cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
System Architecture for the CUSat Spacecraft: a Flight Experiment in GPS-Carrier-Phase Differential Navigation and Control

Cornell University’s CUSat is the winner of the University Nanosat-4 Program. It is scheduled to launch on a SpaceX Falcon 9 in March 2012. The CUSat satellite system consists of two functionally identical spacecraft: Top and Bottom. The two launch together and separate from each other in orbit. CUSat’s primary mission is an experiment in closedloop navigation with carrier-phase differential GPS (CDGPS), which provides centimeteraccurate knowledge of relative position and absolute attitude knowledge within 1 degree. After Top and Bottom separate from one another, both satellites will perform autonomous, GPS only relative navigation with one satellite capturing the image of the other. These images will be combined on the ground to reconstruct a 3D model of one of the satellites with sufficient resolution to verify the accuracy of CDGPS. CUSat’s mission will be the first spacecraft to demonstrate GPS only, closed-loop guidance, navigation, and control.
Fringe multiplication and thickness effects in birefringent coating: Fringe-multiplication technique can be successfully applied to birefringent-coating analysis. Duffy's correction factors for curvatures and strain gradients increased the accuracy of the present analysis

The feasibility of applying fringe-multiplication technique in birefringent-coating analysis is studied, and the conditions under which this technique can be used are discussed. The fringe-multiplication technique is then applied to birefringent-coating analysis of a plate with a central circular hole under uniaxial tension. The experimental results are then compared with Howland's analytical results for the shear-stress distribution along the minimum cross section and for normal stress distribution along the edge of the plate. Duffy's correction factors for curvatures and strain gradients are used to estimate the correction in the latter experimental results.
Spirituality and Resistance: Ursula Le Guin’s The Word for World is Forest and the Film Avatar

Avatar shares key narrative features with Ursula Le Guin’s 1972 novel The Word for World is Forest, including a depleted earth, exploitive resource extraction on another planet, and a successful revolt by the natives. Natives live in harmony with a natural world that is considered sacred and has both animistic and Gaian properties. Both works present a radical critique of modern Western society. There also are fundamental differences: The Word for World is Forest does not portray a Terran leading the revolt or joining the indigenous society, there is no romance between a Terran and a native, and the violence by the natives is unheroic and culturally damaging. While The Word for World is Forest is a dystopian novel, Avatar is apocalyptic. Both also have utopian elements, though Avatar is more optimistic than The Word for World is Forest, with its more nuanced view of our political situation.
A single-gene antagonism between mother and fetus in the mouse.

SummaryA new type of maternal-fetal incompatibility, not involving erythroblastosis, is demonstrated by reciprocal matings in mice. The conditioning factor is a recessive mutant gene named “hair-loss.” Normal-hair progeny of hair-loss mothers are ordinarily born alive but suffer excessive mortality during first 2 weeks, even when fostered by normal mothers. The syndrome consists of inadequate lung inflation, inferior growth, and fragile bones. Mortality is very high when a previous litter was being raised by the mother during pregnancy, but seems otherwise not related to parity.
iDetect: an intelligent intrusion detection system for wireless body area networks

Driven by recent technological advances in wireless communications, wireless sensors, and low power networked systems, wireless sensor networks WSNs are emerging as a promising technology in healthcare applications. Since information transmitted in these wireless body area networks WBAN often consists of critical and sensitive patient health and personal information, securing these networks is of central importance to their practical deployment in healthcare applications. The objective of this research is to design and develop intelligent intrusion detection techniques to improve security in WBAN. In this work, we propose iDetect, a multi-objective genetic algorithm based intrusion detection system IDS to provide optimal attack detection in these networks. The proposed algorithm guarantees that only those features necessary for detecting a specific attack is used in the intrusion detection process, thereby decreasing the computational complexity.
FAULT-TOLERANT ESTIMATOR DESIGN FOR UAV

A Fault-Tolerant Estimator is ob- tained from fusing the concept of fault detection with estimation. At the center of the fault-tolerant estimation procedure is a bank of fault detection fil- ters, each detecting the onset of (n/ — 1) faults. The focus of each filter design is to minimize the effect of its corresponding leftover fault on the residual; this fault is called nuisance and act as a disturbance. In the limit, the transmission of the nuisance signal is blocked, therefore it is possible to obtain state esti- mates insensitive to the onset of the nuisance fault. Using a residual screening method, the onset of a fault is announced and the fault identified. In the bank of filter, one filter is designed to be insensitive to the detected fault and therefore, the fault-tolerant state estimate reduces to that uncorrupted estimate. Previous voting schemes relied on statistical tests whereas the fault-tolerant estimator is based on a deterministic test on the local filter residuals. The performance of such a structure is tested on actua- tor faults and the quality of estimation is compared to that of a Kalman filter. Simple turbulence mod- eling allows to further test the robustness of the de- tection filters to exogenous disturbances and direct change in control efficiency allows to test the robust- ness of the fault-tolerant estimator to parameter un- certainty.
Swine as an animal model in interventional radiology in the post-genomic era

