cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Indirect Rotational Spectroscopy of HCO

Spectroscopy of the ν1 band of the astrophysically relevant ion HCO + is performed with an optical parametric oscillator calibrated with an optical frequency comb. The sub-MHz accuracy of this technique was confirmed by performing a combination differences analysis with the acquired rovibrational data and comparing the results to known ground-state rotational transitions. A similar combination differences analysis was performed from the same data set to calculate the previously unobserved rotational spectrum of the ν1 vibrationally excited state with precision sufficient for astronomical detection. Initial results of cavity-enhanced sub-Doppler spectroscopy are also presented and hold promise for further improving the accuracy and precision in the near future.
Nurses as Technical Writers: What They Need to Know.

Acquaintance with the writing of nurses would help instructors design assignments for nursing students who enroll in basic technical writing courses. Based on secondary research, samples of nursing...
Testing mobilization views of the relationship between international interdependence and political conflict in developing countries

Abstract This research examines mobilization conceptions of how international interdependence affects political conflict in developing societies. Two views are investigated. The factoral approach treats conflict as a product of the abundance or scarcity of specific factors of production, while the sectoral approach regards the competitiveness and export performance of a nation’s industries as the key to conflict. A sector’s size and strength also are viewed as important variables. A cross-national design is used to determine how a nation’s levels of manufacturing imports and direct foreign investments interact with factoral and sectoral variables to affect political conflict. The results suggest a consistent positive association between protest and the interaction between labor abundance and interdependence. Capital abundance was unrelated to conflict, and competitiveness, export performance, sectoral size, and sectoral strength all were positively related to protest.
FLAVOR MIXING AND THE UA(1) ANOMALY

The relevance of the UA(1) anomaly is discussed in the context of models with constituent quarks. It is argued that at the mean-field level (large Nc), the inclusion of the UA(1)anomaly does not necessarily lead to flavor mixing as generally believed. Arguments are presented for the generic character of flavor dynamics at low energy and the complex origin of flavor mixing in relation to the bulk properties of the QCD vacuum.
Analysis of experimental immune synovitis cartilage using monoclonal antibodies reactive to rabbit proteoglycan.

This study details the macromolecular changes in cartilage involving proteoglycan molecules in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. In experimental chronic immune synovitis, fluorescein-conjugated mouse IgG and three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs 2G2, 2E9, and 6C9) portraying differing fine antigenic specificity for rabbit cartilage proteoglycan monomer were utilized to detail alterations in cartilage proteoglycan. In normal and IgG immune animals, fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-conjugated MAbs 2G2 and 2E9 stained cellular/pericellular (C/PC) region intensely. FITC-MAb 2G2 stained cartilage interterritorial matrix as well. FITC-MAb 6C9 stained only C/PC area lightly but did not stain matrix. A marked decrease in staining intensity with FITC-MAb 2G2 was noted in cartilage sections derived from animals with immune synovitis. A corresponding increase in staining of cartilage was noted with FITC-MAb 6C9. The augmented staining of articular cartilage with FITC-MAb 6C9 was most prominent in femoral condyle tissue sections, which corresponded to the cartilaginous area, with the greatest severity in gross pathology. There was a slight augmentation of staining with FITC-MAb 2E9, especially in the C/PC area of medial/femoral cartilage. In addition, the animals with immune synovitis showed abortive cartilage repair exemplified by the presence of chondrocyte cloning (up to 20 cells) which correlated with increased FITC-MAb 2G2 staining. The differential MAb staining patterns of cartilaginous tissues obtained utilizing FITC-conjugated monoclonal antibodies with known fine antigenic specificity indicates a modulation of proteoglycans involving predominantly core protein epitopes in the articular cartilage of animals with chronic immune synovitis.
Analysis of URL References in ETDs: A Case Study at the University of North Texas

Article discussing a case study at the University of North Texas (UNT) on an analysis of URL references in electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs).
Integration of hp-adaptivity and a two grid solver for electromagnetic problems

We present implementation details and analyze convergence of a two grid solver forming the core of a fully automatic hp-adaptive strategy for electromagnetic problems. The solver delivers a solution for a fine grid obtained from an arbitrary coarse hp grid by a global hp-refinement. The classical V-cycle algorithm combines an overlapping block Jacobi smoother with optimal relaxation, and a direct solve on the coarse grid. A theoretical analysis of the two grid solver is illustrated with numerical experiments. Several electromagnetic applications show the efficiency of combining the fully automatic hp-adaptive strategy with the two grid solver.
Mitigation of the dispersive phase response of radio-frequency antennae via optical pulse shaping

In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the capability to compensate for dispersion effects in several types of broadband antenna through photonic-synthesis of tailored electronic excitation waveforms.
Pregnancy in chiroptera

