cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impacts of mTBI on Working Memory over Time: The Pilot Longitudinal Study (P3.313)

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this investigation is to determine the difference in brain activity associated with tasks in working memory (WM) in individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and to understand changes in brain activation over time in this population. METHOD: Twelve patients with mild TBI were compared with 13 healthy controls (HCs) on tasks of working-memory with a paradigm designed to isolate the different components of working memory. Capacity and manipulation related activation on functional imaging (fMRI) was compared between the two populations over several months. RESULTS: The data were analyzed with ANOVA with a between groups factor of Group (mTBI vs HC) and within subjects factors of Session (time 1 vs time 2), Load (high vs low WM load), Manipulation (high vs low WM manipulation). We found an interaction between Group and Session in frontal and parietal areas, and well as middle temporal gyrus. Interactions between Group, Load, and Session in the basal ganglia and left frontal gyrus were significant. A significant three-way interaction between Group, Manipulation, and Session was found in the thalamus. CONCLUSION: In this study, we showed there is differential activation over time associated with specific aspects of working memory in mTBI, manipulation is associated with changed in activation of deep structures of the brain, whereas load is associated with changes in activation in predominantly the frontal areas. This is the first longitudinal study of working memory change in mTBI. Disclosure: Dr. Essad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Azmi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Feldman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ogedegbe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wylie has nothing to disclose.
Feeding difficulties are not associated with higher rates of iron deficiency anemia in Brazilian children and adolescents—cross-sectional study

Iron deficiency anemia and feeding difficulties (FD) are common issues in childhood, reinforcing the concern about the risk of micronutrient deficiencies. FD do not necessarily reflect nutritional deficiencies, since they may or may not relate to specific nutrient sources. The objective of the study is to describe the prevalence of iron depletion and iron deficiency anemia in children with FD and to seek associations with diagnosis and its markers. This is a cross-sectional study with 68 patients (convenience sample). The following data were assessed through medical records: age (months), gender, exclusive breastfeeding duration (months), birth weight (kg), iron supplementation, hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, repertory of foods consumed (food inventory and 3-day food record analysis), and diagnosis of FD. Data were classified according to references for age and were analyzed using correlation tests, Student’s t test, ANOVA and chi-square test, or its nonparametric equivalents. A significance level of 5% was considered. Iron depletion and anemia were identified in 10.1 and 6% of children, respectively. Picky eating was diagnosed in 35.3%. Food repertory consisted on average of 21 foods, with null correlation to Hb and ferritin. The average fortified milk intake was 517 ml/day, with null correlation to Hb. There was no effect of diagnosis of FD on Hb (p = 0.18) or ferritin (p = 0.52). The same was verified in the children without supplementation, to both Hb (p = 0.54) and ferritin (p = 0.08). No evidence of association between diagnosis of FD or repertory of foods to anemia or iron depletion was found, which could be a reassuring factor for caregivers. Reproduction in large scale as well as inclusion of dietary intake variables is suggested for further research.
Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Resonance Imaging of Hexagonal SiC and Alumina Tiles

Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) is an NDE technique that evaluates a sample based on its predicted resonant behavior, but RUS is limited by lack of spatial resolution and small specimen size. Air-coupled ultrasonic resonance imaging (ACURI) is a new NDE technique that is based on RUS but introduces a spatial resolution by generating an image of the flexural vibration modes. This paper presents experimental results of ACURI applied to hexagonal silicon carbide tiles. Frequency sweep scans demonstrate the ability of air-coupled transducers to detect resonance modes. Several mode shapes are imaged and compared to Finite Element simulations with good agreement. Visual comparison allows for easy detection of material differences such as density variations.
Can index lesion tumor volume on T2 weighted MRI predict biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy

32Background: Several studies have demonstrated an association in prostate cancer patients between the tumor volume of the index lesion calculated from whole mount pathology after radical prostatectomy and biochemical recurrence (BCR). We aimed to evaluate whether the index lesion tumor volume (ILTV) measured on MRI would have similar predictive ability. Methods: Clinical and pathologic data from a prospectively maintained, single-institution database was analyzed for 501 patients who underwent RARP (without prior therapy) between 2007 and 2016. Patients were excluded if they were found to have metastatic disease on pathology or if postoperative PSA ≥ 0.2ng/ml after RARP. ILTV was calculated from T2W MRI by multiplying length by width by depth by 0.52. Tumor volume was stratified into two categories based on the cutoff of 2cm3. BCR was defined as 2 PSA values ≥ 0.2 ng/ml, 1 PSA value ≥ 0.4 ng/ml, or receipt of radiation therapy/hormonal therapy after RARP. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to as...
Population Genomic Analysis of the Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus Using Genotyping-By-Sequencing

