cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Case Study of a Semantically Enhanced Public Health Digital Collection

A historic public health digital collection, developed by the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Digital Initiatives Group, includes full-text public health bulletin issues; historic photos, drawings, and images; and a vital statistics database. Each content component resides in its own digital space and each has to be separately searched. This paper will discuss the development of a prototype system that integrates and relates digital content within a dispersed collection using Semantic Web technologies. The search result sets are presented as a collection of interrelated content on a scatter graph that spatially indicates the degree of contextual relevancy.
IFRS without an International Financial Reporting Language (IFRL): Evidence of Multiculturalism and a Lack of Global Transparency in the EU

Abstract Since 2005, all EU listed companies use IFRS. This paper examines 5000 EU companies from 2012 and 2013 and found that only 50% voluntarily file in English, the lingua franca or IFRL. We identified three tiers of transparency (High, Medium, Low) and found that Company Size (Equity, Revenue), Country Location (EU15, Population, GDP Rank), Language (Major Language, Number Speaking Local Language) and Trade (Ease in Doing Business, Trading Across Borders) all influenced filing in English. We also found that companies in low transparency countries (Spain, France, and Poland) had low foreign ownership and were not interested in global visibility.
The integration of 3-D cell printing and mesoscopic fluorescence molecular tomography of vascular constructs within thick hydrogel scaffolds

Developing methods that provide adequate vascular perfusion is an important step toward engineering large functional tissues. Meanwhile, an imaging modality to assess the three-dimensional (3-D) structures and functions of the vascular channels is lacking for thick matrices (>2 ≈ 3 mm). Herein, we report on an original approach to construct and image 3-D dynamically perfused vascular structures in thick hydrogel scaffolds. In this work, we integrated a robotic 3-D cell printing technology with a mesoscopic fluorescence molecular tomography imaging system, and demonstrated the capability of the platform to construct perfused collagen scaffolds with endothelial lining and to image both the fluid flow and fluorescent-labeled living endothelial cells at high-frame rates, with high sensitivity and accuracy. These results establish the potential of integrating both 3-D cell printing and fluorescence mesoscopic imaging for functional and molecular studies in complex tissue-engineered tissues.
Pericytes modulate endothelial sprouting

Aim Angiogenic sprouts arise from microvessels formed by endothelial cells (ECs) invested by pericytes (PCs). The aim of this study was to examine the role of PCs in angiogenic sprouting, an understudied phenomenon. Methods and results We adapted a human EC spheroid model to examine PC effects on vascular endothelial growth factor-A-induced EC sprouting in vitro by using Bcl-2-transduced human umbilical vein ECs to reduce apoptosis in collagen gels. Human placental PCs, separated from endothelial spheroids by a transwell, or addition of PC-conditioned media increased EC sprouting primarily through hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Mixed endothelial–PC spheroids formed similar numbers of endothelial sprouts as endothelial spheroids but the sprouts from mixed spheroids were invested by PCs within 24 h. PCs were recruited to the sprouts by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB; inhibition of PDGF signalling reduced PC coverage and increased EC sprouting. Transplanted endothelial spheroids give rise to sprouts in vivo that evolve into perfused microvessels. Mixed endothelial–PC spheroids form similar numbers of microvessels as endothelial-only spheroids, but acquire human PC investment and have reduced average lumen diameter. Conclusions PCs promote endothelial sprouting by elaborating HGF, but when recruited to invest endothelial sprouts by PDGF-BB, limit the extent of sprouting in vitro and lumen diameter in vivo .
Microscopic approach to analyze solar-sail space-environment effects

Abstract Near-sun space-environment effects on metallic thin films solar sails as well as hollow-body sails with inflation fill gas are considered. Analysis of the interaction of the solar radiation with the solar-sail materials is presented. This analysis evaluates worst-case solar radiation effects during solar-radiation-pressure acceleration. The dependence of the thickness of solar sail on temperature and on wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum of solar radiation is investigated. Physical processes of the interactions of photons, electrons, protons and α-particles with sail material atoms and nuclei, and inflation fill gas molecules are analyzed. Calculations utilized conservative assumptions with the highest values for the available cross sections for interactions of solar photons, electrons and protons with atoms, nuclei and hydrogen molecules. It is shown that for high-energy photons, electrons and protons the beryllium sail is mostly transparent. Sail material will be partially ionized by solar UV and low-energy solar electrons. For a hollow-body photon sail effects including hydrogen diffusion through the solar-sail walls, and electrostatic pressure is considered. Electrostatic pressure caused by the electrically charged sail’s electric field may require mitigation since sail material tensile strength decreases with elevated temperature. It also can substitute inflation-gas pressure loss due to gas diffusion and perforation by micrometeoroids impact to keep the sail inflated.
Photomechanical basis of laser ablation of biological tissue