As with other aspects of their biology, bats exhibit considerable diversity in their reproductive characteristics. While early embryonic development in many species generally adheres to the pattern shown by more commonly studied eutherian mammals, others demonstrate advanced development in the oviduct (to the zona-free blastocyst stage) and a prolonged tubal journey of the embryo in a temporal sense. In some bats, the process for transporting ova through the oviducts can distinguish between living embryos and the remnants of dead ova. Implantation in bats is unusually diverse with respect to localization of the nidation sites (which in most species seem to be predetermined), orientation of the inner cell mass during implantation, depth of implantation, and trophoblastic invasiveness. Some species which can be bred in captivity would appear to be promising experimental models for studies of implantation because both this process and their endometrial biology in general exhibit many similarities to those of humans. Depending upon the species, bats develop either endotheliochorial or hemochorial placentas. Studies on black mastiff bats (Molossus ater) indicate that maternal endometrial endothelial cells probably play a very important morphogenetic role during placental development in this species. Similarities in placental structure suggest that this may also be the case in a number of other eutherian mammals.
Google vs. the Library (Part III): Assessing the Quality of Sources Found by Undergraduates.

This study assesses and compares the quality of sources found by undergraduate students when doing research using both Google and a library (federated) search tool. Thirty undergraduates were asked to find four sources (one book, two articles, and one additional source of their choosing) related to a selected research topic. Students used both Google and a federated search (resource discovery) tool to find material they believed to be relevant. Each source was evaluated for topic relevance, authority, appropriateness, and date, and assigned a total quality score. Results showed that the books found via Google were slightly higher quality than those uncovered via the federated search tool. The articles and additional sources students found via the federated search tool were slightly to moderately higher quality, respectively, than those discovered via Google.
The Future Is Now: Software-Guided Intensive Insulin Therapy in the Critically Ill

Since the development of intensive insulin therapy for the critically ill adult, tight glycemic control (TGC) has become increasingly complicated to apply and achieve. Software-guided (SG) algorithms for insulin dosing represent a new method to achieve euglycemia in critical illness. We provide an overview of the state of SG TGC with an eye to the future. The current milieu is disorganized, with little research that incorporates newer variables of dysglycemia, such as glycemic variability. To develop and implement better algorithms, scientists, programmers, and clinicians need to standardize measurements and variables.
Dynamical Origins of Stereotypy: Relation of Postural Movements during Sitting to Stereotyped Movements during Body-Rocking.

The relation between the movement dynamic properties of sitting still and of seated body-rocking in adults with stereotyped movement disorder and mental retardation and a contrast group of typically developing age-matched adults was examined. Continuous measurement of sequential displacements in center-of-pressure was made using a force platform while subjects were engaged in seated body-rocking and quiet sitting. Properties of movement were compared across conditions (rocking, sitting) and groups (stereotyped movement disorder, contrast). The contrast group had the same modal frequency for both movement properties. The intrinsic dynamics of the stereotyped movement disorder group were similar to those of the contrast group for body-rocking but very different for quiet sitting. Findings support the suggestion that body-rocking in stereotyped movement disorder originates partly as an adaptation to an inability to control posture in a seated position.
Recombinant interleukin-12 enhances resistance of mice to Listeria monocytogenes infection.

Abstract The effect of recombinant murine IL-12 (rIL-12) or anti-IL-12 antibody administration on resistance to murine listeriosis was investigated. Mice given a single 0.5 μg dose of rIL-12 had 1.5 log10 fewer listeriae in their spleens and livers as compared with control infected mice 3 days after L. monocytogenes challenge. Conversely, administration of anti-IL-12 IgG caused an equivalent increase in the cfu of L. monocytogenes recovered from the spleens and livers as compared to control mice. This is the first report of such a protective effect from a single dose of rIL-12. Treatment of uninfected mice with rIL-12 induced IFN-γ mRNA production in their livers. Infection of mice with L. monocytogenes caused a similar increase in IFN-γ mRNA levels that was not increased further by concurrent treatment with rIL-12. Treatment of mice with an anti-IFN-γ MAb eliminated the protective effect of IL-12 on Listeria infection. Expression of TNF-γ, IL-10 and IL-12p40 mRNA in L. monocytogenes-infected mice were not significantly altered by administration of either anti-IL-12 IgG or rIL-12. rIL-12 administration was associated with increased serum AST levels, a measure of liver damage, 1 day after treatment in L. monocytogenes-infected mice. In addition, rIL-12 administration was associated with the increased presence of small inflammatory foci and necrotic hepatocytes in both infected and uninfected mice, suggesting a proinflammatory role for IL-12 in the liver.
Seasonal and Synoptic Variations in Near-Surface Air Temperature Lapse Rates in a Mountainous Basin

