cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Weak radiative B decays

We study the (tree-level) weak radiative decays of $B$ mesons. We present a numerical estimate for the inclusive $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}_{c}\ensuremath{\gamma}(\ensuremath{\gamma})$ modes based on the free-quark decay. We then review what is known for the $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{\ensuremath{\star}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ modes in the framework of heavy quark effective theory and chiral perturbation theory. Finally, we extend these ideas to the double radiative decay modes $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$. We find that the $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}_{c}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rate is about an order of magnitude larger than the corresponding $b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{X}_{s}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rate. We also find the branching ratio for the $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}D\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ mode with most favorable CKM angles at the $\mathrm{\text{few}}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ level, comparable to predictions for $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}K\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$.
The Relationship Between Health Information Seeking and Community Participation: The Roles of Health Information Orientation and Efficacy

Health communication scholarship has built on the health-promoting role of the community in exploring participatory communication techniques in community-based health promotion efforts. Community participation inculcates responsibility, strengthens community bonds, and provides a platform for diffusing health interventions. This power of a community to embody responsible action and promote participation in preventive behavior is examined in recent research on social capital. Exploring the link between community participation and health, this article demonstrates, through 2 survey studies, that health information orientation and health information efficacy are positively correlated with community participation. Furthermore, community participation is linked with prevention orientation, health beliefs, and health behaviors. Based on the findings, theoretical and pragmatic suggestions are presented.
Computer automated non-invasive arterial pressure measurement. II. Microcontroller-based system

For pt. I, see ibid., p.581-3 (1990). An outline for the design of a non-invasive arterial pressure measurement system, for use with a rabbit model of AR/MR induced left-heart failure, is presented. The hardware and software are described. The device, which is built around a microcontroller, is the distillation of a PC-based system presented earlier. The architectural differences between microcomputers and microcontrollers, which can affect the porting of a computer-based design to one involving a controller, are highlighted, and the impact of these differences on the design synthesis is discussed. >
Pamidronate used to attenuate post-renal transplant bone loss is not associated with renal dysfunction

Background. Pamidronate is a second-generation bisphosphonate that has been used to attenuate postrenal transplant bone loss, but its effect on the function of the renal allograft is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the long-term renal function in 57 subjects who had participated in a prospective, randomized clinical trial using pamidronate to attenuate bone loss in the renal transplant recipient. Methods. Thirty subjects (PAM) received intravenous pamidronate, 60 mg at baseline post-transplant and 30 mg in months 1, 2, 3 and 6 post-transplant, while 27 subjects (CON) did not receive pamidronate. We followed renal function, need for renal replacement therapy following transplant rejection, and mortality for 3 years following the start of the original study. Results. PAM did not have increased incidence of renal dysfunction or mortality compared with CON at any time point during the 3 years of follow-up. The incidence of proteinuria was also not different between the two groups. Conclusions. The prophylactic use of pamidronate in the above doses to attenuate bone loss in renal transplant recipients is not associated with higher incidence of renal dysfunction or mortality in a 3 year follow-up study. These findings may support the use of bisphosphonates in the treatment of early renal transplant-related bone loss.
Implantation of a synthetic cornea: design, development and biological response.

: Our goal was to evaluate 3 different designs of synthetic corneas in vivo. All devices had a transparent hydrogel center molded to a porous peripheral skirt. Over 30 devices were implanted into rabbits and followed for up to 6 months. The devices were preseeded with rabbit stromal fibroblasts, which enhanced the rate of fibroplasia. The anterior surface of the hydrogel was modified using argon of plasma treatments. Clinical examinations were performed, and histological analyses were conducted on tissue throughout the time course. Our optimal model ranged from 4.5 to 6 mm and had an extended porous skirt increasing the surface area for fibroplasia and ultimate anchorage of the device. Fibroplasia occurred in this model, and collagen was detected by 28 days. The anterior chamber was normal with no detectable leakage of aqueous humor. Glycosaminoglycans were detected and followed the time course outlined previously when porous material itself was inserted into the stroma. We present the first demonstration that rabbit limbal epithelial cells can migrate onto the synthetic cornea in vivo.
A parsimonious alternative to the pacemaker/accumulator process in animal timing.

