cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Should the involvement of skeletal muscle by prostatic adenocarcinoma be reported on biopsies

Skeletal muscle is seen at the distal part of the prostate apex, where benign glands may reside as part of normal anatomy and histology, and extends more proximally anteriorly. At times, prostatic adenocarcinoma can be seen admixed with skeletal muscle, raising the question of extraprostatic extension. Although there has been increased attention regarding biopsy sampling of the distal apex to guide the performing of the apical dissection on radical prostatectomy, the finding of skeletal muscle involvement by prostatic adenocarcinoma has not been consistently reported by pathologists on biopsies. We searched our database spanning 12 years from 2000 to 2012 for all patients who had prostatic adenocarcinoma Gleason score 3 + 3 = 6 involving skeletal muscle on biopsy. We identified 220 patients who met the criteria. Of the 220 patients, 101 underwent prostatectomy, which comprised the "study group." Prostatectomy reports from these patients were compared with those of a "control group," which consisted of 201 contemporaneous patients with Gleason score 3 + 3 = 6 prostatic adenocarcinoma on biopsy without skeletal muscle involvement. The results showed a significantly higher percentage of positive margins in the study group compared with the control group (P = .006). The study group also had a higher percentage of positive margins at the apex admixed with skeletal muscle (P = .008). In summary, the findings in this study support that pathologists should report the involvement of skeletal muscle by tumor, and recommend that urologists performing radical prostatectomies on these patients try to ensure adequate excision in the apical area to avoid positive apical margin.
Early Intervention for Children with Autism and Related Developmental Disorders

It has long been recognized that the learning and accomplishment of developmental tasks occurs at a particularly rapid rate in children in infancy, preschool, and early school years (Havighurst, 1979). Accordingly, the impetus for early intervention for children with developmental disabilities, such as autism, has recently produced a renewed emphasis on preschool intervention and education. This chapter is based on two decades of experience with our program for the Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communication handicapped CHildren (TEACCH), the only comprehensive statewide system for the study and education of such children (Schopler, in press, 1989; Schopler, Mesibov, Shigley, & Bashford, 1984; Schopler & Olley, 1982). We view the purpose of early intervention as producing maximum adaptation for each child in collaboration with the child’s family. In this chapter, we will discuss general issues in the diagnosis and assessment of preschool children with autism and related disorders, and then briefly describe approaches to diagnosis and intervention employed at the TEACCH program.
Extracellular Amyloid-β Protein Dynamics in Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is caused by the accumulation of the amyloid- (Aβ) peptide within the brain extracellular space. Aβ is produced within neurons then secreted into the extracellular fluid. Normally, Aβ is found as a soluble, monomeric peptide within the brain interstitial fluid (ISF) and cerebrospinal fluid. During the pathogenesis of AD, however, Aβ changes conformation then aggregates into toxic higher ordered species, including soluble oligomers and insoluble plaques, which appear to underlie the etiology of AD. Conversion into these toxic species of Aβ appears to be concentration dependent and, at least partially, occurs within the ISF. Consequently, understanding the metabolic processes that regulate Aβ generation, particularly within the ISF, has implications for understanding pathogenesis as well as treatment. In order to study ISF Aβ metabolism in a physiological setting, several groups have utilized in vivo microdialysis both in animal models of disease as well as human patients. Synaptic transmission, the events that underlie brain function, directly leads to Aβ generation in vivo; suppressing synaptic activity rapidly reduces ISF Aβ levels whereas increasing activity increases Aβ levels. In mouse models of AD, behaviors such as stress and sleep/wake cycles also dynamically modulate ISF Aβ generation. Following traumatic brain injury, cortical ISF Aβ levels in humans is correlated with neurological status and synaptic transmission; comatose patients with initially low synaptic activity have low ISF Aβ levels which rise as neurological status improve. Conversely, in humans 10 % of individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) develop Aβ plaques. The absolute concentration of Aβ within the ISF appears directly related to whether a brain region will develop plaques or not. Microdialysis provides a powerful tool to assess brain ISF Aβ levels longitudinally through a wide variety of experimental and behavioral paradigms.
Diagnostic problems in tissues previously sampled by fine-needle aspiration.

