cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In vitro assessment of the IGF-1R inhibitor, PQIP, alone and in combination with chemotherapy, against human colorectal cancer cell lines: Antiproliferative, molecular, and metabolic effects.

B44 Background: Signaling through the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) promotes cell growth, migration and survival in several human tumors. IGF-1R is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and is associated with a poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. In this study, we tested PQIP, a small molecule IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitor, alone or in combination with standard chemotherapeutic agents in proliferation and apoptosis assays using human CRC cell lines. Based on our prior data demonstrating distinctive metabolic responses of cancer cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, we also investigated changes in glucose and choline metabolism in de novo sensitive and insensitive CRC cells after treatment with PQIP. Methods: The antiproliferative effects of PQIP, as a single agent and in combination with 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, or SN38 were assessed using a sulforhodamine B assay. Synergy was evaluated between PQIP and chemotherapy using the Chou and Talalay method. Apoptosis was analyzed using bioluminescent caspase 3/7 detection, and downstream effectors were analyzed by immunoblotting lysates from cells stimulated with IGF-II following pretreatment with PQIP. NMR-based metabolomic analysis was performed on one de novo sensitive and one insensitive cell line after PQIP exposure. Results: PQIP demonstrated antiproliferative effects against CRC cell lines with a range of IC50’s of 0.3 to > 5μM. A sensitive cell line (HT29; IC50 =300 nM) and an insensitive cell line (HCT116; IC50>5uM) were chosen for further analysis. Interestingly, both cell lines demonstrated synergy, as reflected by CI values of
NRG-loops: adjusting power from within applications

NRG-Loops are source-level abstractions that allow an application to dynamically manage its power and energy through adjustments to functionality, performance, and accuracy. The adjustments, which come in the form of truncated, adapted, or perforated loops, are conditionally enabled as runtime power and energy constraints dictate. NRG-Loops are portable across different hardware platforms and operating systems and are complementary to existing system-level efficiency techniques, such as DVFS and idle states. Using a prototype C library supported by commodity hardware energy meters (and with no modifications to the compiler or operating system), this paper demonstrates four NRG-Loop applications that in 2–6 lines of source code changes can save up to 55% power and 90% energy, resulting in up to 12X better energy efficiency than system-level techniques.
G6PD Deficiency in an HIV Clinic Setting in the Dominican Republic

Abstract. Because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receive prophylaxis with oxidative drugs, those with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency may experience hemolysis. However, G6PD deficiency has not been studied in the Dominican Republic, where many individuals have African ancestry. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Dominican HIV-infected patients and to attempt to develop a cost-effective algorithm for identifying such individuals. To this end, histories, chart reviews, and G6PD testing were performed for 238 consecutive HIV-infected adult clinic patients. The overall prevalence of G6PD deficiency (8.8%) was similar in males (9.3%) and females (8.5%), and higher in Haitians (18%) than Dominicans (6.4%; P = 0.01). By logistic regression, three clinical variables predicted G6PD status: maternal country of birth (P = 0.01) and a history of hemolysis (P = 0.01) or severe anemia (P = 0.03). Using these criteria, an algorithm was developed, in which a patient subset was identified that would benefit most from G6PD screening, yielding a sensitivity of 94.7% and a specificity of 97.2%, increasing the pretest probability (8.8–15.1%), and halving the number of patients needing testing. This algorithm may provide a cost-effective strategy for improving care in resource-limited settings.
Geometry Applied Over Reality

Appropriated yet constructed; analog but also digital; amorphous yet precise; Enric Miralles's 1992 drawing for the Swatch Car Showroom in Barcelona is a seamless study in contradiction. Inspired b...
CK2α' Drives Lung Cancer Metastasis by Targeting BRMS1 Nuclear Export and Degradation

Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) is decreased in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other solid tumors, and its loss correlates with increased metastases. We show that BRMS1 is posttranslationally regulated by TNF-induced casein kinase 2 catalytic subunit (CK2α') phosphorylation of nuclear BRMS1 on serine 30 (S30), resulting in 14-3-3e-mediated nuclear exportation, increased BRMS1 cytosolic expression, and ubiquitin-proteasome-induced BRMS1 degradation. Using our in vivo orthotopic mouse model of lung cancer metastases, we found that mutation of S30 in BRMS1 or the use of the CK2-specific small-molecule inhibitor CX4945 abrogates CK2α'-induced cell migration and invasion and decreases NSCLC metastasis by 60-fold. Analysis of 160 human NSCLC specimens confirmed that tumor CK2α' and cytoplasmic BRMS1 expression levels are associated with increased tumor recurrence, metastatic foci, and reduced disease-free survival. Collectively, we identify a therapeutically exploitable posttranslational mechanism by which CK2α-mediated degradation of BRMS1 promotes metastases in lung cancer. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2675-86. ©2016 AACR.
Ground State Properties And Magnetism In Substitutionally Disordered Fe1—xCrx Alloys

