cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of productivity growth in Indian dairy products manufacturing industry

The study assesses the total factor productivity of dairy products manufacturing industry of the year 2009–13 using stochastic frontier production approach. The study concludes that the change in total value of output of industry is due to adoption of efficient and best practices by processors. The TFP growth of dairy industry is 4.3% mainly driven by technical change over time. Temporarily, the dairy industry is moving towards overcoming the constraints in TFP growth. There is more need to augment capital which is energy efficient and accordingly capacity building of emerging skill sets in the industry.
Outcomes of Minnesota Detoxification Scale (MINDS) Assessment with High-Dose Front Loading Diazepam Treatment for Alcohol Withdrawal in Hospitalized Patients.

BACKGROUND Benzodiazepines are the gold standard for alcohol withdrawal treatment but choice and dosing vary widely. In 2015, our institution implemented a Minnesota detoxification scale (MINDS) and single standardized high-dose diazepam based protocol for treatment of alcohol withdrawal to replace multiple Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA) based protocols using lower dose benzodiazepines. OBJECTIVE We compared use of MINDS versus CIWA assessment protocols with high front loading diazepam treatment in care of patient experiencing alcohol withdrawal during hospitalization. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients experiencing alcohol withdrawal to statistically analyze difference in outcomes between CIWA based lower benzodiazepine dose protocols used in 2013-2015 versus the MINDS based high-dose front-loading diazepam protocol used in 2015-2017. RESULTS Patients treated with MINDS based high dose diazepam protocol were less likely to have physical restraints used (AOR = 0.8, CI: 0.70 - 0.92), had a shorter hospital length of stay, and fewer days on benzodiazepines (p < 0.001). Patients were more likely to be readmitted to the hospital within 30 days (AOR = 1.13, CI: 1.03 - 1.26) in MINDS based diazepam treatment group. Total diazepam equivalent dosing was similar in both groups. Mortality rates and ICU use rates were similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Higher dose front loading long acting benzodiazepine can be safely used with beneficial outcomes in hospitalized alcohol withdrawal patients.
Hyperbaric oxygen for patients with above-knee amputations, persistent ischemia, and nonreconstructable vascular disease

We describe four patients with above-knee amputations whose stump wounds failed to heal. After numerous revascularization attempts, these patients were diagnosed with nonreconstructable pelvic and groin vascular disease and were facing hip disarticulation. With the addition of hyperbaric oxygen treatment to vigilant wound care and negative pressure therapy, these patients healed their amputation stumps and were fit with prostheses. At their most recent follow-up, all patients were ambulating and using their prostheses.
Study of Scintillating Fibers for a High Resolution Time of Flight System at the SSC

We are studying properties of plastic scintillating fibers with the aim of constructing a Time of Flight system with very good time resolution (50 psec) and with high spatial segmentation. Such a system could be valuable at the SSC for two applications: 1) as a component of a first level trigger allowing the fast computation of the number of charged tracks and 2) for separating multiple events from the same bunch crossing. It would also be a valuable device for particle identification at a B-meson factory. The status of the project is being presented. Good time resolution requires a short decay time and a high light yield for the scintillator. We have measured the decay times for different samples of scintillating fibers. Photodetectors with small transit time spread, e.g. fast photomultiplier tubes or microchannel plates, will be needed.
A biomechanical study of 150/spl deg/ vs. 135/spl deg/ hip screws in femoral neck fractures

Femoral neck fractures have been difficult to treat with nonunion and avascular necrosis reported in 10% to 40% of cases. The hypothesis tested here was to determine whether a femoral neck fracture fixed with a 150/spl deg/ screw is more stable than that fixed with a 135/spl deg/ screw. The objectives were to measure axial stiffness, torsional stiffness, and failure strength of femoral neck fractures (Pauwels III). Also, CT derived bone mineral density (BMD in units of K/sub 2/KPO/sub 4/ mg/cc equivalent) was measured. The following results were obtained: 1) The 150/spl deg/ hip screw demonstrated greater axial stiffness, as well as a preferred mode of failure (impaction at the fracture site). This is less likely to lead to nonunion or avascular necrosis than is the shearing action at the fracture site with the 135/spl deg/ hip screw. 2) The 135/spl deg/ hip screw demonstrated greater resistance to rotation. 3) CT derived BMD did not correlate with either axial or torsional stiffness of intact or fixed bones.
What do we know about medication errors made via a CPOE system versus those made via handwritten orders

This commentary on the article by Shulman et al. examines what we understand by 'medication errors', what we mean by 'computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems', how we measure errors, and what types of errors we are 'reducing' with CPOE systems. As the research of Shulman and colleagues highlights, much of the existing research on CPOE systems does not differentiate among: types of medication errors; consequential versus inconsequential medication errors; CPOE systems that include/exclude formal decision support packages; and the extent to which decision support information is implicitly presented to physicians via the CPOE system, for example, pull down menus with dosages. I discuss these issues and their implications for the evaluation of CPOE systems and of other emerging healthcare technologies.
Sequence of Bovine Liver Glutamate Dehydrogenase VIII. PEPTIDES PRODUCED BY SPECIFIC CHEMICAL CLEAVAGES; THE COMPLETE SEQUENCE OF THE PROTEIN