Previous genetic studies of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus along the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts have reported weak or temporally variable spatial structure, suggesting high gene flow among distant populations possibly facilitated by long-distance larval dispersal or other features of blue crab life history. The use of relatively few genetic markers, however, may have limited power to detect subtle but significant structure that could inform fisheries management. In this study, the potential for genome-scale datasets to uncover subtle patterns of population structure in the blue crab was examined using a high-throughput genotyping approach (genotyping-by-sequencing) that generated data for more than 9,600 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in crabs from three populations: Panama City Beach, FL, Agawam River, MA, and Porto Alegre, Brazil. Principle components analyses among the three populations revealed very distinct clustering of the Brazilian samples from U.S. populations, likely reflecting restricted gene flow across the equator. Detailed analysis of population structure between the two U.S. populations revealed low but significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.0103), with FST values ranging from -0.05 to 0.48. Previous studies have failed to detect significant genetic structure on a similar geographic scale. FST outlier analysis identified 242 loci (2.45% of total) with statistically extreme values at the false discovery rate α = 0.05 level, only 16 of which showed significant sequence homology to annotated proteins via BLASTx alignment. Top BLASTx hits were to crustacean or arthropod sequences and 8 of the 16 had high sequence similarity to transposable elements or related machinery. Finally, results of population assignment tests for the two U.S. populations showed that the full marker dataset provided good power to assign individuals back to their population of origin (∼83% and 92% success for Panama City Beach and Agawam River, respectively), which dropped significantly when using only 500 randomly selected SNPs (∼61% and 72% success). Overall, this study demonstrates the great utility of high-throughput sequencing technologies for characterizing fine-scale patterns of genetic structure in blue crabs, and this approach should substantially improve the delineation of stock structure and further advance our understanding of blue crab population connectivity and ecology.
Software-defined network abstractions and configuration interfaces for building programmable quantum networks

Well-defined and stable quantum networks are essential to realize functional quantum communication applications. Quantum networks are complex and must use both quantum and classical channels to support quantum applications like QKD, teleportation, and superdense coding. In particular, the no-cloning theorem prevents the reliable copying of quantum signals such that the quantum and classical channels must be highly coordinated using robust and extensible methods. In this paper, we describe new network abstractions and interfaces for building programmable quantum networks. Our approach leverages new OpenFlow data structures and table type patterns to build programmable quantum networks and to support quantum applications.
Models and Tools for the Designers of User-Computer Interfaces

The user-computer interface is often the major impediment to successful use of interactive computer graphics systems. Design of the interface is often thought of as art rather than science, and suffers from lack of formalisms, models, tools, and methodical design approaches. Slowly, the design process is becoming more structured, and more formal tools are becoming available.
A compact 213 GHz CMOS fundamental oscillator with 0.56 mW output power and 3.9% efficiency using a capacitive transformer

This paper presents a compact 213 GHz fundamental oscillator with an optimal embedding network that maximizes the output power. Fabricated in 65-nm bulk CMOS, the oscillator occupies a core area of only 70×40 pm2, owing to the use of a compact low-loss capacitive transformer structure. The oscillator achieves 0.56-mW output power while consuming a DC current of 14.35 mA from a 1-V power supply, representing a recording-breaking DC-to-RF efficiency of 3.9% amongst fundamental oscillators above 200 GHz.
New automatic and effective tools for genome annotation

Gene prediction and annotation plays central role in genomics. However, in spite of much attention, open problems still exist and stimulate searches for new algorithmic solutions in all categories of gene finding. Prokaryotic genes can be identified with higher average accuracy than eukaryotic ones. Nevertheless, the error rate is not negligible and largely species-specific. Our prokaryotic gene finder GeneMarkS, a self-training tool working in iterations, was used in many genome projects [1]. In the new version, GeneMarkS-2, we introduced a series of heuristic models for training initialization, classification of genomes with respect to gene start organization, as well as an adaptive process of model structure modification. We used multiple tests to assess accuracy of the new tool as well as several other current gene finders. A self-training tool for gene annotation in eukaryotic genomes GeneMark-ES, has been constantly updated and has been used in a number of genome projects conducted by the DOE Joint Genome Institute and the Broad Institute since 2007. This tool was recently extended to fully automated GeneMark-ET [2] integrating information on RNA-Seq reads mapped to the genome. Another extension, GeneMark-EP uses genomic footprints of homologous proteins. Both algorithms carry similar approaches for filtering out errors in algorithms of processing external evidence. The metagenomic gene finder, MetaGeneMark [3] has been employed in IMG/M at DOE Joint Genome Institute for metagenome annotation. This tool was further developed to call genes in fungal metagenomes. Finally, BRAKER1, a pipeline for unsupervised RNA-Seq based genome annotation combines advantages of GeneMark-ET and AUGUSTUS [4]. All the tools described above can be applied for analysis of newly assembled NGS genomes without any additional preparation steps.
ANALYSIS OF NATIONWIDE OUTCOMES AND TRENDS OF IN-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN

The aim of this study is to compare gender differences in trends of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) outcomes. This is a retrospective study based on the 2007 to 2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases. Patients over age 18 years who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during their
Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of influenza.

