cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outcome of mitral valve repair in patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation: Should the maze procedure be combined with mitral valvuloplasty?

To examine late outcome of mitral valve repair in patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation, we reviewed the cases of 323 consecutive patients who underwent mitral valvuloplasty for mitral regurgitation from 1980 to 1991; average age of 215 men and 108 women was 64 years (range 14 to 88 years), and 224 patients (70 %) were in New York Heart Association class III or IV before operation. The main indications for operation were severe mitral regurgitation (76%), coronary artery disease with associated mitral regurgitation (15%), and aortic valve disease (6%). At the time of mitral valve repair, coronary artery bypass grafting was done in 35% of patients, aortic valve replacement was done in 7%, and multiple other procedures were done in 10%. For all patients, the 30-day mortality rate was 2.5% (70% confidence limits 1.6% to 3.4%) and survivorships at 3 and 5 years were 81% and 76%, respectively. Before operation, 216 patients were in sinus rhythm and 97 patients had atrial fibrillation; in the latter group, 11 had recent onset of atrial fibrillation within 3 months preceding mitral valve repair. Comparing patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation to those with sinus rhythm, we found no significant difference in operative mortality (3% versus 1.9%) or 5-year survivorship (74.3% ± 6.3% versus 76.9% ± 4.0%). At late follow-up, atrial fibrillation was present in 5% of patients with preoperative sinus rhythm, 80% of patients with preoperative chronic atrial fibrillation, and 0% of patients with preoperative recent onset atrial fibrillation (p
Leakless DNA Strand Displacement Systems

While current experimental demonstrations have been limited to small computational tasks, DNA strand displacement systems DSD systemsi¾?[25] hold promise for sophisticated information processing within chemical or biological environments. A DSD system encodes designed reactions that are facilitated by three-way or four-way toehold-mediated strand displacement. However, such systems are capable of spurious displacement events that lead to leak: incorrect signal production. We have identified sources of leak pathways in typical existing DSD schemes that rely on toehold sequestration and are susceptible to toeless strand displacement i.e. displacement reactions that occur despite the absence of a toehold. Based on this understanding, we propose a simple, domain-level motif for the design of leak-resistant DSD systems. This motif forms the basis of a number of DSD schemes that do not rely on toehold sequestration alone to prevent spurious displacements. Spurious displacements are still possible in our systems, but require multiple, low probability events to occur. Our schemes can implement combinatorial Boolean logic formulas and can be extended to implement arbitrary chemical reaction networks.
Unstable Angina and Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Acute Coronary Syndromes)

Approximately 8 million patients present annually to the emergency room with symptoms of acute chest pain. Of these, 2 million turn out to have a cardiac cause resulting in hospitalization. Fewer than 10% of these patients have ST segment elevation on the electrocardiogram (1). Since the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the electrocardiogram are poor in this setting, there is a strong impetus for effective emergency room stratification. The spectrum of “acute coronary syndromes” includes unstable angina and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction as the clinical presentations. The distinction between these syndromes is usually made retrospectively based on biochemical markers, and hence, initial treatment strategies are identical. The diagnosis of primary unstable angina excludes external factors that may exacerbate the symptoms of coronary ischemia, such as severe anemia, thyrotoxicosis, and tachyarrhythmias.
Ranking and fusion approaches for XML book retrieval

For INEX 2009 UC Berkeley focused on the Book track and all of our submissions were for that track. We tried a variety of different approaches for our Book Track runs, the TREC2 logistic regression probabilistic model used in previous INEX Book Track submissions as well as various fusion approaches including use of the Okapi BM-25 algorithm. This paper focusses on the approaches used in the various runs submitted, and shows the preliminary results from the book search evaluation.
POLYPHOSPHATE INHIBITION OF GROWTH OF PSEUDOMONADS FROM POULTRY MEAT.

Both commercial polyphosphates and equivalent mixtures of chemically pure polyphosphates inhibited the growth of nonfluorescent pseudomonads in a synthetic medium. Fluorescent strains grew after a short lag. Inhibition was not caused by high pH, but rather by chelation of metal ions essential to the growth of the bacteria. Mg++ and the natural competitive chelators, pyoverdine and bacteriological peptone, reversed the inhibition. Chilling chicken carcasses overnight in slush ice containing 3 and 8% polyphosphates lengthened subsequent shelf-life 17 and 25%, respectively. Chickens held in continuous contact with 3 and 8% solutions of polyphosphates during storage at 2.2 C kept 17 and 67% longer, respectively. Only fluorescent strains developed in the presence of 3 and 8% polyphosphates. Chickens held in antiseptic ice containing 8% polyphosphates kept 60% longer than did those in water ice.
The effectiveness of hysterectomy for chronic pelvic pain