Abstract The present paper presents the complete sequence of the 500-residue polypeptide chain of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase. The two missing overlapping peptides were obtained by cleavage of a mixture of large cyanogen bromide peptides. In one case cleavage at a unique Asn-Gly bond was accomplished with hydroxylamine. In the second case the bromine adduct of 2-(2-nitrophenylsulfenyl)-3-methylindole was used to produce scission at the COOH group of a tryptophanyl residue. Other studies have resulted in completion of additional parts of the sequence and some correction of an earlier tentative sequence.
Structural analysis of continuous contracts in technological trade using numerical simulation

The governmental statistics covering technological trade give a rough outline of each country's activities in this field. The contents of continuous contracts, however, are not known from these statistics. I formulated a new method to estimate each year's contribution arising from continuous contracts and implemented a conjecture using this new method. Successful simulation of the data was achieved and the validity of this new method was demonstrated. I made clear that the characteristics of Japanese technological trade changed on these two decades through an analysis of the simulation models. Further developments along the lines of this new approach and analysis will be useful in order to reveal the characteristics of each industry and each country in technological trade.
FIRST-YEAR STUDENT PERSPECTIVES ON DIVERSITY IN THE ENGINEERING DESIGN CLASSROOM

This paper investigates first-year engineering student assumptions about diversity in the classroom. Based on two qualitative surveys, administered at the start and end of term, a team of professors at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts ask questions that elicit responses about what students assume their first year engineering classroom is like. The data from this study is categorized into student/student and student/instructor interfaces, with a more general set of findings that are applicable holistically to engineering education. This study suggests that students are moving from a “what engineering looks like” perception to a more “what engineering qualities and characteristics help the world” perception. The results of this exploratory study can help instructors get a better understanding of their students, to help enhance diversity in the classroom
Fast run-length-based algorithm for one-dimensional flat opening

A computationally efficient algorithm for computing openings by 1D flat structuring elements is proposed. The algorithm utilizes the run-length encoded image and allows implementation of the opening of a gray-scale image by a sequence of arbitrarily sized flat structuring elements. The new algorithm compares favorably to existing methods for recursive implementation of a sequence of openings, and its computation time decreases with the size of the structuring element.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The capacity region of multiple input erasure broadcast channels

In this paper, we look at the capacity region of a special class of broadcast channels with multiple inputs at the transmitter and a number of receivers. The channel between an input of the transmitter and a receiver is modelled as an independent memoryless erasure channel. We assume that the signals coming from different inputs to the receiver do not interfere with each other. Also for each input, the transmitter sends the same signal through the channels outgoing from that input. This class of broadcast channels does not necessarily belong to the class of "more capable". We show that the capacity region of these broadcast channels is achieved by time-sharing between the receivers at each input. Finally, the implications of these results to the more general network setup are discussed
Remapping the Topography of Couples’ Daily Interactions: Electronic Messages

This study extends a portion of Alberts, Yoshimura, Rabby, and Loschiavo's (2005) research on romantic couples’ mundane relational maintenance communication behavior by examining the daily electronic messages (N = 902) sent and received by romantic couples (N = 15). Specifically, this study examined the frequency with which couples used the types of maintenance communication behaviors previously identified by Alberts et al. in their daily electronic communication with one another. Our results provide evidence to support Alberts et al.'s typology of relational maintenance behaviors in an electronic context and show that although couples are using new technologies to communicate, much of the content of their communication is similar to that found in the previous relational maintenance literature.
Measurement and analysis of particle impact damping

Particle Impact Damping (PID) is a means for achieving high structural damping by the use of a particle-filled enclosure attached to the structure in a region of high displacements. The particles absorb kinetic energy of the structure and convert it into heat through inelastic collisions between the particles and the enclosure, and amongst the particles. PID is measured for a cantilevered aluminum beam with the damping enclosure attached to its free end; lead particles are used in this study. The effect of acceleration amplitude and clearance inside the enclosure on PID is studied. PID is found to be highly nonlinear. The maximum Specific Damping Capacity (SDC) is about 50%, which is more than one order of magnitude higher than the intrinsic material damping of a majority of structural metals [O(1%)]. Driven by the experimental observations, an elementary analytical model of PID is constructed. A satisfactory comparison between the theory and the experiment is observed. An encouraging result is that in spite of its simplicity, the model captures the essential physics of particle impact damping.
Development of a Manganese Speciation Method for Atmospheric Aerosols in Biologically and Environmentally Relevant Fluids

