cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Induction of Graft-versus-Host Syndrome as a Treatment for Breast Cancer

High-dosage chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation will cure a proportion of patients with acute leukaemia or lymphoma, but many of these patients will still relapse. The use of this therapy in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer results in high response rates but only a small proportion of long term disease-free survivors. One potential strategy for improving these results lies with the induction of autologous graft-versus-host disease by treatment with cyclosporin following the infusion of autologous marrow. It has been shown in animal models that the induction of this syndrome is associated with antitumour activity directed against tumour cells expressing major histocompatibility complex class II antigens. Clinical studies have shown that treatment with cyclosporin will induce a mild syndrome of autologous graft-versus-host disease. This syndrome is associated with the elaboration of lymphocytes that are cytotoxic to the patient’s pretransplant lymphocytes and to human tumour cells. Further studies to investigate and modulate this potentially significant antitumour effect are continuing.
Determination of Connective‐Tissue Components in Beef Using Simultaneous Equations Based on Amino‐Acid Analyses

Collagen, elastin and residual actomyosin in connective tissue of some lower grades of beef were determined from the contents of hydroxy-proline, valine and glutamic acid, using three simultaneous equations based on amounts of these amino acids found in the pure proteins. The complete amino-acid profiles of the connective tissues agreed with the calculated protein compositions. Connective tissues were removed from the meat by dissection, and sequential saline extractions removed sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins. Glycoproteins were removed by extraction with half-saturated calcium hydroxide; collagen, by autoclaving. Changes in composition after extraction or au-toclaving were confirmed by histological investigations.
Thermal analysis of poly(2-methylpentamethylene terephthalamide)

Poly(2-methylpentamethylene terephthalamide) (Nylon M5T) is a new high temperature aromatic polyamide developed by Hoechst Celanese. In this paper thermal properties of Nylon M5T chips, as well as as-spun and drawn fibers were studied by DSC, DMA, hot stage microscopy and WAXS.Tg of the fully amorphous Nylon M5T is 143°C when measured by DSC;Tg increases with crystallinity to 151°C. The temperature dependence of the solid and melt specific heat capacities has also been determined. The heat capacity increase at the glass transition of the amorphous polymer is 103.9 J °C−1 mol−1.Tg by DMA for the as-spun fiber is 155°C, for a drawn fiber is 180°C. Three secondary transitions were observed by DMA in addition to the glass transition. These correspond to a local mode relaxation of the methylene groups at −120°C, onset of rotation of the amide-groups at −65°C and the onset of the rotation of the phenylenegroups (at 63°C). The crystallinity of Nylon M5T strongly depends on the rate of cooling from the melt. The isothermal crystallization data are melt temperature dependent: two-dimensional crystallization takes place when the samples are crystallized from higher melt temperatures, and this phase changes into a spherulitic structure during cooling to room temperature. Spherulitic crystallization occurs when lower melt temperatures are used. This polymer has three crystal forms as indicated by DSC, DMA and WAXS data. The crystal to crystal transitions are clearly visible when amorphous samples are heated in the DSC, or the DMA curves of as-spun fibers are recorded. It is experimentally shown that a considerable melting of the lower temperature crystal forms takes place during the crystal to crystal transitions. The equilibrium melting point as measured by the Hoffman-Weeks method, has been determined to be 339°C.
Intracellular free calcium accumulation in ferret vascular smooth muscle during crystalloid and blood cardioplegic infusions

Abstract Objective: The effects of magnesium- and potassium-based crystalloid and blood-containing cardioplegic solutions on coronary smooth muscle intracellular free calcium ([Ca 2+ ] i ) accumulation and microvascular contractile function were examined. Methods: Isolated ferret hearts were subjected to hyperkalemic (25 mmol/L K + ) blood cardioplegic infusion, hypermagnesemic (25 mmol/L Mg 2+ , K + -free) crystalloid cardioplegic infusion, or hyperkalemic crystalloid cardioplegic infusion for 1 hour. Coronary arterioles were isolated, cannulated, and loaded with fura 2. Reactivity and [Ca 2+ ] i were assessed with videomicroscopy. [Ca 2+ ] i was measured at baseline and after application of 50 mmol/L KCl. In addition, [Ca 2+ ] i and vascular contraction were measured during exposure to Mg 2+ and K + cardioplegic solution at both 4°C and 37°C. Results: From a baseline [Ca 2+ ] i of 177 ± 52 nmol/L, K + cardioplegic infusion (302 ± 80 nmol/L potassium) markedly increased [Ca 2+ ] i , whereas blood cardioplegic infusion (214 ± 53 nmol/L) and Mg 2+ cardioplegic infusion (180 ± 42 nmol/L) did not alter [Ca 2+ ] i . Although a difference between groups in percentage contraction after application of 50 mmol/L KCl was not observed, [Ca 2+ ] i increased significantly more in vessels in the control group (764 ± 327 nmol/L) and the K + crystalloid cardioplegic infusion group (698 ± 215 nmol/L) than in vessels in the blood cardioplegic infusion group (402 ± 45 nmol/L) and the Mg 2+ cardioplegic infusion group (389 ± 80 nmol/L). Mg 2+ cardioplegic solution induced no microvascular contraction at either 4°C or 37°C, nor was an increase in [Ca 2+ ] i observed. K + cardioplegic solution induced microvascular contraction at 37°C but not at 4°C; it increased [Ca 2+ ] i at both 4°C and 37°C. Conclusion: An Mg 2+ -based cardioplegic solution, or appropriate Mg 2+ or blood supplementation of a K + crystalloid cardioplegic solution, may decrease the accumulation of [Ca 2+ ] i in the vascular smooth muscle during ischemic arrest. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999;118:163-72)
The effect of distribution of iron-oxyhydroxide grain coatings on the transport of bacterial cells in porous media