To accurately estimate near-surface (2 m) air temperatures in a mountainous region for hydrologic prediction models and other investigations of environmental processes, the authors evaluated daily and seasonal variations (with the consideration of different weather types) of surface air temperature lapse rates at a spatial scale of 10 000 km 2 in south-central Idaho. Near-surface air temperature data (Tmax, Tmin, and Tavg) from 14 meteorological stations were used to compute daily lapse rates from January 1989 to December 2004 for a medium-elevation study area in south-central Idaho. Daily lapse rates were grouped by month, synoptic weather type, and a combination of both (seasonal–synoptic). Daily air temperature lapse rates show high variability at both daily and seasonal time scales. Daily Tmax lapse rates show a distinct seasonal trend, with steeper lapse rates (greater decrease in temperature with height) occurring in summer and shallower rates (lesser decrease in temperature with height) occurring in winter. Daily Tmin and Tavg lapse rates are more variable and tend to be steepest in spring and shallowest in midsummer. Different synoptic weather types also influence lapse rates, although differences are tenuous. In general, warmer air masses tend to be associated with steeper lapse rates for maximum temperature, and drier air masses have shallower lapse rates for minimum temperature. The largest diurnal range is produced by dry tropical conditions (clear skies, high solar input). Cross-validation results indicate that the commonly used environmental lapse rate [typically assumed to be 0.65°C (100 m) 1 ] is solely applicable to maximum temperature and often grossly overestimates Tmin and Tavg lapse rates. Regional lapse rates perform better than the environmental lapse rate for Tmin and Tavg, although for some months rates can be predicted more accurately by using monthly lapse rates. Lapse rates computed for different months, synoptic types, and seasonal–synoptic categories all perform similarly. Therefore, the use of monthly lapse rates is recommended as a practical combination of effective performance and ease of implementation.
Is succinylcholine dead

D uring the past 50 years, succinylcholine has slowly marched toward its death in clinical anesthesiology. The procession has been slow and tortuous; nevertheless it has been a death march. The funeral dirge has been played with ever-increasing volume as the list of side effects and complications has grown longer and more remarkable. This discussion may help sound the death knell once again as the body of evidence supports the drug's ultimate demise. Yet informed individuals of good will may disagree on this point. So the relevant question then becomes:
Sow What You Know: The Struggle for Social Reproduction in Rural Sudan

Abstract The unity between production and social reproduction is under constant threat of dissolution. The practices by which it is maintained or threatened are the stuff of everyday life, and can be witnessed on the ground. A key practice of social reproduction is the socialization and education of children. This piece presents detailed findings on various practices of social reproduction—the production, exchange, and deployment of environmental knowledge—and points to the transformative potential inherent in the mundane practices of work, play, and learning. The village of Howa in Sudan has been incorporated within a state-sponsored agricultural development project and the content, mode of acquisition and utility of children's environmental knowledge has thereby changed dramatically. In addressing these, my larger research goal is to locate instances of rupture, resistance, or reformulation in the face of socioeconomic and cultural-ecological change imposed externally. The study employs ethnographic met...
Energy management for server clusters

The central point of this paper is that energy should be viewed as an important element of resource management for Web sites, hosting centers, and other Internet server clusters. In particular, we are developing a system to manage server resources so that cluster power demand scales with request throughput. This can yield significant energy savings because server clusters are sized for peak load, while traces show that traffic varies by factors of 3-6 or more through any day or week, with average load often less than 50% of peak. We propose energy-conscious service provisioning, in which the system continuously monitors load and adaptively provisions server capacity. This promises both economic and environmental benefits.
Comparison of Gum Arabic, Modified Starch, and Whey Protein Isolate as Emulsifiers: Influence of pH, CaCl2 and Temperature

: The particle size and zeta potential of model beverage emulsions (0.01 wt% soybean oil-in-water emulsions, d ≅ 1 mm) stabilized by gum arabic, modified starch, or whey protein isolate (WPI) were studied with varying pH (3 to 9), CaCl2 concentration (0 to 25 mM), and temperature (30 °C to 90 °C). Temperature, pH, CaCl2 strongly influenced emulsions stabilized by WPI because its stabilizing mechanism was mainly electrostatic repulsion, but not those stabilized by gum arabic or modified starch because their stabilizing modes of action were mainly steric repulsion. This study may have important implications for the application of WPI as an emulsifier in beverage emulsions.
Properties of AdeABC and AdeIJK Efflux Systems of Acinetobacter baumannii Compared with Those of the AcrAB-TolC System of Escherichia coli

