cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Directions for Relational Coordination Theory

Relational coordination theory makes visible the humanistic process underlying the technical process of coordination, arguing that coordination encompasses not only the management of interdependence between tasks but also between the people who perform those tasks. This chapter introduces relational coordination theory, then proposes fi ve potential directions for its further development, each of which deepens the contribution of the theory to positive organizational scholarship. The fi rst proposed direction is to develop the social psychological foundations of relational coordination theory, placing it more fi rmly into the context of relational theory. The second is to extend relational coordination theory from its focus on role relationships to include personal relationships and to explore the interplay between them. Third is to broaden relational coordination networks beyond the core workers who have typically been considered, to include multiple other participants: so-called noncore workers who nevertheless play key supporting roles in the work process, the customer herself as a key participant in the work process, and participants outside the focal organization who are involved in the same supply chain. Fourth is to extend the theorized outcomes of relational coordination beyond outcomes for the organization and its customers to include outcomes for workers as well. The fi fth proposed direction is to go beyond the linear model of organizational change implicit in relational coordination theory and to consider a more dynamic and iterative model of change. These new directions will be previewed briefl y in anticipation of their future development.
Solute partitioning in multi-component γ/γ′ Co–Ni-base superalloys with near-zero lattice misfit

Abstract The addition of nickel to cobalt-base alloys enables alloys with a near zero γ − γ′ lattice misfit. The solute partitioning between ordered γ′ precipitates and the disordered γ matrix have been investigated using atom probe tomography. The unique shift in solute partitioning in these alloys, as compared to that in simpler Co-base alloys, derives from changes in site substitution of solutes as the relative amounts of Co and Ni change, highlighting new opportunities for the development of advanced tailored alloys.
Tic Disorders and Tourette’s

Tic disorders are a class of childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by involuntary motor and vocal tics that vary in frequency, intensity, complexity, and form. Despite their underlying organic cause and involuntary nature, contemporary behavioral approaches have led to a better understanding of how environmental factors influence their expression as well as new advancements in nonpharmacological treatment. This entry outlines the clinical presentation of tics and associated features and describes the conceptualization and treatment of tics from both a medical and behavioral approach.
The Sound of Leadership: Transformational Leadership in Music

Leadership and music are two topics that are rarely mentioned together. However, their universal, intriguing, and complex nature allows a unique framework for helping individuals learn leadership concepts. In this paper several songs have been selected from various music genres. Each demonstrates elements of leadership. Aspects of popular culture such as music can create opportunities to learn about leadership and contribute to the development of one’s leadership style. General leadership concepts, along with the transformational approach and emotional intelligence, will be explained as we study each song. Additionally, the paper will discuss effective teaching methods and applications for using music to teach leadership.
Soil Collapses on Shores of Clear Lake Reservoir, Modoc County, California

Local, elongated soil collapses of unconsolidated overburden into preexisting cavities in Cenozoic volcanic rocks on the western shore of Clear Lake Reservoir, Modoc plateau, in northeastern California are described. Collapses theoretically could be caused by several processes such as (1) an increase of weight of dry overburden by wetting during flooding, (2) piping of unconsolidated overburden, or (3) subsidence related to a lowering of water levels in the reservoir and associated drainage of overburden on its shore. The last explanation appears to be the most probable.
Neurologic Intensive Care Unit Management and Economic Issues

This article opens with a case study and shows the complex nature of neurologic intensive care patients. After an historical perspective, the administrative organization and collaborative practice are discussed. The author also addresses the impact of outcome research and managed care on the current and future practice of the neurologic intensive care unit.
Plasma disappearance and distribution volume of polyfructosan in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus

The simultaneous plasma disappearance curves of the extracellular marker polyfructosan and 125I-fibrinogen were recorded for 3 h in 24 male long-term diabetic patients. Eight normal subjects served as a control group. The patients were divided into three groups according to their urinary albumin excretion: Group 1 had normal albumin excretion ( 300 mg/24 h). Using fibrinogen as a plasma volume reference, the permeability surface product (PdS), the plasma clearance rate at 10 min C1(10), and the extracellular volume (ECV) were determined from the polyfructosan curves. Plasma volume was similar in all groups, and no differences were found between Group 1 and the control group. PdS was higher in the albuminuric groups, but barely to reach significant levels (p = 0.08-0.03), while C1(10) was significantly elevated (p < 0.01). The ECV was also significantly higher in these patients (p = 0.02-0.005), resulting in a marked decrease of the plasma volume to extravascular volume ratio. The results suggest a general degeneration of perivascular resistance components in diabetic microvascular complications, followed by secondary alterations of fluid balance, due to decreasing colloid osmotic counterpressure and eventually increasing transcapillary hydrostatic pressure.
Environmental Issues of Gasoline Additives – Aqueous Solubility and Spills

