cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The periphysis and its effect on the metaphysis. II. Application to rickets and other abnormalities.

The metaphyseal collar due to the periphysis is lost (in 98% of 49 subjects) as an early sign of rickets and returns with recovery. The term “pseudophysis” refers to that unossified metaphyseal osteoid and cartilage as in rickets. The collar is intact in metaphyseal chondrodysplasias (a helpful sign in differential diagnosis from rickets), is shortened in achondroplasia, and frequently is spared in osteomyelitis, luetic bone disease, and Caffey infantile cortical hyperostosis. The periphyseal bone bark is thinned, but often apparent, in rickets, and is not thinned in cases of tyrosinosis and phenylketonuria.
Amino-terminal arm of the λ repressor: a 1H NMR study

The N-terminal arm of the lambda repressor is shown to be flexible in solution by one- and two-dimensional 1H NMR methods. In particular, the relaxation of Thr-2 is largely independent of macromolecular tumbling. The conformation of the operator-binding domain is not affected by the removal of the first three residues nor by a point mutation, Lys-4----Gln. These results support a proposed model of the lambda repressor-operator complex in which the N-terminal arm of the repressor is assumed to be flexible and to wrap around the operator double helix.
Finite Element-Based Damage Detection Using Expanded Ritz Vector Residuals

The incomplete measurement problem poses a significant obstacle for both model correlation and structural health monitoring (SHM). In practice, information about the health of a structure must be ascertained using measurement data from only a limited number of sensors. Several approaches to this problem have been proposed. One approach involves a reduced order model, such as that obtained using methods such as the Guyan reduction, the Improved Reduced System Model, or the System Equivalent Reduction Process. A second approach, which this work considers, involves an expansion of the test data to match a higher-fidelity model. This work presents a damage detection method utilizing Ritz vectors and the Method of Expanded Dynamic Residuals (MEDR). Ritz vectors have several advantages over eigenvectors for application to damage detection, including lower sensitivity to noise, and, as a result of their load-dependent nature, a greater sensitivity to localized damage. The MEDR restricts identified damage locations to those where there is physical connectivity, which eliminates the “smearing” that plagues direct expansion methods, and provides a physically meaningful estimate of the damage location. LA-UR-12-25460.
Principle of Minimum Potential Energy

Purpose of Lesson To introduce the principle of minimum potential energy and the concept of a functional (a function of a function).
Quantifying the roles of bedrock damage and microclimate on potential soil production rates, erosion rates, and topographic steepness: A case study of the San Gabriel Mountains, California

Discerning how tectonic uplift rates, climate, soil production rates, erosion rates, and topography interact is essential for understanding the geomorphic evolution of mountain ranges. Perhaps the key independent variable in this interaction is the potential soil production rate, i.e., the upper limit at which bedrock can be converted into transportable material. In this paper I document the controls on potential soil production rates using the San Gabriel Mountains (SGM) of California as a case study. The prevailing conceptual model for the geomorphic evolution of the SGM is that tectonic uplift rates control topographic steepness, erosion rates, and potential soil production rates. I test the alternative hypothesis that bedrock damage and microclimate also exert first-order controls on landscape evolution in the SGM via their influence on potential soil production rates. I develop an empirical equation that relates potential soil production rates in the SGM to a bedrock damage index that depends on the local density of faults and a microclimatic index that relates to aspect-driven variations in vegetation cover and wildfire severity and frequency. Assuming a balance between soil production and erosion rates at the hillslope scale, I further show that observed trends in topographic steepness can be reproduced using the empirical equation for potential soil production rates. The results suggest that tectonic uplift rates, bedrock damage, and microclimate play co-equal and interacting roles in controlling landscape evolution in the SGM and perhaps other tectonically active mountain ranges.
Oligosaccharyltransferase inhibition induces senescence in RTK-driven tumor cells

Asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation is a protein modification critical for glycoprotein folding, stability, and cellular localization. To identify small molecules that inhibit new targets in this biosynthetic pathway, we initiated a cell-based high-throughput screen and lead-compound-optimization campaign that delivered a cell-permeable inhibitor, NGI-1. NGI-1 targets oligosaccharyltransferase (OST), a hetero-oligomeric enzyme that exists in multiple isoforms and transfers oligosaccharides to recipient proteins. In non-small-cell lung cancer cells, NGI-1 blocks cell-surface localization and signaling of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) glycoprotein, but selectively arrests proliferation in only those cell lines that are dependent on EGFR (or fibroblast growth factor, FGFR) for survival. In these cell lines, OST inhibition causes cell-cycle arrest accompanied by induction of p21, autofluorescence, and cell morphology changes, all hallmarks of senescence. These results identify OST inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach for treating receptor-tyrosine-kinase-dependent tumors and provides a chemical probe for reversibly regulating N-linked glycosylation in mammalian cells.
Ion channels, ion channel receptors, and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome.