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of hysterectomy in treating chronic pelvic pain, and to identify risk factors for persistent pelvic pain. Methods A group of 308 women who had hysterectomy for chronic pelvic pain of at least 6 months' duration was followed-up for 1 year after surgery, as part of a large, prospective, multicenter cohort study. Persistent pain was defined as a trichotomous variable, and ordinal logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of the trichotomous outcome. Results Overall, 74% of women experienced complete resolution of pelvic pain, 21% reported continued but decreased pain, and 5% reported either unchanged or increased pain after hysterectomy. In unadjusted analyses, women at increased risk for persistent pain (eg, continued but decreased, and unchanged or increased) included those who were under age 30 (36 versus 22%, P P P P P Conclusion Most women with chronic pelvic pain have long-term improvement after hysterectomy. However, up to 40% of women in specific subgroups may continue to experience long-term pain.
X-rays Go Where Neutrons Fear to Tread

MATERIAL PROPERTIESSome neighborhoods have been off limits to x-rays, such as materials' fine-scale magnetic structure and the fleeting molecular alliances within disordered materials such as liquids and glasses. Those have been the domains of neutron beams ever since the first research reactors were built in the 1950s. With the advent of third-generation synchrotron sources, however, x-ray scattering is making inroads into neutron territory.
Damage and repair in mammalian cells after exposure to non-ionizing radiations III. Ultraviolet and visible light irradiation of cells of placental mammals, including humans, and determinations of photorepairable damage in vitro

Abstract Cultured cells of placental mammals (including human skin fibroblasts) as well as fresh cornea tissue from oxen have been UV (254 nm)-irradiated and either kept dark or exposed to photoreactivating light (wavelengths >375 nm) only prior to extraction of their DNA. The latter was added to an in vitro photorepair system consisting of UV-irradiated DNA from Haemophilus influenzae and yeast-photoreactivating enzyme, illuminated with broad-spectrum white fluorescent light. The extent of competitive inhibition of the in vitro photorepair of Haemophilus-DNA, resulting from the addition of mammalian DNA, has been taken as a measure of mammalian DNA lesions capable of reacting with photoreactivating enzyme. In most cases the amount of these DNA lesions was reduced if the UV-irradiated mammalian cells had been light-exposed prior to DNA extraction, indicating photoenzymatic repair of up to 90% of the lesions. DNA damage by the photoreactivating light itself was observed at varying degrees in human cells, where this effect presumably masks some of the photorepair.
The First Organically Templated Layered Cobalt Phosphates: Hydrothermal Syntheses and Crystal Structures of [H3N(CH2)3NH3]0.5[Co(PO4)]·0.5H2O and [H3N(CH2)4NH3]0.5[Co(PO4)]

Abstract The first organically templated layered cobalt phosphates have been prepared and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The layered cobalt phosphate [H3N(CH2)3NH3]0.5[Co(PO4)]·0.5H2O (1) was prepared hydrothermally at 170°C over 48 h from an aqueous solution of CoCl2·6H2O, 1,3-diaminopropane, H3PO4(85%), and H2O in the mole ratio 1:7.2:4:444. Phosphate 2, [H3N(CH2)4NH3]0.5[Co(PO4)], was prepared in an analogous fashion from a mixture of CoCl2·6H2O, 1,4-diaminobutane, H3PO4(85%), (n-C4H9)4NOH, and H2O in the mole ratio 1:4:3.5:3:444 heated at 170°C for 47 h, to give brilliant blue plates in 70% yield. Crystal data for [H3N(CH2)3NH3]0.5[Co(PO4)]·0.5H2O (1): orthorhombicCmc21,a= 22.663(3) A,b= 7.6255(8) A,c= 6.7676(7) A,V= 1174.7(6) A3,Z= 8,dcalc= 2.273 g cm−3; structure solution and refinement based on 507 reflections withI0≥ 3σ (I0) (MoKα radiation, λ = 0.71073 A) converged atR= 0.030. Crystal data for [H3N(CH2)4NH3]0.5[Co(PO4)] (2): monoclinicP21/a,a= 7.508(3) A,b= 23.655(4) A,c= 6.775(1) A, β = 90.55(2)°,V= 1203.3(5) A3,Z= 8,dcalc= 2.185 g cm−3; structure solution and refinement based on 1305 reflections withI0≥ 3σ (I0) (MoKα, λ = 0.71073 A) converged atR= 0.048. Magnetization measurements indicate that 2 orders to a weak ferromagnetic state near 25 K.
Description of a multidimensional classification system for patients with expiratory central airway collapse

Background and objective: Patients with expiratory central airway collapse present with various symptoms, aetiologies, morphologies, extent and severity of airway collapse. The aim of this study was to delineate a multidimensional classification system and common language for evaluating patients with expiratory central airway collapse. Methods: The classification system was based on the morphology and origin of the airway abnormality as well as stratification parameters such as functional status, extent and severity of airway collapse. Patients with expiratory central airway collapse who underwent clinical and bronchoscopic examination before and after treatment were identified from a bronchoscopy database. The classification was applied to the study patients before and after treatment to assess the utility of this stratification approach. Results: Eighteen patients were studied. Four had excessive dynamic airway collapse and 14 had tracheobronchomalacia. Post-treatment, functional status improved by one class in 12 patients, by two classes in four patients and remained unchanged in two. Severity of airway collapse improved in 15 and remained unchanged in three patients. The extent of abnormality diminished in 14 patients and did not change in four. Conclusions: Using this classification, the morphologies and aetiologies of expiratory central airway collapse are identified, and an objective stratification of patients according to degree of functional impairment, extent of disease and severity of airway collapse is possible.
On the local stability of nonautonomous difference equations in Rn

