cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computations of unsteady multistage compressor flows in a workstation environment

High-end graphics workstations are becoming a necessary tool in the computational fluid dynamics environment. In addition to their graphic capabilities, workstations of the latest generation have powerful floating-point-operation capabilities. As workstations become common, they could provide valuable computing time for such applications as turbomachinery flow calculations. This report discusses the issues involved in implementing an unsteady, viscous multistage-turbomachinery code (STAGE-2) on workstations. It then describes work in which the workstation version of STAGE-2 was used to study the effects of axial-gap spacing on the time-averaged and unsteady flow within a 2 1/2-stage compressor. The results included time-averaged surface pressures, time-averaged pressure contours, standard deviation of pressure contours, pressure amplitudes, and force polar plots.
Simulation of packed-bed separation processes using orthogonal collocation

Abstract The two-point boundary value problem resulting from the heat and material balance equations of a packed separation column are solved using polynomial approximation techniques. The model equations are based on the two-film theory of mass transfer. The resulting partial differential equations are first reduced to ordinary differential equations and then integrated using semi-implicit Runge-Kutta method of integration. Application of orthogonal collocation simplifies the solution of the two-point boundary value problem. For the examples studied, the algorithm is found to converge rapidly with respect to the number of collocation points used in the polynomial approximation.
Efficient post-processing antialiasing on integrated GPUs

Most modern games use deferred shading, in which shading is performed only for visible pixels, allowing greater artistic freedom in scene composing and lighting. However, traditional antialiasing techniques, such as super-sampling and multi-sampling, are not well-suited for deferred shading pipeline, since all subsamples have to be explicitly written to output buffer.
SPECIFIC HEAT AND ELASTIC CONSTANTS OF SODIUM IODIDE AT LOW TEMPERATURES

Measurement of specific heat from 2.4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 8\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and of elastic constants from 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K have been made on single crystals of sodium iodide. The Debye theta at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{0}$, as calculated from the specific heat data is 163\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Values of the elastic constants at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K are ${C}_{11}=3.761$, ${C}_{12}=0.798$, and ${C}_{44}=0.781$ in units of ${10}^{11}$ dynes/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{0}$ calculated from the velocity of sound waves is 167\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The manner in which the experimental specific heat compares with the work of Berg and Morrison and with the theoretical concepts of Barron and Morrison is discussed.
Direct femtosecond mapping of trajectories in a chemical reaction

IN chemical reactions, the dynamics of the transition from reagents to products can be described by the trajectories of particles (or rigorously, of quantum mechanical wave packets) moving on a potential-energy surface. Here we use femtosecond pulsed laser techniques to follow directly the evolution in space and time of such trajectories during the breakage of a chemical bond in the dissociation of sodium iodide. The bond breakage can be described in terms of the time evolution of a single reaction coordinate, the internuclear separation. As the velocities of the separating fragments are typically of the order of a kilometre per second, a time resolution of a few tens of femtoseconds is required to view the motions on a molecular distance scale of less than an angstrom. The resolution obtained here permits the direct visualization of the wave packet's motion and provides snapshots of the trajectories along the reaction coordinate.
Noncompressibility of myocardium during systole with freehand three-dimensional echocardiography

Abstract Background: Measures of ventricular performance, such as the ejection fraction, assume that myocardium is noncompressible and does not change volume significantly from end diastole to end systole. Although this principle is widely accepted as true, little data exist in the literature to support it. Freehand 3-dimensional (3D) echocardiography has previously been shown to be highly accurate for measurement of myocardial mass and volume. Therefore, we hypothesized that it has sufficient accuracy to test the validity of this assumption. We measured myocardial volume at end diastole and end systole in 2 groups of subjects with hypertrophy. Methods: Forty-one healthy young adult athletes and 17 adult patients with hypertension, hypertrophy, normal ejection fraction, and heart failure symptoms underwent examination with freehand 3D echocardiography. Endocardial and epicardial surfaces at end diastole and end systole were reconstructed, and their volumes were computed. From these surface volumes, myocardial volume at end diastole and end systole and epicardial stroke volume and endocardial stroke volume were calculated. These volumes were compared with the 2 sample paired t test. Results: Myocardial volume was constant from diastole to systole (174.7 ± 45.3 mL versus 174.6 ± 45.8 mL; P = not significant), and endocardial and epicardial stroke volumes were identical (76.0 ± 17.4 mL versus 76.0 ± 17.1 mL; P = not significant). The average absolute difference between the end-diastolic and end-systolic myocardial volumes was 1.9 mL, or less than 1.1% of end-diastolic volume. Conclusion: Myocardial volume measured with freehand 3D echocardiography does not change significantly during systole. Myocardial volume may be considered noncompressible for purposes of measurement of ventricular function with freehand 3D echocardiography. Comparison of end-diastolic and end-systolic myocardial volumes may be used for quality assurance in performing 3D reconstructions. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002;15:1503-6.)
Introduction: New Directions in the History of Missionsin Africa

