cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recent contributions to the standard Albian/Cenomanian boundary chronology from Hokkaido, Japan: A review for data reintegration and numerical age recalibration

Abstract The numerical age of the Albian/Cenomanian (A/C) boundary (=Early/Late Cretaceous Epoch boundary) has recently been updated using new radiometric dates from Hokkaido, Japan. Yet, an element of uncertainty still remains in the age scaling due to inaccurate chronostratigraphic contexts surrounding the tuff beds that have been geochronologically studied in the Oyubari and Soeushinai areas. To ensure stability in the Cretaceous time scale, this paper rigorously reevaluates the current status of Hokkaido A/C chronology, clarifying the limitations and making refinements via proper reintegration of published chronostratigraphic data. In the case of the Oyubari area, its A/C biostratigraphic scheme is limited by near-absence of ammonites and planktonic foraminifera at the Albian–Cenomanian transition, resulting in a large discrepancy in the proposed boundary levels based on these macro- and microfossil taxa. These problems can be solved by solid data integration aided by event- and δ 13 C-sratigraphy from the adjacent Ashibetsu area, wherein the A/C boundary is well documented by the superior planktonic foraminiferal record. Based on the resultant A/C boundary redefinition for the Oyubari area in conjunction with a simple linear interpolation from two published U Pb ages, the A/C boundary age can be independently calibrated to be 100.8 Ma [with ±1.4 Myr uncertainty (=analytical precision)], which is consistent with that currently in use in the Geologic Time Scale 2012 (100.5 ± 0.4 Ma). In the case of the Soeushinai area, its chronostratigraphic framework is limited by rather complex geological structure and vertically/laterally variable lithologies. Moreover, the accuracy of geochronological data from this area is undermined by the fact that the dated tuff levels do not bracket the inferred A/C boundary.
Dynamics in the Interior of AOT Lamellae Investigated with Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy

The dynamics inside the organic regions of aerosol-OT (AOT)/water mixtures in the lamellar mesophase, bicontinuous cubic (BC) phase, and in an analogous molecule without the charged sulfonate headgroup are investigated by observing spectral diffusion, orientational relaxation and population relaxation using ultrafast two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) vibrational echo spectroscopy and IR pump–probe experiments on the asymmetric CO stretch of a vibrational probe, tungsten hexacarbonyl (W(CO)6). The water layer thickness between the bilayer planes in the lamellar phase was varied. For comparison, the dynamics of W(CO)6 in the normal liquid bis(2-ethylhexyl) succinate (EHS), which is analogous to AOT but has no charged sulfonate headgroup, were also studied. The 2D IR experiments measure spectral diffusion, which results from the structural evolution of the system. Spectral diffusion is quantified by the frequency–frequency correlation function (FFCF). In addition to a homogeneous component, the FFCFs are biex...
A New Species of Phlyctochytrium on Hydrodictyon Reticulatum

1. Phlyctochytrium chaetiferum has been found on dead cells and filaments of Hydrodictyon reliculatum and Oedogonium sp. which had been growing in battery jars in the laboratory. It is characterize...
Reproductive ecology of Dusky Flycatchers in montane meadows of the central Sierra Nevada

Avian species with expansive ranges or those that occupy more than one vegetative association may vary in aspects of their life histories across their ranges. The distribution of Dusky Flycatchers encompasses a variety of vegetative associations, including riparian communities. However, much of the literature on this species details studies conducted in upland areas. Our objectives were to describe the breeding ecology and fecundity of Dusky Flycatchers nesting in montane meadows of the central Sierra Nevada, California. We monitored 36 territories and located 37 Dusky Flycatcher nests in 8 meadows. Average clutch size was 3.9 eggs. Egg laying, incubation, and nestling stages were 4, 15.4, and 16.4 days, respectively. Eighteen nests successfully fledged young, with an average of 3.3 fledglings per successful nest. Nest success was 43% and nest predation was the leading cause of nest failure. Estimated annual fecundity was 1.62 fledglings per pair; however, because all renesting attempts were not located, this should be viewed as the minimum annual fecundity. Dusky Flycatchers we monitored may have had higher fecundity than those nesting in upland areas because riparian areas often have higher arthropod abundances. While the importance of riparian conservation to riparian-obligate bird species is obvious, our study indicates that these areas also may be of value to Dusky Flycatchers that breed in riparian areas and upland areas.
Incontinence, Voiding Dysfunction, and Other Urologic Complications After Radiotherapy for Gynecologic Malignancies