Purpose of reviewThis review summarizes past and ongoing efforts for using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of influenza, and is focused on products that have entered clinical trials.Recent findingsAt least three polyclonal and eight monoclonal antibody products have been teste
Randomized controlled trial of telephone monitoring with psychiatry inpatients with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders.

Abstract Background Psychiatry inpatients frequently have co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders, which are related to poor post-discharge outcomes. Telephone monitoring is effective in specialty substance use disorder treatment settings in increasing continuing care and 12-step program utilization and improving substance use outcomes. This study examined the effectiveness of telephone monitoring among psychiatry inpatients with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders. Methods This randomized controlled trial (n = 406) compared usual care to usual care plus telephone monitoring (one in-person session during the inpatient stay, followed by weekly telephone contact for three months post-discharge). Follow-ups were conducted at end-of-intervention (three months post-baseline) and nine and 15 months post-baseline (73% followed). Primary outcomes were number of days out of the past 30 of drinking alcohol, using drugs, and experiencing psychological problems. Secondary outcomes were outpatient substance use treatment, and 12-step group, utilization. Results Longitudinal modeling found that patients in both conditions improved over time on each primary outcome. Improvement was comparable between conditions on alcohol and drug use and psychological problems. Receipt of outpatient treatment decreased over the follow-up period and was not related to condition. Likelihood of attending 12-step group meetings did not change over follow-ups, and was not related to condition. Conclusions Improvement over time was evident regardless of condition assignment. Patients maintained attendance at 12-step groups from pre- to post-discharge. Short-term telephone monitoring in addition to usual care for patients with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders may not be sufficiently intensive to achieve additional improvements on outcomes.
Black Males and Marginality in America’s Urban Centers: Theorizing Blackness and Media Gatekeepers

This chapter examines Black males and the critical question of whether America really cares about the numerous problems facing them. Drawing on the existing literature on Black males, social construction of “Blackness,” and three theories (Critical Race Theory, White Racial Frame, and Stereotype Threat), it is argued the mainstream media not only serve as gatekeeper in the negative construction of Blackness but may also help explain why the challenges facing Black males appear not to be attracting urgent attention. Integrating the three theories provides utility to better understand media gatekeeping and Blackness. The chapter also advances the argument the challenges facing Black males are more likely to attract national attention when a change occurs in media gatekeeping and the construction of Blackness.
Die VOC-Richtlinie als Chance für Lackierbetriebe — Teil 2

Der zweite und letzte Teil unseres Beitrags uber die neue VOC-Richtlinie zeigt, wie die neue Verordnung in die Praxis umgesetzt werden kann und welche Moglichkeiten es gibt, nicht nur Losemittel-Emissionen, sondern auch Kosten zu sparen.
Modeling Current and Future Potential Distributions of Milkweeds and the Monarch Butterfly in Idaho

Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) are widespread in North America but have experienced large rangewide declines. Causes of recent declines likely involve multiple biotic and abiotic stressors including climate change and loss and degradation of native milkweed (Asclepias spp.), monarchs’ obligate larval host plant. Recent broad-scale modeling efforts suggest milkweed and monarch distributions in the eastern United States will expand northward during summer months while fine-scale modeling of western population overwintering sites in California indicate shifts inland and upward in elevation. However, species’ response to climate measures varies at sub-regional scales across its range and both the impacts of climate change and potential adaptation measures may be sensitive to the spatial scale of climate data used, particularly in areas of complex topography. Here, we develop fine-scale models of monarch breeding habitat and milkweed distributions in Idaho, an area at the northern extent of the monarch breeding range in North America and important in western overwintering population recruitment. Our models accurately predict current distributions for showy milkweed (A. speciosa), swamp milkweed (A. incarnata), and monarch with AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) = 0.899, 0.981, and 0.929, respectively. Topographic, geographic, edaphic, and climatic factors all play important roles in determining milkweed and, thus, monarch distributions. In particular, our results suggest that at sub-regional and fine-scales, non-climatic factors such as soil depth, distance to water, and elevation contribute significantly. We further assess changes in potential habitat across Idaho under mid-21st century climate change scenarios and potential management implications of these changing distributions. Models project slight decreases (-1318km2) in potential suitable habitat for showy milkweed and significant increases (+5830km2) for swamp milkweed. Projected amounts of suitable habitat for monarch are likely to remain roughly stable with expansion nearly equal to contraction under a moderate scenario and slightly greater when under the more severe scenario. Protected areas encompass 8% of current suitable habitat for showy milkweed, 11% for swamp milkweed, and 9% for monarch. Our study shows that suitable habitat for monarchs and/or milkweeds will likely continue to be found in managed areas traditionally seen as priority habitats in Idaho through mid-century.
Lessons for the Future: Khmer Rouge Survivor Testimonies as Sites of Individual and Social Regeneration