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on various environmental issues related to gasoline additives such as ethers and alcohols. Gasoline additives are soluble in water and may be quite mobile in the environment during gasoline spills. In the event of substantial spills of gasoline to the environment, the gasoline phase may move because of gravity until a barrier is encountered. The gasoline light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) constituents may have a tendency of getting transferred to the gas phase in the unsaturated zone above the water table and the LNAPL, but dissolution of the constituents from the LNAPL into flowing groundwater is typically an environmental concern because the groundwater plume created by dissolution can travel significant distances. Gasoline may also be trapped as a residue in soil pores, thereby providing a continuous source for dissolution. Organic compounds with high aqueous solubilities, such as ethanol and methanol, may be present in water at high concentrations and may function as co-solvents with the ability to solubilize other organic gasoline constituents that are more harmful to human health and the environment. At high co-solvent concentrations, the surface of the solubilized organic molecules in the water is surrounded by the organic co-solvent as well as water, thereby affecting the net molecular interactions.
Resonance in downhole microseismic data and its removal

Author(s): Zhang, Z; Rector, JW; Nava, MJ | Abstract: We identified resonance due to poor geophone-borehole cou- pling in downhole microseismic data and proposed to use spik- ing deconvolution and relative spectrum analysis to remove its effect. The resonance may hinder the arrival time picking and contaminate microseismic waveform spectrum. We designed a spiking deconvolution filter to recover the impulse response of the earth. Also, we proposed to use relative spectrum anal- ysis to study microseismic source parameters. The applica- tion of deconvolution on Marcellus shale dataset improved the identifiability of the multiple arrivals. Additionally, the rela- tive spectrum analysis is more effective in revealing the actual spectrum characteristics of microseismic waveforms.
Williams and Down Syndromes: Brain Anatomy

The morphological features of the cerebral hemispheres of nine subjects with Williams syndrome (WS) and six with Down syndrome (DS) have been compared using MRIs at the University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
Al0.35Ga0.65N pin diodes exhibiting sub-fA leakage currents

Using conventional photolithography, Al 0.35 Ga 0.65 N pin diodes have been fabricated that exhibit extremely low reverse bias leakage currents. Macroscopic I-V measurements from a statistical population of 64, 120 μm diameter, circular diodes gives a mean leakage current of 0.96 fA with a standard deviation of 0.90 fA at -0.5 V bias.
Management programs for plants on federal lands

The plant phase of the Endangered Species Program is discussed from the point of view of a professional botanist in government service. Some of the new amendments are also discussed from a botanical standpoint. Federal agency programs and policies in the western United States are briefly reviewed. The strength of the Endangered Species Program is dependent upon input from qualified professional biologists in and out of government service. Some of the problems encountered in the program are outlined.
Connecticut Confronts the Guillotine: The French Revolution and the Land of Steady Habits

Abstract Accounts of French revolutionary violence issuing from Connecticut presses both reflected and shaped the public mindset. Drawing on pre-existing elements of popular culture, the descriptions established tropes which Connecticut public figures utilized to shape public opinion and fashion the state's self-image as the “Land of Steady Habits.”
EXTH-49. IN VIVO ANALYSES OF LONG-TERM STABILITY AND DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF L-MYC IMMORTALIZED HUMAN NEURAL STEM CELLS

Preclinical studies indicate that neural stem cells (NSCs) can limit or reverse central nervous system (CNS) damage through delivery of therapeutic agents of cell regeneration. Clinical translation of cell-based therapies raises concerns about the long-term stability, absence of tumorigenicity, and manufacturing time required to produce therapeutic cells in quantities sufficient for clinical use. Allogeneic NSC lines are in growing demand due to challenges inherent in employing autologous stem cells, including production costs limiting availability to patients. Here, we demonstrate the long-term stability of L-MYC immortalized human NSCs (LM-NSC008) in vivo, including engraftment, migration, and absence of tumorigenicity of LM-NSC008 cells resident in mouse brains for over nine months. These are all properties favoring potential use of these allogeneic NSCs in clinical settings. We also examined the distributions of engrafted LM-NSC008 cells, and developed computational techniques to analyze NSC migration characteristics in relation to intrinsic brain structure (as assessed by light microscopy). This computational analysis of NSC distributions following implantation provides proof-of-concept for the development of computational models that can be used clinically to predict NSC migration paths in patients. Previously, models of preferential malignant tumor cell migration along white matter tracts have been used to predict their final distributions. We suggest that quantitative measures of tissue orientation and white matter tracts determined from MR images can be used in a diffusion tensor imaging tractography-like approach to describe the most likely migration routes and final distributions of NSCs administered in a clinical setting. Such a model could be very useful in choosing the optimal locations for NSC administration to patients to achieve maximum therapeutic effects.
Incidental detection of hepatitis B and C viruses and their coinfection in a hospital-based general population in tertiary care hospital of Uttar Pradesh.