Among the demonstrated processes influencing the transport of bacteria through aquifers, the deposition of cells on mineral surfaces is one of the most important. For example, understanding the transport of introduced bacteria through aquifers is essential to designing some in situ bioremediation schemes. The impact of the presence and distribution of Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide-coated sand grains on bacterial transport through porous media was evaluated in column experiments in which bacteria (short rods; 1.2 μm length) were eluted through columns of quartz sand (0.5–0.6 mm in diameter) for several conditions of chemical heterogeneity of mineral substrate. Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide-coated sand was present as 10% of the mass, and it was arranged in three treatments: (1) homogeneously distributed, and present as a discrete layer (2) at the top and (3) at the bottom of 14-cm-long sand columns. A pulse input of 108 cells ml–1 was introduced in an artificial groundwater solution flowing at 14 cm h–1 through the column, and eluted cells were counted. Peak breakthrough occurred at 1.0 pore volume. A large proportion of cells were retained; 14.7–15.8% of the cells were recovered after three pore volumes of solution had eluted through clean quartz sand, and only 2.1–4.0% were recovered from the Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide-coated sand mixtures. The three physical arrangements of the chemical heterogeneity resulted in essentially the same breakthrough of cells, indicating that the spatial distribution of iron coating does not affect the transport of bacteria. The results of the column transport experiments, which mimic hydrogeological conditions encountered in field problems, are consistent with our mechanistic understanding of bacterial sorption.
Golgi alkaline ceramidase regulates cell proliferation and survival by controlling levels of sphingosine and S1P

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a sphingolipid metabolite, promotes cell proliferation and survival whereas its precursor, sphingosine, has the opposite effects. However, much remains unknown about their regulation. Here we identify a novel human ceramidase (haCER2) that regulates the levels of both sphingosine and S1P by controlling the hydrolysis of ceramides. haCER2 is localized to the Golgi complex and is highly expressed in the placenta. High ectopic expression of haCER2 caused fragmentation of the Golgi complex and growth arrest in HeLa cells due to sphingosine accumulation. Low ectopic expression of haCER2 increased S1P without sphingosine accumulation, promoting cell proliferation in serum-free medium. This proliferative effect was suppressed by dimethylsphingosine, an inhibitor of the S1P formation, or by the RNA interference (RNAi) -mediated inhibition of S1P1, a G-protein-coupled receptor for S1P. The RNAi-mediated down-regulation of haCER2 enhanced the serum deprivation-induced growth arrest an...
Making decisions in a complex information environment: evidential preference and information we trust

Background Informed decision making requires that those individuals making health and health-care decisions understand the advantages and disadvantages associated with particular health options. Research and theory suggest factors that contribute to the decision-making process: data on the likelihood of risks and benefits, level of certainty about outcomes, familiarity with the health issue, characteristics of information sources and presentation, and patient values and beliefs. As the health information environment increases in complexity, it becomes important to understand how interactions among information sources, family, and friends may affect the processing of health information and choices and their alignment with available evidence.
Cropping Systems for Perennial Ryegrass Seed Production: I. Minimum Tillage Establishment of Rotation Crops in Stubble Without Burning

Viability of alternative crops in a monoculture grass seed cropping system will be enhanced if minimum tillage establishment through grass seed stubble is successful without burning. Our objective was to compare agronomic performances of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), white clover (T. repens L.), meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba L.), and pea (Pisum sativum L.) when drill-seeded in the stubble of a third-year perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seed crop, with and without burning stubble. Four field experiments were conducted during a 6-yr period on a Woodburn silt-loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Aquultic Argixerolls) soil in western Oregon. Ryegrass stubble was either propane-burned or was not burned before drill-seeding the rotational crops. In one experiment, a rotary strip-till drill was also compared with a no-till drill for establishing white clover in perennial ryegrass stubble. Burning the stubble enhanced spring growth of red clover ; however, forage and seed yields in the first crop year were 47 and 66% higher, respectively, for the nonburned than the burned treatments. There were no differences among treatments for forage and seed yields of red clover in the second crop year. Treatments did not affect dry matter or seed production of white clover and spring pea. Meadowfoam forage and seed yields were 26 and 24% lower, respectively, for the nonburned than the burned treatments. We concluded that burning stubble before seeding may be advantageous for winter annual seed crops that mature during the spring or early summer months. However, burning stubble is not beneficial, or may be disadvantageous, for crops that mature during the late summer in areas such as Oregon with a Mediterranean climate. The no-till drill was superior to the strip-till drill for establishing white clover in perennial ryegrass stubble regardless of stubble management method.
Biology of Janus rufiventris (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)