Abstract We prove several theorems on the local stability of an iterative process associated with a nonautonomous difference equation in R n. These results provide general conditions under which the common fixed point X ∗ of a family of operators is uniformly stable, uniformly attractive, or uniformly exponentially stable. The stability conditions are obtained by majorizing products of Jacobian matrices in a neighborhood of X ∗ . When the Frechet derivatives are equicontinuous at X ∗ , majorizations at X ∗ suffice to ensure stable behavior. Nonuniform stability conditions are discussed. Stability conditions are also investigated when the spectral radii of the Jacobian matrices at X ∗ are uniformly bounded below 1.
Aerial Observations of Hawaii's Wake

Abstract Under the influence of the east-northeasterly trade winds, the island of Hawaii generates a wake that extends about 200 km to the west-southwest. During the HaRP project in July and August 1990, five wake surveys were carried out by the NCAR Electra. The patterns of wind and aerosol concentration revealed by these flights suggest that Hawaii's wake consists of two large quasi-steady counterrotating eddies. The southern clockwise-rotating eddy carries a heavy aerosol load due to input from the Kī volcano. At the eastern end of the wake, the eddies are potentially warmer and more humid than the surrounding trade wind air. Several other features are discussed: sharp shear lines near the northern and southern tips of the island, dry and warm air bands along the shear lines, a small embedded wake behind the Kohala peninsula, wake centerline clouds, hydraulic jumps to the north and south of the island, a descending inversion connected with accelerating trade winds, and evidence for side-to-side wake mo...
Predictive Modeling for Wellness and Chronic Conditions

There is a significant increase in attention being paid to personal wellness as a preventative strategy in healthcare. At the same time, chronic diseases are the major cause of mortality, accounting for 7 out of 10 deaths in the United States. Healthcare costs involved in managing chronic diseases are also very high. So there is a need to help better maintain individual wellness, as well as better manage chronic conditions. Predictive analytics based clinical decision support systems need to be developed to help individuals and healthcare providers to better manage wellness or chronic conditions. In this paper, we investigate two different classifiers to predict the wellness outcome and the occurrence of a chronic condition (diabetes). The models were evaluated on the basis of overall accuracy, root mean squared error and Area under ROC. National CDC-NHANES data that is based on the health and nutritional status of individuals in the United States is used to develop the models.
Sterol accumulation in a mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in ergosterol production.

Summary A mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (nys-3) has been obtained which has an altered sterol pattern. The mutant displays normal growth characteristics both aerobically and anaerobically. Characterization of the sterol patterns from the mutant has shown that ergosterol is essentially replaced by a 28-carbon zymosterol-like sterol. Mutants of this type will be of value not only in studies of sterol biosynthesis, but also in assessing the role of sterols in yeast cell metabolism.
Ultrafast, high resolution, phase contrast imaging of impact response with synchrotron radiation

Understanding the dynamic response of materials at extreme conditions requires diagnostics that can provide real-time, in situ, spatially resolved measurements on the nanosecond timescale. The development of methods such as phase contrast imaging (PCI) typically used at synchrotron sources offer unique opportunities to examine dynamic material response. In this work, we report ultrafast, high-resolution, dynamic PCI measurements of shock compressed materials with 3 μm spatial resolution using a single 60 ps synchrotron X-ray bunch. These results firmly establish the use of PCI to examine dynamic phenomena at ns to μs timescales.
The structure of the Kuroshio southwest of Kyushu: velocity, transport and potential vorticity fields

Abstract A triangular CTD/ADCP survey was made across the Kuroshio southwest of Kyu shu abroad the R. V. Thompson during January 1986. Due to relatively poor navigation data, a simple averaging technique has been used to convert the ADCP data taken between CTD station pairs into an average absolute velocity normal to the station pair, with a maximum error varying from about ±5 cm s −1 to less than ±0.1 cm s −1 depending on the type of navigation data. The average ADCP velocity at 60 m (or 10 m over the shelf) was then used as the reference velocity to calculate the absolute geostrophic velocity through the sides of the study triangle. The results show that the ADCP velocity shear was in reasonably good agreement with the geostrophic shear of the Kuroshio. The Kuroshio entered the study triangle as a coherent current and then split around a tall seamount into two branches as it left the area. The volume transport of the Kuroshio southwest of Kyushu in January 1986 was 30.3 ± 2.0 Sv, and the advective temperature transport was 27.6 ± 1.8 × 10 14 W. These values are similar to those reported for the Gulf Stream in the Florida Strait, and a roughly linear correlation exists between temperature and volume transports in both regions. Mass conservation within the study triangle allowed construction of a streamfunction that showed the presence of cyclonic and anti-cyclonic mesoscale eddies to the north and northwest of the core of the Kuroshio. Potential vorticity estimated from the absolute geostrophic velocity field was conserved along streamlines on potential density surfaces except perhaps near a seamount where curvature vorticity must be considered, and the path of the Kuroshio could be traced by the core of maximum potential vorticity. Finally, the Kuroshio was potentially unstable as it flowed along the continental margin in the Okinawa Trough because the gradient of potential vorticity on potential density surfaces changed sign across the Kuroshio. This helps explain the mesoscale frontal and eddy features observed in the cyclonic side of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea.
Transcriptomic Analysis of the Effects of a Fish Oil Enriched Diet on Murine Brains