Women with newly diagnosed gynecologic cancer will undergo treatment with surgery, radiation, or combination therapy. A considerable proportion of these women will develop urologic complications including urinary incontinence, urinary retention, radiation cystitis, ureteral stricture, or genitourinary fistula. Diagnosis is typically made with a careful history, physical exam, endoscopy, urodynamics, and imaging. Non-surgical and surgical management of urologic complications following radiotherapy is complicated by local tissue damage resulting in inferior success rates when compared to the general population. It is imperative that the patient and physician understand the complexity of treatment and manage expectations accordingly.
Fine Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Grain Length and Grain Width on the Short Arm of Rice Chromosome 1

Two residual heterozygous lines (RHLs),which contained a heterozygous region flanked by RM1-RM3746 and RM151-RM243 on the short arm of chromosome 1 were used to develop the F6 populations,respectively. By QTL analysis of two F6 populations and comparison of the common heterozygous segment presented in these RHLs,QTLs including qGL-1 and qGW-1 for grain length and grain width were identified in the same interval between RM3746 and RM243,respectively. Four RHLs carrying heterozygous segments in the intervals RM151-RM10404,RM10398-RM5359,RM10435-RM259 and RM10381-RM243 on the short arm of rice chromosome 1 were selected from one population by SSR marker survey,respectively. Ten maternal homozygotes and 10 paternal homozygotes were selected from each of the four F2 populations derived from the four RHLs. The four sets of near isogenic lines (NILs) were grown for phenotyping on grain length and grain width. With analysis on the phenotype differences among overlapping chromosome segment substitution lines,two QTLs of qGL-1 and qGW-1 for grain length and grain width were resolved,respectively. qGL-1 and qGW-1 were located in the intervals 437.5 kb and 392.9 kb flanked by RM10390-RM1344 and RM10376-RM10398,respectively. Alleles were all from maternal parent contributing to increase in grain length and grain width. The results clearly suggested that qGL-1 and qGW-1 were tightly linked. Genetic dissection of qGL-1 and qGW-1 has laid a foundation for cloning of the QTLs and molecular breeding of appearance quality in rice.
Health Economic and Outcomes Research in Cancer

A substantial clinical and economic burden of illness is extolled upon persons across the spectrum of cancer, also impacting the welfare of society overall [1, 2]. This burden persists despite marked improvements in survival rates in recent decades. Cancer remains the second leading cause of death in the United States, with estimates over 1.7 million new cancer cases diagnosed in 2014 to exceed $217 billion in direct medical treatment costs or costs due to premature morbidity and mortality [1, 2]. Despite recent advances to improve prevention, detection, and treatment with approximately 1,000 investigational drugs in development, tremendous barriers continue to persist in cancer that ultimately impede optimal care for patients [3, 4]. Based upon their assessment of quality of care in the United States, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) National Cancer Policy Board (1999) stated, “There is no national cancer care program or system of care in the United States. Like other chronic illnesses, efforts to diagnose and treat cancer are centered on individual physicians, health plans, and cancer care centers.” [4]. In creating a vision for the future, the IOM’s National Cancer Policy Board (1999) description of a “system of ideal cancer care” was defined as one that would:
The Strategic Formulation

Decolonisation would transform the strategic topography of the world. Newly independent states could turn not only against the West, but also against each other, sparking local conflicts that could expand in wider, and more dangerous, directions. At the same time, the loss of territory to Western control would make it all the more difficult to maintain the military presence which seemed so urgent in view of portentous shifts in global power. Nowhere would such currents of change be so powerful as on the littoral of the Indian Ocean.
Victorian Science and Religion

A propos de: Between Science and Religion: The Reaction to Scientific Naturalism in Late Victorian England par F. Miller Turner (Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1974), ppXII + 273| Science and Religious Belief: A Selection of Recent Historical Studies, Ed. par C. A. Russell (University of London Press| 1973), pp. VIII + 323| Science, Religion and Education in Britain, 1804-1904, par N. W. Saffin (Lowden Publishing Co., Kilmore, Australia, 1973), pp. XII + 367.
Video chat technology to remotely quantify dietary, supplement, and medication adherence in clinical trials

We conducted two studies to test the validity, reliability, feasibility and acceptability of using video chat technology to quantify dietary and pill-taking (i.e. supplement and medication) adherence. In study 1, we investigated whether video chat technology can accurately quantify adherence to dietary and pill-taking interventions. Mock study participants ate food items and swallowed pills, while performing randomised scripted ‘cheating’ behaviours to mimic non-adherence. Monitoring was conducted in a cross-over design, with two monitors watching in-person and two watching remotely by Skype on a smartphone. For study 2, a twenty-two-item online survey was sent to a listserv with more than 20 000 unique email addresses of past and present study participants to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the technology. For the dietary adherence tests, monitors detected 86 % of non-adherent events (sensitivity) in-person v. 78 % of events via video chat monitoring (P=0·12), with comparable inter-rater agreement (0·88 v. 0·85; P=0·62). However, for pill-taking, non-adherence trended towards being more easily detected in-person than by video chat (77 v. 60 %; P=0·08), with non-significantly higher inter-rater agreement (0·85 v. 0·69; P=0·21). Survey results from study 2 (n 1076 respondents; ≥5 % response rate) indicated that 86·4 % of study participants had video chatting hardware, 73·3 % were comfortable using the technology and 79·8 % were willing to use it for clinical research. Given the capability of video chat technology to reduce participant burden and outperform other adherence monitoring methods such as dietary self-report and pill counts, video chatting is a novel and promising platform to quantify dietary and pill-taking adherence.
Microanalysis by Lattice Imaging