Introduction: Substantial proportion of liver diseases worldwide is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections which manifest not only as an acute illness but also lead to chronic sequelae. Together HBV and HCV cause chronic infection in more than 500 million persons and about one million deaths annually. Most of the people with chronic infection are not aware of the infection thus enabling it to go unnoticed, and undiagnosed and act as a potential source of infection for the community at large. Therefore, we aimed to find the prevalence of HBV and HCV in Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh among individuals attending the tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: From February 2015 to January 2016, 3750 patients attending the outdoor patient departments or admitted to the indoor patient departments of teaching hospital and advised to undergo HBV and HCV for screening before any invasive/surgical procedure were included in the study. Screening was done by rapid card test followed by the confirmation of all samples by enzyme immunoassay. Results: Seroprevalence of HBV and HCV was found to be 3.9% and 1.76% respectively with higher seroprevalence among males and in married participants in both infections. Blood transfusion is statistically a significant risk factor for HCV infection (P
A New Approach to Animacy Detection

Animacy is a necessary property for a referent to be an agent, and thus animacy detection is useful for a variety of natural language processing tasks, including word sense disambiguation, co-reference resolution, semantic role labeling, and others. Prior work treated animacy as a word-level property, and has developed statistical classifiers to classify words as either animate or inanimate. We discuss why this approach to the problem is ill-posed, and present a new approach based on classifying the animacy of co-reference chains. We show that simple voting approaches to inferring the animacy of a chain from its constituent words perform relatively poorly, and then present a hybrid system merging supervised machine learning (ML) and a small number of hand-built rules to compute the animacy of referring expressions and co-reference chains. This method achieves state of the art performance. The supervised ML component leverages features such as word embeddings over referring expressions, parts of speech, and grammatical and semantic roles. The rules take into consideration parts of speech and the hypernymy structure encoded in WordNet. The system achieves an F1 of 0.88 for classifying the animacy of referring expressions, which is comparable to state of the art results for classifying the animacy of words, and achieves an F1 of 0.75 for classifying the animacy of coreference chains themselves. We release our training and test dataset, which includes 142 texts (all narratives) comprising 156,154 words, 34,698 referring expressions, and 10,941 co-reference chains. We test the method on a subset of the OntoNotes dataset, showing using manual sampling that animacy classification is 90% +/- 2% accurate for coreference chains, and 92% +/- 1% for referring expressions. The data also contains 46 folktales, which present an interesting challenge because they often involve characters who are members of traditionally inanimate classes (e.g., stoves that walk, trees that talk). We show that our system is able to detect the animacy of these unusual referents with an F1 of 0.95.
Speech Production: Adult

The adaptive performance anatomy subserving adult human speech represents an anatomically and neurophysiologically diverse collection of tissue–muscle subsystems capable of valving and channeling the breath stream at regulated pressure levels for speech production. Complex relations in the dynamics underlying movement exist between articulators during speech production. Traumatic injury or progressive disease to brain structures involved in the selection, sequencing, and activation of orofacial, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and chest wall muscles may degrade speech kinematics and reduce intelligibility. In this article, theoretical and methodological issues pertinent to the relation between brain and speech motor behavior are highlighted from studies which use functional neuroimaging and computational modeling.
A self-powered constant infusion device for use in unrestrained rats

We developed a device that delivers fluid through a catheter at a constant rate and can be used in conscious animals to solve a variety of problems. For example, this device can be used for deliver...
Neurotrophins: Physiology and Pharmacology

Neurotrophins are a family of growth factor proteins sharing a similar amino acid sequence homology. These growth factors mediate a wide variety of physiological actions within the central and peripheral nervous systems by binding to receptors localized on distinct populations of neurons. The potent and specific actions of individual neurotrophins in promoting cell survival and differentiation make these molecules intriguing candidates for therapies targeting neurodegenerative or traumatic conditions.
US Emergency Department Visits for Adverse Drug Events From Antibiotics in Children, 2011-2015.

Background Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed medications for children; however, at least one-third of pediatric antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary. National data on short-term antibiotic-related harms could inform efforts to reduce overprescribing and to supplement interventions that focus on the long-term benefits of reducing antibiotic resistance. Methods Frequencies and rates of emergency department (ED) visits for antibiotic adverse drug events (ADEs) in children were estimated using adverse event data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance project and retail pharmacy dispensing data from QuintilesIMS (2011-2015). Results On the basis of 6542 surveillance cases, an estimated 69464 ED visits (95% confidence interval, 53488-85441) were made annually for antibiotic ADEs among children aged ≤19 years from 2011 to 2015, which accounts for 46.2% of ED visits for ADEs that results from systemic medication. Two-fifths (40.7%) of ED visits for antibiotic ADEs involved a child aged ≤2 years, and 86.1% involved an allergic reaction. Amoxicillin was the most commonly implicated antibiotic among children aged ≤9 years. When we accounted for dispensed prescriptions, the rates of ED visits for antibiotic ADEs declined with increasing age for all antibiotics except sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Amoxicillin had the highest rate of ED visits for antibiotic ADEs among children aged ≤2 years, whereas sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resulted in the highest rate among children aged 10 to 19 years (29.9 and 24.2 ED visits per 10000 dispensed prescriptions, respectively). Conclusions Antibiotic ADEs lead to many ED visits, particularly among young children. Communicating the risks of antibiotic ADEs could help reduce unnecessary prescribing. Prevention efforts could target pediatric patients who are at the greatest risk of harm.
Variation in self-fertility and the reproductive advantage of self-fertility for an invading plant (Spartina alterniflora)