This short article introduces a selection of papers originally presented at the conference, “Africans Meeting Missionaries: Rethinking Colonial Encounters,” held at the University of Minnesota in May 1997. Until quite recently much of the scholarship on missions in Africa tended to reproduce early eighteenth- and nineteenth-century images of the colossal, all-powerful missionary. Whether celebrated as an heroic, civilizing agent in mission accounts or branded as a cultural imperialist in nationalist-era scholarship, the European missionary remained an actor scarcely soiled by the cultural commerce of the people on whom he worked. In short, African religious or political initiatives were seldom taken seriously. The papers which make up this collection give voice to and extend current debates surrounding the contested history (and future) of the missionary enterprise in Africa.
ANTIBODY MEDIATED RENAL TUBULAR DYSFUNCTION IN SJORGRENS SYNDROME (SS): EVIDENCE FOR TRANSPLANCENTAL TRANSFER OF IgG ANTIBODIES REACTIVE WITH RENAL TUBULAR CELL (RTC) ANTIGENS

Renal tubular dysfunction (type I- renal tubular acidosis (RTA) renal failure concentrating defects and Fanconi Syndrome) has been described with SS, but the mechanism(s) responsible are unclear. We describe a patient with SS, type I-RTA, renal failure and a concentrating defect who delivered an 1860 gm female infant.Shortly after birth the neonate exhibited polyuria, a concentrating defect and type I RTA.Using a panel of 5 normal kidney targets, indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and immunoperoxidase (IP) analysis of serum samples obtained from the infant revealed IgG antibodies reactive with RTC antigens and TBM. Similar antibody reactivity against the target kidneys was noted in the mother's serum, but IgM>IgG. Test sera also showed reactivity with normal human salivary gland. At age 10 weeks the infant is thriving, off all medications, and has normal electrolyte values. Repeat IF and IP analysis of serum is negative for pathogenic antibodies. These studies strongly suggest that the transient renal tubular dysfunction was mediated by transplancentally transferred IgG reactive with neonatal RTCs. This thesis is supported by the disappearance of disease concident with disappearnace of pathogenic maternal IgG from the infants serum.
Crowded-Field Astrometry with SIM PlanetQuest. I. Estimating the Single-Measurement Astrometric Bias Arising from Confusion

The accuracy of position measurements of stellar targets with the future Space Interferometry Mis- sion PlanetQuest (SIM) will be limited not only by photon noise and by the properties of the instrument (design, stability, etc.) and the overall measurement program (observing strategy, reduction methods, etc.), but also by the presence of other "confusing" stars in the field of view (FOV). We use a simple phasor model as an aid to under- standing the main effects of this confusion bias in single observations with SIM. This analytic model has been implemented numerically in computer code and applied to a selection of typical SIM target fields drawn from some of the key projects already accepted for the mission. We expect that less than 1% of all SIM targets will be vulnerable to confusion bias; we show that for the present SIM design, confusion may be a concern if the surface density offield stars exceeds 0:4 star arcsec � 2 . We have developed a software tool as an aid to ascertaining the possible presence of confusion bias in single observations of any arbitrary field. Some a priori knowledge of the locations and spectral energy distributions of the few brightest stars in the FOVis helpful in establishing the possible presence of confusion bias, but the information is in general not likely to be available with sufficient accuracy to permit its removal. We discuss several ways of reducing the likelihood of confusion bias in crowded fields. Finally, several limitations of the present semianalytic approach are reviewed, and their effects on the present results are estimated. The simple model presented here provides a good physical understanding of how confusion arises in a single SIM observation, and has sufficient precision to establish the likelihood of a bias in most cases. We close this paper with a list of suggestions for future work on this subject.
Polymer optical fiber sensors for the civil infrastructure

This paper presents intrinsic polymer fiber (POF) sensors for high-strain applications such as the performance-based assessment and health monitoring of civil infrastructure systems subjected to earthquake loading or morphing aircraft. POFs provide a potential maximum strain range of 6-12%, are more flexible that silica optical fibers, and are more durable in harsh chemical or environmental conditions. Recent advances in the fabrication of singlemode POFs have made it possible to extend POFs to interferometric sensor capabilities. Furthermore, the interferometric nature of intrinsic sensors permits high accuracy for such measurements. A formulation for the sensor response is presented, including the finite deformation of the POF cross-section at high strain values and nonlinear strain optic effects in the polymer. In addition, the design of a time-of-flight interferometer for phase measurements over the large strain range required is outlined. Afterwards, initial measurements of the mechanical response of the sensor at various strain rates are presented. Finally the bond strength of specimens with the POF embedded in various structural materials is investigated.
The role for butyrate and propionate in mediating HeLa-cells growth inhibition by human dental plaque fluid from adult periodontal disease