Host plant and life history of Janus rufiventris (Cresson) are recorded for the first time. In the Willamette Valley, Oreg., larvae of J. rufiventris tunnel in young stems of Oregon white oak ( Quercus garryana Douglas). The species is univoltine in this area, with oviposition occurring in May. Immediately following oviposition, the adult female girdles or severs the apical part of the stem with her ovipositor. The larva tunnels toward the base of the stem and overwinters as a last instar or pharate pupa. Adults emerge the following spring. Larval mortality rate was 34%, one-third of which was due to two chalcidoid parasitoids, Eurytoma sp. (Eurytomidae) and Pteromalus sp. (Pteromalidae).
The structure of lumi-4-cholesten-3-one

Abstract UV irradiation of 4-cholesten-3-one has been found to give 1β,5-cyclo-5β,10α-cholestan-2-one, a lumi compound of the dihydrolumisantonin type. A multiplicity of physical data and chemical transformations is described which points to identical stereochemistry in the photoisomerization of this homoannular enone and analogous dienones.
Repeated biomass removal affects soybean resource utilization and yield

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] producers in many regions of the USA are confronted with significant yield losses because of crop damage from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Our objectives were to quantify soybean resource utilization and yield responses to variety, row spacing, and simulated repeated biomass removal. Field research was conducted in 2000 and 2001 on a Quakertown silt loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult) near Pittstown, NJ. Biomass removal during early vegetative and vegetative/reproductive growth extended the soil wetness duration index on average by 1.5 and 2.9 d compared with the control from the 0- to 30- and 30- to 60-cm soil depths in 2000 and by 5.1 and 2.1 d in 2001. Biomass removal during early vegetative growth delayed pod maturity up to 7 d compared with the control, but biomass removal during reproductive growth hastened pod maturity by as much as 3 d. Averaged across row spacing and biomass removal, variety 'APK394NRR' yielded 12 and 24% lower than '93B53' in 2000 and 2001. In 2000, averaged across variety and biomass removal, the 20- and 41-cm row widths yielded 19 and 16% less than the 76-cm row width. Averaged across variety and row spacing, all biomass removal treatments lowered yield compared with the control except the midvegetative/early reproductive treatment in 2001 (661 vs. 663 g m -2 ). The greatest yield reductions occurred (up to 89%) when biomass was removed repeatedly during vegetative and reproductive growth. Management implications for soybean producers include variety selection and row spacing to diminish the effects of deer damage.
A pulse radiolysis investigation of the reactions of tributyl phosphate with the radical products of aqueous nitric acid irradiation.

Tributyl phosphate (TBP) is the most common organic compound used in liquid−liquid separations for the recovery of uranium, neptunium, and plutonium from acidic nuclear fuel dissolutions. The goal of these processes is to extract the actinides while leaving fission products in the acidic, aqueous phase. However, the radiolytic degradation of TBP has been shown to reduce separation factors of the actinides from fission products and to impede the back-extraction of the actinides during stripping. As most previous investigations of the radiation chemistry of TBP have focused on steady state radiolysis and stable product identification, with dibutylphosphoric acid (HDBP) invariably being the major product, here we have determined room temperature rate constants for the reactions of TBP and HDBP with the hydroxyl radical [(5.00 ± 0.05) × 109, (4.40 ± 0.13) × 109 M−1 s−1], hydrogen atom [(1.8 ±0.2) × 108, (1.1 ± 0.1) × 108 M−1 s−1], nitrate radical [(4.3 ± 0.7) × 106, (2.9 ± 0.2) × 106 M−1 s−1], and nitrite rad...
The Global Assembly-Operations of US Semiconductor Firms: A Geographical Analysis

The paper begins with a brief description of assembly processes in the semiconductor industry. The organizational structure and geography of the assembly operations of US semiconductor firms are th...
An all-atom simulation study of the ordering of liquid squalane near a solid surface

Abstract An all-atom molecular dynamics study using the OPLS force field has been carried out to obtain new insights in to the orientation and ordering of liquid squalane near a solid surface. As observed in previous experiments, the squalane molecules closest to a SiO 2 substrate are found to be tightly bound with their molecular axis preferentially parallel to the interface. Unlike linear alkanes, the squalane molecules are also found to lie preferentially parallel to the liquid/vapor interface. The simulation results predict that the molecular plane orientation of the squalane molecules changes from mainly parallel to perpendicular to the substrate in going further away from the substrate.
Optical anisotropy of phosphorescence from photoselected benzophenone molecules in polystyrene matrices