The factors responsible for the reproductive success or failure of individuals in small, founding populations have received little attention. Previous work on a small population of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) invading San Francisco Bay, California found that most clones flower prolifically but set little or no seed, while a few clones have high rates of viable seed set, producing most of the seeds in the population. This study first identifies recruitment from seeds as the main source of new smooth cordgrass plants during invasion and then tests the influence of growing conditions and pollination treatment on viable seed set among clones established in San Francisco Bay. Field transplants indicated that a clone's seed set rate was not strongly dependent on its site of establishment. Low and high nutrient greenhouse treatments also had little effect on viable seed set rates within most clones. In contrast, pollination treatment (self-pollination or outcrossing) had a major effect on viable seed set rates. Most clones had high seed set rates after outcross-pollination, but clones varied widely in their selfing capacity. Zero or low viable self-seed set rates were most common; however, a few clones had high viable self-seed set rates, comparable to outcross seed set rates. A clone's selfing capacity was significantly correlated across years (r=0.89, P<0.001), and capacity to set viable self-pollinated seeds in the greenhouse was significantly correlated with the clone's rate of viable seed set in the field $$(r_s = 0.74, P < 0.005)$$ . In this growing population where cross-pollination is limited, only the clones with high selfing ability had high viable seed set rates in the field. Among primarily outcrossing plant invaders, variation in self-fertility among individuals may be a common phenomenon, with important implications for genetic differentiation, effective population size and patterns of spatial spread during an invasion.
Mice optimize switching decisions through cost-benefit evaluation

Abstract Cost-benefit analysis is a key determinant of decision-making, yet little is known about the underlying neural circuit mechanisms—perhaps because investigating this abstract concept using laboratory animals is challenging without quantitative behavioral readouts and theoretical frameworks. Here, we developed a novel behavioral paradigm to measure optimal cost-benefit switching decisions in mice. On each trial of the task, a mouse faces two options to collect reward: one lever provides a small volume of reward that requires a fixed number of presses (fixed ratio, FR); the other lever confers a large volume, but the required number of presses increases after each collection (progressive ratio, PR). The mouse initially prefers the PR with larger reward, but as the session progresses its preference changes to the FR because of increasing cost of effort (e.g. lever presses) on the PR. This preference switch was quantified by the indifference point at which the values of both choices became equivalent. We aimed to quantify a parametric shift in switching decisions by systematically varying effort cost and reward benefit in a two-dimensional parameter space. This parametric manipulation successfully influenced the switching decisions, therefore shifting the indifference points accordingly with the relative value of the larger reward. Our data-driven estimation of the indifference points was further validated by a theoretical framework based on the optimization principle. Taken together, our behavioral paradigm with a theoretical framework provides a quantitative platform to investigate the function and dysfunction of neural circuits underlying cost-benefit assessment.
Immune therapy, a double-edged sword for oncolytic viruses.

In recent years, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as a powerful, targeted immunotherapy with the identification of new viral vectors as well as genetically engineered viral payloads. Owing to t...
A Packaged 0.01–26-GHz Single-Chip SiGe Reflectometer for Two-Port Vector Network Analyzers

This article presents a packaged SiGe BiCMOS reflectometer for 0.01–26-GHz two-port vector network analyzers (VNAs). The reflectometer chip is composed of a resistive bridge coupler and two wideband heterodyne receivers for coherent magnitude and phase detection. In addition, a high-linearity receiver channel is designed to accommodate ~20 dBm of RF input power to the reflectometer. External sources are used to provide stimulus over the entire bandwidth, and a high-linearity shunt 50- $\Omega $ switch is placed at the input of each reflectometer chip to provide a matched condition for better measurement accuracy. The measured dynamic range (DR) of the heterodyne receiver is 129±3 dB at 0.01–26 GHz at an IF resolution bandwidth (RBW) of 10 Hz. The reflectometer chip is packaged on a low-cost printed circuit board (PCB) and connectorized for repeatable measurements. Several passive and active device-under-test (DUTs), such as filters and amplifiers, are measured in single- and dual-port complex $S$ -parameter setup at 0.01–26 GHz. The single-chip reflectometer results in excellent agreement with commercially available test equipment and with minimal magnitude and phase difference. Several definitions (mean deviation and error vector) are used to quantify the measurement accuracy. A measured $S_{21}$ of −80 dB is obtained using high-rejection filters. An in-depth DR analysis of possible limiting factors in the measurement setup is also presented. This article shows that silicon-based highly integrated reflectometers can be used in low-cost VNAs with excellent DR and accuracy.
Role of Natural Killer Cells in Uveal Melanoma