We have performed calculations of the electronic structure of the random substitutional bcc Fe1-xCrx alloys, using the spin-polarized, self-consistent Korringa, Kohn and Rostoker coherent potential approximation (KKR-CPA) method. This is a first principles method based on a local spin density approximation for electron exchange and correlation energy. For the iron-rich alloys, we find that the average moment decreases linearly with Cr concentration, although the individual moments show a different concentration dependence and the Cr moment is anti-parallel to the Fe moment. This system is similar to Fe1-xVx system, although some details are different.
Thermal Properties of Non-Metallic Films by Means of Thermal Wave Techniques

The propagation of a thermal wave into a thin film or coating depends on the thermal properties of the material. Consequently, thermal wave generation and detection can be used to obtain the heat conductivity of the material. The method is also useful because thermal wave propagation is sensitive to inhomogeneity, porosity, inclusions, voids, and delaminations. The results of two specific applications of the thermal wave technique are presented, the heat resistance of oxide coatings and of diamond films.
Long-Term Outcomes of Using Hyaluronic Acid-Carboxymethylcellulose Adhesion Barrier Film on the Neurovascular Bundle.

Abstract Introduction/Objective: We hypothesize that the use of hyaluronic acid-carboxymethylcellulose (HACM) adhesion barrier at the neurovascular bundle may hasten the return of erectile function after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review identified 462 consecutive patients who underwent a nerve-sparing prostatectomy between 2009 and 2012. The first 246 patients were administered the barrier film, while the next 216 patients, the control group, did not receive HACM. Postoperative erectile function and oncologic outcomes were compared. Independent t-test and Kaplan–Meier analysis were conducted, p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The two groups were well matched, without significant differences in age, weight, operative time, prostate size, preoperative prostate-specific antigen, sexual health inventory for men (SHIM), or AUA symptom scores. The mean SHIM was significantly higher for the experimental group at 6 months (6.39 vs 4.75, p = 0.008...
School district and housing price responses to fiscal stress labels: Evidence from Ohio

Abstract This paper examines the effect of the Ohio fiscal stress labeling system on school district outcomes and housing prices. Under this policy, financially troubled districts are labeled and required to implement financial recovery plans. In response to these plans, districts increase local tax revenues and decrease capital and operating expenditures. Although these recovery plans lead to better long-term financial health for school districts, there appear to be some negative impacts on welfare in these districts during the duration of the label. I find that residential home sale prices fall following fiscal stress label receipt, but rise again once the label is removed. These districts also undergo substantial restructuring, including reductions in enrollments, teachers, and schools, which coincide with a transitory reduction in math proficiency rates following label receipt.
Analysing engineering expertise of high school students using eye tracking and multimodal learning analytics

In this paper, we describe results of a multimodal learning analytics pilot study designed to understand the differences in eye tracking patterns found to exist between students with low and high performance in three engineering-related computer games, all of which require spatial ability, problem-solving skills, and a capacity to interpret visual imagery. In the first game, gears and chains had to be properly connected so that all gears depicted on the screen would spin simultaneously. In the second game, students needed to manipulate lines so as to ensure that no two intersected. In the final game, students were asked to position gears in specific screen locations in order to put in motion onscreen objects. The literature establishes that such abilities are related to math learning and math performance. In this regard, we believe that understanding these differences in student’s visual processing, problem-solving, and the attention they dedicate to spatial stimuli will be helpful in making positive interventions in STEM education for diverse populations.
Studies on the optical enantiomorphs of warfarin in man.

The optieal enantiomorphs of warfarin were studied in 10 normal sub;ects. Eaeh sub;ect was given in separate experiments a single oral dose of R(+) warfarin, S(-) warfarin, and the racemate, R,S(±) warfarin, in the amount of 1.5 mg of drug per kilogram of body weight. The biologie half-life for (+) warfarin, (-) warfarin, and raeemie warfarin was 58 ± 5, 33 ± 4, and 42 ± 2 hours, respeetively, a highly significant differenee (p < 0.01) between the enantiomorphs. The blood level of drug for (+) warfarin was 94% greater than that tor (-) warfarin. The area under the pro thrombin time curve plotted logarithmically showed a 76% greater effect for (-) warfarin than for (+) warfarin. Thus, the intrinsic activity of (-) warfarin was 3.4 times as great as thot of (+) warfarin in the induction of hypoprothrombinemia. A high degree of direct correlation was found between the area for the blood level of drug and the hypoprothrombinemic effect for both the (+) and (-) warfarin enantiomorphs. It is concluded that the greater intrinsic activity of (-) warfarin than (+) warfarin does not result primarily from the blood level of the enantiomorphs but may result from a difference in permeability or affinity for the receptor site.
Percutaneous Balloon Valvuloplasty for Mitral Stenosis

Rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) remains a significant health problem in developing nations. Medical therapy forms the initial treatment strategy for most asymptomatic patients and for those with mild MS. Patients with severe (valve area < 1.5 cm2), symptomatic MS may be considered for percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV), a catheter-based therapy that works by cleaving the commissural fusion associated with rheumatic MS. Echocardiography is extremely helpful in identifying appropriate patients for this procedure and for excluding patients with contraindications (i.e., those with left atrial thrombus and significant mitral regurgitation). The Inoue balloon technique is the standard method used; the procedure may be technically challenging. The procedure is successful in more than 80 % of cases and results in roughly a doubling of the valve area and an immediate drop in left atrial and pulmonary artery pressures. The results of PMBV are comparable to those achieved with open surgical commissurotomy. The hemodynamic effects typically endure with a low event rate for the first 5 years following the procedure; however, by 10 years, about half the patients experience restenosis and require additional PMBV or surgical valve replacement.
Ultrasonic transducers for harsh environments

Several Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) programs, such as the Fuel Cycle Research and Development (FCRD), Advanced Reactor Concepts (ARC), Light Water Reactor Sustainability, and Next Generation Nuclear Power Plants (NGNP), are investigating new fuels, materials, and inspection paradigms for advanced and existing reactors. A key objective of such programs is to understand the performance of these fuels and materials during irradiation. In DOE-NE's FCRD program, ultrasonic based technology was identified as a key approach that should be pursued to obtain the high-fidelity, high-accuracy data required to characterize the behavior and performance of new candidate fuels and structural materials during irradiation testing. The radiation, high temperatures, and pressure can limit the available tools and characterization methods. In this work piezoelectric transducers capable of making these measurements are developed. Specifically, three piezoelectric sensors (Bismuth Titanate, Aluminum Nitride, and Zinc Oxide) are tested in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research reactor to a fast neutron fluence of 8.65×1020 n/cm2. It is demonstrated that Bismuth Titanate is capable of transduction up to 5×1020 n/cm2, Zinc Oxide is capable of transduction up to at least 6.27×1020 n/cm2, and Aluminum Nitride is capable of transduction up to at least 8.65××1020 n/cm2.
Conclusion: César Aira and Queer Movements in Crisis

The discontent surrounding normative lifestyles and the impossible standards of the social models provided by international capitalist economies help to understand Queer Argentina as a preferred place of being. Rather than a specific place on the global map, Queer Argentina is a symbolic space of encounter for contemporary marginalized communities in crisis. An analysis of Cesar Aira’s unmarked trilogy, consisting of Yo era una nina de siete anos, Yo era una chica modera, and Yo era una mujer casada, insists on queer frameworks as frequent destinations for a contemporary society that continuously is unable, and unwilling, to engage with, and be represented by heteronormativity.
Continuous models fail to capture details of reentry in fibrotic myocardium

Cardiac arrhythmias have traditionally been simulated using continuous models that assume tissue homogeneity and use a relatively large spatial discretization. However, it is believed the tissue fibrosis and collagen deposition, which occur on a micron-level scale, are critical factors in arrhythmogenesis, and it remains unclear how well continuous models are able to accurately capture complex conduction behaviors such as reentry in fibrotic tissue. The objective of this study was to compare reentrant behavior in discrete microstructural models of fibrosis and in two types of equivalent continuous models, a homogenous model and a hybrid continuous model with distinct heterogeneities. In the discrete model, increasing levels of tissue fibrosis lead to substantial increases in reentrant cycle length which are inadequately reflected in the homogenous and hybrid continuous models. These cycle length increases appear to be due primarily to increases in tip path length and to altered restitution behavior, and suggest that it is critical to consider the discrete effects of fibrosis on conduction when studying arrhythmogenesis in fibrotic myocardium.
Salient Needs for Conservation of Atlantic Salmon

A short review is presented on the major factors contributing to recent precipitous declines in populations of wild Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar, with the approach of describing the major needs for stabilizing or enhancing factors to conserve and reverse the decline of salmon populations and incidentally of other salmonid species. Some aspects of physiology and required habitat characteristics through the life history of Atlantic Salmon are reviewed that determine responses to degradation of habitats. Anthropogenic developments, including obstructions to migration and degradation of freshwater habitats, are major reasons for declines in the resource. Thus, habitat is a primary factor to be considered in conservation and restoration. Socioeconomic considerations may override ecological and public interest concerns, and examples are given from Canada, where environmental regulations have been relaxed in favor of economic interests. Public education and awareness and advocacy in order for political “will” for...
Musculoskeletal geometry accounts for apparent extrinsic representation of paw position in dorsal spinocerebellar tract