Acinetobacter baumannii contains RND-family efflux systems AdeABC and AdeIJK, which pump out a wide range of antimicrobial compounds, as judged from the MIC changes occurring upon deletion of the responsible genes. However, these studies may miss changes because of the high backgrounds generated by the remaining pumps and by β-lactamases, and it is unclear how the activities of these pumps compare quantitatively with those of the well-studied AcrAB-TolC system of Escherichia coli. We expressed adeABC and adeIJK of A. baumannii, as well as E. coli acrAB, in an E. coli host from which acrAB was deleted. The A. baumannii pumps were functional in E. coli, and the MIC changes that were observed largely confirmed the substrate range already reported, with important differences. Thus, the AdeABC system pumped out all β-lactams, an activity that was often missed in deletion studies. When the expression level of the pump genes was adjusted to a similar level for a comparison with AcrAB-TolC, we found that both A. baumannii efflux systems pumped out a wide range of compounds, but AdeABC was less effective than AcrAB-TolC in the extrusion of lipophilic β-lactams, novobiocin, and ethidium bromide, although it was more effective at tetracycline efflux. AdeIJK was remarkably more effective than a similar level of AcrAB-TolC in the efflux of β-lactams, novobiocin, and ethidium bromide, although it was less so in the efflux of erythromycin. These results thus allow us to compare these efflux systems on a quantitative basis, if we can assume that the heterologous systems are fully functional in the E. coli host.
Identification of Tyrosinase-related Protein 2 as a Tumor Rejection Antigen for the B16 Melanoma

Recently, major advances have been made in the identification of antigens from human melanoma which are recognized by T cells. In spite of this, little is known about the optimal ways to use these antigens to treat patients with cancer. Progress in this area is likely to require accurate preclinical animal models, but the availability of such models has lagged behind developments in human tumor immunology. Whereas many of the identified human melanoma antigens are normal tissue differentiation proteins, analogous murine tumor antigens have not yet been identified. In this paper we identify a normal tissue differentiation antigen, tyrosinaserelated protein 2 (TRP-2), expressed by the murine B16 melanoma which was found by screening a cDNA library from B16 with tumor-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). A peptide conforming to the predicted MHC class I H2-Kb binding motif, TRP-2181-188, was identified as the major reactive epitope within TRP-2 recognized by these anti-B16 CTLs. By site-directed mutagenesis, it was shown that alteration of this epitope eliminated recognition of TRP-2. It was further demonstrated that a CTL line raised from splenocytes by repeated stimulation in vitro with this peptide could recognize B16 tumor and was therapeutic against 3-d-old established pulmonary metastases. The use of TRP-2 in a preclinical model of tumor immunotherapy may be helpful in suggesting optimal vaccination strategies for cancer therapy in patients.
Kernel-based traffic sign tracking to improve highway workzone recognition for reliable autonomous driving

To be deployed in the real world, a self-driving car must be capable of responding to exceptional road conditions, such as temporary work zones, because such events can change previously known traffic rules and road geometry. To develop such a capability, we implemented a computer vision system that recognizes the bounds of highway workzones by detecting regulatory and warning workzone signs. Because it is not practical to expect perfect performance in sign recognition, we also developed a confidence-propagation method to handle potential sign recognition errors. The performance of highway workzone recognition was improved by confidence-propagation, but our approach is not easily scalable to some real-world scenarios. Instead of only propagating sign classification confidence, in this work we project the appearance information of previously detected signs onto the current frame, to constrain the region for searching. Through experiments, we show that kernel-based tracking reduced the miss and false detection rates, result in a better performance of highway workzone recognition. In this paper, we present our on-going effort to further improve the performance of our highway workzone recognition system.
The impact of quitting smoking on weight among women prisoners participating in a smoking cessation intervention.

Objectives. We examined the impact of smoking cessation on weight change in a population of women prisoners.Methods. Women prisoners (n = 360) enrolled in a smoking cessation intervention; 250 received a 10-week group intervention plus transdermal nicotine replacement.Results. Women who quit smoking had significant weight gain at 3- and 6-month follow-ups, with a net difference of 10 pounds between smokers and abstainers at 6 months. By the 12-month follow-up, weight gain decreased among abstainers.Conclusions. We are the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate weight gain associated with smoking cessation among women prisoners. Smoking cessation interventions that address postcessation weight gain as a preventative measure may be beneficial in improving health and reducing the high prevalence of smoking in prisoner populations.
Targeted Drug and Gene Delivery Systems for Lung Cancer Therapy