The health benefits of fish oil enriched with high omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are widely documented. Fish oil as dietary supplements, however, show moderate clinical efficacy, highlighting an immediate scope of systematic in vitro feedback. Our transcriptomic study was designed to investigate the genomic shift of murine brains fed on fish oil enriched diets. A customized fish oil enriched diet (FD) and standard lab diet (SD) were separately administered to two randomly chosen populations of C57BL/6J mice from their weaning age until late adolescence. Statistical analysis mined 1,142 genes of interest (GOI) differentially altered in the hemibrains collected from the FD- and SD-fed mice at the age of five months. The majority of identified GOI (∼40%) encodes proteins located in the plasma membrane, suggesting that fish oil primarily facilitated the membrane-oriented biofunctions. FD potentially augmented the nervous system's development and functions by selectively stimulating the Src-mediated calcium-induced growth cascade and the downstream PI3K-AKT-PKC pathways. FD reduced the amyloidal burden, attenuated oxidative stress, and assisted in somatostatin activation—the signatures of attenuation of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and affective disorder. FD induced elevation of FKBP5 and suppression of BDNF, which are often linked with the improvement of anxiety disorder, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Hence we anticipate efficacy of FD in treating illnesses such as depression that are typically triggered by the hypoactivities of dopaminergic, adrenergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic networks. Contrastingly, FD's efficacy could be compromised in treating illnesses such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, which are triggered by hyperactivities of the same set of neuromodulators. A more comprehensive investigation is recommended to elucidate the implications of fish oil on disease pathomechanisms, and the result-driven repositioning of fish oil utilization may revitalize its therapeutic efficacy.
Perspectives on international business: Insights from the 1970–1985 JIBS Decade Award Winners

This Perspective brings together the remarks written by the authors (or designates) of 16 new JIBS Decade Awards, given in 2009 to the most influential articles published in the journal for 1970 through 1985. The authors briefly discuss the core insights of their articles and assess the relevance of their work for today's scholars. A short history of the JIBS Decade Award precedes these mini-retrospectives.
Neurite outgrowth induced by the substrate associated material from nonneuronal cells.

Abstract Cultured embryonic heart cells release a powerful inducer of neurite outgrowth into the surrounding medium. The present report demonstrates that these cells also deposit material which induces neurite outgrowth directly onto their culture substratum. Thus, embryonic heart cells condition both the culture medium and the culture substratum with respect to neurite outgrowth. Conditioned substrata were prepared by incubating heart cell monolayers in EDTA until the cells released from the substratum and were discarded. When dissociated neurons from ciliary or sympathetic chain ganglia were plated in fresh medium onto a conditioned substratum, neurite outgrowth was initiated in 80–95% of the neurons within 60 min. The neurite-inducing activity is trypsin sensitive, but is not inactivated by antibodies to the cell attachment protein fibronectin, by the membrane-solubilizing detergent Triton X-100, or by the enzymes collagenase, RNase, or DNase. The factor in conditioned medium which also induces neurite outgrowth depends for its activity on attachment to an artificial polyornithine substratum, under which condition it appears to promote adhesion of neuronal filopodia to the substratum. Thus, neurite outgrowth in these two culture systems occurs only if the substratum is conditioned by the appropriate extracellular materials: conditioned either directly by the deposition of heart cell products or indirectly by the binding of a conditioned medium factor to the polyornithine substratum. These substratum-conditioning factors may be related to those components of the extracellular matrix which support neurite outgrowth in vivo.
On lattices in semi-stable representations: a proof of a conjecture of Breuil

For p≥3 an odd prime and a nonnegative integer r≤p−2, we prove a conjecture of Breuil on lattices in semi-stable representations, that is, the anti-equivalence of categories between the category of strongly divisible lattices of weight r and the category of Galois stable -lattices in semi-stable p-adic Galois representations with Hodge–Tate weights in {0,…,r}.
Cytoplasmic Intron Sequence-Retaining Transcripts Can Be Dendritically Targeted via ID Element Retrotransposons

RNA precursors give rise to mRNA after splicing of intronic sequences traditionally thought to occur in the nucleus. Here, we show that intron sequences are retained in a number of dendritically-targeted mRNAs, by using microarray and Illumina sequencing of isolated dendritic mRNA as well as in situ hybridization. Many of the retained introns contain ID elements, a class of SINE retrotransposon. A portion of these SINEs confers dendritic targeting to exogenous and endogenous transcripts showing the necessity of ID-mediated mechanisms for the targeting of different transcripts to dendrites. ID elements are capable of selectively altering the distribution of endogenous proteins, providing a link between intronic SINEs and protein function. As such, the ID element represents a common dendritic targeting element found across multiple RNAs. Retention of intronic sequence is a more general phenomenon than previously thought and plays a functional role in the biology of the neuron, partly mediated by co-opted repetitive sequences.
A method for single-session cocaine self-administration in the mouse