Uveal melanoma has a high mortality rate following metastasis to the liver. Despite advances in systemic immune therapy, treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) has failed to achieve long term durable responses. Barriers to success with immune therapy include the immune regulatory nature of uveal melanoma as well as the immune tolerant environment of the liver. To adequately harness the anti-tumor potential of the immune system, non-T cell-based approaches need to be explored. Natural Killer (NK) cells possess potent ability to target tumor cells via innate and adaptive responses. In this review, we discuss evidence that highlights the role of NK cell surveillance and targeting of uveal melanoma. We also discuss the repertoire of intra-hepatic NK cells. The human liver has a vast and diverse lymphoid population and NK cells comprise 50% of the hepatic lymphocytes. Hepatic NK cells share a common niche with uveal melanoma micro-metastasis within the liver sinusoids. It is, therefore, crucial to understand and investigate the role of intra-hepatic NK cells in the control or progression of MUM.
Faculty wellness in academic medicine: Addressing stressors in the workplace.

Background Burnout is widely regarded as a syndrome resulting from chronic occupational stress. While physician burnout has been the subject of extensive research, physician wellness has been proposed as an alternative framework for understanding physician distress. Objective The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the organizational context of faculty wellness within an academic health care system. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 chairs of clinical and non-clinical departments in a US university school of medicine. Results Chairs described several system-level factors perceived to interfere with faculty wellness such as a stricter regulatory environment, the loss of professional autonomy, the up or out promotion system, limitless hours, and the rise of shadow work. While all chairs articulated some degree of responsibility for the wellness of their faculty, some said they lacked the skills or knowledge of resources to fully engage in this role. Conclusions Findings from this study are consistent with recent research on physician burnout, which has pivoted from describing burnout as an individual responsibility to including the professional, organizational, and societal factors which likely contribute to physician job satisfaction and well-being. As health care organizations, including academic medical centers, move toward systems-based solutions for physician occupational health, it will be incumbent upon organizational leaders to make administrative decisions favoring physician wellness.
Complete Embedded Harmonic Surfaces in R3

Embedded minimal surfaces of finite total Gaussian curvature in are well understood as intersecting catenoids and planes, suitably desingularized. We consider the larger class of harmonic embeddings in of compact Riemann surfaces with finitely many punctures parameterized by meromorphic data. This paper is motivated by two outstanding features of such surfaces: they can have highly complicated ends, and they still have total curvature a multiple of 2π. This poses the dual challenge of constructing and classifying examples of fixed total curvature. Our results include a classification of embedded harmonic ends of small total curvature, the construction of examples of embedded ends of arbitrarily large total curvature, a classification of complete properly embedded harmonic surfaces of small total curvature in the spirit of the corresponding classification of minimal surfaces of small total curvature, and the largely experimental construction of complete embedded harmonic surfaces with nontrivial topology t...
Disk-resolved photometry of Io. I - Near-opposition limb darkening

For conducting a comparison of Voyager photometric measurements of individual areas on the Jovian satellite Io to laboratory data, it is necessary to reduce the two sets of information to a comparable format. In this connection, more accurate normal reflectance spectra for regions on Io are derived by means of a two-step process. The near-opposition limb-darkening characteristics are obtained for areas on the surface of Io. The new limb-darkening results are employed to determine the near-opposition phase behavior of selected regions on the satellite, taking into account also the effects of the opposition surge. A combination of the phase and limb-darkening data makes it possible to obtain improved normal reflectance spectra for regions on Io. These spectra can be readily compared with laboratory spectra of candidate materials.
A Framework for a Secure Federated Patient Healthcare System

Medical records contain personal information like names, Social Security Number (SSN), Birth Date etc. The exposure of this information could cause considerable damage and lends itself to misuse in multiple ways However it is widely recognized that information from hospital information systems is needed for research and development. In this paper we propose a new framework to secure data from multiple sources.
Chapter 24 Apparent Competition and Regulation in a Wolf-Ungulate System: Interactions of Life History Characteristics, Climate, and Landscape Attributes

Theme The nonmigratory elk population in the Madison headwaters area of Yellowstone National Park appeared to be regulated near ecological carrying capacity by food limitation for at least three decades prior to the reestablishment of wolves. Eight years of post-wolf data indicated a substantial proportion of wolf predation was additive and overwhelmed any potential for the elk population to demographically compensate. Thus, wolf predation resulted in a 60–70% decrease in elk abundance and the system transitioned from being bottom-up regulated in the absence of a significant predator to strong top-down limitation due to wolf predation. However, it is uncertain if predation will ultimately regulate the elk population at a lower, alternate state or if predation and other factors influencing elk vulnerability will interact to result in further decreases in elk abundance. Fundamental to this question is the role of bison as an alternative prey for wolves. We discuss regulatory processes in predator–prey systems and present conceptual models that provide contrasting predictions for wolf-ungulate dynamics. We also characterize various aspects of prey vulnerability that may influence the effects of alternative prey on predation of the preferred prey and, in turn, the stability or instability of wolf multiple-prey systems. We conclude by evaluating support for these processes in data we have collected on Madison headwaters elk and predicting the future trajectory of the herd.
Cardiac metabolomics and autopsy in a patient with early diffuse systemic sclerosis presenting with dyspnea: a case report