Ion channels are expressed throughout the gastrointestinal system and regulate nearly every aspect of digestion, including fluid secretion and absorption, motility, and visceral sensitivity. It is therefore not surprising that in the setting of functional bowel disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ion channels are often altered in terms of expression level and function and are a target of pharmacological intervention. This is particularly true of their role in driving abdominal pain through visceral hypersensitivity (VH), which is the main reason IBS patients seek medical care. In the study by Scanzi et al., in the current issue of this journal, they provide evidence that the T-type voltage-gated calcium channel (Cav) Cav3.2 is upregulated in human IBS patients, and is necessary for the induction of an IBS-like disease state in mice. In this mini-review, we will discuss the contribution of specific ion channels to VH in IBS, both in human patients and rodent models. We will also discuss how Cav3.2 may play a role as an integrator of multiple environmental stimuli contributing toward VH.
Examining the Course of Suicidal and Nonsuicidal Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors in Outpatient and Inpatient Adolescents.

Suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) among youth are major public health concerns. Although a growing body of research has focused on the complex association between nonsuicidal and suicidal self-injury, the temporal relationship between these two classes of behaviors is unclear. The current study addresses this empirical gap by examining the course of SITBs in adolescents receiving outpatient (N = 106; 82.1 % female) and inpatient (N = 174; 75.9 % female) treatment. SITBs (co-occurrence, age-of-onset, and time lag between SITBs) and major psychiatric disorders were assessed at a single time point with well-validated structured interviews. Adolescents in both clinical samples reported high co-occurrence of SITBs: most adolescents reported both lifetime nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal thoughts. A similar temporal pattern of SITBs was reported in the two samples: thoughts of NSSI and suicide ideation had the earliest age-of-onset, followed by NSSI behaviors, suicide plans, and suicide attempts. However, the age-of-onset for each SITB was younger in the inpatient sample than in the outpatient sample. In terms of time lag between SITBs, suicide ideation occurred on average before initial engagement in NSSI, suggesting that pathways to NSSI and suicidal behavior may occur simultaneously rather than in succession from nonsuicidal to suicidal self-injury. Results also indicated that the time to transition between SITBs was relatively fast, and that a key period for intervention and prevention is within the first 6–12 months after the onset of suicidal thinking. Taken together, these findings have important implications for understanding the time-lagged relationship between nonsuicidal and suicidal self-injury.
635. Mechanisms of Caspase-1 Mediated Schwannoma Regression

Schwannomas are tumors composed of Schwann-lineage cells that form along peripheral nerves. These tumors can cause pain, sensory/motor dysfunction, and death through compression of peripheral nerves, the spinal cord, and/or the brain stem. Management of these tumors-essentially restricted to operative resection and gamma-knife debulking- is limited in scope and efficacy and has significant associated morbidity. Chemotherapeutic treatment strategies have shown incomplete and transient tumor regression. Treatment of Schwannomas remains a major unmet clinical need.Schwannomas are appealing targets for gene therapy as they: 1) grow slowly, 2) have cellular and genetic homogeneity, and 3) can be readily localized using magnetic resonance and/or ultrasound imaging for direct intratumoral vector injection. Gene-therapy is potentially advantageous compared to resection as gene therapy is minimally invasive, kills tumor cells without damaging tumor-associated nerve, and may allow treatment of lesions not amenable to resection. We have previously published that schwannomas can be effectively treated with a gene therapy strategy that uses an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector to deliver the apoptotic and inflammatory enzyme ICE (IL1-converting enzyme, aka caspase-1) under the Schwann cell specific promoter, myelin Protein 0 (P0). It efficiently debulkes schwannomas and resolves schwannoma associated pain, without any neuronal toxicity.However, the mechanisms by which AAV-P0-ICE selectively kills schwannomas without causing schwann-cell damage and associated neural demyelination are not clear. Understanding these mechanisms would provide the basis for broader utilization of schwannoma gene therapy and insight into how we might increase the efficacy of our current therapy.Through this project we have explored how the role of the P0 promoter and the inflammasome in regulating selective killing of schwannoma cells. Our results indicate that P0 is a highly stringent promoter as it is not expressed in neurons or even in schwannoma cells grown in vitro. P0 is active only in schwann and schannoma cells in vivo, and lack of P0 activity prevents any caspase-1 induced death in other cell types. Second, our data indicates that caspase-1 killing requires concomitant activation of the inflammasome. This pathway was active in 2 different schwannoma cell lines and may be the differentiating factor that prevents caspase-1 to cause axonal demyelination following AAV-P0-ICE injection into peripheral nerve. Finally, our data indicate that adjuvant treatment with factors that stimulate the inflammasome activity increases the efficacy of caspase-1 mediated schwannoma killing. Taken together, these data strongly support the safety of using the P0 promoter for the development of gene therapies for schwannomas and provide new, more efficient, venues for schwannoma capsase-1 mediated gene therapy.
SYMBOLIC VERSUS SUBSTANTIVE REGULATORY DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS: THE CASE OF FORD MOTOR COMPANY IN THE EARLY 1900s

Companies have used accounting-related standards and regulations to disseminate useful information to stakeholders and decision-makers for the past century. These requirements can be categorized al...
Can Democracy be Deliberative & Participatory? The Democratic Case for Political Uses of Mini-Publics