A classic experiment concluding that many dorsal spinocerebellar tract neurons encode paw position rather than joint angles has been cited by many studies as evidence for high-level computation occ...
Abstract 320: Activation of Protein Kinase G Enhances Proteasome-Mediated Degradation of Misfolded Proteins

The Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) plays a pivotal role in the intracellular protein homeostasis, thereby regulating a variety of cellular processes including protein quality control (PQC). Inadequate PQC and proteasome functional insufficiency are associated with and may play an important role in adverse cardiac remodeling and cardiac failure (CHF). This is best reflected by the increased presence of misfolded proteins and protein aggregates in failing human hearts. While the regulatory mechanisms of these processes remain poorly understood they carry significant clinical implications. Reduced protein kinase G (PKG) activity is well documented in CHF. Increasing the activity PKG, during various cardiovascular diseases improves patient prognosis. We hypothesize that PKG plays a role in regulating UPS function. Using both genetic and/or pharmacological manipulation of PKG activity in cultured cardiomyocytes and intact mice and taking advantage of a previously validated surrogate misfolded protein (GFPu or GFPdgn) as well as a bona fide misfolded protein (R120G-CryAB) that is known to cause proteinopathy in human and mice, our studies have revealed a significant role for PKG in UPS regulation. In cultured cardiomyocytes, PKG inhibition was achieved by PKG-specific siRNA transfection or administration of PKG pharmacological inhibitor while PKG activity was induced by adenoviral delivery of a constitutively active PKG or by the treatment of phosphodiesterase 5A inhibitor Sildenafil. PKG activation significantly stimulated UPS activity in cultured cardiomyocytes as indicated by a reduced protein level of GFPu and increased proteasome activities; while PKG inhibition reduced UPS proteolytic activity. Furthermore PKG activation resulted in enhanced removal of R120G-CryAB. These findings from cell culture studies were further corroborated by in vivo findings from manipulating the muscarinic (M) receptor in GFPdgn transgenic mice. The M receptor signals through PKG. Activating the M receptor deceased, while antagonizing the M receptor increased, the steady protein level of GFPdgn in the heart. Hence, we conclude that PKG positively regulates the UPS thereby supporting cardiomyocyte PQC.
Integration of an Intelligent Tutoring Software within an accelerated Engineering mathematics course

Innovations aimed at eliminating mathematics-related bottlenecks in STEM curricula have received significant attention in the literature. Of these efforts, approaches offering alternative pathways through the developmental and pre-calculus course sequences are especially promising for improving access for underprepared students. The research described herein describes the integration of an Intelligent Tutoring Software (ALEKS - Prep for Calculus) within a discipline-specific accelerated remedial mathematics course taught in the College of Engineering and Computer Science at Wright State University. Namely, comparative outcomes from a controlled analysis involving two sections of the course differing only in the utilization of the ALEKS software module are described herein. Students in the experimental group experienced an average ALEKS placement score improvement of 27.00%, compared to 19.07% in the control group. This effect was especially pronounced for students entering the course at the developmental mathematics level.
Development of a systems‐based in situ multiplex biomarker screening approach for the assessment of immunopathology and neural tissue plasticity in male rats after traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) pose a massive burden of disease and continue to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. A major obstacle in developing effective treatments is the lack of comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms that mediate tissue damage and recovery after TBI. As such, our work aims to highlight the development of a novel experimental platform capable of fully characterizing the underlying pathobiology that unfolds after TBI. This platform encompasses an empirically optimized multiplex immunohistochemistry staining and imaging system customized to screen for a myriad of biomarkers required to comprehensively evaluate the extent of neuroinflammation, neural tissue damage, and repair in response to TBI. Herein, we demonstrate that our multiplex biomarker screening platform is capable of evaluating changes in both the topographical location and functional states of resident and infiltrating cell types that play a role in neuropathology after controlled cortical impact injury to the brain in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Our results demonstrate that our multiplex biomarker screening platform lays the groundwork for the comprehensive characterization of changes that occur within the brain after TBI. Such work may ultimately lead to the understanding of the governing pathobiology of TBI, thereby fostering the development of novel therapeutic interventions tailored to produce optimal tissue protection, repair, and/or regeneration with minimal side effects, and may ultimately find utility in a wide variety of other neurological injuries, diseases, and disorders that share components of TBI pathobiology.
PLZF expression maps the early stages of ILC1 lineage development (LYM2P.720)

Among the variety of tissue-resident NK-like populations recently distinguished from classical recirculating cNK cells, liver innate lymphoid cells type I (ILC1) have been shown to represent a distinct lineage that originates from a novel PLZF-expressing ILC precursor (ILCP) strictly committed to the ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 lineages. Here, using PLZF-reporter mice and cell transfer assays, we studied the developmental progression of ILC1s and demonstrated substantial overlap with stages previously ascribed to the cNK lineage, including pre-pro-NK, pre-NK precursor (pre-NKP), refined NKP (rNKP) and immature NK (iNK). Although they originated from different precursors, the ILC1 and cNK lineages followed a parallel progression at early stages and diverged later at the iNK stage, with a striking predominance of ILC1s over cNKs early in ontogeny. While a limited set of ILC1 genes were dependent on PLZF for expression, characteristically including Il7r , most of these genes were also differentially expressed between ILC1s and cNKs, indicating that PLZF together with other, yet to be defined, factors contribute to the divergence between these lineages.
On a nonbasic dual method for the transportation problem