The photomechanical picture of laser ablation of biological tissue asserts that ablation is initiated when the laser-induced tensile stress exceeds the ultimate tensile strength of the target. We have developed a three-dimensional theoretical model of the thermoelastic response of tissue to short-pulsed laser irradiation which allows the time-dependent stress distribution to be calculated given the optical, thermal and mechanical properties of the target. In addition, we have developed a complimentary interferometric technique which can measure the laser- induced thermoelastic expansion of a material with nanometer spatial resolution on a nanosecond time scale. The complex features of this expansion allow the needed optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the target to be determined, which then allows the stress distribution to be calculated. This work has led to several significant results which support the photomechanical model of ablation of biological tissue. First, unlike the one-dimensional model predicts the development of significant tensile stressed on the surface of the target, precisely where ablation is observed to occur. Experimental results from bone are consistent with mechanical fracture caused by laser-induced stresses. Experimental results from human meniscus, a representative soft tissue, show additional behavior consistent with the growth and collapse of cavitation bubbles within the tissue caused by laser-induced stresses.
Manipulation of ploidy in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) by heat shock, hydrostatic pressure shock, and spermatozoa inactivation

Abstract Heat shocks, hydrostatic pressure shocks, and ultraviolet radiation were evaluated for their efficacy as methods of manipulating ploidy in yellow perch (Perca flavescens). The most effective methods of inducing triploidy were heat shocks of 28–30°C applied at a time of initiation (TI) of 5 min postfertilization for durations of 10 or 25 min, and hydrostatic pressure shocks of 9000 or 11 000 psi applied at a TI of 5 min for a duration of 12 min. These treatments resulted in triploidy induction rates that ranged from 54–100%, and embryonic survival rates of 16–80%. Cold shocks of 0°C had no effect on the ploidy or survival of embryos. For perch, hydrostatic pressure shock offered several advantages over heat shock as a method of manipulating ploidy. The most effective methods of inducing tetraploidy were hydrostatic pressure shocks of 9000 psi applied at a TI of 192 min for durations of 16 or 24 min. Ultraviolet radiation of perch sperm with doses of 3240–6480 ergs/mm2 resulted in 100% inactivation of paternal chromosomes, and perch eggs fertilized with inactivated sperm had survival rates of > 50%, thereby establishing methods for producing gynogenetic perch. Studies comparing the growth and performance of diploid vs. triploid perch are underway. Tetraploid perch are being reared to sexual maturity to evaluate their potential as brood fish.
A comparison of optical coherence tomography and retinal nerve fiber layer photography for detection of nerve fiber layer damage in glaucoma.

Abstract Purpose To compare optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements with established methods for assessment of glaucomatous damage using RNFL photography and visual field testing. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants Fifty-eight eyes of 58 healthy volunteer ocular hypertensive patients, glaucoma suspect patients, and glaucoma patients were included. Methods Optical coherence tomography 3.4-mm diameter circular scans were obtained within 3 months of RNFL photography and standard achromatic visual field testing. Three independent observers graded RNFL photographs using two standardized protocols. For each method, superior and inferior arcuate bundles were scored separately, and interobserver and intraobserver variation was measured. Standard achromatic visual field mean deviation in the superior and inferior hemifields was compared with RNFL damage as assessed by photography and OCT RNFL thickness measurements. Main outcome measures Visual field mean deviation and severity of glaucomatous RNFL damage as assessed by photography. Results Optical coherence tomography RNFL thickness decreased with increasing RNFL damage as assessed by photography using both methods of photographic assessment. Standard achromatic perimetry mean deviation was significantly associated with OCT RNFL thickness ( R 2 = 35%–43%) and RNFL photography severity score ( R 2 = 18%–29%). Conclusions These results suggest that the OCT shows promise for providing quantitative measures of RNFL thickness for diagnosing and monitoring glaucoma.
On Sampling Error in Market Share Estimates

The relative error in the usual estimator of a brand's market share is reformulated in terms of marketing parameters. Such error is shown to be influenced in an important way by market penetration, as well as by variation in brand and product category volume. Of particular interest is the result that the relative error does not depend on the actual share level. Using data from a marketing research firm that supplies share estimates to the health products industry, we find that the relative error may be substantial even when a large sample is available. An upper bound on this relative error is obtained using marketing parameters that can frequently be measured using industry data and a company's internal records, thus reducing the level of judgmental input required in the planning of sample surveys.
Mandibular reconstruction with vascularized fibula flap and osseointegrated implants: a clinical report.