Models of animal timing often assume the existence of a pacemaker whose variance is produced by a Poisson process. Later stages in these models typically include an accumulator, additional sources of variance, and a process in which the accumulated value is compared to reference memory. Together, these stages produce a constant coefficient of variation (i.e. the `scalar property,' often observed in experiments) even though at least one of the sources of variance is not scalar. We propose a more parsimonious source of scalar variance. We define a linear failure rate function and demonstrate that its resulting distribution function, called the Rayleigh distribution, always produces the scalar property without requiring: (a) additional sources of variance, or (b) that comparisons with reference memory always be based on ratios. Continuous and discrete versions of this model are derived. This model may serve as a more parsimonious pacemaker than others currently proposed and may replace the pacemaker/accumulator process in timing models.
DNA and protein microarray printing on silicon nitride waveguide surfaces

Sputtered silicon nitride optical waveguide surfaces were silanized and modified with a hetero-bifunctional crosslinker to facilitate thiol-reactive immobilization of contact-printed DNA probe oligonucleotides, streptavidin and murine anti-human interleukin-1β capture agents in microarray formats. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to characterize each reaction sequence on the native silicon oxynitride surface. Thiol-terminated DNA probe oligonucleotides exhibited substantially higher surface printing immobilization and target hybridization efficiencies than non-thiolated DNA probe oligonucleotides: strong fluorescence signals from target DNA hybridization supported successful DNA oligonucleotide probe microarray fabrication and specific capture bioactivity. Analogously printed arrays of thiolated streptavidin and non-thiolated streptavidin did not exhibit noticeable differences in either surface immobilization or analyte capture assay signals. Non-thiolated anti-human interleukin-1β printed on modified silicon nitride surfaces reactive to thiol chemistry exhibited comparable performance for capturing human interleukin-1β analyte to commercial amine-reactive microarraying polymer surfaces in sandwich immunoassays, indicating substantial non-specific antibody-surface capture responsible for analyte capture signal.
“It's the Black Girls That Have the Most”: Foodways Narratives and the Construction of Race in a Women's Prison

Prison foodways narratives can expand knowledge about cultural beliefs and perceptions of correctional systems. This exploratory analysis, based in qualitative interview data, seeks to initiate dialogue about the ways in which formerly incarcerated women in the US deploy racialized food narratives when describing the acquisition, preparation, and consumption of prison food. The participants’ food narratives construct prison as a non-white space that is better matched for African-American and Latina women, reinforcing and enacting larger cultural notions about incarceration. This opening analysis calls for more research and deliberation about how prison foodways narratives contribute to understandings about and perceptions of correctional systems and incarcerated people.
The heightened inflammatory response makes females are more susceptible to F. tularensis-mediated death (INM1P.444)

The zoonotic infectious disease, Francisella tularensis , the causative agent for human tularemia, elicits high cytokine levels as a result of rampant inflammation, a condition referred to as “cytokine storm.” This cytokine storm is responsible for the severity of symptoms and ultimately for the death of the host. Though men have a tendency to be exposed to the pathogen more frequently than women, do to its presence in wild animals, women have a significantly greater inflammatory response than do men. Therefore, we asked whether their enhanced inflammatory response might make women more susceptible to tularemia-mediated death. Male and female mice were infected with F. tularensis and their survival and inflammatory response monitored. Subsequently, the role of sex hormones was considered by infecting gonadectomized mice. On average, 15% female mice survived infection compared with 90% of male mice. In addition, the female mice displayed an increased serum cytokine storm compared with male mice despite similar levels of bacterial growth. We seek to identify the factors controlling this increased susceptibility of female mice. This line of investigation may lead to the development of novel therapeutics and/or treatment strategies specific to women exposed to F. tularensis .
Formal correlates of focussing in Kimatuumbi

Many African languages have a system of grammatical focusing which pragmatically highlights certain elements of a sentence. Such systems of focus often have significant consequences in the syntax and morphology of languages, in that selection of a particular type of focal morphology prevents syntactic rules from applying (or forces syntactic rules to apply). This paper investigates the focusing system of one Bantu language, Kimatuumbi. It is argued that the optimal account of Kimatuumbi focus is to allow the syntactic rules to apply blindly and to filter out the unacceptable conflicts in focus via a pragmatic filter.
THE PRIMARY CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIBOLIUM POPULATIONS GROUP SELECTED FOR INCREASED AND DECREASED POPULATION SIZE.

A recent experimental study of the effect of group and individual selection on population size in the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Wade, 1976, 1977) showed that both the group and individual selection treatments resulted in changes in the mean numbers of adult beetles. These changes in mean adult numbers occurred rapidly, often within two or three generations, and were large in magnitude, the population size in the group selection treatments differing from that of the control by over 50%. In this paper I will elucidate the genetic and ecological mechanisms responsible for the observed changes in population size. I begin by reviewing briefly the major populational results and notation of the selection experiments, because all of the data reported here will be discussed in the context of the earlier study. The group selection experiment (Wade, 1976, 1977) consisted of four treatments (48 populations per treatment) labelled for purpose of discussion as follows: Treatment Aselection by the differential extinction and recolonization of populations, i.e., group selection, for greater numbers of adults per population; Treatment B-group selection for fewer numbers of adults per population; Treatment C-no group selection, individual selection within populations was allowed to determine the numbers of adults; Treatment D-random group selection, selection and recolonization of populations were carried out by means of a table of random numbers (cf. Wade, 1976, 1977, for details of the experimental design). After nine generations of selection, the average adult population sizes and the standard errors of the means were 178 ? 8.23 for the A treatment, 20 ? .58 for B, 49 + 5.92 for C, and 69 + 6.35 for D. The relationship among the means of A> D> C > B was highly significant (P < .005, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, 48 observations per treatment). In this paper I present the results of experiments designed to reveal treatment similarities and dissimilarities with respect to those "primary characteristics" (cf. 1 through 4 below) and "group interactions" (cf. 5 below) (Park et al., 1961) which are known to influence population size in Tribolium (cf. King and Dawson, 1972; Mertz, 1972; Sokoloff, 1974; for detailed and comprehensive reviews). The characteristics assayed from populations of each of the four treatments were as follows:
D2-like dopamine receptor density in Tourette syndrome measured by PET.

