cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Varicella pneumonia complicating pregnancy: a report of seven cases.

Background: Pneumonia is the most common complication of varicella-zoster infection in adults and has potentially devastating effects when complicating pregnancy. Due to the significant morbidity and mortality associated with this complication during pregnancy and the small number of reported cases in the literature, we present this report to help educate physicians who care for pregnant women. Cases: Seven patients are presented in this report. These patients presented at various stages in pregnancy, from 17 to 31 weeks of gestation. Three of the patients had unremarkable hospital courses. Three of the patients had hospital stays over 21 days in duration. One patient died from complications of varicella pneumonia after 31 days of hospitalization. The obstetric outcomes of the 7 patients described include 1 non-viable delivery at 20 weeks gestation, 3 term deliveries, 2 preterm deliveries, and 1 patient who has not yet delivered. All of the patients presented were treated with intravenous acyclovir therapy. Of the patients described, 3 required intubation and ventilatory support. Other complications encountered include disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), metabolic encephalopathy, pneumothorax, superimposed bacterial pneumonia, and sepsis. Conclusion: The course and treatment of varicella pneumonia complicating pregnancy are discussed. Current recommendations regarding the use of varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG) are also reviewed.
Heat dissipation during long-term anoxia in Artemia franciscana embryos: identification and fate of metabolic fuels.

Microcalorimetric measurements of brine shrimp embryos during 6 days of anoxia indicated that heat dissipation was rapidly suppressed to 2.7% of control (aerobic) values over the first 9 h. Energy flow continued to decline slowly to 31 μW·g dry mass-1 (0.4% of control) during the subsequent 5.5 days. Within 2 h after returning anoxic embryos to aerobic conditions, heat dissipation rose to 77% of control rates. The calorimetric/respirometric (CR) ratio across this 2-h recovery period increased steadily from-226 to-346 kJ·mol O 2 -1 . Prior to the anoxic exposures, hydrated embryos were incubated aerobically for 10 h to insure full initiation of carbohydrate metabolism (CR ratio=-484 kJ·mol O 2 -1 ). During the 6-day asymptotic approach to a nearly ametabolic state, trehalose and glycogen levels declined 18% and 13%, respectively. The majority of this utilization occurred within the first three days. Thermochemical calculations showed that carbohydrate catabolism accounted for 84% of the total heat dissipation measured over the 6-day anoxic bout; only 3% of the heat could be explained by the catabolism of diguanosine tetraphosphate (Gp4G). Analyses of embryo extracts by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that multiple acid end products were accumulated. Lactate and propionate reached 4.5 mM and 1.0 mM, respectively, but these compounds did not account quantitatively for the amount of carbohydrate utilized. However, the largest chromatographic peak that accumulated under anoxia has not been successfully identified. Fumarate and pyruvate levels decreased as anoxia proceeded. Thus, a perceptible energy flow inArtemia franciscana embryos still remained after 6 days of anoxia. While an ametabolic state may be reached with time, the length of this prolonged transition into anaerobic dormancy has not been appreciated before.
Nature of passive films on Fe26Cr alloy

Abstract Anodic oxide films formed on Fe26Cr alloy in pH 2.0 H 2 SO 4 solution have been investigated using electrochemical techniques, and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) combined with ion sputtering and subsequent quantitative thin film analysis. Films formed on electropolished (EP) and cathodically reduced (CR) surfaces have been examined in terms of their thickness, composition and open-circuit stability as a function of potential and time of anodization. Passive films on CR surfaces appear to be composed of either a (Fe,Cr) 2 O 3 type of oxide, or an inner layer of FeCr 2 O 4 and an outer layer of (Fe,Cr) 2 O 3 depending on the anodizing potential. The Cr/Fe ratio in the films varied with both potential and time of anodization, but all films were enriched in Cr relative to the underlying alloy. Oxide thicknesses were ≈17 A (±5−10%) irrespective of the conditions of formation. The somewhat thicker EP prior oxide contained Cl − which was removed by CR. If no CR was performed, subsequent passive films on EP surfaces contained various amounts of incorporated Cl − depending on the anodizing potential. The Cl − -containing films were also Cr rich, and their composition and thickness were potential dependent. Open-circuit decay profiles and surface reactivity measurements demonstrated that the Cl − -containing films break down faster than Cl − -free anodic films with preferential removal of Fe and Cl − occurring from the outer part of the film. The stability of both types of film increased with time of anodization.
Search for microarcsecond structure in low-frequency variable radio sources.

A search for interstellar scintillation (ISS) of low-frequency variable radio sources is reported. Observations of 28 confirmed or suspected low-frequency variables, 21 nonvariable sources, and two pulsars were made at 408 MHz. As expected, the pulsars showed ISS, but scintillation was not detected in any other source. A typical upper limit to the rms modulation due to ISS is 150 mJy, giving lower limits to the apparent angular diameter of about 10 to the -6th arcsec. The possibilities that a true point source is broadened to an apparent angular diameter greater than or roughly equal to 10 to the -6th arcsec by scattering local to the source or in a general intergalactic medium are discussed.
Poisson equation for molecular exchange, hybrid and coulomb electron repulsion integrals

The various multicenter exchange, hybrid and Coulomb electron repulsion integrals that occur in molecular quantum mechanics are shown to satisfy a Poisson equation in which an overlap integral plays the role of a source distribution function. Two-, three-and four-center exchange integrals arise from four-center source functions; two- and three-center hybrid integrals arise from three-center distributions; and one- and two-center Coulomb integrals have two-center sources.
Visualization of the epigastric vessels and bladder before laparoscopic trocar placement.