Abstract Unusual tissue changes in needle tracts after fine-needle aspiration were studied in two specimens. One specimen, a 3.0 x 2.5 cm mesenteric nodule, was found six days after a nondiagnostic transabdominal fine-needle aspiration of a retroperitoneal mass. At frozen-section examination, the nodule had proliferating spindle-shaped cells interspersed with adipocytes that raised the possibility of well-differentiated liposarcoma. On permanent sections, however, there was fat necrosis and reactive spindle-shaped cells that immunohistochemically were consistent with myofibroblasts. In the second case, a needle tract was noted in breast tissue on which a biopsy was performed two days after a cytologic diagnosis of carcinoma. The 0.4-mm-wide tract contained neutrophils, foamy histiocytes, and clumps of intact, atypical epithelial cells without a desmoplastic or elastotic component. Aside from these epithelial cells, nothing in the biopsy specimen suggested invasive carcinoma. The cells were identical to those from a comedocarcinoma present in the biopsy and mastectomy specimens. These two cases provide examples of pitfalls that may arise during the examination of biopsy specimens obtained after fine-needle aspiration.
Hot-Electron Transistors for Terahertz Operation Based on Two-Dimensional Crystal Heterostructures

The authors explore the feasibility of ultrahigh-frequency devices by utilizing the unique features of two-dimensional (2D) crystals. These materials range from gapless semimetals to wide-band-gap insulators, and a number of them ($e.g.$ hexagonal boron nitride and transition metal dichalcogenides) can be integrated seamlessly with graphene, without causing defects, interfacial scattering centers, or degradation of properties. A detailed theoretical analysis indicates the potential for 2D crystal heterostructures that could process information at rates well over a terahertz--several times the current technological limit.
Ethics for the Pediatrician: Just Distribution of Health-care Resources and the Neonatal ICU

1. Charles C. Camosy, PhD* 1. *Department of Theology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Explore some implications of the finite nature of human beings (as exemplified by sickness and mortality) and of resources, both for medicine in general and the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in particular. 2. Explain the refusal to discriminate on the basis of disability for even the sickest members of the NICU population. 3. Show how taking cost into consideration, at both macro and clinical levels, does not violate human dignity. 4. Respond to arguments that NICU care is among the most cost-effective in medicine. 5. Suggest future strategies for combating a culture of overtreatment in the NICU. The debate over health-care reform in the United States brought discussions of “comprehensive health benefits” and “cost containment measures” to the dinner tables of average Americans. However, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) faced this issue in 1998: (1) “The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advocates universal and insured financial access to quality health care for all newborns, infants, children, adolescents, young adults through age 21 years, and pregnant women … Such insurance should provide a comprehensive benefit package that should include, but not be limited to, pregnancy related services, preventive care services recommended by the AAP, acute and chronic care services, and emergency care services.” In this same statement, the AAP acknowledged that: “Cost containment is essential but must not impair the quality of care delivered. Physicians must play an important role in establishing principles of evidence-based medicine, validating the measurements used, and ensuring quality in any cost-containment process. Responsibility for controlling costs should be a combined responsibility of employers, families, clinicians, payers, and administrators of health …
Evaluation of the Within-Field Mortality of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Bell Pepper

Partial mortality budgets were developed for Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) in field-grownbell peppers ( Capsicum annuum L.). Parasitism of L. trifolii larvae by sixparasite species was a significant mortality factor. However, L. trifolii larval and pupal mortality caused by other factors was equally important. When parasites were excluded, L. trifolii mortality was caused by unexplained pupal mortality and, to a lesser extent, unexplained larval mortality. No one mortality factor measured here, by itself or in combination, was responsible for regulation of L. trifolii populations. Parasitism of L. trifolii eggs and pupae were not observed in these studies.
MapWatch: Detecting and Monitoring International Border Personalization on Online Maps

Maps have long played a crucial role in enabling people to conceptualize and navigate the world around them. However, maps also encode the world-views of their creators. Disputed international borders are one example of this: governments may mandate that cartographers produce maps that conform to their view of a territorial dispute. Today, online maps maintained by private corporations have become the norm. However, these new maps are still subject to old debates. Companies like Google and Bing resolve these disputes by localizing their maps to meet government requirements and user preferences, i.e., users in different locations are shown maps with different international boundaries. We argue that this non-transparent personalization of maps may exacerbate nationalistic disputes by promoting divergent views of geopolitical realities. To address this problem, we present MapWatch, our system for detecting and cataloging personalization of international borders in online maps. Our system continuously crawls all map tiles from Google and Bing maps, and leverages crowdworkers to identify border personalization. In this paper, we present the architecture of MapWatch, and analyze the instances of border personalization on Google and Bing, including one border change that MapWatch identified live, as Google was rolling out the update.
REMap: Operon map of M. tuberculosis based on RNA sequence data

A map of the transcriptional organization of genes of an organism is a basic tool that is necessary to understand and facilitate a more accurate genetic manipulation of the organism. Operon maps are largely generated by computational prediction programs that rely on gene conservation and genome architecture and may not be physiologically relevant. With the widespread use of RNA sequencing (RNAseq), the prediction of operons based on actual transcriptome sequencing rather than computational genomics alone is much needed. Here, we report a validated operon map of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, developed using RNAseq data from both the exponential and stationary phases of growth. At least 58.4% of M. tuberculosis genes are organized into 749 operons. Our prediction algorithm, REMap (RNA Expression Mapping of operons), considers the many cases of transcription coverage of intergenic regions, and avoids dependencies on functional annotation and arbitrary assumptions about gene structure. As a result, we demonstrate that REMap is able to more accurately predict operons, especially those that contain long intergenic regions or functionally unrelated genes, than previous operon prediction programs. The REMap algorithm is publicly available as a user-friendly tool that can be readily modified to predict operons in other bacteria.
Active sites of ligand-protected Au25 nanoparticle catalysts for CO2 electroreduction to CO