vessel walls. Ischemic injury occurs secondary to a decrease ATP as production is oxygen dependent. This disrupts cell homeostasis. Reperfusion injury is due to the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase during ischemia and the subsequent production of oxygen free radicals due to xanthine oxidase pathways. Endothelium, responds to injury by producing tissue factor triggering coagulation. Platelets respond by creating a hemostatic plug. Smooth muscle cells also respond by proliferation in the tunica media. Vascular injury is often complicated by vasospasm suggesting an association between vascular injury and impaired arteriolar tone. The mechanism is not completely understood but one study found that following injury, arteries required increased acetylcholine for relaxation suggesting that an imbalance in such factors is responsible. The no reflow phenomenon is compromised blood flow following reperfusion. This is due to cellular swelling, intravascular aggregation of cellular components of blood, and leakage into the interstitial space. The etiology includes free radical species compromising the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandins which alter the vascular tone and the dense delivery of inflammatory mediators to the ischemic tissue. Also, the decreased ATP results in disruption of the endothelium increasing permeability. Conclusion and/or Teaching Points: Vascular injury is caused by penetrating or blunt trauma leading to ischemia, and potentially reperfusion injury.
Efficacy of Oral Azithromycin in Treating Wheezy Bronchitis in Children

Objective:To observe oral azithromycin(Xishumei)in the mechanism of alleviating infantile Asthmatoid Bronchitis asthma symptoms.Method:One hundred and four children admitted with wheezy bronchitis and negative mycoplasma IgM were enrolled and randomly divided into the treatment group of 53 cases and the control group of 51 cases.The children in two groups were treated with conventional therapy including nebulization and nebulized salbutamol.Oral azithromycin 8-10 mg/(kg·d)were added to the control group.The duration of accelerated breathing,cough,pulmonary rales,hospitalization and the times of nebulized salbutamol needed were observed and compared.Result:The duration of accelerated breathing,cough,pulmonary rales and hospitalization in the treatment group were significantly shorter than those of control group,and the times of nebulized salbutamol needed in the treatment group was less than that in control group,there were statistically significant differences(P0.01).Conclusion:Combined with azithromycin(Xishumei)to relieve wheezing infants oral clinical observation is effective,easy to use.
Expression of Na-K-ATPase alpha- and beta-subunit mRNA and protein isoforms in the rat nephron

Na-K-ATPase is a heterodimeric complex composed of an alpha-catalytic and a glycosylated beta-subunit. Previous studies using in situ hybridization and Northern blot analysis to determine alpha- and beta-subunit mRNA isoform expression in the rat kidney have given conflicting results. This heterogeneity may be due to detection of alpha 2- or alpha 3-isoforms arising from nonrenal epithelial sources such as peripheral nerves or vascular smooth muscle. To address this possibility, we investigated alpha-subunit mRNA isoform expression in different nephron segments using tubule microdissection and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification. Southern blot analysis of polymerase chain reaction products using isoform-specific primers and probes detected the expression of alpha 1- and alpha 3-mRNA isoforms in whole kidney, cortical collecting ducts (CCD), and proximal tubule S2 subsegments (S2). No evidence for alpha 2 was found in kidney or microdissected CCD or S2. To determine whether alpha 1- or alpha 3-mRNA in the CCD or S2 is translated into protein, Western blot analysis of total protein from microdissected S2, CCD, medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL), or outer medullary collecting duct outer stripe (OMCDos) was performed. Total protein was separated according to size by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, then probed using polyclonal antibodies specific for the alpha 1-, alpha 2-, alpha 3-, beta 1-, and beta 2-protein isoforms. Rat brain was used as a positive control and demonstrated that the antibodies could detect a single 97- and 35-kDa band for the alpha- and beta-isoforms, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Early Identification and Early Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract In this article we provide an overview of the significant advances that have been made in the early detection and characterization of autism in the infancy and toddler period, and their impact and implications for early treatment. We begin with a brief review of current findings in early detection science, focusing particularly on relevant findings from longitudinal prospective investigations of infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This is followed by an overview of the various approaches to intervention in the infancy, toddlerhood, and early childhood period which have been shaped by advances in early detection and characterization, and the efficacy and support for these approaches. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of future directions.
Assessing the effects of language contact on Northeastern Pomo

Northeastern Pomo is one of seven mutually unintelligible Pomoan languages of California. It was the last Pomoan language identified by acadamia and the first to become extinct. No publications are devoted solely to it, and what little documentation exists is of varied quality. Scholars have nevertheless sought to determine the place of Northeastern Pomo within Pomoan for more than a century. This paper examines aspects of Northeastern Pomoan phonology and grammar and categorizes them as retentions from Proto Pomo, language-internal innovations, or contact-induced changes. On the basis of the large number of retentions and language-internal innovations, Northeastern Pomo is proposed to be a relictual speech community that separated from Proto Pomo earlier than its westernmost congeners
Absence Epilepsy Psychosocial Outcome

The long-term psychosocial outcome in 56 patients aged 18 years or older with typical absence epilepsy and 61 controls with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) was studied at the Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and the Izaak Walton Killam-Grace Health Center, and Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Exploring the limits of PET resolution with a monolithic scintillator detector

We have built and evaluated a gamma-ray imaging detector for PET and simultaneous PET-MRI with the goal of providing sub-mm spatial resolution in all 3 dimensions. It consists of a solid slab of LYSO coupled to arrays of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) on both sides. The design is relatively cost-effective because it requires minimal mechanical processing of the scintillator, and because the photosensors are relatively large resulting in a small number of readout channels. Positioning algorithms employed include simple Anger centroid and a unique maximum likelihood approach with a measured system model which was developed for a previous generation APD-based detector. The design and construction of the detector, front-end electronics, data acquisition, and data processing methods are presented. The SiPM arrays are characterized and preliminary measures of energy, timing, and spatial resolution have been obtained, indicating promising performance.
Kant on animal and human pleasure

AbstractFeeling, for any animal, is a faculty of comparing objects or representations with regard to whether they promote its vital powers (pleasure) or hinder them (displeasure). But whereas these comparisons presuppose a species-concept in non-rational animals, nature has not equipped the human being with a universal principle or life-form that would determine what agrees or disagrees with it. As humans, we must determine our mode of life for ourselves. Contrary to other interpretations, I argue that this places the human capacity for pleasure and displeasure outside of nature and in a realm of spirit.
Growth and Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 in the Presence of Potassium Benzoate or Potassium Sorbate and at Different Initial pH Values.

Experiments were done to determine how different concentrations of potassium benzoate or potassium sorbate in a glucose-yeast extract-salts medium with an initial pH value of 3.5, 4.5 or 5.5 affected growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999. The pH of the medium, weight of mycelium and amount of aflatoxin produced were determined after 3 and 7 d of incubation. Aflatoxin was determined using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Maximum concentrations of potassium sorbate and potassium benzoate that permitted growth were 0.2% and 0.4%, respectively, in a medium with an initial pH of 5.5. When the initial pH was 4.5, the maximum concentrations of potassium sorbate and potassium benzoate that permitted growth were 0.05% and 0.10%, respectively, but there was an extended lag phase. Increasing concentrations of potassium benzoate or potassium sorbate decreased amounts of aflatoxin B1 and G1 produced after 3 d in a medium with initial pH values of 5.5 or 4.5. Cultures growing in the medium containing 0.1, 0.15 or 0.20% potassium benzoate or potassium sorbate and with an initial pH of 5.5 were somewhat inhibited at 3 d of incubation, which was characterized by a slow decrease in pH, low mycelium dry weight and small amounts of accumulated aflatoxins. After 7 d these cultures overcame the initial inhibition and produced substantial amounts of aflatoxins and mycelium. This was also true for cultures growing in a medium with an initial pH of 4.5 and containing potassium benzoate or potassium sorbate. By decreasing the initial pH of the medium from 5.5 to 4.5, amounts of potassium benzoate or potassium sorbate required to achieve inhibition decreased by a factor of 10.
Plasma Procofactor Activation by Factor Xla

Abstract The procofactors FV and FVIII are activated by thrombin, FXa and plasmin. During contact pathway-initiated thrombin generation, FXIa activates FIX thus feeding into the coagulation cascade; however, the procofactors FVIII and FV must be activated to achieve a robust level of thrombin generation. We tested the hypothesis that FXIa can activate FV and FVIII. FV (1uM) was subjected to FXIa (100nM) proteolysis. During the reaction the relative activity and integrity were measured at selected time points using a one stage PT clotting assay and SDS-PAGE. Over the 60 minute time course, FV showed a transient 50% activation followed by a reduction in activity to 20%. SDS-PAGE analyses showed that proteolysis of FV by FXIa initially generated fragments with mobilities similar to those produced by α-thrombin. This activation and inactivation pattern suggested that FXIa makes the required activation cleavages at R709, R1018 and R1545 coincidently with inactivating proteolyses. FV was activated with α-thrombin and the reaction quenched by the addition of hirudin prior to FXIa proteolysis. FVa's cofactor activity was reduced by 50% after 30 min and 80% after 60 min. Analysis of the FXIa cleavage process by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions showed no intact heavy chain and significant proteolysis of the light chain after 30 minutes. In addition to the Mr = 105000 (HC) and Mr = 75000 (LC), six new products were identified by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions: Mr = 54000, 50000, 48000, 30000, 22000 and 20000. NH2-terminal sequence analysis indicated a single cleavage in the light chain at R1765 yielding the products Mr = 50000, 48000: (1766a2196) and the Mr = 30000 (1546a1764), also seen with plasmin and FXa. A cleavage in the heavy chain represented by the Mr = 22000, 20000 (R511a709) fragments is also observed. Sequence analysis determined that the Mr = 54000 fragment represented the NH2-terminus of the heavy chain. Western analysis using a heavy chain antibody showed a transient band Mr = 75000 lying under the light chain that is consistent with an initial cleavage R510. A subsequent cleavage, which is coincident with a decrease in the cofactor's activity, results in a Mr = 30000 product which is consistent with a cleavage somewhere COOH-terminal to R306(R316?). Activity analyses suggest that the initial cleavage in the heavy chain at R510 leads to a FVaXla 1 molecule with similar activity (50%) to that seen in FVa cleaved by APC in the absence of phospholipid. The FVaXla 1 was treated with APC resulting in complete inactivation of the cofactor. We have also observed an analogous FXIa cleavage pattern in FVIII; however sequencing analysis has not yet been attempted. These data suggest that factor XIa may play a role in procofactor activation and inactivation of FV and FVIII in the context of contact pathway-initiated blood coagulation. Download : Download high-res image (50KB) Download : Download full-size image
How to Reach the Optimal Traffic Safety Environment: The American Perspective

In presenting the American perspective on how to reach the optimal traffic safety environment, my focus will be on describing our successes and failures, and especially describing what made the successes possible. These remarks are offered in the hope that all of us can learn from each other, so that we can make progress on attaining the optimal level of safety for our citizens.
Skin Dysbiosis Goes "Off-Leish".

There is increasing interest in the contribution of microbes to skin disease. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Gimblet et al. (2017) demonstrate that cutaneous leishmaniasis alters the human skin microbiota. In mice, this dysbiosis is transferable to naive animals, where it augments skin inflammation and disease severity.
Geographic Information Systems: Usability, Perception, and Preferences of Public Health Professionals

Background: Analyzing and visualizing health-related databases using Geographic Information Systems (GISs) becomes essential in controlling many public health problems. Objectives: To explore the perception and preferences of public health professionals (PHPs) about the usability of GISs in public health field Methods: For this scoping review, the investigators searched Medline Ovid, PubMed, IEEE, Scopus, and GeoBase databases. A total of 105 articles were identified. Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: Iterative evaluations, training, and involvement of GIS end users are productive in GIS usability. More methodologies are needed to support the validity of GIS usability studies. The exchange of GIS technology impacts public health policy and research positively. Discussion: PHPs are aware of the use of GISs in the public health field, and the exchange of visualized health data in determining inequalities and inaccessibility issues. Conclusion: GISs are essential to control public health problems, if the related health datasets are analyzed carefully and if the mapping reports are extensively evaluated and interpreted. Keywords: Geographic Information systems, GIS, Public Health, Usability
Deformation Measurement within a Volume of Translucent Yield Stress Material Using Digital Image Correlation

This paper introduces a method of determining in-plane deformation of a translucent yield stress material (YSM) at any depth using digital image correlation. A 2D plane of uniquely shaped speckles are introduced to a volume of the YSM using a 3D printing technique. A cylindrical object, is dragged through the 2D plane at four different speeds each with four different diameters. The displacements caused by the cylinder were found and analyzed.
The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

This chapter will summarize the framework of the Rome Statute establishing the International Criminal Court, a negotiated compromise among countries of diverse legal traditions. The Court’s structure incorporates elements of both adversarial and inquisitorial proceedings, and creates an independent prosecutor with attributes drawn from both common and civil law systems. Other important aspects of the Court’s institutional structure include the Judicial Division, divided among Pre-Trial, Trial, and Appeals Chambers, and the Registry , which governs Court administration. The chapter will also explore the status of ratifications, which today includes a majority of the world’s countries but less than half of the world’s combined population and only one-third of the world’s combined military strength.
Abstract P1-01-13: Mucin-2 (Muc-2) modulates the biology of breast cancer

Background: Metastasis and therapeutic resistance are major issues in treating patients with breast cancer. Breast tumors that secrete mucus are generally resistant to chemotherapy. One type of secreted mucin, Mucin-2 (Muc2), is expressed in some breast cancers, but is absent in non-neoplastic breast tissue, suggesting that it plays a role in modulating breast cancer biology. Whether Muc2 expression correlates with breast cancer patient survival is controversial. Thus, the effects of Muc2 on the biology of breast cancer are largely unknown. This study examined the role of Muc2 in modulating breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, response to chemotherapy, and metastasis. Methods: Two novel cell lines were developed from patient derived tumor xenografts. These two cell lines, BCK4 and PT12, both express high levels of Muc2. In order to modulate Muc2 levels in both cell lines, shRNA targeted to Muc2 (shMuc2) were compared to non-targeting control shRNA (shNT). Decreased expression of Muc2 was confirmed using immunoblotting. Proliferation in vitro was measured using the IncuCyte live cell imaging system and crystal violet staining. Response to chemotherapy was measured by examining apoptosis using cleaved-caspase 3 expression. BCK4 and PT12 cells with shNT or shMuc2 were grown as solid tumors in immunocompromised mice and tumor volume measured by caliper. BCK4 cells with high Muc2 (shNT) and low Muc2 (shMuc2) were labeled with luciferase and examined in an experimental metastasis model where total disease was monitored by IVIS imaging. Results: Decreased Muc2 expression decreased proliferation in BCK4 and PT12 cells versus non-targeting control cells both in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with the chemotherapeutic Docetaxel induced minimal apoptosis in BCK4 control cells with high Muc2 however, apoptosis was significantly increased in BCK4 cells with reduced Muc2. In an experimental metastasis model, mice injected with BCK4 cells containing low Muc2 had decreased disease burden versus those injected with control cells with high Muc2. Endogenous Muc2 expression in wild-type BCK4 cells increased with addition of EGF and this effect was abolished by addition of the EGF-receptor inhibitor, Erlotinib. Conclusions: Muc2 expression plays an important role in mediating proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis of breast cancer cells. These data suggest that Muc2 is important in controlling the biology of Muc2 positive breast tumors. In addition, Muc2 may be important in guiding treatment and predicting outcomes in breast cancer patients. Citation Format: Astashchanka A, Shroka T, Jacobsen BM. Mucin-2 (Muc-2) modulates the biology of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-13.
Paris Interobserver Reproducibility Study (PIRST).

Objectives In concert with the 2015 publication of The Paris System for Urinary Cytopathology (TPS), a Web-based interobserver study, co-sponsored by the American Society of Cytopathology (ASC) and International Academy of Cytology (IAC), was performed to determine diagnostic agreement among volunteer participants and with the TPS author consensus. Material and Methods Participants at various levels of training and certification were recruited through national and international cytopathology professional societies. Although the survey was open to all comers, potential participants were screened by two basic cytopathology questions. Information was collected on the level of training, practice patterns, and experience. Study participants evaluated 85 images (previously unpublished) chosen from the TPS atlas. These images spanned all diagnostic categories. Results Of the 1993 attempts to access the survey, 1313 participants correctly answered the qualifying questions and were included in the survey. Respondents were concentrated in the United States, although many participants came from other countries. The majority of respondents were board-certified in anatomic pathology with cytopathology certification. A smaller number were cytotechnologists. Board-certified cytopathologists and specialist cytotechnologists outperformed other certifications. Practice type (academics versus non-academic), and country (US versus international) were not major factors in concordance. Diagnostic categories with the best agreement were Negative for High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma (NHGUC; 71%), Low-Grade Urothelial Neoplasm (LGUN; 62%), and High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma (HGUC; 57%). Indeterminate categories showed low concordance. Conclusions The NHGUC, LGUN, and HGUC were most correlated with diagnostic agreement among observers. This study can serve as a baseline for future comparisons.
Individual and Group Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy has had an important role in the development of residential and inpatient hospital treatment of emotionally disturbed children. Noshpitz (1971) pointed out that psychotherapy was introduced in two ways. The first situation involved therapists placing children in individual treatment away from their homes in an effort to reduce the stress of the family environment. In this case, the residential setting was an adjunct to the psychotherapy. The second situation involved the introduction of part-time and full-time adjunctive staff to orphanages. These professionals, usually social workers, began seeing these children in psychotherapy.
Evaluation Of Iron Aluminide Coatings For Oxidation Protection In Water Vapor Environment

Long-term (> 10,000h) oxidation behavior of aluminide coatings made by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or pack cementation on representative ferritic (Fe-9Cr-1Mo) and austenitic (type 304L stainless steel) are being studied in air + 10% water vapor in the temperature range of 650-800 C. Unlike the uncoated alloys, which are severely attacked in this environment, the CVD aluminide coatings have not failed after 16,000h at 700 C or 10,000h at 800 C. The pack aluminide coatings also show good oxidation protection after testing for {approx}5,000h at 700 C. In addition, initial efforts have been made to fabricate coatings at lower aluminizing temperatures and the current results suggest that FeAl coatings can be synthesized at temperatures as low as 700 C.
Chapter 1 – England

This chapter offers an introduction to the English criminal justice system. The major components of the system—the police, judiciary, law, corrections, and juvenile justice—are surveyed, along with an overview of the country’s political system. The organization and administration of the various components are described, the various roles of the practitioners are explained, the legal process is examined, and reference is made to some of the areas of concern within the system.
Introductory words about TWEAK/Fn14.

In the past decade, the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor FGF-inducible molecule-14 (Fn14) have emerged as a ligand/receptor pair of the TNF superfamily that is prominently featured in the physiological and patho-physiological remodeling of tissues [1, 2].
Treatment of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a complex epilepsy of childhood characterised by an EEG demonstrating slow spike and wave complexes, multiple seizure types and cognitive impairment. Control of seizures is difficult, and the effectiveness of established anticon-vulsants is often disappointing. In the past few years, many new medications have been introduced for the treatment of partial epilepsy in adults. Emerging evidence suggests that some of these agents are also useful in LGS. Felbamate has been shown to be effective in a large controlled clinical trial, although its use is limited by life-threatening idiosyncratic reactions. Lamotrigine and topiramate have recently been shown in prospective controlled trials to be beneficial and well tolerated in patients with LGS. Vigabatrin appears to be particularly useful in children with underlying tuberous sclerosis. Novel neuroprotective strategies may be tested in the near future. The ketogenic diet has empirical efficacy in some children with intractable seizures. Vagal nerve stimulation is currently being tested in LGS, and preliminary data are encouraging. Anterior callosotomy may provide an improved quality of life in children with frequent ‘drop attacks’. These pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to the treatment of LGS offer new hope to patients and their families.
Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentration and radiographic tumor burden in patents with glioblastoma (GBM).

2048Background: Distinguishing between radiographic pseudoprogression and true tumor progression is a significant challenge in patients with GBM. A non-invasive means of assessing GBM disease activ...
Test Study on Noise of Filter Capacitors Based on Different Harmonic Injection Conditions

In order to measure the noise of the ac filter capacitor accurately and reduce the requirement of the test power source and other equipment in the condition of accurately measurement. This paper is based on the noise test of filter capacitor in Changji -Guquan $\pm \mathbf{1100kV}$ HVDC project, Based on the bridge circuit injected three different kind of current condition on three different filter capacitor. The three different kind of current condition are these: Full harmonic currents, the former three main harmonic currents and the 70% full harmonic currents of Changji -Guquan $\pm\mathbf{1100kV}$ HVDC project. The test date show the sound press level and the sound power level are quite near on full harmonic currents inject condition and he former three main harmonic currents inject condition, the maximum difference is 0.4dB. Compare the sound level of full harmonic currents inject condition with the date calculated by the 70% full harmonic currents inject condition, the correctness of the formula is verified. Can use the former three main harmonic currents condition to do the noise test or lower the full harmonic currents ratio to do the test and use the formula calculate the sound power of the filter capacitor.
Administration of antineoplastic drugs and fecundity in female nurses.

Background We examined the association between the administration of antineoplastic drugs (AD) and fecundity among female nurses. Methods AD administration and use of exposure controls (EC) such as gloves, gowns, and needleless systems were self-reported at baseline among 2649 participants of the Nurses' Health Study 3, who were actively attempting pregnancy. Every 6 months thereafter, the nurses reported the current duration of their pregnancy attempt. Multivariable accelerated failure time models were used to estimate time ratios (TR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, race, body mass index, smoking, marital status, hours of work, and other occupational risk factors. Results Mean (standard deviation) age and BMI at baseline were 30.7 years (4.7) and 26.0 kg/m2 (6.4). Forty-one percent of nurses reported ever administering AD; 30% only in the past and 11% currently. The former administration of AD (TR = 1.02, 95% CI, 0.93-1.12) was unrelated to the ongoing duration of pregnancy attempt. Among nurses currently administering AD, those who had administered AD for 6 years and above had a 27% (95% CI, 6%-53%) longer duration of pregnancy attempt than nurses who never handled ADs in unadjusted analyses. This difference disappeared in multivariable analyses (TR = 1.01, 95% CI, 0.85-1.21). 93% (n = 270) of the nurses currently administering ADs reported consistent use of EC. These nurses had a similar median duration of pregnancy attempt to those who never handled AD (TR = 1.00, 95% CI, 0.87-1.15). Conclusions Administration of ADs did not appear to have an impact on fecundity in a cohort of nurses planning for pregnancy with a high prevalence of consistent ECs. Our results may not be generalizable to women who are less compliant with PPE use or with less availability to ECs. Therefore, it is possible that we did not observe an association between occupational exposure to AD and reduced fecundity because of lower exposure due to the more prevalent use of effective ECs.
In Operando Monitoring of Dynamic Recovery in 3D-Printed Thermoset Nanocomposites by XPCS.

Extrusion-based additive manufacturing methods, such as direct-write of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy inks, have become an attractive route toward development of structural composites in recent yea...
National Experience on Down-Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Before Liver Transplant: Influence of Tumor Burden, Alpha-Fetoprotein, and Wait Time.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) recently implemented a national policy granting priority listing for liver transplantation (LT) in patients who achieved down-staging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to Milan criteria. We aimed to evaluate the national experience on down-staging by comparing two down-staging groups with (1) tumor burden meeting UNOS down-staging (UNOS-DS) inclusion criteria and (2) "all-comers" (AC-DS) with initial tumor burden beyond UNOS-DS criteria versus patients always within Milan. APPROACH AND RESULTS This is a retrospective analysis of the UNOS database of 3,819 patients who underwent LT from 2012 to 2015, classified as always within Milan (n = 3,276), UNOS-DS (n = 422), and AC-DS (n = 121). Median time to LT was 12.8 months in long wait regions, 6.5 months in mid wait regions (MWR), and 2.6 months in short wait regions (SWR). On explant, vascular invasion was found in 23.7% of AC-DS versus 16.9% of UNOS-DS and 14.4% of Milan (P = 0.002). Kaplan-Meier 3-year post-LT survival was 83.2% for Milan, 79.1% for UNOS-DS (P = 0.17 vs. Milan), and 71.4% for AC-DS (P = 0.04 vs. Milan). Within down-staging groups, risk of post-LT death in multivariable analysis was increased in SWR or MWR (hazard ratio [HR], 3.1; P = 0.005) and with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ≥ 100 ng/mL at LT (HR, 2.4; P = 0.009). The 3-year HCC recurrence probability was 6.9% for Milan, 12.8% for UNOS-DS, and 16.7% for AC-DS (P < 0.001). In down-staging groups, AFP ≥ 100 (HR, 2.6; P = 0.02) was the only independent predictor of HCC recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Our results validated UNOS-DS criteria based on comparable 3-year survival between UNOS-DS and Milan groups. Additional refinements based on AFP and wait time may further improve post-LT outcomes in down-staging groups, especially given that reported 3-year recurrence was higher than in those always within Milan criteria.
Gender and Gambling Behaviors: a Comprehensive Analysis of (Dis)Similarities

Gambling is a gendered activity. Yet, the majority of research focuses on males and treatment seeking/clinical populations—a population that is fundamentally distinct from and ungeneralizable to non-treatment seekers. The objective of this article is to tease out the characteristics that discriminate the subtypes of gambling behavior by gender based on a representative sample of a population. In 2013–2014, 9523 Massachusetts adults completed a survey examining their past year gambling behavior based on the Problem and Pathological Gambling Measure (PPGM). Unlike male at-risk gamblers, female at-risk gamblers are likely to play bingo and have anxiety and/or depression. Unlike female at-risk gamblers, male at-risk gamblers gamble to “feel good” about themselves. Unlike males, female problem/pathological gamblers are more likely to have a problem with drugs or alcohol in the past 12 months. Unlike females, male problem/pathological gamblers are more likely to have unhappier childhoods, gamble online, and identify as Hispanic. Demographic, health-related, and gambling-related discriminators are largely the same for female and male gambling subtype behaviors. There are, however, a few defining characteristics that differentiate females and males in terms of the likelihood of experiencing problematic gambling behavior.
Wiera: Policy-Driven Multi-Tiered Geo-Distributed Cloud Storage System

Multi-tiered geo-distributed cloud storage systems must tame complexity at many levels: uniform APIs for storage access, supporting flexible storage policies that meet a wide array of application metrics, determining an optimal data placement, handling uncertain network dynamics and access dynamism, and operating across many levels of heterogeneity both within and across data-centers (DCs). In this paper, we present an integrated solution called Wiera. Wiera enables the specification of data management policies both within a local DC and across DCs. Such policies enable the user to optimize for cost, performance, reliability, durability, and consistency, and to express their tradeoffs. In addition, Wiera determines an optimal data placement for the user to meet their desired tradeoffs easily in such an environment. A key aspect of Wiera is first-class support for dynamism due to network, workload, and access patterns changes. As far as we know, Wiera is the first geo-distributed cloud storage system which handles dynamism actively at run-time. Wiera allows unmodified applications to reap the benefits of flexible data/storage policies by externalizing the policy specification. We show how Wiera enables a rich specification of dynamic policies using a concise notation and describe the design and implementation of the system. We have implemented a Wiera prototype on multiple cloud environments, AWS and Azure, that illustrates potential benefits from managing dynamics and in using multiple cloud storage tiers both within and across DCs.
Analysis of Coordinated Control Strategy for Large-scale Renewable Energy VSCHVDC Integration

When a large-scale renewable energy source is connected to a VSC-HVDC grid and the VSC-HVDC system is used for long-distance transmission, the operational characteristics of the renewable energy and the VSC-HVDC grid will affect each other. The adaptability of the renewable energy to the VSC-HVDC grid will become an important factor affecting the operation of the grid. China has built the Nanao three-terminal VSC-HVDC project, the Zhoushan five-terminal VSC-HVDC project, and the two- terminal of the Xiamen VSC-HVDC project. Breakthroughs have been made in the impact of AC/DC system interconnection and key equipment technologies for VSC-HVDC transmission systems, especially VSC-HVDC converters and control protection technology. This paper focuses on the two main problems with renewable energy island integration. The first problem is how the VSC-HVDC grid provides a stable AC voltage to the renewable energy source without AC grid support. The second issue is how to maintain the energy balance of the VSC-HVDC system in the event of a fault. When the receiving end fails, the power energy cannot be sent out. When the sending end fails, the energy will accumulate in the VSC-HVDC grid. The resulting overvoltage and overcurrent problems require new control protection technology to will be introduced in this paper.
The Epidemiological Implications of Incarceration Dynamics in Jails for Community, Corrections Officer, and Incarcerated Population Risks from COVID-19

Abstract COVID-19 challenges the daily function of nearly every institution of society. It is the duty of any society to be responsive to such challenges by relying on the best tools and logic available to analyze the costs and benefits of any mitigative action. We here provide a mathematical model to explore the epidemiological consequences of allowing standard intake and unaltered within-jail operational dynamics to be maintained during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and contrast this with proposed interventions to reduce the burden of negative health outcomes. In this way, we provide estimates of the infection risks, and likely loss of life, that arise from current incarceration practices. We provide estimates for in-custody deaths and show how the within-jail dynamics lead to spill-over risks, not only affecting the incarcerated people, but increasing the exposure, infection, and death rates for both corrections officers with whom they interact within the jail system, and the broader community beyond the justice system. We show that, given a typical jail-community dynamic, operating in a business as usual way will result in significant and rapid loss of life. Large scale reductions in arrest and speeding of releases are likely to save the lives of incarcerated people, staff and the community at large.
Association between industry payments for opioid products and physicians' prescription of opioids: observational study with propensity-score matching.

Background Industry marketing to physicians for opioids has received substantial attention as it can potentially influence physicians’ prescription of opioids. However, robust evidence demonstrating a causal link between industry payments for opioids and physicians’ prescription practice for opioids is lacking. Methods Using the national databases of physicians treating Medicare beneficiaries, we examined the association between physicians’ receipt of opioid-related industry payments in 2016 and (1) the number of opioids prescribed and (2) the annual expenditures for the opioid products by those physicians in 2017, using propensity-score matching in a 1:1 ratio adjusting for the physician characteristics (sex, years in practice, medical school attended, specialty), the number of opioid prescriptions in 2016, and physicians’ financial relationships with industry in 2015. We compared matched pairs of physicians using the estimated effect and paired t-test. Results Among 43 778 physicians included after propensity-score matching, physicians who received opioid-related industry payments in 2016 prescribed more opioids (153.8 vs 129.7; adjusted difference (95% CI), 24.1 (19.1 to 29.1)) and accounted for more spending due to opioids ($10 476 vs $6983; adjusted difference (95% CI), $3493 (2854 to 4134)) in 2017, compared with physicians who did not receive payments. The association was larger among primary care physicians than surgeons or specialists. The dose–response analysis revealed that even a small amount of industry payments was sufficient to effectively affect physicians’ prescription practice of opioids. Conclusions Opioid-related industry payments to physicians in the prior year were associated with a higher number of opioid prescriptions and expenditures for opioid products in the subsequent year.
Chapter 220 – Regulatory Entomology

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates the regulatory entomology. It is concerned with preventing the unwanted movement of insects and related invertebrates from areas where they occur to areas where they do not occur. Nonnative species have caused untold amounts of damage to crops, homes, environments, and persons. Officials in regional, state, or national governments achieve this goal with a five-component prevention program of exclusion, detection, eradication, identification, and public awareness. Exclusion is the primary prevention level. It uses phytosanitary regulations, including quarantines and other legal actions, to prevent the introduction of the quarantine pests. Detection is the secondary prevention level, which uses visual surveys or traps to find infestations of quarantine pests that have penetrated the exclusion barriers. Identification provides the name of the invading organism and information about its biology. It also provides intelligence to assist exclusion and eradication activities. Eradication is the tertiary prevention level. Eradication is the elimination of populations of quarantine pests found by the detection program. Public awareness strives to make the citizens aware of the regulatory laws concerning the importation of quarantine pests and items and enlists their cooperation in making the prevention efforts successful. The components work together much like a ladder with exclusion, detection, and eradication being the rungs, which are held together by identification and public awareness. Working together, these components can prevent the unwanted immigration of quarantine pests.
Antibiotics for Emerging Pathogens

Antibiotics are organic small molecules, many of which are from natural sources, which are used to treat human infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms. While most validated antibiotics are initially very useful clinically, the pathogenic microorganisms that these compounds target are able to evade the action of the antibiotic by development of resistance mechanisms, which eventually render these antibiotics ineffective. Moreover, these resistance mechanisms can be passed on among different types of bacteria in a very simplistic manner that further compromises the usefulness of antibiotics. As a consequence, many diseases that were thought to have been eradicated by antibiotics (such as tuberculosis) have reemerged within these antibiotic-resistant strains. Hence, there is a constant need for the development of new and better antibiotic molecules that can be used to target these drug-resistant microbial populations.