The classical transportation problem (dimensions m≤n; integer flow parameters; total flow Q) is solved by a sequence of strongly related shortest path problems in a digraph with at most m nodes and nonnegative arcs. This approach was first proposed by Hoffman and Markowitz and successively improved by Lagemann; here the method is revisited using recent results in subgradient and network flow optimization techniques. At each iteration of the solution procedure, only the m-vector of dual row variables is worked out, while complementary slackness conditions and column constraints are implicitly satisfied. Advanced starting values are determined applying subgradient techniques to the relaxation obtained including the row constraints in the objective function. For independently distributed costs and uniform demand parameters, the efficiency of a proposed algorithm, based on the above considerations, practically depends on the homogeneity of the source availabilities, rather than on the pseudo-polynomiality of the algorithm, whose complexity is bounded by O(Qm(3m+n)). Especially for very rectangular problems, i.e. m≪n, the method is competitive with existing algorithms, where the column dimension n is dealt with explicity, to form basic trees of size m+n−1.
A pilot study of venous duplex ultrasound parameters in healthy children.

Abstract Objective The spectrum of chronic venous disease (CVD) in adults is well documented, whereas there is a paucity of data published commenting on pediatric CVD. We previously identified that there is often venous reflux present in cases of pediatric lower extremity edema despite an alternative confirmed diagnosis. To further assess the clinical significance of this venous reflux, this study aimed to elicit venous parameters in healthy pediatric controls. Methods Healthy pediatric volunteers aged 5 to 17 years were recruited for venous reflux study. A comprehensive venous reflux study was performed with the patient standing. Vein diameter, patterns of valvular reflux, and accessory venous anatomy were examined in the deep and superficial venous systems. Results Eighteen children including 10 boys and 8 girls were studied. Five volunteers were aged 5 to 8 years, six volunteers were aged 9 to 12 years, and seven volunteers were aged 13 to 17 years. Great saphenous vein (GSV) diameter at the saphenofemoral junction significantly increased with age. Deep vein valve closure time (VCT) did not differ significantly between groups, whereas GSV VCT was significantly higher in the 9- to 12-year age group. Incidental venous insufficiency was identified in 60% of children aged 5 to 8 years (n = 3), 50% of children aged 9 to 12 years (n = 3), and 57% of children aged 13 to 17 years (n = 4). All superficial venous reflux was confined to the GSV; there were no cases of isolated deep venous reflux. Reflux was identified at multiple GSV stations in 60% of children. There was no significant difference in incompetent GSV VCT in comparing children with and without deep venous reflux. Accessory superficial veins were identified in 20% of children aged 5 to 8 years (n = 1), 50% of children aged 9 to 12 years (n = 3), and 43% of children aged 13 to 17 years (n = 3). The presence of an accessory saphenous vein was not associated with deep venous reflux in any patient, and only 29% of those with accessory saphenous venous anatomy had evidence of superficial venous (GSV) reflux. Conclusions The GSV continues to grow in diameter through the teenage years. Incidental valvular incompetence and GSV reflux are common. The presence of accessory saphenous veins is similarly common and not associated with venous reflux. The clinical significance and natural history of this incidental venous reflux remain unclear. Future research should determine whether these changes seen in the pediatric age group lead to CVD during later years of life.
Determination of High-Resolution, Sequence-Dependent DNA Duplex Structures in Solution

There can be rather subtle structural variations in the DNA double helix which are sequence-dependent; but these subtle structural differences may direct protein, mutagen or drug recognition. These subtle variations demand detailed knowledge of the structure. This has not been easy to achieve, but the ability to determine an accurate, high-resolution structure of nearly any DNA double helix of length less than 15 base pairs (bp) is now possible if sufficient care and effort are expended. The structure of any molecule can be determined with a sufficient number of structural restraints, e.g., internuclear distances and bond torsion angles, in conjunction with holonomic constraints of bond lengths, bond angles, and steric limitations. NMR, in conjunction with appropriate computational algorithms, has become the method of choice for determination of the high-resolution solution structure of proteins, nucleic acids and complexes. Multidimensional NMR has the capability of yielding interpro- ton distances and bond torsion angles as experimental structural restraints (James and Basus, 1991; Oppenheimer and James, 1989; Wagner et al, 1992). These structural restraints per se do not constitute a structure. However, use of algorithms, such as distance geometry (DG) and restrained molecular dynamics (rMD), which search conformational space to define structures consistent with the experimental restraints will provide a “structure” or envelope of closely related structures. Structure determination via NMR is distinctly different from the situation with x-ray crystallographic determination of structure, where Fourier transformation of the diffraction pattern basically yields an atomic array (assuming the phase problem has been solved).
Methods for managing variation in clinical drug names.