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a chronic neurologic disorder characterized by the presence of involuntary motor and phonic tics. There is evidence that TS is associated with an abnormality of the dopaminergic system, involving postsynaptic D2 receptors. We tested the hypothesis that D2-like dopamine receptors are elevated in TS. Methods: Twenty-nine adult patients with TS were studied by PET imaging with [ 11 C]3-N-methylspiperone ([ 11 C]NMSP). Two methods of data analysis were used. The first was a caudate-to-cerebellar ratio, measured at 45 min. The second method, applied in 20 subjects, was a two-PET scan procedure. Both used high specific activity [ 11 C]NMSP, but the second scan was preceded by a dose of unlabeled haloperidol, which partially occupied the D2-like dopamine receptors. This was done to provide an absolute measure of receptor density (B max ). All patients were compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Results: Neither group showed significant differences from their control group in caudate-to-cerebellar ratio. However, the two-PET scan B max measurement demonstrated that 4 of the 20 patients had significantly elevated D2-like receptors. In this group of 20 patients, multiple linear regression analysis revealed a trend between the severity of vocal tics and B max values. This B max measure also revealed a significant (p < 0.05) association with performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Conclusion: These findings suggest that not all patients with TS have an abnormality of D2-like receptors, but a subgroup of TS subjects has a significant D2-like dopamine receptor elevation. These findings also support the importance of applying a more quantitative method for B max determination to PET imaging analysis. The B max findings in the subgroup do not exclude an effect of intrasynaptic dopamine competition, but this effect may be less likely due to the high affinity of [ 11G ]NMSP.
Filling Pews and Voting Booths: The Role of Politicization in Congregational Growth

Declines in religious affiliation and church attendance in the United States have been well-documented, which political scientists often attribute to the prominence of the Religious Right in American politics. These scholars posit that the politicization of religion deters religious participation, especially among those on the political and theological left. However, the existing research looks only at aggregate trends in the involvement of religious organizations in politics and levels of religious participation. Using data from the National Congregations Study, a representative sample of American congregations, we examine the impact of politicization on church membership rates at the congregational level. Employing ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and cross-lagged structural equation models, we show that more politically active congregations were more likely to see growth in membership over time. Using data from the General Social Survey, we also offer evidence that partisans on both ends of the ...
Severity of Menopausal Symptoms and Nicotine Dependence amongst Postmenopausal Women Smokers

Rationale: Cigarette smoking has antiestrogenic properties, which may worsen the symptoms and health risks associated with menopause. Objectives: In the present study, it was hypothesised that menopausal symptoms would improve with smoking abstinence. Methods: Postmenopausal smokers (n = 76) were assessed with the Kupperman Index (KI) of menopausal symptoms and smoking-related indices of nicotine dependence, cotinine level, cigarettes per day (CPD), and number of years smoking. Results: Participants were 67% Caucasian, 33% African-American, 52.3(SD = 7.8) mean years of age, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level, m = 42.6(SD = 25.7) mlU/ml, mean number of months since last menses was 145.1(SD = 118.9), and mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.4(SD = 6.2). Mean cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) was 20.3(SD = 11.5), for m = 29.4(SD = 10.7) years; m = 6.4(SD = 2.1) Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), m = 23.8(SD = 13.0) ppm carbon monoxide, and m = 19.7(SD = 12.5) KI total score. Most participants (78.9%) were currently taking hormone therapy (HT). Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that FTND (β = 0.48, p = 0.001) and cotinine level (β = −0.27, p = 0.02) predicted KI scores at baseline. Amongst participants (n = 65) who achieved abstinence for 2 weeks, number of years smoking predicted KI scores (β = 0.38, p = 0.01). At 8 weeks postcessation, CPD significantly predicted of KI scores (β = −0.74), p = 0.04). Conclusions: With abstinence from smoking, the overall severity of menopausal symptoms decreased and shared variance with different smoking-related variables. The temporal and cessation-related symptom course identified in this study will be important in informing cessation interventions with this population of smokers.
The Inter-War Years

Three major arms conferences addressed the subject of chemical warfare during the inter-war years: the Washington Arms Conference of 1922, the Geneva Conference of 1925, and the World Disarmament Conference, which lasted nine years from 1926 to 1934.
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid (20-HETE) Modulates Canonical Transient Receptor Potential-6 (TRPC6) Channels in Podocytes.