To determine to what extent propionate and butyrate, secreted in vitro by various oral bacteria, account for the growth-inhibiting activity of plaque fluid in gingivitis in the absence or presence of chronic periodontitis, the fluid phase of plaque from each of these disease forms was obtained by homogenizing the bacteria with 0.13 M NaCl, centrifuging the mixture and Millipore-filter-sterilizing the plaque-fluid-extract supernatant. Toxins were detected and measured by growth inhibition of HeLa cells grown in minimal Eagle medium supplemented with calf serum and antibiotics. Samples of butyrate, propionate or plaque-fluid extract were added and inhibition of growth was determined relative to control cultures. The toxins in each extract were characterized by their stability to heat, freeze-drying and elution on gel filtration. Butyrate and propionate contents were measured with a Hewlett-Packard 5880A gas chromatograph. The plaque-fluid extracts from each group had similar contents of butyrate, but most of the activity was due to heat-sensitive high mol. wt components. Butyrate and propionate accounted for only 5 to 15 per cent of the total activity. High mol. wt exotoxins, rather than butyrate or propionate, were the most prominent and freeze-drying-stable tissue-destructive agents in the plaque fluid from subjects with or without periodontitis.
Preparticipation Screening of Competitive Athletes Seeking Simple Solutions to a Complex Problem

Sports used to be simple. The major decision my friends and I faced as youngsters was who would get to be Y.A. Tittle of the New York Giants in our Sunday afternoon football pickup games. The preparticipation screening of athletes also used to be simple and generally consisted of a medical form completed by a parent and a cursory physical examination performed in the gym by a general physician. Now, recreation for many young Americans requires formal play dates, and there are T-ball leagues for those too young to hit an unsupported baseball. The preparticipation screening of athletes also has become more formalized and is, in some countries, a legally regulated activity.1 The goal of both increased athletic supervision and formalized preparticipation screening is to protect young athletes from the risks inherent in athletic participation, but how best to accomplish this goal is now in hot debate. Article p 1085 Screening athletes has received increased attention because the issue of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in athletes and during exercise has become a prominent health issue. Public interest in these events probably arises from both the importance of sport in many societies and the paradox that physical activity can have both a positive and negative impact on an individual’s health.2 It is clear that vigorous exertion transiently increases the risk of SCD in individuals with established cardiovascular disease.2 Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is the primary pathological finding in individuals >40 years of age who die during physical activity, whereas inherited cardiovascular conditions are primarily responsible for such events in younger athletes.2 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), an entity described shortly before Tittle played for the Giants,3 accounts for most (36% to 44%) of these deaths in American athletes, with other abnormalities, including anomalous coronary arteries (17%), myocarditis (6%), …
Reconstruction of objects with jagged edges through Rao-Blackwellized fitting of piecewise smooth subdivision curves

In some applications objects are known to have non-smooth or "jagged" edges, which are not well approximated by smooth curves. We use subdivision curves as a simple but flexible curve representation, which allows tagging corners to model non-smooth features along otherwise smooth curves. A Markov chain Monte Carlo approach yields an approximate posterior distribution over tags, while Rao-Blackwellization allows us to integrate out the control point locations by an approximation. We apply this general methodology to multi-view reconstruction of piecewise smooth curves from multiple calibrated views in which the object has been segmented from the background. Results are shown for multiple images of two pot shards as would be encountered in archaeological applications.
Information Outage Probability and Diversity Order of Alamouti Transmit Diversity in Time-Selective Fading Channels

We analyze the effect of time-selective fading on the information outage probability and diversity order of Alamouti transmit diversity with joint maximum likelihood, symbolwise linear maximum likelihood, zero forcing, and decision feedback detectors. In contrast to the existing bit error rate (BER) and bit error outage (BEO) analyses, we evaluate the information outage probabilities and corresponding asymptotic diversity orders for each detector. From the theoretical and simulation results, we demonstrate that, when the channel is time selective, the asymptotic diversity orders for the four detectors approach two, zero, one, and one, respectively.
Parallelization of loops with exits on pipelined architectures

Modulo scheduling theory can be applied successfully to overlap Fortran DO loops on pipelined computers issuing multiple operations per cycle both with and without special loop architectural support. It is shown that a broader class of loops-repeat-until, while, and loops with more than one exit-where the trip count is not known beforehand, can also be overlapped efficiently on multiple issue pipelined machines. Special features that are required in the architecture as well as compiler representations for accelerating these loop constructions are discussed. The approach uses hardware architectural support, program transformation techniques, performance bounds calculations, and scheduling heuristics. Performance results are presented for a few select examples. A prototype scheduler is currently under construction for the Cydra 5 directed dataflow computer. >
Malcolm Baldridge award as strategic leverage for educational and other service-related institutions