The resolution of closely spaced lattice fringes (~2A) is increasingly being used for studying fine-scale phenomena in materials. It is natural, therefore, that lattice imaging should also be employed to obtain information about chemical composition, especially in those circumstances where the method is most powerful, viz. on a highly localised level. In this article the application of fringe imaging is considered for the determination of chemical composition, emphasising procedures for obtaining and interpreting the images in a reliable way and illustrating the situations where such images are beneficial.
Pain and Spontaneous Thought

Pain is among the most salient of experiences while also, curiously, being among the most malleable. A large body of research has revealed that a multitude of explicit strategies can be used to effectively alter the attention-demanding quality of acute and chronic pains and their associated neural correlates. However, thoughts that are spontaneous, rather than actively generated, are common in daily life, and so attention to pain can often temporally fluctuate because of ongoing self-generated experiences. Classic pain theories have largely neglected to account for unconstrained fluctuations in cognition, but new studies have demonstrated the behavioral-relevance, putative neural basis, and individual variability of interactions between pain and spontaneous thoughts. In this chapter, I review behavioral studies of ongoing fluctuations in attention to pain, studies of the neural basis of spontaneous mind-wandering away from pain, and the clinical implications of this research.
Consequences and treatment of perioperative hypothermia

SUMMARY Mild intraoperative hypothermia provides significant protection against tissue ischemia and hypoxia. It also decreases triggering of MH and reduces the severity of the syndrome, once triggered; however, most consequences of inadvertent hypothermia are harmful. Major adverse effects include myocardial ischemia, prolonged duration of drug action, impaired coagulation, reduced resistance to surgical wound infections, and decreased postoperative thermal comfort. Little metabolic heat is lost via the respiratory tract. Consequently, even active airway heating and humidification is of little benefit and is virtually never indicated. Administration of sufficient volumes of cold intravenous fluid can produce substantial hypothermia. Fluids therefore should be warmed in patients requiring intravenous administration of more than several liters per hour. Among the clinically available warming active systems, forced-air is by far the most effective and can maintain normothermia even during the largest operations.
Poisoning with illicit drugs

Abstract It is estimated that approximately one quarter of adults in the European Union will have used illicit drugs at some point in their lifetime for recreational purposes. Cannabis is the most commonly used drugs by a significant margin. Illicit drug use in younger teenagers appears to have fallen in the UK over the last 10 years. However the level of use in 16–19 year olds remains one of the highest compared with other age groups, with hospital admission due to poisoning also common in this group. Assessment and management of the young person with evidence of toxicity due to illicit drugs is based upon meticulous attention to resuscitation and supportive care, combined with risk assessment dependent upon the suspected causative drug. Good knowledge of the pharmacology of the implicated drug allows early identification and avoidance of complications.
Phase retrieval of evolving signals from space-time samples

Phaseless reconstruction from space-time samples is a nonlinear problem of recovering a function x in a Hilbert space ℋ from the absolute values of linear measurements {|〈x, φ i 〉|, …, |〈ALi−1x, φ i 〉| ∶ i ∈ ℐ}, where { φ i ; i ∈ ℐ} ⊂ ℋ is a set of functionals on ℋ, and A is a bounded operator on ℋ that acts as an evolution operator. In this paper, we study this problem in the finite dimensional scenario, and when ℋ is a real Hilbert space.
Women’s Bodies and Feminism “After” 9/11

In this chapter Lugo-Lugo and Bloodsworth-Lugo maintain that feminism “after” 9/11 should not proceed via the same language and frameworks utilized in a pre-9/11 setting, given the relentless project of the United States to secure itself against (terroristic) threats and the emergence of specific technologies in support of these ends. The authors see this emergence as promoting old and new ideologies informed by and through the 9/11 project, which includes: the creation of key governmental institutions and policies; three war efforts; the housing and management of terrorist and/or threatening bodies; renewed nativist efforts; a paradigm shift in air travel; and governmental rhetoric justifying these efforts. The project has created a contradiction around women’s bodies as both a site of radical danger and a reminder of unwanted (national) vulnerability.
Liposomal vaccine formulations as prophylactic agents: design considerations for modern vaccines