Abstract Objective Transillumination and laparoscopic visualization are two techniques recommended to minimize the risks of injury to abdominal wall structures during insertion of secondary trocars. This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of these techniques to locate the epigastric vessels and superior bladder margin. Design Prospective observational. Setting Academic medical centers. Patient(s) One hundred five women undergoing laparoscopy for tubal sterilization, infertility, pelvic masses, or pelvic pain. Intervention(s) None. Main outcome measure(s) The ability to visualize the superficial and inferior epigastric vessels, and bladder margin; body mass index (BMI; in kilograms per meter squared); and skin color. Result(s) Transillumination successfully visualized 64% of superficial epigastric vessels and was less effective both as weight increased (BMI 2 : 86%; BMI=25–30 kg/m 2 : 61%; BMI >30 kg/m 2 : 25%) and in dark-skinned women (69%) compared to those with lighter skin (42%). Laparoscopic visualization successfully identified 82% of inferior epigastric vessels and 46% of bladder margins, and was less effective as weight increased. Conclusion(s) Transillumination can successfully locate superficial epigastric vessels, and laparoscopic visualization can locate inferior epigastric vessels and the superior bladder margin in the majority of women undergoing laparoscopy. Transillumination is less effective in dark-skinned women, and both techniques are less effective with increasing body weight.
Ecological Consequences of Recent Climate Change

Global climate change is frequently considered a major conservation threat. The Earth's climate has already warmed by 0.5 8 C over the past century, and recent studies show that it is possible to detect the ef- fects of a changing climate on ecological systems. This suggests that global change may be a current and fu- ture conservation threat. Changes in recent decades are apparent at all levels of ecological organization: pop- ulation and life-history changes, shifts in geographic range, changes in species composition of communities, and changes in the structure and functioning of ecosystems. These ecological effects can be linked to recent population declines and to both local and global extinctions of species. Although it is impossible to prove that climate change is the cause of these ecological effects, these findings have important implications for conser- vation biology. It is no longer safe to assume that all of a species' historic range remains suitable. In drawing attention to the importance of climate change as a current threat to species, these studies emphasize the need for current conservation efforts to consider climate change in both in situ conservation and reintroduction efforts. Additional threats will emerge as climate continues to change, especially as climate interacts with other stressors such as habitat fragmentation. These studies can contribute to preparations for future chal- lenges by providing valuable input to models and direct examples of how species respond to climate change.
Effect of hunger drive level on human learning

Two paired-associate learning experiments, using homogenous and heterogenous lists, tested the H × D theory with hunger manipulated as drive and normative word association strength the index of habit strength. Results showed no significant differences in learning associated word pairs by Hungry Ss and Control Ss. Consistent, but not statistically significant, evidence was found that, as predicted, Hungry Ss made more errors on competitive pairs than did Control Ss.
Silicon nanopillar anodes for lithium-ion batteries using nanoimprint lithography with flexible molds

The lithium ion battery, a preferred energy storage technology, is limited by its volumetric and gravimetric energy densities, as well as its capacity retention with prolonged cycling. In this work, the authors exploited the extremely high lithium storage capacity of Si as an anode material and tackled the issue of lithium-induced volume expansion by patterning the Si into a nanopillar array using nanoimprint lithography and reactive-ion etching. Arrays of 200 nm-pitch Si pillars of 50–70 nm diameter and 200–500 nm height were fabricated on stainless steel substrates, assembled into coin cells, and tested against lithium counter electrodes. Initial charge capacities in excess of 3000 mAh/g, and a low rate-dependence, were obtained with these Si pillar anodes. This represents an improvement over previously reported nanoimprint-patterned Si anodes. Though this initial capacity is roughly equivalent to previously reported values for bulk Si anodes, our nanopillar anodes exhibit far superior capacity retentio...
WATER TRANSFER AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

An aspect of water resource development that has currently generated a good deal of interest among economists relates to the ‘economics of water transfer.’ Some recent investigations in this connection have studied the impact of transferring water from conventional uses (mainly agricultural) to newly emerging uses (e.g., pollution abatement, recreational, and industrial). The results of these studies indicate that water transfer contributes to economic growth, both directly and indirectly.
Variable binding affinities for allergen suggest a 'selective competition' among immunoglobulins in atopic and non-atopic humans.