Drug self-administration is a powerful method to measure the reinforcing effects of a drug, as well as to investigate behavioral, biochemical, and physiological effects of a drug specific to contingent delivery. With the spectrum of genetically modified mice available, there is a need for well-designed drug self-administration studies tailored for rapid completion of studies in mice. We set out to develop a methodology in mice for obtaining high levels of cocaine self-administration during the first exposure to the drug. C57Bl/6J mice were trained to lever press for liquid reinforcer on a fixed ratio 1, then a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement before intravenous self-administration of cocaine on a PR schedule. Within a single 16-h session, each mouse self-administered either saline or 0.1, 0.3, 0.6, or 1.2 mg kg−1 infusion−1 of cocaine during four distinct 4-h subsessions. Mice showed a strong preference for cocaine vs saline, as demonstrated by higher breakpoints and greater preference for the active lever. Likewise, there was a dose-dependent increase in breakpoints obtained and in drug intake. Finally, animals receiving noncontingent cocaine pressed significantly less than mice self-administering the same dose of cocaine, indicating that a significant amount of active lever pressing is driven by drug-seeking and not the psychomotor-activating effects of cocaine alone. Mice will reach high breakpoints and cocaine intake during an initial exposure to cocaine. This method is well-suited to rapidly obtain progressive ratio cocaine self-administration in mice.
Acculturation, White Marginalization, and Family Support as Predictors of Perceived Distress in Mexican American Female College Students.

This study examined the influence of psychosociocultural variables of acculturation, White attitudinal marginalization, family support, and income on perceived distress in 247 Mexican American female college students. Participants were bicultural and attended primarily White universities in the West and Southwest. Results showed that comfort with White cultural values, perceived support from family, and financial support are related to lower perceived distress for participants. Implications for counselors addressing perceived distress in Mexican American female college students are provided.
Comparative antimicrobial susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes, L. innocua, and L. welshimeri.

The current study compared antimicrobial susceptibility of Listeria innocua, L. welshimeri, and L. monocytogenes isolated from various sources. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using a microbroth procedure with Sensititre® minimum inhibitory concentration plates containing 18 antimicrobials. Resistant isolates were analyzed for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes using PCR. The majority of L. monocytogenes isolates were resistant to oxacillin (99%, 89/90) and ceftriaxone (72%, 65/90), while few isolates were resistant to clindamycin (21%, 19/90) and ciprofloxacin (2%, 2/90). When selected sources of L. monocytogenes are compared, resistance to ceftriaxone, clindamycin, and oxacillin ranged from 27% to 86%, 7% to 43%, and 96% to 100%, respectively. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (6%, 2/34), quinupristin/dalfopristin (7%, 1/14), and tetracycline (7%, 1/15) was observed with L. monocytogenes isolated from food, animal, and environmental sources, respectively. All L. welshimeri isola...
Sales by multi‐product retailers

This paper examines the rationale underlying periodic price promotions, or sales, for perishable food products by supermarket retailers. Whereas previous studies explain sales in a single-product context as arising from informational, storage cost, or demand heterogeneity, this study focuses on the central role of retailers as multi-product sellers of complementary goods. By offering a larger number of discounted products within a particular category, retailers are able to attract a sufficient number of customers to offset the effect of lower margins on sale items by selling more high-margin items. The implications that emerge from the resulting mixed-strategy equilibrium are tested in a product-level, retail-scanner data set of fresh fruit sales. Hypotheses regarding the rationale and effectiveness of sales are tested by estimating econometric models that describe (1) the number of sales items per store, (2) the depth of a given sale, and (3) promotion effectiveness on store-level demand. The results of this econometric analysis support the hypothesis that the breadth and depth of price promotions are complementary marketing tools, thus explaining how EDLP and HI-LO store formats can exist in the same monopolistically competitive market equilibrium. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response of Physical and Chemical Parameters to Eliminating Thermal Stratification in a Reservoir

The effects of maintaining a 19 ha Colorado montane reservoir in a thermally destratified condition for one year were evaluated. Water temperatures were kept nearly vertically agd horizontally isothermal throughout the year. The weighted mean temperature of the lake was 1-4°C colder in winter and 1-2°C warmer in summer than normal. Deep water in summer was up to 6°C warmer than typical hypolimnion temperatures, but summer surface temperature was unaltered. Without destratification dissolved oxygen depletion develops in summer and winter, but by eliminating stratification, oxygen was kept near saturation throughout the year. Alkalinity, pH, conductivity, and total residue were not significantly affected. Seston decreased which was probably due to declines in planktonic diatom populations. Increases in iron and manganese did not occur in deep water during destratification. Calcium concentrations increased slightly. Magnesium and most anions (chloride, nitrate-N, and silica) were not greatly altered, but sulfate concentration was reduced. Artificial destratification, as a reservoir management tool, will be very useful in altering chemical problems; particularly increasing oxygen and decreasing iron and manganese concentrations.
Fast placement approaches for FPGAs