This essay focuses on recent proposals to confer decisional status upon deliberative mini-publics such as citizens' juries, Deliberative Polls, and citizens' assemblies. Against such proposals, I argue that inserting deliberative mini-publics into political decision-making processes would diminish the democratic legitimacy of the political system as a whole. This negative conclusion invites a question: which political uses of mini-publics would yield genuinely democratic improvements? Drawing from a participatory conception of deliberative democracy, I propose several uses of mini-publics that could enhance the democratic legitimacy of political decision-making in current societies.
The Stony Brook Temperament Study: Early Antecedents and Pathways to Emotional Disorders

In this article, we summarize findings from the Stony Brook Temperament Study, which seeks to elucidate the early antecedents and pathways to later depressive and anxiety disorders. The study focuses on parents’ internalizing disorders and children's early temperament as distal risk factors that operate, in part, through biobehavioral reward and threat systems. We summarize findings linking parents’ emotional disorders and observations of children's early temperament to subsequent neural measures of children's affective processing. Next, we review findings showing that children's temperament and affective processing predict subsequent depression and anxiety. We also show that many of these associations are moderated by environmental factors, such as parenting and stress. Finally, we relate our findings to literature on the relationships of early temperament and affective processing to anxiety and depression in youth.
Protein Adjustments of Wheat Flag Leaves in Response to Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Enrichment

Rubisco is an extremely abundant enzyme and it typically comprises about 30% of the total N invested in mature leaves. Rubisco protein concentrations in leaves are almost certainly in excess during plant growth in shade or in atmospheres enriched with carbon dioxide. A down regulation of Rubisco activity and of Rubisco protein concentrations occurs during photosynthetic decline in response to long-term growth in elevated carbon dioxide. Changes of leaf protein concentrations during carbon dioxide enrichment potentially could serve to optimize the photosynthetic apparatus and to achieve a better balance between carboxylation and other reactions in the chloroplast (1, 2). According to this hypothesis specific photosynthetic proteins are up or down regulated in a coordinated manner. Alternatively, protein adjustments in response to carbon dioxide enrichment could represent an acceleration of development and this would result in early maturation and premature leaf senescence (3). In this report, we have compared changes of soluble protein, Rubisco protein and total CM in flag leaves of wheat plants grown in the field with either ambient or elevated carbon dioxide.
Social Costs of Environmental Justice Associated with the Practice of Green Marketing

This paper presents a conceptual link among green marketing, environmental justice, and industrial ecology. It argues for greater awareness of environmental justice in the practice of green marketing. In contrast with the type of costs commonly discussed in the literature, the paper identified another type of costs, termed "costs with positive results," that may be associated with the presence of environmental justice in green marketing. A research agenda is finally suggested to determine consumers' awareness of environmental justice, and their willingness to bear the costs associated with it.
Interpretive Poetry and the Family Coming Out Crisis

This article utilizes interpretive poetry to explore the lived experience of the family coming–out crisis from the perspective of seven self-identified gay men who faced negative parental reactions...
CexE Is A Virulence Factor ofCitrobacter rodentiumAnd Present In Enteric Pathogens Of Humans

CexE is a 12 kDa protein that was originally reported to be present in just three strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC); a frequent causes of diarrheal illnesses worldwide. However, an examination of recently sequenced genomes has revealed that CexE is actually present in a majority of ETEC strains. Homologs of CexE are also present in enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) and other enteric pathogens including Yersinia enterocolitica, Providencia alcalifaciens, and Citrobacter rodentium. CexE and its homologs are expressed within virulence regulons of ETEC, EAEC, and C. rodentium. This, along with its distribution across several species of enteric pathogens, suggest that CexE confers a selective advantage to these pathogens. However, this hypothesis has yet to be tested in vivo. Here we demonstrate that CexE is conditionally secreted to the external leaf of the outer membrane of ETEC. Although CexE does not appear to play a role in adherence in vitro, it does facilitate colonization of murine intestinal tissues by C. rodentium in vivo. In adult mice wild-type bacteria reached significantly higher loads and were shed in higher numbers than a cexE::kan mutant. A similar trend was observed in neonatal mice. In addition, all of the neonates infected with the wild-type strain succumbed to infection within 16 days of inoculation. In contrast, 45% of the neonates infected with the cexE::kan strain survived for the 30 day duration of the experiment. These finding indicate that CexE is a conditionally secreted virulence factor that increases the colonization of hosts by enteric pathogens.
Evaluation of Tc-99m Sestamibi residual in Becton Dickinson syringes and optimizing the configuration for dispensing.