Diffuse systemic sclerosis is associated with high mortality; however, the pathogenesis of cardiac death in these patients is not clear.
Approximate Isocontours For The Solar Angular Velocity In The Convection Zone

The angular velocity, Ω, in the solar convection zone (SCZ) is expanded in Legendre polynomials, P n(cosθ), and the values for Ω at the equator are assumed to be given by Kosovichev's helioseismic data; here, r, θ, and φ, label the radial, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, respectively. The isocontours for Ω are calculated for the following two cases. (i) The angular momentum of a thin spherical shell of radius r is identical to the shell's angular momentum for solid body rotation, i.e., rotation just distributes in latitude the angular momentum of each layer. (ii) Considerations based on the Taylor–Proudman balance (a balance between the pressure, Coriolis and buoyancy forces which is expected to be amply satisfied in the SCZ), require that the radial component of the superadiabatic gradient be strongly dependent on latitude unless the coefficients in the expansion for Ω defined above satisfy a first-order differential equation, DE. The isocontours for the angular velocity determined from DE, compare remarkably well with the helioseismic data, whereas for case (i) there is a marked difference at high latitudes. The radial and latitudinal balance of angular momentum are studied. The meridional motions are determined mainly (but not entirely) by the radial balance of angular momentum, and they depend principally on the Reynolds stress, 〈ur uφ 〉. Concerning the latitudinal balance, ∂Ω/∂θ increases until the transport of angular momentum toward the poles by the meridional motions is able to balance the transport of angular momentum towards the equator by 〈 uθ uφ 〉 ( = 〈 uθ uφ 〉0 - νt sinθ∂Ω/∂θ)). Here the subscript 0 stands for solid body rotation, and νt is a turbulent viscosity coefficient. In contrast to the radial balance, the viscosity term plays a fundamental role in the latitudinal balance of angular momentum.
Colour of Paradise: The Emerald in the Age of Gunpowder Empires – By Kris Lane

Because they dazzled with a hue sacred to Islam, emeralds were prized in the courts of Mughal India, Safavid Persia, and Ottoman Turkey during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The best qua...
Inhibition of cyclic gonadotropin secretion by endogenous human prolactin.

Abstract The resumption of cyclic uterine bleeding reportedly accompanies the use of human prolactin (HPRL)-suppressing agents in postpill galactorrhea-amenorrhea. In this laboratory, HPRL suppression with l -dopa was variable and short lived. Basal plasma HPRL levels were elevated before and after as much as five months of therapy. Galactorrhea persisted and mean gonadotropin concentrations were subnormal. An immediate and sustained attenuation of HPRL secretion (> 200 per cent) followed the use of 2-Br-α-ergocryptine (CB-154). Cyclic gonadotropin secretion resumed and was accompanied by ovulation and, in one instance, daily concentration of 17β-estradiol. Cyclic postovulatory menstruation continued after the cessation of CB-154 treatment. HPRL levels remained normal. The daily patterns of human observed at the time of menarche. The inhibitory effects of HPRL appeared directed at cyclic rather than tonic gonadotropin secretion. At the same time, diminished ovarian estrogen production seemed to increase mammary gland sensitivity to HPRL, leading to lactation. One may postulate, therefore, that the ingestion of sex steroids is associated with an over-all suppression of endogenous cyclic and, to a lesser extent, tonic gonadotropin secretion secondary to which ovarian function is attenuated. Without physiologic concentration of circulating estrogen, HPRL induces mammary alveolar function with the production of a milklike secretion.
Optically resonant subwavelength films for tamper-indicating tags and seals

We present the design, modeling and performance of a proof-of-concept tamper indicating approach that exploits newlydeveloped subwavelength-patterned films. These films have a nanostructure-dependent resonant optical reflection that is wavelength, angle, and polarization dependent. As such, they can be tailored to fabricate overlay transparent films for tamper indication and authentication of sensitive or controlled materials not possible with currently-known technologies. An additional advantage is that the unique optical signature is dictated by the geometry and fabrication process of the nanostructures in the film, rather than on the material used. The essential structure unit in the subwavelength resonant coating is a nanoscale Open-Ring Resonator (ORR). This building block is fabricated by coating a dielectric nanoscale template with metal to form a hemispherical shell-like structure. This curved metallic shell structure has a cross-section with an intrinsic capacitance and inductance and is thus the optical equivalent to the well-known “LC” circuit where the capacitance and inductance are determined by the nanoshell dimensions. For structures with sub 100 nm scale, this resonance occurs in the visible electromagnetic spectrum, and in the IR for larger shells. Tampering of the film would be visible though misalignment of the angle-sensitive features in the film. It is additionally possible to add in intrinsic oxidation and strain sensitive matrix materials to further complicate tamper repair and counterfeiting. Cursory standoff readout would be relatively simple using a combination of a near-infrared (or visible) LED flashlight and polarizer or passively using room lighting illumination and a dispersive detector.
eCURB outperforms CURB-65 and A-DROP for predicting 30-day mortality in pneumonia