Because the health effects of manganese are dependent its oxidation-state, we have improved upon oxidation-state resolved methods to quantify soluble manganese in atmospheric aerosols. Two spectrophotometric methods were adapted for measurements in atmospheric aerosols in order to measure total soluble manganese (Mn sol ) and soluble oxidized manganese [Mn(III) and Mn(IV), Mn ox ]. Using the formaldoxime method, we noted a detection limit two orders of magnitude better than past studies using trace-metal clean techniques and a 1 meter path-length spectrophotometric cell. Extractions of co-located aerosol samples were performed in four environmentally or biologically relevant extract solutions and processed for soluble manganese analysis. The quantity of manganese extracted was a strong function of the fluid, and the greatest amount of manganese was extracted in the rain-water surrogate (acetate buffered solution). Mn sol in East St. Louis, IL, USA (6–20% of the total manganese) was less than the Mn sol in...
(En)gendering responsibility: a critical news analysis of Argentina's education reform, 2001–2002

Education reform continues around the globe, though questioned and critiqued in relation to goals of democratizing educational decision-making. Newspapers are one site of contestation and negotiation where struggles over global reform discourses are contextualized in ‘obvious’ and ‘natural’ local language. In this article, I argue that gender discourses are a powerful heuristic employed to push particular education agendas and particularly gendered ones that do not necessarily reflect education reform goals for democratizing educational decision-making or improving equity. I analyzed Argentina's education reform in two national newspapers from 1 November 2001 to 1 November 2002 to reveal the role of gender in reform mediation at the national level. The findings and their interpretation illustrated how educational institutions and actors were situated in a gendered hierarchy with responsibilities and authority. Evoking masculine and feminine roles, representations, and identities in everyday ‘natural’ lang...
Hydrogenation via photochemically generated diimide

Abstract Diimide is a well-known reagent for hydrogenating multiple bonds with very high stereospecificity. However, all of the methods for generating diimide require somewhat rigorous conditions. We show here that 1-thia-3,4-diazolidine-2,5-dione (TDADH) can be used to photochemically produce diimide at room temperature under neutral conditions. The diimide thus produced can hydrogenate multiple bonds in high yields.
Feasibility of extension of platinum-free interval with weekly bolus topotecan and subsequent platinum retreatment outcomes in recurrent ovarian cancer

The goal of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and response in a cohort of patients with presumed platinum-sensitive disease who were subsequently retreated with platinum after receiving weekly bolus topotecan at the time of initial recurrence. A retrospective review of our institutional databases identified a cohort of platinum-sensitive women with recurrent ovarian and peritoneal carcinoma. Antitumor responses and toxicities were assessed for patients retreated with platinum-based chemotherapy following weekly bolus topotecan (4 mg/m2). Twenty-six patients (median age 63 years, range 45–80 years) were identified. Advanced stage (III/IV) ovarian carcinoma was most common (96%). Residual disease after primary cytoreductive surgery was less than 1 cm in 65% of the cohort. Platinum retreatment was well tolerated. Grade 3 neutropenia occurred most commonly (8%) without any episodes of grade 4 myelotoxicity. Fatigue (12%) and hypersensitivity reaction (15%) were the most common non-hematologic toxicities during platinum retreatment. Of the 26 patients, 5 (19%) had a complete response, 5 (19%) had a partial response, 10 (39%) had stable disease, and 6 (23%) had progressive disease. Thirty-nine percent of patients with stable or progressive disease during weekly bolus topotecan responded to subsequent platinum retreatment. Response to platinum retreatment, treatment-free interval, and platinum-free interval was significant prognosticators for survival (P < 0.05). The results of this retrospective analysis suggest that weekly bolus topotecan, as intervening non-platinum, may result in acceptable toxicities and response rates during platinum retreatment in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian or peritoneal carcinoma.
Comparative effects of aging on pharyngeal and diaphragm muscles

Abstract We hypothesized that aging is associated with alterations in pharyngeal muscle structural and contractile properties. Sternohyoid and geniohyoid muscles from young (3–4 months) and old (20–21 months) Fischer 344 rats were compared with diaphragm muscle. The pharyngeal muscles had significantly lower proportions of slow oxidative (SO) fibers compared to the diaphragm, and the percentage of fast glycolytic (FG) fibers was significantly higher in the sternohyoid than in both the geniohyoid and the diaphragm. With senescence, there was a small but significant increase in the proportion of FG fibers and a corresponding reduction in the proportion of fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG) fibers in all three muscles. The sternohyoid muscle had significantly faster isometric contractile kinetics and lower fatigue indexes than the diaphragm. Aging was associated with significant worsening of sternohyoid endurance, but no significant alterations in sternohyoid twitch kinetics or diaphragm properties. These results indicate that in rats the pharyngeal dilator muscles have larger proportions of fast fibers, fast contractile kinetics and worse endurance than the diaphragm. Furthermore, aging was associated with a shift to a higher proportion of FG fibers with a concomitant reduction in proportion of FOG fibers, as well as a decline in pharyngeal muscle endurance.
Que bom te ver viva: vozes femininas reivindicando uma outra história