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a novel docetaxel derivative of deslorelin, a luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist, and its combination in vivo with RGD peptide conjugated nanoparticles encapsulating an antiangiogenic, anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intraceptor (Flt23k; RGD-Flt23k-NP) in H1299 lung cancer cells and/or xenografts in athymic nude BALB/c mice. Experimental Design: The in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the deslorelin-docetaxel conjugate was evaluated in H1299 cells and xenografts in athymic nude mice. Coadministration of deslorelin-docetaxel conjugate and RGD-Flt23k-NP was tested in vivo in mice. Tumor inhibition, apoptosis, and VEGF inhibition were estimated in each of the treatment groups. Results: The conjugate enhanced in vitro docetaxel efficacy by 13-fold in H1299 cells compared with docetaxel at 24 hours, and this effect was inhibited following reduction of LHRH receptor expression by an antisense oligonucleotide. Combination of the conjugate with the RGD-Flt23k-NP in vivo resulted in an 82- and 15-fold tumor growth inhibition on day 39 following repeated weekly i.v. injections and a single intratumoral (i.t.) injection, respectively. These effects were significantly greater than individual targeted therapies or docetaxel alone. Similarly, apoptotic indices for the combination therapy were 14% and 10% in the i.v. and i.t. groups, respectively, and higher than the individual therapies. Combination therapy groups exhibited greater VEGF inhibition in both the i.v. and i.t. groups. Conclusions: Docetaxel efficacy was enhanced by LHRH receptor–targeted deslorelin conjugate and further improved by combination with targeted antiangiogenic nanoparticle gene therapy. Combination of novel targeted therapeutic approaches described here provides an attractive alternative to the current treatment options for lung cancer therapy. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(23):7299–308)
The pathogenesis of pleural space loculation and fibrosis.

Purpose of reviewOrganization of parapneumonic effusions may complicate pneumonia, and, annually, thousands of patients require procedures to treat intrapleural loculation and fibrosis. Surgical procedures are often used for the treatment, as fibrinolytic therapy is now not a routine and is undergoi
The Salience and Severity of Relationship Problems Among Low-Income Couples

Developing programs to support low-income married couples requires an accurate understanding of the challenges they face. To address this question, we assessed the salience and severity of relationship problems by asking 862 Black, White, and Latino newlywed spouses (N = 431 couples) living in low-income neighborhoods to (a) free list their 3 biggest sources of disagreement in the marriage, and (b) rate the severity of the problems appearing on a standard relationship problem inventory. Comparing the 2 sources of information revealed that, although relational problems (e.g., communication and moods) were rated as severe on the inventory, challenges external to the relationship (e.g., children) were more salient in the free listing task. The pattern of results is robust across couples of varying race/ethnicity, parental status, and income levels. We conclude that efforts to strengthen marriages among low-income couples may be more effective if they address not only relational problems, but also couples' external stresses by providing assistance with child care, finances, or job training.
MIBG in Neuroblastoma Diagnostic Imaging and Therapy

Neuroblastoma is a common malignancy observed in infants and young children. It has a varied prognosis, ranging from spontaneous regression to aggressive metastatic tumors with fatal outcomes despite multimodality therapy. Patients are divided into risk groups on the basis of age, stage, and biologic tumor factors. Multiple clinical and imaging tests are needed for accurate patient assessment. Iodine 123 ((123)I) metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is the first-line functional imaging agent used in neuroblastoma imaging. MIBG uptake is seen in 90% of neuroblastomas, identifying both the primary tumor and sites of metastatic disease. The addition of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and SPECT/computed tomography to (123)I-MIBG planar images can improve identification and characterization of sites of uptake. During scan interpretation, use of MIBG semiquantitative scoring systems improves description of disease extent and distribution and may be helpful in defining prognosis. Therapeutic use of MIBG labeled with iodine 131 ((131)I) is being investigated as part of research trials, both as a single agent and in conjunction with other therapies. (131)I-MIBG therapy has been studied in patients with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma and those with relapsed disease. Development and implementation of an institutional (131)I-MIBG therapy research program requires extensive preparation with a focus on radiation protection.
Conduct of the Hearing

This chapter examines the basic responsibilities of an administrative law judge in conducting the hearing and ensuring an orderly and fair presentation of the evidence to be determined. The chapter states general principles as to the ALJ’s responsibilities and how the ALJ should fulfill those responsibilities at each stage of the proceeding. This includes commencement of the hearing, opening, presentation of proof, receipt of testimony, maintaining order and decorum, dealing with unrepresented parties, and concluding the hearing. The purpose is to show how an ALJ can conduct a hearing so as to give the clear impression that it is not a contest for advantage by the use of technicalities, but rather an informal and searching inquiry into the facts and law of the case. Informality, however, is not synonymous with chaos, but merely an absence of unnecessary and time-consuming technicalities. An adjudicatory proceeding must not only be a fair hearing in fact, but it must also have the appearance of a fair hearing. Assuring such fairness is the goal of the ALJ.
Influence of epinephrine on vasoconstrictive action of organ extracts.

SummaryMany protein fractions isolated from kidney, liver and heart of hog, and from kidney and liver of dog and rabbit, inactive when perfused alone through the rabbit's ear, become vasoconstrictive at varying degrees when combined with subthreshold quantities of epinephrine.In contrast, dialyzed saline extracts of fresh minced organs were inactive with and without addition of epinephrine. After freezing and thawing or prolonged dialyzation against distilled water epinephrine addition resulted in some activity. 0.8 mg of protein or protein mixture secured by continued fractionation of hog liver and combined with subthreshold amounts of epinephrine, produced marked and long lasting vasoconstrictions.
Algorithmic Fabergé Eggs Via Residue Analysis

Royal Family once gave one another. Some of these eggs were made of gold and silver and decorated with enamel, precious stones and miniature paintings. The most splendid eggs were commissioned by the Czar from Faberge, the leading Russian jewelry firm at the turn of the twentieth century. The prices of real Faberg6 eggs are beyond the financial resources of most humans on this planet. However, personal computers equipped with low-cost graphics accelerators can bring the beauty and mystery of "self-decorating" eggs to computer hobbyists. The patterns I describe here are based on the
Validation of the 12-minute swim as a field test of peak aerobic power in young women.