Abstract Primary and secondary reconstruction of mandibular discontinuity defects with vascularized flap is currently the standard of care in many institutions. The most commonly used donor site fo...
Regional and Hemispheric Asymmetries of Cerebral Hemodynamic and Oxygen Metabolism in Newborns

By using noninvasive optical techniques, we presented higher cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation and metabolism in the temporal and parietal than in the frontal region and higher metabolism in the right than in the left in newborns.
A mixed-initiative tool for designing level progressions in games

Creating game content requires balancing design considerations at multiple scales: each level requires effort and iteration to produce, and broad-scale constraints such as the order in which game concepts are introduced must be respected. Game designers currently create informal plans for how the game's levels will fit together, but they rarely keep these plans up-to-date when levels change during iteration and testing. This leads to violations of constraints and makes changing the high-level plans expensive. To address these problems, we explore the creation of mixed-initiative game progression authoring tools which explicitly model broad-scale design considerations. These tools let the designer specify constraints on progressions, and keep the plan synchronized when levels are edited. This enables the designer to move between broad and narrow-scale editing and allows for automatic detection of problems caused by edits to levels. We further leverage advances in procedural content generation to help the designer rapidly explore and test game progressions. We present a prototype implementation of such a tool for our actively-developed educational game, Refraction. We also describe how this system could be extended for use in other games and domains, specifically for the domains of math problem sets and interactive programming tutorials.
Respiratory Mechanics by the Passive Relaxation Technique in Conscious Healthy Adults and Patients With Restrictive Respiratory Disorders

The passive relaxation single-breath technique has been used primarily in anesthetized human subjects to measure total respiratory system elastance and resistance. This method was used to assess the pressure-flow characteristics in 32 relaxed, conscious patients with restrictive respiratory disorders (20 with neuromuscular disease, 12 with sarcoidosis) and 27 similarly aged control subjects free of cardiothoracic disease. Using Rohrer's pressure-flow relationship during passive expiration, P/ V ˙ =K1+K2 V ˙ considerable curvilinear pressure-flow characteristics were found in both groups. These can be attributed to a combination of the upper airway and viscoelastic and elastoplastic behavior of the respiratory system. Despite the greater elastic recoil pressure (and respiratory elastance) of the restrictive patients, their pressure-flow characteristics were similar to those of the control subjects. These findings imply structural similarities in at least the lower airways, or in the effects of retractile forces along airways compensating for reduced lung volumes.
Protease sensors for bioimaging

Optical imaging of specific molecular targets and pathways in vivo has recently become possible through continued developments in imaging equipment, reconstruction algorithms, and more importantly the availability of imaging reporter molecules. These reporter molecules encompass photoproteins expressed in vivo and exogenously administered probes detectable by fluorescence and/or bioluminescence imaging. One particularly enticing aspect of optical imaging is the ability to design activatible probes with inherent amplification. This review summarizes our experience in developing novel near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) imaging agents that report on protease activities. These agents are designed to be biocompatible, highly activatible, and able to produce bright NIRF following protease cleavage.
Designing the optimal mean for an asymmetrically distributed process

In a manufacturing environment where concerns for product quality or excessive cost are often present, process optimisation is typically an engineering objective. One method that supports the reduction of nonconformance costs and loss in product quality is the identification of the optimal process mean. Given the specification limits and associated costs for a process, the traditional method uses assumed values for the process parameters to estimate the ideal location of the mean. In contrast, this paper proposes using a methodology that removes the need to make assumptions on the process parameters. Furthermore, while most research examines the role of the nominal-the-best characteristic in the design of the optimal process mean, this paper specifically looks at smaller-the-better and larger-the-better quality characteristics. The skew normal distribution, which is relatively new to engineering applications, is considered in modelling these characteristics. A non-linear programming routine with economic considerations is used to facilitate this study.
Identifying the Environmentally Responsible Consumer: The Role of Internal‐External Control of Reinforcements

Environmental quality has and will continue to be a major consumer movement issue. In response to a growing interest in this area, researchers have investigated the relationships between a number of demographic and socio-psychological variables and concern for the environment. This study examines the relationship between internal-external control of reinforcements and environmental responsibility. The results indicate that significant differences on the internal-external control measure exist between subjects classified as high and low in environmental responsibility. The article discusses the implications of these findings for private and public decision makers.
Autonomous system for web-based microarray image analysis

Software-based feature extraction from DNA microarray images still requires human intervention on various levels. Manual adjustment of grid and metagrid parameters, precise alignment of superimposed grid templates and gene spots, or simply identification of large-scale artifacts have to be performed beforehand to reliably analyze DNA signals and correctly quantify their expression values. Ideally, a Web-based system with input solely confined to a single microarray image and a data table as output containing measurements for all gene spots would directly transform raw image data into abstracted gene expression tables. Sophisticated algorithms with advanced procedures for iterative correction function can overcome imminent challenges in image processing. Herein is introduced an integrated software system with a Java-based interface on the client side that allows for decentralized access and furthermore enables the scientist to instantly employ the most updated software version at any given time. This software tool is extended from PixClust as used in Extractiff incorporated with Java Web Start deployment technology. Ultimately, this setup is destined for high-throughput pipelines in genome-wide medical diagnostics labs or microarray core facilities aimed at providing fully automated service to its users.
ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR ASSESSING CHONDROGENESIS IN MICROMASS CULTURE