The arachidonic acid metabolite 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) regulates renal function, including changes in glomerular function evoked during tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). This study describes the cellular actions of 20-HETE on cultured podocytes, assessed by whole-cell recordings from cultured podocytes combined with pharmacological and cell-biological manipulations of cells. Bath superfusion of 20-HETE activates cationic currents that are blocked by the pan-TRP blocker SKF-96365 and by 50 μM La3+, and which are attenuated after siRNA knockdown of TRPC6 subunits. Similar currents are evoked by a membrane-permeable analog of diacylgycerol (OAG), but OAG does not occlude responses to maximally-activating concentrations of 20-HETE (20 μM). Exposure to 20-HETE also increased steady-state surface abundance of TRPC6 subunits in podocytes as assessed by cell-surface biotinylation assays, and increased cytosolic concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS). TRPC6 activation by 20-HETE was eliminated in cells pretreated with TEMPOL, a membrane-permeable superoxide dismutase mimic. Activation of TRPC6 by 20-HETE was also blocked when whole-cell recording pipettes contained GDP-βS, indicating a role for either small or heterotrimeric G proteins in the transduction cascade. Responses to 20-HETE were eliminated by siRNA knockdown of podocin, a protein that organizes NADPH oxidase complexes with TRPC6 subunits in this cell type. In summary, modulation of ionic channels in podocytes may contribute to glomerular actions of 20-HETE.
Improved Protein Conjugation with Uniform, Macroporous Poly(Acrylamide-co-Acrylic Acid) Hydrogel Microspheres via EDC/NHS Chemistry

We demonstrate a robust and tunable micromolding method to fabricate chemically functional poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (p(AAm-co-AA)) hydrogel microspheres with uniform dimensions and controlled porous network structures for rapid biomacromolecular conjugation. Specifically, p(AAm-co-AA) microspheres with abundant carboxylate functional groups are fabricated via surface-tension-induced droplet formation in patterned poly(dimethylsiloxane) molds and photoinduced radical polymerization. To demonstrate the chemical functionality, we enlisted rapid EDC/NHS (1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)) chemistry for fluorescent labeling of the microspheres with small-molecule dye fluorescein glycine amide. Epifluorescence imaging results illustrate the uniform incorporation of carboxylate groups within the microspheres and rapid conjugation kinetics. Furthermore, protein conjugation results using red fluorescent protein R-phycoerythrin demonstrate the highly porous...
Bioenergetics and Properties and Function of Proteins in Excitable Membranes Associated with Bioelectrogenesis

Professor H. H. Weber has outlined in his lecture some of the fundamental notions and concepts of cellular mechanisms which resulted from Meyerhof’S work on muscle, and the impact which they had on biology as a whole. These notions have inspired and deeply influenced the investigations to be presented in this lecture, i.e., on the properties and function of proteins and enzymes of excitable membranes associated with the permeability changes during electrical activity and involved in the conduction of nerve impulses. The feelings of affection of the writer for his teacher and friend have been expressed on several occasions [1–3]. Due to his remarkable personality, Meyerhof attracted an unusual group of people. Even before joining Meyerhof, the writer was fortunate to have worked with H. H. Weber, who greatly advanced his knowledge of the physical chemistry of proteins. Among the contemporaries in Meyerhof’S laboratory were Severo Ochoa, Fritz Lipmann, Karl Lohmann, Hermann Blaschko. The frequent and stimulating discussions between the members of this group in addition to those with Meyerhof had an important influence on their thinking. Moreover, the inspiring atmosphere and the sharing of ideas favored the formation of strong bonds of friendship.
Quality of Care and Disparities in Obstetrics

Growing attention is being paid to obstetric quality of care as patients are pressing the health care system to measure and improve quality. There is also an increasing recognition of persistent racial and ethnic disparities prevalent in obstetric outcomes. Yet few studies have linked obstetric quality of care with racial and ethnic disparities. This article reviews definitions of quality of care, health disparities, and health equity as they relate to obstetric care and outcomes; describes current efforts and challenges in obstetric quality measurement; and proposes 3 steps in an effort to develop, track, and improve quality and reduce disparities in obstetrics.
Measuring Force-Chains in Opaque Granular Matter Under Shear