The right to determine the meaning of the military dictatorship in Brazil has been a constant dispute between members of the militant left and the military regime. The language used by the two groups constantly revolves around the mythic images of “heroes”, “victims”, “for the good of the people”. This essay focuses on Que bom te ver viva, by Lucia Murat, who brings a new perspective to this debate. Taking as a point of departure the testimony of eight ex-political prisoners, the film attempts to answer the question: How did we survive?” The essay discusses how the movie builds frames of memory that go beyond those taken as representative.
Optimal Selection of Weighting Matrices in Integrated Design of Structures/Controls

A methodology is developed for the optimal selection of state and input weighting matrices, Q and R, respectively, of the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method in the integrated design of structures/controls. An optimal control problem is set up in such a way that design variables are the diagonal entries of Q and R; the objective function is the trace of the solution matrix to the algebraic Riccati equation of the LQR method, P matrix; and constraints are imposed on the closed-loop eigenvalues to satisfy minimum stability conditions for the control system. The procedure finds the optimal diagonal Q and I? that enables the actively controlled system to meet the prespecified stability and performance bounds. Furthermore, the resulting Q and R yield the minimum possible performance index and hence the control effort is substantially reduced. The proposed method is integrated with a substructure decomposition scheme which results in substantial savings on the numerical computations with very little loss in the accuracy of the original system response. It is found that for trusslike space structures, the proposed optimization scheme is mostly affected by the changes in the diagonal terms of R and the changes in the velocity diagonal terms of Q of the controlled system. The method is expected to be very useful for large-scale systems and is illustrated with the help of two example problems.
Vector meson mass corrections at O(a2) in PQChPT with Wilson and Ginsparg–Wilson quarks

Abstract We derive the mixed as well as unmixed lattice heavy meson chiral Lagrangian up to order O ( a 2 ) , with Wilson and Ginsparg–Wilson fermions. We consider two flavor partially quenched QCD and calculate vector meson mass corrections up to order O ( a 2 ) , including the corrections associated with the violation of rotational O ( 4 ) symmetry down to the hypercubic group. Our calculations also include the one-loop, phenomenological contribution from the ρ → π π decay channel. The final result is a chiral-continuum extrapolation formula with model dependent coefficients from which one can recover the physical ρ meson mass from the large amount of current lattice data. As a verification of our result, the chiral-continuum extrapolation formula is compared with that used in numerical simulations.
An Idiographic Approach to The Study Of Women's Achievement Striving:

Biographical interviews with 80 women ranging in age from the late teens to the 80s (Mean Age = 46.8 years; SD = 7.8 years) elicited information concerning personality characteristics that predispose women toward achievement-striving behavior, taking into account the effects of family, friends, and role models. When asked if they had ever been in a situation where they were about to succeed and feared the success, the majority of women (91%) replied “no.” A large percentage of women (96%) did report that they wonder if their achievements are worth it and asked “success at what cost?” In addition, compared to older women, younger women were more concerned with interpersonal relationships and less concerned with competitive achievement. The reality status of the fear of success construct as well as methodological advances in its measurement are discussed.
Mechanism of action of mineral oil adjuvants. I. Conditions influencing the in vitro stability of water-in-oil emulsions

Abstract An experimental model has been developed in which the stability of water-in-oil emulsions in simple environments of known constitution could be studied. A decrease in emulsion stability was effected by decreasing the pH of the emulsion environment with the ionic strength constant, increasing the ionic strength of the environment with the pH constant, or increasing the temperature of the environment with the pH and ionic strength constant. The concentration of protein in the emulsion environment at a given pH was not found to alter the stability of the emulsions. Parallels between in vitro influences upon stability and those produced by an inflammatory response at an emulsion repository site are discussed.
Pair production of W and Z bosons and the goldstone boson equivalence theorem

W and Z boson pairs are the signals of the production of many types of new, heavy particles, e.g., heavy Higgs bosons, new Z′ bosons, heavy quark and lepton pairs, and heavy gaugino pairs. I show that the W and Z bosons which result from the decay of these heavy particles are predominantly longitudinally polarized, while those produced from background processes are primarily transversely polarized. I study W and Z boson pair production from quark-antiquark annihilation and present compact formulae for the cross sections to produce vector bosons of definite polarization. I also discuss W and Z boson pair production from gluon fusion via a virtual quark loop. Use is made throughout of the equivalence theorem, which relates the properties of longitudinally polarized vector bosons to the corresponding Goldstone bosons which are absorbed via the Higgs mechanism. I also discuss some subtleties related to the equivalence theorem which have not been previously addressed.
CYTOKINETICS OF TUMOUR AND ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND VASCULARIZATION OF LUNG METASTASES IN C3H/HE MICE