Recent trends in FPGA development indicate a strong shift toward design reuse through the use of intellectual property (IP). This design shift has motivated the development of Frontier, a timing-driven FPGA placement system that uses design macroblocks in conjunction with a series of placement algorithms to achieve highly routable and high-performance layouts quickly. In the first stage of design placement, a macro-based floorplanner is used to quickly identify an initial layout based on intermacro connectivity. Next, FPGA routability and performance metrics are used to evaluate the quality of the initial placement. Finally, if the floorplan is determined to be insufficient from a routability or performance standpoint, a feedback-driven placement perturbation step is employed to achieve a lower cost placement. For a collection of large reconfigurable computing benchmark circuits our timing-driven placement system exhibits a 2.6× speedup in combined place and route time versus commercial FPGA CAD software with improved design performance for most designs. It is shown that floorplanning, placement evaluation, and backend optimization are all necessary to achieve high-performance placement solutions.
The Effects of Radioiodination and Fluorescent Labelling on Albumin

Abstract The preparation and characterization of flours carmine -, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) -, and radioiodine-labelled bovine serum albumin is critically evaluated. Electrophoretic mobility and ion-exchange chromatography, together with measures of degree of conjugation and sulfhydryl content, are used to assess the changes due to conjugation. Fluorescamine labelling results in drastic changes in chromatographic behavior and electrophoretic mobility. FITC labelling also results in significant changes in chromatographic and electrophoretic properties. Radio-iodination leads tominor changes in chromatographic properties and oxidation of sulfhydryl groups, with little or no change in electrophoretic properties. All three labels have some degree of liability and show increased levels of free label with time, even after extensive initial purification. It is concluded that the two fluorescent labels and possibly the radioiodine labeling method used here are unsuitable for certain studies of BSA, such ...
Ethical Ideologies of Future Marketers: The Relative Influences of Machiavelliamsm and Gender:

This study analyzes the relative influences of Machiavellianism and gender on the two basic dimensions of marketing students' moral philosophies, idealism and relativism. Results from a mail survey...
Radiations from short-lived rare gas fission products

The energies of the primary gamma rays emitted in the decay of 3.2 min Kr/sup 89/, 33 sec Kr/sup 90/, 1.2 min Rb/sup 91m/, 41 sec Xe/sup 139 and 66 sec Cs/sup 140/ were determined and relative gamma -ray intensities measured. Photon per disintegration values were estimated for Kr/sup 89/, Kr/sup 90/, Xe/ sup 139/, and for 9.5 min Cs/sup 139/. BETA -ray energy endpoints were measured for Kr/sup 89/, Kr/sup 90/, Xe/sup 139/ , and Cs/sup 139/, and lower limits established for the decay energies of these nuclides. A simple and rapid gas chromatographic separation which was developed for these studies is described. (auth)
Disorders of Sodium and Water Balance

Dysnatremias occur simultaneously with disorders in water balance. The first priority is to correct dehydration; once the patient is euvolemic, the sodium level can be reassessed. In unstable patients with hyponatremia, the clinician should rapidly administer hypertonic saline. In unstable patients with hypernatremia, the clinician should administer isotonic intravenous fluid. In stable patients with either hyponatremia or hypernatremia, the clinician should aim for correction over 24 to 48 hours, with the maximal change in serum sodium between 8 to 12 mEq/L over the first 24 hours. This rate of correction decreases the chances of cerebral edema or osmotic demyelination syndrome.
Tumor necrosis factor-like cytotoxicity and anorexia in Ascaris suum infected pigs.

Abstract Tumor Necrosis Factor-Like Cytotoxicity (TNF-LC) was examined in sera from 12 pigs experimentally infected with Ascaris suum. The difference of TNF-LC levels between eight infected and four uninfected controls was not significant. When an endotoxin challenge was intravenously administered 1 month after the first dose of A. suum, the levels of TNF-LC in the sera of infected pigs were one-third that of the controls 125 min post-challenge (PC). In a more detailed study on four infected and two uninfected control pigs, TNF-LC was monitored every 10–15 min until 125 min after endotoxin challenge. The TNF-LC levels in these pigs increased at 40 min PC, reached maximum in another 10–25 min and then decreased. This pattern was seen in all except one infected pig. The infected pigs showed milder shock symptoms and their serum TNF-LC levels returned to pre-challenge levels 30 min earlier than controls.
Basic Concepts in Pharmacodynamic Modeling

Differents modeles pharmacodynamiques: modeles lineaires, lineaire-logarithmique, E max , E max sigmoide; application a un stimulant et selection d'un modele
TAX‐PRICE REFORM WITH DIRECTLY UNPRODUCTIVE PROFIT‐SEEKING (DUP) ACTIVITIES*