Microstructural information, such as inter-particle forces and particle kinematics, plays a key role in understanding the continuum behavior of complex granular structure. Although micromechanical techniques have provided tremendous insights, they still lack quantitative accuracy and, associated with this, capacity to predict macroscopic behavior. We report here a set of experiments performed on a novel mechanical device in which we have successfully extracted particle-scale kinematics and inter-particle forces in a two-dimensional idealized granular assembly. This mechanical device allows a specimen composed of a two-dimensional analogue granular assembly to be subjected to quasi-static shear conditions over large deformation. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is employed to measure particle kinematics. The inter-particle forces are inferred using the Granular Element Method (GEM), provided that average particle strains are measured and that the location of the contact points in the array is known. DIC combined with GEM allow us to observe and assess the force distribution in the complex granular assembly. These results represent an important step in our understanding of the micromechanical response of a complex granular assembly to applied macroscopic strains and stresses.
The Unintended Consequences of Bank Stress Tests

Stress tests are assessments conducted by regulators to determine whether banks have sufficient capital buffers to withstand severe recessions. Unlike ordinary bank examinations, stress tests involve forward-looking scenarios and their results are publicly disclosed. This paper is the first study to show the consequences of bank stress tests. My estimates indicate that there is a negative causal impact of capital adequacy requirements on managerial decisions in the U.S. banking system. Managers make real decisions regarding restructuring problematic loans or removing them completely from their books. Stress-tested banks reduce net loan charge-offs and keep problematic loans on their books to a greater extent than banks in a non-tested group to meet the capital ratio requirements. Managers increase the level of non-performing loans in the aftermath of stress tests announcement. Stress-tested banks with greater exposure to the housing market change the classification of loan losses to a greater extent than other banks. The study’s results remain robust using mid-sized banks that have been subject to the latest rounds of stress tests.
ISOTOPE EFFECTS ON IONIC CURRENTS AND INTRAMEMBRANE CHARGE MOVEMENTS IN MYXICOLA AXONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR MODELS OF SODIUM CHANNEL GATING

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the isotope effects on ionic currents and intramembrane charge movements in myxicola axons. In myxicola axons, a process of slow sodium inactivation exists with time constants in the range of 1–10 s, which is distinct from the h-inactivation. The degree to which slow inactivation exists varies in different preparations and can be modified by pharmacological and enzymatic treatments. It is found that if an experiment is performed in which an axon is repetitively depolarized at frequencies of 0.1–50 Hz, then both peak decreases by similar amounts over the entire frequency range and both can be nearly completely eliminated at 50 Hz. Similarly, the presence of a depolarizing prepulse inactivates INa and reduces Ig as measured during a subsequent, fixed test pulse, and the magnitude and time course of the decreases in both are identical. Such results suggest that the measured Ig in fact arises from charges associated with the Na+ channel because repetitive depolarization and prepulse inactivation in Myxicola are completely specific for gNa and do not alter Na+ channel kinetics, K+ currents, or any resting membrane properties.
Isolation of Genomic Deoxyxylulose Phosphate Reductoisomerase (DXR) Mutations Conferring Resistance to Fosmidomycin

Sequence to activity mapping technologies are rapidly developing, enabling the isolation of mutations that confer novel phenotypes. Here we used the CRISPR EnAbled Trackable genome Engineering (CREATE) technology to investigate the inhibition of the essential IspC gene in Escherichia coli. IspC gene product, Deoxyxylulose Phosphate Reductoisomerase (DXR), converts 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate to 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate in the DXP pathway. Since this pathway is shared with many pathogenic bacteria and protozoa and is missing in humans, it is an appealing target for inhibition. We created a full saturation library of 33 sites proximal to ligand binding and other sites and challenged it with the DXR-specific inhibitor, fosmidomycin. We identified several mutations that confer fosmidomycin resistance. All sites are highly conserved and also exist in pathogens including the malaria-inducing Plasmodium falciparum. These findings may have general implications on the isolation of resistance-conferring mutations and specifically, may affect the design of future generations of fosmidomycin-based drugs.
Year-round monitoring reveals prevalence of fatal bird-window collisions at the Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center

Collisions with glass are a serious threat to avian life and are estimated to kill hundreds of millions of birds per year in the United States. We monitored 22 buildings at the Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center (VTCRC) in Blacksburg, Virginia, for collision fatalities from October 2013 through May 2015 and explored possible effects exerted by glass area and surrounding land cover on avian mortality. We documented 240 individuals representing 55 identifiable species that died due to collisions with windows at the VTCRC. The relative risk of fatal collisions at all buildings over the study period were estimated using a Bayesian hierarchical zero-inflated Poisson model adjusting for percentage of tree and lawn cover within 50 m of buildings, as well as for glass area. We found significant relationships between fatalities and surrounding lawn area (relative risk: 0.96, 95% credible interval: 0.93, 0.98) as well as glass area on buildings (RR: 1.30, 95% CI [1.05-1.65]). The model also found a moderately significant relationship between fatal collisions and the percent land cover of ornamental trees surrounding buildings (RR = 1.02, 95% CI [1.00-1.05]). Every building surveyed had at least one recorded collision death. Our findings indicate that birds collide with VTCRC windows during the summer breeding season in addition to spring and fall migration. The Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) was the most common window collision species and accounted for 10% of deaths. Though research has identified various correlates with fatal bird-window collisions, such studies rarely culminate in mitigation. We hope our study brings attention, and ultimately action, to address this significant threat to birds at the VTCRC and elsewhere.
3D Knee Trochlear Morphology Assessment by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Normal and Dysplastic Trochleae.