Micromass cultures of chick limb bud mesenchyme differentiate into cartilage, provided cells are plated at densities greater than confluence. Cell proliferation and abundance of proteoglycans are commonly measured variables in micromass cultures. Our objective was to evaluate alternative procedures for quantifying each of these variables. Cultures were seeded with 30- μL aliquots (1.0-2.0E + 7 cells/mL) and incubated for 24, 48, 72, 96, or 120 h; or were seeded with 10 μL, 20 μL, or 30 μL (15E + 06 cells/mL) and incubated for 0 to 120 h. Cell proliferation was assessed in double-stained cultures by image analysis or by using a multiwell spectrophotometric plate reader.The results were compared with DNA extracted from tissue cultures. Cultures stained with alcian green were used in assessing proteoglycan abundance. Cultures were quantified by image analysis under controlled conditions for illumination and at known magnification, and were quantified spectrophotometrically by using a multiwell plate reader.E...
Three-Dimensional Integration Technology for Advanced Focal Planes

We have developed a three-dimensional (3D) circuit integration technology that exploits the advantages of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology to enable wafer-level stacking and micrometer-scale electrical interconnection of fully fabricated circuit wafers. This paper describes the 3D technology and discusses some of the advanced focal plane arrays that have been built using it.
Modeling, simulation, and optimization software framework for dynamic systems

A new software framework for modeling dynamic systems is introduced. Some of the main features of this software are speed, modularity, extensibility, ease of debugging, and a free software license. This software framework has been used to fit an empirical model to industrial pilot-scale data, and preliminary results are presented. The software is available at http://robust.colorado.edu/software.
Oxaliplatin-Associated Hypersensitivity Reactions: Clinical Presentation and Management

Hypersensitivity reactions to cisplatin and carboplatin have been reported in the literature to occur at a rate of 10%-27%. Initial reports of hypersensitivity reactions to oxaliplatin were low; however, more recently, it appears as if the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions to oxaliplatin is similar to that of the earlier generation platinum agents. The degree of the reaction varies from mild flushing to life-threatening anaphylactic responses. After a mild hypersensitivity reaction to oxaliplatin, re-exposing a patient can be considered after administering immunosuppressants (eg, high-dose corticosteroids and histamine antagonists) and/or prolonging the duration of oxaliplatin infusion. In the case of moderate-to-severe reactions to oxaliplatin, re-exposure is usually not considered, and alternative forms of therapy should be explored. However, there are reports of successful desensitization to oxaliplatin, and therefore, re-exposing a patient can be considered after carefully weighing the risks and benefits of additional oxaliplatin therapy.
Isothiocyanate. II. N,N′-Aryl-substituierte Dithiomalonsäurediamide. I

Arylisothiocyanate setzen sich in absolutem Athanol mit Natriumacetylaceton zu N,N′-aryl-subsituierten Dithiomalonsaurediamiden um. Als Nebenprodukt entstehen N-Aryl-thiocarbamidsaureathylester.
Reforesting the jack pine barrens: a long-term common garden experiment

Abstract Long-term common garden experiments provide the unique opportunity to assess the individual life-long and regeneration response of different tree species to their shared environment. The survival, growth, and regeneration of three locally native, 22 regionally native, and 16 nonnative (exotic to North America) tree species were measured in a common garden experiment established in 1888 on the jack pine barrens of northern lower Michigan. None of the stems from the 32 hardwood species survived. The conifers Pinus resinosa (35%), Picea abies (24%), and Pinus strobus (7%) had the highest survival of original stems; several stems of Juniperus virginiana , Picea glauca , Pinus rigida , and Thuja occidentalis also survived. Regeneration was dominated by Pinus strobus , P. resinosa , Picea abies , and Pinus sylvestris in the plantation and by P. strobus , unplanted P. banksiana , P. sylvestris , and unplanted Quercus spp. in the old field next to the plantation. Regeneration from Prunus serotina , Populus alba , Robinia pseudoacacia , Fraxinus americana , Acer rubrum , and A. platanoides was present in the plantation and/or adjacent old field. The survival, relatively low productivity (site indices of 28–29 for Picea spp. and 44–45 for Pinus resinosa and P. strobus ), and regeneration of the species planted at this site indicate that P. resinosa is the best species for wood production while P. strobus would be best to provide long-term forest cover. The nonnative Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies performed as well as or better than species native to the jack pine barrens. Pinus sylvestris is successfully recruiting outside of the original plantation next to the native early successional species P. banksiana and P. strobus . Within the plantation, Picea abies had high survival and regenerated as much as the native dominant Pinus strobus . The naturalization of nonnative Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies in this plantation suggests that these species have the potential to become invasive in the jack pine barren ecosystem.
Comparative biochemical studies of the phycobilins