Decades after the fall of the Khmer Rouge, the Cambodian government and international community established a tribunal to prosecute leaders of the regime. The court’s creation was accompanied by nu...
The ERP correlates of thematic role assignment for passive versus active sentences

Abstract The current study investigates the ERP correlates of reading passive versus active sentences to provide insight into how comprehenders assign thematic roles and to advance our understanding of the processing mechanisms involved in real-time language processing. This study uses ERPs to investigate how English speakers assign thematic roles while building the structure and meaning of grammatical passive versus active sentences, in which both nouns are equally plausible agents and patients. In two separate experiments, participants exhibited a frontal positivity in response to passive versus active sentences at the point they encountered the past participle form of the lexical verb (e.g., The policeman was tackling the robber/ tackled by the robber …). Such frontal positivities have previously been associated with processing grammatical sentences that involve increased syntactic or discourse complexity, rather than structural revision or reanalysis (e.g., Kaan & Swaab, 2003). This suggests that the online revisions necessary for comprehending passive sentences do not involve structural revisions per se, but rather revisions to the expected agent role initially assigned to the sentence-initial noun. These findings expand the scope of ERP research on the assignment of thematic roles and the processing of the morphosyntactic cues that disambiguate such role assignment.
A- 108dBm Sensitivity, -28dB SIR, 130nW to 41µW, Digitally Reconfigurable Bit-Level Duty-Cycled Wakeup and Data Receiver

A -108dBm sensitivity, 430MHz, 130nW-41µW, 6.25bps-4.2kbps, digitally tunable wake-up and data receiver in 65nm CMOS is presented. Employing 2-tone RF OOK modulation and an AlN MEMS resonator, the receiver attains close-in SIR of -25dB at 0.12% and far-out SIR of -28dB at 0.7% frequency offset from the carrier. Digitally configurable dynamic ranges of 11dB, 410X, 672X are achieved for sensitivity, power, and latency, respectively. The design receives data at a 4.2kbps bit-rate at - 108dBm sensitivity while consuming 41µW. The proposed WuRx is a highly reconfigurable and interference robust candidate for emerging ultra-long range IoT LPWAN applications.
Genetic variation contributes to gene expression response in ischemic stroke: an eQTL study.

Author(s): Amini, Hajar; Shroff, Natasha; Stamova, Boryana; Ferino, Eva; Carmona-Mora, Paulina; Zhan, Xinhua; Sitorus, Preston P; Hull, Heather; Jickling, Glen C; Sharp, Frank R; Ander, Bradley P | Abstract: ObjectiveSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contribute to complex disorders such as ischemic stroke (IS). Since SNPs could affect IS by altering gene expression, we studied the association of common SNPs with changes in mRNA expression (i.e. expression quantitative trait loci; eQTL) in blood after IS.MethodsRNA and DNA were isolated from 137 patients with acute IS and 138 vascular risk factor controls (VRFC). Gene expression was measured using Affymetrix HTA 2.0 microarrays and SNP variants were assessed with Axiom Biobank Genotyping microarrays. A linear model with a genotype (SNP) × diagnosis (IS and VRFC) interaction term was fit for each SNP-gene pair.ResultsThe eQTL interaction analysis revealed significant genotypen×ndiagnosis interaction for four SNP-gene pairs as cis-eQTL and 70 SNP-gene pairs as trans-eQTL. Cis-eQTL involved in the inflammatory response to IS included rs56348411 which correlated with neurogranin expression (NRGN), rs78046578 which correlated with CXCL10 expression, rs975903 which correlated with SMAD4 expression, and rs62299879 which correlated with CD38 expression. These four genes are important in regulating inflammatory response and BBB stabilization. SNP rs148791848 was a strong trans-eQTL for anosmin-1 (ANOS1) which is involved in neural cell adhesion and axonal migration and may be important after stroke.InterpretationThis study highlights the contribution of genetic variation to regulating gene expression following IS. Specific inflammatory response to stroke is at least partially influenced by genetic variation. This has implications for progressing toward personalized treatment strategies. Additional research is required to investigate these genes as therapeutic targets.
Gender Identity, the Sexed Body, and the Medical Making of Transgender:

In this article, I argue that the medical conceptualization of gender identity in the United States has entered a “new regime of truth.” Drawing from a mixed-methods analysis of medical journals, I...
Paternal antisociality and growth in child delinquent behaviors: Moderating effects of child sex and respiratory sinus arrhythmia.