2164 Objectives: Tc-99m sestamibi is one of the most commonly used SPECT radiopharmaceuticals for myocardial perfusion imaging. Northwestern Medicine’s standard practice was to draw rest Tc-99m sestamibi doses in 1cc syringes QS’d to 0.5mL and stress Tc-99m sestamibi doses in 3cc syringes QS’d to 1.5mL. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent of adhesion of Tc-99m sestamibi in the syringe post injection and to identify the best configuration for dispensing Tc-99m sestamibi unit doses to decrease residual activity. Methods: Northwestern Medicine’s standard rest and stress Tc-99m sestamibi doses are 9mCi and 32mCi, respectively. To evaluate the extent of Tc-99m sestamibi adhesion to the syringe, 10 rest doses were drawn up in 1cc Becton Dickinson (BD) syringes and QS’d to 0.5mL. Three more sets of 10 rest doses were drawn up in 3cc BD syringes and QS’d to the following volumes: 0.5mL, 1.0mL, and 1.5mL (10 doses per volume). Each dose was then assayed in an AtomLab 500 dose calibrator and both time and activity were recorded. Post assay, each dose was immediately dispensed into a sterile evacuated vial and the empty syringe was re-assayed to measure residual activity. This procedure was repeated to evaluate stress doses. Three sets of 10 stress doses were drawn up in 3cc BD syringes and QS’d to the following volumes: 0.5mL, 1.0mL, and 1.5mL (10 doses per volume). Data was recorded and the average residual and average percent loss for each syringe size and configuration was calculated. Results: The configuration that resulted in the lowest residual activity for rest doses is the 3cc syringe QS’d to 1.0mL. This configuration resulted in an average residual activity of 1.46mCi with an average loss of 15.4% of the original dose. This average residual is 46.7% lower than the configuration that was originally used to dispense rest doses. The configuration that resulted in the lowest residual activity for stress doses is the 3cc syringe QS’d to a final volume of 1.5mL. This configuration resulted in an average residual activity of 3.68mCi with an average loss of 12% of the original dose. This average residual is 17.6% lower as compared to the average residual when QS’d to 1.0mL (4.47mCi) and 22.7% less than the average residual when QS’d to 0.5mL (4.77mCi). Conclusions: As a result of this study, Northwestern Medicine has changed its standard practice. Rest Tc-99m sestamibi doses are now drawn up in 3cc syringes QS’d to 1.0mL. Stress Tc-99m sestamibi doses will continue to be drawn up in 3cc syringes QS’d to 1.5mL since this configuration resulted in the least amount of residual activity.
What are the wild waves saying? Yet another meditation on the predictions, searches for, and detections of gravitational waves

A large majority of the physics and astronomy communities are now sure that gravitational waves exist, can be looked for, and can be studied via their effects on laboratory apparatus as well as on ...
Coordination of 1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazole-2-selone to zinc and cadmium: Monotonic and non-monotonic bond length variations for [H(sebenzimMe)]2MCl2 complexes (M = Zn, Cd, Hg).

Abstract The reactions of 1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazole-2-selone, H(sebenzimMe), towards the zinc and cadmium halides, MX2 (M = Zn, Cd; X = Cl, Br, I), afford the adducts, [H(sebenzimMe)]2MX2, which have been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. The halide ligands of each of these complexes participate in hydrogen bonding interactions with the imidazole N–H moieties, although the nature of the interactions depends on the halide. Specifically, the chloride and bromide derivatives, [H(sebenzimMe)]2ZnX2 and [H(sebenzimMe)]2CdX2 (X = Cl, Br), exhibit two intramolecular N–H⋯X interactions, whereas the iodide derivatives, [H(sebenzimMe)]2ZnI2 and [H(sebenzimMe)]2CdI2, exhibit only one intramolecular N–H⋯I interaction. Comparison of the M–Se and M–Cl bond lengths of the chloride series, [H(sebenzimMe)]2MCl2 (M = Zn, Cd, Hg), indicates that while the average M–Cl bond lengths progressively increase as the metal becomes heavier, the variation in M–Se bond length exhibits a non-monotonic trend, with the Cd–Se bond being the longest. These different trends provide an interesting subtlety concerned with use of covalent radii in predicting bond length differences. In addition to tetrahedral [H(sebenzimMe)]2CdCl2, [H(sebenzimMe)]3CdCl2·[H(sebenzimMe)]4CdCl2, which features both five-coordinate and six-coordinate coordinate centers, has also been structurally characterized. Finally, the reaction between CdI2 and H(sebenzimMe) at elevated temperatures affords the 1-methylbenzimidazole complex, [H(sebenzimMe)][H(benzimMe)]CdI2, a transformation that is associated with cleavage of the C–Se bond.
Computational Modeling of the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on the Vigilance Decrement.

Objective:We developed a computational model of the effects of sleep deprivation on the vigilance decrement by employing the methods of system dynamics modeling.Background:Situations that require s...
Robotic Total Abdominal Colectomy: A Step-by-Step Approach