Vaccinology is one of the most important cornerstones in modern medicine, providing better quality of life. The human immune system is composed of innate and adaptive immune processes that interplay when infection occurs. Innate immunity relies on pathogen-associated molecular patterns which are recognized by pathogen recognition receptors localized in antigen presenting cells. After antigen processing and presentation, CD4+ T cell polarization occurs, further leading to B cell and CD8+ activation and humoral and cell-mediated adaptive immune responses. Liposomes are being employed as vaccine technologies and their design is of importance to ensure proper immune responses. Physicochemical parameters like liposome size, charge, lamellarity and bilayer fluidity must be completely understood to ensure optimal vaccine stability and efficacy. Liposomal vaccines can be developed to target specific immune cell types for the induction of certain immune responses. In this review, we will present promising liposomal vaccine approaches for the treatment of important viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections (including tuberculosis, TB). Cationic liposomes are the most studied liposome types due to their enhanced interaction with the negatively charged immune cells. Thus, a special section on the cationic lipid dimethyldioctadecylammonium and TB is also presented.
Lateral Pancreaticojejunostomy for Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Ductal Dilation in Children.

Abstract Background: Pancreatic ductal obstruction leading to ductal dilation and recurrent pancreatitis is uncommon in children. Treatment is dependent upon etiology but consists of decompression ...
Repeated clinic laparoscopy for the treatment of pelvic adhesions: A pilot study

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and feasibility of repeat outpatient laparoscopy following laparoscopic lysis of extensive pelvic adhesive disease in a standard operating room setting. METHODS In a pilot study, eight patients with chronic pelvic pain associated with severe pelvic and abdominal adhesive disease underwent standard operative laparoscopic adhesiolysis. Tenckhoff catheters were placed in the abdominal wall during the procedure to allow repeat laparoscopy in an outpatient clinic setting with a 2-mm laparoscope. Successful adhesiolysis was documented in follow-up laparoscopy with the Optical Catheter System, performed 3 months later in four patients. RESULTS Laparoscopy via the Tenckhoff catheters was accomplished in 26 of 32 attempts (81.3%). One patient had re-forming adhesions lysed with the Optical Catheter System. Simultaneous vaginal ultrasound enhanced visualization of the cul-de-sac. CONCLUSIONS Outpatient clinic laparoscopy with a 2-mm laparoscope may prove practical for general diagnostic purposes. If validated in controlled trials with larger populations, the procedure may be an effective treatment of pelvic adhesive disease.
The effect of age and teat order on alpha1-acid glycoprotein, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, cortisol, and average daily gain in commercial growing pigs.

The objectives of the study were to evaluate age and teat order on a performance trait, average daily gain, and on physiological stress indicators, α 1 -acid glycoprotein (AGP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (N:L), and cortisol in commercial growing pigs from weaning to market age. Pigs (n = 129) from five commercial California farms were weighed and blood-sampled at 28-d intervals from 28 to 168 d of age. Laboratory assays were performed from blood samples to quantify cortisol, AGP, and N:L. Age and facility effects (P .05), were found for all three physiological traits and ADG. Pigs that routinely suckled from teats 1, 4, or 6 (numbered from anterior to posterior on the upper teat bank) had similar (P>.05) ADG and BW throughout the production cycle. No correlation ( P > .05) was found between cortisol, AGP, and N:L. The use of these physiological and production traits as stress and health indices of growing pigs in commercial facilities has limitations in comparing data between facilities or different ages of pigs.
Carbon Molecular Sieve Membrane Preparation by Economical Coating and Pyrolysis of Porous Polymer Hollow Fibers

Dip coating and pyrolysis processes are used to create multi-layer asymmetric carbon molecular sieve (CMS) hollow fiber membranes with excellent gas separation properties. Coating of an economical engineered support with a high-performance polyimide to create precursor fibers with a dense skin layer reduces material cost by 25-fold compared to monolithic precursors or ceramic supports. CMS permeation results with CO2 /CH4 (50:50) mixed gas feed show attractive CO2 /CH4 selectivity of 58.8 and CO2 permeance of 310 GPU at 35 °C.
“They’ll Give You a Second Chance”: Perceptions of Youth and Caregivers Regarding Their Experiences in a Community-Based Mental Health System of Care

Child-and-family-centered systems of care and the inclusion of child, youth, and family voice represent an alternative to traditional, authoritarian approaches to children’s mental health treatment. Although much has been written about the centrality of child, youth, and family voice in creating responsive and effective mental health systems, the literature contains limited research highlighting the viewpoints of youth and caregivers themselves who have participated in systems of care. Our exploratory study seeks to narrow that gap. Utilizing eight semi-structured youth and caregiver interviews, we assessed the perceptions of youth and their caregivers participating in a community-based mental health system of care. Five primary themes emerged. The families we interviewed described negative previous experiences with mental health treatment and a strong sense of satisfaction with the care they received using a system of care approach. In addition, they expressed appreciation of the quality of relationships developed as a part of their treatment, felt individualized services made treatment more personally meaningful, and were empowered to act as active agents in obtaining future mental health treatment and achieving life goals. Implications for practice and future research are discussed, with the goal that the insights gleaned from our exploratory study can be used to inform future research and practice efforts seeking to incorporate child, youth, and family voice into children’s mental health services.
Borders and belonging: displaced Syrian youth navigating symbolic boundaries in Lebanon