Abstract The purposes of this study were to validate the 12-min swim as a field test of VO2peak in female recreational swimmers and to compare its validity with that of the 12-min run. The results are contrasted with those previously reported on a comparable group of male recreational swimmers. Thirty-four young women completed 12-min swim, 12-min run, tethered swimming VO2peak, and treadmill running VO2peak tests within 3 weeks. Mean (± SD) 12-min swim and run distances were 597 ± 82 and 2, 313 ± 317 m, and mean tethered swim and treadmill run VO2peak values were 39.2 ± 4.9 and 45.4 ± 6.3 ml·kg BW−1·min−1, respectively. Correlation coefficients and standard errors of estimate for predictions of swimming VO2peak from the 12-min swim (42 and 4.5 ml·kg BW−1.min−1) and run (58 and 4.1 ml·kg BW−1.min−1) and for predictions of treadmill run VO2peak from the 12-min swim (34 and 6.0 ml·kg BW−1.min−1) and run (87 and 3.2 ml·kg BW−1.min−1) indicated that the 12-min run was a more accurate predictor of tethered swi...
Effect of Turbulence Modeling on Spray Dynamics for an Evaporating Acetone Spray Jet

The effect of turbulence closure on the spray dynamics and droplets’ dispersion is studied for a dilute Acetone spray jet using an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach with two-way coupling. A stochastic random walk methodology is employed to model the liquid droplets’ turbulent dispersion by the gas phase turbulent eddies. Simulations using different turbulence closure models (i.e. the isotropic SST-k-ω, the k-e realizable, and the non-isotropic Reynolds Stress Model (RSM)) are compared with the SP2 Sydney spray jet measurements. The experimental spray droplets inflow mean and rms velocity and size distributions profiles are matched with the different experimental data size bins at every injection time step. The three models shows very good comparisons with better match for the mean and rms profiles using the RSM. The gas flow field turbulence non-isotropy is found to be maximum at the centerline and decreases radially. The results show that turbulence non-isotropy modeling has a strong impact on the droplet’s dynamics. At the centerline, the RSM predicts slower decay rate downstream of the potential core and higher turbulent intensity. The SST-k-ω and k-e models, however, predicted higher droplets’ slip velocity and Reynolds number and consequently higher drag force than the RSM. In the radial direction, away from the centerline, the drag relationship is reversed between the RSM and the k models. The droplets’ tendency for cross-stream dispersion is found to be correlated with the droplet response and drag force, with highest radial dispersion observed at the shear layer location. Memory effect is observed for spray droplets where they lag the gas phase turbulence especially at downstream locations. The study shows the importance of the gas phase turbulence fluctuations modeling on the droplets dispersion and spray dynamics predictions.
Instantaneous Phase Separation at the Contact Surface in Compression Molding of Immiscible Polymer Blend

Immiscible polymer blends with a co-continuous phase structure (CPS) can yield synergistic material properties. In this study, a 50/50 wt% PLA/PS blend with CPS was used as a model system to explore the influence of compression molding conditions (including compression rate, compression ratio, and mold surface characteristics) on the final phase structure of the molded part. The microscopic characterization clearly demonstrated the instantaneous formation of a PLA rich layer at the mold contact surface when a high compression ratio and fast compression rate were applied during molding. CFD simulations were performed to numerically study the effects of compression on phase structure evolution in binary blends. If harnessed appropriately, this phase separation process may be utilized for creating innovative material structures.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Information Asymmetry, Market Participation, and Asset Prices

We derive a separation theorem: investors hold a common risk-adjusted market portfolio regardless of their information sets, and a portfolio based upon their private signals. This implies that investors have non-negligible holdings of assets they know little about, so nonparticipation remains a puzzle in a rational information setting. In contrast with the well-known prediction of a risk premium for nonparticipation, in our model risk premia satisfy the CAPM. Investors hold a fund that provides the risk-adjusted market portfolio, even if they are unaware of the fund’s composition. In contrast with a literature on information risk, there is no risk premium for information asymmetry.
Tumors of the liver, extrahepatic biliary tract, and pancreas.