Background Trochlear dysplasia is recognized as a significant risk factor for patellar instability, but current imaging modalities fail to allow full visualization and classification of the complex 3-dimensional (3D) anatomy of the trochlea. The purpose of this study was to elucidate primary differences in trochlear morphology between patients with and without patellar instability by utilizing 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reconstructions of the trochlea. Methods An institutional review board-approved retrospective review included 24 patients with a diagnosis of patellar instability and an age-matched and sex-matched control population of 12 patients. 3D models of the femoral trochlea were created from MRI images and measurements were performed. 3D measurements were trochlear groove volume and surface area that were normalized to the femoral width. 2D measurements were performed throughout the length of the trochlea including the bony and cartilaginous sulcus angles as well as the bony and cartilaginous trochlear depths. Differences were also assessed between sex, skeletal maturity, and trochlear dysplasia severity. Results Surface topography of the trochlea varied significantly based on location with the trochlea becoming progressively more flat proximally away from the notch (P 0.05). Conclusions Novel 3D MRI reconstructions demonstrated that measurements of trochlear morphology varied significantly between patients with and without patellar instability. When trochlear dysplasia is present, it appears to affect the majority of the trochlear surface, but preferentially the proximal extent. Future trochlear dysplasia classification systems may benefit from assessment of articular cartilage surface measures rather than primarily osseous structure measurements. Level of evidence Level III-case-control prognostic study.
Creep of Metals Under Variable Complex Loadings

In recent years, numerous material models and experimental observations on the inelastic behavior of metals at elevated temperatures have been proposed and reported. Despite their various forms, the models can in general fit into some common structures. Identification of such structures is essential in the development of constitutive equations. It is also far more important than finding a specific relation for a specific material. The same is also true in the experimental work. In order to systematically characterize the material behavior or validate the models, a structured approach is necessary. In the current paper, instead of reviewing the details of the available theoretical and experimental work, it is attempted to summarize the current progress in terms of some basic theoretical structures and experimental methodology. Examples derived from these structures and their capability for predicting the creep deformation of metals under variable complex stresses are discussed. Finally emphasis of future research on creep under nonproportional loadings is suggested.
Professionalism Behind Barbed Wire: Health Care in World War II Japanese-American Concentration Camps

Physicians and nurses of Japanese ancestry provided health care to 110000 persons incarcerated by the US government during World War II. They faced immense public health challenges created by overcrowding and inadequate resources. Their extraordinary service to their community reflected their professional devotion to their patients and the values of their Japanese homeland.
Efficiency Measurement of Bridge Management with Data Envelopment Analysis

This study explored the feasibility of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure objectively the efficiency of Interstate bridge replacement and rehabilitation programs of the state highway agencies in the United States. Past applications of DEA indicated that this method showed promise for such assessments because of the ability to take into account the effect of uncontrollable factors and scale efficiency. The current study developed a modified input-oriented variable returns to scale model that treated the uncontrollable variables as uncontrollable. The two variables selected as outputs were (a) the change in area of structurally deficient bridges and (b) the change in area of functionally obsolete bridges between two consecutive years. The six variables selected as inputs were (a) expenditures on Interstate bridge replacement and rehabilitation, (b) average daily traffic on Interstate bridges per deck area, (c) proportion of Interstate truck vehicle miles traveled (VMT) to Interstate total VMT, (d) a...
Zukunft: Computernetz und Menschenrecht

Ein menschliches Gehirn, so zeigte dieses Buch, last sich als komplexes dynamisches System auffassen, in dem durch ein verasteltes Netz von Nervenfasern Signale codiert, decodiert und ausgetauscht werden. Menschliche Gehirne sind aber nicht isoliert, sondern kommunizieren in einer menschlichen Population und tauschen in vielfaltiger Weise Nachrichten und Informationen aus. In fruhen schriftlosen Kulturen lebte der Erfahrungs- und Informationsschatz einer Generation in mundlicher Uberlieferung weiter. Nach Erfindung der Schrift konnte das „Gedachtnis“ einer Gesellschaft vieler Gehirne in Bibliotheken „gespeichert“ werden. Im komplexen System einer modernen Informationsgesellschaft bilden computergestutzte Kommunikationsnetze ein verasteltes Netzwerk, das wie in einem Gehirn fur den Transport von Reizen, Impulsen und Nachrichten sorgt, die fur das Uberleben des Gesamtsystems grundlegend sind.
Parents’ Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Children’s Behavioral Health Problems