Abstract The phycobilin chromophores of representative phycocyanins and phycoerythrins were examined after cleavage from the protein with concentrated HCl at room temperature for 20–30 min. Both phycocyanobilin from C-phycocyanin and its red-fluorescing zinc complex absorbed maximally at 630 mμ in chloroform. When acid hydrolysis was conducted for a longer period or at elevated temperatures, phycocyanobilin was converted to mesobiliviolin. The chromophore of allophycocyanin differed in some spectral properties from C-phycocyanobilin. A number of spectrally different phycoerythrins all yielded the same chloroform-soluble labile phycoerythrobilin. This bile-type pigment of unknown constitution absorbed maximally at 576 mμ in acid chloroform and at 583 mμ as an orange-red fluorescing zinc complex in chloroform.
Evaluation of Antispasmodic Activity in the Intact Dog II

Results of a method developed to determine the comparative effectiveness of the active components of an antispasmodic formula and their combination in the surgically intact animal are presented. These confirm established relative potencies of the compounds involved and indicate that the combination of the formula under investigation represents a potentiating union.
College Students' Perceptions of a Psychotherapist's Treatment of a Religious Issue: Partial Replication and Extension

A study of the influence of a counselor's treatment of a client's religious values, observers' religiosity, and their interaction on observers' perceptions of counseling (Morrow, Worthington, & McCullough, 1992) was partially replicated and extended. Religious beliefs were differentiated from religious values as determinants of observers' perceptions of counseling. Student observers (N = 148) viewed one of two videotaped counseling interactions in which a counselor either supported or challenged a client's religious values. Dividing observers into high and low levels of Christian belief did not result in their perceiving religiously supportive or challenging counseling differently. Dividing observers into high and low levels of religious values produced consistent differences in how they perceived religiously supportive and challenging counseling. Findings supported the theory that people with strong religious values perceive counseling differently than people with weaker religious values.
Violet: A High-Agility Nanosatellite for Demonstrating Small Control-Moment Gyroscope Prototypes and Steering Laws

Violet is a highly agile nanosatellite whose primary mission is to experimentally validate novel control-moment gyroscope (CMG) steering laws. It is Cornell University’s entry in the University Nanosat-6 Competition, following on to Cornell’s successful CUSat program. With an array of eight CMGs, Violet is capable of hosting guest investigators’ steering algorithms for a variety of CMG configurations, including a 4 pyramid and 4-6 CMG “roof” arrays. The attitude-control design combines high-precision sensors, such as a star tracker and a fiber-optic rate gyroscope, with high-agility kinematics: 10 o /sec and 10 o /sec 2 , with the possibility of four times that agility. The spacecraft’s name derives from its ultraviolet telescope, which includes flight-spare Deep Impact CCDs and serves as a representative payload for purposes of the CMG experiments as well as optional science investigations. I. Introduction
A randomized controlled trial of breastfeeding support and education for adolescent mothers

Despite substantial evidence of maternal and infant benefits of breastfeeding, adolescent mothers initiate breastfeeding less often and maintain breastfeeding for shorter durations when compared to their adult counterparts. A randomized controlled trial drawing on the theory of planned behavior and developmental theory was conducted to determine if an education and counseling intervention provided by a lactation consultant-peer counselor team increased breastfeeding initiation and duration up to 6 months postpartum among adolescent mothers. Study participants ( N = 289) enrolled from multiple prenatal clinic and school settings, were 15 to 18 years old, and predominately African American, single, and primiparous. The intervention, which started in the second trimester of pregnancy and extended through 4 weeks postpartum, positively influenced breastfeeding duration (p < .001) within the experimental group, but not breastfeeding initiation or exclusive breastfeeding rates. This education/support intervention was partially effective in enhancing breastfeeding outcomes. Implications for research and practice are described.
Enantioselective synthesis of the lomaiviticin aglycon full carbon skeleton reveals remarkable remote substituent effects during the dimerization event.

Lomaiviticin A (1) and lomaiviticin B (2) are novel C2-symmetric diazobenzofluorene glycoside marine natural products (Figure 1).[1] Lomaiviticin A (1) potently inhibits the growth of cultured cancer cell lines (GI50 values ranging from 0.007 to 72.0 nm), and both 1 and 2 exhibit impressive growth inhibition activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Compound 1 causes damage to DNA in vitro. It has been speculated that a reactive species derived from the diazobenzofluorenones of 1 and 2 causes damage to nucleic acids, leading to the cytotoxic activities of these molecules. Experimental studies have provided support for the formation of reactive species from diazofluorenone structures.[2] However, it remains to be determined how the full structures of 1 and 2 react under physiologically relevant conditions and what cellular components are perturbed by 1 and 2.
Compiler blockability of dense matrix factorizations