A model of lung metastases was developed using intravenous injection of tumour cell aggregates of spontaneous C3H/He mammary tumours in syngeneic mice. the growth rate of lung tumours decreased with increasing tumour volume, with mean host survival of 46 days. the cytokinetics of individual tumours ranging between 0.004 and 4.2 mm3 in volume were studied. the labelling index (LI) ranged between 12 and 17%, the DNA synthesis time (Ts) being 9–10 hr. the growth fraction (GF) ranged between 26 and 38%. the cell cycle time (Tc) was found to be 18–19 hr. the LI and the GF decreased with increasing tumour volume doubling time (Td). No correlation was found between the tumour volume and Tc. the LI of endothelial cells within these tumours, ranging between 0.004 and 4.2 mm3 in volume was 14–15% and endothelial cell proliferation was not affected by tumour growth. Vascular parameters were also determined for these tumours as a function of tumour volume. Vascular volume increased with increasing tumour size while the percentage of capillary vessels decreased. the cellular volume to capillary volume ratio increased with increasing tumour volume. Necrosis was observed in 0.27 mm3 tumours and increased with increasing tumour size. The results from these studies suggested that the age-dependent decrease in proliferative activity of tumour cells growing in the lung is related to change in effective vascularity.
College Students: Mental Health Problems and Treatment Considerations

Attending college can be a stressful time for many students. In addition to coping with academic pressure, some students have to deal with the stressful tasks of separation and individuation from their family of origin while some may have to attend to numerous work and family responsibilities. In this context, many college students experience the first onset of mental health and substance use problems or an exacerbation of their symptoms. Given the uniqueness of college students, there is a need to outline critical issues to consider when working with this population. In this commentary, first, the prevalence of psychiatric and substance use problems in college students and the significance of assessing age of onset of current psychopathology are described. Then, the concerning persistent nature of mental health problems among college students and its implications are summarized. Finally, important aspects of treatment to consider when treating college students with mental health problems are outlined, such as the importance of including parents in the treatment, communicating with other providers, and employing of technology to increase adherence. It is concluded that, by becoming familiar with the unique problems characteristic of the developmental stage and environment college students are in, practitioners will be able to better serve them.
EFFECTS OF HIGH PRESSURE ON PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION CENTERS FROM RHODOPSEUDOMONAS SPHEROIDES

— Photochemical reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides were subjected to pressures ranging from 1 to 6000 atm. Optical absorption, fluorescence and photochemical activities were studied under these conditions. Absorption spectra showed bathychromic shifts of the long-wave bands attributed to bacteriopheophytin and bacteriochlorophyll (the latter as P800 and P870). The quantum efficiency of photochemical oxidation of P870 was diminished at high pressure. The quantum yield of P870 fluorescence showed a parallel decline, as if high pressure introduced a quenching process that competed with both photochemistry and fluorescence. The original efficiencies were largely restored when the pressure was returned to 1 atm. The efficiency of oxidation of mammalian cytochrome c, coupled to the photochemical oxidation of P870 in reaction centers, was lowered by high pressure. This effect was more pronounced than the effect on P870 oxidation, and was irreversible. The kinetics of recovery of P870 following its photochemical oxidation showed effects of high pressure. The main effect was the appearance, at high pressure, of slow recovery suggesting the trapping of electrons. This effect was partly irreversible.
2014 Curt Stern Award: Adventures in human genetics.

Thank you very much. I would first like to thank the Awards Committee, The Society, and all of you who are here this morning. For the past 15 years, I have treasured coming to this meeting, which is always full of energy, ideas, and brilliant scientists. To be honest, I find it hard to see myself in Aravinda Chakravarti’s and Michael Boehnke’s kind description of me, and in the next few minutes, I will probably disprove their claim that I am a good communicator. I stand before you trembling.
Palette: enabling scalable analytics for big-memory, multicore machines

Hadoop and its variants have been widely used for processing large scale analytics tasks in a cluster environment. However, use of a commodity cluster for analytics tasks needs to be reconsidered based on two key observations: (1) in recent years, large memory, multicore machines have become more affordable; and (2) recent studies show that most analytics tasks in practice are smaller than 100 GB. Thus, replacing a commodity cluster with a large memory, multicore machine can enable in-memory analytics at an affordable cost. However= programming on a big-memory, multicore machine is a challenge. Multi-threaded programming is notoriously difficult. Further, the memory design of most large memory servers follows non-uniform memory access (NUMA) architecture. While NUMA-aware programming often leads to high efficiency in analytics tasks, it is usually done in an ad hoc manner. In this demo, we present Palette, an analytics framework that exploits large memory to trade space for time while also addressing the challenges of multi-threaded, NUMA-aware programming. Palette manages multiple, index-like data representations for input datasets. An operator may have multiple implementations, each of which uses a different data representation. Palette uses a cost-based approach to automatically select the fastest one on a given dataset. Palette addresses challenges of multi-threaded and NUMA-aware programming by adapting Hadoop for a single multicore machine and modifying it by considering the characteristics of modern NUMA hardware. Users can write programs using exactly the same APIs as those used in traditional Hadoop, while transparently benefiting from multi-threaded and NUMA-aware infrastructure. We have developed a research prototype of Palette. Specifically, at SIGMOD we will demonstrate how to (1) create an operator, such as time series similarity search, on Palette, (2) execute the operator with Palette's automatic implementation selection feature, and (3) monitor and compare different operator implementations.
Modeling surface acidity of two powdered activated carbons : comparison of diprotic and monoprotic surface representations