Abstract Benzophenone present as a dopant in polystyrene matrices has been photoexcited at 406 nm and 77 K using a polarized beam from a dye laser. Polarization ratios of the phosphorescence from these directly produced triplet states were measured at delay times from 0.5 to 5.0 ms and at various dopant concentrations. At three different phosphorescence wavelengths the polarization ratios decrease as the dopant level increases. The major mechanism for emission depolarization is, evidently, energy migration. An observed dependence of the polarization ratio upon emission wavelength was tentatively ascribed to preferential coupling of triplet sublevels to upper vibrational states of the electronic ground state.
A Knowledge Based View of the Team

Drawing on the works of Conner and Prahalad (1996), we advance their knowledge based view of the firm and developed the knowledge based view of the team. The central tenet of our knowledge based view is that the existence and effective performance of the team is hinged on the reciprocal knowledge substitution among team members. The core team process of reciprocal knowledge substitution mediates the relationship between knowledge heterogeneity in team composition and team performance. In particular, we posit that heterogeneous teams (in terms of knowledge composition) outperform homogenous teams only if positive substitution (the superior replacing the inferior) is in operation. Further, we reason that the reciprocal substitution process is modulated by the original (vertical) knowledge substitution in the firm structure. In essence, we expand the established market ↔ firm spectrum to market ↔ firm ↔ team, which exhibits (from market to team) the decreasing effect of transaction costs and the increasing effect of learning (knowledge substitution). In addition, we extrapolate our knowledge based view to the case of interfirm teaming (partnerships and alliances).
Marker‐assisted selection in cattle

Abstract Direct observation of genetic differences using molecular techniques has prompted investigation into the nature and amount of genetic variation in cattle. Utilization of molecular data will include parentage analysis, individual identification, sexing of embryos and clones and detection of genetic defects. Opportunities to utilize molecular data as markers for useful quantitative traits, especially genetic potential for performance, are being investigated. At present, many important questions about potential costs and benefits of implementation of these strategies remain unanswered. Interdisciplinary teams of scientists are needed to research these questions and significant educational efforts should be made to train students and industry personnel in appropriate use and interpretation of molecular data.
On almost sure convergence of Cesaro averages of subsequences of vector-valued functions

A remarkable theorem proved by Komlos [4] states that if {fn} is a bounded sequence in L1(R), then there exists a subsequence {fnk} and f ∈ L1(R) such that fnk (as well as any further subsequence) converges Cesaro to f almost everywhere. A similar theorem due to Revesz [6] states that if {fn} is a bounded sequence in L2(R), then there is a subsequence {fnk} and f ∈ L2(R) such that Σk=1∞ ak(fnk − f) converges a.e. whenever Σk=1∞ | ak |2 < ∞. In this paper, we generalize these two theorems to functions with values in a Hilbert space (Theorems 3.1 and 3.3).
Indo/U.S. Science and Technology Initiative: Monsoon research

The United States and India have a new science and technology agreement for cooperation in four areas of research, one of which is moonsoon prediction. The Indian monsoon and the prediction of monsoon rainfall on short time scales is of vital concern to India and is also a central element of the global atmospheric circulation. Its predictability depends not only upon its own dynamics but also upon the dynamics of the global circulation in which it is embedded. An understanding of monsoon dynamics is central to an understanding of the global circulation. Thus an improved knowledge of the interannual variability of the Asian monsoon should improve long-range weather prediction throughout the world. It is therefore of vital scientific and practical importance to both the United States and India.
See what I mean? An ERP study of the effect of background knowledge on novel object processing

Two event-related potential (ERP) experiments were used to examine the representation of object feature information and background knowledge in semantic memory. Participants were trained on novel object categories with three features and were tested with new exemplars that were complete or were missing one to two features that were essential or nonessential to object function. In both a category membership judgment task (Experiment 1) and a parts detection task (Experiment 2), the N400, a functionally specific measure of semantic access, was graded with feature number but was insensitive to knowledge-based feature importance. A separable ERP effect related to knowledge was seen in Experiment 1 as an enhanced frontocentral negativity (beginning ∼300 msec) to exemplars missing a nonessential versus an essential feature, but this effect did not manifest when background knowledge was less task relevant (Experiment 2). Thus, similarity- and knowledge-based effects are separable, and the locus of knowledge effects varies with task demands but does not seem to arise from facilitated semantic access.
Degree of entanglement for two qubits

We demonstrate that any pure bipartite state of two qubits may be decomposed into a superposition of a maximally entangled state and an orthogonal factorizable one. Although there are many such decompositions, the weights of the two superposed states are, remarkably, unique. We propose a measure of entanglement based on this decomposition. We also demonstrate that this measure is connected to three measures of entanglement previously set forth: maximal violation of Bell's inequality, concurrence, and two-particle visibility.
Curriculum history, schooling and the history of the present