Although the ultrastructural features of many hepatocellular carcinomas may be distinctive from those of other tumors of epithelial origin, intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct neoplasms may be difficult to distinguish from adenocarcinomas originating in other sites. Pancreatic endocrine tumors are composed of cells containing characteristic neurosecretory granules, which are identified by electron microscopy, as are the characteristic zymogen granules in pancreatic acinar-cell tumors.
Leiomyosarcoma of hepatic vein and the Budd-Chiari syndrome.

This report concerns an elderly male patient who died in hepatic coma, the result of a fulminating form of the Budd-Chiari syndrome. A leiomyosarcoma, arising from a hepatic vein within the substance of the liver, had protruded into and partially blocked the inferior vena cava. This led to venous stasis and edema in the lower extremities and abdomen. Sudden venous thrombosis in the area of tumor blocking the hepatic veins subsequent to an exploratory laparotomy, initiated an irreversible abdominal catastrophe with extensive necrosis of the liver, portal hypertension, uncontrollable ascites, and ultimately hepatic and renal failure. It is believed that this is the 2nd case to be reported of a leiomyosarcoma arising in a hepatic vein, underlying the Budd-Chiari syndrome.
Vectors for Gene Transfer in Higher Plants

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the vectors for gene transfer in higher plants. Progress in plant cell transformation, particularly by direct DNA transfer methods, has been largely dictated by cell culture techniques. Thus, one of the critical factors in the transformation of a particular plant species is the ability to manipulate and regenerate whole plants from explants or protoplasts. The most-well-developed system for higher plant transformation is derived from the tumor-inducing mechanism of the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens . A. tumefaciens is the causal agent in crown gall disease. A closely related disease is hairy root disease, which is caused by A. rhizogenes . The aberrant plant growths caused by either type of Agrobacterium strain are largely due to genes on large plasmids within the bacteria. Only a relatively small discrete portion of the plasmid is transferred to and maintained in the plant cells during the tumor-formation process, and this region is now familiarly known as the transferred DNA (T-DNA).
Observation of x-ray radiation pressure effects on nanocrystals

Bragg coherent diffractive imaging is a powerful technique that can be used to explore the internal structure and strain of nanoscale crystalline objects. During the data collection process, the Bragg peak typically stays within a small range of pixels on the x-ray sensitive area detector. Here, we report abrupt and irreversible Bragg peak movement during the coherent x-ray data collection process for both Pd nanocubes and a Ni nanowire. We report that this phenomenon can be attributed to x-ray momentum transfer, also known as radiation pressure, to the nanocrystals. Understanding this effect is crucial given the anticipated coherent flux increases at next-generation synchrotron sources.
CARDIO-FEMORAL VASCULAR INDEX: A NEW MARKER OF ARTERIAL AGING

Background: Aortic stiffness (AS) is an important mediator of CVD risk with aging. Operator-independent methods to assess AS are needed. Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a noninvasive estimate of AS that can be automatically measured with cuff-based systems. Its specificity to AS as a marker of
Subarachnoid and intraperitoneal hemorrhage secondary to segmental arterial mediolysis: A case report and review of the literature

Background Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is an uncommon or underdiagnosed arteriopathy that presents with life-threatening hemorrhage. SAM can affect the intracranial, spinal, and visceral arteries, with reported cases of concomitant intracranial and visceral hemorrhage. Case description We present the case of a 61-year-old male with concurrent subarachnoid and intraperitoneal hemorrhage caused by simultaneously bleeding posterior spinal artery and splenic artery pseudoaneurysms. The posterior spinal artery pseudoaneurysms were treated with selective injection of polyvinyl alcohol particles into the posterior spinal artery, while the splenic artery pseudoaneurysm was treated with Gelfoam embolization. The constellation of imaging, clinical, and laboratory features led to a presumptive diagnosis of SAM, which remains the only reported cause of concurrent neurovascular and visceral artery aneurysm rupture. Conclusion SAM is a key diagnostic consideration in cases of concomitant intracranial, spinal, and visceral artery aneurysm rupture.
Lifetime Risk of Symptomatic Hand Osteoarthritis: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project

Objective Symptomatic hand osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition that affects hand strength and function, and causes disability in activities of daily living. Prior studies have estimated that the lifetime risk of symptomatic knee OA is 45% and that of hip OA is 25%. The objective of the present study was to estimate the overall lifetime risk of symptomatic hand OA, and the stratified lifetime risk according to potential risk factors. Methods Data were obtained from 2,218 adult subjects (ages ≥45 years) in the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project, a population-based prospective cohort study among residents of Johnston County, North Carolina. Data for the present study were collected from 2 of the follow-up cycles (1999–2004 and 2005–2010). Symptomatic hand OA was defined as the presence of both self-reported symptoms and radiographic OA in the same hand. Lifetime risk, defined as the proportion of the population who will develop symptomatic hand OA in at least 1 hand by age 85 years, was estimated from models using generalized estimating equations. Results Overall, the lifetime risk of symptomatic hand OA was 39.8% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 34.4–45.3%). In this population, nearly 1 in 2 women (47.2%, 95% CI 40.6–53.9%) had an estimated lifetime risk of developing symptomatic hand OA by age 85 years, compared with 1 in 4 men (24.6%, 95% CI 19.5–30.5%). Race-specific symptomatic hand OA risk estimates were 41.4% (95% CI 35.5–47.6%) among whites and 29.2% (95% CI 20.5–39.7%) among African Americans. The lifetime risk of symptomatic hand OA among individuals with obesity (47.1%, 95% CI 37.8–56.7%) was 11 percentage points higher than that in individuals without obesity (36.1%, 95% CI 29.7–42.9%). Conclusion These findings demonstrate the substantial burden of symptomatic hand OA overall and in sociodemographic and clinical subgroups. Increased use of public health and clinical interventions is needed to address its impact.
Adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early stage triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) comparison of outcomes in both BRCA positive and BRCA negative patients.