We examine the ways in which young Syrian refugees perceive and navigate the symbolic boundaries of belonging when displaced in Lebanon. Using portraiture, we identify three dimensions of belonging...
Childhood food neglect and adverse experiences associated with DSM-5 eating disorders in U.S. National Sample.

Abstract Objective Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and restricted food access have been associated with risk for eating disorders (EDs). This study examined the relationship between childhood food neglect, an ACE specifically involving restricted food access, and DSM-5-defined EDs in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, with a particular focus on whether the relationship persists after adjusting for other ACEs and family financial difficulties. Methods Participants were 36,145 respondents from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III (NESARC-III) who provided data regarding childhood food neglect. Prevalence rates of lifetime anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge-eating disorder (BED) were determined for those who reported versus denied childhood food neglect. Analyses compared the odds of each ED diagnosis after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics (Model 1) and further adjusting for other ACEs and governmental-financial support during childhood (Model 2). Results Prevalence estimates for AN, BN, and BED with a history of childhood food neglect were 2.80% (SE = 0.81), 0.60% (SE = 0.21), and 3.50% (SE = 0.82), respectively and 0.80% (SE = 0.07), 0.30% (SE = 0.03), and 0.80% (SE = 0.05) for those without a history (all significantly different, p Conclusion Individuals who experience childhood food neglect may be at increased risk for AN and BED and the elevated risk exists after adjusting for other adverse experiences and financial difficulties during childhood.
Trends in self-rated health by union status and education, 2000-2018.

Abstract Previous research has documented changes in health differentials by marital status over time. However, recent shifts in family patterns and continuing socioeconomic changes necessitate analyses of more recent changes in union status and self-rated health. Using pooled data from the 2000–2018 National Health Interview Survey (n = 788,829), this study examines educational differences in trends in self-rated health among married, cohabiting, previously-married, and never-married adults. The results of a series of logistic regression models show increasing divergence in self-rated health by union status and by education, driven mostly by declining self-assessed health in middle educational strata (high school graduate and some college), and among single adults, particularly never-married adults. The findings add to the growing evidence of increasing social class divide in family and health outcomes. Evolving trends in self-rated health by union status and education have important implications for programs promoting health and wellbeing across families.
An inherently infinite-dimensional quantum correlation

Bell’s theorem, a landmark result in the foundations of physics, establishes that quantum mechanics is a non-local theory. It asserts, in particular, that two spatially separated, but entangled, quantum systems can be correlated in a way that cannot be mimicked by classical systems. A direct operational consequence of Bell’s theorem is the existence of statistical tests which can detect the presence of entanglement. Remarkably, certain correlations not only witness entanglement, but they give quantitative bounds on the minimum dimension of quantum systems attaining them. In this work, we show that there exists a correlation which is not attainable by quantum systems of any arbitrary finite dimension, but is attained exclusively by infinite-dimensional quantum systems (such as infinite-level systems arising from quantum harmonic oscillators). This answers the long-standing open question about the existence of a finite correlation witnessing infinite entanglement.
Time- and population-dependent genetic patterns underlie bovine milk somatic cell count

The objective of this study was to determine whether genetic regulation of bovine milk somatic cell count (SCC) varied throughout the course of an individual lactation and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) that may differentiate populations of chronically mastitic and robustly healthy cows. Milk SCC has long been a proxy for clinical mastitis diagnosis in management and genetic improvement strategies to control the disease. Cows (n = 471) were genotyped on the Illumina BovineHD 777K BeadChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA), and composite milk samples were collected for SCC at 0-1 d in milk (DIM), 3-5 DIM, 10-14 DIM, 90-110 DIM, and 210-230 DIM, with each time span representing key physiological transitions for the cow. Median lactation somatic cell score (SCS) and area under the SCS curve were calculated from farm test data. A total of 8 genome-wide associations were performed and 167 SNP spanning the genome were significantly associated (false discovery rate 4 from 10-14 DIM until study end), and average cows with fluctuating SCS, and calculated fixation indices to identify regions of the genome differentiating these 3 populations. A total of 12 SNP were identified that showed moderate allelic differentiation (Wright's F statistic, FST ≥ 0.4) between the "chronic," "healthy," and "average" populations of cows. Candidate genes in the region surrounding differentiated QTL were related to cell signaling and immune response, such as JAKMIP1 and MADCAM1. The wide range of significantly associated QTL spanning the genome and the diversity of gene functions reinforces that mastitis is a complex trait and suggests that selection based on lactation stage-specific SCS rather than a generalized score may lead to greater success in breeding mastitis-resistant cows.
Vorticity and Thermodynamics in a Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric River