Children of fathers with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) are at risk for developing delinquency, and both biological and environmental mechanisms contribute. In this study, we test parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) function as a vulnerability/sensitivity attribute in predicting intergenerational associations between fathers' antisociality and children's delinquency scores. We followed 207 children (ages 8-12 years at intake; 139 boys) across three annual assessments. Fathers' antisociality was measured via maternal reports on the Family Interview for Genetic Studies (FIGS). At Year 1, children's resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was measured. At Years 1, 2, and 3, child delinquent behaviors were assessed using the delinquency subscale of the Youth Self-Report. At age 8, boys' delinquency scores were associated weakly with paternal antisocial behaviors. However, boys' delinquency scores increased steeply thereafter specifically for those who had fathers with higher antisocial symptoms. In addition, associations between delinquency and paternal antisociality were largest for boys with higher resting RSA. For girls, growth in delinquency was unrelated to both father antisociality and resting RSA. These findings (a) suggest moderating effects of children's age, sex, and PNS function on associations between father antisocial behavior and offspring delinquency; and (b) provide insights into differential vulnerability among children of fathers with ASPD.
An Over-Actuated Multi-Rotor Aerial Vehicle With Unconstrained Attitude Angles and High Thrust Efficiencies

Fully-actuated multi-rotor aerial platforms are receiving increasing research interests for the capability of six degree-of-freedom (DOF) motions such as hovering at non-horizontal attitude angles. Existing real world hardware and experiments have demonstrated such capability for a limited range of angles. This letter presents an aerial platform that achieves maneuvering at arbitrary attitudes with uniformly high thrust efficiencies. We propose a novel vectoring thrust force actuator by mounting a regular quadcopter on a passive mechanical gimbal mechanism. The UAV platform achieves full six-DOF motion with redundancies from four of these vectoring thrust actuators. We present the hierarchical controller, which generates high-level virtual wrench commands, allocations to actuators, and low-level actuator controls. We demonstrate the first real-world experiments of any pose maneuver over 360 degrees without requiring unwrapping rotations.
"Nobody Ever Disagrees" (A)

The president of the Belgian consumer goods subsidiary of a large American conglomerate thought he had inherited a loyal, lean, efficient, and capable management team to help him accelerate the growth and profitability of the decades-old, moderately successful subsidiary. Yet after six months in his current position, not much had improved. Financial performance had not regressed—just not expanded or accelerated. Excerpt UVA-G-0641 Dec. 15, 2017 “Nobody Ever Disagrees” (A) Pierre Voisinet was perplexed. As president of the Belgian consumer goods subsidiary of a large American conglomerate, he thought he had inherited a loyal, lean, efficient, and capable management team to help him accelerate the growth and profitability of the decades-old, moderately successful subsidiary. Yet after six months in his current position, not much had improved. Financial performance had not regressed—just not expanded or accelerated. During that time, Pierre had championed several business growth initiatives—some had worked to a modest extent while others seemed to go nowhere. All in all, although no one could complain about the subsidiary's performance, it just was not stellar, and Pierre wanted it to be the proverbial “jewel in the crown” of its parent company. Pierre Voisinet If there was a prototypical fast-track executive, it was Pierre. He had top-notch credentials from an American school, and his family tree was well known and respected in Western Europe. He had taken his current position after a successful eight-year stint with one of the world's leading consulting firms. The business reputation that preceded him to the Belgian subsidiary was that he had good ideas, he delivered what he promised, he did not lack self-confidence, he worked hard, and he expected others to do the same. . . .
A multi-perspective dynamic network performance efficiency measurement of an evacuation: A dynamic network-DEA approach

In this paper, we consider evacuation planning as a multi-perspective, multi-system, and multi-process operation, and explore how a dynamic network performance measurement approach helps us to measure the efficiency performance of this system of systems. Two different perspectives are studied, i.e., that of the transportation agency and that of the household. These perspectives are linked through intermediate outputs and carry-overs generated by the underlying processes associated with each perspective. Within this context, we propose a theoretical representation of a slacks-based dynamic network DEA approach for measuring evacuation performance when a ramp closure evacuation traffic management strategy is considered. This representation requires a theoretical yet tractable conceptual framework that incorporates stakeholder perspectives, evacuation-related systems, processes and their interdependencies. This research combines the dynamic network DEA approach with traffic engineering and socio-behavioral theory of protective action. An initial exploration of the proposed approach allows for the discovery of efficiency interdependencies among perspectives, which in turn provides useful information and insights for the future design of holistic evacuation traffic management strategies.
Glass Laser Physics