This paper explores the extent to which insights available from existing writings on directly unproductive profit-seeking (DUP) activities in international trade modify rules of tax and tariff reform in normative public economics and examines in what way these should affect advice on tax policy usually given to developing countries. The analysis proceeds by developing two models. The first incorporates revenue seeking directly into a standard open economy public finance model and examines whether analysis of policy reform and economic costs of distortionary tariffs must be modified. The second includes a political component in the form of lobbying for subsidies – the expenditure side of the budget – as well as a normative economic component that raises taxes – the revenue side – to finance the social costs of such lobbying. The model can be used to determine the effects of politically determined expenditures on tax setting. The analysis shows that the grammar of welfare-theoretic arguments that underlies the reform and design of tax and tariff structures is robust to the inclusion of DUP activities of the type considered here. In particular, the latter lend no presumption in favor of uniformity in tax and tariff structures. It is argued that existing policy advice on tax and tariff reform derived from models where DUP activities have traditionally played no role continues to be appropriate when account is taken of formal treatments of DUP-type phenomena extant in the current literature.
Immediate versus delayed visual memory task performance among schizophrenic patients and normal control subjects

In an exploratory study, 10 schizophrenic patients and 10 normal control subjects performed immediate and delayed memory tasks, which were variants of previously developed continuous performance tests. Both tasks required participants to identify five-digit numbers which were repeated. Numbers were presented in series for 500 ms each and separated by a 500-ms time-out period. In the immediate memory task, subjects were to respond if a number was identical to the one that had immediately preceded it. The delayed memory task differed from the first task in that a longer delay (3.5 s) between stimuli was introduced, and during this delay distracter stimuli appeared. While normal control subjects performed accurately on both tasks (exceeding 80% correct detections), schizophrenic patients performed poorly, performing worse on the delayed memory task than on the immediate memory task. Rates of commission errors (responses made to similar, but not identical numbers) were nearly equal between groups on the immediate memory task, but on the delayed memory task normal control subjects made relatively more commission errors while schizophrenic patients made fewer commission errors. No differences in response latencies were observed between subject groups or tasks. This paradigm may prove useful in discriminating subtle differences in immediate and delayed memory capability among psychiatric populations and normal control subjects.
Management of Patients with Low-Grade Gliomas

The accurate diagnosis and management of patients who have infiltrating low-grade gliomas is increasing in importance. Recent advances in molecular characterization, imaging, and treatment of these tumors underscore this current focus of investigations.
Quantification of Cloud Microphysical Parameterization Uncertainty using Radar Reflectivity

AbstractUncertainty in cloud microphysical parameterization—a leading order contribution to numerical weather prediction error—is estimated using a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. An inversion is performed on 10 microphysical parameters using radar reflectivity observations with vertically covarying error as the likelihood constraint. An idealized 1D atmospheric column model with prescribed forcing is used to simulate the microphysical behavior of a midlatitude squall line. Novel diagnostics are employed for the probabilistic investigation of individual microphysical process behavior vis-a-vis parameter uncertainty. Uncertainty in the microphysical parameterization is presented via posterior probability density functions (PDFs) of parameters, observations, and microphysical processes. The results of this study show that radar reflectivity observations, as expected, provide a much stronger constraint on microphysical parameters than column-integral observations, in most cases reducing both the v...
The making of `American': race and nation in neurasthenic discourse

This paper considers the underexamined racial and nationalistic components of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-centur y neurasthenic discourse to propose that neurasthenia was as much a discour...
Producing educational materials in local languages: costs from Guatemala and Senegal

This paper examines production costs of local language materials, budgetary implications of such programs and cost saving strategies that have and can be usefully employed in Guatemala and Senegal. Information from Guatemala indicates that investments in bilingual education programs are time-intensive but not prohibitive. The Senegal case study estimates the impact on the unit cost of local language materials if production is expanded to include all potential students in two neighboring countries, Senegal and The Gambia, which share a common local language. Results indicate that inter-country cooperation is beneficial, especially when factoring in demand constraints in any single country.
Restoration of the Hip Center During THA Performed for Protrusio Acetabuli Is Associated With Better Implant Survival

Background Acetabular protrusio is an uncommon finding in hip arthritis. Several reconstructive approaches have been used; however the best approach remains undefined.
An experimental study of 3He elastic, inelastic and charge-exchange scattering from 6Li

Abstract A target of 6 Li was bombarded with the 3 He beam from the University of Illinois cyclotron. Differential cross sections for the elastic scattering, the inelastic scattering to the first two excited states of 6 Li, and the ( 3 He, t) charge-exchange reaction to the ground state of 6 Be were determined over angular ranges of approximately 20° to 115° (c.m.) at 3 He energies of 24.6 MeV and 27.0 MeV. (The weak inelastic transition to the 3.56 MeV state of 6 Li, ordinarily obscured by a background of three-body break-up, was observed by requiring a coincidence at most angles between the scattered 3 He and the 6 Li recoil.) The ratio of the integrated charge-exchange cross section between 55° and 115° to the integrated inelastic cross section for this transition (both with ΔT = 1) is somewhat less than expected from isospin considerations (i.e., about 1.6 instead of 2.0).
A new method to discriminate between enzyme-kinetic models