The use of the da Vinci robotic platform for total colectomy has been limited by the need to reposition the surgical cart from one side of the patient to the other, which increases operative time. Nevertheless, the new da Vinci Xi model offers a rotating boom-mounted system and laser-targeted trocar positioning which facilitates the application of the robotic approach to all abdominal quadrants with relocation of the arms in the ports but without re-docking or relocation of the patient-side surgical cart. In this chapter, we describe total abdominal colectomy with a robotic approach.
Landscape of Somatic Mutations and Gene Expression Changes in Relapsed Infant MLL-Rearranged Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Abstract Introduction Relapse of infant ALL with MLL-rearrangement (MLL-r) is an unsolved clinical problem. Of the 80% of infants with ALL that harbor MLL-r, 60% relapse and die with current treatment. The typical pattern of failure is remission induction, followed by early relapse and very low second remission rate ( Here, we examined the extent to which relapse in infant MLL-r ALL is driven by acquisition of new somatic mutations and/or gene expression changes. We assembled a large cohort of 14 paired diagnosis-relapse (DX-RL) infant MLL-r ALL cases treated on Children's Oncology Group (COG) trial AALL0631. MLL partners were 8 AF4, 5 ENL, and 1 unspecified. Paired remission bone marrow samples (RM) served as germline controls. Methods We performed WGS and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on 14 DX-RM-RL trios (N=42) using Illumina Hiseq 4000 and 2500. WGS samples were sequenced to a minimum of 90Gb and RNA-seq samples to an average of 8.8Gb. Alignment and variant calling were performed using BWA, GATK. Variants present in DX and/or RL and absent in paired RM samples were considered somatic. Filters included allelic depth threshold of 7 reads, minor allele frequency ≤0.1%, and ACMG category 1-3. RNA-seq gene expression was evaluated using GSNAP, Cufflinks, and Cuffdiff. Genes were ranked by average magnitude of fold change in expression between DX and RL for each case. We combined the gene ranks across cases to identify the 300 most highly activated and inactivated genes in RL, and evaluated gene set enrichment with MSigDB and Ingenuity software. Results In total, we found 148 non-synonymous somatic variants; 20 small ( MSigDB gene set enrichment analysis showed that the 300 most highly inactivated genes at RL were enriched in gene sets that were targets of H3K27me3, EED, SUZ12, and Polycomb Repression Complex 2 (PRC2) (FDR q Conclusion Relapsed infant MLL-r ALL is characterized by major gains in somatic variants and gene expression changes within cell signaling, adhesion, and B-cell development pathways. No single pathway or specific genomic variant was unifying across cases, but the appearance of mutations in many known cancer-associated genes and pathways suggests emergence of complex subclonal disease at relapse. Further analyses are ongoing to determine the contribution of germline mutations, structural variants, and DNA methylation changes in this cohort. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
An Iterative Quality Improvement Process Improves Pediatric Ward Discharge Efficiency

OBJECTIVES: Discharge of hospitalized pediatric patients may be delayed for various “nonmedical” reasons. Such delays impact hospital flow and contribute to hospital crowding. We aimed to improve discharge efficiency for our hospitalized pediatric patients by using an iterative quality improvement (QI) process. METHODS: Opportunities for improved efficiency were identified using value stream mapping, root cause, and benefit-effort analyses. QI interventions were focused on altered physician workflow, standardized discharge checklists, and physician workshops by using multiple plan-do-study-act cycles. The primary outcome of percentage of discharges before noon, process measure of percentage of discharges with orders before 10 am, and balancing measures of readmission rate, emergency department revisit rate, and parent experience survey scores were analyzed by using statistical process control. The secondary outcome of mean length of stay was analyzed using t tests and linear regression. RESULTS: Implementation of our interventions was associated with special cause variation, with an upward shift in mean percentage of discharges before noon from 13.2% to 18.5%. Mean percentage of patients with discharge orders before 10 am also increased from 13.6% to 23.6% and met rules for special cause. No change was detected in a control group. Adjusted mean length of stay index, 30-day readmissions, and parent experience survey scores remained unchanged. Special cause variation indicated a decreased 48-hour emergency department revisit rate associated with our interventions. CONCLUSIONS: An iterative QI process improved discharge efficiency without negatively affecting subsequent hospital use or parent experience. With this study, we support investment of resources into improving pediatric discharge efficiency through value stream mapping and rapid cycle QI.
Solar heat localization: concept and emerging applications

Recently, the solar heat localization concept has provided an appealing route for efficient utilization of solar thermal energy. This concept has shown remarkable promise in power generation, desalination, distillation, water splitting, sterilization, oil spill cleanup, electricity generation from salinity and also CO2 capture. In this concept, a material paradigm localizes the solar irradiation forming a hot spot in the material and minimizes the energy losses to the surrounding environment. In most applications, the localized thermal energy is used for liquid–vapor phase change in which the material wicks the liquid into the hot spot to generate hot steam. In contrast to conventional steam generation systems, thermal losses are reduced significantly, thereby offering high evaporation efficiencies. In this comprehensive review, the physics of solar heat localization is elaborated and a roadmap on necessary material properties is provided to achieve superior performance through this concept. The current advancements in the synthesis of new materials for solar heat localization are discussed in detail. Various applications of this concept are explored individually and the figures of merit for each application are elucidated. A comparative analysis is conducted for these figures of merit on a wide range of studies and key takeaways are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects for technological implementation of this concept are reviewed. As solar energy is the most abundant renewable energy resource on earth, this concept could provide a path to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of electricity and water generation in the world.
Human Infections Caused by Clonally Related African Clade (Clade III) Strains of Candida auris in the Greater Houston Region.