Objectives: To develop normalization methods for managing the variation in clinical drug names. Methods: Manual examination of drug names from RxNorm and local variants collected from formularies led to the identification of three types of drugspecific normalization rules: expansion of abbreviations (e.g., tab to tablet);reformatting of specific elements (e.g., space between number and unit); and removal of salt variants (e.g., succinate from metoprolol succinate). Results: After drug-specific normalization, recall of 3397 previously non-matching names from formularies reaches 45% overall (70% of some subsets), compared to 10-20% after generic normalization. Ambiguity has not increased significantly in the RxNorm dataset. Conclusions: A limited number of drug-specific normalization operations provide significant improvement over general language normalization.
Social policies and services for survivors of domestic violence in South Korea

Social policies and services addressing domestic violence have been developed recently in South Korea but scarcely reported to the international audience. We adopted the empowerment perspective, co...
Airport Capability, Aviation Activity and Economic Activity at General Aviation Airports

Previous research has established support for the overall premise that there are relationships between investments in airport infrastructure and economic activity. The nature of the investment and resulting increased capabilities seem to act in specific ways that are as yet materially unexplained. In addition, the role of how increased capabilities support (or make possible) increased activity at the airport, and how increased activity in general leads to economic outcomes are also ripe for additional clarification. The purpose of this investigation is to shed light on the relationships between airport capabilities, aviation activity at the airport, and the economic activity generated for the community served by the airport. In this study we have demonstrated that strong, significant positive relationships exist between Airport Capabilities (Accessibility and Infrastructure), Airport Size (Class), Airport Activity, and Economic Activity. Practical, managerial inferences can also be drawn. First, it is not unreasonable to expect that investment (public or private) in improved airport capability does indeed stimulate increased economic activity directly, and indirectly by increasing the number and importance of activities taking place at the airport. It is anticipated that the results of this and related future research efforts can better inform public policy decisions in general aviation.
(–)‐Gibberic acid: hydrogen‐bonding pattern of the monohydrate of a non‐­racemic tetracyclic δ‐keto acid derivative of gibberellin A3

In the the title compound, 1,7-di­methyl-8-oxo-4bα,7α-gibba-1,3,4a(10a)-triene-10β-carboxyl­ic acid monohydrate, C18H20O3·H2O, the water of hydration accepts a hydrogen bond from the carboxyl and donates hydrogen bonds to the carboxyl carbonyl and the ketone in two different screw-related neighbors, which are mutually translational, yielding a complex three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding array.
Uptake, translocation, and metabolism of sulfamethazine by Arabidopsis thaliana: distinguishing between phytometabolites and abiotic transformation products in the media.

AbstractPlant accumulation of antibiotic residues presents potential risks to human and ecosystem health. However, the phytometabolic pathways of antibiotics following plant uptake are still largel...
A reliable technique to study nonlinear time-fractional coupled Korteweg–de Vries equations

This paper employs an efficient technique, namely q-homotopy analysis transform method, to study a nonlinear coupled system of equations with Caputo fractional-time derivative. The nonlinear fractional coupled systems studied in this present investigation are the generalized Hirota–Satsuma coupled with KdV, the coupled KdV, and the modified coupled KdV equations which are used as a model in nonlinear physical phenomena arising in biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering. The series solution obtained using this method is proved to be reliable and accurate with minimal computations. Several numerical comparisons are made with well-known analytical methods and the exact solutions when $\alpha =1$. It is evident from the results obtained that the proposed method outperformed other methods in handling the coupled systems considered in this paper. The effect of the fractional order on the problem considered is investigated, and the error estimate when compared with exact solution is presented.
Clinical outcomes and markers of treatment response in a randomized phase II study of androgen deprivation therapy with or without palbociclib in RB-intact metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC).

5573Background: Targeted therapies based on tumor molecular markers are not currently used in mHSPC. Palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, blocked proliferation and promoted G1 arrest in a Rb-and Cyclin...
Genomic Alterations as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Extramammary Paget's Disease of the Vulva.

PURPOSETo identify genomic alterations as potential therapeutic targets in extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) of the vulva.METHODSWe identified all patients with primary vulvar EMPD who were treated...
“Wirklichkeit” and “Widerschein:” Berthold Auerbach’s Theory of Literature in Schrift und Volk: Grundzüge der volksthümlichen Literatur, angeschlossen an eine Charakteristik J. P. Hebel’s

This essay explores how Berthold Auerbach's 1846 treatise on Volksliteratur functioned as a theory of literature interested in transforming the relationship between the individual and collective wi...
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical students: a multicenter quantitative study.