Recent experimental studies have reported the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into CO at atomically precise negatively charged Au25 (-) nanoclusters. The studies showed CO2 conversion at remarkably low overpotentials, but the exact mechanisms and nature of the active sites remain unclear. We used first-principles density functional theory and continuum solvation models to examine the role of the cluster during electrochemical CO2 reduction and analyze the free energies of proposed intermediate species. Contrary to previous assumptions, our results show that the fully ligand protected cluster is not an active CO2 reduction catalyst because formation of the crucial carboxyl intermediate required very high electrochemical potentials. Instead, our calculations suggest that the reduction process likely occurs on a dethiolated gold site, and adsorbed carboxyl intermediate formation was significantly stabilized at dethiolated gold sites. These findings point to the crucial role of exposed metal sites during electrochemical CO2 reduction at gold nanocluster catalysts.
Operation of UQH2: CYT C2 Oxidoreductase of R. sphaeroides in the Steady State

Measurement of the thermodynamic poise of redox components of electron transfer chains under coupled conditions has been used extensively in the mitochondrial field to analyze through “cross-over points” the contributions to different spans to the work required to drive ATP synthesis, or maintain the proton gradient. In the work described in this paper, a steady state approach has been developed by which the redox poise of the electron transfer chain, the electron flux and H+-gradient could be simultaneously monitored, and the approach to the coupled steady-state (static head) could be followed kinetically on illumination of chromatophores from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.
Self-esteem, dignity, or the sense of being

ion and idealization. The cumulative effects of "Cogito ergo sum," the snowballing rush of "1 think, therefore I am" down upon the mind ~ eventuates in the perpetuation of the plurality of selves. Where division of self exists, there is not the sense of being, but a plurality of selves, a self strayed too far outward or inward. Make no mistake about it: we are not dealing with a semantic or a descriptive problem. When we speak of a plurality of selves, we are involved in the very process of furthering a schism not only within our beings, but between ourselves and others. Perhaps
A Pilot Study to Evaluate Effectiveness of INR Self-Testing in Elderly Patients.

Objective To determine if international normalized ratio (INR) patient self-testing (PST) resulted in an increased time in therapeutic range (TTR) in an elderly population when compared with clinic testing over a six-month period. Design A pilot study and retrospective chart review from August 2010 to August 2014. Setting Ambulatory, anticoagulation clinic with two locations in Sun City West and Peoria, Arizona. Participants Of 91 patients, the data of 20 patients who were 65 years of age or older and had at least six months of pre- and post-PST INR data were extracted and analyzed. Outcomes The primary outcome evaluated improvement of TTR during post-PST in elderly patients compared with clinic management over a six-month period. Secondary outcomes assessed patients' satisfaction with PST and identified barriers to PST. Results The post-PST mean TTR significantly increased to 73% from 63.6% for the first six months of PST (P = 0.04). Participants were satisfied with PST, with an average score ranging from 4.6 to 5 on a Likert scale of 1 to 5 on 10 satisfaction survey questions. Cost was identified as the most common barrier to PST, with 43% of patients not participating in PST because of financial burden. Conclusion With appropriate screening and training, PST is associated with improved TTRs and higher patient satisfaction in elderly patients when compared with clinic testing. Barriers identified to PST include cost, the complex process, and noncompliance.
Dopaminergic regulation of natriuretic response to acute volume expansion in dogs.

1. Effects of carbidopa, a dopa (3,4-dihydroxy-phenylamine) decarboxylase inhibitor, on the renal, haemodynamic and hormonal responses to acute volume expansion were examined in six healthy mongrel dogs which were infused intravenously with 0.9% sodium chloride solution (saline; 30 ml h −1 kg −1 ) over 2 h. 2. Saline infusion studies were performed in the absence (control) and in the presence of carbidopa given by nasogastric tube in a dose of 1 mg/kg every 8 h beginning 24 h before the infusion. 3. Saline infusion resulted in an increase in renal excretion of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxy-phenylethylamine) and a decrease in renal excretion of noradrenaline. 4. Carbidopa treatment decreased urinary sodium excretion and eliminated the increase in renal production of dopamine in response to saline infusion without affecting renal or haemodynamic response to acute vascular volume expansion with saline. 5. Carbidopa treatment obliterated the suppression of aldosterone produced by saline infusion. 6. Thus, dopamine appears to play a significant role in mediating both the natriuretic and aldosterone response to acute volume expansion.
A radical look at fish-tetrapod relationships