576Background: NSABP Protocol B-18 was a randomized trial which found no statistically significant difference in overall survival (OS) in patients (pts) receiving neoadjuvant (NAC) or adjuvant chemotherapy (AC), however outcome was not analyzed by breast cancer subtypes. Subsequent retrospective studies in TNBC reported conflicting results with an initial study showing a significant OS benefit with AC and later studies showing a trend toward improved survival with NAC. Furthermore, studies have not included a significant number of pts with BRCA mutations. This study aims to analyze outcomes of AC versus NAC in pts with early stage TNBC with and without BRCA germline mutations. Methods: Pts with stage I or II TNBC who had BRCA testing were identified from a prospective cohort study of 4027 pts at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Clinical, demographic, genetic test results, chemotherapy, recurrence, survival data were collected. OS and disease free survival (DFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and ...
Cytogenetics of Vitis V. Allotetraploids of V. vinifera L. x V. rotundifolia MICHX.

The allotetraploid hybrids obtained by colchicine treatment of the completely sterile F 1 diploid hybrids revealed very low and erratic fertility. A great variation in the fertility between seedlings was the rule. There is no apparent relation between chromosome pairing at MI and fertility of the allotetraploid vines. Average bivalent formation in the allotetraploids varied between 25.0 and 31.1 per cell compared to the expected 39 if complete pairing occurred. In all of the allotetraploid seedlings dominance of V. rotundifolia morphological characters was evident, although several exceptions were noted. Autotetraploid clones of the two species could be hybridized only by using V. vinifera as a female and V. rotundifolia as a male parent. Crossing behaviour of the allotetraploid F 1 hybrids is identical to diploid VR hybrids. Hybrids are crossable among themselves; they can be crossed successfully only as female parents to V. rotundifolia and as female or male parent to V. vinifera . A chromosomal ratio hypothesis is proposed to explain the unilateral crossability pattern between the two species and their hybrid derivaties. The alternative breeding procedures are given for testing this hypothesis.
Structural Characterization of the Catalytic γ and Regulatory β Subunits of Phosphorylase Kinase in the Context of the Hexadecameric Enzyme Complex

In the tightly regulated glycogenolysis cascade, the breakdown of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate, phosphorylase kinase (PhK) plays a key role in regulating the activity of glycogen phosphorylase. PhK is a 1.3 MDa hexadecamer, with four copies each of four different subunits (α, β, γ and δ), making the study of its structure challenging. Using hydrogen-deuterium exchange, we have analyzed the regulatory β subunit and the catalytic γ subunit in the context of the intact non-activated PhK complex to study the structure of these subunits and identify regions of surface exposure. Our data suggest that within the non-activated complex the γ subunit assumes an activated conformation and are consistent with a previous docking model of the β subunit within the cryoelectron microscopy envelope of PhK.
Nurses' Interest in Independently Initiating End-of-Life Conversations and Palliative Care Consultations in a Suburban, Community Hospital.

Background:Patients who receive early palliative care consults have clinical courses and outcomes more consistent with their goals. Nurses have been shown to be advocates for early palliative care involvement and are able to lead advanced care planning discussions.Objective:The purpose of this study was to assess whether after a brief educational session, nurses at a suburban, community hospital could demonstrate knowledge of palliative care principles, would want to independently initiate end-of-life conversations with patients and families, and would want to place specialty palliative care consults.Design:Four 1 hour presentations were made at 4 nursing leadership council meetings from November through December 2015. Anonymous pre- and post-presentation surveys were distributed and collected in person.Setting/Participant:Nonprofit, suburban, community hospital in Maryland. Participants were full-time or part-time hospital employees participating in a nursing leadership council who attended the presentat...
Selective Detection of Picosecond Overlapping Quantum Modes

We demonstrate selective frequency conversion of single photons in overlapping quantum modes of picosecond waveforms, achieving a detection signal-to-noise well exceeding the theoretical limit of the optimal time-frequency filtering.