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the United States (US) medical education system with the necessary, yet unprecedented Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) national recommendation to pause all student clinical rotations with in-person patient care. This study is a quantitative analysis investigating the educational and psychological effects of the pandemic on US medical students and their reactions to the AAMC recommendation in order to inform medical education policy. The authors sent a cross-sectional survey via email to medical students in their clinical training years at six medical schools during the initial peak phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey questions aimed to evaluate students’ perceptions of COVID-19’s impact on medical education; ethical obligations during a pandemic; infection risk; anxiety and burnout; willingness and needed preparations to return to clinical rotations. Seven hundred forty-one (29.5%) students responded. Nearly all students (93.7%) were not involved in clinical rotations with in-person patient contact at the time the study was conducted. Reactions to being removed were mixed, with 75.8% feeling this was appropriate, 34.7% guilty, 33.5% disappointed, and 27.0% relieved. Most students (74.7%) agreed the pandemic had significantly disrupted their medical education, and believed they should continue with normal clinical rotations during this pandemic (61.3%). When asked if they would accept the risk of infection with COVID-19 if they returned to the clinical setting, 83.4% agreed. Students reported the pandemic had moderate effects on their stress and anxiety levels with 84.1% of respondents feeling at least somewhat anxious. Adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) (53.5%) was the most important factor to feel safe returning to clinical rotations, followed by adequate testing for infection (19.3%) and antibody testing (16.2%). The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the education of US medical students in their clinical training years. The majority of students wanted to return to clinical rotations and were willing to accept the risk of COVID-19 infection. Students were most concerned with having enough PPE if allowed to return to clinical activities.
Development of the vertebrate retinal direction-selective circuit

The vertebrate retina contains an array of neural circuits that detect distinct features in visual space. Direction-selective (DS) circuits are an evolutionarily conserved retinal circuit motif - from zebrafish to rodents to primates - specialized for motion detection. During retinal development, neuronal subtypes that wire DS circuits form exquisitely precise connections with each other to shape the output of retinal ganglion cells tuned for specific speeds and directions of motion. In this review, we follow the chronology of DS circuit development in the vertebrate retina, including the cellular, molecular, and activity-dependent mechanisms that regulate the formation of DS circuits, from cell birth and migration to synapse formation and refinement. We highlight recent findings that identify genetic programs critical for specifying neuronal subtypes within DS circuits and molecular interactions essential for responses along the cardinal axes of motion. Finally, we discuss the roles of DS circuits in visual behavior and in certain human visual disease conditions. As one of the best-characterized circuits in the vertebrate retina, DS circuits represent an ideal model system for studying the development of neural connectivity at the level of individual genes, cells, and behavior.
Second-order fast non-singular terminal sliding mode fault tolerant control for wind-turbine system

This paper investigates a second-order fast non-singular terminal sliding mode fault-tolerant control strategy to deal with wind turbine system (WTS) fault problems, including actuator gain-bias faults and stochastic disturbances. To avoid non-singular phenomena in control process, a second-order non-singular fast terminal sliding mode surface is employed, which can significantly reduce the adjustment time and chattering phenomenon required for the system to reach a steady state. Subsequently, combining the sliding mode control (SMC) algorithm and proportional integral derivative (PID) technology, a second-order fast non-singular terminal sliding mode fault tolerant controller (SFNTSM-FTC) is implemented for the WTS. Meanwhile, considering the state constraint problems, the Barrier Lyapunov function is established to demonstrate the stability of the closed-loop control system, which can acquire satisfactory tracking performance. Finally, numerical results are verified to indicate the availability of designed SFNTSM-FTC strategy in compared with SMC and PID strategy.
Levy Processes in Lie Groups

It is well known that the distribution of a classical Levy process in a Euclidean space \(\mathbb {R}^d\) is determined by a triple of a drift vector, a covariance matrix, and a Levy measure, which are called the characteristics of the Levy process. The triple appears in the Levy-Khinchin formula, which is the Fourier transform of the distribution, or in the pathwise Levy-Ito representation. In the latter representation, the three elements of the triple correspond respectively to a nonrandom drift, a diffusion part, and a pure jump part of the process. A Levy process in a Lie group G cannot be decomposed into three parts as in \(\mathbb {R}^d\), due to the non-commutative nature of G, but the triple representation holds in an infinitesimal sense, in the form of Hunt’s generator formula, to be discussed in §2.1. The relation between Levy measures and jumps of Levy processes is considered in §2.2.
Thermodynamics, kinetics and modeling studies of KH- RbH- and CsH-doped 2LiNH2/MgH2 hydrogen storage systems