Abstract Atopy is a persistent, aberrant humoral response to certain classes of proteins (allergens) characterized by the presence of allergen-specific IgE. Yet, in both atopic and non-atopic individuals, allergen-specific responses involving the IgA and IgG subclasses have been observed, which evidence does not support models suggesting inherited differences in sensitivity to certain protein classes. Using the major ragweed component Amb a 1 as a model allergen, we assessed the humoral responses in three groups of unrelated donors: (A) atopic, ragweed sensitive; (B) atopic, but not ragweed sensitive; (C) non-atopic. As expected, Amb a 1-specific IgE was present in group A only. However, there were essentially no differences in the relative proportions of Amb a 1-specific IgA 1,2 and IgG 1–4 among the groups. We also determined the Amb a 1 binding affinities for IgG 1 and IgG 4 in the three groups, and compared these to Amb a 1-specific IgE binding affinities in group A. Group A donors’ Amb a 1–IgE had extremely high affinities (10 8 to 10 11 M −1 ), but their Amb a 1–IgG 1 and Amb a 1–IgG 4 affinities were significantly lower (10 7 to 10 10 M −1 ). The average IgG 4 binding affinities in groups B and C were slightly higher than that of IgG 4 in group A, although not statistically significant. However, the IgG 1 affinity for Amb a 1 among group C, non-atopic donors was significantly elevated and comparable to the IgE affinity observed in group A, ragweed atopics. Inhibition studies with allergen-specific IgE-free serum showed that all isotypes recognized the major epitopes seen by IgE. These results suggest that there may be a “selective competition” among isotypes for allergens that is driven by the ability to produce high affinity, allergen-specific immunoglobulins.
A High Efficiency Diffraction Grating Design For A Rhomb Configuration

A diffraction grating rhomb is an excellent candidate for both suppressing sideband instabilities in a free electron laser (FEL) and outcoupling the optical beam. A rhomb incorporating sinusoidal profile gratings exhibits many of the required performance characteristics for such an application. We present in some detail a description of such a rhomb and include a rhomb alignment sensitivity analysis.
A Modified Hierarchy for Designing Chemical Processes

This paper presents a modified hierarchy for the design of chemical processes. The modified hierarchy differs from the hierarchy of Douglas [Conceptual Design of Chemical Processes; McGraw−Hill: New York, 1988] in two ways: (i) the design of a chemical reactor is considered as a separate, distinct step in the design exercise, and (ii) the implementation of a material recycle is considered to be part of the unit integration step, rather than a predetermined step in the design hierarchy. The advantage of the modified hierarchy is illustrated on a process to produce benzene by hydrodealkylation (HDA) of toluene (this is a benchmark case in teaching chemical process design). It is shown that, by applying the modified design hierarchy, a more economical process can be designed. The economic advantages are achieved mainly due to modifications in the reactor configuration and the elimination of the gas recycle stream.
Photon conversion efficiency of backward travelling-wave parametric amplification and oscillation

Abstract Photon conversion efficiencies are expressed in terms of the jacobian elliptic function parameter η 2 and the overall gain. For amplifiers, the conversion efficiency is normally less than η 2 , but their differences becomes small for gains larger than 5. Maximum efficiency equal to η 2 can only be achieved for oscillators.
Prevalence and predictors of appropriate colorectal cancer surveillance in Lynch syndrome.

OBJECTIVES:Lynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary cancer syndrome that conveys a high risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Guidelines recommend colonoscopy every 1 to 2 years. There is limited information about screening compliance in this high-risk group.METHODS:Data about cancer screening behaviors were
TRIPLET‐TRIPLET ENERGY TRANSFER IN P‐TRYPSIN 1 THE ROLE OF THE INDOLE TRIPLET IN THE ULTRAVIOLET‐INDUCED PHOTOLYSIS OF β‐TRYPSIN

— Detection of triplet-triplet energy transfer in an aqueous solution of P-trypsin is reported. This conclusion is based on the observation that a light excited phenolate side chain can sensitize the destruction of an adjacent indole side chain. The role that the indole triplet might play in the UV-induced photolysis of /l-trypsin is also investi-gated. The results suggest that the UV (309 nm)-induced inactivation of P-trypsin is not caused by indole ring destruction but by the disruption of disulfide bonds without thiol formation.
Origins of the other metazoan body plans: the evolution of larval forms

Bilaterian animal body plan origins are not solely about adult forms. Most animals have larvae with body plans, ontogenies and ecologies distinct from adults. There are two primary hypotheses for larval origins. The first hypothesis suggests that the first animals were small pelagic forms similar to modern larvae, with adult bilaterian body plans evolved subsequently. The second hypothesis suggests that adult bilaterian body plans evolved first and that larval body plans arose by interpolation of features into direct-developing ontogenies. The two hypotheses have different consequences for understanding parsimony in evolution of larvae and of developmental genetic mechanisms. If primitive metazoans were like modern larvae and distinct adult forms evolved independently, there should be little commonality of patterning genes among adult body plans. However, sharing of patterning genes is observed. If larvae arose by co-option of adult bilaterian-expressed genes into independently evolved larval forms, larvae may show morphological convergence, but with distinct patterning genes, and this is observed. Thus, comparative studies of gene expression support independent origins of larval features. Precambrian and Cambrian embryonic fossils are also consistent with direct development of the adult as being primitive, with planktonic larvae arising during the Cambrian. Larvae have continued to co-opt genes and evolve new features, allowing study of developmental evolution.
Levetiracetam in social phobia: a placebo controlled pilot study:

While serotonergic antidepressants are now established as first-line pharamcotherapy for generalized social anxiety disorder (SAD), other agents with different mechanisms have shown promise in treating SAD. The aim of this pilot study is to examine the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam (LEV), an anticonvulsant with calcium channel modulating properties, in treating SAD. Adult outpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria for SAD were randomly assigned (2:1) to double-blind treatment with either LEV (500-3000 mg/day) or placebo (PBO) for 7 weeks. The primary outcome measures were the change from baseline in the Brief Social Phobia Scale (BSPS) and response using the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement scale (CGI-I). The mean (SD) BSPS scores at baseline and endpoint were 45.4 (9.7) and 31.2 (19.7) for LEV (n=9), compared to 43.5 (8.4) and 37.8 (19.9) for PBO (n =7) (ITT; ns). Rates of response were 22% for LEV and 14% for PBO using the CGI-I. Using a BSPS response criterion (>30% reduction), response rates were 44% for LEV and 14% for PBO. The effect sizes of LEV relative to PBO were 0.33 for the BSPS and 0.50 for the LSAS. In summary, the results of this study, while negative on the pre-defined measures, suggest promise for LEV as a new treatment of SAD. Further work should be carried out with larger sample sizes and optimal dosing strategies of the drug.
Themes and Variations on the Creative Process: Tales of Three Cultures

At issue here is the description and comparison of the manners and forms of improvisation in three disparate cultures - southern Indian, Sub-Saharan Africa (from the Akan and Ewe of Ghana to the Shona of Zimbabwe), and Vietnam. Culture-specific distinctions as well as crosscultural similarities of improvisation are examined, with the intent of illuminating some of the traits worthy of application in the raising up of young people to be musically expressive and inventive in their creative and re-creative performances. The association of aural skill development with the realization of the individual power of invention is found as a critical commonality across the three cultures, a principal theme among the cultural variations.
Cosensitization by 9,10-dicyanoanthracene and biphenyl of the electron-transfer photooxygenation of 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylcyclopropane

Abstract Electron-transfer photooxygenation of 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylcyclopropane with 9,10-dicyanoanthracene in oxygen-saturated acetonitrile yields 1,1,3,3-tetraphenyl-2-propen-1-o1 after reduction of the intermediate hydroperoxide. The rate of reaction is significantly increased by the addition of biphenyl as a cosensitizer.
The influence of vertical and lateral turbulence on the characteristics of the waters at mid‐depths

In a previous paper (Iselin 1936) the writer considered that the temperature and salinity of the main thermocline layer (400–1200 meters) in the Sargasso Sea were mainly determined by vertical turbulence. At that time special significance was attached to the very consistent temperature-salinity correlation at mid-latitude stations from the western North Atlantic. Thus, when plotted on a temperature-salinity diagram, the great majority of the modern observations fell along a narrow and slightly curving path connecting the characteristics of the superficial layer with those of deep water. The fact that in the main thermocline the temperature-salinity correlation was somewhat fresher than a pure mixture of deep water and surface-water was thought to result from the inflow of relatively large volumes of subantarctic intermediate water which appeared to enter the Sargasso Sea in two ways. First, this low-salinity layer seemed to penetrate northward across the Northern Equatorial Current at mid-depths and second, a considerable volume of it was observed leaving the Florida Straits to be, discharged into the Sargasso Sea along the southern edge of the Gulf Stream. In short, lt was considered that the negative salinity-anomalies brought to the Sargasso Sea by the subantarctic intermediate layer more than counteracted the positive anomalies arriving at similar depths from the westward flow of water carrying Mediterranean characteristics.
The Standard Deviation of Launch Vehicle Environments

Statistical analysis is used in the development of the launch vehicle environments of acoustics, vibrations, and shock. The standard deviation of these environments is critical to accurate statistical extrema. However, often very little data exists to define the standard deviation and it is better to use a typical standard deviation than one derived from a few measurements. This paper uses Space Shuttle and expendable launch vehicle flight data to define a typical standard deviation for acoustics and vibrations. The results suggest that 3dB is a conservative and reasonable standard deviation for the source environment and the payload environment.
The zone boundary mode in periodic nonlinear electrical lattices

Abstract We study the existence and linear stability of the zone boundary mode in a nonlinear electrical lattice consisting of N inductors and N voltage-dependent capacitors with periodic boundary conditions. The inductances are allowed to alternate, while the capacitors are identical and each have a quadratic dependence on voltage. By block-diagonalizing a 2 N × 2 N Floquet problem, we reduce the question of the stability of the mode to a single Hill’s equation that is analyzed using methods of perturbation theory and averaging. We show that periodicity of the lattice inductances degrades stability, and also show that the instability threshold is proportional to N − 2 . Numerical computations validate the perturbative results.
Cloning and developmental regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP3) in Xenopus laevis early embryos

We cloned a cDNA encoding tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP3) from the frog Xenopus laevis. Similar to TIMP3 from other species, Xenopus TIMP3 has 188 residues including 12 conserved cysteines and Asn184, a putative site for N-linked sugars. Xenopus TIMP3 is 84% identical with human TIMP3. As shown by Northern blotting and RT-PCR, Xenopus TIMP3 mRNA is maternally inherited in eggs and midblastula (stage 8) embryos, downregulated in gastrula and then upregulated in neurula and pretailbud embryos. In select adult tissues, TIMP3 mRNA is present in heart, muscle, liver, skin, intestine and ovaries. These results suggest that TIMP3 is involved in the regulation of expression of matrix metalloproteinases in Xenopus early development and adult tissue remodeling.
The Efficacy of a Clinic-Based Behavioral Nutrition Intervention Emphasizing a DASH-Type Diet for Adolescents with Elevated Blood Pressure