No one needs reminding that we are well into a revolutionary phase in the study of evolution, systematics, and the interrelationships of organisms. To belabor the metaphor a little, to the thesis of Darwinian evolution and Mayrian systematics has been added a new cladistic antithesis which says that the search for ancestors is a fool's errand, that all we can do is determine sister group relationships of monophyletic taxa based on the analysis of derived characters. Consequently, our attention should be focused upon patterns which can be delineated, discussed, and modified in the light of new data, rather than upon processes which may only be the subject of untestable hypotheses. It is a change in approach that is not easy to accept for, in a sense, it runs counter to what we have all been taught, and it is particularly difficult for the paleontologist to accept because a major feature of the approach is a concentration upon living rather than on fossil forms. In fact, fossils are, in general, either difficult to use or irrelevant, or both, in terms of new attempts to set out the relationships of the major groups of organisms. The subject of this brief notice is a critically important new addition to the literature on this growing, dare I say evolving, subject.
Chronically Increased Amino Acids Improve Insulin Secretion, Pancreatic Vascularity, and Islet Size in Growth-Restricted Fetal Sheep

Placental insufficiency is associated with reduced supply of amino acids to the fetus and leads to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). IUGR fetuses are characterized by lower glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, smaller pancreatic islets with less β-cells, and impaired pancreatic vascularity. To test whether supplemental amino acids infused into the IUGR fetus could improve these complications of IUGR we used acute (hours) and chronic (11 d) direct fetal amino acid infusions into a sheep model of placental insufficiency and IUGR near the end of gestation. IUGR fetuses had attenuated acute amino acid-stimulated insulin secretion compared with control fetuses. These results were confirmed in isolated IUGR pancreatic islets. After the chronic fetal amino acid infusion, fetal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and islet size were restored to control values. These changes were associated with normalization of fetal pancreatic vascularity and higher fetal pancreatic vascular endothelial growth factor A protein concentrations. These results demonstrate that decreased fetal amino acid supply contributes to the pathogenesis of pancreatic islet defects in IUGR. Moreover, the results show that pancreatic islets in IUGR fetuses retain their ability to respond to increased amino acids near the end of gestation after chronic fetal growth restriction.
Microfluidic whole blood testing of platelet response to pharmacological agents

Platelets present a number of intracellular and transmembrane targets subject to pharmacological modulation, either for cardiovascular disease reduction or as an unintended drug response. Microfluidic devices allow human blood to clot on a defined surface under controlled hemodynamic and pharmacological conditions. The potencies of a number of antiplatelet and anticancer drugs have been tested with respect to platelet deposition on collagen under flow. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) reduce platelet deposition, either when added ex vivo to blood or ingested orally by patients prior to testing. Some individuals display a functional "aspirin-insensitivity" in microfluidic assay. When certain nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are taken orally, they block COX-1 acetylation by aspirin with concomitant reduction of aspirin efficacy against platelets in microfluidic assay. Both P2Y1 and P2Y12 inhibitors reduce platelet deposition under flow, as do NO donors and iloprost that target the guanylate cyclase and the prostacyclin receptor, respectively. In a microfluidic assay of 37 kinase inhibitors, dasatinib had potent antiplatelet activity, while bosutinib was less potent. Dasatinib and bosutinib have known profiles against numerous kinases, revealing overlapping and nonoverlapping activities relevant to their unique actions against platelets. Also, dasatinib caused a marked and specific inhibition of GPVI signaling induced by convulxin, consistent with a dasatinib-associated bleeding risk. Microfluidic devices facilitate drug library screening, dose-response testing, and drug-drug interaction studies. Kinase inhibitors developed as anticancer agents may present antiplatelet activities that are detectable by microfluidic assay and potentially linked to bleeding risks.
Building better bones in childhood: a randomized controlled study to test the efficacy of a dietary intervention program to increase calcium intake.

Many children do not consume the recommended daily allowance of calcium. Inadequate calcium intake in childhood may limit bone accrual. The objective of this study was to determine if a behavioral modification and nutritional education (BM-NE) intervention improved dietary calcium intake and bone accrual in children. 139 (86 female) healthy children, 7–10 years of age, were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial conducted over 36 months. Participants randomized to the BM-NE intervention attended five sessions over a 6-week period designed to increase calcium intake to 1500 mg/day. Participants randomized to the usual care (UC) group received a single nutritional counseling session. The Calcium Counts Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to assess calcium intake; dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone mineral content (BMC). Longitudinal mixed effects models were used to assess for an effect of the intervention on calcium intake, BMC and aBMD. BM-NE participants had greater increases in calcium intake that persisted for 12 months following the intervention compared with UC. The intervention had no effect on BMC or aBMD accrual. Secondary analyses found a negative association between calcium intake and adiposity such that greater calcium intake was associated with lesser gains in body mass index and fat mass index. A family-centered BM-NE intervention program in healthy children was successful in increasing calcium intake for up to 12 months but had no effect on bone accrual. A beneficial relationship between calcium intake and adiposity was observed and warrants future study.
The Relationship Between Executive Functions and Language Abilities in Children: A Latent Variables Approach.

