamic range of the beamform map when compared to conventional beamforming. In order to improve the resolution of the FUNBF beamform map two methods were tested; (i) FUNBF followed by ridge detection, and (ii) FUNBF with thresholding followed by LP. Both methods showed significant improvement in resolution at a much faster computational time than the deconvolution algorithms such as DAMAS and CLEAN-SC. It is shown that FUNBF followed by ridge detection is more suitable for locating distributed noise sources (such as aerodynamic noise from blades of a wind turbine).
Medical neglect and pediatric obesity: Insights from tertiary care obesity treatment programs

ABSTRACTInterprofessional pediatric obesity treatment teams may consider filing a report for medical neglect with their state child protection agency when a child’s family is consistently non-adherent to treatment recommendations and the child is medically at risk. The multifactorial nature of the etiology and treatment of obesity makes this a challenging issue to navigate with families and child protection agencies. The aims of this article are to (a) highlight common challenges faced by teams when addressing medical neglect, and (b) offer insights on navigating the medical protection of children with obesity and associated medical conditions in a way that minimizes adverse outcomes.
Change in plasma contents of hydrogen sulfide and its significance in patients with traumatic brain injury

ObjectiveTo explore the Change in the plasma contents of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) and its significance in the patientswith traumatic brain injury(TBI).MethodsThe plasma contents of(H2S) were determined by spectrophotometry in 144 patients withTBI, of whom, 48 suffered from severe TBI, 46 moderate TBI injury and 50 mild TBI, 30 minutes after the injury and 52 healthyvolunteers serving as control group. The relationship of the plasma contents of H2S with the severity of TBI was analyzed.ResultTheplasma contents of H2S in the severe, moderate and mild TBI and control groups were(27.92±7.25)μmol/L,(36.15±4.80)μmol/L,(45.16±3.72)μmol/L and(48.79±6.28)μmol/L respectively. There were significantly differences in the plasma contents of H2S among all thegroups(P0.01).ConclusionsIt is suggested that the plasma content of H2S is negatively related to the severity of TBI and the decreasein the plasma content of H2S may be involved in the pathogenesis and development of the cerebral damage secondary to TBI.
Cytology of Cervical Precancerous Lesions

This chapter will detail the cytopathology of a spectrum of risk-modifying, precancerous, and cancerous lesions of the cervix classified based on the 2014 Bethesda System. Included are the following categories: atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), squamous cell carcinoma, atypical glandular cells-not otherwise specified (AGC-NOS), atypical glandular cells-endocervical (AGC-EC), atypical glandular cells-endometrial (AGC-EM), endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), adenocarcinoma (endocervical, endometrial, not otherwise specified), and other malignant neoplasms.
A novel method of myeloablation to enhance engraftment of adult bone marrow cells in newborn mice

This report describes the successful development of a transplantation model in which we engrafted adult murine bone marrow hematopoietic cells in congenic day-old murine pups. Newborn animals conditioned with high doses (> or = 7.0 Gy) of total-body irradiation (TBI) demonstrated severe growth retardation and untoward effects on the developing central nervous system. Newborn pups conditioned with a sublethal dose (5.0 Gy) of TBI, however, achieved normal growth and development up to 6 months posttransplantation, and donor type hematopoietic cell reconstitution exceeded 50% in these animals. A second conditioning regimen, comprising one or two doses of busulfan (15 mg/kg) administered intrapartum, resulted in significant myelosuppression in untransplanted newborn pups. This second regimen was associated, however, with engraftment and full multilineage reconstitution of the conditioned newborn recipient animals with adult bone marrow cells, and the engrafted pups grew and developed without apparent defect. A third conditioning regimen combining a single dose of busulfan with sublethal TBI also permitted engraftment and full multilineage reconstitution of the recipient animals. Thus, successful transplantation of hematopoietic cells into newborn recipient mice may be achieved without significant morbidity if a specific conditioning regimen is employed.
Noncommercial Software for Mixed-Integer Linear Programming

We present an overview of noncommercial software tools for the solution of mixed-integer linear programs (MILPs). We first review solution methodologies for MILPs and then present an overview of the available software, including detailed descriptions of eight software packages available under open-source or other noncommercial licenses. Each package is categorized as a black-box solver, a callable library, a solver framework, or some combination of these. The distinguishing features of all eight packages are described. The paper concludes with case studies that illustrate the use of two of the solver frameworks to develop custom solvers for specific problem classes and with benchmarking of the six black-box solvers.
Novel 3D coaxial flow-focusing nozzle device for the production of monodispersed collagen microspheres

