cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Formation of a Ternary PTH Receptor-Arrestin-GS Complex: Consequences for Cell Signaling

Arrestins and heterotrimeric G proteins (Gαβγ) regulate G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signaling and trafficking. Arrestin binding to an activated GPCR terminates receptor and G protein coupling, and promotes receptor internalization. The binding of the β-arrestins and G-proteins on agonist-bound GPCRs is thought to be mutually exclusive. Here we show that β-arrestins prolong rather that desensitize parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor (PTHR) signaling. By using optical approaches (confocal microscopy, FRAP, TIRF, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and FRET) in live cells in real time we found that PTHR forms a ternary complex with β-arrestin1/2 and Gβγ subunits in response to PTH stimulation. We further confirmed the formation of a signaling PTHR−arrestin−Gβγ complex in response to PTH binding by using purified proteins in biochemical assays. Additionally, we found that the rapid (t1/2 < 60 s) assembly/disassembly dynamics formation of a receptor microdomain that contains PTH, PTHR, arrestin and Gβγ subunits increases the levels of G-protein activation and cAMP accumulation in magnitude and duration. These data contradicted established tenets of the regulation of GPCR signaling and raise the emerging concept that the formation of a long-lived GPCR-Gβγ-arrestin ternary complex contributes to prolonged receptor signaling by mechanisms that presumably permit multiple rounds of GαS subunit coupling and activation.
In vitro development of bovine one-cell embryos: Influence of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, amino acids and vitamins

To elucidate the effect of nutrient substrates on embryo development, in vitro fertilized bovine one-cell embryos were cultured in a medium similar to synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) but without glucose and containing 3.3 mM lactate, 0.3 mM pyruvate and 3 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (BSA) at 39 degrees C in 5% CO(2) in air. Results indicated that addition of glucose was not only unnecessary, but it also had a deleterious effect on embryo development to the morula stage. Lactate supported embryo development up to the morula stage as well as pyruvate. Supplementation with 20 amino acids contained in basal medium Eagle's (BME) and minimum essential medium (MEM) improved development to the morula stage dramatically and increased the cell number compared with that of the controls. Addition of the vitamins from MEM to SOF had no beneficial effect. The SOF with amino acids did not increase the frequency of blastocysts 7 days after in-vitro fertilization but did increase the total number of cells compared with that of the controls. Frequency of blastocysts at Day 7 in SOF with amino acids was equivalent to that of co-culture although the total cell number was lower. These results demonstrate that a semi-chemically defined medium can successfully support the development of bovine embryos to the morula stage to a limited extent, but the medium lacks some nutrients or growth factors to fully support development through the blastocyst stage.
Teaching Technologists Sustainable Innovation

The best way to equip students with the skills to lead and thrive in a global economy is to teach innovation, entrepreneurship and leadership, and make them aware of sustainability. Students can develop the skills to identify and capitalize on new business opportunities through an active learning process. Universities provide students with the knowledge, and serve as the fuel for innovation and entrepreneurship [1]. Problem solving develops complex thinking ability in the students [2]. This is becoming increasingly critical as in many industries technological innovation is now the most important driver for competitive success. Global competition has also put pressure on the firms to continuously innovate [3]. There is also a need to continuously challenge given this the students need to think about building a sustainable society. An increased focus on sustainability will promote meeting the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs [4].
Frequencies of Successive Pairs of Prime Residues

We consider statistical properties of the sequence of ordered pairs obtained by taking the sequence of prime numbers and reducing modulo m. Using an inclusion/exclusion argument and a cutoff of an infinite product suggested by Po lya, we obtain a heuristic formula for the “probability” that a pair of consecutive prime numbers of size approximately x will be congruent to (a, a+d) modulo m. We demonstrate some symmetries of our formula. We test our formula and some of its consequences against data for x in various ranges.
Discrimination between fiber populations in mammalian skeletal muscle by using ultrastructural parameters.

Stereological techniques are used to obtain quantitative information from electron micrographs from 300 fibers of skeletal muscle from the adult guinea pig. Ultrastructural parameters measured include Z line width, volume of mitochondria, volume and surface area of tsystem, terminal cisternae, and sarcoplasmic reticulum. Histograms, scattergrams, and statistical discriminant analysis are used to analyze the data. The whole fiber population can be separated with 90% success rate into the red and white vastus muscles and the soleus muscle, which are physiologically fast and slow, respectively. The soleus fibers have a Z line wider than 1100 A and smaller amounts of t-system and terminal cisternae than the vastus fibers. The mitochondrial volume of the vastus fibers shows a continuous distribution over a large range (0.1–15%), with the white vastus fibers at the lower end and the red vastus fibers at the higher end.
Transition temperature of a dense charged bose gas

Abstract The linear response of a normal dense charged Bose gas to an applied scalar potential is studied in the random-phase approximation. Although the plasma frequency remains constant, the asymptotic screening around an impurity changes character at the transition temperature from exponential to algebraic. A self-consistent Hartree-Fock theory with the static screened interparticle potential yields the shift in the transition temperature (T c − T c 0 ) T c 0 ≈ −0.026 r s 1 3 , where Tc0 is the transition temperature of an ideal Bose gas with density n and particle mass M, rs = ( e 2 M h 2 )( 3 4πn ) 1 3 , and e is the boson charge.
The Riboflavin Content of Fresh and Stored Shell Eggs

Abstract EGGS are considered to be one of the better sources of riboflavin in the human diet (Hawk et al., 1947). The only data available concerned with changes in the riboflavin content of shell eggs during storage are those of Antoniani et al. (1948). A study of changes in the vitamin content of shell eggs stored for periods up to 12 months was started in our laboratories about two years ago. Data have already been reported on choline (Evans and Davidson, 1951), niacin (Evans et al., 1951a), and vitamin B6 (Evans et al., 1951b). The present paper contains data on changes in the riboflavin content of eggs during 12 months of cold storage. EXPERIMENTAL Laying White Leghorn hens were housed in individual laying cages and fed a ration composed of ground corn 34.5, ground oats 20.0, wheat bran 15.0, flour middlings 10.0, dehydrated alfalfa 3.0, meat scraps 3.0, dried milk 2.0, . . .
Magnetopneumographic Study of Human Alveolar Clearance in Health and Disease

Magnetopneumography (MPG) was used to determine the influence of cigarette smoking and pulmonary disease on the alveolar clearance of an inhaled magnetic tracer in 14 cigarette smokers, 15 nonsmokers, 8 patients of similar age with cystic fibrosis, and 4 older patients with emphysema. Alveolar clearance half-times, based upon a single exponential fit, increased with post-inhalation observation time. For nonsmokers, half-times were 65 ± 10 days (mean ± s.d.) to 5 months, 81 ± 18 days to 8 months, and 113 ± 41 days to 12 months. Half-times for smokers were significantly longer at all times, being 108 ± 28 days to 5 months, 126 ± 29 to 8 months, and 172 ± 60 to 12 months. The 8 patients with cystic fibrosis had an alveolar clearance half-time to 5 months of 92 ± 23, which was intermediate to nonsmokers and smokers. Lung clearance measurements of the 4 patients with emphysema showed wide inter-subject variation and overlapped the normal range. When looking at regional clearance, we observed that deeper regions of the thorax cleared dust more slowly than superficial regions, a finding compatable with centripetal translocation of particles. In smokers and in cystics, translocation was slower than in the nonsmokers. Magnetic relaxation rates were also studied and some differences between groups were seen. We conclude that MPG is suitable for evaluating alveolar clearance and translocation of inhaled particles.
NEW THEORETICAL APPROACH TO NUCLEAR HEAVY-ION SCATTERING.

Some recent calculations based on the statistical model have employed the adiabatic assumption inconsistently. In particular, the high central repulsive core in ion-ion collisions is due to a trial density function which leads to unphysically large densities in the close-in region.
Abstract LB-213: Plasma soluble VEGFR1 is a potential dual biomarker of response and toxicity for bevacizumab with chemoradiation in locally advanced rectal cancer

We explored plasma and urinary concentration of four members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family as potential response and toxicity biomarker of bevacizumab with neoadjuvant chemoradiation in patients with localized rectal cancer. The levels of VEGF, placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble VEGF receptors 1 and −2 (sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2) were measured by multiplex array in plasma and urine at baseline and during treatment. Pre-treatment values and changes over time were analyzed as potential biomarkers of pathological response to treatment (evaluated histologically using ypT, Mandard and N scoring at surgery) as well as for all acute toxicities in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated prospectively from 2002 to 2008 with bevacizumab, 5-fluorouracil and radiation therapy prior to surgery in a phase I/II trial (N=32 patients). Of all biomarkers, the pretreatment plasma sVEGFR1 - an endogenous blocker of VEGF and a factor linked with “vascular normalization” - was strikingly associated with both tumor regression and with the number of adverse events after preoperative (neoadjuvant) bevacizumab and chemoradiation. Thus, plasma sVEGFR1 is a strong candidate as the first biomarker to stratify patients for bevacizumab therapy. Therefore, future studies of bevacizumab and/or cytotoxics should be further explore sVEGFR1 as biomarker in neoadjuvant setting as well as in metastatic disease. This study was partially supported by NIH grants R21-CA99237, P01-CA80124, R01-CA115767, R01-CA85140, R01-CA126642 and Federal Share/NCI Proton Beam Program Income grants, and by the National Foundation for Cancer Research. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-213.
Dislocation dissociation in some f.c.c. metals

The dissociation of a perfect screw dislocation into a stacking fault in an f.c.c. lattice is modeled by the modified lattice statics. The interatomic potentials are obtained from the work of Esterling and Swaroop and differ substantially from those empirical potentials usually employed in defect simulations. The calculated stacking fault widths for aluminum, copper, and silver are in good agreement with weak beam microscopy results.
Norepinephrine applied in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus stimulates vasopressin release.

The present experiments were designed to investigate the effect of norepinephrine (NE) applied directly in the area of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus on arginine-vasopressin (AVP) release and blood pressure. A microinjection of 0.4 μg NE in the PNV produced a plasma AVP level of 26.3 ± 5.3pg/ml in controls receiving dextrose (P < 0.001). This rise was associated with blood pressure elevations varying between 10 and 13 mm Hg, lasting for about 5 min. Systematic injection of an antivasopressor AVP antagonist reversed or prevented the blood pressure rise induced by NE microinjection. The data suggest that locally applied NE in vasopressinergic neurons of the hypothalamus stimulates the release of AVP and induces an AVP-dependent rise in blood pressure.
On the resolution of chaos in population models

Some simple equations representing the dynamics of a single population over time are known to be capable of generating extremely complicated behavior. This complicated behavior has been termed chaotic (Li and Yorke, 1975; May, 1974, 1975; May and Oster, 1976; Guckenheimer et al., 1976). The practical consequence of chaotic behavior is a certain inability to describe particular population trajectories with any degree of accuracy. The purpose of this communication is to demonstrate that for certain models, when properly viewed, extremely chaotic populations can behave in very regular and predictable ways, similar to that noted by May (1975). Furthermore, it appears that, in a sense, the more chaotic a population, the more predictable its behavior, at least for a certain class of models.
The effect of CEO control on compensation risk management through golden parachute adoption

Considers the factors affecting chief officers’ (CEOs’) compensation risk and control, develops hypotheses on the relationship between the two and tests them on data from a sample of Fortune 500/Fortune Service 500 companies from 1984 to 1989. Describes the characteristics of the sample and confirms that the relationship between compensation risk and CEO control (measured by board stock ownership/control) is piece‐wise linear. Shows that CEOs in larger firms are likely to have low control (under 8.25 per cent board stock holdings) and higher salaries; while those in the middle control range (8.25 per cent to 23.75 per cent) have the highest proportion of stock‐based compensation and golden parachutes; and those in the high control range have the lowest proportion of both stock‐based compensation and golden parachutes. Compares the results with other research findings and supports the ideas of Morck, Shleifer and Vishny (1988) that equity values decline in the middle range of control because of management entrenchment. Concludes that above a certain threshold of control CEOs can manage their compensation risk by including golden parachutes in their contracts even though this may cause negative returns for shareholders.
Femtosecond Dynamics of a Hydrogen-Bonded Model Base Pair in the Condensed Phase: Double Proton Transfer in 7-Azaindole

Femtosecond, real-time dynamics of a hydrogen-bonded model base pair (7-azaindole dimer) in the condensed phase is presented and compared with gas-phase, molecular beam studies. Following the preparation of a wave packet (nonequilibrium state), we resolved the initial decay of the reactive pair and the rise of the tautomer in two solvents. Studies of the isotope effect, solvent viscosity, energy dependence, and polarization anisotropy are consistent with direct and indirect reaction pathways for the double proton transfer on a global potential energy surface.
Poster abstract: entropy-based sensor selection for localization

We propose a novel entropy-based sensor selection heuristic for localization. Given 1) a prior probability distribution of the target location, and 2) the locations and the sensing characteristics of a set of additional sensors, we would like to select an optimal additional sensor such that fusion of its measurements with existing information would yield the greatest entropy reduction of the target location distribution. The heuristic can select a sub-optimal additional sensor without retrieving the measurements of candidate sensors. The heuristic is computationally much simpler than the mutual information based sensor selection approaches for localization and tracking [1, 2]. Just as those existing approaches do, the heuristic greedily selects one sensor in each step.
Opposition to Solid Waste Incineration: Pre- Implementation Anxieties Surrounding a New Environmental Controversy*

Despite sociopolitical controversy surrounding the solid waste crisis, little sociological attention has focused on this crucial environmental issue. Drawing on research from the technological controversies, environmental concern, and solid waste literatures, this study examines the pre-implementation anxieties of a Louisiana community faced with a proposal to build an incinerator in its backyard. Utilizing survey data, a causal path model is developed in which the perceived advantages of the technology, general environmental concern, and support for recycling initiatives are identified as explanatory variables of incinerator opposition. Implications of these findings for the study of technical controversies and the larger solid waste crisis also are suggested.
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PRESSURE

Summary Our knowledge of physiological effects of pressure is as yet too incomplete to permit of generalizations, and we are still very much in the dark regarding the mechanism of pressure action. Any influence of hydrostatic pressure must be secondary to a decrease in volume. In non-living systems this results in important changes in physical and chemical properties and gives a basis for the explanation of the changes produced in living material. Such factors as the velocity of chemical reaction and the viscosity of fluids are, in general, increased quite out of proportion to the volume change. High pressures bring about an irreversible polymerization of many substances, including proteins. The same order of pressure inactivates most enzyme solutions, bacterial toxins, antibodies, viruses, and other biological agents. The simpler forms of life, such as bacteria and yeast cells, are only slightly less resistant, but all are killed by sufficiently high pressure. On higher forms relatively low pressures cause death, especially when long continued. There are many known instances where small pressures cause a stimulation of physiological processes, and this may prove to be a general phenomenon occurring at pressures below those resulting in depression. In the case of muscle contracting under pressure there is a marked augmentation in the response, and the application of pressure may, independently of any other form of stimulus, result in the prolonged liberation of energy. Provided that the pressure increase is not too extreme, all the changes observed are reversed with decompression. The action of pressure on physiological mechanisms has a special interest because it is a fundamental one on molecular relationships extending throughout the cell structure. Furthermore, it is an agent which can be supplied and removed with great rapidity and as such provides a unique tool for the study of physiological problems.
Introduction to the physics of nucleation

Abstract In this introductory article, I review the theory of nucleation by thermal activation and by quantum tunneling. The effect of heterogeneous nucleation at surfaces is discussed and a brief survey of experimental techniques is given. To cite this article: H.J. Maris, C. R. Physique 7 (2006).
Cytophotometric evidence of variation in genome size of desmognathine salamanders.

The amount of DNA per haploid genome, the C-value, is often directly correlated with nuclear and cell volume, but inversely correlated with cell replication rate. Also, rates of cellular growth sometimes appear to be correlated with organismal developmental rates and life history patterns. Among vertebrates, salamanders exhibit the greatest variation in genome size. In the present study we have examined interspecific and intraspecific variation in blood cell DNA levels in the genus Desmognathus, which shows greater variation in life history traits than any other salamander genus. Specimens of Desmognathus quadramaculatus, D. Monticola, D. ochrophaeus and D. wrighti were collected from nature at two localities in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Estimates of genome size in pg of DNA were obtained from blood smears by DNA-Feulgen cytophotometry, using erythrocyte nuclei of Xenopus laevis as an internal reference standard of 6.35 pg DNA per cell. C-values of Desmognathus are the smallest in the order Caudata. Although significant variation in DNA levels was found among the four species, the differences were small, and do not support previously proposed relationships between C-value and life-history variation.
Genetic Testing for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease that has grown more fascinating as new diagnostic and therapeutic tools have emerged over the last 50 years. In the early 20th century, HCM was a pathological entity. Subaortic obstruction was described at the outset but was only documented in patients after the advent of cardiac catheterization; it was first coined as "idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis" (IHSS) until the breakthrough of echocardiography revealed the broader phenotype. The nature of the outflow tract gradient as either dynamic or true mechanical obstruction was for years the subject of hot debate. Today HCM is considered a primary disease of the myocardium characterized by cardiac hypertrophy in the absence of a discernible clinical cause, such as hypertension or valvular heart disease.1 Typically, the left ventricle is hyperdynamic and has a small cavity size. The prevalence of HCM is at least 1:500 in the younger population,2 although it is likely to be higher in older individuals because of age-dependent expression of the disease. Early descriptions recognized sudden cardiac death (SCD) as a major clinical manifestation of HCM. While it remains the primary concern of physicians and patients, the development of internal defibrillators has provided a means to deal with this tragic event. The first series of surgeries for HCM were performed and refined about 40 years ago. The Moro procedure for septal myectomy became the standard surgical therapy for obstructive HCM. Advances in percutaneous techniques led to percutaneous septa! ablation, commonly performed by injecting alcohol into the main septal branches of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Its widespread use has led to ongoing debates about the superiority of surgical myectomy versus alcohol septal ablation, yet this debate remains unsettled due to the lack of large-scale randomized studies. While a familial form of HCM was recognized in the mid-20th century, the molecular genetic basis of HCM was revealed only in the last two decades with the development and application of modern molecular genetic techniques. Today, one of the most common questions asked by both physicians and patients centers around the availability and utility of genetic testing to diagnose and predict the risk of SCD.
Does having insurance affect differences in clinical presentation between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women with breast cancer?

BACKGROUND Hispanic women with breast cancer present differently than do non-Hispanic white (NHW) women. Lack of access to care has been offered as an explanation for these differences. In this study breast cancer presentation was examined in Hispanic women in a comprehensive, equal-access health care system. METHODS Hispanic and NHW breast cancer cases registered between 1995 and 2004 in the Kaiser Permanente of Colorado Tumor Registry were compared by age at diagnosis, stage, tumor grade, size, and receptor status. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to generate age-adjusted odds ratios by ethnicity and each tumor characteristic. RESULTS A total of 139 Hispanic women and 2118 NHW women with breast cancer were identified. Hispanic women had a mean average age at diagnosis of 56 years compared with 61 years for NHW women (P < .0001). Use of mammographic screening services in the prior 2 years was similar by ethnicity. Relative to NHW women, Hispanic women had age-adjusted odds ratios of 2.70 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26–5.77) for having stage IV disease, 2.25 (95% CI: 1.39–3.67) for having poorly differentiated tumors, 2.16 (95% CI: 1.26–3.69) for having a tumor greater than 5 cm, and 1.88 (95% CI: 1.24–2.81) for having estrogen receptor-negative tumors. CONCLUSIONS Despite equal access to health care services, differences persist in the size, stage, and grade of breast cancer for Hispanic women compared with NHW women. The results of the study suggest a biologic/genetic basis for these differences. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
N-cadherin expression and function in cultured oligodendrocytes.

N-Cadherin is a major cell adhesion molecule that is expressed in the developing nervous system where it has been implicated in neural migration and axon growth. Recently, a role for N-cadherin in oligodendrocyte differentiation has been identified [23]. Oligodendrocyte precursors adhere to N-cadherin and mature rapidly to produce myelin sheets. Since this implies that oligodendrocytes express N-caderin, we examined the expression of N-cadherin by oligodendrocytes in culture. N-Cadherin was expressed by O-2A progenitors, immature oligodendrocytes and mature oligodendrocytes, but at a lower level than in type 1 astrocytes in the same cultures. On mature oligodendrocytes, the N-cadherin was concentrated on the major processes emerging from the soma. The ability of N-cadherin and merosin to promote oligodendrocyte precursor migration was also studied. Average migration rates were significantly higher on merosin (11.2 μm/h) than on N-cadherin (5.6 μm/h). These results suggest that N-cadherin is not likely to function predominantly as a substrate that stimulates migration of O-2A progenitors, but may be more important in initiating early oligodendrocyte-axon interactions that promote the process of myelination.
A latent class analysis of illicit drug abuse/dependence: results from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.

Aims We examine the co-occurrence of abuse/dependence across different illicit drugs and test associations between these classes and major psychiatric disorders. Method Latent class analyses were used to characterize polysubstance abuse/dependence (AB/D) in 43 093 individuals who participated in the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to examine the association between the classes of life-time illicit drug AB/D and gender, age and race, as well as life-time Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV (DSM-IV) alcohol abuse/dependence, nicotine dependence, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social phobia and antisocial personality disorder. Results Five latent classes were identified: no AB/D (class 1: 92.5%), cannabis AB/D only (class 2: 5.8%), stimulants + hallucinogen AB/D (class 3: 0.6%), prescription drug AB/D (class 4: 0.6%) and polysubstance AB/D (class 5: 0.5%). Major depressive disorder and nicotine dependence were associated most strongly with class 5. Anxiety disorders were associated strongly with the prescription drug AB/D class while alcohol AB/D and ASPD were associated with classes 2, 3, 4 and 5 when compared to the reference class (class 1). Conclusions Significant heterogeneity exists in this US population for polysubstance AB/D patterns with evidence for a subgroup with high rates of sedative, tranquilizer and opiate AB/D and a history of anxiety disorders, a stimulant/hallucinogens group, a high-risk group with elevated rates of all psychiatric disorders and a milder cannabis AB/D only group. Replication of such classes across other samples has significant implications, such as characterizing risk groups that may be etiologically diverse.
R&D advancement, technology diffusion, and impact on evaluation of public R&D ☆

In a 2001 report titled ''Research at DOE: Was It Worth It?'', a National Research Council (NRC) committee defined a set of simplifying rules to estimate the net economic benefits from technologies supported by the Department of Energy (DOE). This NREL paper evaluates the efficacy of the NRC rules compared to published literature on acceleration of technology introduction into markets, technology diffusion, and infrastructure change. It also offers considerations for revisions of the rules that call for the use of technology and sector-specific data, advanced forecasting techniques, and sensitivity analysis to test the robustness of the methodology.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonist AIDA Blocks Induction of Mossy Fiber-CA3 LTP In Vivo

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) are implicated in long-term memory storage. mGluR-I and mGluR-II antagonists impede various forms of learning and long-term potentiation (LTP) in animals. D...
A titration of a strong tribasic acid with a strong triacidic base

Abstract Hexacyanocobaltic acid, H3[Co(CN)6], a strong tribasic acid, has been titrated potentiometrically with hexamminocobali hydroxide, [Co(NH3)6](OH)3, and with triethylenediaminocobalti hydroxide, [Co(en)3](OH)3, both strong triacidic bases.
Effect of implant angulation upon retention of overdenture attachments.

Introduction Overdentures supported and retained by endosteal implants depend upon mechanical components to provide retention. Ball attachments are frequently described because of simplicity and low cost, but retentive capacity of these components may be altered by a lack of implant parallelism. Purpose The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the retention of gold and titanium overdenture attachments when placed on ball abutments positioned off-axis. Methods and materials Four ball abutments were hand-tightened onto ITI dental implants and placed in an aluminum fixture that allowed positioning of the implants at 0 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, and 30 degrees from a vertical reference axis. Gold and titanium matrices were then coupled to the ball abutments at various angles and then subjected to pull tests at a rate of 2 mm/second; the peak loads of release (maximum dislodging forces) were recorded and subjected to statistical analyses. A balanced and randomized factorial experimental design testing procedure was implemented. Results Statistically significant differences in retention of gold matrices were noted when ball abutments were positioned at 20 degrees and 30 degrees , but not at 0 degrees and 10 degrees. Statistically significant differences were noted among the titanium matrices employed for the testing procedure, as well as for the 4 ball abutments tested. Angle was not a factor affecting retention for titanium matrices. Conclusions (1) The gold matrices employed for the testing procedures exhibited consistent values in retention compared to titanium matrices, which exhibited large variability in retention. (2) Angle had an effect upon the retention of gold matrices, but not for titanium matrices.
A Multi-Function Ring Magnet Power Supply for Rapid-Cycling Synchrotrons

Ring magnet power supply (RMPS) circuits that produce a wide range of magnet current waveshapes for rapid-cycling synchrotrons (RCS) are described. The shapes range from long flat-tops separated by a biased dual frequency cosine wave to those having a flat-bottom (injection), followed by a lower frequency cosine half wave (acceleration), a flat-top (extraction), and a higher frequency cosine half wave (magnet reset). Applications of these circuits for proposed synchrotrons are outlined. Solid-state switching circuits and the results of proof-of-concept tests are shown.
Cancellation of Sudakov Effects in the Drell-Yan Process

We show, by a direct examination of Feynman graphs, that lowest-order Sudakov effects factorize from Glauber-region gluons in quark-hadron scattering. We then find that the Sudakov double logarithms cancel. This result is consistent with order-by-order factorization in perturbation theory for the Drell-Yan process.
Recovering the Nation's Body: Cultural Memory, Medicine, and the Politics of Redemption

Recovering the Nation's Body: Cultural Memory, Medicine, and the Politics of Redemption. Linda A. Hogle. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1999. ix. 242 pp., figures, tables, appendix, notes, glossary, bibliography, index.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MAMMALIAN SPERM MOTILITY

Spermatozoa of several mammalian species were studied by means of high-speed cinematography and electron microscopy. Three types of motile patterns were observed in mouse spermatozoa. The first type involved an asymmetrical beat which seemed to propel the sperm in circular paths. The second type involved rotation of the sperm and appeared to allow them to maintain straight paths. In the third type of pattern, the sperm appeared to move by crawling on surfaces in a snakelike manner. Spermatozoa of rabbit and Chinese hamster also had an asymmetrical beat which sometimes caused them to swim in circles. In spite of the asymmetry of the beat, these spermatozoa were also able to swim in straight paths by rotating around a central axis as they swam. Spermatozoa of some species appeared very flexible; their flagella formed arcs with a very small radius of curvature as they beat. Spermatozoa of other species appeared very stiff, and their flagella formed arcs with a very large radius of curvature. The stiffness of the spermatozoan appeared to correlate positively with the cross-sectional area of the dense fibers. This suggests that the dense fibers may be stiff elastic elements. Opossum sperm become paired as they pass through the epididymis. Pairs of opossum spermatozoa beat in a coordinated, alternating manner.
Neither Background Diet Nor Type of Soy Food Affects Short-Term Isoflavone Bioavailability in Women

To characterize bioavailability of soybean isoflavones, proposed anticarcinogenic food components, eight women, ages 20-41 y, were fed 0.9 mg isoflavones/kg body wt from soymilk at 0730, 1230 and 1730 h for 1 d. Subjects consumed three background diets in random order: a diet prepared for them (basic foods diet) or a self-selected diet at the specified times, or a self-selected diet eaten ad libitum. In a second study, women were fed single isoflavone doses of 0.8-1.4 mg/kg in breakfast casseroles containing tofu, tempeh, cooked soybeans or texturized vegetable protein. Both studies were conducted in randomized, cross-over designs. Plasma, urine and fecal isoflavones were measured by reverse-phase HPLC. After consumption of background diets, 48-h urinary recovery of daidzein (D) was 26-27%, and of genistein (G), 18-20% of the dose given with each diet. At 24 h after consumption of different background diets, plasma D and G concentrations were similar (1.4 +/- 0.7 mmol/L) and were not affected by diet selection. Urinary recoveries of D over 24 h from the various soy foods were 38-51%, and of G, 9-16% of the dose given. In both studies, urinary recovery of D was significantly greater than that of G. Only a few percentage of the total isoflavone dose was recovered in feces, probably due to bacterial breakdown of these compounds. Therefore, isoflavone bioavailability may not be affected by choice of background diet or food source of isoflavones.
Personal beliefs and cultural stereotypes about racial characteristics.

Social stereotypes may be expressed as personal beliefs about the characteristics of a group or as beliefs about the predominant cultural view of a group. In a study with a full intergroup design. Black and White participants rated Black and White racial groups. Results supported 3 sets of predictions derived from a projection model of stereotyping. First, participants' personal beliefs predicted their ratings of cultural stereotypes even when the group averages of personal beliefs and cultural stereotypes were statistically controlled. Second, interrater agreement in stereotype ratings was substantial for both rating tasks. Third, members of both groups underestimated how favorably their own group was rated by members of their respective out-group. Implications of the findings for the mental organizations of stereotypes, their measurement, and their consequences for social behavior are discussed.
Power-Aware Data Management for Mobil Devices

The popularity of mobile devices is growing rapidly. Due to the increase in application complexity, and the limited power supply in most mobile systems, energy optimization has become a popular research area. Different approaches have been used is lowering the energy cost. These include a variety of hardware and software techniques. In this research, we propose a novel technique that uses the Smart Caching approach cooperating with the Direct memory Access and the page caching mechanisms to keep process memory footprints small. More memory nodes thus can be put into a power-saving mode. As a result, the battery-powered supply of a mobile device can last longer. Experiments were conducted on a simulated operating system modified towards different energy-saving techniques. Analysis and comparisons were made to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
NEAREST-NEIGHBOUR METHODS FOR TIME SERIES ANALYSIS

Abstract. The nearest-neighbour method, because of its intuitively appealing nature and competitive theoretical properties, deserves consideration in time-series applications akin to attention it has received lately in the i.i.d. case. Here it is shown that as a nonparametric regression device, like the kernel method, under the G2 mixing assumption, it converges in quadratic mean at the Stone-optimal rate. In the closing sections, our methodology is extended to a broader pattern-recognition context, and applied to hydrologic data.
Validation of a group-administered pictorial dietary recall with 9- to 11-year-old children.

Abstract Objective Determine validity of Day in the Life Questionnaire-Colorado (DILQ-CO) as a dietary assessment tool for classroom-administered use. Methods Agreement between DILQ-CO responses and weighed plate waste measured in 125 fourth-grade students in 2 low-income schools. Validity assessed by comparing reported school lunch items and portion size estimations on DILQ-CO to plate waste. Agreement calculated using Spearman correlations, κ statistic, percent agreement, exclusions, intrusions, and mismatches. Results Substantial-to-almost-perfect agreements for students' reports of food eaten in all but the dessert category (κ coefficients: 0.65-0.97; 81%-99% matches). Significant correlations ( P ≤ .05) were found between students' reports of how much was eaten and plate waste measurements for 6 of 10 items; agreement ranged from 47%-82%. Conclusions and Implications Classroom-administered DILQ-CO provided a valid measure of reported school lunch items, with amounts reported eaten of lower but still acceptable agreement. This tool shows promise as a group-administered dietary recall with children.
Reproductive performance of Kittlitz's Murrelet in a glaciated landscape, Icy Bay, Alaska, USA

ABSTRACT Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) is a dispersed-nesting seabird endemic to Alaska and eastern Russia that may have experienced considerable population declines in some parts of its range in the past few decades. Poor reproduction has been suggested as the demographic bottleneck, yet there are no direct estimates of reproduction in a glaciated area where this species reaches its highest densities at sea during the breeding season. The lack of demographic information in glacial habitats has limited our ability to interpret population trends and to clarify whether the presence of glaciers affects reproductive performance. Between 2007 and 2012, we radio-tagged Kittlitz's Murrelets to measure breeding propensity, nesting success, and fecundity in the heavily glaciated landscape of Icy Bay, Alaska, USA. Of 156 radio-tagged birds, 20% were breeders, 68% were potential breeders, and 12% were nonbreeders. Radio-tagged males (29%) were more likely to be breeders compared to females (11%). ...
Determination of minimum identifiable quantities for target analysis of semivolatile organic compounds

Thirty-five semivolatile compounds from the phenolic, chlorinated hydrocarbon, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon classes are analyzed with the use of lightpipe-based gas chromatography/infrared spectrometry in order to determine the minimum identifiable quantities (MIQ) as defined in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method 8410. MIQs for all compounds studied are in the range of 1 to 20 nanograms. The present results represent an improvement of about an order of magnitude over those reported earlier in US. EPA studies. An important factor in achieving this improvement is the use of selected wavelength chromatogram reconstructions for locating high-noise chromatogram data files. These data suggest that target analysis of complex semivolatile environmental organic samples is achievable by lightpipe GC/FT-IR.
Religious and spiritual factors and the consequences of trauma: a review and model of the interrelationship.

Objective:An increasing body of literature examines the association of religious factors with posttraumatic stress as well as posttraumatic growth. This review of selected empirical studies describes religious and spiritual factors that have been examined in their association with the consequences of trauma. A comprehensive model is proposed to explain the complex interrelationship.Method:We performed a qualitative review of empirical research in August 2006, updated in February 2008, using Medline (1950-present), PsychInfo (1806-present), Web of Science (1900-present), and PILOTS (1960-present). We searched the terms posttraumatic, post-traumatic stress, posttraumatic growth, and religion, religious, spirituality, spiritual, meditation, and forgiveness. Based on supporting data from reviewed literature, we then developed a model for key religious factors derived from this review predictive of the response to trauma over time.Results:Twenty-three studies were identified that describe religious pre-trauma ...
Understanding and forecasting hypoxia using machine learning algorithms

This study’s primary objective lies in short-term forecasting of where and when hypoxia may transpire to enable observing its effects in real time, focusing on a case study in Corpus Christi Bay (Texas). Dissolved oxygen levels in this bay can be characterized by three temporal trends (daily, seasonal, and long-term). To predict hypoxic events, these three mathematical trends are isolated and extracted to obtain unbiased forecasts using a sequential normalization approach. Next, machine learning algorithms are constructed employing the continuous, normalized values from a variety of sensor locations. By including latitude and longitude coordinates as additional variables, a spatial depiction of hypoxic conditions can be illustrated effectively, allowing for more efficient summer data collection and more accurate, near-real-time projections. Using k-nearest neighbor and regression tree algorithms, approximate probabilities of observing hypoxia the following day were calculated, and estimates of dissolved oxygen levels were also computed. During periods in which hypoxia was observed, forecast probabilities of hypoxia exceeded 80%. Conversely, during periods in which no hypoxia was observed, the model’s estimate remained below 20%. These results indicate that the modeling approach produces reasonable forecasts for this case study.
Percutaneous selective pulmonary artery bands (Joeys) in a pulmonary overcirculation model.

Background: Control of distal pulmonary artery (PA) pressure and flow is a critical step in palliating infants with complex congential heart disease. Surgical procedures to protect or isolate the pulmonary circulation carry significant risk and can be unpredictable. Interventional control of pulmonary pressure/flow with an intravascular device (band) could reduce risk and improve regulation of pulmonary flow. Methods: Internal pulmonary bands were created from woven nitinol to create an internal orifice estimated to reduce distal pulmonary arterial pressure by 50%. Two designs were tested, a single eccentric lumen and two symmetrical lumens. The devices were approximately 7-mm long and the external diameter varied to suit the pulmonary arterial lumen size. A total of 15 devices were implanted in seven lambs with a stented ductus arteriosus to create high pulmonary pressure/flow. Four lambs were followed with devices and stent in place for a mean of 37 ± 13 days. Results: Fourteen of 15 devices were successfully implanted. One was acutely removed since the size was too large. Both device designs created greater than a 50% reduction in distal pulmonary pressure. Main PA pressure was 70/38, mean 50 ± 13 mm Hg, and distal PA pressure 25/16, mean 20 ± 7 mm Hg (P < 0.05). Angiography demonstrated protection of the internal banded pulmonary segments from overcirculation. Late follow-up showed that the device lumen(s) remained patent. Histology showed the vessel media to be intact but there was intimal proliferation where the device approximated the wall. There were no thrombotic emboli detected. Conclusion: Percutaneous internal banding of the pulmonary arteries was feasible and successful in lambs with high pulmonary flow/pressure analogous to infants with complex congenital heart disease. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Human tumor suppressor genes

INTRODUCTION . . . , ... ,", .. ", .... ,',', .... ", ..... , ...... " .... ,', .... ,' .. """, ... "" ....... '" 616 SOMATIC CELL HYBRID STUDIES . . . . . . . ... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . , 616 Specific Chromos,?me� are Asso�iated with Control of Tumorlgemc ExpressIOn . . . . " 618 CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR GENETIC EVIDENCE FOR GENE LOSS IN HUMAN CANCER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621 Wilms' Tumor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 Colorectal Cancer . . .... ........ . . .... . . . . .... . . . . .. .. 626 Lung Carcinomas . . . . . , 627 Renal Cell Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 Neuroblastoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 Carcinoma of the Breast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629 FUNCTIONAL EVIDENCE FOR TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES . . . . . ... . . . 629 Monochromosome Transfer Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630 MOLECULAR GENETIC EVIDENCE FOR TUMOR SUPPRESSION ......... . . . . ... . .. 632 The Rb·] Retinoblastoma Gene ... . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . .... . . . ... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632 p53 Gene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636 The Wilms' Tumor Gene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639 The DCC Gene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640 Other Candidate Tumor Suppressor Genes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 641 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES ARE NOT ANTIONCOGENES . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642 DO TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES CONTROL EXPRESSION OF A NEW CLASS OF ONCOGENES? ... . . . . . . . ....... . ... . .. .. . ....... . . ... . . .. 643 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS . . . ...... . . .. . . . ..... ..... . . ..... . ... . . . ..... . . .. . 644