Purpose We aimed to outline the latent variables approach for measuring nonverbal executive function (EF) skills in school-age children, and to examine the relationship between nonverbal EF skills ...
State Medicaid Expansion and Citizens’ Quality of Life*

Objectives The U.S. Supreme Court's 2012 ruling on the Affordable Care Act was a federal exogenous shock that presented all states with the decision to continue their Medicaid program in its current form or expand it to include thousands of newly eligible recipients. This article takes advantage of this exogenous shock to evaluate the impact of Medicaid expansion on citizens’ quality of life. Methods I evaluate changes from 2010 to 2014 in low-income citizens’ subjective well-being (SWB) using Gallup-Healthways survey data and a difference-in-differences estimation strategy. Results Average levels of SWB increased among low-income citizens in states that expanded Medicaid eligibility compared to states that did not. In a series of placebo tests, I also demonstrate that the expansion had no effect on the SWB of middle- or high-income citizens who are unlikely to directly benefit from more generous Medicaid eligibility requirements. Conclusions The empirical findings suggest that the expansion of Medicaid has important implications for the well-being of low-income Americans and, more broadly, contribute to the growing literature on how government policy choices can concretely impact the quality of life that citizens experience.
A neuro-computational model of sequence learning in macaques: the Simultaneous Chaining Paradigm

We present a novel model, SCP1, of monkey sequence learning that takes the processes of stimulus recognition and motor planning seriously in addressing a robust dataset on list learning obtained through the Simultaneous Chaining Paradigm (SCP). Strikingly, SCP violates stimulus-response (S-R) mappings in that after several different lists are learned, monkeys are able to conserve this learning on a new list which is “conserved” in the sense that the jth element is specified as the jth element of any one of the previously learned lists. We demonstrate list acquisition as a result of multiple concurrent learning processes that together contribute to competent performance. In addition to reproducing behavioral results, we offer observations linking the work to macaque neurophysiology.
Fragile Families’ Challenges for Emergency Fund Preparedness

Having an adequate emergency fund is a critical issue for a household’s ability to overcome financial trouble and thus overall financial wellness. Fragile families, which refer to unmarried parents and their children, are ill-prepared in emergency savings compared to an average family. This paper determines the challenges associated with having emergency funds for fragile families and concludes that having debt significantly reduces a family’s likelihood of maintaining an emergency fund and undermines the influence of an increase in income on emergency savings. The odds of having emergency fund are significantly higher in a higher income group than in a lower income group.
Plant Pathogens and Disease: General Introduction

Plant pathogens are mostly certain microorganisms that can attack plants and cause disease. Plant diseases are caused by the same kinds of microorganisms, such as certain bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes, and protozoa, which cause disease in humans and animals. Plants are also attacked by certain parasitic plants and green algae, and by certain nonliving factors, such as nutrient deficiencies, pollutants, cold temperatures, and so on. Pathogens attack plants to obtain nutrients. Some pathogens are obligate parasites and can only live on living plants. Others can live off living or dead plant tissues. Pathogens enter plants through wounds, natural openings, or are carried and inserted by vectors such as insects. Pathogens invade plant tissues through enzymes that break down the cellular structure of cells and kill the cells. Pathogens also secrete other active compounds such as toxins, which kill cells directly, and growth regulators, which cause plant galls and overgrowths. Plants defend themselves against pathogens by preexisting structural and chemical defenses and by activating a number of chemical defenses that counterattack the pathogen and limit its advance or cause its death. Whether the pathogen can infect a plant or not depends on the genes for pathogenicity and virulence present in the pathogen and the genes for resistance or susceptibility present in the plant. Plant diseases cause financial losses, hungers and famines, food poisonings, and changes in the ecology and extinction of susceptible plant species. Many but not all plant diseases can be managed by using resistant varieties, treatment with pesticides, and, less, in other ways.
Using Alphabet Knowledge to Track the Emergent Literacy Skills of Children in Head Start.