Abstract Powdered activated carbon (PAC) can behave as a weak acid in solution. Historically, the amphoteric nature of hydrous solids has been modeled as a single weak diprotic acid. To determine if the single diprotic representation was the most appropriate description of the PAC surface, two commercially available PACs underwent acidimetric-alkalimetric and NaNO 3 titrations. The surface complex formation (SCF) model, a variation of a soluble equilibrium chemical model, was used to simulate experimental titration curves using several surface representations. A three-monoprotic site model was chosen to represent the amphoteric nature of both PACs studied, based on the following criteria: the goodness of fit of model results; the coherence of the representations to previously published results; and the agreement of surface site representations at different ionic strengths for the same PAC. Surface acidity parameters ( pH zpc , acidity coefficients and number of surface sites) and surface speciation diagrams are presented.
Use of prescription and non-prescription drugs in pregnancy

We analyzed use of therapeutic drugs during pregnancy by 2752 mothers of infants without major congenital malformations. During pregnancy, 68% of the women used at least one prescription or non-prescription drug. Drug use in pregnancy was significantly more common for women who were white, older, married, better educated, of higher income and occupational status, receiving private prenatal care and not living in urban areas. Number of maternal illnesses, higher socioeconomic status, white race, multiparity and use of recreational drugs explained 26% of reported drug use. The mean number of drugs reported (1.2) underestimates total drug exposure due to exclusion of some drug categories including multivitamins and illicit drugs. Since the majority of women giving birth to normal infants report use of at least one pharmacologic agent during pregnancy, attribution of adverse outcome to drug use in an individual case is rarely justified.
A comparison of progesterone and epinephrine inhibition on the myometrium of the rat

Abstract This study was executed to gain insight into the possibility of a relationship between the smooth muscle depressing effects of epinephrine and of progesterone. The first part of the investigation considered the possibility that an adrenergic blocking agent, dichloroisoproterenol, may affect the ability of progesterone to exert its inhibitory effects on smooth muscle as the blocking agent does with epinephrine. The second was a comparative study on the oxygen-stimulating effects of epinephrine and progesterone. The rationale behind this last experiment was derived from observations of Bueding and Bulbring ∗ which have led them to the conclusion that the epinephrineinduced relaxation of smooth muscle is mediated through an increase in oxidative metabolism. Epinephrine (1.04 mg/ml) caused inhibition of the spontaneous contractions of rat uterine strips when bathed in Krebs original Ringer phosphate buffered solution. Progesterone, at a concentration of 20 mg/ml, also caused inhibition of spontaneous activity of the rat uterus under the same conditions. Dichloroisoproterenol, at 1 mg/ml, inhibited the depressing effect of epinephrine at the previously mentioned dose, but had no effect on the depressing effect of progesterone. Epinephrine caused an increase in the rate of oxygen consumption of the rat uterus at 5, 15, and sometimes 30 min, after which the rate diminished as the effect wore off. Progesterone caused a significant depression of oxygen consumption of the uterus over the entire hour measured, and especially during the last 15-min period. The conclusion was drawn from these results that epinephrine and progesterone depress smooth muscle activity via independent mechanisms.
On contributions to the pion-nucleus optical potential non-linear in nuclear density: The Ericson-Ericson Lorentz-Lorentz correction

Abstract A well-defined set of higher order corrections to the lowest order pion-nucleus optical potential is examined within the framework of many-body theory for an infinite nuclear medium. The connection between the pion self-energy operators and multiple scattering formalisms is thereby indicated and a deriviation of the EELL effect given.
Fluid intransitivity in Middle Welsh: Gradience, typology and ‘unaccusativity’☆