Since its inception in 1987, the Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award (MBNQA) is given to establishments in various industries for their achievements through improving quality. At first glance, the award appears to favour manufacturing facilities, having received 40% of the awards over its history. Based on the origination and importance of quality management in manufacturing, this should come as no surprise. The focus of the paper is to evaluate if manufacturing has ultimately favoured compared to other industries and how the award has impacted some of the other industries included in them, namely small business, healthcare, and education. Taking industry size into account an industry comparison revealed that education is well represented and healthcare is underrepresented. Small business has decreased slightly in awards due to the addition of new categories in 1999. Overall, the facilities that have won the awards have been stories of success. Therefore, quality management can help improve all establishments regardless of industry.
Scaling Relations of Strike-Slip Earthquakes with Different Slip-Rate-Dependent Properties at Depth

Abstract Empirical observations suggest that earthquake stress drop is generally constant. To investigate the effect of rupture width on earthquake scaling relations, we analyze synthetic seismicity produced by a 3D vertical strike-slip fault model using two different profiles of frictional slip-rate behavior below the seismogenic zone. Within the rate-and-state framework, a relatively abrupt transition of the a – b profile from velocity weakening to strengthening at the base of the seismogenic crust produces increasing slip and stress drop with increasing event size. Choosing a smoother transition allows large earthquakes to propagate deeper, leading to similar slip-length scaling but constant stress-drop scaling. Our numerical experiments support the idea that the maintenance of constant stress drop across the entire range of observed earthquake magnitudes may be achieved by allowing coseismic slip to rupture to depths below the seismogenic layer.
Damage Detection in Offshore Platforms Using Vibration Information

Damage detection based on changes in dynamic characteristics is considered for eight-legged k-braced steel offshore oil and gas production towers. Both experimental and analytical results are presented to improve damage detection capabilities. A 1/50th scale plastic model representing the structural system of a typical full-scale tower in 218 ft of water is used for the studies. Effects of severance of diagonal bracing members on selected vibration frequencies and mode shape parameters measurable at the deck are investigated. The effects of changes in deck mass, increase in jacket mass, and deck mass eccentricity on the selected parameters are also investigated and are shown to be different from the effects of damage.
Avian 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase: sensitivity of enzyme activity to thiol/disulfide exchange and identification of proximal reactive cysteines.

Catalysis by purified avian 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase is critically dependent on the reduction state of the enzyme, with less than 1% of optimal activity being observed with the air-oxidized enzyme. The enzyme is irreversibly inactivated by sulfhydryl-directed reagents with the rate of this inactivation being highly dependent upon the redox state of a critical cysteine. Methylation of reduced avian lyase with 1 mM 4-methylnitrobenzene sulfonate results in rapid inactivation of the enzyme with a k(inact) of 0.178 min-1. The oxidized enzyme is inactivated at a sixfold slower rate (k(inact) = 0.028 min-1). Inactivation of the enzyme with the reactive substrate analog 2-butynoyl-CoA shows a similar dependence upon the enzyme's redox state, with a sevenfold difference in k(inact) observed with oxidized vs. reduced forms of the enzyme. Chemical cross-linking of the reduced enzyme with stoichiometric amounts of the bifunctional reagents 1,3-dibromo-2-propanone (DBP) or N,N'-ortho-phenylene-dimaleimide (PDM) coincides with rapid inactivation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of enzyme treated with bifunctional reagent reveals a band of twice the molecular weight of the lyase monomer, indicating that an intersubunit cross-link has been formed. Differential labeling of native and cross-linked protein with [1-14C]iodoacetate has identified as the primary cross-linking target a cysteine within the sequence VSQAACR, which maps at the carboxy-terminus of the cDNA-deduced sequence of the avian enzyme (Mitchell, G.A., et al., 1991, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 49, 101). In contrast, bacterial HMG-CoA lyase, which contains no corresponding cysteine, is not cross-linked by comparable treatment with bifunctional reagent. These results provide evidence for a potential regulatory mechanism for the eukaryotic enzyme via thiol/disulfide exchange and identify a cysteinyl residue with the reactivity and juxtaposition required for participation in disulfide formation.
Covering Properties of Rank Metric Codes

In this paper, we investigate the covering properties of rank metric codes. We first study the properties of balls with rank radii, and derive several useful results. We then derive both upper and lower bounds on the minimal cardinality of a code with given length and rank covering radius. Using these bounds, we obtain some covering properties of linear rank metric codes.
A security measure for random load disturbances in nonlinear power system models

This paper proposes a security measure to indicate vulnerability to voltage collapse in electric power systems. The voltage-collapse phenomenon is modeled as a large deviation in the nonlinear dynamics of the system, driven by small magnitude, broad spectrum disturbances in load. This model relates the collapse to shrinking of the region of attraction for the operating point. The security measure indicating vulnerability to voltage collapse is based on expected exit time from the region of attraction for the stable operating point. It is shown that expected exit time can be related to a natural Lyapunov function for the power system, and that a security measure based on this expected exit time can be calculated simply by evaluating an exponential function of the Lyapunov "energy" at a neighboring load flow solution.
A prostate-specific antigen–activated N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymer prodrug as dual-targeted therapy for prostate cancer