ABSTRACT Candida auris is a pathogen of considerable public health importance. It was first reported in 2009. Five clades, determined by genomic analysis and named by the distinct regions where they were initially identified, have been defined. We previously completed a draft genome sequence of an African clade (clade III) strain cultured from the urine of a patient hospitalized in the greater Houston metropolitan region (strain LOM). Although initially uncommon, reports of the African clade in the United States have grown to include a recent cluster in California. Here, we describe a second human C. auris infection in the Houston area. Whole-genome sequence analysis demonstrated the Houston patient isolates to be clonally related to one another but distantly related to other African clade organisms recovered in the United States or elsewhere. Infections in these patients were present on admission to the hospital and occurred several months apart. Taken together, the data demonstrate the emergence and persistence of a clonal C. auris population and highlights the importance of routine high-resolution genomic surveillance of emerging human pathogens in the clinical laboratory.
Redox Behaviors in a Li-Excess Cation-Disordered Mn–Nb–O–F Rocksalt Cathode

Lithium-excess cation-disordered rocksalt oxides (DRXs) are a new class of high energy Li-ion cathode materials. A DRX cathode can deliver an exceptionally high capacity of >250 mA h g–1, implying ...
Chapter 50 – Infrared Views of the Solar System from Space

Since 1983, a series of telescopes operating in the thermal infrared have been launched into Earth orbit and now heliocentric orbit. The images and other data returned have resulted in the discovery of new phenomena in the solar system and a new perspective on the processes within it. This chapter discusses some observations on comets, asteroids, the interplanetary complex and the processes giving rise to it.
Chapter 51 – Warped midgets in the Mandelbrot set

Publisher Summary Warped midgets in the Mandelbrot set have been measured, using an algorithm that allows the positions of the head, and cardioid atoms (north and south) of any midget to be found, once the cursor has been placed on the computer terminal somewhere inside any midget. This chapter describes two distortions of midgets: linear distortions and angular distortions. When the north and south angles are plotted in the north/south angle plane, families of points are formed. The angle and distance measures of warped midgets from the Sea Horse Valley of the Mandelbrot set and from other sea horse valleys of midgets––whether on the Spike or on tendrils above atoms––all fall closely together in one part of the north/south plane.. This different way of looking at the Mandelbrot set offers an interesting way of studying the distortions of midgets.
Forearm Nonunion: Characterization and Management

Adult forearm nonunion should be investigated prior to developing a treatment strategy: "Why did the fracture not heal?" Optimizing the patient's biology and the stability at the nonunion site are critical for a successful outcome. This review concisely discusses the initial work-up, including history, physical examination, imaging, and laboratory testing, as well as available surgical techniques-irrigation and debridement with deep cultures, revision open reduction internal fixation with or without biological adjuvant therapies, cancellous autograft, tricortical iliac crest, reamer/irrigator/aspirator, allograft, vascularized free-fibula and induced-membrane technique.
From Phenomenological Psychopathology to Neurodiversity and Mad Pride: Reflections on Prejudice

Musing for Puncta special issue "Critically Sick: New Phenomenologies Of Illness, Madness, And Disability."
Liberating digital collections: Rights review of digital collections at the Ohio State University Libraries

Digital collections serve as one of the many vehicles for cultural heritage institutions to highlight and display digitized material from special and curated collections. Many institutions have long relied on fair use to make digitized content from their collections openly available online. In recent years, after researching collections, some institutions have specifically distinguished public domain content. These institutions took time and resources to enhance their digital collections with rights information. Reassessing and identifying rights status is worth the time and resources because providing this metadata allows visitors to make informed decisions about reuse.
Longitudinal Clinical Profiles of Hospital vs. Community-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, it is unclear whether patients with COVID-19 with hospital-acquired AKI (HA-AKI) and community-acquired AKI (CA-AKI) differ in disease course and outcomes. This study investigated the clinical profiles of HA-AKI, CA-AKI, and no AKI in patients with COVID-19 at a large tertiary care hospital in the New York City area. The incidence of HA-AKI was 23.26%, and CA-AKI was 22.28%. Patients who developed HA-AKI were older and had more comorbidities compared to those with CA-AKI and those with no AKI (p < 0.05). A higher prevalence of coronary artery disease, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease was observed in those with HA-AKI compared to those with CA-AKI (p < 0.05). Patients with CA-AKI received more invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, anticoagulants, and steroids compared to those with HA-AKI (p < 0.05), but patients with HA-AKI had significantly higher mortality compared to those with CA-AKI after adjusting for demographics and clinical comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio = 1.61, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-2.35, p < 0.014). In addition, those with HA-AKI had higher markers of inflammation and more liver injury (p < 0.05) compared to those with CA-AKI. These results suggest that HA-AKI is likely part of systemic multiorgan damage and that kidney injury contributes to worse outcomes. These findings provide insights that could lead to better management of COVID-19 patients in time-sensitive and potentially resource-constrained environments.
The Amyloid Precursor Protein C99 Fragment Modulates Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels.