Abstract Welsh philologists have long noted that non-finite clauses headed by a verbal noun display considerable variation in the marking of the notional subject of intransitive verbs. This argument is sometimes marked like a transitive agent, sometimes like a transitive object. This paper demonstrates that two systems of independent variables, the intrinsic denotational content of the intransitive subject NP and the aktionsart and control characteristics of the lexical verb, serve to constrain this variation to only a small residue. These variables are shown to be articulated one to another hierarchically, rather than paradigmatically. The resulting casemarking system is thus typologically a ‘fluid’ rather than ‘split’ intransitive system in the terminology of Dixon (1979). It is argued that the particular case-marking model employed (‘the coding view’) allows partially variable ‘fluid’ systems like the one described here to be compared extensionally (rather than intensionally) with other partially variable ‘fluid’ and categorical ‘split’ systems (including Tsova-Tush and Georgian, respectively). A particular approach to the theory and typology of grammatical variation in case-marking systems is advocated in terms of this model. It is further argued that the proposed typological distinction between ‘split’ and ‘fluid’ intransitivity is nothing other than a more general, orthogonal variable of ‘categorical’ versus ‘partially variable’ case-marking splits readily observable in other case-marking domains and not specific to intransitive subject case-marking.
The regular matroids with no. 5-wheel minorx

For r in {3, 4}, the class of binary matroids with no minor isomorphic to M(Wr), the rank-r wheel, has an easily described structure. This paper determines all graphs with no W5-minor and uses this to show that the class of regular matroids with no M(W5)-minor also has a relatively simple structure.
Assessment of structural integrity of bridges under extreme scour conditions

Abstract Scour has been reported as the cause of approximately half of bridge failures in the United States. It alters static and dynamic characteristics of bridges and may lead to excessive deflections and increased maximum actions induced in structural members. To estimate the response of bridges under scour conditions, comprehensive models of representative bridges that overpass waterways are developed in this study. The bridge models account for the nonlinear soil–pile–structure interactions, the nonlinear response of the abutments and columns, as well as the predominantly linear contribution of the superstructure. Different types of scour, including local scour, general scour, and aggradation/degradation are investigated and their effects on the bridge structural system are quantified. The lateral response of the structure is studied as it varies dependent on the composition of the supporting soil profile and the magnitude of the scour depth. In addition, a set of scour scenarios is introduced to represent varying scour intensities that a bridge may experience during its service life. The effects of scour on the lateral performance of a case study bridge/soil profile have been evaluated using the developed analysis procedure. The outcome of this study is an efficient approach that can be used for the design and assessment of bridges under extreme scour conditions.
CHOROLOGY AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS

The chorological and spatial schools offer differing conceptions of the nature of geographic questions and the appropriate forms of explanation. Their differences have been exaggerated, however, and recent attempts at synthesis have been reconstructions of chorology from the spatial viewpoint. Examination of the development of the two positions and elimination of their more fanciful claims reveals a common commitment to empiricism and a shared interest in the physical geometric relationships of facts. This common ground permits a synthesis which is sensitive to interconnections in each school between questions and explanations, and to the views each school has of the other. The basis of synthesis is that at least two modal meanings of the specific region can be formulated by emphasizing the physical geometric arrangements of facts in discourses that rely on incomplete nomothetic explanations.
Experimental Investigation on Joining Dissimilar Aluminum Alloy 6061 to TRIP 780/800 Steel Through Friction Stir Welding

Friction stir welding (FSW) technique has been successfully applied to butt joining of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 to one type of advanced high strength steel (AHSS), transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) 780/800 with the highest weld strength reaching 85% of the base aluminum alloy. Mechanical welding forces and temperature were measured under various sets of process parameters and their relationships were investigated, which also helped explain the observed macrostructure of the weld cross section. Compared with FSW of similar aluminum alloys, only one peak of axial force occurred during the plunge stage. Three failure modes were identified during tensile tests of weld specimens, which were further analyzed based on the microstructure of joint cross sections. Intermetallic compound (IMC) layer with appropriate thickness and morphology was shown to be beneficial for enhancing the strength of Al–Fe interface.
Nanofins as a Means of Enhancing Heat Transfer: Leading Order Results

The porous media approach is being adapted to a system of nanoparticles that are attached to a solid surface (a metal wire) embedded into a stagnant fluid, forming by design nanofins around the wire. The analyzed system resembles the Transient Hot Wire experimental method used in evaluating the thermal conductivity of a fluid or nanofluid suspensions. Since the attachment of the nanoparticles to the wire is done by design (as distinct from uncontrolled agglomeration around the wire), one major objective in such a design is attempting to enhance the heat transfer from the wire. The latter objective is analyzed via a short times approximation of the solution. Preliminary results based on the leading order solution shows that such a heat transfer enhancement is indeed possible and presents major advantages compared to commonly used macro-fins.
Multi-agent differential graphical games: Nash online adaptive learning solutions

This paper studies a class of multi-agent graphical games denoted by differential graphical games, where interactions between agents are prescribed by a communication graph structure. Ideas from cooperative control are given to achieve synchronization among the agents to a leader dynamics. New coupled Bellman and Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations are developed for this class of games using Integral Reinforcement Learning. Nash solutions are given in terms of solutions to a set of coupled continuous-time Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations. A multi-agent policy iteration algorithm is given to learn the Nash solution in real time without knowing the complete dynamic models of the agents. A proof of convergence for this algorithm is given. An online multi-agent method based on policy iterations is developed using a critic network to solve all the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations simultaneously for the graphical game.
Queer Youth in Heterosexist Schools: Isolation, Prejudice and No Clear Supportive Policy Frameworks