RATIONALE: Severity assessment tools that use objective data available in the electronic medical record include CURB-65, A-DROP, and eCURB, an electronic version of CURB-65 using continuous variables (Jones et al, Chest. 2011;140:156-163). Our aim was to compare eCURB, CURB-65, and A-DROP versus 30-day mortality in a contemporary, emergency department pneumonia cohort. METHODS: We identified pneumonia patients by ICD-9 code plus compatible radiograph in 7 emergency departments Dec 1, 2009-Dec 1, 2010. Patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and health-care acquired pneumonia (HCAP) were identified. We extracted initial clinical features and triage information from the electronic medical record. We determined mortality from the Utah Population Database. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis of mortality was compared. RESULTS: We studied 2394 patients. 30-day mortality was 3.5% for 2061 patients with CAP and 16.2% for 333 patients with HCAP. The table shows areas under the curve (AUC) versus 30-day mortality. View this table: 30-day Mortality AUC. CONCLUSION: eCURB outperformed CURB-65 and A-DROP for mortality prediction in patients with CAP. For HCAP patients, all mortality predictors performed poorly.
The Creatine-Creatine Phosphate Shuttle for Energy Transport — Compartmentation of Creatine Phosphokinase in Muscle

There are two viewpoints regarding the role of the enzyme creatine Phosphokinase (CPK), which catalyzes the reversible transphosphorylation of creatine and adenine nucleotides in energy transport. The classical viewpoint (Fig. 1) regards CPK as a near equilibrium enzyme buffering cytosolic changes in nucleotide concentration (1,2), with creatine phosphate representing a reservoir of high energy phosphate equivalents (3) and with regulation of energy production relegated to the adenine nucleotides whether in the form of energy charge (4), adenylate phosphate potential (5,6), or ATP/ADP ratio (7). The second viewpoint places CPK and its products, creatine and creatine phosphate, in the central role of energy transport (8–11). The evidence for the latter viewpoint has come about from several diverse lines of reasoning (reviewed in 9). Jacobs et al discovered a distinct isoenzyme of CPK bound to mitochondria in 1964 (12). The significance of this mitochondrial bound form of CPK was studied by Bessman and Fonyo (13) in pigeon breast mitochondria where the possibility of feedback regulation of respiration through production of acceptor creatine was suggested, in accordance with Bessman’s earlier observation on the insulin-like effect of exercise in diabetics (14).
Differential regulation of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and -II) and IGF binding proteins during malnutrition in the neonatal rat.

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II are known to play a major role in fetal and early postnatal growth. The IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) are thought to be important in modulating the actions of the IGFs. In this paper, the effect of malnutrition in the neonatal rat on serum IGFs and IGFBPs and hepatic IGFBP messenger (m) RNA was examined. Control (C) dams (n = 9) were allowed ad libitum intake, whereas restricted (R) dams (n = 9) were limited to 50% of ad libitum intake throughout lactation, which results in decreased milk production and malnutrition of pups suckling on restricted dams. A subset of pups were cross-fostered from the R-dams to the C-dams from days 15–19 postpartum (PP) to investigate the effect of nutritional repletion (refed). Pups were killed on days 8, 12, 15, and 19 PP and liver and blood collected. Serum IGF-I and - II concentrations were measured by RIA after acid-chromatography to remove IGFBPs. Serum IGFBPs were characterized by Western ligand blot. Hepatic raRNA for IGFBP-1...
Electrochemical reduction of nitrate in the presence of ytterbium(III)

Abstract The reduction of nitrate at mercury electrodes in the presence of Yb(III) was studied using differential pulse polarography, cyclic voltammetry and coulometry. Nitrate was found to be reduced via at least two mechanism in Yb(III) solutions with either KCl or NH4Cl as supporting electrolyte. The first mechanism, which is a catalytic cycle involving the Yb(III)-Yb(II) couple, causes a great enhancement of the Yb(III) peak current at −1.4 V vs. SCE in both differential pulse polarograms at the DME and the first cathodic scan of cyclic voltammograms at the HMDE. The second mechanism, which involves direct reduction of nitrate at mercury electrodes coated with a small amount of YB(III) hydroxide, gives a new peak at −1.3 V vs. SCE in the second cathodic scan of cyclic voltammograms. The magnitudes of both reduction peaks exhibit marked pH dependence with KCl supporting electrolyte, but are much greater and independent of pH with NH4Cl supporting electrolyte. Ammonium ion appears to act as a proton donor in the reduction of nitrate by either mechanism. Current transients and coulometry at the DME indicate that nitrate may be reduced via both mechanisms under ordinary polarographic conditions.
Interactive Computer Strategies for Living Nervous System Research