Having strong alphabet knowledge early in life is a powerful predictor of long-term reading and academic outcomes. Upon tracking the alphabet knowledge of 172 children enrolled in their first year ...
HUMAN PHEROMONES: RELEASERS OR PRIMERS

Historically, insect pheromones and the responses to them were thought to have a high degree of specificity and a considerable degree of genetic programming. These include overt displays of attraction and copulation mediated solely by chemical signals, which have been described as releaser effects on behavior. More subtle neuroendocrine effects, i.e., primer effects, resulting in changes in reproductive cycle-length, timing and success, have been demonstrated in mammals. Humans have potential sources of chemical signals and a sensory system to receive them. Recent studies suggest the presence of a vomeronasal organ (VNO) in humans; however, other observations suggest only scant evidence for the presence of an anatomically complete VNO with connections to the central nervous system (CNS).
Addressing the Needs of English Language Learners in an English Education Methods Course

During the 2005 Conference on English Education (CEE) Summit, English educators identified the importance of responding to linguistically and culturally diverse learners in the English classroom. The integration of English language learner (ELL) issues throughout and within the methods course is one way to successfully prepare secondary English preservice teachers to meet the needs of their future students. In this chapter, the two authors describe how the collaboration of an English as a second language teacher educator and a secondary English teacher educator led to the “rethinking and revising” of a secondary English methods course. The authors consider how teacher educators in different departments can collaborate to meet the needs of English preservice teachers and offer strategies developed individually and collaboratively to infuse ELL issues and instruction throughout the secondary English methods course.
Patient pain satisfaction scores unaffected by opioid reduction protocol utilizing morphine equivalent dose calculations

Introduction/Background Opioids are important for pain management during inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) stays, but are potentially overprescribed. Previously, we performed a prospective study utilizing an opioid reduction protocol to significantly reduce the opioid burden in patients admitted to an IRF. This study retrospectively analyzed patient pain satisfaction survey scores to determine the effect of the opioid reduction protocol on patient pain satisfaction. Material and method We included all patients admitted to an IRF at an academic institution during a two-month period in 2016 and calculated the Morphine Equivalent Dose (MED) for admission and discharge. We delivered informative lectures to prescribers regarding CDC recommendations, posted MED charts, calculated weekly MED scores and repeated MED calculations for all admissions and discharges over the following two months. Satisfaction surveys were sent to all patients upon discharge, with pain scored 0 to 5 (0-not controlled, 5-extremely well controlled). Results Surveys were obtained from 34 of 75 patients in the pre-intervention group and 41 of 87 in the post-intervention group. There was no statistical difference in pain satisfaction between the two groups (P = 0.38) with an average satisfaction of 3.68 and 3.32 for the pre and post-interventional groups, respectively. MED was decreased from admission to discharge in the pre-intervention group by an average of 17.79, a 44% decrease, while the post-interventional group MED decreased on average by 24.08, a 49% decrease. These findings are an important, since the primary study showed dramatic reductions in MED between pre and post intervention groups, reducing the percent of patients whose MED was greater than 50 by nearly half (23% to 12%). Conclusion This study demonstrates a method of tracking patient pain satisfaction whilst reducing opioid utilization in an IRF setting, and provides evidence that opioid weaning by tracking MED calculations does not negatively influence patient pain control satisfaction.
The Effect of a Mediation-Blocking Task on the Acquisition of Instructive Feedback Targets.

The inclusion of instructive feedback in discrete-trial training has been shown to increase the efficiency of learning. However, the behavioral mechanism underlying the effectiveness of this procedure has not yet been determined. Researchers have suggested that learners covertly self-echo the feedback, which mediates later responding. The present study sought to understand the role of self-echoics in the acquisition of untaught targets. Participants were directly taught to tact pictures, then given instructive feedback after the praise statement. The 3 experimental conditions were (a) a typical instructive feedback procedure; (b) a vocal mediation-blocking procedure, in which the participants were asked to engage in a competing vocal response immediately after the instructive feedback; and (c) a motor-distraction procedure, in which the participants were asked to engage in a motor response immediately after the instructive feedback. The inclusion of the vocal mediation-blocking task had little effect on the participants’ ability to learn the instructive feedback targets for all 3 participants.
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma: Proposal for optimal management.

8550 Background: Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BI-ALCL) is a newly identified lymphoma arising around breast implants placed for cosmetic or reconstructive indications. ...
Toxicity and photosensitizing assessment of gelatin methacryloyl-based hydrogels photoinitiated with lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate in human primary renal proximal tubule epithelial cells