Objective To examine the efficacy of a 3-month clinic-based behavioral nutrition intervention emphasizing a diet high in fruits, vegetables, and low fat dairy (DASH intervention) versus routine outpatient hospital-based nutrition care (RC) on diet and blood pressure (BP) in adolescents with elevated BP. Study design Fifty-seven adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of prehypertension or hypertension (systolic BP or diastolic BP, 90 th to 99 th percentile) were randomly assigned to DASH or RC. SBP, DBP, 3-day diet recall, weight, and height were assessed at pretreatment, post-treatment, and 3 months later (follow-up). Results In completer analysis, DASH versus RC had a greater decrease in SBP z scores from baseline to post-treatment ( P z scores from baseline through follow-up ( P = .07). DBP z scores changed similarly for conditions from baseline through follow-up. Relative to RC, DASH had a greater increase in intake of fruits ( P P P P Conclusions The DASH intervention proved more effective than RC in improving SBP and diet quality in adolescents with elevated BP.
Linear deformations of the Prasad-Sommerfield monopole

The Bogomolny equation for linear perturbations of the Prasad-Sommerfield monopole is solved exactly. Explicit expressions for all the normalizable and unnormalizable nongauge modes are obtained, and previous results of Mottola on the normalizable modes are confirmed. A new choice of gauge facilitates the solution. Open questions and possible applications are mentioned.
Neuron absorption study and mid-IR optical excitations

Neuronal optical excitation can provide non-contacting tools to explore brain circuitry and a durable stimulation interface for cardiac pacing and visual as well as auditory sensory neuronal stimulation. To obtain accurate absorption spectra, we scan the transmission of neurons in cell culture medium, and normalize it by subtracting out the absorption spectrum of the medium alone. The resulting spectra show that the main neuronal absorption peaks are in the 3000- 6000nm band, although there is a smaller peak near 1450nm. By coupling the output of a 3μm interband cascade laser (ICL) into a mid-IR fluorozirconate fiber, we can effectively deliver more than 1J/cm2 photon intensity to the excitation site for neuronal stimulation.
Quantum Confined Structures and Coherent Light Emitters in II–VI Heterostructures

Recent developments in wide-gap II-VI quantum wells and p-n-junction heterostructures with emphasis on two-dimensonal exciton physics are reported. Current device issues related to blue and green diode lasers and light emitting diodes in the ZnSe-based configurations are briefly summarized. This is followed by experimental review of evidence which strongly suggests that exciton effects, which dominate interband absorption, are also of importance in both spontaneous and stimulated emission processes
Erosion control strategies for bay and estuarine beaches

Abstract Erosion of bay and estuarine beaches is a widespread problem in the United States. Waves on these beaches are low and have short periods, and rates of longshore sediment transport are low. Erosion rates are high because of the lack of a mechanism for sediment deposition between storms and because there is little sediment on bay shorelines to replenish losses. Bay beaches are lower, narrower, and have a different appearance from ocean beaches, and they provide an alternative for human use. Static shore protection structures are a more viable solution on developed bay beaches than on ocean beaches. Beach nourishment has great value where recreation demand is high. Strategies can be developed to enhance values that are complementary and supplementary to those provided by ocean beaches, but these strategies should be designed specifically for a bay side location.
Ultrastructure of the parasite Janczewskia morimotoi and its host Laurencia nipponica (ceramiales, rhodophyta).

Fundamental ultrastructural differences are seen in the parasitic red alga Janczewskia as compared to its host Laurencia. Freshly released parasite spores contain immature chloroplasts with six to eight thylakoids that lack phycobilisomes. In the knob stage of development of the parasite, the apical cells contain plastids with numerous thylakoids and phycobilisomes. In contrast, the cortical cells contain plastids each with one encircling thylakoid and lacking phycobilisomes. Later in development, as the tissue of the parasite becomes lightly pigmented, each plastid forms one to five thylakoids but phycobilisomes are not evident. The mature darkly pigmented parasites contain plastids with numerous thylakoids and phycobilisomes. By contrast, plastids in apical cells of Laurencia always contain four or more thylakoids and phycobilisomes. Laurencia cells in contact with Janczewskia cells have thick walls apparently derived from contents of dictyosome vesicles. Janczewskia rhizoids invading Laurencia cells have relatively thin walls and intact plasmalemmas. Dictyosomally derived cored fibrillar vesicles in parasitic meristematic cells are incorporated into the surrounding wall, the protein core persisting as evidence of the deposition. Fibrils consist of acidic polysaccharides. Striated bodies and membrane-bound black bodies in the young parasite cells are present.
Ignition Delay for Jet Propellant 10/Air and Jet Propellant 10/High-Energy Density Fuel/Air Mixtures