Abstract In this study, the effects of several alkali metal hydride dopants on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the 2LiNH2/MgH2 system were determined. The results showed that the stabilities of the doped 2LiNH2/MgH2 system are in the order: KH KH > CsH, with absorption rates being about twice as fast as desorption from the corresponding materials. As expected, the activation energies for the reactions were in the order: RbH
Cell‐specific caspase expression by different neuronal phenotypes in transient retinal ischemia

Emerging evidence supports an important role for caspases in neuronal death following ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study assessed whether cell specific caspases participate in neuronal degeneration and whether caspase inhibition provides neuroprotection following transient retinal ischemia. We utilized a model of transient global retinal ischemia. The spatial and temporal pattern of the active forms of caspase 1, 2 and 3 expression was determined in retinal neurons following ischemic injury. Double-labeling with cell-specific markers identified which cells were expressing different caspases. In separate experiments, animals received various caspase inhibitors before the induction of ischemia. Sixty minutes of ischemia resulted in a delayed, selective neuronal death of the inner retinal layers at 7 days. Expression of caspase 1 was not detected at any time point. Maximal expression of caspase 2 was found at 24 h primarily in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers of the retina and localized to ganglion and amacrine neurons. Caspase 3 also peaked at 24 h in both the inner nuclear and outer nuclear layers and was predominantly expressed in photoreceptor cells and to a lesser extent in amacrine neurons. The pan caspase inhibitor, Boc-aspartyl fmk, or an antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of caspase 2 led to significant histopathologic and functional improvement (electroretinogram) at 7 days. No protection was found with the caspase 1 selective inhibitor, Y-vad fmk. These observations suggest that ischemia-reperfusion injury activates different caspases depending on the neuronal phenotype in the retina and caspase inhibition leads to both histologic preservation and functional improvement. Caspases 2 and 3 may act in parallel in amacrine neurons following ischemia-reperfusion. These results in the retina may shed light on differential caspase specificity in global cerebral ischemia.
Have US Regulators Been Soft on Banks Over Structured Products? Yes

This article was originally written as a comment on the proposed Interagency Statement on Sound Practices Concerning Elevated Risk Complex Structured Finance Activities, 71 Fed. Reg. 28329 (May 16, 2006). The statement is Interagency Statement is a joint effort of all the federal agencies having a role in the regulation of financial institutions, including the SEC, FDIC, Federal Reserve, OTS, and the Comptroller of the Currency. The comment argues that the proposed Interagency Statement is a mistake and should be withdrawn because in its current form, it can be (and we think will be) read to encourage and condone illegal conduct. The proposed Interagency Statement gives financial institutions too much discretion to determine which “complex structured finance transactions” (CSFT) pose the problem of “elevated risk.” More troubling, the Statement provides a list of transaction characteristics that “may . . . warrant additional scrutiny” without recognizing or emphasizing that all of the characteristics are strongly indicative of potential fraud which in our view invites reckless participation in illegal conduct, either as a primary wrongdoer or as an aider and abetter.
A History of Sub-Saharan Africa

Introduction 1. The historical geography of Africa 2. Kingdoms on the Nile 3. The peoples of sub-Saharan Africa: society, culture and language 4. Crops, cows and iron 5. North-East Africa in the age of Aksum 6. Empires of the plains 7. East Africa and the Indian Ocean world 8. The lake plateau of East Africa 9. Societies and states of the West African forest 10. Kingdoms and trade in Central Africa 11.The peoples and states of Southern Africa 12. The arrival of the Europeans in sub-Saharan Africa 13. Diseases and crops: old and new 14. Slavery in Africa 15. The Atlantic slave trade 16. The Asian slave trade 17. Prelude to the European conquest of Africa 18. The European conquest of Africa 19. Africans, Dutch and the British in South Africa, 1480-1910 20. European colonial rule in Africa 21. The colonial legacy 22. Nationalism and the independence of colonial Africa 23. The union of South Africa and the apartheid state 24. A decade of hope 25. Cold War Africa 26. Africa at the beginning of the twenty-first century.
Energy efficient three-phase AC motor drives for appliance and industrial applications

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the basic analysis of a three-phase AC motor control, together with a practical design of a low cost three-phase AC drive. The AC induction motor is the workhorse in adjustable-speed drive systems. The popular type of an AC induction motor is a three-phase squirrel cage AC induction motor, which is a low-cost, maintenance-free, and low-noise motor. The control of three-phase AC induction motor mainly falls under three groups: scalar control methods, vector control methods, and adaptive control principles. One way to reduce the cost of a smart motor controller system is to integrate as many of the essential elements into the controller chip as is economically feasible. Motor and semiconductor companies are working hard on replacing constant-speed motors with variable-speed drives. Designed AC motor drives and low-cost control systems can enhance a product's performance and marketability, as well as contribute toward the worldwide trend of total electrical energy savings, which will help protect the natural environment.