The essay focuses on curriculum history as the study of systems of reason. The first section considers curriculum as ‘converting ordinances’, inscribing Puritan notions of education as evangelizing and calculating designs in American Progressive education. The second section examines the Social Question, a cross‐Atlantic Protestant reformist movement concerned with the moral disorders of the city that underlie the new sociology and psychologies of schooling. The sciences embodied cosmopolitan cultural theses about modes of life and the urban child who threatened that envisioned future. Hall, Thorndike and Dewey, with different pedagogical implications, embodied these hopes and fears. The final section explores the formation of mathematics, literacy and music education as ‘converting ordinances’ designed in relation to the Social Question. The essay is synoptic and goes against the grain of social and intellectual history through examining the grid of practices in which principles were generated regarding ...
Is development of Tourette disorder a marker for improvement in patients with autism and other pervasive developmental disorders

Abstract Fifty-nine patients were identified whose early history was consistent with infantile autism or other pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). Twelve of these patients, later in their history, developed symptoms consistent with Tourette disorder (TD). The group of patients who developed TD scored significantly higher on measures of IQ and receptive and expressive language. It is suggested that the development of the symptoms of TD subsequent to the onset of PDD may serve as a marker for improved developmental outcome and that children with PDD who also meet criteria for TD may constitute a distinct subgroup of children with PDD. Implications for diagnosis and management are discussed.
Canonical ensemble averages from pseudomicrocanonical dynamics

We present an extension of Nos\'e's method of generating canonical distributions from pseudocanonical dynamics for standard Hamiltonians as well as for classical systems, where one cannot use a global set of canonical variables (e.g., a system of classical spins) and Nos\'e's formulation does not apply.
Experimental study and genetic algorithm-based optimization of cutting parameters in cutting engineering ceramics

The paper aimed at conducting cutting experiments on engineering ceramics and investigating the influence of machining process input parameters such as cutting depth, feed speed, and tool cutting edge angle on the output parameters such as materials removal rate and cutting tool wear rate. The regression equations were then solved using the least squares fitting method and the relationships between material removal rate and input parameters as well as between cutting tool wear rate and input parameters were obtained. Genetic algorithm was available for optimizing the input parameters to get output parameters. Therefore, the optimum combinations of input parameters for maximum material removal rate and minimum cutting tool wear rate were found.
Binary-induced collapse of a compact, collisionless cluster

We improve and extend Shapiro's model of a relativistic, compact object which is stable in isolation but is driven dynamically unstable by the tidal field of a binary companion. Our compact object consists of a dense swarm of test particles moving in randomly oriented, initially circular, relativistic orbits about a nonrotating black hole. The binary companion is a distant, slowly inspiraling point mass. The tidal field of the companion is treated as a small perturbation on the background Schwarzschild geometry near the hole; the resulting metric is determined by solving the perturbation equations of Regge and Wheeler and Zerilli in the quasi-static limit. The perturbed spacetime supports Bekenstein's conjecture that the horizon area of a near-equilibrium black hole is an adiabatic invariant. We follow the evolution of the system and confirm that gravitational collapse can be induced in a compact collisionless cluster by the tidal field of a binary companion.
Using document access sequences to recommend customized information

WordSieve, a text analysis algorithm, uses a competitive-network-learning approach to learn topic-relevant keywords in real time with no predetermined corpus. You can use these keywords to form search engine queries to suggest relevant documents to the user.
Three and four precision point kinematic synthesis of planar linkages

Abstract Dyads modelled by complex numbers are presented in several different equation forms for three prescribed positions of either motion, path generation with prescribed timing or function generation. Different strategies are suggested depending on how the free choices are best utilized. Interactive computer techniques are suggested for both the three and four prescribed position cases. Several examples are presented to help illustrate each of the design situations.
Synthesis of phase-pure orthorhombic YB2Cu3Ox under low oxygen pressure

Abstract Reaction of Y 2 O 3 , BaCO 3 and CuO for 4 h at 800°C in flowing O 2 with a total pressure of about 2.7×10 2 Pa, followed by cooling in O 2 at ambient pressure, has produced phase-pure orthorhombic YBa 2 Cu 3 O x . Keeping the ratio of O 2 to evolved CO 2 above 50 was necessary to ensure phase purity. The resultant powder yielded pressed and sintered pellets with improved super-conducting properties.
The activity of Escherichia coli cyclopropane fatty acid synthase depends on the presence of bicarbonate.

Cyclopropane fatty acid (CFA) synthases catalyze the formation of cyclopropane rings on isolated and unactivated olefinic bonds within various fatty acids; the methylene carbon is derived from the activated methyl group of (S)-adenosylmethionine. The E. coli enzyme is the prototype for this class of enzymes, which include the cyclopropane mycolic acid (CMA) synthases, which are potential targets for the design of antituberculosis agents. Crystal structures of several CMA synthases have recently been solved, and electron density attributed to a bicarbonate ion was found in or near the active site. Because a functional assay for CMA synthases has not been developed, the relevance of the bicarbonate ion has not been established. CFA synthase is 30−35% identical to the CMA synthases that have been analyzed structurally, suggesting that the mechanisms of these enzymes are conserved. In this work, we show that indeed the activity of CFA synthase requires bicarbonate, and that it is inhibited by borate, a planar...
Nonintrusive Transaxial Tomography Technique For Velocity Profile Measurement