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) include stressful and potentially traumatic events associated with higher risk of long-term behavioral problems and chronic illnesses. Whether parents’ ACE counts (an index of standard ACEs) confer intergenerational risk to their children’s behavioral health is unknown. In this study, we estimate the risk of child behavioral problems as a function of parent ACE counts. METHODS: We obtained retrospective information on 9 ACEs self-reported by parents and parent reports of their children’s (1) behavioral problems (using the Behavior Problems Index [BPI]), (2) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis, and (3) emotional disturbance diagnosis from the 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) core interview and the linked PSID Childhood Retrospective Circumstances Study and 2014 PSID Child Development Supplement. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate child behavioral health outcomes by parent retrospective ACE count. RESULTS: Children of parents with a history of 4 or more ACEs had on average a 2.3-point (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–3.2) higher score on the BPI, 2.1 times (95% CI: 1.1–3.8) higher odds of hyperactivity, and 4.2 times (95% CI: 1.7–10.8) higher odds of an emotional disturbance diagnosis than children of parents with no ACEs. Maternal ACEs revealed a stronger association with child behavior problems than paternal ACEs. Relationships between parents’ 9 component ACEs individually and children’s BPI scores revealed consistently positive associations. Mediation by parent emotional distress and aggravation were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Parents with greater exposure to ACEs are more likely to have children with behavioral health problems.
History, Boundaries, and Ideological Conflict

At Midwest, everyone remembered his or her history by placing events in the context of what was viewed as a particularly important meeting or series of meetings: Well, by the time I came to work here [it] was after the investigation committee. I was on the investigation committee as a council member, it was after that craziness, that’s about all that was after, everything else came after that. Or See I kind of date things from the beginning to the investigation committee. The investigation committee is of April ’73, if I remember right, and then you’ve got the investigation committee to the whatever you want to call it, the contract squabble, beginning which is roughly May, June ’74, and then you’ve got the contract squabble which is May, June ’74 to January ’75. Then you’ve got the era of Paul Chase which is now starting to fall a little bit more into place and everything was pretty much hunky-dory up to the investigation committee.
Sorafenib plus 5-azacytidine (AZA) in older untreated FLT3-ITD mutated AML.

7029Background: Sorafenib plus 5-azacytidine (AZA) is observed to be safe and effective in relapsed / refractory FLT3-ITD mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients (pts). Hypothesis: Combining ...
Creating a knowledge-sharing community: The use and expansion of knowledge management at Tulsa Community College

K nowledge management (KM) is a very nebulous term. Research on the use of KM across different types of organizations and disciplines confirms this. This article examines the path that Tulsa Community College (TCC) took to not only build the use of KM across the college, but also to create the support structure to foster the creation of a knowledge sharing community. In order for an institution to be able to use KM effectively, several questions should be asked. Is there a culture of knowledge sharing at the institution? Is the concept of KM supported by those in the administration? In the case of TCC, the answers to these questions showed that there were a number of factors that precipitated the use of KM. First, the college began a complete reorganization of its academic units because, as a multicampus community college system, the academic units had become self-contained. A reorganization was carried out that greatly benefited the institution and brought it more in line with a “One College” model.
Primary Care of Transgender Children and Adolescents

Transgender and gender nonconforming (TNG) youth are an increasingly recognized population with specific primary care needs. TNG youth have often had negative healthcare experiences that may affect their comfort in seeking care. Understanding of gender in a developmental context and familiarity with best practices and opportunities for advocacy in health care and community are important tools for primary care providers in supporting the wellness of TNG youth. Primary care providers also have an opportunity to expand access to medical transition care in partnership with specialists and mental health providers.
Applying GPS and Accelerometers to the Study of African Savanna (Loxodonta africana) and Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) Welfare in Zoos

i DEDICATION iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT v LIST OF TABLES x LIST OF FIGURES xii CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1 CHAPTER TWO Measuring zoo animal location and movement with GPS: methodological concerns .. 15 CHAPTER THREE Using GPS to determine factors affecting walking rate in African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) and Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in zoos 52 CHAPTER FOUR Using accelerometers to determine factors affecting walking rate in African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) and Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in zoos ....... 78
Scalability and Resilience in Practice: Current Trends and Opportunities

In this presentation we report on the current trends for implementing distributed services that are both scalable and resilient based on our experiences across the Red Hat Middleware portfolio. We tackle the topics of reactive event-driven services and distributed consensus at cloud scale.
Introduction: Interrogating the Text from the Wrong Perspective

This chapter offers an overview of the main themes discussed in the book. It introduces the concept of the female gaze as a method of interpreting the female characters and the gendered themes of a text, as well as the book’s primary argument, which is that an awareness of an active female gaze can broaden the range of ways in which we understand contemporary Japanese popular culture and its influence on transnational fan communities. The chapter begins with an essay on how the author first encountered manga and why the concept of the female gaze is so important to the millennial generation born in the 1980s and 1990s, when anime and manga began to develop a mainstream audience in North America.
Acute Kidney Injury Following Enhanced Recovery after Surgery in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy. Reply.