Jet propellant 10 [(JP-10) or exotetrahydrodicyclopentadiene] is one of the leading candidate fuels for use in pulse detonation engine applications. As such, its ignition delay characteristics have been studied previouslyin very dilute mixtures at pressures from 1 to 9 atm and temperatures from 1300 to 1670 K. The ignition delay times are studied of JP-10/air and JP-10 blended with methylated PCU alkene dimer, nitronorbornane, dinitronorbornane, and ethylhexyl nitrate in air at pressures from 10 to 25 atm and temperatures from 1200 to 2500 K using a shock tube. Ignition delays were primarily measured using CH emission and secondarily using OH emission. Ignition delays were essentially insensitive to all of the additives tested. Additionally, ignition delays for dicyclopentadiene (a suspected intermediate in the combustion of JP-10) were also tested. Above 1500 K, multiple peaks in the CH emission were found. Further tests using OH emission indicate that the main peak in CH emission at these higher temperatures is probably due to reactions involved in the approach to equilibrium and give spuriously long ignition delay times.
Constructing quality profiles for taste compounds in rats: A novel paradigm

We developed a novel behavioral method, adapted from the work by Morrison (1967), for the assessment of taste quality in rats. Four groups of rats were trained to discriminate a standard stimulus (either NaCl, sucrose, quinine, or citric acid, which are widely thought to represent the four basic human taste qualities of salty, sweet, bitter, and sour, respectively) from the remaining three compounds (each at multiple concentrations). Animals were then tested for generalization to the standard stimuli when test compounds were presented and a quality profile was constructed. Rats generalized novel concentrations of standard stimuli completely to their training concentrations and generalized their responses to mixtures of NaCl and sucrose on the basis of the relative concentrations of the stimulus components. In general, the sugars (at high concentrations), denatonium, tartaric acid, and sodium gluconate generalized to sucrose, quinine, citric acid, and NaCl, respectively. Monosodium glutamate generalized to a mixture of sucrose and NaCl. KCl produced a complex generalization profile with notable quinine and citric acid components. Our procedure supplements the current use of the conditioned taste aversion generalization procedure which has some procedural and interpretive limitations. Although our procedure involves the use of a complex stimulus delivery and response measurement apparatus and requires substantial initial conditioning of animals, once trained, a single cohort of animals can be tested for its response to a substantial number of test stimuli over the course of many months without any ostensible loss of stimulus control.
Risk factors for work disability in severe adult asthma.

Abstract Purpose We aimed to elucidate the prevalence of and risk factors for work disability in severe adult asthma and to evaluate the impact of work disability on downstream health outcomes. Methods We used data from a prospective cohort study of 465 adults with severe asthma. Structured telephone interviews ascertained asthma status and employment history. A job exposure matrix (JEM) was used to characterize the likelihood of workplace exposure to "asthmagens." Results The prevalence of asthma-related complete work disability was 14% among working-age adults with severe asthma (95% confidence interval, 11%-18%). Among those who were currently employed, the prevalence of partial work disability was 38% (95% confidence interval, 31%-45%). Sociodemographic ( P = .027) and medical factors ( P = .020) were related to the risk of complete work disability. Both sociodemographic characteristics ( P = .06) and work exposures based on the JEM ( P = .012) were related to partial work disability. In additional models, poorer asthma severity, physical health status, and mental health status were all associated with a higher risk of complete and partial work disability. Conclusions Work disability is common among adults with severe asthma. There are three sets of risk factors for work disability that are potentially modifiable: smoking, workplace exposures, and asthma severity.
Behavioral treatment of a child's eating problem

Abstract This paper demonstrates the usefulness of a behavioral approach in modifying problem behaviors in a 4-year-old girl. The problem behaviors were (1) she would not feed herself a full meal, and (2) she refused table foods. A shaping procedure was used in which gradual steps toward the goal of getting her to feed herself table foods were reinforced by her mother. Reinforcers included social attention and praise, preferred strained foods, sweet foods, preferred table foods and favorite television programs. Within a period of 20 weeks, the child had fed herself 50 different table foods.
Off-boundary approach to the boundary element method

Abstract An alternative to the boundary element method for external domains is proposed, whereby the elements are located on the boundary, but the points of observation are taken inside the boundary. The modification removes the nonintegrable singularities from the domain of integration. It also provides a simple way of avoiding the ill-conditioning that occurs at fictitious eigenfrequencies. The off-boundary BEM is applied to scattering of a plane, time-harmonic, longitudinal wave by a spherical cavity in an unbounded, linearly elastic, isotropic, homogeneous solid. Results obtained by the off-boundary approach are compared with exact results and with results obtained by the conventional BEM approach. The off-boundary approach produces excellent results with less effort than the conventional BEM.
„All-in-one“ – kamerabasierte ­Fahrerassistenzsysteme

In den letzten Jahren haben Fahrzeughersteller zunehmend darauf gesetzt, den Fahrer mit neuen, immer ausgefeilteren Assistenzsystemen zu unterstuetzen. Dabei kommen unterschiedliche Umfeldsensoren wie Radar, Lidar, Ultraschall und Videokameras zum Einsatz. Von diesen Sensoren ist die Kamera die wahrscheinlich vielseitigste, denn der Videosensor kann, im Gegensatz zum Radar, eine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen relevanten Objekten erkennen und klassifizieren. Der Beitrag geht auf die Entwicklung einer neuen kompakten Sensorloesung in Form einer skalierbaren Kamera ein, die besser als Vorgaengersysteme sehen und analysieren kann, was auf der Fahrbahn vor dem Fahrzeug passiert. So koennen Fahrzeughersteller mit einem einzelnen Modul zahlreiche Fahrerassistenz- und Sicherheitsfunktionen realisieren, beispielsweise Kollisions- und Spurverlassenswarnung, Spurhalteassistent, Verkehrszeichenerkennung, Fernlichtassistent, stufenlose Leuchtweitenregelung sowie Fussgaengerschutzfunktionen.
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC STUDIES WITH ETHYLHYDROCUPREINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMOCOCCUS PLEURITIS