In industrial diagnostics, direct imaging of dynamic variables is often as important as frame sequences of configuration and composition static distributions. There have been only a few studies presented on the application of transverse axial tomography techniques to the direct development of dynamic images. In this paper, a new nonintrusive transaxial tomography method for the measurement of three-dimensional fluid velocity profiles is suggested. The technique employs the sensing of the transit time of a physical signature which is carried by the fluid. This signature is detected at locations marginal to the fluid flow region and thus usually is represented by a configuration convolution over a region of the flow. Since time of fluid transit is the variable which is imaged, the technique is labelled Transit Time Transaxial Tomography. To aid in development of the idea of the method, it is progressively detailed for the special case of a radioactive nucleus decay signature and a fluid flow meter concept which could be applied to a nuclear power plant. Generalization of the ideas are then presented in the conclusion of the work.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ovarian bivalving after detorsion.

Abstract Objective: To assess the efficacy of a new technique, ovarian bivalving, on facilitating adnexal recovery after adnexal torsion. Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Academic medical center. Patient(s): Five patients undergoing conservative surgical management of adnexal torsion at the Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, from May 1999 to April 2000. Intervention(s): Performance of ovarian bivalving after untwisting of adnexal torsion. Main Outcome Measure(s): Sonographic appearance of adnexa after ovarian bivalving, and postoperative complications. Result(s): After surgical treatment, four of five patients undergoing untwisting of adnexa and ovarian bivalving had sonographically confirmed normal follicular function; in three of five cases, it was confirmed with Doppler arterial flow. There were no postoperative complications. Conclusion(s): After the untwisting of ischemic adnexa, ovarian bivalving is an effective technique to decrease ovarian intracapsular pressure, increase arterial perfusion, and facilitate adnexal reperfusion and recovery.
Treatment of cancer using Corynebacterium parvum: Similarity of two preparations in four animal tumor models

The tumor inhibitory properties of Corynebacterium parvum obtained from Burroughs Wellcome (CP-BW) or from Institut Merieux (CP-IM) were compared in four animal tumor models: the CaD2 mouse mammary carcinoma treated by intravenous (I.V.) or intratumoral (I.T.) injection of C. parvum; 13762A rat mammary adenocarcinoma treated by I.T. injection of C. parvum either alone or combined with excision of the primary tumor; LSTRA murine leukemia and line 10 cavian hepatoma, each treated with vaccines containing irradiated tumor cells and C. parvum. Both preparations were active against each tumor. In most comparisons the potency of the two materials was not different, but in a few cases the CP-BW was effective at a lower dose than was the CP-IM. These results demonstrate the versatility of C. parvum for use in a variety of immunotherapy procedures and show that the potencies of the two major types of C. parvum are very similar.
Distinct Functions of α3 and αV Integrin Receptors in Neuronal Migration and Laminar Organization of the Cerebral Cortex

Changes in specific cell-cell recognition and adhesion interactions between neurons and radial glial cells regulate neuronal migration as well as the establishment of distinct layers in the developing cerebral cortex. Here, we show that alpha3beta1 integrin is necessary for neuron-glial recognition during neuronal migration and that alpha(v) integrins provide optimal levels of the basic neuron-glial adhesion needed to maintain neuronal migration on radial glial fibers. A gliophilic-to-neurophilic switch in the adhesive preference of developing cortical neurons occurs following the loss of alpha3beta1 integrin function. Furthermore, the targeted mutation of the alpha3 integrin gene results in abnormal layering of the cerebral cortex. These results suggest that alpha3beta1 and alpha(v) integrins regulate distinct aspects of neuronal migration and neuron-glial interactions during corticogenesis.
Improving School Psychologists’ Knowledge and Confidence Pertinent to Suicide Prevention Through Professional Development

This study evaluated a professional development intervention that stemmed from a university–district partnership and was developed through participatory action research. Baseline and postintervention survey items showed participating school psychologists’ (n = 57) knowledge related to youth suicide improved reliably immediately after the intervention in all content knowledge areas. At 9-month follow-up, participants (n = 41) retained knowledge gains relevant to assessment and intervention strategies, whereas knowledge relevant to prevention and postvention activities declined. Increases in participants’ confidence in their abilities to execute different suicide-related professional activities and in their confidence in working with diverse youth in relation to suicide risk maintained over time. At follow-up, 87% of participants who had received referrals for suicidal students reported accessing products from the professional development, compared with 40% of practitioners without the impetus of a suicidal...
A general method for determining solid-liquid interfacial free energies

Abstract A general technique for the measurement of the solid-liquid interfacial free energy, γSL is proposed, based on a theoretical analysis of the equilibrium shape of a grain boundary groove in an applied temperature gradient. The analysis extends the work of Bolling and Tiller to account for unequal thermal conductivities in the solid and liquid phases. This extension resolves a fundamental experimental difficulty which would arise in any application of the Bolling and Tiller analysis to γSL measurements. An illustrative application of the new method is given, which yields a reasonable value for γSL for lead when compared with Stowell's recent measurements using homogeneous nucleation experiments.
Comparison of lower urinary tract symptom severity and associated bother between community-dwelling black and white men: the Olmsted County Study of Urinary Symptoms and Health Status and the Flint Men's Health Study.