Background/aims The Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) is involved in the regulation of multiple cellular functions via protein-protein interactions and has been most studied with respect to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abnormal processing of the single transmembrane-spanning C99 fragment of APP contributes to the formation of amyloid plaques, which are causally related to AD. Pathological C99 accumulation is thought to associate with early cognitive defects in AD. Here, unexpectedly, sequence analysis revealed that C99 exhibits 24% sequence identity with the KCNE1 voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel β subunit, comparable to the identity between KCNE1 and KCNE2-5 (21-30%). This suggested the possibility of C99 regulating Kv channels. Methods We quantified the effects of C99 on Kv channel function, using electrophysiological analysis of subunits expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, biochemical and immunofluorescence techniques. Results C99 isoform-selectively inhibited (by 30-80%) activity of a range of Kv channels. Among the KCNQ (Kv7) family, C99 isoform-selectively inhibited, shifted the voltage dependence and/or slowed activation of KCNQ2, KCNQ3, KCNQ2/3 and KCNQ5, with no effects on KCNQ1, KCNQ1-KCNE1 or KCNQ4. C99/APP co-localized with KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 in adult rat sciatic nerve nodes of Ranvier. Both C99 and full-length APP co-immunoprecipitated with KCNQ2 in vitro, yet unlike C99, APP only weakly affected KCNQ2/3 activity. Finally, C99 altered the effects on KCNQ2/3 function of inhibitors tetraethylammounium and XE991, but not openers retigabine and ICA27243. Conclusion Our findings raise the possibility of C99 accumulation early in AD altering cellular excitability by modulating Kv channel activity.
Disparities in health care affordability among childhood cancer survivors persist following the Affordable Care Act

BACKGROUND The Affordable Care Act (ACA) included many provisions that may have improved access to care for childhood cancer survivors (CCS). In this study, we sought to compare health insurance coverage and the affordability of health care among adult childhood CCS before and after the implementation of the ACA. PROCEDURE Using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), two cohorts of CCS age 21-65 years old and matched (1:3) controls without a history of cancer were identified. A difference-in-differences analysis was used to compare insurance coverage and health care affordability pre- (2011-2013) and post-ACA (2015-2017). RESULTS There were 309 CCS identified in the pre-ACA cohort and 324 in the post-ACA cohort. The two cohorts were similar in demographic composition. Prior to the ACA, CCS were 39% more likely to be uninsured than their peers (p = .046). Post, there was no difference in the odds of being uninsured between CCS and their peers. Following implementation of the ACA, the proportion of CCS who reported having difficulty with the affordability of health care decreased (p = .013) as did the proportion reporting skipping needed care due to cost (p < .001). However, 13% of CCS still reported being uninsured, 36% reported difficulty paying for health care, and 13% reported foregoing needed care due to cost. Relative to their peers, CCS saw improvement in foregoing needed care due to cost, but disparities still remain. CONCLUSIONS Although improvements were observed, health care affordability, and medical nonadherence remains a problem for CCS. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Additional efforts are needed to improve health care affordability among CCS.
Quantifying Convective Delay Reduction Benefits for Air Traffic Management Systems

Quantifying convective weather (i.e., thunderstorm) delay benefits for air traffic management (ATM) systems is increasingly important, but has proven to be difficult due to the nature of convective weather and its interaction with the air system. This paper summarizes key aspects of convective weather disruptions of the aviation system, suggests how the weather severity can be characterized, and presents the results of quantifying delay reduction benefits for two operational systems by a variety of approaches. The comparison of delays before and after a system is introduced was found to have many major difficulties. Real time observations of system usage, followed by detailed analysis of specific convective weather cases before and after the system is introduced, are recommended as a near term approach while research proceeds on robust methodologies for the use of delay statistics.
Anisotropic Elastic Constants of Granular Assembly From Wave Velocity Measurements

Abstract Laboratory isotropic compression, triaxial compression, and triaxial extension tests on cubical granular specimens (4″ × 4″ × 4″) are performed. Concurrently, P-wave and S-wave velocities are measured along several directions relative to the principal stress axis in the specimen. Anisotropic dynamic elastic constants are recovered from those measurements. The recovered constants clearly showed the level of anisotoropy at the different stages of the stress paths. Therfore the directional wave velocity measurements could be used as a useful tool to quantitatively identify the anisotropy of the granular assembly.
Extensification and intensification in central California prehistory

The central portion of the California ‘culture area’ is a microcosm of the larger California province, which is a patchwork of landforms, microclimates and hydraulic regimes. There are large coastal bays, rugged scrubby foothills, broad intermontane valleys with massive river systems and extensive deltaic wetlands (FIGURE 1).
The effect of cation substitutions on the physical properties of trioctahedra micas.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1971.
ENZYME ASSOCIATED WITH BACTERIOPHAGE INFECTION.

Abstract Eklund, Curtis (The University of Texas, Austin) and Orville Wyss. Enzyme associated with bacteriophage infection. J. Bacteriol. 84:1209–1215. 1962.—A capsule-digesting enzyme was formed when azotobacter cells were infected with bacteriophage. The enzyme appeared in the medium when the phages lysed the cells. By disrupting phage-infected cells prematurely, it was shown that enzyme formation in the bacterium began shortly after invasion. The amount of enzyme formed was far in excess of that incorporated into the new phages. The enzyme was concentrated from the lysate, and its activity was measured under a variety of conditions.
The role of tau in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders.

Tau, the microtubule-associated protein, forms insoluble filaments that accumulate as neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Under physiological conditions, tau regulates the assembly and maintenance of the structural stability of microtubules. In the diseased brain, however, tau becomes abnormally hyperphosphorylated, which ultimately causes the microtubules to disassemble, and the free tau molecules aggregate into paired helical filaments. A large body of evidence suggests that tau hyperphosphorylation results from perturbation of cellular signaling, mainly through imbalance in the activities of different protein kinases and phosphatases. In AD, it appears that s-amyloid peptide (As) plays a pivotal role in triggering this imbalance. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the role of tau in AD and other tauopathies, and highlight key issues that need to be addressed to improve the success of developing novel therapies.
Freedom of Establishment of Legal Persons Within the European Union: An Analysis of the European Court of Justice Decision in the Überseering Case

Introduction 1104 I. Background 1107 A. Facts and Procedural History of the Uberseering Case......1107 B. Real Seat Doctrine vs. Incorporation Theory. 1110 C. The German Seat Theory Prior to Uberseering. 1113 D. European Union Law Regarding Freedom of Establishment. 1116 II. The Court’s Decision in the Uberseering Case 1119 A. The German Courts’ Rulings 1119 1. The German courts’ analysis conformed to thenexisting German law 1119 2. The German courts’ analysis conformed to ECJ precedent 1120 B. The ECJ’s Judgment 1123 1. The Treaty provisions on freedom of establishment apply 1124 2. A restriction on the freedom of establishment occurred 1127 3. The restriction on the freedom of establishment was not justified 1128 4. Assessment of the ECJ’s overall holding 1132
ACUTE IDIOPATHIC PERICARDITIS: REPORT OF A FATAL CASE, WITH BRIEF REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.

Abstract 1. 1. A fatal case of idiopathic pericarditis is reported, with a brief review of the literature. 2. 2. The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, their mechanism, and their possible role in the sudden death of some of these patients are discussed. 3. 3. The possible grave outcome of idiopathic pericarditis when associated with other myocardial disease is emphasized. 4. 4. The diagnostic challenge presented by this entity in older patients, with associated cardiovascular diseases of varied etiology, was briefly discussed.
Seminoma metastatic to the maxilla: Report of a case

Abstract Although the over-all incidence of skeletal metastasis of malignant lesions is about 70 per cent 11 or more, metastasis to the jaws is extremely uncommon, being involved in less than 1 per cent of all cases of metastasis. 12 The seminoma occurs rather infrequently, but there is metastasis in the majority of cases. The pelvic and abdominal lymph nodes are involved most frequently, and the lung and liver are involved less often. The present case illustrates metastasis to the maxilla which is extremely rare. Less than 1 per cent of all metastatic malignant tumors of the jaws are seminomas. 12, 13 Extensive bone metastasis cannot be excluded merely on the basis of roentgenograms which may appear normal. 11, 14 It is obvious that an adequate history is essential in establishing a diagnosis and that metastatic tumors must always be considered in the differential diagnosis of any lesion of the mouth or jaws.
Identification of human preformed antibody targets in GTKO pigs.

Burlak C, Wang ZY, Chihara RK, Lutz AJ, Wang Y, Estrada JL, Tector AJ. Identification of human preformed antibody targets in GTKO pigs. Xenotransplantation 2012; 19: 92–101. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Background: Human preformed antibodies continue to recognize porcine xenografts, despite the advent of α-galactosyltransferase knockout (GTKO) pigs. This study examined the potential reactivity of human preformed IgG and IgM antibodies toward antigens in the GTKO pig liver. Methods: Human serum was analyzed for the concentration of IgG, IgM, anti-αgal antibody, anti-non-αgal antibody and cytotoxicity toward domestic and GTKO fibroblasts and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC). We detected preformed antibodies in human serum directed toward GTKO pig liver cells and tissue samples using advanced proteomic techniques. The targets of preformed antibodies were identified by MALDI TOF TOF mass spectrometry and validated by confocal microscopy, immunoblot, and immunoprecipitation. Results: Human serum used in this study contained 2.06 μg/ml IgG and 0.013 μg/ml IgM directed toward GTKO fibroblasts. Human IgG and IgM bound to GTKO LSEC in a dose-dependent manner and were cytotoxic. We detected 357 protein spots recognized by human IgG and 233 by human IgM. Two hundred and nineteen proteins were common to both human IgG and IgM. Mass spectrometry identified numerous immunoreactive proteins, of which 19 were membrane proteins on liver cells. The most significant to this study were α-enolase, CFTR, and E-cadherin, which were abundant in GTKO pig tissues and expressed on the surface of GTKO LSEC. Human IgG captured α-enolase, CFTR, and E-cadherin by immunoprecipitation validating the proteomic identification. Conclusion: These experiments indicate that several membrane antigens in GTKO pigs could be recognized directly by human IgG or IgM. Further studies on the contribution of these antigens to antibody-mediated xenograft rejection are necessary.