This paper examines the interaction of tropical moisture with an atmospheric river. The analysis of this paperis focused mainly on dropsonde data collected during the fifth day of the Convective Processes Experiment(CPEX). An area of interest is chosen over the central Gulf of Mexico, where the remnant moisture of thetropical system Beatriz penetrated from the Eastern Pacific after making landfall in the western coast ofMexico. Results in this study show an eastward-tilting pattern of enhanced mid-level vorticity, coupled withhigh saturation fraction and low instability index in the predominantly stratiform regime present in theregion. An inverse relation between saturation fraction and instability index, as indicated by moisturequasi-equilibrium (MQE), is found in a previously-dominant convective regime. Strong vertical shear signalsthat the vorticity pattern within this stratiform system is being advected poleward into mid-latitudes.Poleward-moving moisture plumes in narrow channels called atmospheric rivers (ARs) are observed during themission. We provide insights into vorticity and MQE as conceptual tools to characterize the moisturemechanism of atmospheric rivers near the tropics, where the physical processes behind these river-likestructures are less well-understood.
Is It Better to Be Objectively Wrong or Subjectively Right?: Testing the Accuracy and Consistency of the Munsell Capsure Spectrocolorimeter for Archaeological Applications

For many years, archaeologists have relied on Munsell Soil Color Charts (MSCC) as tools for standardizing the recording of soil and sediment colors in the field and artifacts such as pottery in the lab. Users have identified multiple potential sources of discrepancy in results, such as differences in inter-operator perception, light source, or moisture content of samples. In recent years, researchers have developed inexpensive digital methods for color identification, but these typically cannot be done in real time. Now, a field-ready digital color-matching instrument is marketed to archaeologists as a replacement for MSCC, but the accuracy and overall suitability of this device for archaeological research has not been demonstrated. Through three separate field and laboratory trials, we found systematic mismatches in the results obtained via device, including variable accuracy against standardized MSCC chips, which should represent ideal samples. At the same time, the instrument was consistent in its readings. This leads us to question whether using the “subjective” human eye or the “objective” digital eye is preferable for data recording of color. We discuss how project goals and limitations should be considered when deciding which color-recording method to employ in field and laboratory settings, and we identify optimal procedures.
Trousseau’s sign and QT prolongation in hypocalcaemia

A 65-year-old woman presented to the hospital with severe weakness, muscle cramps and lower extremity contractures. She had a medical history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. She also had amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis with multinodular
INFLUENCE OF PURIFICATION ON GLASS FORMABILITY AND THERMOSTABILITY OF METALLIC GLASS Ni_(75)B_(17)Si_8

The glass formability of Ni_(75)B_(17)Si_8 alloy melt and the thermostability of this metallic glass formed from the melt can be enhanced by eliminating the heterogeneous catalysts. The purification was done by cyclically superheating the melt in special glasses and subsequently cyclically superheating it in electromagnetic levitation apparatus. The purified Ni_(75)B_(17)Si_8 amorphous sample sized up to 20×10× 0.5 mm was prepared as four times the thickness of unpurified ones.
Patient Characteristics and Perspectives of Firearm Safety Discussions in the Emergency Department.

Introduction Firearm injury prevention discussions with emergency department (ED) patients provide a unique opportunity to prevent death and injury in high-risk patient groups. Building mutual understanding of safe firearm practices between patients and providers will aid the development of effective interventions. Examining ED patient baseline characteristics, perspectives on healthcare-based safety discussions, and experience with and access to firearms, will allow practitioners to craft more effective messaging and interventions. Methods Using an institutional review board-approved cross-sectional survey modified from a validated national instrument, we recruited 625 patients from three large, urban, academically affiliated EDs in the South to assess patient baseline characteristics, perspectives regarding firearms and firearm safety discussions, and prior violence history, as well as firearm access and safety habits. We compared the degree to which patients were open to discussions regarding firearms across a variety of provider types and clinical scenarios between those with and without gun access. Results Of the 625 patients consented and eligible for the study, 306 had access to firearms. The patients with firearm access were predominantly male, were more likely to have military experience, live in an urban or suburban region, and have experienced prior violence when compared to those without firearm access. Patients with and without gun access view firearm safety discussions with their healthcare provider as acceptable and analogous to other behavioral health interventions (i.e., helmet/seat belt use, alcohol/cigarette use). Patients were also accepting of these firearm safety discussions in many clinical contexts and led by multiple provider types. Of the patients with gun access, storage of each type of firearm was reviewed and the primary reason for ownership was for personal protection across all firearm types. Conclusion Patients in the ED indicate openness to firearm safety discussions delivered by a variety of providers and in diverse clinical scenarios. Healthcare providers engaging firearm owners in appropriate risk-benefit discussions using a trauma-informed approach is a critical next step in research and intervention.
Stolen Skin and Children Thrown: Governing sex and abortion in early modern South Asia