This book is concerned with the physics of high-power Nd:glass lasers. To understand the design and operation of such devices we first explore the fundamental physics of the trivalent rare-earth Nd ion in various glass and crystalline hosts. It is worthwhile pausing here to understand the reasons for Nd:glass becoming the predominant optical material to be used today.
Modification of the Landau-Lifshitz equation in the presence of a spin-polarized current in colossal- and giant-magnetoresistive materials

We derive a continuum equation for the magnetization of a conducting ferromagnet in the presence of a spin-polarized current. Current effects enter in the form of a topological term in the Landau-Lifshitz equation. In the stationary situation the problem maps onto the motion of a classical charged particle in the field of a magnetic monopole. The spatial dependence of the magnetization is calculated for a one-dimensional geometry and suggestions for experimental observation are made. We also consider time-dependent solutions and predict a spin-wave instability for large currents.
Lightweight Sandwich Structures

Ligh-weight sandwich structures are utilized for their relatively high specific bending rigidity and strength. In addition, the core material can be selected to optimize the performance of the structure with respect to various transport phenomena such as fire retardation, thermal conduction, and sound transmission/absorption. Although sandwich structures can be seen as simple structural elements, their manufacture requires a series of steps necessitating the design of the manufacturing process often in tandem with the mechanical design. Keywords: sandwich structures; applications; core; manufacturing; fabrication; face sheet; joints
Subcritical Crack Growth in Hi-Nicalon Types Fiber CV1-S1C/S1C Composites

SiC continuous-fiber composites are considered for nuclear applications but concern has centered on two major issues for this material at elevated temperatures in neutron environments. One is the differential materials response of the fiber, fiber/matrix interphase (fiber coating), and matrix under thermal-mechanical loads and irradiation-induced swelling. The other is subcritical crack extension when time-dependent and dose-dependent fiber creep can occur. In this study, both experiments and simulations were employed to understand and predict this behavior. Constant stress tests at elevated temperatures in inert environments without radiation damage are being used to explore subcritical crack growth in Type-S SiC-fiber composites. Additionally, a continuous-fiber composite is simulated by four concentric cylinders to explore the magnitude of radial stresses when irradiation swelling of the various components is incorporated. The outputs of this model were input into a time-dependent crack-bridging model to predict crack growth rates in an environment where thermal and irradiation creep of SiC-based fibers is considered. Under assumed Coulomb friction the fiber-matrix sliding stress decreases with increasing dose and then increases once the pyrocarbon swelling reaches "turn around." This causes an initial increase in crack growth rate and higher stresses in crack bridging fibers at higher doses. An assumed irradiation creep law for fine-grained SiC fibers is shown to dominate the radiation response, however.
A Post-Race Equal Protection?

Most vividly demonstrated in the 2008 election of the first African-American President of the United States, post-race is a term that has been widely used to characterize a belief in the declining significance of race in the United States. Post-racialists, then, believe that racial discrimination is rare and aberrant behavior as evidenced by America’s pronounced racial progress. One practical consequence of a commitment to post-racialism is the belief that governments - both state and federal - should not consider race in their decision making. One might imagine that the recent explosion in post-racial discourse also portends a revised understanding of equality, one that will result in a significant change in constitutional race jurisprudence. In this Essay, we first argue that this view ignores the history of the Court’s horribly-fraught race jurisprudence, portions of which have advanced post-race-like principles for nearly as long as the Justices have been considering the legal relevance of race. Efforts to minimize the importance race and deny racism, even as society clearly operated based upon a system of racial spoils, are seen in early cases such as the Civil Rights Cases and Plessy v. Ferguson. While Brown v. Board of Education represented an overdue reprieve from the Court ignoring the consequences of racial categorization, since at least Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Court has steadily predicated equal protection analysis upon a commitment to colorblindness. In the more recent cases of Parents Involved and Ricci v. DeStefano, which respectively dealt with school integration and workplace disparate impact claims, the Court has treated the state consideration of race as exceedingly dangerous. Within the equality jurisprudence of the Roberts Court, it appears that the embrace of a post-racial ethic is nearly a fait accompli. We question, however, the propriety of adopting a fully realized commitment to post-racialism within equal protection jurisprudence. In our analysis, we first use statistical and normative evidence related to the disparate life experiences of people of color within the U.S. to suggest that America is not, in fact, post-race. Given, however, the Court’s insistence on ignoring statistical disparities across racial groups as occurring “because of” race, we then offer that moving forward equal protection analysis may need to turn on questions of distributive justice.
Come Hither, Go Yonder: Playing Bluegrass with Bill Monroe

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Bob Black Year: 2005 Pages: 232 Publisher: University of Illinois Press ISBN: 0-252-03002-8 (hard cover). Prices: $40.00 USD(hard cover).
Steel Cleanliness Analysis by SEM/EDS