1. Solutions of ethylhydrocupreine (optochin) hydrochloride show a pronounced bactericidal activity for pneumococci in pleural pus. 2. The highest tolerated dose of ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride for guinea pigs by intrapleural injection is about 0.2 to 0.3 cc. of a 1:100 solution per 100 gm. of weight, corresponding to 2 to 3 cc. of solution or 0.02 to 0.03 gm. of the drug per kilo of weight. 3. The injection of 1 cc. of a 1:500 solution of ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride into each pleural cavity of a guinea pig weighing from 350 to 500 gm. produces no evidences of toxicity or irritation of the pleura. 4. The injection of 1 cc. of a 24 hour dextrose blood broth culture of virulent Type I pneumococci into the right pleural cavity of guinea pigs produces acute suppurative pleuritis on both sides associated with suppurative pericarditis, which generally terminates fatally within 72 hours with pneumococcus bacteremia. 5. The injection of 1 cc. of 1:500 solutions of ethlylhydrocupreine hydrochloride into each pleural cavity of guinea pigs at varying intervals up to 24 hours after pleural infection has usually shown a marked curative influence. Similar results were observed with dogs. 6. The intrapleural injection of mixtures of ethylhydrocupreine, sodium oleate, and boric acid (Lamar) has also shown a decided curative effect in acute suppurative pneumococcus pleuritis of guinea pigs. 7. These and similar experiments on pneumococcus meningitis suggest that in chemotherapeutic investigations certain drugs may be injected into serous cavities in amounts exerting distinct bactericidal activity in vivo without producing local irritation or general toxic effects.
Conduct Control on Usenet

In this paper we explore the nature of offensive conduct and its treatment on Usenet. Specifically, we examine the frequency, form, and tone of reproaches for misconduct on five newsgroups: rec.arts.tv.soaps; soc.motss; soc.singles; rec.sports.hockey; and comp.sys.ibm.pc.games. Where possible, subsequent accounts offered by offenders are also examined. Results indicate that few individuals respond publicly to their reproachers and that complete “traditional” remedial episodes in Usenet are relatively rare. Discriminant analysis supports a tentative conclusion that different offense types elicit reproaches which vary in form and tone. Furthermore, the tenor and frequency of reproaches for particular offenses vary according to newsgroup, supporting the thesis that norm violations are differentially treated in Usenet “communities.” The analyses and discussion include an examination of gender differences in the newsgroups studied.
Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of olanzapine in rats

The single dose pharmacokinetics of olanzapine in rats, following an oral dose and its distribution in the brain and other tissues after repeated oral and intra-peritoneal (i.p.) administration, were studied. Olanzapine in plasma, brain, liver, lung, kidney, spleen and fat was assayed at predose, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 12, 24, 36, 48 h postoral dose of 6 mg/kg and after daily oral and i.p. doses of 0.25, 1, 3, and 6 mg/kg/day of olanzapine for 15 consecutive days by a sensitive and specific HPLC method with electrochemical detection. Olanzapine was readily absorbed and distributed in plasma and tissues as the peak concentrations were reached within approximately 45 min after the oral dose. The terminal half-life of olanzapine in plasma was 2.5 h and in tissues it ranged from 3 to 5.2 h. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(last)) was lowest in plasma and largest in liver and lung. The AUC(last) of olanzapine was eight times larger in brain and three to 32 times larger in other tissues than that in plasma. After repeated oral doses, the plasma and tissue concentrations of olanzapine were generally higher than those after repeated i.p. doses. The liver and spleen had the highest concentrations after oral and i.p doses, respectively. In both cases, the tissue concentrations were four- to 46-fold higher than that in plasma and correlated with administered doses. Likewise, plasma concentrations strongly correlated with the simultaneous brain and tissue concentrations (r(2)>0.908, p<0.0001). On average, the brain levels were 6.3-13.1 and 5.4-17.6 times higher than the corresponding plasma level after oral and i.p. doses, respectively. The tissue to plasma level ratio of olanzapine was higher in other tissues. The data indicated that olanzapine is rapidly absorbed and widely distributed in the tissues of rats after oral and i.p. administration. The plasma concentration appears to predict the simultaneous concentration in brain and other tissues. There was no marked localized accumulation of olanzapine in any of the regions of the rat brain.
Isolation of the catalytic core of DNA polymerase alpha from rabbit bone marrow