Prostate cancer targeted peptide prodrugs that are activated by the serine protease activity of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are under development in our laboratory. To enhance delivery and solubility of these prodrugs, macromolecular carriers consisting of N -(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA)–based copolymers were covalently coupled to a PSA-activated peptide prodrug. HPMA copolymers are water-soluble, nonimmunogenic synthetic carriers that exhibit promise for drug delivery applications. These macromolecular copolymers enter the interstitium of solid tumors by the enhanced permeability and retention effect. The PSA-activated peptide substrate imparts selectivity because it is specifically hydrolyzed to release a cytotoxin at the site of prostate tumor. Enzymatically active PSA is present in high amounts in the extracellular fluid of a tumor, but PSA is inactivated in blood by binding to serum protease inhibitors. As an initial proof of concept, the HPMA copolymer was synthesized with a peptide substrate (HSSKLQ) bound to a fluorophore, 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC). PSA cleavage of the HPMA-HSSKLQ-AMC copolymer was observed, which led to the synthesis of an HPMA-based copolymer with the prodrug SSKYQ-L12ADT [HPMA–morpholinocarbonyl-Ser-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Gln-Leu-12-aminododecanoyl thapsigargin (JHPD)]. L12ADT is a potent analogue of the highly cytotoxic natural product thapsigargin. HPMA-JHPD was hydrolyzed by PSA in vitro and was toxic to prostate cancer cells in the presence of active PSA. The HPMA-JHPD produced no systemic toxicity when given at a 500 μmol/L L12ADT equivalent dose. Analysis of tumor tissue from mice treated with a single or multiple dose of the HPMA-JHPD copolymer showed release and accumulation of the L12ADT toxin within the tumor tissue. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(11):2928–37]
Feast AND Famine: A Statewide Science Serial Collection Assessment in Illinois

In 2004, a group of Illinois librarians was awarded a research grant to assess the state of Illinois’ science serial collection. This collection assessment focused on academic libraries in the state, specifically those participating in the Consortium of Academic Research Libraries in Illinois (CARLI), but also including another 10 academic libraries in the state that do not belong to the consortium. Current serial subscription data were collected through both automated and manual means and the analysis was conducted in conjunction with Ulrich’s Serials Analysis System. Due to cataloging limitations and issues surrounding different ISSNs for print and electronic formats, the study centered on current (as of spring 2005) print serial subscriptions. Results found that well over half of the state’s print serial subscriptions were Illinois’ “last copy” and another 13 percent were at risk, with only two copies owned in the state. And while most titles were limited to one print copy within Illinois, other titles have wide accessibility and duplication at a high cost to the state.
Solving factored MDPs via non-homogeneous partitioning

This paper describes an algorithm for solving large state-space MDPs (represented as factored MDPs) using search by successive refinement in the space of non-homogeneous partitions. Homogeneity is defined in terms of bisimulation and reward equivalence within blocks of a partition. Since homogeneous partitions that define equivalent reduced state-space MDPs can have a large number of blocks, we relax the requirement of homogeneity. The algorithm constructs approximate aggregate MDPs from non-homogeneous partitions, solves the aggregate MDPs exactly, and then uses the resulting value functions as part of a heuristic in refining the current best non-homogeneous partition. We outline the theory motivating the use of this heuristic and present empirical results and comparisons.
Suizid gefährdete Patienten

Psychische Phanomene - Das Phanomen Suizidalitat gab es zu allen Zeiten. Und seit jeher existieren gegensatzliche Standpunkte in der Bewertung suizidaler Handlungen. Der Bewertungsbogen reicht von Suizidalitat als Ausdruck groster Freiheit bis hin zum Ausdruck starkster Einengung durch psychische Krankheit oder Unfreiheit seelischer, korperlicher oder sozialer Art.
Control of terminal engagement geometry using generalized vector explicit guidance

This paper evaluates a new guidance law termed generalized vector explicit guidance (GENEX). This guidance law has the ability to simultaneously achieve design specifications on miss distance and final missile-target relative orientation. The latter specification may be used to enhance the performance of warheads whose effectiveness is influenced by the terminal encounter geometry. The GENEX guidance law is parameterized in terms of a design coefficient n which is specified by the user and which determines the degree of curvature (and hence control usage) in the trajectory. Feasibility of the GENEX guidance law was demonstrated by its application to a missile terminal homing scenario. Under conditions of ideal sensor information, and assuming a simplified single-lag missile response model, the guidance was shown to perform well against an air target performing evasive maneuvers. The specified zero aspect terminal encounter angle was achieved while simultaneously minimizing the miss distance.
An interpretive comment on McKeown's restoration of wholeness to Despine's magnetic cure.