The goal of the LAPACK project is to provide efficient and portable software for dense numerical linear algebra computations. By recasting many of the fundamental dense matrix computations in terms of calls to an efficient implementation of the BLAS (Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms), the LAPACK project has, in large part, achieved its goal. Unfortunately, the efficient implementation of the BLAS results often in machine-specific code that is not portable across multiple architectures without a significant loss in performance or a significant effort to reoptimize them. This article examines wheter most of the hand optimizations performed on matrix factorization codes are unnecessary because they can (and should) be performed by the compiler. We believe that it is better for the programmer to express algorithms in a machine-independent form and allow the compiler to handle the machine-dependent details. This gives the algorithms portability across architectures and removes the error-prone, expensive and tedious process of hand optimization. Although there currently exist no production compilers that can perform all the loop transformations discussed in this article, a description of current research in compiler technology is provided that will prove beneficial to the numerical linear algebra community. We show that the Cholesky and optimized automaticlaly by a compiler to be as efficient as the same hand-optimized version found in LAPACK. We also show that the QR factorization may be optimized by the compiler to perform comparably with the hand-optimized LAPACK version on modest matrix sizes. Our approach allows us to conclude that with the advent of the compiler optimizations dicussed in this article, matrix factorizations may be efficiently implemented in a BLAS-less form
Is levodopa toxic?: Insights from a brain bank

For many years, there has been speculation that levodopa might contribute to the neurodegenerative process in Parkinson disease (PD). Suspicions as to a dark side of levodopa therapy are especially puzzling because this well-tolerated drug has been so widely used for the 4 decades since its introduction.1 The impression of levodopa toxicity may have been fostered by worsening parkinsonian features and declining symptomatic control that typically evolve during chronic levodopa therapy. There has also been speculation that dyskinesias and wearing-off responses, which commonly affect patients with PD receiving long-term levodopa treatment,2 might originate from neuronal damage due to drug exposure. The controversies surrounding levodopa have made some clinicians reluctant to use this drug to its full extent (or at all) until major disability develops. Furthermore, dopaminergic agonists and other drugs with greater expense and adverse effects sometimes are chosen as alternatives so that levodopa can be avoided. The question of neuronal toxicity caused by levodopa has been a long-standing concern3,4 and is explored further in the current issue of Neurology ® by Parkkinen et al.5 Their report deals with 96 PD brain specimens whose detailed neuropathologic analysis was coupled with information regarding prior levodopa use. The premise underlying this study was that if levodopa imparts toxicity, then greater drug exposure should result in more neuronal loss and increased presence of the pathologic hallmark of …
Question Wording and Macropartisanship

MacKuen, Erikson and Stimson used quarterly Gallup poll data to show in this Review in 1989 that changing levels of macropartisanship, the two-party division of partisans, responded to presidential approval ratings and perceptions of the economy and predicted national election results. In a 1991 Review research note Abramson and Ostrom argued that the NES and GSS questions more commonly used by scholars generated macropartisanship measures less sensitive to short term factors and less predictive of election outcomes. In this Controversy, Erikson and Stimson respond to the challenge and present new data from CBS News and New York Times telephone surveys to buttress their earlier analyses, arguing against substantial effects of the different question wordings. Abramson and Ostrom explain their continuing reservations.
Primary interpretation of medical imagery by teleradiology

For a majority of applications, teleradiology has been regarded primarily as a convenience for the on-call radiologist by transmitting radiographic images to the his/her residence so that an after-hour trip to the hospital can be avoided. Under such a operation environment, the images acquired and transmitted are not designed to meet the requirements of primary interpretation. The image quality required is relatively low order since the original films will be reviewed and dictated the following day. Currently teleradiology is being seriously considered as the means for doing primary diagnosis. In other words, a final diagnosis report will be generated by interpreting the soft copy of the image displayed on the monitor without any reference to the original film. Such a paradigm shift raised many technical as well as clinical issues that must be addressed. The radiology department of Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center began efforts in teleradiology since March 1994. A number of key issues and experiences learned from our practising teleradiology in the past several months are presented in this paper. >
Variation in Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Captures in Pheromone Traps Arising from Wind Speed Moderation by Brush Lines

Paired trap lines of five boll weevil pheromone traps each were placed on opposite sides of a brush line at six different sites on a plantation in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Temperature, wind speed, and wind direction were monitored with a nearby weather station. We observed a strong negative relationship between mean daily wind speed and total daily capture of boll weevils. About half of the day-to-day variation in weevil captures was explained by wind speed alone. In addition, our data indicate that much of the variation between traps within days may arise from differences in local wind speed as governed by local vegetation depending on wind direction. Brush lines in this study slowed the wind by 40–70% and mitigated its effects such that traps on the leeward side averaged 2.5–2.9 times higher captures than traps on the windward side. The magnitude of the effect of windward or leeward placement of traps on weevil captures depended on the relative strength of the wind. Under light winds ( 20 km/h) winds, leeward trap captures averaged 3.9- or 2.4 times greater than windward captures, respectively. By accounting for the ability of vegetation to dampen the effects of wind on boll weevil trap captures, we should be able to dampen daily and positional variation in trap captures by more careful placement of traps. Furthermore, judicious placement of traps in locations protected from prevailing winds should improve detection efficiency in areas where early warning of weevil presence is critical, such as in eradication and posteradication zones.
Good Times to Hard Times: An Examination of Adult Learners' Enrollment from 2004-2010