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) photoinitiator are commonly used in combination to produce a photosensitive polymer but there are concerns that must be addressed: the presence of unreacted monomer is well known to be cytotoxic, and lithium salts are known to cause acute kidney injury. In this study, acellular 10% GelMA hydrogels cross-linked with different LAP concentrations and cross-linking illumination times were evaluated for their cytotoxicity, photosensitizing potential, and elastic moduli. Alamar Blue and CyQuant Direct Cell viability assays were performed on human primary renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (hRPTECs) exposed to extracts of each formulation. UV exposure during cross-linking was not found to affect extract cytotoxicity in either assay. LAP concentration did not affect extract cytotoxicity as determined by the Alamar Blue assay but reduced hRPTEC viability in the CyQuant Direct cell assay. Photocatalytic activity of formulation extracts toward NADH oxidation was used as a screening method for photosensitizing potential; longer UV exposure durations yielded extracts with less photocatalytic activity. Finally, elastic moduli determined using nanoindentation was found to plateau to approximately 20–25 kPa after exposure to 342 mJ/cm2 at 2.87 mW of UV-A exposure regardless of LAP concentration. LAP at concentrations commonly used in bioprinting (<0.5% w/w) was not found to be cytotoxic although the differences in cytotoxicity evaluation determined from the two viability assays imply cell membrane damage and should be investigated further. Complete cross-linking of all formulations decreased photocatalytic activity while maintaining predictable final elastic moduli.Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) photoinitiator are commonly used in combination to produce a photosensitive polymer but there are concerns that must be addressed: the presence of unreacted monomer is well known to be cytotoxic, and lithium salts are known to cause acute kidney injury. In this study, acellular 10% GelMA hydrogels cross-linked with different LAP concentrations and cross-linking illumination times were evaluated for their cytotoxicity, photosensitizing potential, and elastic moduli. Alamar Blue and CyQuant Direct Cell viability assays were performed on human primary renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (hRPTECs) exposed to extracts of each formulation. UV exposure during cross-linking was not found to affect extract cytotoxicity in either assay. LAP concentration did not affect extract cytotoxicity as determined by the Alamar Blue assay but reduced hRPTEC viability in the CyQuant Direct cell assay. Photocatalytic activity of formulati...
The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana

A striking feature of the ancient arts in India was their candid celebration of sexuality. The sacred and profane are a continuum in which spiritual and sensual values are integrated. The Kamasutra's view of sexuality is both jaunty and pragmatic, its analysis of sexual politics often chillingly realistic. This book brings you selections from Vatsyayana's text, with illustrations from private collections, many of them being reproduced here for the first time.
Porous bio-click microgel scaffolds control hMSC interactions and promote their secretory properties.

Abstract Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) are known to secrete numerous cytokines that signal to endogenous cells and aid in tissue regeneration. However, the role that biomaterial scaffolds can play in controlling hMSC secretory properties has been less explored. Here, microgels were co-assembled with hMSCs using three different microgel populations, with large (190 ± 100 μm), medium (110 ± 60 μm), and small (13 ± 6 μm) diameters, to create distinct porous environments that influenced hMSC clustering. Cells embedded in large diameter microgel networks resided in large clusters (~40 cells), compared to small clusters (~6 cells) observed in networks using medium diameter microgels and primarily single cells in small diameter microgel networks. Using a cytokine microarray, an overall increase in secretion was observed in scaffolds that promoted hMSC clustering, with over 60% of the measured cytokines most elevated in the large diameter microgel networks. N-cadherin interactions were identified as partially mediating these differences, so the microgel formulations were modified with an N-cadherin epitope, HAVDI, to mimic cell-cell interactions. Results revealed increased secretory properties for hMSCs in HAVDI functionalized scaffolds, even the non-clustered cells in small diameter microgel networks. Together, these results demonstrate opportunities for microgel-based scaffold systems for hMSC delivery and tailoring of porous materials properties to promote their secretory potential.
Beam Learning in MmWave/THz-band Drone Networks Under In-Flight Mobility Uncertainties

This paper focuses on designing high-data-rate wireless communications for drone networks in the mmWave and THz frequency bands. MmWave/THz-band communications has been envisioned as a key technology to achieve ultra broadband wireless links through beamforming in 5G and beyond networks. However, a main challenge with these frequency bands is that the narrow-beam directional wireless links can be easily disconnected because of the beam misalignment in mobile environments. To address this challenge, in this paper we design a new beam control scheme called LeBeam, with the objective of maximizing the expected capacity of the mmWave/THz-band links by determining the optimal beamwidth dynamically under drone mobility uncertainties. In LeBeam, an ESN is adopted to capture the mobility uncertainties of the drones dynamically and predict the optimal beamwidth based on the first- and second-order moments of the drone mobility. The ESN has been trained based on real drone flight traces. The performance of LeBeam is evaluated over UBSim, a newly developed trace-driven Universal Broadband Simulator for integrated aerial and ground wireless networking.
Reduced growth may be linked to lower aerobic scope in juvenile triploid white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)

Abstract Previous studies have provided evidence of a reduced aerobic metabolic capacity, both at the cellular (metabolic enzyme activity) and the whole organism (aerobic scope) level in juvenile triploid white sturgeon, compared to diploid siblings. The downstream costs of this reduced metabolic capacity are still unclear, yet a lower aerobic scope suggests triploid white sturgeon likely have less energy to allocate to biological processes like growth and development. We conducted a 15-week growth trial to assess energy allocation to somatic growth in 2-month-old diploid and triploid white sturgeon. Spontaneous swimming activity, hepatosomatic index, condition factor, and deformities were also measured throughout the growth trial as indices of energy allocation to activity and fish condition. In general, our results indicate that triploid white sturgeon may have less energy available for processes beyond basal maintenance. This could be linked to a reduced overall performance as evidenced by lower weights and more deformities when compared with their diploid counterparts. However, many indices were still mostly unaffected by triploidy (condition factor, hepatosomatic index, and swimming activity). Whether this lower growth performance seen in juvenile triploid white sturgeon continues through sub-adulthood, puberty and final maturation requires further long-term studies.
Neurologic Syndromes Predict Higher In-Hospital Mortality in COVID-19.