What did women's bodies in pre-colonial South Asia have to do with the birth of capitalism? South Asia's pre-colonial integration into a globally emerging, early modern capitalist order reached deep into the hinterland to transform both state and society in eighteenth-century Marwar. Driving the change was an emergent elite, consisting largely of merchants, that channelled its energies towards reshaping caste. Merchants, in alliance with Brahmans, used their influence upon the state to adjudicate the boundary between the ‘illicit’ and the ‘licit,’ generating in the process a typology and an archive of deviant sex. In the legal framework that generated this archive, women were configured as passive recipients of sexual acts, lacking sexual personhood in law. Even as they escaped legal culpability for ‘illicit’ sex, women experienced, through this body of judgments, a strengthening of male proprietary controls over their bodies. Alongside, the criminalization of abortion served as a means of sexual disciplining. These findings suggest that post-Mughal, pre-colonial state formation in South Asia intersected with global economic transformations to generate new sex-caste orders and archival bodies.
Clinical trial registration and the ICMJE.

To the Editor: Calls to establish a comprehensive clinical trial registry are welcome. As registry supporters point out, the failure to publicize full trial data denies physicians and patients valuable information and unjustifiably diminishes the contributions of researchers and trial participants. The lack of a comprehensive trial registry has another negative consequence: it fosters the general perception that investigational interventions are better than existing alternatives. When this perception guides patients, they enroll in trials assuming that they will receive cutting-edge therapy. If negative and inconclusive trial results were widely reported, the public would receive an accurate picture of medicine’s slow and incremental advances. Such reporting could also raise awareness that research is done to advance knowledge, not to provide individual trial participants with the best treatment. In 1997, Congress directed health officials to establish www.clinicaltrials.gov as a national registry so that patients could locate trials relevant to their conditions. Unfortunately, the registry contains information that could encourage patients to equate trial participation with optimal patient care. For example, in its “Introduction to Clinical Trials,” the ClinicalTrials.gov Web site calls investigational interventions “new treatments” or “new therapies,” which is inappropriate in a discussion that covers placebocontrolled and phase 1 trials.
Morphological convergence during pregnancy among predator and nonpredator populations of the livebearing fish Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora (Teleostei: Poeciliidae)

Predation can drive morphological divergence in prey populations, although examples of divergent selection are typically limited to nonreproductive individuals. In livebearing females, shape often changes drastically during pregnancy, reducing speed and mobility and enhancing susceptibility to predation. In the present study, we document morphological divergence among populations of nonreproductive female livebearing fish (Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora) in predator and nonpredator environments. We then test the hypothesis that shape differences among nonreproductive females are maintained among reproductive females between predator and nonpredator environments. Nonreproductive females in predator environments had larger caudal regions and more fusiform bodies than females in nonpredator environments; traits that are associated with burst speed in fish. Shape differences were maintained in reproductive females, although the magnitude of this difference declined relative to nonreproductive females, suggesting morphological convergence during pregnancy. Phenotypic change vector analysis revealed that females in predator environments became more similar to females in nonpredator environments in the transition from nonreproductive to reproductive. Furthermore, the level of reproductive allocation affected shape similarly between predator environments. These results suggest a life-history constraint on morphology, in which predator-driven morphological divergence among nonreproductive B. rhabdophora is not maintained at the same level during pregnancy. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 104, 386–392. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: geometric morphometrics – life history – morphology – predation – trade-off.
Fibrinogen, red blood cells, and factor XIII in venous thrombosis

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Among cardiovascular causes of death, venous thrombosis (VT) is ranked third most common in the world. Venous thrombi have high red blood cell and fibrin content; however, the pathophysiologic mechanisms that contribute to venous thrombus composition and stability are still poorly understood. This article reviews biological, biochemical, and biophysical contributions of fibrinogen, factor XIII, and red blood cells to VT, and new evidence suggesting interactions between these components mediate venous thrombus composition and size.
PI3K/Akt signalling-mediated protein surface expression sensed by 14-3-3 interacting motif.