Over the past thirty years, equal rights and anti-discrimination legislation extended the umbrella of protection to many disenfranchised groups, but Sears (2005) observes that the new legislation a...
The Moving IoT

Moving beyond the traditional scope of the IoT this work presents novel proposals in the field of connected objects. In this paper we identify and study the implications of having moving elements in the IoT. We successfully propose and then experimentally test a compensation mechanism for actuating objects. Such a mechanism allows the operation of moving elements over lossy links by partially hiding the network impairments from the experience. We employ probabilistic graphical models to construct a compensation mechanism that aims maintaining quality during the operation of networked actuators. Our results show that short-term compensation for network losses is feasible by incorporating knowledge about the task being executed and the characteristic of the communications channel.
Meiofauna-macrofauna interactions: I. Sand beach meiofauna affected by maturing Limulus eggs

Differential aggregation of meiofauna was associated with the presence of maturingLimulus eggs in a Roosevelt Inlet, Delaware, beach. Nematodes, gastrotrichs, oligochaetes and rotifers increased, whereas harpacticoid copepods, tardigrades and megalops larvae decreased; ostracods, turbellarians and nauplius larvae remained constant. Increase of Gastrotricha was attributable to but one of the several species present.
A pathological semi-infinite program verifying Karlovitz's conjecture

In 1965, Duffin and Karlovitz approximated semi-infinite linear programs by a sequence of linear programs where thenth approximating program minimizes the objective function, subject to the firstn constraints. At that time, Karlovitz conjectured the existence of a semi-infinite convex program without a duality gap, whose approximating programs have a duality gap. The purpose of this note is to provide such an example.
Late-Onset Schizophrenia: A Review for Clinicians

Although presumed to be relatively infrequent in presentation, the existence of late-onset schizophrenia (LOS) is now recognized by the International Consensus on Late-Onset and Very-Late-Onset Schizophrenia Group. In 2000, this group agreed upon ages 40 to 60 years as LOS cutoffs. This review is focused on identifying features of LOS that are important for clinicians working with middle-aged and older adults. Although the symptoms in LOS and early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) are more similar than different, patients with LOS tend to experience more positive and fewer negative symptoms. Specifically, persecutory and paranoid delusions and visual, tactile, and auditory hallucinations tend to be more prominent in patients with LOS than in patients with earlier onsets. Risk factors for the disease include sex (female) and social isolation. Current pathophysiological findings suggest that patients with LOS have enlarged ventricles and more white-matter hyperintensities when compared than age-matched patients wi...
Ventricular premature beats and anatomically defined coronary heart disease.

Ambulatory 24 hour electrocardiographic monitoring was performed in 124 patients before cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography. Ventricular premature beats were demonstrated in 83 percent of all patients. Ectopic activity persisted for at least 3 of the 24 hours in 75 percent of the 84 patients with coronary heart disease, 61 percent of 28 with other heart disease and in 24 percent of 12 normal subjects. The prevalence and grade of ventricular premature beats were increased in the 57 patients with multivessel disease compared with values in the 27 patients with one vessel disease ( P P
Partying, Cruising, and Hanging in the Streets: Gangs, Routine Activities, and Delinquency and Violence in Chicago, 1959-1962

Examine relationships between routine activities, character contests in the form of “signifying,” and general delinquency and fighting in a street gang context. Samejima’s (Estimation of latent ability using a response pattern of graded scores. Psychometrika monograph supplement 17. Psychometric Society, Richmond, VA, Retrieved 10 Aug 2011, from http://www.psychometrika.org/journal/online/MN17.pdf , 1969) graded response models and multilevel ordinal logistic regression models are estimated using data from Short and Strodtbeck (Group process and gang delinquency. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1965) study of street gangs in Chicago, 1959–1962. The primary sample consists of 490 boys representing 10 black gangs, 4 white gangs, 9 black lower-class groups, 4 white lower-class groups, 2 black middle-class groups, and 2 white middle-class groups. Unstructured and unsupervised socializing with peers significantly increased the likelihood of delinquency among the boys and explained a significant portion of the group-level gang effect. In addition, the more time the boys spent hanging in the streets and attending parties, the more likely they were to participate in signifying, which, in turn, increased their risk of fighting. Findings provide evidence that gangs contribute to delinquency partly through their effect on the routine activities of members. Findings also suggest that signifying is an important mechanism by which unstructured and unsupervised socializing with peers leads to violence.
Constructing knowledge of educational practices from case studies

After briefly describing case‐study methodology in general, a number of ways of classifying different types of case studies are identified and discussed, including positivistic, interpretive and cr...