Abstract A novel statistical procedure [S. Zwanzig, Math. Opsforsch. Statist. Ser. Statist. 11 , 23–47 (1980)] is applied to discriminate between kinetic models of enzyme reactions. Two examples are elucidated on the basis of numerically simulated data: 1. (a) Discrimination between a Michaelis-Menten-model and a Hill-equation 2. (b) Discrimination between competitive and noncompetitive inhibition of a two-substrate reaction. Next the proposed method is applied to assess a kinetic model of the allosteric enzyme phosphofructokinase from the malarial parasite Plasmodium berghei . It is demonstrated that the novel procedure allows a more sensitive discrimination as it is obtained with alternative statistical tests.
Hyperbaric oxygen as a chemotherapy adjuvant in the treatment of metastatic lung tumors in a rat model

Abstract Objectives: The objectives of the study were to test the hypothesis that hyperbaric levels of oxygen enhance the sensitivity of a sarcoma cell line to doxorubicin (Adriamycin) both in vitro and in vivo in a rat model of pulmonary metastases and to test the feasibility of arterialization of mixed venous blood by direct injection of aqueous oxygen into the pulmonary artery in a rat model. Methods: Rat sarcoma (MCA-2) cells were incubated in the presence of increasing concentrations of doxorubicin (0.1-2.0 μmol/L). A dose-dependent toxicity relationship at 12 hours of treatment was examined with and without pretreatment with hyperbaric oxygen (3.7 atm absolute for 1.5-3.5 hours). In vivo, Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24) were injected intravenously with 10 6 MCA-2 cells, and the lung tumors were allowed to mature for 14 days. At that time the animals were divided into four groups: control (no treatment), doxorubicin at 2 mg/kg, hyperbaric oxygen (oxygen at 2 atm absolute for 30 minutes), and hyperbaric oxygen plus doxorubicin. Seven days after treatment, the numbers of lung nodules were counted and the lung weights were determined. In additional rats (n = 7), aqueous oxygen (1 mL oxygen/g saline solution) was infused into the pulmonary artery to determine whether arterialization of mixed venous blood was comparable to pulmonary artery oxygenation with a hyperbaric chamber (n = 7). Results: Hyperbaric oxygen plus doxorubicin produced significantly greater cytolysis of MCA-2 cells ( P P P 100 mm Hg) with aqueous oxygen infusion was demonstrated. Conclusions: Hyperbaric oxygen enhanced the chemotherapeutic effect of doxorubicin both in cell culture and in the rat model. Aqueous oxygen infusion can be used to oxygenate mixed venous blood at levels similar to those obtained with the use of a hyperbaric chamber. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;125:85-95
Issues With the New Developmental Screening and Surveillance Policy Statement

To the Editor .— The American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Children With Disabilities deserves much commendation for its revised statement on early detection of developmental problems.1 The focus on surveillance enables providers to consider factors that are known to promote or deter children's development such as family well-being, dimensions of psychosocial risk, and resilience. Addressing these factors may help prevent many problems from developing. The council wisely noted that occasional administration of validated screening tests is also essential for making careful decisions about the needs of children and families. Nevertheless, the new policy failed to embrace—indeed, it scarcely mentioned—the need for validated screening with children older than 30 months. Given that developmental problems surface throughout the preschool, elementary, and adolescent years, surely the council did not mean to suggest that 30 months was a proscribed limit on the use of accurate screening tools. The woefully low detection rates of children with disabilities on the part of primary care providers (∼30%)2 speaks …
Investigation of a drum explosion of 30% aqueous KOCN

Abstract A 30% aqueous solution of KOCN placed in a 55 gallon HDPE drum at 50 °C began venting gas almost immediately. Although a vent was kept open the drum exploded within 1–2 h of being filled. This report reviews the steps taken after the accident to find its cause and to recommend safe operating conditions. The DIERS vent sizing package (VSP), used as a closed system adiabatic reactor, was able to simulate the incident under controlled laboratory conditions. Data were thereby collected for the first time on the runaway kinetics of the KOCN hydrolysis. Isothermal data were obtained in a highly sensitive microwatt heat flow calorimeter in an open system. It was demonstrated that even under isothermal conditions, the hydrolysis rates accelerated once underway, reaching maxima in 30 h at 25 °C and 6.7 h at 40 °C. There is satisfactory agreement of these results with other work on 0.5% KOCN solutions reported in earlier studies.
On the localness of the spectral energy transfer in turbulence

Data for the energy transfer function are used to estimate the degree of localness of energy transfer in homogeneous turbulence. It is found that in regions where the energy which enters a wavenumber band is greater than the energy leaving, much of the energy entering the band is produced by wavenumbers an order of magnitude smaller. Thus for both low and high Reynolds numbers, spectral energy transfer is nonlocal. The tendency of the energy to jump between separated wavenumber regions agrees with the theory that turbulence forms concentrated regions of large velocity gradients. It is also felt that the universal equilibrium theory may be applicable if the Reynolds number of the turbulence is very high.
System Identification of Learning Disabled Children: Implications for Research Sampling.

System identification of learning disabled (LD) children is discussed in terms of its effect on sampling for research purposes. The identification process that takes place in most schools involves ...