The regulation of protein expression on the cell surface membrane is an important component of the cellular response to extracellular signalling. The translation of extracellular signalling into specific protein localization often involves the post-translational modification of cargo proteins. Using a genetic screen of random peptides, we have previously identified a group of C-terminal sequences, represented by RGRSWTY-COOH (termed ‘SWTY’), which are capable of overriding an endoplasmic reticulum localization signal and directing membrane proteins to the cell surface via specific binding to 14-3-3 proteins. The identity of the kinase signalling pathways that drive phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding of the SWTY sequence is not known. In this study, we report that the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway by the over-expression of active kinases, stimulation with fetal bovine serum or growth factors can: (a) phosphorylate the SWTY sequence; (b) recruit 14-3-3 proteins to SWTY; and (c) promote surface expression of the chimeric potassium channel fused with the SWTY sequence. The expression of the dominant negative Akt inhibited the enhancement of surface expression by fetal bovine serum. In addition, the activation of PI3K significantly enhanced the 14-3-3 association and cell surface expression of GPR15, a G protein-coupled receptor which carries an endogenous SWTY-like, C-terminal, 14-3-3 binding sequence and is known to serve as a HIV co-receptor. Given the wealth and specificity of both kinase activity and 14-3-3 binding sequences, our results suggest that the C-terminal SWTY-like motif may serve as a sensor that can selectively induce the cell surface expression of membrane proteins in response to different extracellular signals. Structured digital abstract • MINT-7233053: PKA (uniprotkb:P17612) phosphorylates (MI:0217) Kir2.1 (uniprotkb:P35561) by protein kinase assay (MI:0424) • MINT-7233066: GPR15 (uniprotkb:Q9BG77) physically interacts (MI:0915) with 14-3-3 protein beta (uniprotkb:P31946) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
The bone matrix adjacent to lacunae and canaliculi

Three techniques, phase contrast microscopy, microradiography, and electron microscopy, have been used to study the variation in mineralization and presence of collagen fibers in the bone matrix adjacent to lacunae and canaliculi. Undecalcified, partially decalcified and fully decalcified sections of normal bone from old individuals have been studied. No stains were used. A fairly good correlation of the results obtained with these techniques could be demonstrated as far as the degree of mineralization is concerned. A zone of modified matrix is found adjacent to lacunae and canaliculi and this zone is prone to hypermineralization. In certain areas, especially in interstitial bone, lacunae may become completely obliterated with a hypermineralized material. Collagen fibers are found at the surface of the lumen of lacunae and canaliculi. The arrangement of these fibers is in most cases different from that in the adjoining bone matrix producing a well delimited zone which separates the lacunae and canaliculi from the rest of the matrix. Microradiography of bone sections partially decalcified in EDTA indicates that decalcification in vitro may result in an initial preferential decalcification of areas previously hypercalcified.
Ability of the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy Practice Test to Estimate the Probability of First-Time Pass Status on the National Certification Exam.

Objective To estimate the ability of the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT) practice test to predict first-time pass status on the NBCOT Occupational Therapist Registered exam. Method Performance ratios for the four NBCOT practice test domains were used to develop a logistic regression model for estimating the probability of first-time pass status on the NBCOT exam. Results Of 65 students who graduated during academic years 2010-2013, 41 (63%) attained first-time pass status. The logistic regression model was a good fit. The variance explained ranged from 22% to 29%. The odds of first-time no-pass status were associated with performance ratios on Domains 1 and 2 but not Domains 3 and 4. Conclusion To maximize the probability of students' attaining first-time pass status, faculty should consider ways to increase their exposure to the tasks and skills required for implementation of intervention plans (Domains 3 and 4).
Rectus Femoris Transfer Improves Stiff Knee Gait in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Background Stiff knee gait is common among children with ambulatory cerebral palsy (CP). When surgery is indicated, rectus femoris transfer as a primary treatment enhances knee range of motion, reduces time to peak knee flexion, increases peak knee flexion, and reduces toe drag.
Double ionization of He(1s2) and He(1s2s 3S) by a single high-energy photon.

We have calculated the energy and angular distributions for double ionization of He(1[ital s][sup 2]) and He(1[ital s]2[ital s] [sup 3][ital S]) by one photon, over a range of photon energies up to a few keV. The calculations were based on using a fairly accurate initial-state wave function, determined so as to exactly satisfy the Kato cusp conditions, and a final-state wave function which is a product of three Coulomb wave functions modified by a short-range correction term. There are at least three different mechanisms for double ionization, and each one leaves a mark on the angular distribution. When the energies of the two electrons are equal, the contribution of each mechanism to the angular asymmetry parameter can be estimated on theoretical grounds; we compare these estimates with the calculated results to give a further indication of the roles of the various mechanisms. Concerning the shapes of the energy and angular distributions, we find significant differences between double ionization of singlet and triplet helium; in particular, the probability for one high-energy photon to eject two equal-energy electrons from triplet helium nearly vanishes owing to the Pauli exclusion principle and to interference effects resulting from antisymmetrization. In two appendixes we presentmore » some details of the integration involved in the calculations.« less