Abstract Objectives To determine the magnitude of racial disparity in lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) severity and bother by combining two large comparable epidemiologic studies of community-dwelling white and black men, thereby avoiding many of the referral biases present in previous studies. Prior studies evaluating racial differences in benign prostatic hyperplasia have been hampered by selection bias, because nearly all have used surgical treatment as a marker for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods Data from the Olmsted County Study of Urinary Symptoms and Health Status and the Flint Men’s Health Study were combined for a total study sample of 2480 men. We examined LUTS severity and associated bother as measured by the self-administered American Urological Association Symptom Index and Symptom Problem Index. Results Overall 34% of white men reported moderate/severe LUTS compared with 41% of black men ( P P Conclusions In contrast to studies based on clinical populations, our community-based study demonstrated greater LUTS severity in black men compared with white men but black men reported less bother for any given level of LUTS severity. Although these findings suggest a racial disparity in benign prostatic hyperplasia, additional studies of anatomic, physiologic, and molecular factors may clarify whether these racial differences are real or due to sociocultural differences in reporting symptom morbidity.
Identification of a carcinoembryonic antigen binding protein on monocytes.

Abstract Tumor-associated monocyte/macrophage cells are important stromal components involved in tumor development. A protein on human monocyte is identified that binds to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a glycoprotein overexpressed in colon tumors. This implicates a role for this protein in CEA processing and establishes a link between monocytes and colon tumor cells. In vitro uptake of 125I-labeled CEA with isolated monocytes showed time and temperature dependence. The binding of 125I-CEA was specific and saturable as it could be inhibited by an excess of unlabeled CEA. To identify the binding protein on monocyte, we used a radiolabeled photoactivable heterobifunctional crosslinking agent and demonstrated that CEA reacts with a 115 kDa protein as determined by SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Treatment of human monocytes in vitro with CEA resulted in a several fold increase in the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 compared to untreated controls. Binding of CEA to the monocyte protein may have implications in colon tumorigenesis.
Normalizing the metabolic phenotype after myocardial infarction: impact of subchronic high fat feeding.

Abstract The normal heart relies primarily on the oxidation of fatty acids (FA) for ATP production, whereas during heart failure (HF) glucose utilization increases, implying pathological changes to cardiac energy metabolism. Despite the noted lipotoxic effects of elevating FA, our work has demonstrated a cardioprotective effect of a high fat diet (SAT) when fed after myocardial infarction (MI), as compared to normal chow (NC) fed cohorts. This data has suggested a mechanistic link to energy metabolism. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of SAT on the metabolic phenotype of the heart after MI. Male Wistar rats underwent coronary ligation surgery (MI) and were evaluated after 8 weeks of SAT. Induction of MI was verified by echocardiography. LV function assessed by in vivo hemodynamic measurements revealed improvements in the MI-SAT group as compared to MI-NC. Perfused working hearts revealed a decrease in cardiac work in MI-NC that was improved in MI-SAT. Glucose oxidation was increased and FA oxidation decreased in MI-NC compared to shams suggesting an alteration in the metabolic profile that was ameliorated by SAT. 31 P NMR analysis of Langendorff perfused hearts revealed no differences in PCr:ATP indicating no overt energy deficit in MI groups. Phospho-PDH and PDK 4 were increased in MI-SAT, consistent with a shift towards fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Overall, these results support the hypothesis that SAT post-infarction promotes a normal metabolic phenotype that may serve a cardioprotective role in the injured heart.
Cell symbioisis theory: Status and implications for the fossil record

Smith (1981) has presented three alternative models of the origin of eukaryotes. In the present investigation, alternative theories are discussed along with the status of serial endosymbiotic theory. It is pointed out that the usefulness of the serial endosymbiotic theory is attested by the great flourishing of productive scientific studies it has generated. Attention is given to the origin of mitochondria and plastids from free-living bacteria, the polyphyly of mitochondria, the origin of the nuclear membrane, the origin of undulipodia (cilia and other 9 + 2 organelles), the sequence of acquisition of organelles, large ribosomes, genome organization, animals and plants, and systematics and axonomy of the microorganisms.
Distant Damage-Assessment Method for Multilayer Composite Systems Using Electromagnetic Waves

In this paper, a damage assessment method for remotely inspecting the near-surface condition of multilayer composite systems is proposed. The method utilizes far-field steady-state electromagnetic ...
On the stacking-fault energy determined from dislocation loop growth in magnesium

Abstract The stacking-fault energy for magnesium has been recalculated using a slightly more rigorously derived equation. The value obtained, 102±25 ergs/cm2, is less than the value of 125±25 ergs/cm2 quoted by Hales, Smallman and Dobson (1968).
Interspore bridges: a new feature of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spore wall