McKeown's article, “Restoring Literary Wholeness to the Fragmented Account of Antoine Despine's Magnetic Cure of Estelle L'Hardy's Dissociative Disorder,” gives valuable historical information on t...
Effect of Antibiotic Class and Concentration on the Release of Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli

The ability of six antibiotics from different classes to release radiolabeled lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from a phenotypically smooth galE mutant of Escherichia coli O111:B4 was examined. Antibiotic concentrations were 0.0625-512 micrograms/mL. LPS release increased as a function of the antibiotic concentration, reaching a limit at or near the concentration that killed the majority of bacteria. The maximum amount of LPS released by polymyxin B was 40.6% +/- 0.9%, by gentamicin 58.2% +/- 2.5%, by ciprofloxacin 65.8% +/- 2.5%, by ceftazidime 73.1% +/- 0.9%, by tetracycline 75.3% +/- 10.0%, and by imipenem 79.7% +/- 2.3%. In timed experiments, ceftazidime released 61.9% +/- 1.2%, imipenem 51.1% +/- 8.8%, and tetracycline 39.7% +/- 4.4% of the LPS within the first hour of incubation, whereas polymyxin B released 13.5% +/- 1.9%, gentamicin 9.8% +/- 3.6%, and ciprofloxacin 12.7% +/- 2.6% of the LPS (P < .05). Fluoro-radiography and immunoblot analyses revealed similar migration patterns for antibiotic-released and cell-bound LPS on SDS-PAGE gels, suggesting similar O-polysaccharide content in the two LPS fractions. The amount and rate of LPS release from an E. coli strain was dependent upon antibiotic class and concentration.
Antinociceptive action of vaginocervical stimulation in rat spinal cord: 2-DG analysis

Using [14C] 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiography with computerized densitometric analysis, unilateral foot pinch was found to significantly increase the relative optical density in laminae I and II of the ipsilateral, compared to the contralateral, spinal cord at lumbar 5 (L5). However, during vaginocervical mechanostimulation applied concurrently with the unilateral foot pinch, no comparable difference was observed. No response to foot pinch was observed in other laminae of the spinal cord at L5, and no effects comparable to the above were observed at L3. These findings indicate that vaginocervical mechanostimulation suppresses neural responses to noxious foot pinch stimulation selectively at the laminae I and II level of the spinal cord at L5, but not at L3.
Tremor suppression through impedance control

This paper presents a method for designing tremor suppression systems that achieve a specified reduction in pathological tremor power through controlling the impedance of the human-machine interface. Position, rate, and acceleration feedback are examined and two techniques for the selection of feedback coefficients are discussed. Both techniques seek a desired closed-loop human-machine frequency response and require the development of open-loop human-machine models through system identification. The design techniques were used to develop a tremor suppression system that was subsequently evaluated using human subjects. It is concluded that nonadaptive tremor suppression systems that utilize impedance control to achieve a specified reduction in tremor power can be successfully designed when accurate open-loop human-machine models are available.
Isolation and Characterization of Low-Kynureninase Mutants of Neurospora crassa

Two kynureninase activities are known in Neurospora crassa, one of which (kynureninase I) is inducible, the other (kynureninase II) being constitutive. A method is described for the isolation of low-kynureninase mutants of N. crassa. When grown on an inducer, the mutants show significantly less kynureninase I activity compared with wild type, whereas constitutive kynureninase II activity is unaffected. Since a low level of kynureninase I activity remains in the mutants examined, the mutations may be in a regulatory gene or genes. Other experiments are described concerning the molecular weights of the two enzymes and the intracellular localization and specificity of kynureninase II.
Contact efflorescence as a pathway for crystallization of atmospherically relevant particles

Inadequate knowledge of the phase state of atmospheric particles represents a source of uncertainty in global climate and air quality models. Hygroscopic aqueous inorganic particles are often assumed to remain liquid throughout their atmospheric lifetime or only (re)crystallize at low relative humidity (RH) due to the kinetic limitations of efflorescence (salt crystal nucleation and growth from an aqueous solution). Here we present experimental observations of a previously unexplored heterogeneous nucleation pathway that we have termed "contact efflorescence," which describes efflorescence initiated by an externally located solid particle coming into contact with the surface of a metastable aqueous microdroplet. This study demonstrates that upon a single collision, contact efflorescence is a pathway for crystallization of atmospherically relevant aqueous particles at high ambient RH (≤80%). Soluble inorganic crystalline particles were used as contact nuclei to induce efflorescence of aqueous ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4], sodium chloride (NaCl), and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), with efflorescence being observed in several cases close to their deliquescence RH values (80%, 75%, and 62%, respectively). To our knowledge, these observations represent the highest reported efflorescence RH values for microdroplets of these salts. These results are particularly important for considering the phase state of NH4NO3, where the contact efflorescence RH (∼20-60%) is in stark contrast to the observation that NH4NO3 microdroplets do not homogeneously effloresce, even when exposed to extremely arid conditions (<1% RH). Considering the occurrence of particle collisions in the atmosphere (i.e., coagulation), these observations of contact efflorescence challenge many assumptions made about the phase state of inorganic aerosol.
Thomas Jefferson, Slavery, and Slaves