New research strategies for living nervous system research are described. These employ rapid interactive computer processes for such basic functions as experiment control, data abstraction, and the on-line interpretation of nervous system functions.
Decreased blood pressure in borderline hypertensive subjects who practiced meditation

Abstract A prospective investigation was designed to test whether the altered behavior of the regular practice of a relaxation, meditational technique might lower blood pressure in 22 borderline hypertensive subjects. The investigation was unbiased with regard to the presence of antihypertensive agents; subject familiarity with blood pressure measurement or with the observer; observer error; and the effects of blood pressure variability. During the control period, blood pressures averaged 146.5 mm Hg systolic and 94.6 diastolic. During the experimental period, they decreased to 139.5 mm Hg systolic ( p p
Cytokinin metabolism in autonomous and crown gall tissue cultures

When tissues ofCatharanthus roseus A6 crown gall were incubated on medium supplemented with 50 (μM N6-isopentenyladenine (i6Ade), endogenous i6Ade, N6-isopentenyladenosine (i6A) and i6A nucleotide (i6AXP) increased to. 6, 5 and 12 nmol g-1, respectively, during 100 h. Whereas i6Ade and i6AXP increased rapidly during the initial 4 h and then remained relatively constant, the level of i6A continued to increase to 25 nmol g-1 by 16 h and then decreased; Ribosylzeatin (io6A) and its nucleotide (io6AXP) remained constant at 1.5 and 1.7 nmol g-1, respectively. Upon transfer to cytokininless medium, i6Ade and i6AXP declined rapidly but i6A increased to 10 nmol g-1 after 4 h and then declined. Again, io6A and io6AXP were unchanged. Prolonged incubation of crown gall tissue on i6Ade completely inhibited growth. By contrast, nonrtransformed, autonomous tissue lines fromCalycanthus fertilis andActinidia chinensis Xarguta continued to proliferate on this medium. TheActinidia Une was shown to metabolize i6Ade to zeatin and to accumulate this cytokinin to levels in excess of 70 nmol g-1.
Geometry and subsidence history of the Dead Sea basin: A case for fluid‐induced mid‐crustal shear zone?

[1] Pull-apart basins are narrow zones of crustal extension bounded by strike-slip faults that can serve as analogs to the early stages of crustal rifting. We use seismic tomography, 2-D ray tracing, gravity modeling, and subsidence analysis to study crustal extension of the Dead Sea basin (DSB), a large and long-lived pull-apart basin along the Dead Sea transform (DST). The basin gradually shallows southward for 50 km from the only significant transverse normal fault. Stratigraphic relationships there indicate basin elongation with time. The basin is deepest (8–8.5 km) and widest (∼15 km) under the Lisan about 40 km north of the transverse fault. Farther north, basin depth is ambiguous, but is 3 km deep immediately north of the lake. The underlying pre-basin sedimentary layer thickens gradually from 2 to 3 km under the southern edge of the DSB to 3–4 km under the northern end of the lake and 5–6 km farther north. Crystalline basement is ∼11 km deep under the deepest part of the basin. The upper crust under the basin has lowerPwave velocity than in the surrounding regions, which is interpreted to reflect elevated pore fluids there. Within data resolution, the lower crust below ∼18 km and the Moho are not affected by basin development. The subsidence rate was several hundreds of m/m.y. since the development of the DST ∼17 Ma, similar to other basins along the DST, but subsidence rate has accelerated by an order of magnitude during the Pleistocene, which allowed the accumulation of 4 km of sediment. We propose that the rapid subsidence and perhaps elongation of the DSB are due to the development of inter-connected mid-crustal ductile shear zones caused by alteration of feldspar to muscovite in the presence of pore fluids. This alteration resulted in a significant strength decrease and viscous creep. We propose a similar cause to the enigmatic rapid subsidence of the North Sea at the onset the North Atlantic mantle plume. Thus, we propose that aqueous fluid flux into a slowly extending continental crust can cause rapid basin subsidence that may be erroneously interpreted as an increased rate of tectonic activity.
A Linked-Cell Domain Decomposition Method for Molecular Dynamics Simulation on a Scalable Multiprocessor

A molecular dynamics algorithm for performing large-scale simulations using the Parallel C Preprocessor (PCP) programming paradigm on the BBN TC2000, a massively parallel computer, is discussed. The algorithm uses a linked-cell data structure to obtain the near neighbors of each atom as time evoles. Each processor is assigned to a geometric domain containing many subcells and the storage for that domain is private to the processor. Within this scheme, the interdomain (i.e., interprocessor) communication is minimized.