The study examines employment, income, motivations and barriers of adult learners, comparing results from a 2004-2005 study with results from a 2010 study of nontraditional students (age 25 and over) enrolled in four-year colleges that offered programs designed for working adults. The study compares responses gathered from a convenience sample of face-to-face learners (683) in five private institutions and one public university in 2004-2005 with those from a convenience sample of face-to-face and online learners (530) in three private institutions in 2010. Economic items for comparison purposes included part-time and full-time employment, and household income.
Effects of a beta-adrenergic agent (metaproterenol) on uteroplacental circulation. An angiographic study in the pregnant rhesus monkey.

Abstract Placental radioangiography was performed in 13 lightly anesthetized pregnant rhesus monkeys under standardized conditions. Amniotic, aortic, and central venous pressures as well as the maternal electrocardiogram (ECG) were continuously monitored. In six experiments intravenous infusion of a small amount of metaproterenol was shown to accelerate the angiographic appearance of intervillous spurts due to vasodilatation. This effect could be partially blocked by propranolol and thus would appear to be caused by stimulation of vascular beta-adrenergic receptors. Evidence is adduced that accelerated uteroplacental circulation in this experimental model means increased uteroplacental blood flow. In analogy, administration of small amounts of a beta-adrenergic agent in cases of impaired uteroplacental blood flow due to vasospasm in man might lead to vasodilatation and consequently might improve uteroplacental flow and fetal condition.
Does Iowa's Health Care External-Review Process Replace Common-Law Rights?

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) established a federal external-review process that enabled covered persons to appeal to independent reviewers if their health insurers’ deny benefits. The PPACA also required each state to implement an adequate external-review process. Iowa’s appellate courts have not decided whether the external-review process is “exclusive” — meaning covered persons must use the process to challenge insurers’ adverse benefit determinations — or “cumulative”— meaning covered persons may bypass the process and file an action in a district court. This Note argues that Iowa’s external-review process is cumulative. The application of two common rules of statutory interpretation — the new-right test and the comprehensive-scheme test — suggests that courts should construe Iowa’s external-review statute as a supplement to, rather than a replacement of, a covered person’s common-law rights against an insurer. While the external-review process provides a covered person with beneficial protections and a faster, less expensive, and often more convenient means to challenge an insurer’s denial of coverage, its short statute of limitations, exclusion of oral testimony, and limited jurisdiction may motivate a covered person to pursue traditional litigation in some circumstances.
AN INVENTORY OF MATHEMATICAL THINKING DONE BY INCOMING FIRST-GRADE CHILDREN

These assumptions may not necessarily be valid for all first graders. The research that has been done with this age group does not give much direction to one who attempts to conceptualize these thought processes. Studies of children's interpretation of symbols are few in number. The most recent research on children's interpretation of symbols was done in some of the studies by the Project for the Mathematical Development of Children (PMDC) and reported in a series of technical reports (Behr, Erlwanger, &
Lower Aliphatic Amines as Chemical Attractants for Milichiella lacteipennis (Diptera: Milichiidae)

Fifteen lower aliphatic amines at several concentrations between 10% and 0.0001% were tested as chemical attractants for Milichiella lacteipennis (Loew) in the CES olfactometer. At the concentrations tested ethylamine, n-propylamine, and isopropylamine were the best attractant chemicals found, but most of the other amines tested showed some attractancy also.
Unforgiven Shoots Holes in the Western Mystique

Unforgiven appears to be no more than a conventional Western movie, replete with revenge, a harsh sheriff and a reformed gunslinger’s return to the fray. Yet as the story unfolds, we begin to realize that many of the staples of the Western are being challenged and, finally, undermined. Not only is the lore of the valiant and expert gunman debunked, but the very enshrinement of Western valor in written narrative is challenged. In addition, the plot of the film is generated by prostitutes, a group that tends to be marginalized in stories of the American frontier. As a meta-narrative, Unforgiven subverts traditional Westerns by demythologizing their glamorization of violence and gunmen in oral yarns, written tales and cinematic representations.
Closing the Loop: Stimulation Feedback Systems for Embodied MEA Cultures

By combining MEA electrophysiology with long-term time-lapse imaging, it is possible to make correlations between changes in network function and changes in neuronal morphology. By re-embodying dissociated cultured networks, network function can be mapped onto behavior, and in vitro research can now make use of a new kind of behavioral studies that include detailed (submicron) imaging not possible in vivo. By closing the sensory-motor loop around MEA cultures, they are more likely to shed light on the mechanisms of learning, memory, and information processing in animals.
The Effect of a Community-Based Exercise Program on Inflammation, Metabolic Risk, and Fitness Levels Among Persons Living with HIV/AIDS

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic remains a top national health priority. Chronic inflammation may be a critical component in the disease course of HIV as C-reactive protein (CRP) is elevated and associated with increased mortality. This study examined the effect of 3 months of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training among a diverse cohort of HIV-infected men and women. The fixed effect of time for CRP was found to be non-significant (F[1,57.3] = 1.7, p = 0.19). There was a significant fixed effect for time for upper body (F[1,51.6] = 18.1, p < 0.05) and lower body strength (F[1,48.0] = 15.7, p < 0.05) and significant declines in diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.002) and waist circumference (p = 0.027). Though levels of CRP were not impacted after 3 months training, participants demonstrated a significant increase in muscular strength as well as beneficial changes in metabolic risk factors. Future studies should focus on determining the optimal exercise intervention length and mode to reduce inflammation among individuals living with HIV.
The Way We Get Babies: A Tactual Sex Education Program:

This article presents an audio/tactual sex education program developed for visually handicapped children. The program covers the processes of intercourse and childbirth. Included in the article are...
Solubility of Proteins

The solubility of proteins is considered as that proportion of nitrogen in a protein product which is in the soluble state under specific conditions. Solubility is the amount of protein in a sample that dissolves into solution. Proteins recommended as food additives can be partly or completely soluble or completely insoluble in water.
Imaging phenotype of multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndrome 2, a rare BOLA3‐associated leukodystrophy

Multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndrome (MMDS) is a rare disorder of systemic energy metabolism associated with mutations in genes having a vital role in production of iron-sulfur clusters, important for the normal maturation of lipoate-containing 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases and for the assembly of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. MMDS 2 associated with BOLA3 mutation presents in early infancy and is characterized by developmental regression, severe encephalopathy, optic atrophy, and cardiomyopathy. Neuroimaging phenotype associated with MMDS 2 has never been described in its entirety in literature, with few reported cases till date. None of the published cases mention findings demonstrated in our case, a proband with biallelic BOLA3 variants, such as necrotic/cavitary lesions within the centrum semiovale, restricted diffusivity within the white matter, areas of central enhancement within the centrum semiovale presumably related to leakage of contrast within the necrotic center, enhancement of bilateral optic nerves, and markedly elevated lactate on magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Impact of ventricular assist device implantation on the nutritional status of children awaiting heart transplantation.

BACKGROUND Malnutrition is common in pediatric heart failure and is associated with mortality. The effect of VAD support on malnutrition in children is unknown. We sought to compare the prevalence and severity of malnutrition at HT in children on VAD support vs OMT to inform decisions regarding support strategies. METHODS Retrospective chart review involving all patients <18 years who underwent HT at Stanford between 1/1/2011 and 3/1/2018. Malnutrition diagnosis and severity were defined by ASPEN guidelines using the lowest age-adjusted z-score for weight (WAZ), height (HAZ), and BMI (BMIZ) when the patient was euvolemic. Changes in z-scores from baseline to HT and across groups were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 104 patients (52 in each group) were included. Among all patients, WAZ (-0.9 vs 0.3, P < 0.001) and BMIZ (0 vs 0.6, P < 0.001) improved while HAZ (-0.9 vs -0.9, P = 0.4) did not. Compared to children on OMT, children on VAD experienced greater increases in WAZ (0.8 vs 0.3, P < 0.001) and BMIZ (0.7 vs 0.2, P < 0.003) at HT. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe malnutrition decreased in VAD patients (40% to 19%, P < 0.001) and increased in OMT patients (37% to 46%, P < 0.001), leading to a lower prevalence of moderate-to-severe malnutrition at HT (19% vs 46%, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Malnutrition is common in pediatric HT candidates. Compared to children on OMT, children on VAD support had greater improvement in nutritional status while awaiting HT, and a lower prevalence of malnutrition at HT.
Discovering Alternative Treatments for Opioid Use Recovery Using Social Media

Opioid use disorder (OUD) poses substantial risks to personal well-being and public health. In online communities, users support those seeking recovery, in part by promoting clinically grounded treatments. However, some communities also promote clinically unverified OUD treatments, such as unregulated and untested drugs. Little research exists on which alternative treatments people use, whether these treatments are effective for recovery, or if they cause negative side effects. We provide the first large-scale social media study of clinically unverified, alternative treatments in OUD recovery on Reddit, partnering with an addiction research scientist. We adopt transfer learning across 63 subreddits to precisely identify posts related to opioid recovery. Then, we quantitatively discover potential alternative treatments and contextualize their effectiveness. Our work benefits health research and practice by identifying undiscovered recovery strategies. We also discuss the impacts to online communities dealing with stigmatized behavior and research ethics.