Thomas Jefferson was a controversial and divisive figure during his own lifetime, and has not grown less so with time. Perhaps no other person had a greater impact on the shaping of the American legal system than Jefferson. And perhaps no other person so completely embodied the contradictions and hypocrisies of the early American approach to questions of slavery and race: as Frederick Douglass put it, "the contradiction in the Constitution." Arguments may and do rage about Jefferson's religious faith or lack thereof, and on his views on federalism and states' rights or on the balance between government and individual liberty. Yet nothing about Jefferson elicits as immediate and emotional a response as his peculiarly complex relationship to the institution of slavery, and consequently to race.The three sections of this article provide a preliminary exploration of Jefferson's views on slavery and race, and his relationships with slavery and slaves. The first attempts to describe Jefferson's relationship to the institution of slavery, both as a slave owner and as a political figure; as much as possible, it presents Jefferson's views on slavery and on race in his own words. This section also sets forth some of the notable features of the law of slavery in Jefferson's time, and attempts to measure Jefferson's impact on slavery.The second section discusses the case of Howell v. Netherland, one of the two cases argued by Thomas Jefferson preserved in the law reports of colonial Virginia (compiled by Jefferson himself). Samuel Howell, an indentured servant, brought an action against his master for freedom; Jefferson represented him, unsuccessfully, before a judge (George Wythe, Jefferson's former law professor) who was far less ambivalent than Jefferson in his personal opposition to slavery.The third section discusses the relationship, or what is known and what is believed and disbelieved about it, between Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings. Hemings, a slave, was the half-sister of Jefferson's wife, and he was and is widely believed to have been the father of her children. The lives of Jefferson, Hemings, and their children and other family members are historically interesting. Our latter-day reactions to ongoing discoveries about them are at least as interesting for what they say about us and the degree to which, as a nation, we have succeeded or failed in coming to terms with the divide that defined Jefferson and his times.
Improved compensation for a reduction stepper to meet the challenges for advanced packaging applications

Advanced packaging manufacturers require steppers that will provide solutions for the challenges encountered with new advances in wafer-level packaging technologies such as TSV, eWLB, silicon and glass interposers being utilized in leading edge mobile devices. Step and repeat photolithography systems capable of finer imaging with tighter overlay are being introduced to meet the challenging manufacturing requirements associated with the mix and match needed for volume production on larger wafers. A 2X reduction stepper with unique features incorporated that extend the range of compensation is necessary to achieve the tighter specifications needed for many advanced packaging applications printed on 300 to 450mm wafers. A high throughput projection optical system is used to expose circuit patterns from a reticle mask onto a substrate to image features with the optimal fidelity required for advanced packaging technologies. The camera incorporates 350–450nm light from a mercury arc lamp that is transmitted thr...
Additive Manufacturing of CFRP Composites Using Fused Deposition Modeling: Effects of Carbon Fiber Content and Length

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have been successfully applied in various applications. Fused deposition modeling (FDM), one of popular AM techniques, is most widely used method for manufacturing of plastic materials. Due to the poor strength properties of pure plastic materials, there is a critical need to improve mechanical properties for FDM-fabricated pure plastic parts. One of the possible methods is adding reinforced materials (such as carbon fibers) into plastic materials to form carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites. The investigation in this paper is going to test if the properties of CFRP composites part will be enhanced compared with pure plastic part made by FDM. There are three major steps in this paper including producing thermoplastic matrix CFRP composites filaments extruded after blending plastic pellets and carbon fiber powder, printing parts in FDM process, and conducting tensile test. Effects of carbon fiber content and length on the mechanical properties (tensile strength, Young’s modulus, toughness, ductility, and yield strength) of specimens are investigated. This investigation will also provide guidance for future investigations of fabricating thermoset matrix CFRP composites by AM techniques.© 2015 ASME
Practice Parameters for Evaluation of Headache

The Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society have developed practice parameters for evaluation of children and adolescents with recurrent headaches.
Evaluations of selected insecticides for control of permethrin-resistant Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on chrysanthemum

Several rates of the insecticides CGA 72662 O.4E, pyrazophos 2.5E, MK 936 0.03E (Avermectin B1), and SD 52618 85W were applied to chrysanthemum plants containing permethrin-susceptible, newly eclosed or third-stage larvae of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in the laboratory to determine comparative toxicity under controlled conditions. All materials and rates except the lowest rate of SD 52618 (12.0 g of AI/100 liters of water) provided better than 85% control of larvae within leaves. Field phytotoxicity trials revealed that CGA 72662 was the only insecticide which was phytotoxic after repeated applications to chrysanthemum. Field efficacy trials with flies showing ca. 30-fold resistance to permethrin demonstrated that, when completed number of mines per plant are compared, the order of decreasing efficacy was MK 936, pyrazophos, and SD 52618. A standard insecticide combination included in this field evaluation, microencapsulated methyl parathion 2E plus permethrin 2E, failed to produce a marketable chrysanthemum crop.
Differential impact of personality traits on distracted driving behaviors in teens and older adults.