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae spore wall is a multilaminar coat that surrounds individual spores and protects them from environmental insult. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the four spores of an ascus are connected by interspore bridges. Transmission electron microscopy of spores indicates that these bridges are continuous with the outer layers of the spore wall. In chs3 mutants, which lack the chitosan and dityrosine layers of the spore wall, bridges are absent. By contrast, in dit1 mutants, which lack only the dityrosine layer, bridges are present, suggesting that the bridges may be composed of chitosan. Interspore bridges are shown to be necessary to hold spores together after release from the ascus. A function for these bridges in the maintenance of heterozygous markers in a homothallic yeast population is proposed.
Predator‐specific inducible defenses in the rotifer Keratella tropica

Summary 1. A Patagonian strain of Keratella tropica has very different induced morphological responses to two predators – the carnivorous rotifer Asplanchna brightwelli and the interference competitor Daphnia pulex. Asplanchna induces the most exuberant morph. Compared to the basic morph, it has a fourfold longer right posterolateral spine (up to c. 115 μm), greatly elongated anterolateral and anterosubmedian spines, and no left posterolateral spine. Transitional morphs have an incompletely developed right posterolateral spine and a reduced left posterolateral spine. Daphnia induces moderate development of both posterior spines but no elongation of any anterior spines. Induction of these morphs by Asplanchna and Daphnia is mediated by kairomones. 2. The Asplanchna-induced morph is much better defended against large (0.9 mm) Asplanchna than either the basic or Daphnia-induced morph. The long right posterolateral spine usually prevents capture or ingestion. The Asplanchna- and Daphnia-induced morphs are similarly susceptible to interference from large (3 mm) D. pulex. 3. Life-table experiments with cohorts of the basic and Asplanchna-induced morphs at 5 × 103 and 2 × 104 cells of Cryptomoas erosa per millilitre indicate little or no cost of the induced defense. Lifetime fecundity (13–15 offspring per female) did not differ significantly between morphs. The mean intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm day−1) of the induced morph was very slightly but significantly lower than that of the basic morph at the lower food concentration (0.46 versus 0.48) but no different from it at the higher food concentration (0.53 versus 0.54). However, spine development may involve undetermined allocation costs and environmental costs relating to interactions with other organisms. 4. It is not clear why K. tropica has separate induced responses to Asplanchna and Daphnia. Moderate spine development probably reduces damage or ingestion by small (<1.5 mm) daphniids, as in other species of Keratella, but further development may confer no protection against larger ones. Thus, the ratio of benefit to cost with daphniids (and other cladocerans) may be highest for intermediate spine development. In contrast, much greater spine development seems necessary for effective defense against Asplanchna. The more moderate response to Daphnia also may reflect less likely spatial and temporal overlap.
Enhancement of SiGe HBT Linearity Characteristics with Current Source Bias

Linearity characteristics in terms of two-tone third order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) for common- emitter (CE) SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT) are investigated at high frequency (6 GHz) with impedance matched for maximum output power. An approach to enhancing the linearity of SiGe HBTs at their high input power levels through the use of current bias instead of voltage bias is presented for the first time. Both measurements and simulations show that SiGe HBT linearity under high input power level (severe gain compression) can be improved. The reasons responsible for the linearity enhancement are discussed. distortion of SiGe HBTs, it is feasible to enhance the linearity properties of the devices by appropriately choosing the bias topology. Since high input power operation is desired to extract the highest power performance of SiGe HBTs, whether the linearity of the devices at high input power levels can be improved using different bias topologies is of significant importance. In this paper, the linearity characteristics of SiGe HBTs in terms of two-tone third order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) are studied under impedance matched condition (for power amplification) at high input power levels (up to 10dBm input power for devices of small size (emitter area: 60 μm 2 )). The linearity characteristics of the SiGe HBTs under current bias are investigated and compared with that under voltage bias conditions. Both measurements and simulations are used to verify the results. The reasons for the linearity differences using the two bias schemes are discussed.
Enhanced invasion by enteroinvasive Escherichia coli of multinucleated HeLa cells

Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) preferentially invaded multinucleated HeLa cells which arose naturally in monolayer cultures at a low frequency. Data suggests that enhancement of the penetration step contributes to increased invasion. Treatment of HeLa cells with polyethylene glycol (PEG) led to cell fusion, and invasion of PEG-treated monolayers by EIEC increased an average of 7-fold compared to untreated HeLa cells. Large, multinucleated cells generated by PEG showed a striking accumulation of EIEC in cellular extensions. This study demonstrates that alteration of HeLa cell morphology results in increased invasion by EIEC.
Developing a Cultural Theory of Mind: The CIAO Approach

The study of children's knowledge about minds is an extremely active area of developmental psychology. This article discusses the reach of this research and the theoretical views guiding it. It then presents some cultural variations (within the United States) in behavior explanation and explains the relevance of that variation to developmental theory. A theory ofearly mind reading that is presented incorporates culture, introspection, analogy, and ontogeny (CIAO).