Steel is often doped or contains oxides or sulphides to give it properties required by the manufacturer. Hence the steel needs to be assessed and graded according to these properties. To grade these properties efficiently, many steel cleanliness standards have been developed over time, some have been around for decades, others less than a year. The standards seek to classify inclusions in steel and sum the total length per unit area. This gives the steel a cleanliness factor or grade.
Assessment of the Fidelity of Dynamic Flight Simulators

The evaluation of dynamic flight simulators is considered from the standpoint of the efficiency and validity of the currently used pilot evaluations and assessment techniques. A set of requirements for an ideal fidelity measurement technique is presented, followed by a comparison of the two general approaches to fidelity measurement, the analytic and the empirical, with reference to those requirements. A hybrid method which involves the use of pilot psychomotor responses rather than verbal responses is introduced. This technique retains the subjective characteristic of rating scales, but provides information of an analytic nature that is more amenable to engineering analyses. Problems involved in the development of the technique are considered.
1968 and all that...

The year 1968 was a global insurrection but the geography of its genesis and of its legacies remains poorly understood. In relation to the outpouring of work critical of the events of the sixties, ...
Data Manager for Evolvable Real-time Command and Control Systems

We describe the design and implementation of real-time data management services. These services combine technologies developed in the context of real-time distributed object management, object DBMSs, and scheduling. This combination simplifies many of the services, and produces a result which is greater than the sum of its parts, because it can be used to improve the portability and flexibility of real-time applications.
FCT and Delay Fading for Elopement with a Child with Autism

Nearly half of children with autism have eloped from their caregivers. In assessing elopement, the initial functional analytic results of this case study found positive reinforcement in the form of attention and access to tangibles were the maintaining variables. Functional communication training (FCT) in combination with delay fading was utilized to increase communication and decrease elopement. Results indicated that communication was consistent, elopement remained low, and the child learned to wait.
Attitudes about the computer-based test of English as a Foreign Language

Abstract The principal aim of this study was to assess test takers’ acceptance of the computer-based version of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), and the links between this acceptance, general attitudes about admissions tests, other possible determinants, and test performance. A secondary goal was to evaluate differences in the pattern of results for test takers from different countries. A questionnaire concerning attitudes about the test, familiarity with computers, and other relevant variables was administered to TOEFL test takers at large testing centers in Buenos Aires, Cairo, and Frankfurt. Attitudes about the TOEFL were moderately positive and had similar patterns of relationships in the three countries: slight or moderate with test performance, moderate with general attitudes about admissions tests, slight with computer anxiety and test anxiety, and minimal with other variables.
Cross-Talk between Hemidesmosomes and Focal Contacts: Understanding Subepidermal Blistering Diseases

Because hemidesmosomes and focal contacts (FCs) play major roles in epidermal wound healing and in the pathogenesis of subepidermal blistering diseases, it is of particular importance to understand their cross-talk in the regulation of their assembly and disassembly. In this issue, Ozawa et al. demonstrate that hemidesmosome-enriched protein complex (HPC) and FC dynamics are tightly coregulated in keratinocytes undergoing migration by employing HaCat cells that express fluorescent protein–tagged β4 integrin and α-actinin as markers of HPCs and FCs.
Augmenting Children's Creative Self-Efficacy and Performance through Enactment-Based Animated Storytelling

At around age nine when social awareness and self-evaluation heighten, children experience a precipitous slump in creative engagement. We propose an enactment-based approach grounded in embodied cognition theories to support children's creative self-efficacy and creative thinking in storytelling during the period of this slump. Our investigation of the approach with 20 children indicated that enactment-based animated authoring improves children's sense of self-efficacy in creating stories, particularly for children with low to medium extraversion, and enables children to produce richer stories, especially for children who scored low on the baseline creativity test.
The Role of Computed Tomography in the Management of Pineal Area Tumors

Eleven patients with pathology-proven pineal area tumors were evaluated by computed tomography (CT) before and after treatment. There were 3 germinomas, 3 gliomas, 2 metastases, and 1 each of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, epidermoid tumor, and neuroblastoma. An accurate CT diagnosis was made in 9 of the 11 cases (82%). Although CT findings are not pathognomonic, an accurate diagnosis is possible in most cases if the CT information is combined with the age, sex, clinical findings, and, in some patients, tumor response to irradiation. CT, a noninvasive procedure, can help in evaluating the effects of various treatment modalities on pineal tumors.
Trade and international factor mobility

The comparative statics of the 3 × 2 mobile factor model prove intuitively robust. Major results from the 2 × 2 trade model carry over for the immobile factors into the expanded model. The internationally mobile factor exhibits general equilibrium diminishing marginal returns, while its endogenously determined level of employment responds in an intuitive fashion. Changes in the mobile factor's payment have economically meaningful effects. This model, with its internationally mobile factor, proves a useful extension of the model of a small, open economy.
Heat stability variants of esterase-6 in Drosophila melanogaster