Objective Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is protean in its manifestations, affecting nearly every organ system. However, nervous system involvement and its effect on disease outcome are poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to determine whether neurologic syndromes are associated with increased risk of inpatient mortality. Methods A total of 581 hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, neurologic involvement, and brain imaging were compared to hospitalized non-neurologic patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Four patterns of neurologic manifestations were identified: acute stroke, new or recrudescent seizures, altered mentation with normal imaging, and neuro-COVID-19 complex. Factors present on admission were analyzed as potential predictors of in-hospital mortality, including sociodemographic variables, preexisting comorbidities, vital signs, laboratory values, and pattern of neurologic manifestations. Significant predictors were incorporated into a disease severity score. Patients with neurologic manifestations were matched with patients of the same age and disease severity to assess the risk of death. Results A total of 4,711 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were admitted to one medical system in New York City during a 6-week period. Of these, 581 (12%) had neurologic issues of sufficient concern to warrant neuroimaging. These patients were compared to 1,743 non-neurologic patients with COVID-19 matched for age and disease severity admitted during the same period. Patients with altered mentation (n = 258, p = 0.04, odds ratio [OR] 1.39, confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.86) or radiologically confirmed stroke (n = 55, p = 0.001, OR 3.1, CI 1.65–5.92) had a higher risk of mortality than age- and severity-matched controls. Conclusions The incidence of altered mentation or stroke on admission predicts a modest but significantly higher risk of in-hospital mortality independent of disease severity. While other biomarker factors also predict mortality, measures to identify and treat such patients may be important in reducing overall mortality of COVID-19.
Stromatolites from the Lower Triassic Virgin Limestone at Blue Diamond, NV USA: The role of dysoxia, enhanced calcification and nutrient availability in the growth of post-extinction microbialites

Abstract Microbialites undergo a well – documented resurgence following the Permian – Triassic mass extinction. This comeback has been attributed to several causes, including the emptying of Early Triassic ecosystems by the severity of the extinction, a decline in burrowing activity and intensity, and the unusual chemistry of Early Triassic oceans. A laterally – continuous stromatolite horizon found within the Lower Triassic Virgin Limestone was examined at the Blue Diamond, NV U.S.A. locality in order to determine the factors that led to growth of the stromatolites, and by extension, the environmental conditions that led to the formation of widespread microbialites in the aftermath of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. The Virgin Limestone at the study locality consists of ~6 m – thick cycles of shale and siltstone that pass upwards into bioturbated lime mudstone, and are capped by oolitic packstone or grainstone. Each ~6 m – thick cycle represents a rapid sea level rise that led to the deposition of fine – grained clastics below storm wave base, followed by deposition of coarsening – upwards carbonates that were deposited in progressively shallower environments. Analysis of redox-sensitive trace metals (U. V and Mo) from the shale and siltstone interbeds indicate that the fine – grained clastics were deposited under dysoxic waters, however, extensive bioturbation and macrofossils from the carbonate units indicates better aeration of shallower settings. The stromatolites occur within a single, laterally extensive horizon, and 4 distinct stromatolite morphologies are observed along a 3 km long transect, including: 1) aggregates of high-relief hemispherical domes and columnar stromatolites with well-developed laminae that are up to 0.75 m thick; 2) lozenge-shaped aggregates of intergrown columnar stromatolites with dimpled top surfaces; 3) isolated hemispheroids; and, 4) meandering ridges of intergrown domes that are small, low – relief (usually
Kubo Combinatorics for Turbulence Scaling Laws

We present an extension to Kolmogorov's refined similarity hypothesis for universal fully developed turbulence. The extension is applied within Z. She and E. Leveque's multifractal model of inertial range scaling and its generalizations. Our modification rectifies an apparent gap between the implicit continuum of length scales in Obukhov's conception of a turbulent energy cascade, and scaling law models derived from Kolmogorov's refined similarity hypothesis that lack infinite divisibility. The development has relevance to universal fully developed turbulence, a state we describe explicitly in terms of the coupling between velocity fluctuations and averaged energy dissipation at all orders. This description is unique and leads to a reparametrization of the She-Leveque model that preserves its original forecasts and is infinitely divisible.