We have developed a 3D coaxial flow-focusing nozzle device for the mass production of monodispersed collagen microspheres and chemically crosslinked them using EDC (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). The size of the microspheres was varied between 200 μm and 600 μm by adjusting the ratio of the flow rates of the dispersed and continuous phases. MDA231-GFP cells were attached to the surface of these particles and their viability was investigated. Because they are comprised of a natural biomaterial, these collagen microspheres will have numerous applications, including bone regeneration scaffolds for tissue engineering and analyses of cancer cell interactions in a 3D environment.
A computationally efficient method for identifying network parameter errors

A recently proposed method that is based on the normalized Lagrange multipliers for identifying network parameter errors has shown to be very effective yet also carries a high computational burden prohibiting its efficient use for large transmission grids. This paper presents an efficient solution that greatly reduces this burden facilitating the method's implementation in large practical power systems. The reduction in the computational cost is achieved by exploiting the sparse structure of the jacobian and gain matrices. The necessary subset of entries of the inverse matrix is determined by a two-step back stepping logic, and they are computed by a modified version of the well-known “sparse inverse” algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed approach drastically reduces the computational load. Scenarios with different types of parameter errors are simulated to illustrate the application of the proposed implementation for very large size power systems.
Pathways to Better Project Delivery: The Link Between Capacity Factors and Urban Infrastructure Projects in India

Summary This study focuses on the concept of capacity development (CD) that has been accepted widely in the international development community, but has not been investigated extensively by empirical studies in academic research. While empirical evidence is essential to understanding causality between capacity and project outcomes, past CD research primarily focuses on case studies. Using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, this research analyzes 126 urban infrastructure projects in India that were funded by a national urban renewal program to find which combinations of capacity factors at the enabling environment, organizational, and individual level led to successful or unsuccessful project delivery. The results identify six pathways to success and three pathways to failure and reveal the complex causality between capacity factors and project delivery. This study moves beyond theoretical discussions found in existing CD literature by providing an example of how CD can be studied in the context of a real-world development program, and contributes to our understanding of how capacity is interconnected with project delivery.
Growth Characteristics in Crosses of Angus, Santa Gertrudis and Gelbvieh Beef Cattle

A total of 343 calves (males and females) were evaluated for preweaning average daily gain, weaning weight (WW), feedlot average daily gain to slaughter (ADGF), slaughter weight (SW), pelvic height (PH), pelvic width, pelvic area, weaning conformation score (WS) and ratio of weaning weight to the dam's weight at weaning (R). Mating types included straight-bred Angus (A) and Santa Gertrudis (S), the reciprocal crosses of these two breeds and Gelbvieh (G) X Angus. Straightbred S and A X S crosses had the heaviest WW, followed by S X A and G X A crosses; straightbred A had significantly smaller WW than all other mating types. The crossbreds and the straightbred S had higher WS than straightbred A. The ratio of WW to cow weight was largest for S X A. The straightbred S and A X S crosses had significantly lower R values than the other mating types. Weaning weight per cow exposed, computed as the product of weaning rate and weight, indicated that straightbred A had an advantage over the other mating types (156.5 kg), whereas S and S X A were intermediate (147.9 and 147.6 kg, respectively) and A X S was lowest (128.9 kg). Feedlot gain was highest for A X S, though not significantly greater than for straightbred S or G X A. Straightbred A gained significantly less than other mating types except S X A. Straightbred A were found to be significantly smaller at slaughter than the other mating types. The S X A and G X A were intermediate; the straightbred S and A X S were significantly larger for SW.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bioinspired multicontrollable metasurfaces and metamaterials for terahertz applications

Inspired by biological multicontrollability, we have devised the concept of multicontrollable metasurfaces. Comprising electrically small elements called MetaAtoms, a metasurface could be either homogeneous or graded on the wavelength scale for operation in the terahertz regime. The MetaAtoms would comprise diverse pixels each of which is made of magnetically controlled, thermally controlled, electrically controlled, or optically controlled material. Stacks of parallel multicontrollable metasurfaces would function as multicontrollable metamaterials.
‘Vienna is Different’: Friedrich Torberg’s Journal Forum , the Congress for Cultural Freedom, and Competing Soft-Power Strategies in the Cold War

In 1951, Friedrich Torberg (1908–1979) returned to Vienna from an eleven-year exile in the United States, working closely with the US Occupation government as writer and commentator for the US-sponsored radio station Sender Rot-Weiβ-Rot and the daily newspaper Kurier. His experience in the United States and renewed presence in the Austrian media landscape were instrumental in his appointment, in January 1954, as editor of Forum, the CCF monthly journal of political opinion and culture for the Austrian- and German-speaking Central European market. Forum became a publication whose influence arguably exceeded its modest print run, yet was plagued from the outset by financial difficulties, which gave the CCF leadership in Paris much cause for concern.