IT has been widely recognised that electrophoretic mobility alone does not distinguish all allelic variants of enzymes that exist in natural populations1–4. Recent applications of various techniques, among them examination of the heat stability of allozymes, have revealed the existence of allelic variants among allozymes with identical electrophoretic mobility5–8. I report here the existence and frequencies of heat-stability variants of esterase-6 in populations of Drosophila melanogaster, as well as an electrophoretic variant whose mobility is altered by some other, probably linked, modifier locus.
One can do better than the unscented Kalman filter for multistatic tracking

The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is a useful alternative to the extended Kalman filter (EKF) for tracking with nonlinear dynamics models and when the measurements are nonlinear functions of the target state. In this paper, the problem of tracking using monostatic and bistatic measurements is considered. Previous work has demonstrated that the UKF does not always handle measurement nonlinearities in challenging monostatic scenarios better than the EKF, let alone considering more complicated bistatic scenarios. This paper reviews previous work showing that the UKF is one among many numeric integration-based filters. It is demonstrated that a general cubature Kalman filter outperforms the extended Kalman filter for multistatic tracking when cubature points of a sufficiently high order are used. Additionally, cubature-based measurement conversion for track initiation is discussed, and the posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound for basic multistatic tracker assessment is derived.
Synthesis of radiolabeled nicotinamide cofactors from labeled pyridines: Versatile probes for enzyme kinetics

(14)C-labeled nicotinamide cofactors are widely employed in biomedical investigations, for example, to delineate metabolic pathways, to elucidate enzymatic mechanisms, and as substrates in kinetic isotope effect (KIE) experiments. The (14)C label has generally been located remote from the reactive position, frequently at the adenine ring. Rising costs of commercial precursors and disruptions in the availability of enzymes required for established syntheses have recently made the preparation of labeled nicotinamides such as [Ad-(14)C]NADPH unviable. Here, we report the syntheses and characterization of several alternatives: [carbonyl-(14)C]NADPH, 4R-[carbonyl-(14)C, 4-(2)H]NADPH, and [carbonyl-(14)C, 4-(2)H(2)]NADPH. The new procedures use [carbonyl-(14)C]nicotinamide as starting material, because it is significantly cheaper than other commercial (14)C precursors of NADPH, and require only one commercially available enzyme to prepare NAD(P)(+) and NAD(P)H. The proximity of carbonyl-(14)C to the reactive center raises the risk of an inopportune (14)C isotope effect. This concern has been alleviated via competitive KIE measurements with Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (EcDHFR) that use this specific carbonyl-(14)C NADPH. A combination of binding isotope effect and KIE measurements yielded no significant (12)C/(14)C isotope effect at the amide carbonyl (KIE=1.003±0.004). The reported procedure provides a high-yield, high-purity, and cost-effective alternative to labeled nicotinamide cofactors synthesized by previously published routes.
Selection of distinct populations of dentate granule cells in response to inputs as a mechanism for pattern separation in mice

Being able to keep memories of similar events separate in your mind is an essential part of remembering. If you use the same carpark every day, recalling where you left your car this morning is challenging, not because you have to remember an event from long ago, but because you have to distinguish between many similar memories. Keeping memories distinct is one of the functions of a subregion of the hippocampus called the dentate gyrus. The process of taking complex memories and converting them into representations that are less easily confused is known as pattern separation. Exactly how the dentate gyrus achieves this, however, is unclear. Computational models predict that a different population of dentate gyrus cells will be active when an animal is in different environments. However, previous experiments have instead shown that the same population of cells is active in multiple environments, and that cells distinguish between environments by firing at different rates. Now, Deng et al. have added to our understanding of pattern separation. The researchers used a type of genetically modified mouse in which it is possible to identify or ‘tag' the activity of a population of hippocampal neurons at multiple time points. They placed each mouse in a box and noted which hippocampal neurons were active as the animal learned about its new environment. After several such learning episodes, the animal received a mild electric shock inside the box. When it was returned to the box the next day, the mouse remembered receiving the shock, enabling the researchers to note which neurons were active during the retrieval process. Deng et al. found that in a subregion of the hippocampus called CA1, the particular neurons that were active during the initial learning episode were also likely to be active when the animals remembered receiving the shock. However, this was not the case for the dentate gyrus: in this subregion, distinct groups of cells were active during learning and during retrieval. Moreover, exposing the mice to two subtly different environments activated two distinct groups of cells in the dentate gyrus. The work of Deng et al. reveals that memory retrieval does not always involve reactivation of the same neurons that were active during encoding. More importantly, the results indicate that the dentate gyrus performs pattern separation by using distinct populations of cells to represent similar but non-identical memories. Overall the findings add to our understanding of the mechanisms that underpin memory formation.