Modification of the purification procedures for rabbit bone marrow DNA polymerase [Byrnes, J.J., & Black, V.L. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 4226-4231] has increased the yield and stability of the enzyme thus allowing further purification. In particular, the higher molecular weight form, alpha 1, has been more abundant. Additional purification has been obtained upon phosphocellulose and chromatofocusing column chromatography. SDS slab gel electrophoretic analyses of the eluates demonstrate a 135,000 molecular weight polypeptide in nearly pure form which correlates with DNA polymerase activity. Approximately 200,000 nmol of thymidine monophosphate is incorporated into DNA (mg of protein) -1h -1 at 37 degrees C. Similar to DNA polymerase alpha from other sources this enzyme is an acidic protein, is very sensitive to aphidicolin, and has no detectable 3' to 5' nuculease activity.
Perifornical fiber system mediates VMH electrically-induced suppression of feeding

Fiber pathways mediating the cessation of food ingestion during continuous low-level electrical stimulation of the ventromedial region of the hypothalamus (VMH) were appraised in food-deprived male rats using knife cuts. Parasagittal knife cuts in the medial perifornical area of the hypothalamus produced much larger increases in threshold current intensities for the inhibition of feeding than did cuts in the lateral perifornical hypothalamus. These findings indicate that fiber pathways critical to the inhibitory feeding effect of continuous VMH electrical stimulation traverse the perifornical hypothalamus but not the lateral hypothalamus. A comparison of these and other results demonstrates an anatomical similarity between the fiber pathways mediating VMH electrically-induced inhibition of feeding and hypothalamic hyperphagia following lesions or knife cuts. The nature of the inhibitory feeding effect of VMH electrical stimulation is also addressed and behavioral observations strongly supportive of a specific anorectic effect produced by the stimulation are reported.
Ultrastructural and histochemical localization of glycogen in human normal and hyperkeratotic oral epithelium

Abstract Twenty-five oral mucosal biopsies from benign hyperkeratotic mouth lesions and adjacent normal mucosa were studied to determine the localization of glycogen and its relationship to keratinization. Electron microscopy and well-established histochemical techniques for glycogen with light microscopy were used. Glycogen was identified in all the normal and the seven lichen planus specimens; however, it was either absent or in trace amounts in 10 of 12 leukoplakic specimens. There appeared to be an inverse relationship between the amount of glycogen and degree of keratinization. Although the ultrastructural form of glycogen varied, it predominantly appeared as clusters of slightly dense participate granules which varied from 150 to 300 A. Localization of glycogen was quite constant in prickle, granular (when present) and surface cells of parakeratinized, orthokeratinized and hyperparakeratinized epithelium. It was never observed in basal and parabasal cells. The fact that glycogen content decreases as the degree of keratosis increases suggests that glycogen has a role in keratinization.
Energy dissipation in a dc-field-driven electron lattice coupled to fermion baths

Electron transport in electric-field-driven tight-binding lattice coupled to fermion baths is comprehensively studied. We reformulate the problem by using the scattering-state method within the Coulomb gauge. Calculations show that the formulation justifies direct access to the steady state bypassing the time-transient calculations, which then makes the steady-state methods developed for quantum dot theories applicable to lattice models. We show that the effective temperature of the hot-electron induced by a dc electric field behaves as ${T}_{\mathrm{eff}}=C\ensuremath{\gamma}(\ensuremath{\Omega}/\ensuremath{\Gamma})$ with a numerical constant $C$, tight-binding parameter $\ensuremath{\gamma}$, the Bloch oscillation frequency $\ensuremath{\Omega}$, and the damping parameter $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$. In the small damping limit $\ensuremath{\Gamma}/\ensuremath{\Omega}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, the steady state has a singular property with the electron becoming extremely hot in an analogy to the short-circuit effect. This leads to the conclusion that the dissipation mechanism cannot be considered as an implicit process, as treated in equilibrium theories. Finally, using the energy flux relation, we derive a steady-state current for interacting models where only on-site Green's functions are necessary.
Deep-Water Upwelling in the Frictional Western Boundary Layer

Abstract The structure of a Stommel type of frictional western boundary layer in a thermally driven two-layer model is examined. Instead of specifying the interfacial upwelling a priori, it is calculated as part of the solution subject to the dynamic and thermodynamic constraints. It is shown that upwelling prevails in the western boundary. Scaling analysis indicates that upwelling within the western boundary layer is two orders of magnitude stronger than that in the ocean interior. Furthermore, the total amount of upwelling within the western boundary layer constitutes a substantial part of the basin-integrated upwelling. Thus, our results suggest that it is important to study the dynamic role of western boundary upwelling in ocean circulation models.
Higher detection rate of JAK2 mutation using plasma.

To the editor: We recently reported that using plasma rather than peripheral blood cells improves detection of the JAK2 V617F mutation,[1][1] which is the most important characteristic molecular abnormality in patients with nonchronic myeloid leukemia (non-CML)–myeloproliferative disease (MPD).[2
Supplementation with xylanase and β-xylosidase to reduce xylo-oligomer and xylan inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and pretreated corn stover.

Background Hemicellulose is often credited with being one of the important physical barriers to enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, and acts by blocking enzyme access to the cellulose surface. In addition, our recent research has suggested that hemicelluloses, particularly in the form of xylan and its oligomers, can more strongly inhibit cellulase activity than do glucose and cellobiose. Removal of hemicelluloses or elimination of their negative effects can therefore become especially pivotal to achieving higher cellulose conversion with lower enzyme doses.