Purpose:We assessed the effect of enhanced recovery after surgery protocol related fluid restriction on kidney function and the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury and 3-month kidney fun...
Developmental 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin exposure of either parent enhances the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal mice

Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a rare, but potentially fatal intestinal inflammatory condition most often arising in premature infants. Infants provided formula are also at greater risk of developing this disease. Although the majority of formula-fed, preterm infants do not develop NEC, up to 30% of infants with the disease do not survive. Thus, identifying additional, currently unrecognized factors, which may predispose a specific infant to NEC development would be a significant clinical advancement. In this regard, we have previously reported that offspring of female or male mice with a history of developmental exposure to the environmental toxicant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exhibit altered sensitivity to inflammatory challenges and are frequently born premature. Herein, we examined the possibility that, compared to unexposed mice (F1NONE ), developmental TCDD exposure of either parent (maternal, F1MTCDD , or paternal, F1PTCDD ) would enhance the risk of NEC in offspring (F2TCDD mice) in association with supplemental formula feeding. Methods Beginning on postnatal day 7, all neonates were randomized to maternal milk only or maternal milk with up to 20 supplemental formula feedings. All pups remained with the Dams and were additionally allowed to nurse ad libitum. Results Formula-fed F2NONE pups rarely developed NEC while this disease was common in formula-fed F2MTCDD and F2PTCDD mice. Unexpectedly, 50% of F2MTCDD pups that were not provided supplemental formula also developed NEC. Conclusions Our studies provide evidence that a history of parental TCDD exposure enhances the risk of NEC in offspring and suggest exposure to environmental immunotoxicants such as TCDD may also contribute to this inflammatory disease in humans.
Energy Performance of Renewable Technologies: LR of PV Panels With Analysis of Their Efficiency in Relation to Internal and External Factors

The application of renewable technologies and in particular solar photovoltaic (PV) market has grown rapidly throughout the past 15 years worldwide. Despite the market growth, one of the main facto...
The limited role of ultrasound in the surgical assessment of solid pediatric breast lesions.

Abstract Introduction Ultrasound (US) is an adjunct to history and clinical exam (CE) in the assessment of pediatric breast lesions. We sought to investigate the reliability of US and CE to predict final pathologic diameter (P). Methods A single institutional retrospective analysis of patients aged ≤18 years who underwent breast mass resection was performed. Data was collected and analyzed using SPSS. Results 88 patients met inclusion criteria with an average age at surgery of 16 ± 1.5 years. No malignancies were encountered. The largest mean diameter measured by final pathology (MPO) for all lesions was 4.1 ± 2.6 cm. Pathology encountered were fibroadenoma (83%, MPO 3.7 ± 1.7 cm), juvenile fibroadenoma (10%, MPO 7.0 ± 5.4 cm), and low-grade phyllodes tumor (3%, MPO 6.2 ± 3.8 cm). 67 patients had documented CE measurement with a mean diameter of 3.4 ± 1.8 cm. 62 patients underwent US with a mean diameter of 3.3 ± 1.6 cm. US and CE were accurate in determining P by Cronbach Alpha reliability testing. Conclusion US and CE are reliable measurements of P. The surgical utility of US when considering pediatric breast lesions is limited and should be individualized following pediatric surgical evaluation and CE.
Such A Pretty Girl: A Story of Struggle, Empowerment, and Disability Pride: Nadina LaSpina, (Oakland, CA: New Village Press, 2019, 332 pp. $19.95)

The story of Nadina LaSpina’s life told in Such A Pretty Girl introduces the reader to the history of the Disability Rights movement in the United States. Through the personal, one learns the polit...
Neurocognitive correlates of persisting concussion symptoms in youth

Many patients that experience a concussion have impairing symptoms that persist beyond typical recovery timeframes. Concussion symptoms often remit within a month, but persisting impairments are di...
Practical guide to machine learning for managing Laser Damage

Overview of machine learning methods and the practical steps needed for implementation. We will use examples from NIF to demonstrate steps from data preparation to the pros and cons of different machine learning methods.
Regulatory Capital and the Supervision of Financial Institutions: Some Basic Distinctions and Policy Choices

Discussion of regulatory capital for banks and other financial intermediaries has tended to focus on very detailed issues, as opposed to the general lay of the land. For instance, regulators have tended to concentrate on increasingly complex formulas designed to calculate minimum regulatory requirements.1 These formulas have traditionally been based on general reasoning, although they are increasingly dependent on statistical models. Academics, on the other hand, have focused on mathematical models that lead to explicit expressions for the optimum amount of capital for a firm, usually from the point of view of its owners or managers.2