Abstract Objective To determine the impact of personality on distracted driving behaviors. Method Participants included 120 drivers (48 teens, 72 older adults) who completed the 45-item Big Five Personality questionnaire assessing self-reported personality factors and the Questionnaire Assessing Distracted Driving (QUADD) assessing the frequency of distracted driving behaviors. Associations for all five personality traits with each outcome (e.g., number of times texting on the phone, talking on the phone, and interacting with the phone while driving) were analyzed separately for teens and older adults using negative binomial or Poisson regressions that controlled for age, gender and education. Results In teens, higher levels of openness and conscientiousness were predictive of greater reported texting frequency and interacting with a phone while driving, while lower levels of agreeableness was predictive of fewer reported instances of texting and interacting with a phone while driving. In older adults, greater extraversion was predictive of greater reported talking on and interacting with a phone while driving. Other personality factors were not significantly associated with distracted driving behaviors. Conclusions Personality traits may be important predictors of distracted driving behaviors, though specific traits associated with distracted driving may vary across age groups. The relationship between personality and distracted driving behaviors provides a unique opportunity to target drivers who are more likely to engage in distracted driving behavior, thereby increasing the effectiveness of educational campaigns and improving driving safety.
Design Patent: U.S. Dramatic Changes Due to AIA

Everyone will benefit from a full discussion of the AIA impact on design patent law and practice. Comments and questions on this topic are welcomed. An effort will be made to post on the fryer.com web these communications, where feasible.Dramatic changes have occurred in U. S. design patent law and practice due to the America Invents Act (AIA), enacted on September 16, 2012, Patent Reform Act of 2011, H. R. 1249 (112th Cong., 1st Sess.), Public Law No: 112-29). A copy of this legislation should be close on each patent attorney's desk. It is available on the Thomas Library of Congress web site. This new law changes some of the core features of design patent law on novelty standards, strategy during patent examination before grant, and when infringement litigation may occur. For foreign patent attorneys, they will find the changes very close to their national law and practice. It is the U.S. attorney that will have to make the big adjustment and go back to school to learn the new U.S. patent law and reconsider their patent strategies.
Suppressing the Effects of Aliasing and IQ Imbalance on Multiband Spectrum Sensing

In cognitive radio networks, secondary users (SUs) can use a frequency band when the primary user (PU) of the band is not transmitting. Spectrum sensing is one of the methods that SUs employ to know if the PU has stopped transmitting. Accurate spectrum sensing boosts the likelihood that an SU detects a spectrum opportunity. However, it will be challenging for affordable receivers to support accurate spectrum sensing due to receiver impairments, including IQ imbalance and aliasing. Several other papers have developed methods that can address the effects of IQ imbalance in spectrum sensing. This paper presents a technique that can address not only IQ imbalance but the effects of aliasing on multiband spectrum sensing as well. We use channelized spectrum-domain modeling of receivers to develop the technique. This paper presents the theoretical development of the receiver modeling technique and the proposed spectrum sensing mechanism. The performance of the proposed mechanism is evaluated using simulations and hardware-based measurements. The results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism significantly enhances the opportunity detection probability of affordable cognitive radios with high IQ imbalance and poor antialiasing filter selectivity performances.
A Self-Adjustable Clock Generator With Wide Dynamic Range in 28 nm FDSOI

This work demonstrates a self-adjustable clock generator that closely tracks the voltage dependence of the critical path delay in a microprocessor. A tunable replica circuit (TRC) composed of inverter cells from the standard-cell library performs real-time frequency modulation to reduce the response time to a single cycle, and a digital controller quantizes the clock frequency by selecting appropriate phases of a delay-locked loop (DLL) that generates 16 phases of 2 GHz output. A watchdog unit continuously monitors the clock output to guard against metastability arising from the asynchronous path between the controller and the DLL. The proposed design is implemented in a 28 nm UTBB FDSOI technology and occupies an area of 1120 $\mu \text {m}^{2}$ with 2.7 mW power consumption. The generator has a wide tuning range of 550–2260 MHz at 1 V, functions at 35 MHz at 0.4 V, and can continuously synthesize the clock signal for arbitrary voltage waveforms between 0.4 V and 1 V.
Direct observation of ultrafast excited state dynamics in condensed phase photochemistry and photobiology

Tunable, ultrashort, sub 40 fs, pulses have been used to investigate the excited state photochemistry and photophysics of vitamin B12 and the B12 coenzymes 5’-deoxyadenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin.