cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceiving Wisdom: Do Age and Gender Play a Part?

The wisdom perceived to be possessed by videotaped individuals of varying ages was evaluated using the Smith and Baltes definition of wisdom [1]. The Life-Planning Tasks (work-family dilemmas) and corresponding think-aloud protocols (responses) developed by Smith and Baltes were transformed into videotape stimuli to assess the presence of wisdom. Using an instrument derived from the Smith and Baltes description of wisdom, undergraduate respondents evaluated the wisdom they perceived to be contained in videotaped responses to Life-Planning Tasks. The age of the Life-Planning Task respondent was manipulated as either older or younger. A significant interaction between the age and gender of the videotape respondents and an interpretation of its effect on the perception of wisdom is discussed. Correlational results reveal a positive relationship between the lay person's definition of wisdom and that which was derived from Smith and Baltes.
MSX2 expression in the apical ectoderm ridge is regulated by an MSX2 and Dlx5 binding site

The apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is a specialized ectodermal region essential for limb outgrowth. Msx2 expression patterns in limb development strongly suggest an important role for Msx2 in the AER. Our previous studies identified a 348-bp fragment of the chicken Msx2 gene with AER enhancer activity. In this study, the functions of four potential homeodomain binding TAAT sites in this enhancer were studied using transgenic mice and in vitro protein-DNA interactions. Transgenic studies indicate that the four TAAT sites are not redundant and that only the B-TAAT site is critical for AER enhancer activity. The expression patterns of Msx2 and Dlx5 genes in the AER suggest that they might be involved in the regulation of Msx2. In support of this hypothesis, we found that Msx2 and Dlx5 can bind to the B-TAAT site as well as to a fragment containing the D- and E-TAAT sites in the Msx2 AER enhancer sequences. (c)2002 Elsevier Science (USA).
Ocular Torsion Reveals the Mechanisms of Cyclovertical Strabismus The Weisenfeld Lecture

In the mid 1970s, during my ophthalmology training at Johns Hopkins, the mechanisms involved in the common horizontal misalignments of the eyes (horizontal strabismus) were reasonably well understood. At least the muscles involved were known. But even the common forms of cyclovertical strabismus were poorly understood: overacting /underacting oblique muscles, “A” and “V” patterns, dissociated vertical deviation, and congenital superior oblique paresis. Over the course of my career, the key to understanding the mechanisms involved in these forms of cyclovertical strabismus has been ocular torsion. This is a chronologic story of how I came to appreciate ocular torsion, learned how to measure it, and with a succession of colleagues have been able to use the torsional positions and torsional movements of the eyes to gain useful insight into the mechanisms involved in these forms of cyclovertical strabismus. Some of the “truths” that I believe we have discovered will seem very speculative to many— almost “leaps of faith.” As we continue to seek further evidence for the theories presented here, I frequently recall the “three stages of truth” attributed to the 19th-century philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer: “All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. And third, it is accepted as being selfevident.” My hope is that there will prove to be something new and valuable in what I have to say, valuable enough to withstand the test of time.
Abstract 4546: COX-2 inhibitors arrest prostate cancer cell cycle progression by downregulation of kinetochore/centromere proteins

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Epidemiologic studies likewise revealed a decreased incidence of prostate cancer in patients taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and selective COX-2 inhibitors. Previous in vitro studies have shown that inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) arrests cancer cell growth. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the growth arrest effect of COX-2 inhibition remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment with the COX-2 inhibitors celecoxib and CAY10404 significantly inhibited prostate cancer LNCaP cell proliferation. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed the cell cycle arrested at the G2/M phase and immunofluorescent staining indicated that inhibition of COX-2 prevented the cells from entering into mitosis. Further biochemical analysis showed that inhibition of COX-2 induced a dramatic down-regulation of key proteins in the kinetochore/centromere assembly, such as ZWINT, Cdc20, Ndc80, CENP-A, Bub1 and Plk1. Furthermore, the EP1 receptor antagonist SC51322 produced similar effects to the COX-2 inhibitors on LNCaP cell proliferation and down-regulation of kinetochore/centromere proteins, which did not occur in the EP2, EP3 and EP4 receptor antagonists, suggesting the COX-2 inhibitors arrest the cell proliferation and down-regulate kinetochore/centromere proteins through inactivation of the EP1 receptor. Our studies indicate that inhibition of COX-2 can arrest prostate cancer cell growth through inactivation of the EP1 receptor signaling and down-regulation of kinetochore / centromere proteins. Citation Format: Jared Bieniek, Chandra Childress, Matthew Swatski, Wannian Yang. COX-2 inhibitors arrest prostate cancer cell cycle progression by downregulation of kinetochore/centromere proteins. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4546. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4546
A three level location-inventory problem with correlated demand

This paper considers a three level location-inventory problem where demand across the retailers is assumed to be correlated. We first present a reformulation scheme by which the initial formulation is transformed into a mixed integer conic quadratic program. In addition, we propose a solution approach based on an outer approximation strategy and show the algorithmic advantage of such framework for this class of programs. The results from numerical experiments show that the proposed solution procedure clearly outperforms state-of-the-art commercial solvers. In addition, we show that neglecting the effect of correlation can lead to substantially sub-optimal solutions.
An experimental test of the egg‐ratio method with instantaneous birth rate as an independent variable

Presentation de 3 modeles permettant de calculer le taux de naissance a partir du ratio des oeufs d'une femelle, dans une population determinee du Rotifere Brachionus calyciflorus
A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Science Achievement and Science Attitude: Kindergarten through College.

A meta-analysis of research results for correlation between science achievement and attitude was conducted. Forty-three studies were utilized and 15 variables were coded for each correlation found in each study, yielding 280 coefficients. Overall relationship is moderate (0.16), with differences between elementary, junior high, senior high, and college subjects. Causal ordering results support achievement causing attitude in grades three to eight and mixed results thereafter. Sex differences exist through high school. Other effects are mixed across grade level.
Pelvic-fracture urethral injury in children

Objective To review paediatric posterior urethral injuries and the current potential management options; because urethral injury due to pelvic fracture in children is rare and has a low incidence, the management of this type of trauma and its complications remains controversial.
Part II. Planning and implementing integrated information services. Integration and outreach: Integrated Academic Information Management Systems (IAIMS) at Maryland

The University of Maryland Campus for the Professions is now realizing the first benefits of integrated academic information management systems (IAIMS). With the support of the National Library of Medicine, the information Resources Management Division has joined with the Health Sciences Library to plan and to implement change. Within the information utility concept, networked data communications and end-user computing function as the means to integration. Plans call for new 370-based software to extend system capabilities. Mechanisms for outreach ensure that the potential of integration is realized. These mechanisms include technology assisted learning centers, informatics program development, special programs (geriatrics, hypertension pilot), and new applications (conferencing system, voice mail, videodisc development, interinstitutional resource sharing).
An automated approach for planning mass tactical airborne operations

This paper develops an automated approach to plan for mass tactical airborne operations. This proposed tool enables the user to properly load aircraft according to the mission and user specifications, so that the minimum amount of time is required to seize all assigned objectives. The methodology is based on a hybrid approach in which the first portion is a mathematical model that provides the optimal manifest under “perfect conditions”. This mathematical model is represented by a transportation network, and can be optimized using a transportation algorithm. The optimum solution from the mathematical model is input to a simulation model that introduces the inherent variability induced by wind conditions, drift, aircraft location and speed, and delays between jumper exit times. The simulation returns the expected, best, and worst arrival times to the assigned objectives. This hybrid approach allows a large problem to be solved efficiently with a great deal of time saving.
Drain current control in a hybrid molecular/MOSFET device

Abstract We have developed a hybrid molecular/MOSFET, which is sensitive to the presence of a molecular layer attached to its surface. The application of the molecular layer was investigated by observing changes in the threshold current of the device. A significant shift in the threshold voltage was attributed to an increase in the electron charge density in the MOSFET channel, resulting from an increase in the positive fixed charge at the native oxide surface. A numerical simulation supports this conclusion. It is speculated that the molecules protonate the surface of the SiO 2 due to the higher acidity of the molecular groups compared to that of the native oxide. To assess the validity of this hypothesis a series of molecules with similar structure but with different acidities (p K a values) were investigated. Preliminary results showing the systematic variation of Δ V th and p K a are presented.
A stable blue non-metallic co-pigment complex of delphanin and C-glycosylflavones in Prof. Blaauw Iris

Abstract The pigment of Prof. Blaauw Iris is a stable blue non-metallic co-pigment complex of C -glycosylflavones and the anhydro-base of delphanin [delphinidin 3-( p -coumaroylrutinoside)-5-glucoside]. At a concentration comparable to that within the plant cell the reconstituted complex is stable and has an absorption spectrum matching that of the intact cell. The blue pigment is associated with a pectin and the co-pigment C -glycosylflavones are 6- C -β- d -glucopyranosylgenkwanin (swertisin), O -xylosylswertisin, 8- C -β- d -glucopyranosylapigenin (vitexin), 6- C -β- d -glucopyranosylluteolin (iso-orientin) and 6- C -β- d -glucopyranosyl-7- O -methylluteolin (swertiajaponin).
Boundaries of Holomorphic 1-Chains Within Holomorphic Line Bundles over $\mathbb{CP}^{1}$

We show that boundaries of holomorphic 1-chains within holomorphic line bundles of \(\mathbb{CP}^{1}\) can be characterized using a single generating function of Wermer moments.
Can a rational agent afford to be affectless? A formal approach

In this article, we expose some of the issues raised by the critics of the neoclassical approach to rational agent modeling and we propose a formal approach for the design of artificial rational agents that includes some of the functions of emotions found in the human system. We suggest that emotions and rationality are closely linked in the human mind (and in the body, for that matter) and, therefore, need to be included in architectures for designing rational artificial agents, whether these agents are to interact with humans, to model humans' behaviors and actions, or both. We describe an Affective Knowledge Representation (AKR) scheme to represent emotion schemata, which we developed to guide the design of a variety of socially intelligent artificial agents. Our approach focuses on the notion of "social expertise" of socially intelligent agents in terms of their external behavior and internal motivational goal-based abilities. AKR, which uses probabilistic frames, is derived from combining multiple em...
Routine mechanical ventricular assist following the Norwood procedure--improved neurologic outcome and excellent hospital survival.

Abstract Background Although excellent survival following the Norwood procedure for palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is being achieved by some, most centers, especially the ones with small surgical volume and limited experience, continue to struggle with initial results. Survivors often showed evidence of significant neurologic injury. The early postoperative care is labor-intensive as attempts are made to balance the systemic and pulmonary circulation for these infants. We report our experience with routine use of mechanical circulatory assist to support the increased cardiac output requirements present following Norwood procedure. Methods Eighteen consecutive infants undergoing Norwood operation for HLHS (Oregon Health & Science University [OHSU] 13; University of Louisville [UL] 5) were placed on a ventricular assist device (VAD) immediately following modified ultrafiltration in the operating room using the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) cannulas that were in the right atrium and the neoaorta. VAD flows were maintained at approximately 200 mL · kg −1 · min −1 and the patients were transported to the intensive care unit (ICU). Patients operated at OHSU also received neurodevelopmental testing before their Glenn procedure, approximately 4 to 6 months following their Norwood operation. Results All patients were stable on VAD support and no attempt was made to balance the systemic and pulmonary circulation. The ventilator was manipulated to achieve systemic Pa0 2 between 30 and 45 mm Hg and PaC0 2 between 35 and 45 mm Hg. Evidence of hypoperfusion (increasing lactates) was managed by increasing the VAD flow. Lactates normalized [ Conclusions Routine postoperative use of VAD can support the increased cardiac output demands of infants following Norwood operation and results in a stable postoperative convalescence that does not require aggressive ventilator or inotrope manipulation. Although not a panacea, this strategy can simplify postoperative management, lead to excellent hospital survival, and possibly augment cerebral oxygen delivery, resulting in improved neurologic outcomes for this challenging group of patients.
Global Trend in Electronics Manufacturing

The global trend in electronics manufacturing was reviewed in this paper. First, the global landscape for lead-free soldering and environmental compliance was outlined. This was followed by a discussion of the packaging and assembly technologies in the electronics industry. The impact on the supply chain was also discussed
The influence of early-phase remodeling events on the biomechanical properties of engineered vascular tissues

Objectives During the last decade, the use of ex vivo–derived materials designed as implant scaffolds has increased significantly. This is particularly so in the area of regenerative medicine, or tissue engineering, where the natural chemical and biomechanical properties have been shown to be advantageous. By focusing on detailed events that occur during early-phase remodeling processes, our objective was to detail progressive changes in graft biomechanics to further our understanding of these processes. Methods A perfusion bioreactor system and acellular human umbilical veins were used as a model three-dimensional vascular scaffold on which human myofibroblasts were seeded and cultured under static or defined pulsatile conditions. Cell function in relation to graft mechanical properties was assessed. Results Cells doubled in density from approximately 1 × 10 6 to 2 ± 0.4 × 10 6 cells/cm ringlet, whereas static cultures remained unchanged. The material's compressive stiffness and ultimate tensile strength remained unchanged in both static and dynamic systems. However the Young's modulus values increased significantly in the physiologic range, whereas in the failure range, a significant reduction (66%) was shown under dynamic conditions. Conclusions As pulse and flow conditions are modulated, complex mechanical changes are occurring that modify the elastic modulus differentially in both physiologic and failure ranges. Mechanical properties play an important role in graft patency, and a dynamic relationship between structure and function occurs during graft remodeling. These investigations have shown that as cells migrate into this ex vivo scaffold model, significant variation in material elasticity occurs that may have important implications in our understanding of early-stage vascular remodeling events.
Participants' reactions to components of a rapid-treatment workshop for sexual dysfunction.

Abstract As part of a follow-up evaluation participants in a short-term rapid treatment program for sexual dysfunction were asked to respond to items soliciting their reactions to program procedures and exercises. These questions were not designed as the sole evaluative instrument for the workshop, but rather as an additional attempt to explore an important process variable–participants' attitudes toward treatment. This article includes a description of the intervention procedures and summary tables of participants' reactions. Findings suggest that attitudinal information collected directly from participants can be valuable in evaluating and modifying the therapeutic process.
The late Pleistocene geomagnetic field as recorded by sediments from Fargher Lake, Washington, U.S.A.

Measurement of the remanent magnetization of a 6.88-m oriented core of soft sediments and tephras from Fargher Lake near Mount St. Helens in southwestern Washington State shows that no significant geomagnetic reversals were recorded in the sediments of the lake. Radiocarbon and palynological dating of the tephra layers from the lake bed indicates deposition during the interval 17, 000–34, 000 years B.P. although geochemical correlation of a prominent tephra layer in the core with tephra set C of Mount St. Helens could mean that the maximum age of the sediments may be at least 36, 000 years B.P. The core was divided into specimens 0.02 m long, each representing approximately 55 years of deposition assuming a constant rate of sedimentation. Pilot alternating field demagnetization studies of every tenth specimen indicated a strong, stable remanence with median destructive field of 15 mT, and the remaining specimens were subsequently demagnetized in fields of this strength. The mean inclination for all specimens exclusive of the unstably magnetized muck and peat from near the surface is 56.1° which is 8° shallower than the present axial dipole field at this site, perhaps because of inclination error in the detrital remanent magnetization of the sediments, although because of the variability in the data, this departure from the axial dipole field may not be significant. The ranges of inclination and declination are comparable to those of normal secular variation at northern latitudes. Although three isolated specimens have remanence with negative inclination, these anomalous directions are due to sampling and depositional effects. Measurement of a second core of 6.86 m length also revealed only normal magnetic polarity, but this result is of little stratigraphic value as this core failed to penetrate the distinctive tephra found near the base of the former core. Studies of a concentrate of the magnetic minerals in the sediments by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction indicate that the primary magnetic constituent is an essentially pure magnetite of detrital origin. The magnetite occurs in a wide range of grain sizes with much of it of sub-multidomain size (< 15 μm). As a whole, this study provides substantial evidence against the existence of large-scale worldwide geomagnetic reversals during the time interval of Fargher Lake sedimentation, a segment of geological time for which many excursions and reversals have been reported elsewhere.
Effects of Lasalocid in Milk Replacer or Calf Starter on Health and Performance of Calves Challenged with Eimeria Species

Holstein bull calves (n = 48) were purchased from local sale barns at 3 to 7 d of age and were assigned randomly to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of lasalocid in milk replacer (0 or 80 mg/kg) and in calf starter (3 or 44 mg/kg of dry matter). On d 10 after arrival, calves were orally dosed with 100,000 Eimeria oocysts. Intakes of calf starter and milk replacer, body weight (BW), BW gain, excretion of fecal oocysts, and fecal scores were determined. Calves fed lasalocid in milk replacer consumed more calf starter, had greater BW gain, shed fewer oocysts in feces, and scoured less frequently and less severely than did calves fed no lasalocid or those fed lasalocid in calf starter alone. The combination of lasalocid in milk replacer and in calf starter did not improve performance above that of calves fed lasalocid in milk replacer alone. Low intake of calf starter prior to weaning may provide an insufficient amount of lasalocid to control effectively the effects of coccidiosis when calves are infected with Eimeria at an early age. Use of coccidiostats in milk replacers may reduce the effects of coccidiosis in young calves that are infected with Eimeria at an early age.
Tuatara: biology and conservation of a venerable survivor

Oh, tuatara, why do we love you so?In 2003 I had the thrill of a lifetime, getting to stay for five days on Stephens Island, where toots (as I was told they are called by a mischievous Australian) ...
Limit cycle prediction for ballooning strings

This paper uses the Hopf bifurcation and center manifold theorems to predict the limit cycles of ballooning strings observed in many textile manufacturing processes. The steady state and linearized solutions of the non-linear governing equations are reviewed. The non-linear dynamic equations are discretized and projected to a finite-dimensional linear normal mode space, resulting in a set of non-linearly coupled but linearly uncoupled ordinary differential equations. The first two equations, corresponding to the lowest normal mode, are analyzed using the Hopf bifurcation theorem. The first Lyapunov coefficient is calculated to prove the existence of stable limit cycles for double-loop balloons with small string length. Analysis of the first two modes using the center manifold method verifies the effectiveness of the two-dimensional approximation. The bifurcation theorem, however, fails to apply to the large string length Hopf bifurcation point because the first Lyapunov coefficient is indeterminable. Numerical simulation of the non-linear two-dimensional equations agrees with experimental results quantitatively for small string length and qualitatively for large string length.
Protein damage by photoproducts of merocyanine 540

Abstract Exposure of certain photoactive dyes to light prior to their use in biological systems (preactivation) has been shown to result in formation of long-lived cytotoxic photoproducts. The cytotoxic species responsible for the biological activity of preactivated merocyanine 540 (pMC540) appears to be a hydroperoxide generated by oxidation of ground-state dye by singlet molecular oxygen, formed via energy transfer from triplet excited-state dye to oxygen. A positive correlation ( r = .93) exists between the levels of hydroperoxides and percent of tumor cells killed upon exposure to pMC540. Exposure of bovine serum albumin (BSA) (0.5 mg/mL) to pMC540 (0.2 mg/mL–1 mg/mL) results in loss of tryptophan fluorescence and 345 nm emission, suggesting a probable role of either hydroxyl ( ⋅ OH) or ⋅ OH + superoxide (O 2 − ). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates fragmentation of treated BSA. Aggregation of pMC540-treated BSA is not detected. Bityrosine production is not observed. A dose-dependent decrease in BSA solubility is observed in treated samples, suggesting an increase in hydrophobicity. Amino acid analysis of BSA treated with pMC540 shows loss of some amino acids residues. The data presented here suggest that photoproducts of MC540 derived via the process of preactivation may mediate their effect (at least in part) by reactive oxygen species.
Evaluation of antibody immobilization methods for piezoelectric biosensor application

The immobilization of anti-Salmonella antibodies by two methods were studied and evaluated for their potential use in a piezoelectric biosensor. The optimum temperature-time combinations for the highest immobilization yields were determined for both methods. Protein A binding was found to be 67.4+/-3.8% on the gold surface which then allowed an immobilization of 42.1+/-2.09% antibody. The degree of antibody immobilization via surface aldehyde groups of glutaraldehyde (GA) on a precoated quartz crystal with polyethylenimine (PEI) was 31.6+/-0.3%. A piezoelectric probe was designed and used in dry assays to observe the frequency change due to addition of mass by the immobilization layers. The frequency changes recorded showed a better reproducibility and less added mass for the Protein A method. The frequency decrease due to microg of added antibodies was compared to frequency decrease calculated by the Sauerbrey equation. The experimental data was found to be only approximately 8% of theoretical data. The functionality of the immobilized antibodies with the Protein A method was tested with S. typhimurium in a wet chamber and the frequency decrease was compared to results of a similar system activated with PEI-GA immobilization. The frequency decreases with S. typhimurium concentration of approximately 1.5 x 10(9) CFU/ml were 50+/-2 Hz and 44+/-3 Hz for the Protein A method and PEI-GA method, respectively. It was concluded that although both methods resulted in comparable activities in terms of % immobilized protein and frequency decreases due to Salmonella binding, the Protein A method was favorable due to stability and better reproducibility of the immobilization layers.
Clinical count rate performance of an LSO PET/CT scanner utilizing a new front-end electronics architecture with sub-nanosecond intrinsic timing resolution

Abstract A new front-end electronics architecture with sub-nanosecond intrinsic timing resolution has recently been incorporated into a 16 slice LSO PET/CT scanner for imaging applications in oncology. The new electronics are designed to work optimally with the lutetium orthosilicate (LSO) scintillator. Clinical performance of the LSO PET/CT is examined before and after upgrading to the new PICO 3D electronics, and compared with results using the NEMA NU 2 standard for evaluating scanner performance. Improved noise-equivalent count rates are seen in clinical studies, and reduced scatter fractions are observed, consistent with the increased lower-level energy threshold used to reject scatter events in the upgraded configuration.
Nutrition and diet.

During recent years there has been a growing awareness among both the oncologic and nutrition communities about an association between nutrition and cancer causation with the practical implication of manipulating nutrition as a means of preventing cancer. Epidemiologic correlations, prospective studies of selected populations, and dietary histories of cancer cases compared to suitable comparisons all point toward such associations. For some of the more common cancers in this country, it is thought that individuals can exert a certain amount of control over his or her own cancer risk through diet and lifestyle. As more is learned about mechanisms of mutagens and carcinogens, it may be routinely possible to inhibit, block, or reverse the cellular processes involved in carcinogenesis. It has been estimated that up to 35% of cancers may eventually be prevented by dietary modification. Until the final answers are found, it seems prudent to reduce total dietary fat intake and increase total fiber intake.
Ethical issues in the use of computerized assessment

Computer applications in the field of psychological test administration have significant ethical implications for clinicians, client/responders, and computerized test construction and administration. Lack of awareness of computer-related issues may undermine clinicians' ability to ethically perform computerized psychological assessments. Graduate training in computerized testing is limited, and clinicians should be exposed to ethical concerns, potential judgment errors, and possible pitfalls in evaluating computer-generated reports. Recommendations for clinical research and practice are offered. Computerization clearly presents a series of dilemmas for psychologists conducting clinical assessments that will continue well into the future. Increased awareness of relevant issues will enhance the chances that ethical dilemmas will be successfully navigated.
Analogs of 2′-deoxyadenosine: Facile enzymatic preparation and growth inhibitory effects on human cell lines

Abstract Nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase has been extensively purified from extracts of Lactobacillus leichmannii . The enzyme was initially co-purified with ribonucleotide reductase and then separated from the latter by affinity chromatography on dGTP-Sepharose. A new procedure is described for the synthesis of 6-( p -aminobenzylamino)purine. The latter was diazotized and reacted with Sepharose substituted with m -phenylenediamine to produce an affinity material for chromatography of the transferase. Some properties of the purified transferase are described, including remarkable stability to heat and to guanidine hydrochloride. With thymidine as donor, the transferase had a very broad specificity for the purine acceptor, the only modifications not tolerated being the loss of the tautomeric N in the imidazole ring and, possibly, substitution at the 8-position. The enzyme was used for the convenient synthesis of twelve analogs of 2'-deoxyadenosine on the 100–400 mg scale with an average yield of 64 per cent. The method was readily applicable to larger scale preparations and the enzyme was recoverable from the final reaction mixtures in good yield. Of the nucleosides synthesized, the 2-chloro and 2-bromo analogs of 2'-deoxyadenosine were especially good inhibitors of the growth of KB and CCRF-CEM cells in culture.
Effects of Molten Aluminum on H13 Dies and Coatings

The effects of molten aluminum casting alloy A390 on a commercially heat treated H13 die steel and two wear-resistant coatings, Cr23C6 and TiN, were investigated by an accelerated corrosion test. The H13 steel suffered severe corrosion due to the rapid formation of intermetallic compounds. The formation of multilayer intermetallic compounds and the simultaneous dissociation of the intermetallic compound τ6 (Al4FeSi) were attributed to the fast dissolution of H13 steels into the melt. This dissolution of the H13 steel was accelerated dramatically by turbulence and an increase in melt temperature. Significant improvement in corrosion resistance was achieved for the H13 steel coated by Cr23C6 via a pack cementation process.
Rhetoric, Ethics, and Virtue.

This essay explores the possibility of grounding an ethic of rhetoric in virtues suggested by the practice of rhetoric itself. For clues regarding rhetorical virtues, it examines the connection between rhetoric and virtues in a variety rhetorical and literary critics. Finally, an initial effort to identify several rhetorical virtues is undertaken following suggestions by Alasdair MacIntyre. Rhetorical virtues, it is argued, are discovered by examining the goods inherent to rhetoric, as well as the sources of cooperation and the standards of excellence implied by the practice of rhetoric. The possibility of a virtues oriented pedagogy of communication is also considered.
The anticonvulsant action of nafimidone on kindled amygdaloid seizures in rats.

The anticonvulsant effectiveness of nafimidone (1-[2-naphthoylmethyl]imidazole hydrochloride) was evaluated in the kindled amygdaloid seizure model in rats. Nafimidone (3.1-120 mg/kg i.p.) was evaluated at 30 min in previously kindled rats using both threshold (20 microA increments) and supranthreshold (400 microA) paradigms. Nafimidone (25-50 mg/kg) significantly reduced supranthreshold elicited afterdischarge length and seizure severity only at doses with some prestimulation toxicity. The maximum anticonvulsant effectiveness for the 25 mg/kg i.p. dose of nafimidone was seen between 15 and 30 min utilizing a suprathreshold kindling paradigm. Nafimidone did not significantly elevate seizure thresholds at the doses tested; however, nafimidone (3.1-50 mg/kg) reduced the severity and afterdischarge duration of threshold elicited seizures in a non-dose response manner. Drug-induced electroencephalographic spikes were seen in both cortex and amygdala in most kindled rats receiving 100-120 mg/kg i.p. within 30 min of dosing before electrical stimulation. The frequency of spike and wave complexes increased in most of these animals leading to drug-induced spontaneous seizures and death in approximately 25% before electrical stimulation. This study has demonstrated that although nafimidone can modify both threshold and suprathreshold elicited kindled amygdaloid seizures, it lacks significant specificity in this model of epilepsy.
Hamilton cycles in the union of random permutations

We prove that with high probability, two random permutations contain an undirected Hamilton cycle and three random permutations almost always contain a directed Hamilton cycle. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 18: 83–94, 2001
Measurement of microwave dielectric properties of particulate materials

Methods of measuring the dielectric properties of granular and powdered or pulverized materials at microwave frequencies are discussed. Factors affecting the dielectric properties of materials, such as frequency, moisture content, temperature and bulk density, are reviewed, and the nature of their influence is discussed. Dielectric properties measured for some particulate materials are presented to illustrate their variation with these variables. Relationships between the dielectric constants and loss factors of particulate materials and the bulk density of these materials are discussed, and data illustrating these relationships are presented. Dielectric mixture equations are identified for use in correlating the dielectric properties of particulate materials with their bulk densities and for use in estimating the dielectric properties of the particles from measurements of the dielectric properties and densities of particulate materials.
Endotracheal colonization with Candida enhances risk of systemic candidiasis in very low birth weight neonates

Abstract Objective: To determine whether growth of Candida from an endotracheal aspirate identifies a population of very low birth weight (VLBW; ≤1500 gm) neonates at increased risk of systemic candidiasis. Design: Prospective evaluation with weekly cultures of endotracheal and rectal specimens to determine colonization status. Subjects: One hundred sixteen VLBW neonates (mean birth weight, 975 ± 23 gm, estimated gestational age, 27.6 ± 0.2 weeks) with endotracheal tubes in place who were admitted to a level III nursery between Jan. 8 and Dec. 2, 1992. Results: Of the 116 subjects, 39 infants were colonized with Candida (34%). Thirteen neonates had growth of Candida in one or more cultures of endotracheal specimens. Eleven of these could be examined, and in five systemic disease developed (disease in 5/11 vs 2/26; relative risk = 5.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.34 to 26). Eight infants were colonized with Candida in the first week of life. Seven of these could be examined, and in five systemic candidiasis developed (disease in 5/7 vs 2/30; RR = 9.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.3 to 38.0). Conclusions: Colonization with Candida occurs frequently in VLBW infants. Progression from colonization to systemic infection is more common in the smallest neonates. Detection of colonization in the first week of life or the growth of Candida from an endotracheal aspirate identifies a group of VLBW neonates with an endotracheal tube in place whose risk of systemic candidiasis is increased. A prospective trial of intervention in this high-risk population is warranted. (J P EDIATR 1994;124:789-94)
DETERMINATION OF FREE AND BOUND GOSSYPOL IN SWINE TISSUES.

Methods have been developed for the determination of free and bound gossypol in the tissues of swine ingesting diets containing free gossypol. Data presented show satisfactory reproducibility and accuracy of the methods.
Prevalence and expression of familial combined hyperlipidemia in childhood.

The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the incidence of dominantly inherited hyperlipoproteinemia in children referred to our medical center because of hyperlipidemia associated with a family history of premature coronary artery disease and (2) to assess the degree of expression in childhood of the most common inherited hyperlipoproteinemia, famillial combined hyperlipidemia. Among 129 families referred to us by area pediatricians, we identified a dominantly inherited hyperlipoproteinemia in 97 of them. Twenty had familial hypercholesterolemia, 65 familial combined hyperlipidemia, 11 hyperapobetalipoproteinemia, and one familial hypertriglyceridemia. As expected, almost half (9/20) of the siblings of probands with familial hypercholesterolemia were affected. Although we expected incomplete gene penetrance in the siblings of the probands with familial combined hyperlipidemia, we found 43 affected and 40 unaffected among the 83 siblings of the 65 probands. Our findings suggest that hyperlipidemia in children, caused by familial combined hyperlipidemia, occurs more than three times as frequently as famillal hypercholesterolemia and that in familles identified by a child proband, the penetrance is complete. Pediatricians should identify this primary hyperlipidemia in childhood and attempt to prevent the associated risk of premature coronary artery disease by prescribing appropriate diet and life-style modifications.
Bosses and Clients: Municipal Employment in the Buenos Aires of the Radicals, 1916–30

The success of the Radical Party in Argentina under Hipolito Yrigoyen has frequently been attributed to the creation of an effective political machine. While the machine did exist, it cannot explain Yrigoyen's overwhelming popularity with many sectors. Such political organisations and client-patron relations flourished in many cities throughout the world. This article examines employment with the municipality of Buenos Aires, and concludes not only did governments both before and after Yrigoyen have similar policies but all major political parties shared in the spoils. However, they failed to reap similar political benefits. The roots of Yrigoyen's popularity lie elsewhere. In the first decades of the twentieth century modern political parties emerged in several Latin American countries but few concrete studies have been made on how they mobilised support in urban areas. How did they appeal to voters and motivate them to cast their votes? This lacuna is particularly obvious in the case of Argentina's Uni6n Civica Radical, the Radical Party, one of the region's first modern parties. Clientelism and patronage are frequently used to explain the success of the Radical Party. However, aside from an article by David Rock some quarter century ago,' little real attention has been paid to this issue. What Joel Horowitz is Professor of History, Saint Bonaventure University. * The research on which this article is based was made possible through grants from Saint Bonaventure University and a Research Fulbright Fellowship. The author would like to thank Tulio Halperin Donghi, Mariano Ben Plotkin, Torcuato Di Tella, and Thomas J. Schaeper for comments on earlier drafts of this work. Earlier versions were presented to PEHESA (Buenos Aires), the History Workshop of the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, Harvard University, and the Faculty Research Colloquium at Saint Bonaventure University; the author would like to thank the participants. 1D. Rock, 'Machine Politics in Buenos Aires and the Argentine Radical Party, 19I2-I930', Journal of Latin American Studies, vol. 4, no. 2 (i972), pp. 233-56. See also D. Rock, Politics in Argentina Ig9o-I93o: The Rise and Fall of Radicalism (Cambridge, 1975); G. Vidal, 'Los partidos politicos y el fen6mena clientelistico luego de la Ley Saenz Pefia: la Uni6n Civica Radical de la Provincia de C6rdoba, I9I2-1930' in Fernando J. Devoto and Marcela P. Ferrari (eds.), La construccidn de las democracias rioplatenses: Proyectos institucionalesy prdcticas politicas, I9oo-i93o, (Buenos Aires, I994), pp. I89-2I7. I would like to thank the author for sending me a copy of this book. While not looking at the Radicals, see N. Folino, Barcelo, Ruggierito j el populismo oligdrquico (Buenos Aires, 1983) and L. de Privitellio, 'Sociedad urbana y actores This content downloaded from 207.46.13.114 on Thu, 26 May 2016 06:10:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Rate and apparent quantum yield of photodissolution of sedimentary organic matter

We quantified rates of photochemical dissolution (photodissolution) of organic carbon in coastal Louisiana suspended sediments, conducting experiments under well-defined conditions of irradiance and temperature. Optical properties of the suspended sediments were characterized and used in a radiative transfer model to compute irradiances within turbid suspensions. Photodissolution rate increased with temperature (T), with activation energy of 32 6 7 kJ mol21, which implicates indirect (non-photochemical) steps in the net reaction. In most samples, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration increased approximately linearly with time over the first 4 h of irradiation under broadband simulated sunlight, after higher rates in the initial hour of irradiation. Four-hour rates ranged from 2.3 mmol DOC m23 s21 to 3.2 mmol DOC m23 s21, but showed no relation to sample origin within the study area, organic carbon or reducible iron content, or mass-specific absorption coefficient. First-hour rates were higher—from 3.5 mmol DOC m23 s21 to 7.8 mmol DOC m23 s21—and correlated well with sediment reducible iron (itself often associated with organic matter). The spectral apparent quantum yield (AQY) for photodissolution was computed by fitting DOC photoproduction rates under different spectral irradiance distributions to corresponding rates of light absorption by particles. The photodissolution AQY magnitude is similar to most published dissolved-phase AQY spectra for dissolved inorganic carbon photoproduction, which suggests that in turbid coastal waters where particles dominate light absorption, DOC photoproduction from particles exceeds photooxidation of DOC.
The effect of resource provisioning and sugar composition of foods on longevity of three Gonatocerus spp., egg parasitoids of Homalodisca vitripennis

The eVect of dietary supplements on the longevity of male and female Gonatocerus ashmeadi, G. triguttatus and G. fasciatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), was determined in the laboratory. Treatments included: water only, 3:1 honey–water solution, Xoral and extraXoral nectars from Wve diVerent plants (excised stems from Fagopyrum esculentum, Lobularia maritima, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Anethum graveolens and Vicia faba), honeydew from Coccus hesperidum and Homalodisca vitripennis (formally H. coagulata), a commercially available food supplement (Eliminade) and citrus foliage. Additionally, the sugar composition of each food resource was determined using HPLC and whole Xower extracts. Honey–water and F. esculentum nectar signiWcantly increased longevity of male and female G. ashmeadi, G. triguttatus, and G. fasciatus up to 1860%, 1323% and 1459%, respectively, when compared with water. For both sexes and all three parasitoid species, survival on citrus foliage, H. vitripennis excrement, and P. tanacetifolia Xowers was equivalent to that on water only. The longevity of G. ashmeadi and G. triguttatus was up to 539% higher on Eliminade compared with water only, however there was no signiWcant eVect of Eliminade on survival of G. fasciatus. Coccus hesperidum honeydew increased survival times up to 665% for all mymarid species compared with citrus foliage alone. HPLC analysis indicated that food resources most beneWcial to Gonatocerus parasitoids possessed a high proportion of glucose (up to 44%) and fructose (up to 53%), suggesting that sucrose may not be as important for parasitoid survival. Citrus and P. tanacetifolia Xowers contained favorable proportions of glucose and fructose, but the inability of Gonatocerus spp. to beneWt from this may be related to Xower morphology which could prevent access to nectar.
Gβγ Subunits Mediate Src-dependent Phosphorylation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor A SCAFFOLD FOR G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR-MEDIATED Ras ACTIVATION

In many cells, stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by both receptor tyrosine kinases and receptors that couple to pertussis toxin-sensitive heterotrimeric G proteins proceed via convergent signaling pathways. Both signals are sensitive to inhibitors of tyrosine protein kinases and require Ras activation via phosphotyrosine-dependent recruitment of Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Receptor tyrosine kinase stimulation mediates ligand-induced receptor autophosphorylation, which creates the initial binding sites for SH2 domain-containing docking proteins. However, the mechanism whereby G protein-coupled receptors mediate the phosphotyrosine-dependent assembly of a mitogenic signaling complex is poorly understood. We have studied the role of Src family nonreceptor tyrosine kinases in G protein-coupled receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation in a transiently transfected COS-7 cell system. Stimulation of Gi-coupled lysophosphatidic acid and alpha2A adrenergic receptors or overexpression of Gbeta1gamma2 subunits leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of the Shc adapter protein, which then associates with tyrosine phosphoproteins of approximately 130 and 180 kDa, as well as Grb2. The 180-kDa Shc-associated tyrosine phosphoprotein band contains both epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and p185(neu). 3-5-fold increases in EGF receptor but not p185(neu) tyrosine phosphorylation occur following Gi-coupled receptor stimulation. Inhibition of endogenous Src family kinase activity by cellular expression of a dominant negative kinase-inactive mutant of c-Src inhibits Gbeta1gamma2 subunit-mediated and Gi-coupled receptor-mediated phosphorylation of both EGF receptor and Shc. Expression of Csk, which inactivates Src family kinases by phosphorylating the regulatory carboxyl-terminal tyrosine residue, has the same effect. The Gi-coupled receptor-mediated increase in EGF receptor phosphorylation does not reflect increased EGF receptor autophosphorylation, assayed using an autophosphorylation-specific EGF receptor monoclonal antibody. Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates binding of EGF receptor to a GST fusion protein containing the c-Src SH2 domain, and this too is blocked by Csk expression. These data suggest that Gbetagamma subunit-mediated activation of Src family nonreceptor tyrosine kinases can account for the Gi-coupled receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation events that direct recruitment of the Shc and Grb2 adapter proteins to the membrane.